text:
Appendix talk:Sherlock Holmes concordance

It's good, but not perfect. I created a Sherlock Holmes concordance in 1985, 34 years ago. I did a comparison between your list and mine of all words relating to "murder". Here's the result:

Your list -- murder 149   murdered 46   murderer 59   murderers 15   murderer's 0 -- murdering 6 murderous 17  murders 10    murder-trap 0 My list   -- murder 159   murdered 51   murderer 62   murderers 15   murderer's 4 -- murdering 6 murderous 22  murders 10    murder-trap 1

My concordance shows the sentence and Doubleday page number on which the word appears. Les221b2 (talk) 04:03, 25 June 2019 (UTC)Les

Interesting. How about renaming this page as "Concordance of Sherlock Holmes", as that is what it is.

 * Sounds fine with me. —Długosz

How are "trap" or "puritanical" rare or obsolete? These are everyday words. "Moor" is also well known, although possibly not outside the UK.

 * I think the usage was strange, but I don't remember. I made a list of words to look up as I was reading, and that was on it.  —Długosz

Might this appendix also be a "subappendix" of an appendix "Appendix:Concordances" which could include concordances of the Bible and the works of major authors such as Shakespeare, Dickens, Milton, etc? -- Paul G 09:49, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I do plan on adding others. —Długosz

By the way, what is "the Canon", and where does this list come from? Has it been copied from somewhere with permission? -- Paul G 09:51, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The Canon is the official list of stories by the author, as opposed to those written later by others. I made the concordance myself, based on the full texts found at Project Gutenberg. —Długosz

I admit that my immediate reaction when I first saw this was negative. Further reflection at least led me to believe that there is a place for this kind of thing. I can't yet be sure that this is the right place. I do have a few observations.
 * 1) Concordance would be a more appropriate name, but a name change can wait until we have decided where this is going.
 * 2) I agree that some of the words that were cited as being rare are not really rare, but this is a fairly minor point in the context of this initiative.
 * 3) If there is to be a "Canon" it should be very clear what is on that canon, and it should not depend only on what is included in Project Gutenberg. A little work has already been done to include some of Doyle's works on Wikisource (see .  I normally try to discourage putting things on Wikisource when a suitable version is easily available, but establishing a concordance may be cause for reviewing that opinion. Eclecticology 19:27, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the name Concordance. If someone with suitable powers would rename it (and the one that points to it), that's great with me.

 * There are numerous word lists on Wiktionary already, and at the very least they serve a purpose of collecting words that need to be in a dictionary. Meanwhile, I find myself needing to look up words in a dictionary when I read something that's from another country and another time, so even rare and obsolete words need to be part of a dictionary if they are part of popular literature.  Lastly, I find that using quotations from Holmes to illustrate words is more interesting then using Shakespere or the King James Bible or poetry, as found in the 1913 Webster's.  I just can't relate to the old qoutes, and there is no context other than the part of speech!  As for leaving proper names in the Lexicon, it's for completeness and I'm hoping that having a Concordance on line (rather than just a germination for my to-do list) will attract the Holmes on-line community to start adding definitions as well.  I'm not making entries for fictional proper names.  —Długosz

We are basically in agreement on your main points. If I hesitate to make the needed move it's because I want to look at this in terms that go beyond Sherlock Holmes. As things stand Wiktionary has about 1,500 pages of indexing and other meta-data; I would like this initiative to become a part of the solution, rather than a part of the problem. I agree that rare and obsolete words should be a part of Wiktionary, and I believe that they will all be added in the course of time. The 1913 Webster alone claims about 109,000 entries, so there is still a lot to be done. Shakespeare and the KJV are a part of the history of the language, so their uses are important. So too would be several other authors who represent the usage of the language in their own time; Arthur Conan Doyle is an excellent example for this kind of treatment.

Note that I say Doyle rather than Holmes. I think that some of Doyle's other works should be a part of this. This is one reason why we should not depend on Project Gutenberg to define our corpus. I would build into this initiative the capacity to create such a list for a single Holmes story as easily as for the entire body of work. I would appreciate your feedback on how your idea could fit into a bigger picture.

BTW, I glanced through your "a" list. I wouldn't be too quick to say say that "agave" is a typo; the usage is unusual in that way, but a rationale in its support could be made. It is clear that he was not referring to the cactus whose name is spelled the same way. :-) Also in considering "acetones" in the plural, what you say may be very true in today's understanding of chemistry, but the proper reference point is with the state of popular chemical understanding when the story was written.  Eclecticology 19:21, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Would someone please define Concordance !
What on earth is a Concordance ??? No definition in Wiktionary. B efore you try to decide if this is or is not a concordance, perhaps someone can do the ground work of defining what a concordance is ?--Richardb 12:57, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Good point. I'll put that higher on my priority list.  For now, a concordance is an alphabetical list of words found in a text or group of texts.  These often (but not necessarily include citations of the places where they occur.  The most famous concordance is that of the Bible. Eclecticology 17:26, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Did Conan Doyle invent / bring into being any new words ?
A number of authors (weel, may be only Lewis Carroll) around the time of Arthur Conan Doyle invented or brought to the public new or otherwise unknown words. If Conan Doyle did this, it would be interesting to list those words here as a specific section.--Richardb 12:57, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * One reason for Doyle's continued popularity is his easy writing style. I can't back up my statement right now, but it would come as a surprise to discover that any writer of stature would not have added any new words to the language. Eclecticology 17:26, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

There is only one word -- snackled, which the OED credits to Conan Doyle, and which appears in "A Study in Scarlet". Many editions of Doyle's work have changed the word to "shackled" Les221b2 (talk) 08:14, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

What is the point of a Concordance in Wiktionary ?
The reader could just directly look the word up. Why do we need a list of all words used in Sherlock Holmes stories, in a dictionary?--Richardb 15:10, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The point that seems to be missing is the purpose of a dictionary. A descriptive dictionary will chronicle a word's usage over time.  The list of quotations that it contains will illustrate those usages.  A prescriptive dictionary merely gives you definitions of words, and tells you how to use that word.  If all we were doing were the latter your point would be well taken. Eclecticology 00:17, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. Don't think it would be my personal choice, but then it wouldn't be a Wiki would it if people couldn't adapt it to what they want it to be --Richardb 05:53, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Very cool stuff here!
Dlugosz, excellently done. I just tripped over this this evening. Is there any effort to take *all* the books on Project Guttenburg, form a word-list of the whole mess, then perhaps even remove defined terms? Perhaps even remove plurals and other senses of known words? Hmmmm. Maybe it is time I got an off line copy of Wiktionary to play with. --Connel MacKenzie 07:50, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I really liked the idea when he started this, and was sad to see him abandon the project. The complete set of the Sherlock Holmes stories is now in Wikisource, and I've helped to add several more Conan Doyle works over there.  It would be nice to take this list and break it down by story. (MS Word allows a text to be sorted alphabetically.)  The usages could then be traced through the stories and cross-referenced.  This would take a lot of work, but if we ever had the manpower ... Eclecticology 00:52, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, when I realized what I was looking at, the wheels started turning. Wiki is far too addictive as it is.  But it sure would be neat to have a list of undefined words RANKED by number of uses, of the combined mess.  I'm a MUMPS database programmer by trade and choice.  It shouldn't be too hard to index the words to my liking, but that is a lot of data no matter how you look at it.  Perhaps if I buy myself a new disk drive as a belated self Christmas present...

 * I think an amalgamation of as much Conan Doyle as I can find would probably approximate most common words in the whole language; having some precedence for definitions would be encouraging, (much like the top 2000 linked words at Special:Wantedpages.)

 * A cruder approach would be to wikify every single word then post the result to my talk page...wait a week, then check back into the aforementioned automatic list. I think that would be borderline evil, though.  Can Wiktionary handle many-megabytes of wikified links at a time?  Maybe broken onto separate pages by chapter?  --Connel MacKenzie 05:14, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

A whopping 7 lines of code, executed on the 71KB file, and voila; User talk:Connel MacKenzie/doyle. The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (first line got cut from my debugging.) --Connel MacKenzie 09:40, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It's nice to see that your week only lasted 4 hours and 26 minutes. :-) Simply Wikifying every word in an article underestimates the power of this tool.  The difficulty that such a process causes is that when anyone looks up the article the server needs to check every wikified word just to determine whether it should be written in red or blue.

 * Ahem, I *did* say it was a crude approach.

 * I'm not familiar with MUMPS, so I can't comment on its potential in this context. Still I don't see disk storage as the major impediment.  Enough manpower to develop some of the ideas is a much bigger problem.  This kind of tool can be used to trace the meaning and usage of a word over the centuries if we do this with a series of authors as representative of their own time period.  The 71kb for your sample story seems about the right size.  This could allow for separate analyses of each story as it relates statistically to the entire corpus of Doyle's work.  There might be material here for a Wikiversity doctoral thesis! Eclecticology 20:24, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I need some kind of reality check. Wikiversity?  Thesis?  Doctoal Thesis!  Oh my.  I'm not driven by any of that, I'm just quite curious.

 * My initial test of doing a story was both encouraging and disappointing. I am delighted to see that the majority of the words are blue.  The reds are mostly proper names or plurals or other adjective senses (for defined words that include them in their definition.)  I had hoped that perhaps an entire section would stand out.  But on reflection, it seems the crude approach has some tremendous value.

 * Project Gutenburg has about 1.2 GB of zip files of text waiting for me. The next thing I'd like to try is to build an index of words, with only a count of occurrences.  (That was an extra 2 lines to the above snippet of code.)  I'd like to then subtract words that are defined in Wiktionary.  Then subtract other senses of words that are defined (i.e. anything in bold or wikified on the same line that the entry text appears.)  E.g. refrigerate would yield refrigerated and refrigerating.  Subtract those (that should knock out the obvious plurals and adjectives.)  Then spit the remaining words back out in order of occurrences.

 * For such an exercise to have a significant (er, overwhelming?) effect on Special:Wantedpages, I'd have to re-list them all at least twenty times. I'm sure there's a better way, but at least this is dynamic (for newly added words) as well as tried and true.  Obviously, I'm not worried about disk space on wikt., but the rendereing CPU cycles is a significant factor.  But these are not pages that *anyone* really should ever load.  They are just being stuffed to skew the results of Special:Wantedpages more towards the English language.

 * Of all the disks I have laying around, I don't think a single one has 1.2GB free. If I take the time to archive a plethora of stuff off my laptop this weekend, I should be able to start my 'wget' Saturday evening.  I'm sure I can unzip and process the files as they come in, freeing more space as I go.  (The MUMPS database will not expand in any significant amount...key compression, only saving counts, dynamiclly extensible, load balancing, balanced b-tree, etc.) so that megabyte (or two) won't be a factor.

 * But I'm not real good at parsing raw SQLdumps. I saw Hippietrail's code around somewhere, and it looked simple enough.  But then I'll need disk space for the raw dump as well.  :-(

 * Yeah, the proof of concept I did a couple hours later, but the result of my next exercise will take two to three weeks - most of that time freeing up disk space. And my employer wants me to do real work (imagine that!) during that time, so I probably won't finish this before Easter (looking at it realistically.)

 * I think I better post a question on Hippietrail's talk page, and see if he has a list of defined terms. Even better, would be a list of defined terms that have more than, say 50 characters, in their article entry.  (100 characters?)  Then, even weak definitions could be included in the resulting list.

 * Hasn't anyone tried this before? --Connel MacKenzie 03:22, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm still baffled that this exercise isn't done frequently. I got the information I needed from Hippietrail's user pages (I wonder if he knows how much that stuff helps, randomly?) downloaded and imported all the ASCII (big sacrifice - I know) English pages of Wiktionary, and built a table of all words that don't reference an existing article title.  (I also excluded plurals and other senses in a separate list.)  I'll soon be able to take that and plop the top thousand or (two or three) words into one of my usertalk subpages, in order of references.  Perhaps I should import all of WIKIPEDIA doing the same thing; list all words that have no wiktionary definition.  I'll also need to work on some kind of automation for propogating redirects for the plurals and other senses.  Fully automated won't work, as there is plenty of cruft there (and who knows how many have been defined since 7-JAN-2005.)  But I'm trying to think of ways to get it down to just a single click to submit the appropriate form with the redirect already stuffed.

 * I've made some decent progress at work (on work, not wiki) which always seems to raise my spirits. But I haven't made any progress at all on clearing space off this laptop for the concordance data-slam.  Also, I'm less impressed now at that first attempt...removing ALL punctuation is not a good long-term approach.  Since I preserve the strings I'm traversing, it isn't too hard to reinsert the punctuation after wikifying the individual words.  But that does make it possible to break wikiiing of some oddly punctuated text.  I'll have to try it, to see if it's worth the trade off (all punctuation, some broken links, vs. no punctuation, guaranteed no syntactically broken links.)
 * Must sleep now. --Connel MacKenzie 09:02, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

What can be done here extends far beyond simply finding a listing of words to include. Hippietrail's algorithms have been fruitful in finding things that really should be fixed. The problem is in all of us finding time to fix everything there that needs it. The results that some of these bots produced can be discouraging, and running them more frequently can only make that sentiment worse. Applying these techniqes to the whole of Wikipedia!!! seems to be a task on a par with using a drinking straw to suck up the entire ocean. We would do better to both work out the bugs and explore the potential in the context of the single Doyle story. Once that is done a secont text can be used for hypothesis testing.

I agree that stripping out all the punctuation may not be the best course. Apostrophes and hyphens especially are usually best left in. Even segregating plurals and other inflections may not be a good thing. While I still consider the creation of Wiktionary articles on most plural words to be a harmless exercise of dubious value, I attach some importance to the integrity of the original text. Studies in the statistical analysis of an author's texts (helpful in establishing the authenticity of a text when authorship is disputed) may depend on such data as how often the author uses the plural. Eclecticology 10:02, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you misunderstood the warm-up sub-task I'm trying now. By composing a list of words that "should" be redirected, along with the word they should be redirected to, seems a useful exercise, especially if I can clean up the exceptions during a manual phase.  Then to pass the list off to Hippietrail to automate?  Perhaps even as a direct SQL load?  If not, then as a manual list on my talk page to let people cut-n-paste the redirects.  I completely understand and sympathize with the negitave sentiment about bots.

 * Now, the only technique I was talking about doing was running all of wikipedia on MY LOCAL COPY to generate a word frequency count (dropping the actual text after counting.) By ensuring that common words are defined first, wiktionary ends up looking better to an outside observer.  (That's my theory, and I'm sticking to it!)

 * I think you are right. I'll try this again, filtering only "[", "_" and "]".  Pasting that test in the above page in just a minute from now...

 * Back to the concordances...what a cool idea! List the top 100 words (or 1000, 2k, whatever) per book.  Sorted by date, yes, I do think you are right; that will be a telling indication of language trends!  Even just one author, showing how language use morphed (um, what's the word I'm looking for) during a single authors lifetime...comparing overlaps.  I agree that this seems quite worthwhile.  Right now, I still need some local diskspace.  --Connel MacKenzie 11:36, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OK, as you requested then: a frequency count of just that first story. User talk:Connel MacKenzie/test2. Clearly my simple parsing is too simple. But is this what you were getting at? I think it would be more worthwhile to exclude entries that occur three times or less. Doing the same for only the top 500 words yields User talk:Connel MacKenzie/test3.

Hmmmmm. Maybe this would be a more interesting study to look at duplets - do the same analysis on word-pairs? Excluding all ones of course...again, results for only the first (little over) 200 word pairs can now be found at User talk:Connel MacKenzie/doyle signature. That looks like the signature you were asking for. Hmmm, I wonder how many of these word-pairs are wikified?

--Connel MacKenzie 09:09, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

heh. Only 6 of the wikified duplets were defined. --Connel MacKenzie 09:12, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * There's lots of interesting material in what you've done. I see that you already noticed about the separate listings for "he", "He" and "he.". This suggests that a case insensitive analysis might be useful.  The "... said he." construction can be a useful indicator of an author's style, so it may be necessary to deal with some of these manually.

 * I've also drawn a couple of other observations from the data. The most common word for which Wiktionary would need a definition was "suppose", which occurred 10 times.  There were three different explanations for words in red that occurred more frequently: simple plurals of words that we have already defined, words that included punctuation, and proper nouns.

 * There were 10,818 words in the text. The 88 most common words accounted for half of that number.  Each of these appeared at least 17 times.

 * The words that occur less frequently would give us fertile sources of quotes to illustrate the use of these words. In addition to Doyle I think that this project in co-operation with Wikisource should be building a series of reference authors.  Wikisource would strive to include everything available by these authors within its database.  A possible set of first entries, chosen to represent their time periods might be Francis Bacon (1600), Richard Steele (1700), Walter Scott (1800) and Doyle (1900).  Shakespeare was specifically out of consideration because he wrote in verse.  Others, of course, would be added later. Eclecticology 21:41, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OK, should I just pick the earliest of each, the one published closest to the century mark each, or do you have a favorite for each? Please give me a list of title requests, and I'll knock a 1/2 dozen off in short order... --Connel MacKenzie 04:15, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OK, I'm pulling:

VALERIUS TERMINUS: OF THE INTERPRETATION OF NATURE (by Sir Francis Bacon)

ISAAC BICKERSTAFF, PHYSICIAN AND ASTROLOGER. by Richard Steele.

and

LETTERS ON DEMONOLOGY AND WITCHCRAFT BY SIR WALTER SCOTT, BART.

....--Connel MacKenzie 08:09, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Well, DEMONS must posess my wiki'd text of Demonology...it's almost 1MB of wiki'd text, and for some reason, the server choked when I tried to submit it. (Stupid me, I tried a second time.) Perhaps I'll split it up tomorrow, perhaps not. As you pointed out earlier, the straight wiki'd text is not of tremendous value. Some yes, but not so important. Good night! --Connel MacKenzie 09:49, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree about the edit button (but it's still not as long as some sections of the "prescriptivism" debate). :-) You've made an interesting selection from Bacon, Steele and Scott -- It makes me wonder whether we might have better chosen one of Doyle's pieces about the spirit world.  In any event I should look at the possibility of including the cited works in Wikisource.  The difficulty that you had with the Scott text is no doubt a function of its size.  Comparing texts may require that we define a standard size, and choose chapters and stories that come within range of that.  At this early stage what work we choose from a representative author should not matter, but I forsee that the differences may become more apparent as our system becomes more refined. Eclecticology 20:06, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * The selections I made were rather odd, but dictated mostly by what I saw was available on P.G. (Steele's only solo work was the one above...the rest of his on P.G. were co-authored.)  I wouldn't recommend these as a reading list!  I think I'll take the first 100Kb of the Scott text...
 * So far: #1, #2, #3, in each of these lists show surprising similarity
 * User talk:Connel MacKenzie/doyle signature
 * User talk:Connel MacKenzie/bacon signature
 * User talk:Connel MacKenzie/steele signature
 * User talk:Connel MacKenzie/scott signature
 * --Connel MacKenzie 04:09, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting. For comparison purposes I would recommend that the data be normalized to show occurrences per 10,000 words.  This would make the results independent of the text length. Eclecticology 17:56, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

New section so I can find the edit button
Apparently I was too optimistic in estimating Easter as a milestone date. Work has recently picked up in intensity by an order of magnitude. I'd like to remember to get back to this when things calm down. --Connel MacKenzie 06:17, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem. If you aren't kept busy with work, there's always Mr.A.P. to waste your time. :-) Eclecticology 07:00, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't recall if there was more I wanted to do with these or not. --Connel MacKenzie T C 01:06, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Text moved from article
The text (below) moved from the main article, reasons:

Either these words are obscure so there must be many more in "Holmes" or they are not obscure.

These are some rare or obsolete words that even a native English speaker might need to look up when reading Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. * moor * cobs (description of horse) * balustraded * puritanical * tor * ecarte * trap (kind of vehicle) * betimes * dewlap Saltmarsh 12:37, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Concordance:Holmes A
I propose moving Concordance:Holmes A to Concordance:Sherlock Holmes/A. By extension, Concordance:Holmes B would be moved Concordance:Sherlock Holmes/B, and all other concordances from Sherlock Holmes would follow the same naming system. If this comes into effect, these pages will be subpages of Sherlock Holmes, which I believe is very desirable. --Daniel. 12:42, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Support. --Dan Polansky 09:56, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Support. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:59, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * This task is done. I moved all the concordances of Sherlock Holmes as explained above. Notably, Concordance:Holmes num was moved to Concordance:Sherlock Holmes/0-9. --Daniel. 05:16, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


text:
stove

Pronunciation

Etymology 1
From and/or  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ), both from, , from , further origin uncertain. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Danish and Norwegian and 🇨🇬). The Germanic words are very old, and are the source of the Slavic and Romance terms. It is often speculated that the Germanic terms were borrowed from, , from + , from.

.

Noun

 * 1) A heater, a closed apparatus to burn fuel for the warming of a room.
 * 2) * 1815, Appendix to A Treatise on the Economy of Fuel, and Management of Heat, Especially as it Relates to Heating and Drying by Means of Steam. p. 309.
 * [I]n the countries of modern Europe, the use of stoves prevail throughout the north; while in France and Great Britain, open fires are used. In the warm countries of Italy and Spain, there are very few chimneys, and the only method usually practised of tempering the cold... is to burn charcoal in portable brasiers.
 * 1) A device for heating food, (UK) a cooker.
 * 2) A stovetop, with hotplates.
 * 3)  A hothouse heated greenhouse.
 * 4)  A house or room artificially warmed or heated.
 * 5) * April 1, 1634,, letter to the Lord Deputy
 * When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper, the Parlour or Stove being near emptied, in came a Company of Musketeers.
 * 1)  A house or room artificially warmed or heated.
 * 2) * April 1, 1634,, letter to the Lord Deputy
 * When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper, the Parlour or Stove being near emptied, in came a Company of Musketeers.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: stoof, verwarmer
 * Albanian: porr, ,
 * Arabic: مَوْقِد, مِدْفَأَة, مِدْفَأ
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: চৌকা
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܬܦܲܝܵܐ
 * Azerbaijani:, peç
 * Basque: estufa, estufaren
 * Belarusian: печ, пе́чка
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: пеш
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Crimean Tatar: soba
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Erzya: каштомо, уштом
 * Esperanto: stovo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: estufa
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:, ,
 * Hindi:, स्टोव,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish: sorn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: пеш
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: печка, печь
 * Latvian:
 * Livonian: ōj
 * Macedonian: пе́чка
 * Maltese: stufi
 * Maori: kare, tō
 * Mongolian: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: omn
 * Ottoman Turkish: صوبا
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пећ
 * Roman: peć
 * Slovak: pec
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: kamjeny
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sundanese:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: katan, tuluan
 * Tajik:, , бухорӣ
 * Tigrinya: እቶን
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: peç
 * Ukrainian:, пі́чка, , грубка
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:, bếp lò,
 * Walloon: ,
 * Yiddish: אויוון
 * Yup'ik: kaminiaq
 * Zulu: isitofu

 * Afrikaans: stoof
 * Albanian:
 * Apache:
 * Jicarilla: asʼdóoha
 * Arabic: مَوْقِد
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܬܦܲܝܵܐ
 * Azerbaijani:, peç
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: пе́чка, пліта́
 * Bengali:, , ,
 * Brunei Malay: tambak
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏍᏓᏴᏗ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 煮食爐
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: furun
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fornelo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: komfýrur
 * Finnish:, ;
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:, ქურა
 * German:, Kochherd
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, तंदूर, स्टोव
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: eldavél
 * Ido:
 * Irish: sorn, sornóg
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: пеш, плита
 * Khmer: ជើងក្រាន
 * Korean: 스토브
 * Kyrgyz: печка, печь
 * Lao: ເຕົາ,
 * Latvian:, plīts
 * Macedonian: шпо́рет
 * Malay:
 * Maori: tō, kare
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Owen
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: q'uncha
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: stòbh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: штедњак, шпорет
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: sporák
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: pjacyk, kamjenki
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kalan, kusinilya
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tamil: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ojak, peç, plita
 * Ukrainian:, пли́тка
 * Uyghur: ئوچاق
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese: (𤇮)
 * Yup'ik: pelit'aaq, kaminiaq

Verb

 * 1)  To heat or dry, as in a stove.
 * 2)  To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat.
 * 1)  To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat.
 * 1)  To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat.

Translations

 * Finnish: ;, ,

 * Finnish: ,

Etymology
From (also  and ). Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a living room
 * 2) a cottage, small house, a log cabin

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: stove


text:
煙草

Noun

 * 1) tobacco
 * 2) tobacco leaf
 * 3) tobacco product
 * 1) tobacco product

Etymology 2
From.

title: 煙草


text:
タバコ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tobacco

Usage notes

 * Unusually for gairaigo (non-Middle Chinese borrowings), tabako is often written in hiragana. This is particularly seen on convenience store signs, indicating that cigarettes are for sale. This usage (hiragana rather than katakana) is attributed to this being an old borrowing, dating to the period (16th & 17th century), before the convention of writing gairaigo as katakana had developed.

title: タバコ


text:
Talk:wanker

You call a stupid person a wanker, a wanker is a poser, an egoist, somebody who loves themselves. But it would also be used of somebody who is "full of shit", "having himself on", or "full of himself". Somebody pretending to be something they're not. Somebody who takes themselves seriously but other people think of as a joke. People who try too hard to be cool or trendy.

Convtroversial list of rock & roll wankers (opinion mine but may serve to illustrate):
 * David Bowie
 * Jim Morrison
 * Axl Rose
 * Vanilla Ice

"Wanker" is also not gender-specific though the overwhelming majority of wankers are male. "Person who wanks" would be much more accurate.

— Hippietrail 13:51, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Wanker in the sense "Person who wanks" is not only used in UK, Australia and New Zealand, but also in the US, isn't it? 193.44.6.146 19:05, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

"Taboo or not Taboo, that is the question"
The first paragraph indicates that it's taboo and used inappropriately by US speakers, but the subsequent paragraph says it's NOT taboo. Could we editors make up our minds? -- Davidbspalding 19:47, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Jerkoff
Shouldn't there be a ref in the article to the American version, "Jerkoff?"

title: Talk:wanker


text:
Talk:miniscule

Prefer as alternate spelling
Without wanting to start an editing war, I would prefer to mark miniscule as an alternate spelling.

I know it's not etymologically correct.

If I get time, I'll write this up a bit, but I would distinguish

 * Alternate spelling (used everywhere interchangeably)
 * Regional spelling (used predominantly in a given region)
 * (maybe) Regional alternate spelling, or regional variant
 * Common misspelling
 * Not worth noting

As an indication of the criteria for this, here's why I would change "miniscule" to one of the top three

 * Relative prevalence. Google is only a rough guide, but "miniscule" seems to get the same order of magnitude of hits as "minuscule".  By contrast, "develope" got about two orders of magnitude fewer  than "develop" and the various random mispellings a couple of orders of magnitude fewer yet.
 * Sources. I would count stories from major news or government agencies and official publications of major universities (but not, say, someone's term paper or class notes).  As I said, ABC news and UC Santa Cruz both used "miniscule", and I'm sure I could find any number of other such citations.  I'm not surprised that these are both American.  I suspect that American editors just don't mind "miniscule" as much.
 * Currency. This is a guess, but I suspect that usage of "miniscule" is on the increase.  Unlike "develope," it is driven by pronunciation (short unstressed vowels tend towards "barred I" in many if not most American dialacts), and likely to be adopted by people who see it as an isolated entity meaning "really small" and not as part of "minuscule/majuscule/minus/minute/..."  Which would be most non-lexicographers.

For my money, prevalence and authorative sources are enough to make this

"regional variant (US)"

or similar.

 * www.m-w.com agrees it's a variant spelling. Ortonmc 16:49, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we could include a comment to the effect that it probably comes about from the assumption that it is related to "mini" -- Paul G 17:30, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree this should be marked as an alternative spelling given the very favorable frequency ratio and given the marking provided in various dictionaries. That said, a usage note indicating that some sources consider this spelling to be incorrect is okay. --Dan Polansky (talk) 17:49, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Seen in BBC online
This article begins "Wasps fitted with miniscule radio tags have helped scientists shed light on the insects' behaviour." Let's give them a couple of days to correct it (they sometimes do, but they might be happy with it as it stands). -dmh 06:45, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It has been corrected (now: “Wasps fitted with minuscule radio tags have helped scientists shed light on the insects’ behaviour”). † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 22:20, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Merriam-Webster
miniscule var of MINUSCULE (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1993.)  In the explanatory notes, the dictionary indicates that var means, "...the two spellings are equal variants.  Both are standard, and either one may be used according to personal inclination" (11a). 24.15.198.89 22:46, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Likewise dictionary.com (several dictionaries.) --Connel MacKenzie 20:46, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Namely WordNet, the American Heritage Dictionary, and Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). However, the latter sits on the fence somewhat, referring the reader to minuscule’s usage note, which reads: “M INUSCULE, from Latin minus meaning “less”, has frequently come to be spelled MINISCULE , perhaps under the influence of the prefix mini- in the sense “of a small size”. Although this newer spelling is criticized by many, it occurs with such frequency in edited writing that some consider it a variant spelling rather than a misspelling”. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 22:31, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:miniscule


text:
Talk:ID card

move to identity card, with link ID card --> identity card ?

Pronunciation
ˌIˈD card. --Backinstadiums (talk) 14:47, 26 August 2021 (UTC)

 * That's not proper pronunciation notation. We already have it at ID. Equinox ◑ 14:58, 27 August 2021 (UTC)
 * It's O.K. for suprasegmentals only, as in iˈdentity ˌcrisis, (vs ˌaɪˈdiː) --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:06, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:ID card


text:
Wiktionary talk:Well-Enunciated American English

Is this a technical desgination? I haven't seen it and couldn't find it. "Well-enunciated" sounds fairly subjective. -dmh 19:13, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * See Talk:ostrich.

This all makes me a bit nervous, particlarly the implication that dropping and modifying sounds is somehow a deviation from a well-enunciated norm. In fact, well-enunciated X is an abstraction of various dialects of spoken X. The situation of proto-indo-european roots is somewhat analogous. No one speaks proto-indo-european, or may ever have, but millions speak some derivative.

 * I'll clarify that this is the intent -- an ideal where it may become simpler in real use. Długosz

Some dialects distinguish pin/pen, some don't. Some distinguish merry/marry/Mary and some don't.  But no dialect makes every possible distinction.

 * I'll use that sentence in the main essay, if you don't mind. Długosz

That said, there is an informal notion of General American pronunciation, and we should probably reference that.

Finally, I'm not sure that a 19th-century poem is the best choice for illustrating modern pronunciation.

-dmh 19:47, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The current version does a lot to address the concerns I raised. In keeping with NPOV, I would like to see a more neutral designation. . . hmmm. . . "Neutral American English" or something like that?

 * Or "fully ennunciated AE" -dmh 16:22, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I would also like to see some briefer illustrative examples, and maybe even a few illustrating problem areas.

-dmh 20:56, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

This all seems very ad-hoc to me. Where can I ready about this dialect/pronunciation/IPA representation? What is the linguistic basis for it? I'm very happy that it's somehow related to the IPA Handbook (which I can't afford!) but otherwise it appears entirely dubious and doesn't fit with what I've learned about American English from Linguistics sources and my own experience. What is wrong with the established "General American" used elsewhere? Why should I put any more faith in this touted system than in the mentioned yet non-existent "Austrailian Outback" dialect mentioned in the article? Hippietrail 09:11, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * can you be more specific about what you've learned about American English? What dialect do you speak?  —Długosz

 * I share these reservations to a large extent. However, there may be an unfilled niche in the "broad IPA representation" category.  General American is an actual accent, with its own mergings and elisions.  I believe the intent here is to derive some sort of abstraction, which no one actually speaks, but which is implied in the spelling and use of words, and which can be used as a more formal basis to answer questions like "do I pronounce 'awry' as 'aRYE' or 'AWree'?" without worrying about regional differences in how those two designations would be pronounced.

 * All dictionaries try to address this problem, each in its own idiosyncratic way. Even saying "use IPA" is inadequate, as it leaves open the question "IPA representation of what?"  One answer is "use a designated standard accent (e.g., Received Pronunciation)" or several such (RP, General American, Crocodile Dundee :-) when there are significant differences.  The balance here is between

 * Providing too much detail about dialectal differences -- I don't need to hear about pin/pen on blend, fen, bent, meant and every other such word.
 * Missing out significant variations not easily deduced from the spelling and standard pronunciations. Examples of this are by definition harder to find, but perhaps "autoMObile" vs. "AUtomobile".

 * I'm also reluctant to grant any single accent an imprimatur as "preferred" or "official". It would be nice to have a neutral representation from which one could predict a particular dialectal variant most of the time, with the exceptions duly noted.  In many languages the spelling serves this purpose, but English orthography being what it is, a new notation is needed.

 * If anyone knows of existing efforts toward this particular end (the Shavian alphabet, perhaps :-), please pipe up! -dmh 16:22, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Everybody puts what they think the word sounds like if they bother at all to supply one; the only difference is I'm documenting the dialect. Because there are differences, it would be good to note what dialect/region/system was used for any pronunciation.  I'm very happy to have many listed side-by-side, each supplied by someone who talks that way.  —Długosz

Um. I read bits like: ''why is carefully enunciated as /hwaɪ/ .... Respecting all these nuances is the very definition of “well enunciated”.... If spoken carefully with the intent of enunciating the word, so it can be distinguished out of context, you would voice a difference between /ɑ/ and /ɔ/, even if in normal speech they sounded exactly alike.''

This looks suspiciously like spelling pronunciation to me. It's true that some phoneme merges seem to cancel out in careful speech, but not all of them; in my experience the cot-caught merger never undoes itself, though perhaps usually the writer-rider one does—however I have firsthand witnessed someone actually spell out mottled to distinguish it from modeled, as apparently even in "well-enunciated" speech he didn't have the distinction. —Muke Tever 19:14, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Further um. You use /oː/ in transcriptions. This isn't anywhere near standard, but is a characteristic of "Minnewegian" accents (it is, indeed, probably the most characteristic sound of that accent). The normal "broad" transcription of it is /o/ or the slightly more well-enunciated /oʊ/.

Also, as far as NPOV goes, not only does "well-enunciated" imply that deviations from this are "poorly-enunciated", it also puts people like me who merge cot-caught and don't know what words have /O/ in them ("law", in your description, was a big surprise) into the box of "ignorantly-enunciated", which is hardly fair. —Muke Tever 17:36, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I think now it's not right to take a particular dialect of English (whether or not it's actually yours) and label it "well-enunciated". What may be fruitful, which WEAE approaches but does not match, is a sort of "maximally distinct" American English, which encodes (hopefully without IPA) all the various regional pronunciations of sounds, and allows the user to merge what merges he has on his own. The AHD's pronunciation key approaches this, with transcriptions such as mârʹē, mărʹē, mĕrʹē for Mary, marry, merry respectively...

Producing a proper pronunciation key like this for Wiktionary would take some research but the result would probably be worth it. —Muke Tever 01:12, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

The transcription of "I wander lonely as a crowd" needs heavy revision. There are many inconsistensies noticing just at a glance: notation of the r phoneme in the transcriptions of "croud" vs. "breeze", some stressed syllables are marked--some aren't, punctuation from the original is noted in some places but omitted in others.

Also, strangely, the transcription of "golden" with a syllabic n seems rather not well-enunciated, I speak a dialect that usually only produces syllabic n after unvoiced consonants, and "golden" with a syllabic n sounds fairly colloquial to me, and not well-enunciated. Likewise, the d is omitted from "and" in its transcription, a trait that also seems to be colloquial.

Another strange trait of this transcription is the persistent use of /e:/ for the article "a", even when followed by word beginning with a consonant. I thought this was a peculiar trait reserved for a few north east coast american dialects, and in most dialects it is considered an error, not a trait of careful enunciation, just as if someone were to use the form of "the" that usually only preceeds a vowel before a word beginning with a consonant. I also just noticed that while you list in the footnotes only two version of "the", three are used in the transcription, including the i-form of "the" before daffodils, when daffodils doesn't begin with a vowel!

More issues.. "stretched" is really difficult to pronounce with a final /d/, and I'm not aware of any modern dialect that does this.

Proposal
Rather than calling this the POV "well-enunciated", why don't we call it "maximal distinctions Americaan English", dropping the conceit that there is some variety somewhere that has all the distinctions, but instead adopting the assumption that the representation that we use reflects all distinctions made in the major varieties of American English, with the caveat that most dialects of American English have merged at least some of the distinctions represented.

Thus we could provide pronunciations with the a/ɑ/ɔ distinction, w/ʍ distinction, æɹ/ɛɹ/eɹ distinction, but be clear that most dialects don't make all these distinctions.

IMHO not flapping t and d where most Americans flap it is a hypercorrection that doesn't reflect any natual American dialects, but we could used t and d with a diacritic that means "flapped". There is no such IPA diacritic, so we would have to make one up or press into service a different diacritic. I might suggest MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW, which is the upside-down version of the diacritic used to mark voicing. So we might use ṱ and ḓ to mark flapped t and d, instead of using ɾ. The words rider and writer could then be transcribed as [raɪḓɚ] [raɪṱɚ] (assuming we eschew ɹ for r and ɑ for a in diphthongs for the purposes of simplification). Just a thought. I'll see if I can't come up with a more coherent proposal. Nohat 23:56, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I have begun a proposal at General American English with maximal distinctions. Nohat 02:41, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Symbols incorrectly displayed
Off topic, but it doesn't help the reader or the discussion that so many of the symbols used on the WEAE Wiktionary pages are not displayed properly when viewing these pages. 2 cents from a passer-by. Perhaps a statement on which fonts, etc would help?

Request for moving the page

 * I would like to see this page moved to a location that is: (a) not in the general entry namespace (i.e., moved to something like Wiktionary:...) and (b) NPOV (which this name clearly is not). Jun-Dai 23:04, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Discussion from rfv
looks like original research. Has "WEAE" been published anywhere? Rod (A. Smith) 01:03, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Surely the ban of (significant) original research should only apply to the main namespace (and even there its appropriateness is being questioned). Many WT: pages are original research, eg most Help pages and, arguably, RFD, RFV, RFC.  The usefulness of a newly defined pronunciation could be questioned, as could the usefulness of writing Pronunciations using it; but not the originality of the material defining the pronunciation.

 * If WEAE actually represents the way many Americans speak when making an effort to be understood (eg when speaking over a poor phone line, or in an area with high background noise, or to people with hearing difficulties or with little knowledge of English) then I strongly support using it in pronunciations and defining it on this page. Indeed, it would be rather more useful than RP is (if strictly interpreted) for Brit English.  As noted in the recent discussion re Estuary English, people could usually deduce dialectal pronunciations from it rather better than they could if (say) Calif Eng was used.
 * Unlike the British who JUST SHOUT LOUDER to make themselves understood to foreigners.

 * If WEAE is only used by, say, 10% of Americans, I would still support its use as a Pronunciation, in addition to another US pronunciation (GenAm has been mentioned, but I am not qualified to comment) and of course pronunciation(s) for UK, etc. This page is therefore needed to define the use.

 * If WEAE is not actually used by anyone, then it would seem inappropriate to use it for pronunciations, but this page should be kept until all WEAE pronunciations have been converted to something else, not least as an aid to the conversion process. --Enginear 11:05, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * WEAE is the invention of User:Długosz. I am not sure if we determined (at the time he was developing it) whether it was a description of his own dialect or not. —Muke Tever 11:22, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Apparently there was no discussion here? Entry restored. Non-namespace zero items need to go through "other" deletions, not RFV. The entry is heavily linked internally and likely heavily linked externally. The most that can happen to it, is turning it into a redirect, if and when a suitable replacement is devised. How did this get nominated here, and how did it fail? By not being listed? --Connel MacKenzie 21:49, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The article was moved to here General American English with maximal distinctions and only then deleted. Andrew massyn 13:11, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The confusion I had was that clicking the RFV link, I did not find the discussion (as it now has the strikethrough preventing normal deep linking from the entry.) This section should be combined with the one above.  --Connel MacKenzie 17:31, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep, under original name, as Connel and I argued above. --Enginear 15:43, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

OK they are at both pages then. Andrew massyn 20:15, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Charset
Which charset (Western Windows, Western ISO, Unicode-UTF8..) is used to show IPA and the other pronunciation systems in Wiktionary ? --Mac 08:11, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe you need UTF-8. Angr 16:29, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Well-Enunciated American English
It's currently at WT:RFC but I can't see any value in it. Worse than that, WEAE and Well-Enunciated American English both redirect to it, which they shouldn't as they are in the main space, this is not. Why is this better than Wikipedia's IPA for English? Mglovesfun (talk) 13:20, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Keep. I am more distressed by the use of "WEAE" in our pronunciation sections. This is not a standard abbreviation and it does not occur in WT:Glossary. DCDuring TALK 17:48, 20 May 2010 (UTC)
 * If this is a specific lexical term used in academic language and journals, sure, keep. If it's one person's idea to create an appendix based on his or her POV, delete it. IMO it's that simple. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:53, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * delete and bot-replace all instances in templates with "US". "Well-enunciated American English" as an exact phrase gets 0 hits on google scholar and 1 hit on google books (an autobiography, ). Thryduulf (talk) 13:14, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * 0 hits on Google Books if you count the capitalization: what you found was "well-enunciated American English", i.e. weAE, not WEAE.  AugPi 14:11, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree completely with Mglovesfun on this. At best, Well-Enunciated American English should be moved to General American.  At worst, Well-Enunciated American English should be deleted mercilessly, and occurrences of    should be replaced by   , just as Widsith did for the article moor:   The "Well-Enunciated" part definitely goes without saying.   AugPi 14:09, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't oppose the page move, per AugPi. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:15, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Delete This is neither a generally accepted lexicographic category nor a real dialect. It's just hypothetical "proto" form that the author made up. ~ heyzeuss 18:25, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Deleted, especially per Heyzeuss but in general per all. Mglovesfun (talk) 16:34, 12 June 2010 (UTC)


text:
I'll

Alternative forms

 * I’l

Etymology
.

Contraction

 * 1) I will.
 * 2) I shall.

title: I'll


text:
callipygian

Etymology
From +, from  +.

Adjective

 * 1) Having beautifully shaped buttocks.
 * 2) * 2007, Ryan North, Dinosaur Comics, from the comic strip on May 22:
 * [T-Rex:] My lovely visage, callipygian frame, startlingly awesome calves and charming smile will yet go down in history!
 * 1) Specifically, describing a statue (often of a goddess such as Aphrodite) in a pose that shows off the figure's shapely buttocks.
 * 1) * 2007, Ryan North, Dinosaur Comics, from the comic strip on May 22:
 * [T-Rex:] My lovely visage, callipygian frame, startlingly awesome calves and charming smile will yet go down in history!
 * 1) Specifically, describing a statue (often of a goddess such as Aphrodite) in a pose that shows off the figure's shapely buttocks.
 * 1) Specifically, describing a statue (often of a goddess such as Aphrodite) in a pose that shows off the figure's shapely buttocks.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: kaunispakarainen
 * French:
 * German: kallipygisch
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: καλλίπυγος
 * Italian: callipige
 * Polish: o kształtnych pośladkach
 * Portuguese:, , , , , bunduda, , rabuda
 * Sanskrit:, , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: лепогуза
 * Spanish: calipigio
 * Volapük: jönaglüetik, jönaglüetikum,  jönaglüetikün

title: callipygian


text:
partir

Etymology
From

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to divide, to split
 * 2) to part, to split up
 * 3) to share

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to leave

Etymology
, from, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to share, to share out, to divide
 * 2)  to go away, leave, depart
 * 3) * Attributed to Alphonse Allais
 * "fr"
 * "fr"

- Partir, c'est mourir un peu, mais mourir, c'est partir beaucoup.

 * 1)  to originate
 * 2)  to die
 * 3)  to emanate
 * 4)  to start
 * 5)  to go
 * 1)  to emanate
 * 2)  to start
 * 3)  to go
 * 1)  to start
 * 2)  to go
 * 1)  to go

Etymology
From, from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to go away, to leave, to depart
 * 2)  to split, cleave, divide; to break
 * 3)  to quarter
 * 4)  to share; to allot
 * 5)  to assign a period of irrigation
 * 1)  to share; to allot
 * 2)  to assign a period of irrigation
 * 1)  to assign a period of irrigation
 * 1)  to assign a period of irrigation

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to depart, leave

Etymology
From, from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to leave
 * 2)  to divide up

Etymology
From

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to leave
 * 2)  to leave
 * 3) to divide up
 * 1) to divide up

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)   to leave
 * 2)  to divide up

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to split
 * 2)  to split; to break apart
 * 3)  to depart; to leave; to go away
 * 4)  to leave us; to depart
 * 5)  to come
 * 6)  to start behaving
 * 7)  to fall on; to attack
 * 1)  to leave us; to depart
 * 2)  to come
 * 3)  to start behaving
 * 4)  to fall on; to attack
 * 1)  to come
 * 2)  to start behaving
 * 3)  to fall on; to attack
 * 1)  to start behaving
 * 2)  to fall on; to attack
 * 1)  to fall on; to attack
 * 1)  to fall on; to attack

Etymology
. Compare English.

Verb

 * 1) to divide, split
 * 2) to go away, leave, depart
 * 3)  to crack up, have a laugh
 * 4)  to fall in love
 * 5)  to crack open
 * 1)  to fall in love
 * 2)  to crack open

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to leave

title: partir


text:
pedir

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to ask for; to request; to order

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to ask for; to request
 * 2)  to order
 * 3)  to ask for; to invite
 * 4)  to charge
 * 1)  to order
 * 2)  to ask for; to invite
 * 3)  to charge
 * 1)  to charge
 * 1)  to charge

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to ask for something
 * 2) to request someone else to do something
 * 3)  to order something
 * 4)  to call, call in
 * 5) to plead
 * 1)  to order something
 * 2)  to call, call in
 * 3) to plead
 * 1)  to call, call in
 * 2) to plead

title: pedir


text:
polir

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
 * 2) to refine; remove imperfections

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
 * 2) to refine; remove imperfections

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to polish; to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
 * 2) to refine; remove imperfections

title: polir


text:
querer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to want

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) love, like, liking

Verb

 * 1) to love
 * 2) to like
 * 3) to want
 * 4) go to

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to desire; to want
 * 2) to love, to like; to be fond of
 * 1) to love, to like; to be fond of
 * 1) to love, to like; to be fond of
 * 1) to love, to like; to be fond of

Noun

 * 1) will
 * 2) love, affection

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to want

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to want; to wish; to desire
 * 2)  to want
 * 3)  to want to
 * 4)  to mind; why don’t ...
 * 5)  to be almost; to be about to; to be likely to
 * 6)  to wish (something)
 * 7)  to wish (hope for something unlikely)
 * 8)  to want
 * 9)  to love
 * 10)  to need
 * 1)  to wish (something)
 * 2)  to wish (hope for something unlikely)
 * 3)  to want
 * 4)  to love
 * 5)  to need
 * 1)  to love
 * 2)  to need
 * 1)  to need
 * 1)  to need

Usage notes
In European Portuguese, the third person singular present indicative form is usually quer when not followed by an enclitic pronoun and quere when followed by one, so that one would write

Noun

 * 1) desire, will

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to desire, to want, to want to
 * 2) to love; to be fond of
 * 3)  would you ... ?
 * 4) to mean to, to try to
 * 5)  to love each other
 * 1)  would you ... ?
 * 2) to mean to, to try to
 * 3)  to love each other
 * 1)  to love each other
 * 1)  to love each other
 * 1)  to love each other

Usage notes

 * In the preterite, querer takes on special meaning:

 * The imperfect subjunctive is also used for polite requests:

Noun

 * 1) love; affection; fondness

title: querer


text:
ter

Noun

 * 1) river

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) bull

Adjective

 * 1) uncastrated

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to dry, dry off

Adjective

 * 1) devastated, ruined
 * 2) disabled

Etymology
of.

Contraction

 * 1) for, for the (followed by a feminine singular noun, e.g., one ending in -ing).
 * 2) in the
 * 1) in the

Usage notes
Like, occurs mostly in fixed idiomatic expressions, while  and  (+ /) are the standard. With feminine nouns ending in -ing, -te, -heid, etc., it still enjoys limited productivity:

Adverb

 * 1)  b; designating a third house with the same number

Descendants

 * Vietnamese:

Etymology
From, from earlier , from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to hold, have
 * 2) to possess
 * 3)  ought
 * 1)  ought

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) tar, the black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.

Etymology 2
id.

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1)  thrice, following

Etymology
From earlier, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) thrice, three times

Usage notes

 * is a prefix or suffix designating the third instance of a thing, thus following and preceding.

Etymology 1
From, , from , from. Forms with a short vowel are possibly from an Old English form with loss of the final vowel.

Noun

 * 1)  Tar or a similar substance.

Verb

 * 1)  (reflexive), (behave)

Etymology
Perhaps cognate to 🇨🇬, or to the related 🇨🇬 prefix, which can either express the hortative mood — as in tedirba, "may he work" — or, more pertinently, the meaning "only" — as in teturiu, "I have only". Possibly more distantly related to 🇨🇬 and to 🇨🇬.

Alternatively, the Prussian morpheme may be functionally equivalent to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,. For example, parallels 🇨🇬,, and  parallels 🇨🇬. Under this hypothesis, ter would be composed of +, and thus be equivalent to 🇨🇬 or.

Adverb

 * 1)  1. only, merely; 2. than, other than.

Usage notes
In the Old Prussian corpus, this only occurs one time outside of the combination ; see the quotation above. In the original German text of the Catechism, the word was used:

Accordingly, Nesselmann glosses ter as, which has displaced in this sense in modern German. However, there are good reasons to think that it may literally mean "only", discussed in the etymology above, and this is the meaning assumed by Fraenkel, Endzelīns, and Mažiulis. Schmalstieg mentions both potential meanings.

Etymology
From, from earlier ,.

Verb

 * 1) to have
 * 2)  to own; to possess; to have; to have got
 * 3)  to be rich, to have plenty of money; or, to have enough money to live comfortably
 * 4)  to have as a component or to consist of
 * 5)  to have
 * 6)  to be in possession of; to have as part of one’s personal effects; to have in hand
 * 7)  to consist of a certain amount of units of measurement
 * 8)  to have a certain characteristic
 * 9)  to be afflicted with a certain disease or other medical condition
 * 10)  to receive one’s wage
 * 11)  must; to have to
 * 12)  to have
 * 13)  there be
 * 14)  to give birth to
 * 15)  to consider
 * 16)  to go to; to interact
 * 17) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  to have a certain characteristic
 * 2)  to be afflicted with a certain disease or other medical condition
 * 3)  to receive one’s wage
 * 4)  must; to have to
 * 5)  to have
 * 6)  there be
 * 7)  to give birth to
 * 8)  to consider
 * 9)  to go to; to interact
 * 10) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  to have
 * 2)  there be
 * 3)  to give birth to
 * 4)  to consider
 * 5)  to go to; to interact
 * 6) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  there be
 * 2)  to give birth to
 * 3)  to consider
 * 4)  to go to; to interact
 * 5) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  to give birth to
 * 2)  to consider
 * 3)  to go to; to interact
 * 4) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  to consider
 * 2)  to go to; to interact
 * 3) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6
 * 1)  to go to; to interact
 * 2) * 1948, Bíblia Sagrada, edição Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Provérbios 6:6

Usage notes
For verbs that distinguish between particípio passado curto (short ) and particípio passado longo (long past participle) — for example, whose short past participle is and long is  — when  is used as an  verb, the long past participle must be used (like , and unlike  and ).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sweat

Etymology
, from +.

Conjunction

 * 1)  and

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1)  sweat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sweat

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1)  b; designating a third house with the same number.

Noun

 * 1) aunt or uncle

title: ter


text:
trazer

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate of 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) bring (to transport toward somebody/somewhere)

title: trazer


text:
viver

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fish farm
 * 2) nursery place where young shrubs, trees, vines, etc., are cultivated

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to live

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to live; to have life
 * 2) to live, reside have permanent residence

title: viver


text:
vender

Noun

 * 1) * 1773, Stanfield Parkinson, preface to the Journal of his brother Sydney Parkinson's Endeavour voyage, page 18,
 * Can it be supposed, that a man of Dr. Hawkes-worth’s discretion and abilities would enter into an engagement of this nature, and make a purchase of such moment, without enquiring into the title of the vender?
 * Can it be supposed, that a man of Dr. Hawkes-worth’s discretion and abilities would enter into an engagement of this nature, and make a purchase of such moment, without enquiring into the title of the vender?

Usage notes
Although vender is rare in modern English writing, The New Yorker still uses this spelling.

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to sell

Etymology
From, from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to sell
 * 2)  to betray, commit treason

Verb

 * 1) to vend

Etymology
From <.

Noun

 * 1) Friday

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to sell

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to sell
 * 2)  to sell for (a sum), to fetch
 * 1)  to sell for (a sum), to fetch

title: vender


text:
moor

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (from 🇨🇬); 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and perhaps also 🇨🇬. See.

Noun

 * 1) An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath
 * 2) A game preserve consisting of moorland.
 * 1) A game preserve consisting of moorland.
 * 1) A game preserve consisting of moorland.
 * 1) A game preserve consisting of moorland.
 * 1) A game preserve consisting of moorland.

Translations

 * Arabic: بِرْكَة, سَبْخَة, مُسْتَنْقَع
 * Breton:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 荒澤,
 * Czech: vřesoviště
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:, plataĵo
 * Estonian:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, illó, , lagumeira, lenteiro, lameira, , marnel,
 * Georgian: ტორფნარი
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Icelandic:, heiði
 * Irish: móinteán, caorán
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, 荒れ地
 * Latin: loca fruticetis obsita
 * Norman: lande
 * Norwegian: lynghei
 * Old Irish: slíab
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ве́ресковая пу́стошь,
 * Scots: muir
 * Scottish Gaelic: monadh, sliabh, mòinteach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: вресиште, вријесиште
 * Roman: vresište, vrijesište
 * Spanish: brezal,, turbera
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: labon
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh: gwaun, rhos
 * Zazaki: teverge

 * Russian: охо́тничье уго́дье, уча́сток для охо́ты

 * Italian:

Etymology 2
From, from unattested , from , related to , from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬,.

Verb

 * 1)  To cast anchor or become fastened.
 * 2)   To fix or secure (e.g. a vessel) in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with ropes, cables or chains or the like.
 * 3)  To secure or fix firmly.
 * 1)  To secure or fix firmly.
 * 1)  To secure or fix firmly.
 * 1)  To secure or fix firmly.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, приставам
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 系泊, ,
 * Danish: lægge til,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, ankkuroitua
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: ,
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Norwegian: legge til, fortøye
 * Persian: مهار کردن
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , стать на я́корь, става́ть на я́корь, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian: закотвям
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏔᎳᏗᎠ
 * Chinese:
 * Min Nan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: with an anchor,  with ropes or cables
 * German:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: feistigh, múráil
 * Italian:, ancorarsi
 * Japanese:
 * Norman: amather
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: fortøye
 * Polish:, przycumować, zacumować
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ста́вить на я́корь, поста́вить на я́корь,, ,
 * Spanish: with an anchor,  with ropes, cables or chains
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: швартува́ти, пришвартува́ти

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Irish: feistigh, fosaigh, suigh, daingnigh
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, , ,

 * Estonian: ,
 * French:
 * Portuguese:

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to murder

Etymology
From (“member of a North African people”, became synonymous with “Saracen”).

Noun

 * 1) Something black, notably a black horse
 * 2) A whistling kettle, used to boil water in, as for tea or coffee

Noun

 * 1)  an elderly woman; a crone

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Determiner

 * 1) ; more

Pronoun

 * 1) ; more

title: moor


text:
eunuch

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from +. Originally probably used to refer to a bed chamber attendant.

Noun

 * 1) A castrated human male.
 * 2) Such a man employed as harem guard or in certain (mainly Eastern) monarchies (e.g. late Roman and Chinese Empires) as court or state officials.
 * 3)  A man who is not inclined to marry and procreate.
 * 4)  One that is ineffectual.
 * 1)  A man who is not inclined to marry and procreate.
 * 2)  One that is ineffectual.

Usage notes

 * 1) While the most common form is a eunuch, the form an eunuch (presumably with an appropriate pronunciation) is occasionally seen.

Translations

 * Arabic: خَصِيّ,
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: е́ўнух, скапе́ц, кастра́т, лягча́нец
 * Bulgarian: скопе́ц
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩⲣ
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kastrito
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * German:, weiblicher Eunuch,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐνοῦχος, σπάδων
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: coillteán
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: әтек
 * Korean:
 * Latin: spadō, eunuchus, thlasias
 * Macedonian: евнух, скопец
 * Malay: sida-sida
 * Maori: unaka
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: evnukk
 * Occitan: eunuc
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: bating, eunuko
 * Thai: ชันที
 * Tibetan: ཉུག་རུམ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: є́внух, скопе́ць,
 * Volapük: homen
 * Walloon:
 * Yoruba: òkóbó

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: е́ўнух
 * Bulgarian: е́внух
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: eŭnuko
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: әтек
 * Korean:, 내시
 * Maori: unaka
 * Mongolian:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: є́внух
 * Yoruba: ìwẹ̀fà

 * Hindi:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Urdu:

Verb

 * 1) To castrate
 * 2)  To render ineffectual.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) A  castrated man.
 * 2) A  castrated male harem guard.

Etymology
From, from , from , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  a castrated human male
 * 2)  a harem guard

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) castrato,
 * 2)  impotent
 * 1)  impotent
 * 1)  impotent

title: eunuch


text:
abandonware

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: hylätty ohjelmisto, abandonware
 * French: ,
 * German: Abandonware
 * Icelandic: eftirlegubúnaður
 * Italian:, software fuori mercato
 * Polish:
 * Romanian: produs abandonat, software abandonat

Etymology
..

title: abandonware


text:
esse

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Essence, essential nature.

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to eat

Usage notes

 * The second and third persons are attested for the formerly Low Franconian areas around Düsseldorf. These forms might now be obsolete.

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be to exist
 * 3)  to be to occupy a place
 * 4)  ; to be
 * 5)  ; to have

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to eat

Inflection
Conjugation of

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) obstacle

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; ess

Etymology 2
From, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) ; they, them female

Noun

 * 1) state, condition

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to eat

Conjugation
Conjugation of

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to be

Etymology 1
From, from.

Determiner

 * 1)  that near you
 * 2)   this  near me
 * 1)   this  near me

Pronoun

 * 1)  that, that one near you
 * 2)  that (that one); this (this one) indicates something already mentioned or understood from context

Noun

 * 1) something shaped like the letter S
 * 1) something shaped like the letter S

Adjective

 * 1) hot

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to be

title: esse


text:
sumus

Etymology
From, from.

title: sumus


text:
odi

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) hatred

Etymology
From, reduplicated perfect from the root.

Verb

 * 1) to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
 * 2)  to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
 * 1)  to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
 * 1)  to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to

Usage notes
Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of and :
 * Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
 * The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
 * and are used in place of present active participles;  is archaic in this function.
 * To express the passive meaning, various expressions with are mainly used.

The form, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect becomes common (see it for details), supplementing  in the present, while  and  acquire the passive meaning.

Descendants

 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hatred

Etymology 1
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) empty, desolate, void

Etymology 2
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) easy, light

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A greeting; good wishes, regards

Interjection

 * 1) greetings,

Etymology
Possibly ultimately from.

Verb

 * 1)   to snow
 * 2)  to throw, to hurl
 * 1)  to throw, to hurl

Etymology 1
From

Noun

 * 1) opposite or converse of something; negative
 * 2) antonym
 * 3) antithesis
 * 4) wrong side, deviance, aberration

Etymology 2
From

Noun

 * 1) grudge, malice, feud

Noun

 * 1)  class of royal messengers

Noun

 * 1) anger, range

Noun

 * 1) wall, fortress;  walls around a city or town

Noun

 * 1) deaf and or mute person

Noun

 * 1) heavy bunch of fruit

title: odi


text: odisti

title: odisti


text: odit

title: odit


text: odimus

title: odimus


text: odistis

title: odistis


text: oderunt

title: oderunt


text: odero

title: odero


text: oderis

title: oderis


text:
recursion

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1) The act of recurring.
 * 2)  The act of defining an object (usually a function) in terms of that object itself.
 * 3)  The invocation of a procedure from within itself.
 * 1)  The invocation of a procedure from within itself.
 * 1)  The invocation of a procedure from within itself.
 * 1)  The invocation of a procedure from within itself.

Translations

 * Finnish:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: ,

 * Arabic: تَسَلْسُل
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 遞迴,
 * Czech: rekurze
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: rekuro
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: rekurencja
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: recurrencia
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: đệ quy (遞歸)

 * Arabic: تَسَلْسُل
 * Czech: rekurze
 * Esperanto: rekuro
 * German:
 * Portuguese:

 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Spanish:

title: recursion


text:
absens

Etymology
Present active participle of

Participle

 * 1) absent, missing, away, away from, distant, gone, gone away

title: absens


text:
abruptus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of, from +.

Participle

 * 1) broken off, torn, severed, having been broken off
 * 2)  broken off; precipitous, steep, abrupt
 * 3)  cut short, broken off, having been cut short
 * 4)  broken off; broken, disconnected, abrupt

Declension

 * comparative: abruptior, superlative: abruptissimus

title: abruptus


text:
abrupta

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) abrupt

Adjective

 * 1) abrupt

title: abrupta


text: abruptum

title: abruptum


text: abrupti

title: abrupti


text:
corda

Etymology 1
, from.

Noun

 * 1) rope
 * 2) string
 * 3) cord
 * 4)  string instrument
 * 5)  chord

Noun

 * 1) rope
 * 2) chord

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) rope, cord

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from, from.

Noun

 * 1) rope, cord
 * 2) string
 * 3)  string, cord (of a musical instrument)
 * 4) winding mechanism
 * 5)  tendon
 * 6)  mountain range
 * 1)  tendon
 * 2)  mountain range
 * 1)  mountain range

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) cord, string

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  chord

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) rope
 * 2)  chord, cord
 * 3)  string, cord (of a musical instrument)
 * 4)  chord
 * 5)  string (of a tennis racquet/racket, etc.)
 * 6)  rope (of a ring)

Noun

 * 1) rope

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) rope, string
 * 2) winding mechanism
 * 3) cord, heartstring
 * 1) cord, heartstring

Derived terms

 * (2)

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) rope
 * 2)  chord, cord
 * 3)  string, cord (of a musical instrument)
 * 4)  chord
 * 5)  string (of a tennis racquet, etc)
 * 6)  rope (of a ring)

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) rope

Usage notes

 * Only used in the construction, to navigate against a headwind.

title: corda


text:
cordipugus

Etymology
From and.

Adjective

 * 1) heart-piercing

title: cordipugus


text: cordipuga

title: cordipuga


text: cordipugum

title: cordipugum


text:
securis

Etymology
Related to and 🇨🇬, from. Compare also how in spite of the continuation of secūris in Spanish as one keeps from the verb a  with a similar meaning. See also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) an axe, hatchet with a broad edge

title: securis


text: secures

title: secures


text: vermes

title: vermes


text: Wormacia

title: Wormacia


text: Wormaciae

title: Wormaciae


text:
camelus

Etymology
From, from a language; compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a camel

Derived terms

 * Strūthiō camēlus

Descendants
Inherited from the form :

 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old

Borrowed:

 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:

title: camelus


text:
pello

Etymology
From or, a nasal-infix present derived from. See Ancient Greek, , , Latin.

Verb

 * 1) to push, drive, hurl, impel, propel; expel, banish, eject, thrust out
 * 2) to strike, set in motion
 * 3)  to rout, put to flight, discomfit
 * 4)  to strike the chords, play
 * 5)  to touch, move, affect, impress
 * 6) to beat, strike
 * 7)  to conquer, overcome, defeat
 * 1)  to conquer, overcome, defeat
 * 1)  to conquer, overcome, defeat

Conjugation
Note that pluperfect active indicative has the alternative form  and that the perfect active indicative  has the alternative form.

title: pello


text:
pluma

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A feather.

Noun

 * 1) feather

Etymology
Probably a semi-learned term taken from. Compare 🇨🇬, however.

Noun

 * 1) pen; plume
 * 1) pen; plume

Etymology
(Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Galician); compare the semi-learned 🇨🇬. See also, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.

Noun

 * 1) feather
 * 2) pen
 * 3) plume

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pen
 * 2) feather

Etymology 1
Borrowed from,. .

Noun

 * 1) plum

Etymology 2
From, from , from , plural of.

Noun

 * 1) plumb, plummet

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) feather, plume
 * 2)  metal scale of armor
 * 3) beard-down

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) feather
 * 2) plume

Etymology
Borrowed from (Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Portuguese); compare the semi-learned 🇨🇬. See also, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.

Noun

 * 1) plume (large and showy feather)
 * 2)  upwelling of molten material from the Earth's mantle (mantle plume)

Etymology
From, taken as an early semi-learned term (Latin pl- normally becomes ll- in inherited Spanish), or it may have maintained a conservative pronunciation as it would have been in use by mainly the upper class. A popular evolution of the word may have once existed in pre-literary Spanish, as evidenced by the 🇨🇬 derivative (compare 🇨🇬; see also 🇨🇬, borrowed from a related Portuguese term). Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) feather
 * 2) quill, quill pen
 * 3) pen, fountain pen
 * 4)  ballpoint pen
 * 5)  writer, penman
 * 6)  effeminacy
 * 1)  writer, penman
 * 2)  effeminacy
 * 1)  effeminacy

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pen any writing instrument that uses ink

title: pluma


text: plumae

title: plumae


text:
vincere

Etymology
, from, from , from with a nasal infix.

Verb

 * 1)  to win
 * 2)  to vanquish, to conquer, to defeat
 * 3)  to overcome (difficulties, fear, hunger, tiredness, etc.)
 * 4)  to control, to dominate (one's passions)

title: vincere


text:
vinto

Etymology
From a root, itself an alteration of , or contracted from a form  as a variant participle of.

Noun

 * 1) loser

Adjective

 * 1) defeated, beaten

title: vinto


text:
piuma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) feather, plume
 * 2)  down
 * 3) plumage
 * 1) plumage

title: piuma


text:
zaino

Etymology 1
From. .

Noun

 * 1) satchel, rucksack, backpack

Etymology 2
.

Adjective

 * 1) of the dark coat of a horse, dog etc. having no light markings

Etymology 1
.

Adjective

 * 1)  chestnut of a dark, reddish-brown color

Etymology 2
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) false-looking

title: zaino


text:
zanzara

Etymology
From, of imitative origin.

Noun

 * 1) mosquito

title: zanzara


text:
zia

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) aunt

title: zia


text:
zio

Etymology
Inherited from, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 or, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) uncle male relative
 * 2)  dude

Declension
!!!

Etymology
From with irregular loss of *p.

Verb

 * 1) to go down

title: zio


text:
zii

Noun

 * 1) uncles
 * 2) uncle and aunt or aunt and uncle
 * 3) uncles and aunts
 * 1) uncle and aunt or aunt and uncle
 * 2) uncles and aunts
 * 1) uncles and aunts

title: zii


text:
luna

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A luna moth: a member of species.
 * 2) * 1969,, “An Introduction to Butterflies and Moths”, in Boys’ Life, May 1969 issue, Boy Scouts of America, page 64:
 * On the previous evening we had discovered with delight a luna with the fabulous moons, one on each pale green wing.
 * 1) * 2010, Sally Roth (contributor), in Judy Pray (compiler), Garden Wisdom & Know-How: Everything You Need to Know to Plant, Grow, and Harvest, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc., ISBN 978-1-57912-837-1, page 348:
 * Spray BT on your young oak to protect against gypsy moths, and you wipe out future lunas, cecropias, and everything else on the leaves, along with the pests.
 * 1)  A lunette: a crescent-shaped receptacle, often glass, for holding the (consecrated) host (the bread of communion) upright when exposed in the monstrance.
 * 2) * 1907 May, “Dominicanus”, “The Rosary and the Blessed Sacrament”, in the Dominican Friars, The Rosary Magazine, Volume 30, Number 5, page 494:
 * The Bread of Angels is first taken from the tabernacle, where it rests in the luna, and placed upon the altar, covered with a corporal. After genuflecting, the priest puts the luna containing the Blessed Sacrament on its throne—the monstrance—and elevates it
 * The Bread of Angels is first taken from the tabernacle, where it rests in the luna, and placed upon the altar, covered with a corporal. After genuflecting, the priest puts the luna containing the Blessed Sacrament on its throne—the monstrance—and elevates it

Related terms

 * luna cornea

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A foreman on a plantation.

Usage notes

 * This noun, though inflected as an English word (singular, plural ), is frequently italicized as a loanword.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
cf. 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) one's proper place under the sun
 * 2) room, accommodation
 * 1) room, accommodation

Verb

 * 1) pahi~ - to put things in order

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
, from, from , from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  moon

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  lunar

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from , derived from the root. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a natural satellite
 * 2)  a month, moon
 * 3)  a time of the year
 * 4)  silver
 * 5)  a full moon (as opposed to a crescent)
 * 1)  silver
 * 2)  a full moon (as opposed to a crescent)

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
From, from , from , which is derived from.

Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a moon
 * 2)  moonlight, moon shine
 * 3)  a month
 * 4)  a night
 * 5) a crescent shape
 * 6)  silver
 * 1)  silver

Descendants

 * Balkan-Romance:
 * Southern Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Gallo-Italic:
 * Old
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Oïl:
 * Raeto-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Old
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Oïl:
 * Raeto-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Oïl:
 * Raeto-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Raeto-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:
 * Non-Romance:

Noun

 * 1) pillow

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  the moon

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) moon
 * 2) glow; light beam
 * 1) glow; light beam

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) moon
 * 2) month

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  moon

Noun

 * : the moon, the month

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Derived terms

 * luniddì
 * lunariari

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  moon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) moon

Etymology
, from, from , which is derived from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) moon

title: luna


text:
lievito

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) yeast
 * 2) leaven, leavening
 * 1) leaven, leavening

Derived terms

 * or
 * or

title: lievito


text:
limone

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lemon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lemon (fruit)

title: limone


text:
número arábigo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Arabic numeral

title: número arábigo


text:
zoo-

Etymology
From (combining form of).

Prefix

 * 1) animal

Usage notes

 * Before a vowel, contracts to.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian: zoo-
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) zoo-

Etymology
From (combining form of).

Etymology
From (combining form of).

Etymology
.

Etymology
From. .

Etymology
, combining form of.

title: zoo-


text:
labbro

Etymology
From, related to , from the root.

Noun

 * , labium
 * 1)  rim, edge

Usage notes

 * The feminine plural is used with anatomic meanings. Both plural forms are used for figurative meanings.

title: labbro


text:
ladro

Etymology 1
From, via the nominative.

Noun

 * 1)  thief

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1) bark

Etymology
From earlier, from (nominative form). , from the Latin accusative.

Noun

 * 1) thief, lift
 * 2) burglar

Adjective

 * 1) thieving, dishonest

Etymology 1
From, via the nominative.

Noun

 * 1)  thief

title: ladro


text:
lago

Adjective

 * 1) having an untidy appearance

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
From Proto-Central-Pacific *laŋo, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) fly

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) lake, pool, pond
 * 2) water reservoir

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
Cognate of 🇨🇬 from, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) lasso

Etymology
From lagu, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) voice

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
From and  and.

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology 1
From. Possibly related to 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) growth of plants
 * 2) luxuriant growth
 * 3)  progress; development; growth
 * 4) parrot seed or wild saffron
 * 1)  progress; development; growth
 * 2) parrot seed or wild saffron
 * 1) parrot seed or wild saffron

Noun

 * 1) full or whole length
 * 2) entire piece; whole bolt
 * 3) entire or full distance
 * 4) entirety; completeness
 * 1) entirety; completeness

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1) lake

title: lago


text:
largo

Noun

 * 1)  a very slow tempo
 * 2)  a musical piece or movement in such a tempo

Adjective

 * 1)  strong and stately

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to go past someone or something
 * 2) to proceed immediately
 * 3) to go straight ahead or on

Adverb

 * 1) played

Etymology 1
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) wide; broad having a large width
 * 2) ample; large
 * 3) * 1460, Rui Vasques (J. A. Souto Cabo, editor), Corónica de Iria, page 131:
 * "gl"
 * "gl"

- Et fezolles dormjtorio, et rrefortorio, et cassas Jnçircuyto da eglleia; et doulles canpanas moyto bõas, et libros, et ornamentos et largos rreditus et posisóós

 * 1) copious, generous, plentiful
 * 2)  loose not fitting tightly
 * 3)  long
 * 1)  loose not fitting tightly
 * 2)  long
 * 1)  long
 * 1)  long

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) wide, broad
 * 2) ample, wide, large
 * 3) oversized, loose-fitting, too loose
 * 4)  generous, free, open-handed
 * 1) oversized, loose-fitting, too loose
 * 2)  generous, free, open-handed
 * 1) oversized, loose-fitting, too loose
 * 2)  generous, free, open-handed
 * 1)  generous, free, open-handed
 * 1)  generous, free, open-handed

Noun

 * 1) open sea
 * 2) square,
 * 3)  largo
 * 1) square,
 * 2)  largo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  an

Usage notes

 * Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was considered also grammatically neuter.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a

Etymology 1
, from.

Noun

 * 1) square (open space in a town)
 * 2)  high seas (parts of the ocean surface that are far from shore)
 * 1)  high seas (parts of the ocean surface that are far from shore)

Adjective

 * 1) wide; broad having a large width
 * 2) ample; spacious
 * 3)  loose not fitting tightly
 * 1) ample; spacious
 * 2)  loose not fitting tightly
 * 1)  loose not fitting tightly
 * 1)  loose not fitting tightly

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)   a very slow tempo
 * 2)   a musical piece or movement in such a tempo

Etymology
.

Etymology 1
. Displaced from 🇨🇬. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

The coffee was named by don José Prado Crespo, see:.

Adjective

 * 1) long having much distance from one terminating point to another
 * 2) long, lengthy, extended, prolonged, protracted,  having great duration
 * 3) long, long-running seemingly lasting a lot of time
 * 4) good slightly larger than the given amount
 * 5)  A type of coffee made out of roughly 10% milk and 90% coffee
 * 1) good slightly larger than the given amount
 * 2)  A type of coffee made out of roughly 10% milk and 90% coffee
 * 1)  A type of coffee made out of roughly 10% milk and 90% coffee
 * 1)  A type of coffee made out of roughly 10% milk and 90% coffee

Noun

 * 1)  A type of coffee made out of roughly 10% milk and 90% coffee

Noun

 * 1) length
 * 2)  pitch
 * 1)  pitch

Interjection

 * 1) get out!, scram!
 * 2) get away!
 * 1) get away!

title: largo


text:
lattuga

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) lettuce

title: lattuga


text:
Talk:recursion

Humor in Wiktionary
12:43, 19 Mar 2004. . Paul G (reformatted - nice idea, but this is too joky to be useful) {source}

For anyone who needs a smile you can visit the original version at the Recursion sandbox.

I hope that the illustration is retained here. If it is, I will do the illustration again with it in its final place within the page. I will wait a while in order to try to let it reach its equilibrium locational. JWSurf 14:19, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:recursion


text:
lavare

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to wash

title: lavare


text:
lavarsi

Verb

 * 1) to wash (oneself)
 * 1) to wash (oneself)

title: lavarsi


text:
latte

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of, from + , from.

Noun

 * 1) A drink of coffee made from espresso and steamed milk, generally topped with foam.
 * 2) A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).
 * 1) A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).
 * 1) A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).

Translations

 * Afrikaans: melkkoffie, latte
 * Arabic: لَاتَيه (lātēh)
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: ла́те, кафела́те
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ラテ, カフェラッテ
 * Khmer: ឡាតេ
 * Lao: ລາຕເທ, ລາເຕ້
 * Macedonian: ка́фе ла́те
 * Mongolian:
 * Northern Thai: ᩃᩢ᩠ᨲᨴᩮ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: latte
 * Russian:, ко́фе-ла́тте
 * Serbo-Croatian: бије̑ла ка̀ва
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Thai: ลาเต้
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: cà phê latte

Noun

 * 1) A pillar capped by a hemispherical stone capital with the flat side facing up, used as building supports by the ancient Chamorro people and now used as a sign of Chamorro identity.

Etymology
From, probably through.

Noun

 * 1) latte

Etymology
, from, , from a source, probably , from. See also German, Dutch , and English and.

Noun

 * 1) lath
 * 2) slat
 * 3) ruler (Belgium) (measuring device)
 * 4)  shoe; foot
 * 5)  hit, puff
 * 6)  ski
 * 7)  batten

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) milk

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) milk

Etymology
From, , from a source, probably.

Noun

 * 1)  lath

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  caffè latte

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) milk

title: latte


text:
leggere

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1)  to read

Etymology
, from. , the native Neapolitan form.

Verb

 * 1) to read

title: leggere


text:
leggero

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1)  Lightly, delicately, or gently.

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) light in weight
 * 2)  pop
 * 3) slight
 * 4) thin (thicker than sottile)
 * 1) slight
 * 2) thin (thicker than sottile)
 * 1) thin (thicker than sottile)

title: leggero


text:
locale

Etymology
From (adj), nominal use of the adjective.

Noun

 * 1) The place where something happens.
 * Being near running water and good shade, the explorers decided it was a good locale for setting up camp.
 * 1)  The set of settings related to the language and region in which a computer program executes. Examples are language, currency and time formats, character encoding etc.
 * 2)  A partially ordered set with the following additional axiomatic properties: any finite subset of it has a meet, any arbitrary subset of it has a join, and distributivity, which states that a binary meet distributes with respect to an arbitrary join. (Note: locales are just like s except that the category of locales is opposite to the category of frames.)
 * 1)  A partially ordered set with the following additional axiomatic properties: any finite subset of it has a meet, any arbitrary subset of it has a join, and distributivity, which states that a binary meet distributes with respect to an arbitrary join. (Note: locales are just like s except that the category of locales is opposite to the category of frames.)

Translations

 * Bulgarian: местопроизшествие
 * Dutch:, plaats van gebeuren
 * Finnish: tapahtumapaikka
 * French: ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Russian: ме́сто де́йствия
 * Spanish:

 * Dutch: taalregio,
 * Finnish: maa-asetus, maa-asetusto
 * French: paramètres régionaux,
 * German: Gebietsschema, Gebietsschemaparameter, Locale
 * Spanish: configuración regional
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) local

Noun

 * 1) room

title: locale


text:
luce

Etymology
From, , from.

Pronunciation

Noun

 * 1) The pike,, when fully grown.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: щука

Etymology 1
From, from , from the root. Doublet of the borrowed.

Noun

 * 1) light
 * 2) clearance
 * 3) span (engineering)

Adverb

 * 1) by daylight

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  light
 * 2) shine
 * 3) beauty

title: luce


text:
lucertola

Etymology
From, diminutive of. . Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) lizard

title: lucertola


text:
lupo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wolf

Noun

 * 1) the

Etymology 2
By metathesis. From.

Verb

 * 1) to block off

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wolf

Etymology
Borrowed from, , and. (Compare 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  magnifying glass, reading glass, pocket lens

Etymology
For instead of the attested  (which would have given the non-existent ), also reflected by 🇨🇬, perhaps  of the wolf's howling. .

Noun

 * 1) wolf

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) wolf (male)

title: lupo


text:
lusso

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) luxury
 * 2) excess, surplus

title: lusso


text:
recursive

Etymology
. Equivalent to

Adjective

 * 1) drawing upon itself, referring back.
 * 2)  of an expression, each term of which is determined by applying a formula to preceding terms
 * 3)  of a program or function that calls itself
 * 4)  which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time
 * 5)  whose characteristic function is recursive (4)
 * 1)  whose characteristic function is recursive (4)

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: itseään toistava
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:, επανερχόμενος,
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian: рекурзиван
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: рекурси́вний

 * Czech: rekurzivní
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: rekursiivinen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Polish: rekurencyjny
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: iteractivo,

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Czech: rekurzivní
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: rekursiivinen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: rekurencyjny
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Thai:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: rekursiivinen
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: rekursiivinen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * French:
 * Serbo-Croatian:

title: recursive


text:
recurse

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To execute a procedure recursively.

Translations

 * Swedish: rekursera

title: recurse