text:
User:Scsbot/wikised

host= baseurl= login="?title=Special:Userlogin"

driverscript= reason= minoredit=

okaytocreate= mustcreate=

delay=			# sleep between edits (seconds)

checkscript= editscript= filter= postcheckscript=

checkdiffs=no expecteddelete= expectedinsert=

rm="/bin/rm -f"

username= password=

loginconfig=

masterscript=

configs="wikised.configs"

 * 1) argument parse

while expr "$1" : '^-' > /dev/null do	case $1 in		-\?|-h|-help|--help)			echo $usage			echo "options:"			echo "	-host h	set host of wiki"			echo "	-url u	set full base URL of wiki"			echo "	-why m	set edit summary message"			echo "	-m	mark edits as minor"			echo "	-d f	set driver/data file"			echo "	-cre	okay to create new pages"			echo "	-new	don't overwrite old pages (must create)"			echo "	-s s	sleep for s seconds between edits"			echo "	-pre s	set pre-check script"			echo "	-post s	set post-check script"			echo "	-edit s	set main edit script"			echo "	-filter	edit script is a pure filter"			echo "	-chkd	check diffs"			echo "	-ins n	expected insert"			echo "	-del n	expected delete"			echo "	-user u	set username"			echo "	-pass p	set password"			echo "	-cfg c	login configuration c"			echo "	-f s	master setup script s"			echo "	-?,-h	print this help"			printedhelp=yes;;

-host)	host=$2			shift;;		-u|-url|-baseurl) baseurl=$2 shift;; -why|-reason|-message|-summary|-editsummary)			reason=$2			shift;;		-m|-minor) minoredit=yes;; -d|-driver|-driverscript|-data)			driverscript=$2			shift;;		-cre|-create|-okaytocreate) okaytocreate=yes;; -new|-mustcreate)			mustcreate=yes;;		-s|-sleep|-delay) delay=$2 shift;; -pre|-precheck|-precheckscript|-checkscript)			checkscript=$2			shift;;		-post|-postcheckscript) postcheckscript=$2 shift;; -edit|-editscript)			editscript=$2			shift;;		-filter) filter=yes;; -chkd|-checkdiff|-checkdiffs)			checkdiffs=yes;;		-ins|-nins|-ninsert|-expectedinsert) expectedinsert=$2 shift;; -del|-ndel|-ndelete|-expecteddelete)			expecteddelete=$2			shift;;		-user|-username) username=$2 shift;; -pass|-password)			password=$2			shift;;		-cfg|-config) loginconfig=$2 shift;; -f|-masterscript)			masterscript=$2			shift;;		*)	echo "$0: unrecognized option $1" 1>&2;; esac shift done

if test $# -ge 1 then if test -n "$masterscript" then	echo "master script specified twice (use -f or argument)" >&2 exit 1 fi masterscript=$1 shift fi

 * 1) login config shortcut (but don't override cmd line)

if test -n "$loginconfig" then ent=`dbgrep -i -k name $loginconfig $configs` if test -z "$ent" then echo "no such configuration $loginconfig" >&2 # exit? else nl=`echo "$ent" | wc -l` i=1 while test $i -le $nl do line=`echo "$ent" | line $i` k=`expr "$line" : '\([^ 	]*\).*'` v=`expr "$line" : '[^ 	]*[ 	]*\(.*\)'` v=`echo "$v" | sed 's/ *$//'` case $k in				host)	if test -z "$host"; then host=$v; fi;;				baseurl) if test -z "$baseurl"; then baseurl=$v; fi;; defaultlogin)					defaultlogin=$v;;				confirm) confirm=$v;; esac i=`expr $i + 1` done fi fi

 * 1) "master script" (but don't override cmd line)

if test -n "$masterscript" then if test ! -r "$masterscript" then echo "master script $masterscript does not exist or is not readable" >&2 exit fi

# would like to use "while read k v < $masterscript", # but that sets vars in subshell and so is useless

nl=`wc -l < $masterscript` i=1 while test $i -le $nl do line=`line $i $masterscript` k=`expr "$line" : '\([^ 	]*\).*'` v=`expr "$line" : '[^ 	]*[ 	]*\(.*\)'` v=`echo "$v" | sed 's/ *$//'` case $k in			host)	if test -z "$host"; then host=$v; fi;;			baseurl) if test -z "$baseurl"; then baseurl=$v; fi;; driverscript)	if test -z "$driverscript"; then driverscript=$v; fi;;			reason)	if test -z "$reason"; then reason=$v; fi;; minoredit)				if test -z "$minoredit"				then					 if test "$v" = "0" -o "$v" = "no" -o "$v" = "false"					then	minoredit=no					else	minoredit=yes					fi				fi;;			okaytocreate) if test -z "$okaytocreate" then if test "$v" = "0" -o "$v" = "no" -o "$v" = "false" then	okaytocreate=no else	okaytocreate=yes fi fi;; mustcreate)				if test -z "$mustcreate"				then					 if test "$v" = "0" -o "$v" = "no" -o "$v" = "false"					then	mustcreate=no					else	mustcreate=yes					fi				fi;;			delay)	if test -z "$delay"; then delay=$v; fi;; checkscript) if test -z "$checkscript"; then checkscript=$v; fi;;			editscript) if test -z "$editscript"; then editscript=$v; fi;; filter)				if test -z "$filter"				then					 if test "$v" = "0" -o "$v" = "no" -o "$v" = "false"					then	filter=no					else	filter=yes					fi				fi;;			postcheckscript) if test -z "$postcheckscript"; then postcheckscript=$v; fi;; checkdiffs)				if test -z "$checkdiffs"				then					 if test "$v" = "0" -o "$v" = "no" -o "$v" = "false"					then	checkdiffs=no					else	checkdiffs=yes					fi				fi;;			expecteddelete) if test -z "$expecteddelete"; then expecteddelete=$v; fi;; expectedinsert)	if test -z "$expectedinsert"; then expectedinsert=$v; fi;;			username)	if test -z "$username"; then username=$v; fi;; password)	if test -z "$password"; then password=$v; fi;;		esac		i=`expr $i + 1`	done fi

 * 1) Most args/flags are required.  Check them all.

errs=0

if test -z "$baseurl" then if test -n "$host" then	baseurl="http://$host/w/index.php" fi fi

if test -z "$baseurl" then echo "base url not specified; use -url, or -h to specify host" >&2 errs=`expr $errs + 1` fi

if test -z "$driverscript" then echo "driver script not specified; use -d to specify" >&2 errs=`expr $errs + 1` fi

if test -z "$minoredit" then	minoredit=no fi

if test -z "$okaytocreate" then	okaytocreate=no fi

if test -z "$mustcreate" then	mustcreate=no fi

if test -z "$delay" then	delay=60 fi

if test -z "$editscript" then echo "edit script not specified; use -edit to specify" >&2 errs=`expr $errs + 1` fi

if test -z "$filter" then	filter=no fi

if test -z "$checkdiffs" then	checkdiffs=no fi

if test -z "$username" then	username=$defaultlogin fi

if test -z "$username" then echo "login user name not specified; use -user to specify" >&2 errs=`expr $errs + 1` fi

if test -z "$password" then : attempt to look up fi

if test $errs -gt 0 then	exit 1 fi

if test -z "$password" then if test "$confirm" = yes then	echo -n "enter password for $username to edit live wiki: " else	echo -n "enter password for $username: " fi read password elif test "$confirm" = yes then	echo -n "Confirm editing live wiki: " read ans if expr "$ans" : '[Yy]' > /dev/null then	: else	exit fi fi

logfilebase=$driverscript.`date +%Y$m$d.%H%M` acceptlog=$logfilebase.accept rejectlog=$logfilebase.reject

tf=/tmp/tmpfile$$ tf4=/tmp/tmpfile$$.4

echo -n "Fetching login page..." httpget -cookies -cookiefile $tf.cook "$baseurl$login" > $tf echo " got it."

formsetup formtag$$ $tf || exit

formselect formtag$$ userlogin || exit

formcheckfields formtag$$ wpName wpPassword || exit

echo $username > `formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpName` echo $password > `formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpPassword`

formsubmitbutton formtag$$ wpLoginattempt || exit

echo -n "Submitting login information..." formsubmit formtag$$ $baseurl $tf.cook > $tf4 stat=$? echo " got it."

if test $stat -ne 0; then exit 1; fi

if grep -q "Incorrect password entered" $tf4 then echo "bad password; login failed" >&2 exit 1 fi

formfinish formtag$$

cat $driverscript | while read article editscriptparms do

sleep $delay

echo -n "Fetching \"$article\" to edit..." httpget -cookies -cookiefile $tf.cook "$baseurl?title=$article&action=edit" > $tf echo " got it."

if grep -q "<title>User is blocked" $tf || grep -q "Your user name or IP address has been blocked" $tf then echo "bot user $username blocked!" >&2 exit fi

formsetup formtag$$ $tf || exit

formselect formtag$$ editform || exit

formcheckfields formtag$$ wpTextbox1 || exit

tftextarea=`formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpTextbox1`

 * 1) Imperfect test for missing page, since it depends on text that can
 * 2) be and typically is customized per wiki.  I'm using two different
 * 3) strings from each of generic mediawiki, Wikipedia, and Wiktionary.
 * 4) The failure mode if it fails to notice that the page doesn't exist
 * 5) isn't too bad, because the check and/or edit scripts will usually
 * 6) fail on a blank textarea.

missing=no

if grep -q "does not yet have an entry for $article" $tf || grep -q "start .* entry.* type .* box .* click .*[Ss]ave.*changes .* visible immediately" $tf || grep -q "followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet" $tf || grep -q "To create the page, start typing in the box below" $tf || grep -q "does not have an article with this exact name" $tf || grep -q "To start a page called $article, type .* box .* and .* [Ss]ave .* changes .* visible immediately" $tf then missing=yes fi

if test $mustcreate = yes -a $missing = no then echo "$article: page already exists" >&2 # XXX duplicated formfinish formtag$$ echo "$article	$editscriptparms	already exists" >> $rejectlog continue elif test $okaytocreate = no -a $missing = yes then echo "$article: no such page yet" >&2 # XXX duplicated formfinish formtag$$ echo "$article	$editscriptparms	no such page" >> $rejectlog continue fi

if grep -i -q '^#redirect' < $tftextarea then # XXX duplicated formfinish formtag$$ echo "$article is a redirect" >&2 echo "$article	$editscriptparms	is redirect" >> $rejectlog continue fi

if test -z "$checkscript" || sh $checkscript $checkscriptparms < $tftextarea then	: else # XXX duplicated formfinish formtag$$ echo "$article	$editscriptparms	check script failure" >> $rejectlog continue fi

filter "sed -e 's/&lt;/</g' -e 's/&gt;/>/g' -e 's/&amp;/\&/g' -e 's/&quot;/\"/g'" $tftextarea
 * 1) XXX questionable who/where should do this unescaping, and how aggressively

edit_script_output=""

if test "$filter" = "yes" then	filter "sh $editscript $editscriptparms" $tftextarea else	edit_script_output=`sh $editscript $tftextarea $editscriptparms` fi

if test $? -ne 0 then echo $edit_script_output >&2 # XXX duplicated formfinish formtag$$ echo "$article	$editscriptparms	edit script failure" >> $rejectlog continue fi

if test -n "$edit_script_output" then if echo "$edit_script_output" | grep -q 'expect.*insertions' then expectedinsert=`expr "$edit_script_output" : 'expect \([0-9]*\) insertions'` fi fi

if test "$checkdiffs" = "yes" then

formsubmitbutton formtag$$ wpDiff || exit

echo -n "Fetching diffs..." formsubmit formtag$$ $baseurl $tf.cook > $tf4 stat=$? echo " done."

if test $stat -ne 0; then exit 1; fi

formfinish formtag$$

ndel=`grep -c "td class=['\\"]diff-deletedline['\\"]" $tf4` nadd=`grep -c "td class=['\\"]diff-addedline['\\"]" $tf4`

if test $ndel -ne $expecteddelete -o $nadd -ne $expectedinsert then echo "edit would cause $nadd/$ndel insertions/deletions, but expected $expectedinsert/$expecteddelete" >&2 echo "Canceling." >&2 echo "$article	$editscriptparms	diff check failure" >> $rejectlog continue fi

formsetup formtag$$ $tf4 || exit

formselect formtag$$ editform || exit

formcheckfields formtag$$ wpTextbox1 || exit

tftextarea=`formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpTextbox1`

filter "sed -e 's/&lt;/</g' -e 's/&gt;/>/g' -e 's/&amp;/\&/g' -e 's/&quot;/\"/g'" $tftextarea
 * 1) XXX questionable who/where should do this unescaping, and how aggressively
 * 2) XXX also this is in two places, though I missed it at first, leading
 * 3) to a bad edit *not* caught by the checkdiffs bad-edit check :-( # :-( :-(

fi

tfwatch=`formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpWatchthis` if test -n "$tfwatch" then $rm $tfwatch fi

tfminor=`formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpMinoredit` if test -n "$tfminor" then if test $minoredit = yes then	echo 1 > $tfminor else	$rm $tfminor fi fi

tfsummary=`formgettmpfile formtag$$ wpSummary` if test -n "$tfsummary" then echo "edited by robot" > $tfsummary if test -n "$reason" then (echo 1s/$/:/; echo w) | ed - $tfsummary echo "$reason" >> $tfsummary fi fi

formsubmitbutton formtag$$ wpSave || exit

echo -n "Submitting edits..." formsubmit formtag$$ $baseurl $tf.cook > $tf4 stat=$? echo " done."

if test $stat -ne 0; then exit 1; fi

formfinish formtag$$

if grep -q "<title>.*[Ee]dit [Cc]onflict" $tf4 then echo "edit conflict" >&2 echo "$article	$editscriptparms	edit conflict" >> $rejectlog continue fi

echo "$article	$editscriptparms" >> $acceptlog

done

$rm $tf $tf4 $tf.cook

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Scsbot/wikised


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formsetup

tag=$1 file=$2

tf=tf$$

rm="/bin/rm -f"

td=td$tag

xmlsed -t $file > $tf

forms="`grep '/form$' $tf`" nf=`echo "$forms" | wc -l`

if test $nf -lt 1 then echo "unexpected (no forms)" >&2 exit 1 fi

mkdir $td || exit 1

for x in `echo "$forms" | column 1` do formname="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$x/@name`" formid="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$x/@id`"

echo "$x	$formid	$formname" >> $td/.toc

mkdir $td/$x

xmlsed -x $file \#$x/@action > $td/$x/.action xmlsed -x $file \#$x/@method > $td/$x/.method

pat=`echo $x | sed 's/\./\\\\./g'`

for y in `grep "^$pat\\..*input$" $tf | column 1` do	name="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$y/@name`" type="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$y/@type`" value="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$y/@value`"

echo "$value" > $td/$x/$name

echo "$name	$type" >> $td/$x/.toc done

for y in `grep "^$pat\\..*/textarea$" $tf | column 1` do	name="`xmlsed -x $file \\#$y/@name`" type=".textarea"

xmlsed -x $file \#$y > $td/$x/$name

echo "$name	$type" >> $td/$x/.toc done done

$rm $tf

exit 0

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formsetup


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formcheckfields

tag=$1 shift

 * 1) could optimize this by doing in-line, rather than calling formgettmpfile

exitstat=0

for fieldname in $* do x=`formgettmpfile $tag $fieldname` if test -z "$x" then # formgettmpfile might eventually print err msg echo "$tag: field $fieldname not found" >&2 exitstat=1 fi done

exit $exitstat

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formcheckfields


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formfinish

tag=$1

td=td$tag

if test ! -d $td then echo "$tag not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

/bin/rm -rf $td

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formfinish


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formgettmpfile

tag=$1 fieldname=$2

td=td$tag

if test ! -d $td then echo "$tag not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

if test ! -f $td/.cur then echo "$tag: no form selected" >&2 exit 1 fi

formid=`cat $td/.cur`

if test ! -d $td/$formid -o ! -f $td/$formid/.toc then echo "$tag: form not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

 * 1) actually, don't really need TOC yet...

if test -f $td/$formid/$fieldname then echo $td/$formid/$fieldname exit 0 else # maybe print error message, though need -q to turn off # (see wpSummary fetch in wikised) exit 1 fi

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formgettmpfile


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formselect

tag=$1 formname=$2

td=td$tag

if test ! -d $td then echo "$tag not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

if test ! -f $td/.toc then echo "$tag: no TOC" >&2 exit 1 fi

id=`awk "\\$2 == \\"$formname\\" {print \\$1}" $td/.toc`

if test -z "$id" then echo "$tag: form $formname not found" >&2 exit 1 fi

if test `echo "$id" | wc -l` -gt 1 then echo "$tag: form $formname: multiple matches" >&2 exit 1 fi

echo "$id" > $td/.cur

exit 0

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formselect


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formsubmit

tag=$1 baseurl=$2 cookiefile=$3

baseurl2=`expr "$baseurl" : '\([^/]*//[^/]*\).*'`

tf3=tf$$.3

rm="/bin/rm -f"

submurl=`cat \`formgettmpfile $tag .action\``	# XXX submmethod=`cat \`formgettmpfile $tag .method\``	# XXX

if test $submmethod != "post" then echo "unexpected (form method $submmethod)" >&2 exit 1 fi

if expr "$submurl" : '^/' > /dev/null then	: else echo "unexpected (non-relative submission URL $submurl)" >&2 exit 1 fi

submurl=`echo "$submurl" | sed 's/&amp;/\&/g'`
 * 1) XXX:

sep=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv

formmakesubm $tag $sep | sed 's/$//' > $tf3

httpget -cookies -cookiefile $cookiefile -post -type "multipart/form-data; boundary=$sep" "$baseurl2/$submurl" < $tf3

$rm $tf3

exit 0

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formsubmit


text:
User:Scsbot/formtools/formsubmitbutton

 * 1) prepare to "push" a form submit button, by deleting the rest
 * 1) prepare to "push" a form submit button, by deleting the rest

tag=$1 buttonname=$2

rm="/bin/rm -f"

td=td$tag

if test ! -d $td then echo "$tag not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

if test ! -f $td/.cur then echo "$tag: no form selected" >&2 exit 1 fi

formid=`cat $td/.cur`

if test ! -d $td/$formid -o ! -f $td/$formid/.toc then echo "$tag: form not set up" >&2 exit 1 fi

while read name type do if test $type = "submit" then if test $name = $buttonname then	: # oughta record found else	$rm $td/$formid/$name fi fi done < $td/$formid/.toc

 * 1) oughta complain if not found

exit 0

title: User:Scsbot/formtools/formsubmitbutton


text: -stö

title: -stö


text:
brown out

Verb

 * 1) To experience a partial loss of vision having the characteristics of a brownout, to suffer a brownout.
 * The pilot pulled up hard into a tight loop and browned out, losing sight of the target.

title: brown out


text:
اگنی

Etymology
..

Proper noun

 * 1)  Agni

Noun

 * 1) fire

title: اگنی


text:
сијалица

Noun

 * 1)  light bulb

Noun

 * 1) light bulb

title: сијалица


text:
sijalica

Noun

 * 1) light bulb

title: sijalica


text:
brevirostrate

Adjective

 * 1) Short-beaked; having a short bill.

title: brevirostrate


text:
User talk:Eaefremov

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary!

If you have edited Wikipedia, you probably already know some basics, but Wiktionary does have a few conventions of its own. Please take a moment to learn our basics before jumping in.

First, all articles should be in our standard format, even if they are not yet complete. Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with it. You can use one of our pre-defined article templates by typing the name of a non-existent article into the search box and hitting 'Go'.

Notice that article titles are case-sensitive and are not capitalized unless, like proper nouns, they are ordinarily capitalized (Poland or January). Also, take a moment to familiarize yourself with our criteria for inclusion, since Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia. Read our Transwiki process if you plan to work on importing information from Wikipedia. Don't go looking for a Village pump – we have a Beer parlour.

Finally, you can link Wikipedia pages, including your user page, using pagename,, or. Please do not create redirects to Wikipedia pages, though. They don't work.

We hope you enjoy editing Wiktionary and being a Wiktionarian. — Vildricianus 22:22, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Reordering
Um, we aren't m-w.com nor dict.com. Reordering definitions is usually wrong out-of-hand. There has been moderate consensus to try to list them in etymological order, if anything. --Connel MacKenzie 05:47, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eaefremov


text:
User:Scsbot/wikised documentation

Because wikised is a framework for performing many sorts of editing tasks, there are several pieces of information it must be given on startup to tell it what to do. It has to know which wiki to make changes to and who to log in as. It has to know which actual editing script to run and whether there are any check scripts. And it needs a list of pages to edit.

This information can be given to wikised either on its command line or via a couple of configuration files.

We'll start with a quick list of all the command-line flags, followed by some more detailed explanations of what they mean and how they're used.

Command-line flags

 * -host h : set host of wiki
 * -url u : set full base URL of wiki
 * -editsummary m : set edit summary message
 * -minor : mark edits as minor
 * -data f : set driver/data file (list of pages to edit, + parameters)
 * -okaytocreate : okay to create new pages
 * -mustcreate : don't overwrite old pages (must create new)
 * -sleep s : sleep for s seconds between edits
 * -precheckscript s : set pre-check script
 * -postcheckscript s : set post-check script
 * -editscript s : set main edit script
 * -filter : edit script is a pure filter
 * -checkdiffs : check diffs
 * -ninsert n : expected number of inserted lines
 * -ndelete n : expected number of deleted lines
 * -user u : set username to log in as
 * -pass p : password for that username
 * -loginconfig c : use predefined login configuration c (sets host, url, and user)
 * -f s : use master setup script s (sets edit script and all related parameters)
 * -help : print a brief help message

Discussion
To specify which machine to log in to, use either the -host or -url options. If you use -host to specify a host h, the script assumes that the base URL is http://h/w/index.php. Or you can specify the full base url explicitly using -url (in which case you don't need to use -host).

You must also specify a username and password. If you don't want to put the password on the command line, you can omit the -pass option, and the script will prompt for the password.

The cornerstone of the process is the edit script, specified with --editscript. By default, this script will be invoked as

 * script filename [ parms ]

where filename is a temporary file containing the wikitext of the page being edited, and parms is a list of any additional parameters (see below). However, if the -filter flag is specified, the script will be invoked as

 * script [ parms ]

and it will receive the current wikitext on its standard input, and is expected to write the edited text to its standard output.

Typically the bot is run to perform edits on many pages. The action of which pages to edit is determined by a driver script. The driver script is an ordinary text file consisting of one or more columns. The first column is the page name to edit. Any remaining columns are parameters to be passed to the edit script when editing that particular page. For example, when adding rhymes, the driver script might look like

bag   -æɡ dawn  -ɔːn fawn  -ɔːn thorn -ɔː(r)n ...

You specify the name of this driver file with -data.

You can provide an edit summary for the bot to use with -editsummary. You can have the bot mark its edits as minor with -minor.

Normally, it is an error if the bot tries to edit a page that does not exist. If your script might be creating new pages (perhaps because it is specifically an upload script), you should use --okaytocreate which will suppress the error if a page does not exist. If you're uploading pages which might already exist and which, if so, you do not want to overwrite, you can specify the -mustcreate option which will cause an error if the page does exist.

If there is a pre check script, it is specified with the -precheck option. The pre check script is invoked without arguments, with the (unedited) wiki text presented on standard input.

If the -checkdiffs option is present, wikised will effectively press the "Show changes" button and inspect the diff output. The analysis is currently rudimentary, just a count of the number of lines inserted and deleted. Specify the expected number of inserted lines with -ninsert and the expected number of deleted lines with -ndelete. (It is also possible for the edit script to communicate a variable, per-edit ninsert back to wikised.)

If there is a post check script, it is specified with the -postcheck option. The post check script is invoked without arguments, with the (edited) wiki text presented on standard input.

To avoid overwhelming the Wikimedia servers, the script normally waits a minute between each page edited. This delay can be configured with the -delay option.

To streamline the specification of the several different wikis and logins you might be using this script with, you can use the -loginconfig option which automatically sets the host, base url, username, and password based on a small database of frequently-used values.

To streamline the specification of all the information pertaining to a particular edit task, you can use a "master script". A master script is specified with the -f option, or as the first (plain) argument on the command line.

So there are potentially three different configuration scripts you might want to set up: the login config script, the master script, and the driver script. These three scripts are distinct: the login config script controls which wiki is logged in to, the master script controls which editing task is performed, and the driver script controls which specific pages are edited.

These three things are separated because I want to be able to control them separately. I want to be able to test a new edit script on my home test wiki and then, once it's working, without changing anything else, perform exactly the same edits on the live Wiktionary. Then, once I've performed some edits for one set of pages, I want to be able (again, without changing anything else) to run exactly the same edits on another (perhaps larger) set of pages.

Master script syntax
The master script is a set of keyword/value pairs, one per line. The keywords are:

 * host : set the host, just like the -host command-line option
 * baseurl : set the base url, just like the -url command-line option
 * driverscript : set the data driver script, just like the -data command-line option
 * reason : set the edit summary message, just like the -editsummary command-line option
 * minoredit : indicate minor edits, just like the -minoredit command-line option
 * okaytocreate : allow page creation, just like the -okaytocreate command-line option
 * mustcreate : force new page creation, just like the -mustcreate command-line option
 * delay : set the delay between edits, just like the -delay command-line option
 * checkscript : set the pre check script, just like the -precheckscript command-line option
 * editscript : set the edit script, just like the -editscript command-line option
 * filter : indicate that the edit script is a filter, just like the -filter command-line option
 * postcheckscript : set the post check script, just like the -postcheckscript command-line option
 * checkdiffs : request checking diffs, just like the -checkdiffs command-line option
 * expecteddelete : set the expected number of insertions, just like the -ninsert command-line option
 * expectedinsert : set the expected number of deletions, just like the -ndelete command-line option
 * username : set the user name, just like the '''-user command-line option
 * password : set the password, just like the -pass command-line option

title: User:Scsbot/wikised documentation


text:
pure finder

Noun

 * 1)  Someone who collected dog faeces for sale to tanneries (which used it as a siccative for bookbinding leather). Undertaken by poor people in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries.

title: pure finder


text:
ching

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) A pair of small bowl-shaped finger cymbals made of thick and heavy bronze, used in the music of Thailand and Cambodia.

Synonyms

 * chhing

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  A ringing sound, as of metal or glass being struck.
 * 2)  Money (from the sound of a cash register ringing up an amount).
 * 3)  A high-pitched mating call made by the male kakapo.
 * 4)  A knife.
 * 1)  Money (from the sound of a cash register ringing up an amount).
 * 2)  A high-pitched mating call made by the male kakapo.
 * 3)  A knife.
 * 1)  A high-pitched mating call made by the male kakapo.
 * 2)  A knife.
 * 1)  A high-pitched mating call made by the male kakapo.
 * 2)  A knife.
 * 1)  A knife.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:money.

Verb

 * 1) To chink or clink; to make a ringing sound, as of metal or glass being struck.
 * The cutlery was chinging as the boat swayed around on the sea.
 * 1)  To stab.
 * 2)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  To stab.
 * 2)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  To stab.
 * 2)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.
 * 1)  Of the male kakapo: to make its high-pitched mating call.

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1)  Cocaine.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:cocaine.

Noun

 * 1) claw

title: ching


text: hablando

title: hablando


text:
sopra

Etymology
. Compare older.

Preposition

 * 1) over
 * 2) more than
 * 3) above
 * 4) on, onto

Adverb

 * 1) up
 * 2) on top
 * 3) above

Noun

 * 1) top

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to blow

title: sopra


text: comiendo

title: comiendo


text: viviendo

title: viviendo


text: gehabt

title: gehabt


text:
User talk:Paulerix~enwiktionary

Please don't submit material from other websites. Doing so is a violation of copyright laws. Rod (A. Smith) 00:29, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Paulerix. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Paulerix~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:02, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:22, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paulerix~enwiktionary


text:
Talk:吶

Another Chinese pronunciation
I believe this character can also be pronounced "na" when in the context of the word "suona" (嗩吶, a type of wind instrument). 69.81.158.23 00:48, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

The article 呐 gives "na" as an alternate pronunciation, but this article does not. Should it?

 * Yes: is nà when used in . -- A-cai 23:22, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

So nè was a mistake? How did that pronunciation get into the article in the first place if the original text was dumped in from a database in an automated manner? 24.93.170.200 00:47, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

The nè pronunciation still appears at 呐, as well as at nè.

 * 呐 is nè or nà depending on the situation, but 吶 is only nà (as far as I can tell). I have not come across any authoritative dictionary which lists nè as a pronunciation for 吶.  -- A-cai 10:50, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Oh, I see now! Those crazy simplifiers used an already-used traditional character as a simplified form, creating confusion for everyone who comes after. I had thought one was simplified and one was traditional, so all the pronunciations ought to be exactly equivalent. I see now that this was not the case. 24.93.170.200 19:26, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:吶


text:
Talk:呐

Another Chinese pronunciation
I believe this character can also be pronounced "na" when in the context of the word "suona" (a type of wind instrument). 69.81.158.23 00:49, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Done. 24.93.170.200 06:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Different pronunciations
Can a section be added explaining in which contexts the two different Mandarin pronunciations are used? 24.93.170.200 06:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * done. -- A-cai 23:53, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:呐


text:
User:Scsbot/examples

Adding rhymes
Here is the edit script for adding rhymes. It accepts one additional parameter, which is the IPA pronunciation of the rhyme. Here is the pre check script called before adding rhymes. (It does a very simpleminded check for the string "Rhyme:" or "Rhymes:" and could therefore easily suffer false positives -- but that just means that the script won't add the rhyme. I'll worry about those in the next round.)

An example driver script for adding rhymes is:

bag   -æɡ dawn  -ɔːn fawn  -ɔːn thorn -ɔː(r)n

An example "master script" encapsulating the rhyme-adding process is

editscript addrhyme checkscript checkrhyme reason added English rhyme checkdiffs

Adding rhyme "breadcrumb" backlinks
Here is the edit script for adding breadcrumbs. It accepts one additional parameter, which is the IPA pronunciation of the rhyme. Here is the pre check script called before adding breadcrumbs. It makes sure that there isn't already a breadcrumb trail, and that the first line of the page (which the add script will be blindly inserting before) is the Pronunciation header.

An example driver script for adding breadcrumbs is:

Rhymes:English:-%C3%A6%C5%8B%C9%99%28r%29      æ       æŋə(r) Rhymes:English:-%C3%A6%C5%8B%C9%A1%C9%99%28r%29 æ      æŋɡə(r) Rhymes:English:-%C3%A6%C5%8B%C9%A1%C9%99%CA%8A æ       æŋɡəʊ Rhymes:English:-%C3%A6%C5%8B%C9%A1%C9%99l      æ       æŋɡəl Rhymes:English:-%C3%A6%C5%8B%C9%AA%C5%8B       æ       æŋɪŋ

(Notice that there are two additional parameters: the parent ("stressed on") pronunciation, and the pronunciation of the particular page.)

An example "master script" encapsulating the rhyme-adding process is

editscript addrhymepagebreadcrumb checkscript checkrhymepagepunc reason added breadcrumb backlinks checkdiffs expectedinsert 4

title: User:Scsbot/examples


text:
User:Scsbot/examples/addrhyme

file="$1" rhyme="$2" rhymebase="Rhymes:English:"

if test -z "$file" -o -z "$rhyme" then echo "arg count" >&2 exit 1 fi

lang="English"

 * 1) 1. find English section

 * 1) 1a. Find level-2 headers

l2hdrs=`grep -n '^== *[^=][^=]*==' $file`

if test -z "$l2hdrs" then echo "no level 2 (language) headers" exit 1 fi

nl=`echo "$l2hdrs" | grep -ic "^[1-9][0-9]*:== *$lang *=="`

if test $nl -ne 1 then echo "article has $nl sections for $lang" exit 1 fi

 * 1) find end of English section --
 * 2) either next level-2 header, or EOF

li=`echo "$l2hdrs" | grep -n "^[1-9][0-9]*:== *$lang *==" | sed 's/:.*//'` # line in $l2hdrs

el=`echo "$l2hdrs" | grep "^[1-9][0-9]*:== *$lang *==" | sed 's/:.*//'`   # line in $file

nl2=`echo "$l2hdrs" | wc -l`

if test $li -lt $nl2 then li2=`expr $li + 1` eoe=`echo "$l2hdrs" | line $li2 | sed 's/:.*//'` eoe=`expr $eoe - 1` else eoe=`wc -l < $file` fi

# now grab pronunciation lines between

 * 1) 2. Find Pronunciation header(s)

prohdrs=`line -f $el -t $eoe $file | grep -n '^==* *Pronunciation *='`

needprohdr=no

if test -z "$prohdrs" then echo "adding Pronunciation section" >&2 needprohdr=yes elif test `echo "$prohdrs" | wc -l` -gt 1 then echo "multiple Pronunciation sections in $lang section" exit 1 fi

if test $needprohdr = no then

 * 1) now find next header (any level) after target pronunciation header

proline=`expr "$prohdrs" : '\([^:]*\)'`

nxthdr=`line -f $el -t $eoe $file | grep -n '^=' | awk -F: "\\$1 > $proline {print; exit}"`

if test -n "$nxthdr" then nxtline=`expr "$nxthdr" : '\([^:]*\)'` else nxtline=`expr $eoe - $el + 1 + 1` fi

proline=`expr $el + $proline - 1` nxtline=`expr $el + $nxtline - 1`

 * 1) echo "pronunciation line: $proline"
 * 2) echo "next header line: $nxtline"

 * 1) now count blank lines preceding $nxtline

i=`expr $nxtline - 1` while test $i -gt $proline do if line $i $file | grep -q. then	break fi i=`expr $i - 1` done

else

# If there's an Etymology section, insert after that. # Otherwise insert at beginning of English section.

etyhdr=`line -f $el -t $eoe $file | grep -n '^==* *Etymology' | head -1`

if test -n "$etyhdr" then etyline=`expr "$etyhdr" : '\([^:]*\)'` firstline=$etyline else firstline=1	# in $el space fi

# find next header (any header)

nxthdr=`line -f $el -t $eoe $file | grep -n '^=' | awk -F: "\\$1 > $firstline {print; exit}"`

if test -n "$nxthdr" then nxtline=`expr "$nxthdr" : '\([^:]*\)'` else nxtline=`expr $eoe - $el + 1 + 1` fi

nxtline=`expr $el + $nxtline - 1`

i=`expr $nxtline - 1`

# now count blank lines preceding $nxtline

needtrailing=yes

while test $i -gt $firstline do if line $i $file | grep -q. then	break fi needtrailing=no i=`expr $i - 1` done fi

 * 1) now $i is line to insert after

nins=1 if test $needprohdr = yes then nins=`expr $nins + 2` if test "$needtrailing" = yes then	 nins=`expr $nins + 1` fi fi

( echo ${i}a

if test $needprohdr = yes then echo echo "===Pronunciation===" fi

echo "*:Rhymes: $rhyme"

if test $needprohdr = yes -a "$needtrailing" = yes then	 echo fi

echo. echo w ) | ed - $file

echo "expect $nins insertions"

exit 0

title: User:Scsbot/examples/addrhyme


text:
User:Scsbot/examples/checkrhyme

if grep -q "Rhymes*:" then echo "already has rhyme" exit 1 else exit 0 fi

title: User:Scsbot/examples/checkrhyme


text:
User:Scsbot/examples/addrhymepagebreadcrumb

file="$1" vowel="$2" syllable="$3"

ed - $file <<%EOF% 1i Rhymes » English » $vowel » $syllable

. w %EOF%

exit 0


text:
User:Scsbot/examples/checkrhymepagepunc

 * 1) !/bin/sh

x=`egrep -n '^== *Pronunciation *==|»'`

if echo "$x" | grep -q '[Rr]hyme.*».*[Rr]hyme.*».*[Rr]hyme.*»' then echo "already has breadcrumbs" exit 1 elif echo "$x" | grep -q '^1:== *Pronunciation *==' then exit 0 else echo "Pronunciation line not first" exit 1 fi

title: User:Scsbot/examples/checkrhymepagepunc


text:
on the down-low

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  In secret.
 * I'll tell you, but keep it on the down-low.
 * 1)  Secretly sleeping with someone other than one's partner.
 * 2)   Publicly identifying as heterosexual but secretly having sex with other men.

Usage notes

 * Also used as a predicate.

Synonyms

 * see also Thesaurus:covert

title: on the down-low


text:
scombral

Etymology
From,.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to mackerel.

title: scombral


text: scombri

title: scombri


text:
aurea mediocritas

Noun

 * 1)  The golden mean.

title: aurea mediocritas


text:
confirming

Noun

 * 1) An act of confirmation.

title: confirming


text:
in house

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Belonging to or part of an organization; internal.

Adverb

 * 1) Occurring within an establishment, using existing personnel, facilities, and supplies, as opposed to at some external supplier or customer.

title: in house


text:
golden ratio

Noun

 * 1)  The irrational number (approximately 1.618), usually denoted by the Greek letter φ (phi), which is equal to the sum of its own reciprocal and 1, or, equivalently, is the square root of the sum of itself and 1.

Translations

 * Arabic: الرَقْم الذَهَبِيّ
 * Bulgarian: златно сечение
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: gyldne snit, guddommelige forhold, det gyldne snit
 * Dutch: gulden snede
 * Esperanto: ora proporcio
 * Estonian: kuldlõige
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ოქროს კვეთა
 * German:
 * Greek: χρυσή τομή
 * Hebrew: יחס הזהב
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: gullinsnið
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 黄金比率
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: zelta griezums
 * Lithuanian: aukso pjūvi
 * Luxembourgish: Gëllene Schnëtt
 * Macedonian: златен пресек
 * Persian: نسبت طلایی
 * Polish: złota proporcja, złoty podział
 * Portuguese: proporção áurea
 * Romanian: secțiunea de aur
 * Russian: золото́е сече́ние
 * Slovak: zlatý rez
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: número áureo
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: อัตราส่วนทองคำ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: золотий перетин
 * Vietnamese: tỷ lệ vàng

title: golden ratio


text:
Rhymes talk:English/aɪdəl

Isn't the pseudo-namespace "Rhymes:" not "rhymes:"? --Connel MacKenzie T C 04:50, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It certainly is, but these pages were moved in the automatic decapitalisation. There are now therefore two pseudo-namespaces for rhymes. As far as I am aware, there are no duplicates, all "Rhymes" pages for which there are corresponding "rhymes" pages being redirects to the lower-case form. This will be sorted out at some point, no doubt. — Paul G 07:13, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Rhymes talk:English/aɪdəl


text: compact disk

title: compact disk


text:
globose

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having a globular form.

title: globose


text: globous

title: globous


text:
reneger

Noun

 * 1) A person who reneges.

title: reneger


text:
Talk:nix

In the interest of avoiding any more edit conflicts...I'll use the talk page. :-)

For entries that have more than one English etymology, WT:ELE dictates that each etymology should have its number and be at level three: ===Etymology 1=== or ===Etymology 2===. Consequently to that, each part of speech heading (noun, verb) then goes in as level 4 headings: ====Noun==== or ====Verb==== and everything else a level 5 heading below them.

With three different etymologies in this entry, it is not clear at all, which is which, for what, where. :-) It could use a little cleanup, anyhow.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 05:45, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * OK. Never mind.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 05:54, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Concerning the French translation : "rien" means "nil" ; we most ofter use "nada", "niet" (as in German and Spanish), but a typical French word for "nix" would rather be "quedalle". If anyone feels like editing...

Word of the day, etymology
According to the two reliable sources quoted the word stems undeniably from German and there was no mention of any Dutch word whatsoever. Because the word is chosen to be WOD for November 26., I shall not add the template for verification of any Dutch connection today, but tomorrow I intend to if the claim is not confirmed. Bogorm 13:15, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

it's proper dutch, as long as i remember the verb niksen also exists, it meaning doing nothing. i think the difference between niets and niks also has an aspect of immateriallity. what is left? niets. what does it matter? niks. the ks (or x) might be originally meaningbearing, compare 'lacks, laks', dutch and german accents also used to be closer and i were not surprised to find it in northern germany, as niks or probs. nieks. so the eng. ref. as a german dialect (from eg. hamburg) can still be correct. otoh doesn't walter scott use it somewhere? 24.132.171.225 01:14, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

First attested use in English is 1789. The sources talk about dialect German. I wonder if the first use is US or UK. Either could be consistent with either dialect German or Dutch origin. I get lost in the fine points, but the links between Holland and the UK were often very close then. This may not be resolvable except by saying the origin is germanic. DCDuring TALK 16:57, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

"Nix is a widespread word in col. German. I have no source to proove it, but i guess it has the same origins as the durch "niks" (homophone) since dutch and german are related very closely anyway... the fact that the variety from Hochdeutsch is different may be a result of the so called "hochdeutsche Lautverschiebung" --78.51.89.187 12:25, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

Declension error for nix, nivis
It should read nivium in gen. pl. Wrong template maybe? Pedicaboegovos 04:12, 3 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes. The error has been corrected. --EncycloPetey 04:24, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

It is nivium and it has not been corrected yet (user:Peter Demasure)

title: Talk:nix


text:
Magen

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) stomach, maw

Noun

 * 1)  or

title: Magen


text:
Mahl

Etymology
From (genitive ), from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  flour; meal ground cereal
 * 2)  powder; dust any result of grinding

Etymology 1
The same word as, from , from , from.

The sense “meal” developed from “mealtime” as also in cognate. Further cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The orthographic distinction from began in Early Modern German, probably in part under influence of etymology 2 below, which was then becoming obsolete. Later grammarians, at any rate, were in doubt about which of the two was the origin of the word for “meal”.

Noun

 * 1)  meal, repast

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a public assembly or council, especially for judicial purposes

title: Mahl


text:
Makler

Etymology
,, and  (compare modern 🇨🇬). There are conflicting statements about whether the Dutch word was borrowed from Low German, or vice versa. The further origin is uncertain, but the word seems to be eventually derived from the verb 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from or, here in the sense of “do business”.

For this verb see 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) broker, agent, middleman, negotiator
 * 2) realtor, real estate agent, estate agent

title: Makler


text:
mahnen

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to urge (someone) to do a specific, necessary task
 * 2) to beg fervidly
 * 3) to warn (someone) of (something) emphatically
 * 4) to remind pressingly, admonish

Usage notes
The preposition used with mahnen is an (this is the counterpart to e.g. of in the English equivalent to remind of). In older language instead of a prepositional phrase the genitive is common.

title: mahnen


text:
mahlen

Etymology
From, , from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to grind

Usage notes

 * This verb was conjugated as a class 6 strong verb (er mählt/muhl) up through the 17th century. Today the only remnant of this is the strong past participle gemahlen.

title: mahlen


text:
Mangel

Etymology

 * As a surname, variant of.
 * As a Jewish surname, from 🇨🇬.
 * As an English surname, variant of, from in Lancashire, usually said to be from the  name  (compare ) +.
 * As a surname, variant of, shortened from the personal name , a dialect form of.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Mangel is the 35582nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 632 individuals. Mangel is most common among White (88.13%) individuals.

Etymology 1
. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) lack
 * 2) deficiency (dietary)

Noun

 * 1) mangle

title: Mangel


text:
mangeln

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  for there to be a lack
 * 2)  to lack, to be needed
 * 1)  to lack, to be needed

title: mangeln


text:
manch

Etymology
From, from. The -ch is due to the traditional fricative pronunciation of non-initial -g- in Central German dialects. The spelling became predominant in Early New High German, possibly reinforced by the similar clusters in and. The original form has remained in, , , etc. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1)  many a; many; some

Usage notes

 * Only the inflected forms are commonly used in colloquial and informal German.
 * The bare form is sometimes used with a following adjective in literary German: manch schön er Tag instead of manch er schön e Tag – “many a beautiful day”. (Note the consequent change in the declension of the adjective.) The bare form without a following adjective is poetic.

title: manch


text:
Märchen

Etymology
Diminutive of the noun with, compare 🇨🇬. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fairy tale folk tale
 * 2)  fairy tale unbelievable story

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fairy tale
 * 2) fairy tale

title: Märchen


text:
Marke

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) mark (like trade mark), brand
 * 2) stamp (for letters)

title: Marke


text:
Markise

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) awning
 * 2)  marquise style of cut gemstone
 * 1)  marquise style of cut gemstone

title: Markise


text:
marquise

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A marchioness, especially one who is French.
 * 2) A marquee.
 * 3)   An oval cut gemstone with pointed ends.
 * 4)   A canopy, usually of glass, set as a shelter over a door opening onto a terrace or pavement.
 * 5)  A style of parasol of the mid-19th century.
 * 6)   A rich dessert made with dark chocolate, butter, sugar, cocoa powder, eggs, and cream.
 * 1)  A style of parasol of the mid-19th century.
 * 2)   A rich dessert made with dark chocolate, butter, sugar, cocoa powder, eggs, and cream.
 * 1)   A rich dessert made with dark chocolate, butter, sugar, cocoa powder, eggs, and cream.

Etymology
Feminine of.

Noun

 * 1) marchioness a member of foreign nobility
 * 2)  a type of finger-ring
 * 3)  awning, marquee projecting canopy over an entrance

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  a glass veranda
 * 2)  canopy overhanging or projecting roof structure
 * 1)  canopy overhanging or projecting roof structure

title: marquise


text:
Masern

Etymology 1
From obsolete, from , which is cognate with 🇨🇬, whence modern 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. The modern German form through later conflation with, which is probably related with the former.

Noun

 * 1)  measles

title: Masern


text:
Rhymes:English/iɪk

Pronunciation
,

Two syllables

 * geic
 * phaeic
 * rheic
 * theic

Three syllables

 * ambreic
 * apneic, apnoeic
 * arheic
 * caffeic
 * caseic
 * choleic
 * choreic
 * coffeic
 * croceic
 * cysteic
 * dyspneic, dyspnoeic
 * eupneic, eupnoeic
 * halmeic
 * luteic
 * maleic
 * morpheic, morphoeic
 * nucleic
 * oleic
 * Palaeic, palaeic, Paleic, paleic
 * pantheic
 * perseic
 * proteic
 * spiraeic
 * tropaic
 * tropeic
 * truxillic
 * ureic

Four syllables

 * agapeic
 * anthropeic, anthropoeic
 * apogaeic, apogeic
 * Arctogaeic, Arctogeic
 * bradypneic, bradypnoeic
 * cholerrheic, cholerrhoeic
 * diarrheic, diarrhoeic
 * dodonaeic
 * endogaeic, endogeic
 * endoreic, endorheic, endorreic
 * epigaeic, epigeic
 * exoreic, exorheic, exorreic
 * gadoleic
 * glossopoeic
 * gonorrheic, gonorrhoeic
 * haemaphaeic, haemapheic
 * hyperneic, hypernoeic
 * hyperpneic, hyperpnoeic
 * hypopneic, hypopnoeic
 * hypogaeic, hypogeic
 * hyporheic
 * ipomoeic
 * linoleic
 * leucorrheic, leucorrhoeic, leukorrheic
 * logopeic, logopoeic
 * logorrhoeic, logorrheic
 * melopoeic
 * menorrheic, menorrhoeic
 * metoleic
 * mythopeic, mythopoeic
 * neogaeic, neogeic
 * non-apneic, nonapneic, non-apnoeic, nonapnoeic
 * Notogaeic, Notogeic
 * orthopneic, orthopnoeic
 * pathopoeic
 * polypnoeic, polypneic
 * post-choreic
 * pyorrheic, pyorrhoeic
 * Sadduceeic
 * seborrheic, seborrhoeic
 * stenopaeic, stenopeic
 * syngeneic
 * tachypnoeic, tachypneic
 * zoogloeic, zoogleic

Five syllables

 * allogeneic
 * allomaleic
 * amenorrheic, amenorrhoeic
 * autogeneic
 * chloroproteic
 * dysmenorrheic, dysmenorrhoeic
 * eumenorrheic, eumenorrhoeic
 * endonucleic
 * galactorrheic, galactorrhoeic
 * glycoproteic
 * homocysteic
 * homogeneic
 * hyperproteic
 * hypoproteic
 * isogeneic
 * isoproteic
 * lipoproteic
 * myristoleic
 * meta-oleic
 * multiproteic
 * nitro-oleic, nitrooleic
 * oligorrheic
 * paramaleic
 * pharmacopoeic, pharmacopeic
 * physetoleic
 * polyideic
 * polynucleic
 * ribonucleic
 * ricinoleic
 * selacholeic
 * spermatopoeic
 * threonucleic
 * thymonucleic
 * xanthoproteic
 * xenogeneic

Six syllables

 * alpha-linoleic
 * antidiarrheic, antidiarrhoeic
 * antigonorrheic, antigonorrhoeic
 * anti-seborrheic, antiseborrheic, antiseborrhoeic
 * cryptochlorophaeic
 * deoxynucleic
 * heterogeneic
 * heteronucleic
 * merochlorophaeic
 * non-dysmenorrheic, nondysmenorrheic, non-dysmenorrhoeic, nondysmenorrhoeic
 * non-homogeneic, nonhomogeneic
 * non-xenogeneic, nonxenogeneic
 * nucleoproteic
 * oligonucleic
 * onomatopeic, onomatopoeic
 * palmitoleic
 * polymenorrhoeic, polymenorrheic

Seven syllables

 * arabinonucleic
 * hemi-allogeneic, hemiallogeneic
 * microribonucleic
 * non-onomatopeic, nononomatopeic, non-onomatopoeic, nononomatopoeic
 * oligomenorrhoeic, oligomenorrheic
 * semi-allogeneic, semiallogeneic

Eight syllables

 * deoxyribonucleic
 * ribonucleoproteic

title: Rhymes:English/iɪk


text:
mästen

Etymology
From the noun.

Verb

 * 1) to fatten

title: mästen


text:
go up

Verb

 * 1)  To move upwards.
 * 2)  To be built or erected.
 * 3)  To rise or increase in price, cost, or value.
 * 4)  To be consumed by fire.
 * 5)  To forget lines or blocks during public performance.
 * 6)  To attend university.
 * 7)  To be imprisoned.
 * He went up in the spring.
 * 1)  To appeal for a dismissal.
 * 2)  To go bankrupt; to be ruined.
 * 1)  To attend university.
 * 2)  To be imprisoned.
 * He went up in the spring.
 * 1)  To appeal for a dismissal.
 * 2)  To go bankrupt; to be ruined.

Antonyms

 * go down, descend

Derived terms

 * what goes up must come down

Translations

 * Arabic: صَعِدَ, imperfective: يَصْعَدُ
 * Egyptian Arabic: طلع
 * Basque: igo
 * Belarusian: падыма́цца, падніма́цца, падня́цца
 * Bulgarian: издигам се
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Esperanto:, supreniri
 * Finnish:, mennä ylös, , yletä
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀναβαίνω
 * Hebrew:
 * Ingrian: noissa, yletä, korota, kohota
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: ascendō
 * Ligurian: muntâ, montâ
 * Lombard:
 * Norman: monter
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: akyatin
 * Tetum: sa'e
 * Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎍𐎊
 * Ukrainian: підніма́тися, підійма́тися, підня́тися
 * Vietnamese:

 * Finnish: ,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: (hinnassa, arvossa),
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Japanese:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,

 * Finnish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,

 * Finnish: unohtaa vuorosanansa

 * Finnish:

 * Basque:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Hungarian:

title: go up


text:
crawl with

Verb

 * 1)  To include or be covered with swarms or large numbers of (something, especially insects or people); to have in great numbers or multitudes.
 * The kitchen was crawling with cockroaches.
 * The scene of the incident was crawling with reporters for days afterwards.

Usage notes

 * Usually used with continuous tenses (“crawling with”).

Translations

 * Russian: ,

title: crawl with


text:
Matrose

Etymology
, from, from , most likely from or less likely.

Noun

 * 1) seaman; sailor

title: Matrose


text:
matros

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) seaman, sailor.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) seaman

Etymology
From, from , from.

Etymology
, from, from , likely from. Possibly a compound of a word for "mat" or "food" together with an old cognate of, thus "bunk mate" or "food mate". Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) seaman, sailor

Etymology
, from.

title: matros


text:
distaste

Noun

 * 1) A feeling of dislike, aversion or antipathy.
 * 2)  Aversion of the taste; dislike, as of food or drink; disrelish.
 * 3)  Discomfort; uneasiness.
 * 4) Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.
 * 1) Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.
 * 1) Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, ,
 * Esperanto: malŝato
 * Irish: déistin, snamh
 * Italian:, ,
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Maori: aniwatanga
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish:

Verb

 * 1)  To dislike.
 * 2)  to be distasteful; to taste bad
 * 3)  To offend; to disgust; to displease.
 * 4)  To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.
 * 1)  To offend; to disgust; to displease.
 * 2)  To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.
 * 1)  To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.
 * 1)  To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.

title: distaste


text:
matroos

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, from , most likely from or less likely.

Noun

 * 1) sailor, seaman

title: matroos


text:
specific epithet

Noun

 * 1)  The second (uncapitalized) word in the scientific name of a species, following the name of the genus.

Usage notes

 * The term usually refers to the second element in the formal name of a plant, fungus, or bacterium. The corresponding element in the formal name of an animal is normally called its.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: lajiosa
 * French:
 * German: Artbeiname, Artname, Artzusatz , /Art-Epitheton, , Speciesbeiname, Speciesname, Artepithet
 * Japanese: 種小名
 * Polish: nazwa gatunkowa
 * Portuguese: epiteto específico
 * Romanian: epitet specific
 * Volapük: sotanem

title: specific epithet


text:
Matsch

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mud
 * 2) slush
 * 3) mush

Noun

 * 1) mud

title: Matsch


text:
retrieval

Noun

 * 1) the act of retrieving or something retrieved
 * 2)  the operation of accessing data, either from memory or from a storage device
 * 3) the cognitive process of bringing stored information into consciousness

Translations

 * Bulgarian: възвръщане
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Italian: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:

title: retrieval


text:
predetermined

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Determined in advance.

Translations

 * German:

title: predetermined


text:
mīla

Etymology
A nominalized form of, a dialectal variant of. Originally also dialectal, is first mentioned in the written language in the 18th century (1786), and introduced by Rainis in the literary language in the 19th century (1888).

Noun

 * 1) love positive romantic feeling for a specific person
 * 2) love positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.
 * 1) love positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.
 * 1) love positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.
 * 1) love positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.

title: mīla


text:
mila

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Numeral

 * 1) a thousand

Noun

 * 1) glasses
 * 2) hip

Number

 * 1) five

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  mile

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mile

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) tradition, custom

Etymology
Old Swedish mila, same as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, of unknown origin.

Noun

 * 1) a charcoal stack, an earth kiln

Verb

 * 1) heal

title: mila


text:
Meineid

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  a perjury, a deliberately false oath about something in the past
 * 2)  any broken oath, e.g. a vow later violated
 * 1)  any broken oath, e.g. a vow later violated
 * 1)  any broken oath, e.g. a vow later violated

title: Meineid


text:
meinen

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Germanic cognates include 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Indo-European cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Related to.

Verb

 * 1) to opine, to think; to believe; to suppose
 * 2) to say; to utter;
 * 3) to mean; to be convinced or sincere about something
 * 4) to mean; to have in mind; to convey
 * 5)  to mean; to signify
 * 1) to mean; to be convinced or sincere about something
 * 2) to mean; to have in mind; to convey
 * 3)  to mean; to signify
 * 1) to mean; to have in mind; to convey
 * 2)  to mean; to signify
 * 1)  to mean; to signify
 * 1)  to mean; to signify

Etymology 2
Inflected form of.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to mean, think, name

title: meinen


text:
real-valued

Adjective

 * 1)  Having only real values: having as its codomain the set of real numbers or a subset thereof.

Usage notes

 * Though logically it would seem that should contrast only with, , and so on, in practice it frequently also contrasts with . (This may be seen as an example of Q-based narrowing.)

Translations

 * Finnish: reaaliarvoinen
 * Italian: a valori reali
 * Polish: o wartościach rzeczywistych
 * Russian: ,

title: real-valued


text:
Mütze

Etymology
From, ultimately from , of unknown origin. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cap
 * 2) bonnet, reticulum, the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant

title: Mütze


text:
Müller

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) miller

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

title: Müller


text:
mezzisahs

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

The compound was obscured at an early time, within the Old High German period, which suggests frequent use. The original is first reduced to. The form containing -r- then appears still in the Old High German period, as which via, ,  becomes. 🇨🇬 has virtually exclusively; but compare a 12th-century Rhenish, whence r-less forms in contemporary 🇨🇬 (see , ).

Noun

 * 1) knife

title: mezzisahs


text:
matr

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (whence ), 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) food

title: matr


text:
matiz

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hue color or shade of color; tint; dye
 * 2)  nuance

Etymology
Back-formation from.

Noun

 * 1) hue
 * 2) * 2006, Alvaro Puig (J.), Recetas con aceite de oliva, Imaginador (ISBN 9789507685552)
 * "es"

- Su color es amarillo con matices verdes, y su aroma recuerda al pasto recién cortado.

 * 1)  nuance, overtone

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  extremely drunk, drunkard
 * 2) stoned

title: matiz


text:
molo

Noun

 * 1) catwalk, runway

Etymology
Probably an alteration of.

Noun

 * 1) penis

Etymology 1
From a derivative of.

Noun

 * 1) central piece of the Galician cart wheel, which is united on its extremes with the cambas, or curved pieces of the wheel's felly, and has in its center the wheel's nave

Noun

 * 1) A three-stringed lute, sintir

Etymology 1
Of origin, from, , itself from.

Noun

 * 1) jetty, pier, mole, quay, dock

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. See also English.

Verb

 * 1) to grind or mill

Descendants

 * Padanian:
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Oïl:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ribagorçan:, ,
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ribagorçan:, ,
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ribagorçan:, ,
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:

Etymology
From, via.

Noun

 * 1) a mole

Etymology 1
From, via.

Noun

 * 1) a mole

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pier

Interjection
(singular)

 * 1) hello, a greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone’s arrival or presence, also a welcome, into my village, home, or business!

title: molo


text:
Milz

Etymology
From, from , from. The feminine gender in modern German is from, reinforced by the analogy with other inner organs. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  spleen

title: Milz


text:
Mehltau

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from ; equivalent to +. The modern form through a secondary coincidence with, which is due to the regular vocalic development in Low German and some dialects of Central German; compare 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mildew

title: Mehltau


text:
mittawehha

Etymology
. Equivalent to. Presumably replaced earlier, from 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Wednesday

Descendants

 * Alsatian:
 * Italian Walser:, , , ,
 * Alsatian:
 * Italian Walser:, , , ,

title: mittawehha


text:
mitti

Noun

 * 1)  waist

Etymology 1
From, whence also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) middle

Etymology 2
From, whence also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) middle

title: mitti


text:
miðr

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) middle

Etymology 2
From earlier, by a regular sound change > , also observed e.g. in , , ,  (< ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from.

title: miðr


text:
scrubby

Adjective

 * 1) Covered with or consisting of scrub.
 * 2) Inferior in size or quality.
 * 1) Inferior in size or quality.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: обрасъл с храсти
 * Finnish: pensaikkoinen, pusikkoinen
 * Swedish: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:, ; , ,

Noun

 * : a small scrubber for light washing tasks.

title: scrubby


text:
miður

Etymology 1
From the, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) middle (referring to the middle of the thing modified by the adjective)

Inflection
Only used in the positive strong declension.

Etymology 2
From, from earlier , ultimately from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb
(comparative of )

 * 1) less
 * 2) worse, less well
 * 1) worse, less well

Derived terms

 * (to be sorry)
 * (to be sorry)
 * (to be sorry)

title: miður


text:
Ngindo

Proper noun

 * 1) A Bantu language of Tanzania.

title: Ngindo


text:
sambaztag

Etymology
From, an alteration (possibly dialectal, via ) of earlier, biblical , from , from , possibly from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  Saturday

Descendants

 * Italian Walser:, ,
 * Bavaria:
 * Carinthian:
 * Styrian:
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Bavaria:
 * Carinthian:
 * Styrian:
 * Udinese:, ,
 * Styrian:
 * Udinese:, ,

title: sambaztag


text:
sunna

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  sun, the Sun

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sunnah

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  sunnah

Verb

 * 1)  To give something secretly to someone.

Etymology
From, from , from <.

Germanic cognates: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Indo-European cognates: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  sun

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  sunnah

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sun

Etymology 2
.

Etymology
From. Masculine form of.

Noun

 * 1) sun

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sun

Etymology 2
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) an excuse
 * 2) justification
 * 3) law

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sun

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:non:sól

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sun

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sunnah

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) sunnah

title: sunna


text:
Ngoni

Noun

 * 1) A member of a particular ethnic group of East Africa, mainly living in Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia.

Proper noun

 * 1) The language of these people.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to the Ngoni or their language.

title: Ngoni


text:
User:RicDod

If you want to contact me please see my page on the English Wikipedia Thanks

title: User:RicDod


text:
boxers

Noun

 * 1)  Boxer shorts.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) boxer shorts

title: boxers


text:
sarkasmi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) sarcasm.

title: sarkasmi


text:
поезд

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) train

Noun

 * 1) train

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) train

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) train

Etymology
According to Dal, from and originally meaning a series of wagons following each other, a meaning preserved in. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  train, a line of connected railway cars
 * 2)  caravan, convoy, procession
 * 3)  a method of fishing, in which a fishing net is pulled by two side-by-side boats
 * 4)  a net used for this method of fishing
 * 1)  a method of fishing, in which a fishing net is pulled by two side-by-side boats
 * 2)  a net used for this method of fishing

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) train

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  train

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  train

title: поезд


text:
conveyancer

Noun

 * 1)  An attorney who passes transfer of immovable property from one party to another.
 * 2)  A pickpocket.
 * 3) * 1857, Mrs. Mathews (Anne Jackson), Tea-table Talk, Ennobled Actresses, and Other Miscellanies (page 209)
 * Then will Lincoln's Inn change its sombre hue to Lincoln green. There will be no conveyancers, i. e. no thieves, no pickpockets.
 * 1) * 1857, Mrs. Mathews (Anne Jackson), Tea-table Talk, Ennobled Actresses, and Other Miscellanies (page 209)
 * Then will Lincoln's Inn change its sombre hue to Lincoln green. There will be no conveyancers, i. e. no thieves, no pickpockets.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: aktebesorger
 * German:

title: conveyancer


text: interj

title: interj


text:
stitch up

Verb

 * 1) To join or close by sewing.
 * 2) To fabricate (e.g. a legal case).
 * 3) * 2014, Buckingham, N. (2014). Murder in the Cotswolds. United States: Belgrave House.
 * “But if you could somehow stitch up a case against me that would be fine with you, right?”
 * 2020, https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israeli-prime-ministers-corruption-trial-set-open-70855681
 * Netanyahu said police and prosecutors had conspired to “stitch up” a case against him
 * 1)  To maliciously or dishonestly incriminate someone; to set up (in the sense trap or ensnare)
 * 2)  To prank, trick, or deceive (a person), whether or not malice is intended.
 * 3)  To complete arrangements for (a situation), especially clandestinely or prematurely and for one's own benefit.
 * 1) To fabricate (e.g. a legal case).
 * 2) * 2014, Buckingham, N. (2014). Murder in the Cotswolds. United States: Belgrave House.
 * “But if you could somehow stitch up a case against me that would be fine with you, right?”
 * 2020, https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israeli-prime-ministers-corruption-trial-set-open-70855681
 * Netanyahu said police and prosecutors had conspired to “stitch up” a case against him
 * 1)  To maliciously or dishonestly incriminate someone; to set up (in the sense trap or ensnare)
 * 2)  To prank, trick, or deceive (a person), whether or not malice is intended.
 * 3)  To complete arrangements for (a situation), especially clandestinely or prematurely and for one's own benefit.
 * 1)  To prank, trick, or deceive (a person), whether or not malice is intended.
 * 2)  To complete arrangements for (a situation), especially clandestinely or prematurely and for one's own benefit.
 * 1)  To complete arrangements for (a situation), especially clandestinely or prematurely and for one's own benefit.
 * 1)  To complete arrangements for (a situation), especially clandestinely or prematurely and for one's own benefit.

title: stitch up


text: NEP

title: NEP


text:
newline

Etymology
From, during development of the  programming language and the  operating system.

Noun

 * 1)  The character or character sequence that indicates the end of a line of text and transition to the next line; or, a control code or escape sequence used in a programming language to denote this character.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: Zeilenumbruchzeichen, Newline-Zeichen
 * Polish: koniec linii, koniec wiersza
 * Spanish:

title: newline


text:
иногда

Etymology
. ; see for the origin of the last element.

Adverb

 * 1) sometimes, at times
 * 2) now and then
 * 1) now and then

title: иногда


text:
būti

Etymology 1
From ; present tense forms are from ; suppletive stem forms derive from. Compare identical situation in 🇨🇬. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to be
 * 2) to exist
 * 3) to become

Usage notes
The copular verb bū́ti may be omitted in the present tense. For example, the yrà is optional in the sentence: When omitting the present-tense copula, it is possible to add emphasis through a change in intonation, the addition of the pronoun, or the writing of a dash symbol (–).
 * Lietuvà (yrà) labaĩ gražì šalìs.
 * Lithuania is a very beautiful country.
 * Lietuvà – taĩ labaĩ gražì šalìs.
 * Lithuania – now that's a very beautiful country.

title: būti


text:
boxer shorts

Etymology
Named after the shorts worn by those who engage in boxing, as their elasticity is comparable to that of what boxers must wear for unhindered leg movement.

Noun

 * 1) Shorts worn as underwear by men.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: bokserbroek
 * Arabic:
 * Hijazi Arabic: سِروال, بوكسر
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 平角褲,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: bóxer
 * German:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: fobhríste dornálaí
 * Norman: boxeurs
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Rade: kăl sŏng
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бо̏ксерице
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: boxerkalsonger, ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: baksır, paçalı don
 * Vietnamese:

title: boxer shorts


text:
Talk:jockstrap

When looking for the etymology, I came across three differing origins, and have put them all here for interest. Andrew massyn 13:09, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) In 1897 the need was met as Charles Bennett, wizard of the sporting-goods manufacturer Sharp and Smith in Chicago designed the first jock strap. The original name was the Bike Jockey Strap, its insignia was a large bicycle wheel, and it was intended first for bicycle riders (who, at that time were called jockeys) and second for horseback riders. The athletic supporter became known as a "bike jockey strap" or "jock strap". Eventually it became simply a "jock".History of the jockstrap
 * 2) 1952, short for jockstrap "supporter of the male genital organs, used in sports" (1897), from jock slang for "penis" c.1650-c.1850, probably from Jock, the nickname for John, which was used generically for "common man" from 1508. Meaning "an athletic man" is from 1963, Amer.Eng. slang.Etymology Online
 * 3) noun a support or protection for the male genitals, worn especially by sportsmen. — ORIGIN from slang jock genitals.Jockstrap

Merge this and “jock strap” entry?
Hm? Blu Moon (talk) 23:13, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Reasonable idea. Which orthography is more common? DCDuring (talk) 02:26, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

a Google search indicates that “jockstrap” appears to be the accepted official spelling by several major English dictionaries; IDK if that’s sufficient Blu Moon (talk) 19:58, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:jockstrap


text:
Talk:different

Different than
This usage note (that isn't a ===Usage notes===) is just strange. I can almost understand what it is trying to convey about British English, but, not quite. "Expressed elliptically"? Indeed. --Connel MacKenzie T C 13:29, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I cleaned it up . Clearer? Rod (A. Smith) 23:41, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

More different than?
I believe that when used in the different than form, the adjective becomes incomparable, and thus it does not make sense to say more different than. WilliamKF 23:13, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

Different than
Can anyone explain to me how "different than" is ever correct? It's not a comparative word, is it? (The entry itself says "more different" is the comparative form.) And if it is, what is the superlative form? Difestent? --Buddy13 01:29, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Plenty of illogical, traditionally incorrect things in English are now acceptable through widespread usage. Equinox ◑ 19:56, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Not everything that's in widespread usage is correct, though. It would potentially be useful (for those learning English) to clarify the different variants.  "Different than" is widespread and accepted in less well-educated circles in the US but not common otherwise.  "Different to" is correctly claimed to be in widespread usage but still makes the speaker appear thick as a plank.  I take exception to saying that "different to" is more common in the UK, as the entry implies that it's somehow more correct.  "Different from", "Similar to".  Easy.  121.73.213.68

 * Re: "Not everything that's in widespread usage is correct, though": Of course it is, at least by any sensible definition of "correct". The only source of linguistic correctness is common usage. —Ruakh TALK 03:33, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

 * In my mind, when visualising "difference" there are two forms that I might want to use:
 * different than, which is essentially scalar. Two quantities A and B are being compared. A is different than B merely says they are different. As a British English speaker that sounds the least elegant to me, but there you go.
 * different from, where A different from B to me suggests A <- B, and that B is a basis for the comparison. This is then a vector, with directionality of comparison. Illuminatusds (talk) 10:37, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Usage note: "different from" more common in US?
See edit:. Can we confirm and/or source this? In my experience the British usage is nearly always "different from", whereas Americans often prefer "than". Equinox ◑ 14:25, 24 December 2017 (UTC)

 * In Ngrams, "different from" is by far the commonest for both US English and British English. Second place is "different than" in the US and "different to" in Britain. Of course, this includes sentences which are irrelevant to the question because "from/than/to" refer to something else (as in "he said something different to me"). But the margin is nevertheless big enough to show that "different from" is predominant in American writing. It may be otherwise in colloquial speech. --- For what it's worth, I think that "different than", though it may well have developed on its own, was reinforced in the US by German "anders als", Dutch "anders dan". 92.218.236.121 11:59, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅ The challenged statement seems to be gone now anyway. Equinox ◑ 14:27, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

not different
Don't say that one thing is ‘not different’ from another. If two things are alike, you can say that one thing is no or not much/very different from the other. https://www.wordreference.com/EnglishUsage/different --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:43, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:different


text:
Sycorax

Hypernyms

 * ; - suborder;  - infraorder;  - family;  - subfamily

Hyponyms

 * - type species

Coordinate terms

 * ,, - genera

Etymology
Named after Caliban's mother in 's play.

Proper noun

 * 1) A natural satellite of the planet Uranus

Translations

 * Japanese:

title: Sycorax


text:
line feed

Noun

 * 1) On a typewriter, the action of the carriage roller to push the page up one or more lines, often simultaneously with executing a carriage return.
 * 2)  The character (0x0a in ASCII) which advances the paper by one line in a teletype or printer, or moves the cursor to the next line on a display.
 * 3)  A signal that contains the content about to be broadcast on radio or television.

Translations

 * Finnish: rivinsiirto
 * German: Zeilenvorschub
 * Icelandic: línuskiptastafur
 * Turkish: satır atlatma, satır besleme

Verb

 * 1) To advance the page one line at a time, particularly in rapid succession.

title: line feed


text: sans-serif

title: sans-serif


text: pacifists

title: pacifists


text:
quant

Etymology 1
Shortening.

Noun

 * 1)  A quantitative analyst.

Etymology 2
. A borrowing from 🇨🇬 has been suggested, but the -a- is problematic.

Noun

 * 1) A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.
 * 2) A vertical shaft used to drive a millstone.

Derived terms

 * quant pole

Verb

 * 1)  To propel using a quant.

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  how many; how much
 * 2)  quite a bit; quite a few considerably

Etymology
.

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) how many; how much
 * 2) * (please note, the first word 'quant' corresponds to etymology 2 below)

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  how many; how much

Adverb

 * 1)  how many; how much

Etymology
.

Conjunction

 * 1) when

Adverb

 * 1)  when

title: quant


text:
CRLF

Pronunciation

 * occasionally /ˈkər ləf/
 * occasionally /ˈkər ləf/

Noun

 * 1)  The two-character sequence carriage return, line feed.

title: CRLF


text:
carriage return

Noun

 * 1) On a typewriter or computer printer, the action that returns it to the beginning of the next line.
 * 2)  The control character (0x0D in ASCII, abbreviated as CR) that originally signaled a device to perform a carriage return, but now merely indicates the end of a line of text.
 * 3) The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).
 * 1) The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).
 * 1) The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).

Translations

 * Dutch: wagenterugloop
 * Esperanto: ĉaretreveno
 * Finnish: telanpalautus
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: vending
 * Spanish: retorno de carro
 * Swedish: vagnretur, vagnåterföring

 * Afrikaans: wa-terugloop
 * Esperanto: ĉaretreveno
 * Finnish:, telanpalautus
 * French:
 * German: Wagenrücklaufzeichen
 * Swedish: vagnretur

 * Finnish: telanpalautus
 * French:
 * German:
 * Swedish: vagnretur

title: carriage return


text:
di sopra

Etymology
+

Adverb

 * 1) upstairs
 * 2) above

title: di sopra


text:
contour

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) An outline, boundary or border, usually of curved shape.
 * 2) A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth.
 * 3)  a speech sound which behaves as a single segment, but which makes an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another.
 * 4)  A general description giving the most important points.
 * 1)  a speech sound which behaves as a single segment, but which makes an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another.
 * 2)  A general description giving the most important points.
 * 1)  A general description giving the most important points.
 * 1)  A general description giving the most important points.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Lao:
 * Macedonian: оцрт, контура
 * Malay: kontur
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese: đường viền, đường nét

 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: korkeuskäyrä
 * French:
 * German:, , , Niveaulinie, Höhenschichtlinie
 * Greek:
 * Irish: comhrian
 * Lao:
 * Malay: garisan kontur
 * Maori:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: høydekurve
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese: đường đồng mức

Verb

 * 1)  To form a more or less curved boundary or border upon.
 * 2)  To mark with contour lines.
 * 3)  To practise the makeup technique of contouring.

Etymology
Deverbal of

title: contour


text:
di sotto

Etymology
From +. Compare French dessous, Romanian dedesubt.

Adverb

 * 1) downstairs
 * 2) underneath

title: di sotto


text:
Talk:universe

Om
Why is Om listed under "see also"? --Connel MacKenzie T C 14:30, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Probably because om is a translingual metaphysical synonym for universe. I don't think it belongs under "Synonyms" since the context, POS, and language of the two terms are misaligned. Rod (A. Smith) 23:48, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

"Dated or religious" capitalization?
Why, exactly, is the capitalization of the Universe, which is a proper noun, considered "dated or religious"? There is no justification for this and unless one is given, I'm tempted to remove this as erroneous. –Nøkkenbuer (talk • contribs) 07:27, 23 March 2015 (UTC)

Update: This issue has been resolved. –Nøkkenbuer (talk • contribs) 18:36, 28 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:universe


text:
Messe

Etymology
, from, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) fair (trade exhibition)
 * 2)  mass, the eucharistic liturgy

Etymology
From, from and , both from.

Noun

 * 1) Mass
 * Religion: chourch, priesth, parieshe, Gud, Messe, Cresst.

title: Messe


text:
Messing

Etymology 1
From the personal name  +.

Etymology 2
Borrowed from, a metonymic occupational surname for a brazier.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Messing is the 12289th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 2530 individuals. Messing is most common among White (92.69%) individuals.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) brass

title: Messing


text:
Metzger

Etymology
From, , variants of , , from , , of origin. Perhaps a variant of 🇨🇬,, from.

Noun

 * 1)  butcher

Usage notes

 * This is the most common term for this profession in the German language area, albeit not the preferred one in government and other official contexts in Germany.

title: Metzger


text:
Mieder

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) bodice

title: Mieder


text:
sotto

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1) * 1978–81, David Henderson, ‛Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky: The Life of Jimi Hendrix (1983), page 104:
 * Jimi’s guitar plays flat against the major chord, giving a strange, almost discordant effect. Mitch on drums is behind the bass sotto.
 * 1) * 2006 October 2nd, and, , “Pilot”, screenplay (revised first draft), act one, scene A (page 27):
 * Wolowitz:  Énchanté, mademoiselle. Howard Wolowitz, Cal Tech department of applied physics. You may be familiar with some of my work – – it’s currently toodling around the surface of Mars. Penny:   Hi. Penny. Wolowitz:   You smell wonderful. What is that scent you’re wearing? Penny:   It’s called b.o. Wolowitz:   Ah. Hence the shower, of course. Leonard, where have you been hiding this one? She’s charming. Sheldon:   (SOTTO, TO LEONARD)   Oh, he’s good.
 * Wolowitz:  Énchanté, mademoiselle. Howard Wolowitz, Cal Tech department of applied physics. You may be familiar with some of my work – – it’s currently toodling around the surface of Mars. Penny:   Hi. Penny. Wolowitz:   You smell wonderful. What is that scent you’re wearing? Penny:   It’s called b.o. Wolowitz:   Ah. Hence the shower, of course. Leonard, where have you been hiding this one? She’s charming. Sheldon:   (SOTTO, TO LEONARD)   Oh, he’s good.

Adjective

 * 1) * 1978–81, David Henderson, ‛Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky: The Life of Jimi Hendrix (1983), page 237:
 * Playing against the effect, Wood plays single sotto lines with a variation on the key that sustains a minor mode against the finely tuned feedback effects stroked in pinks against the upper canvas.
 * Playing against the effect, Wood plays single sotto lines with a variation on the key that sustains a minor mode against the finely tuned feedback effects stroked in pinks against the upper canvas.

Etymology
From, which is derived from Latin. Ultimately from, from. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * 1) under, beneath, underneath
 * 2) below, south of

Adverb

 * 1) down
 * 2) underneath
 * 3) below

Noun

 * 1) bottom

Etymology
From, from. Cognate to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * 1) below

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) person, human
 * 2) Ye'kwana speaker, Ye'kwana, Maquiritari

Numeral

 * 1)  twenty

title: sotto


text:
Miene

Etymology
, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) expression, face

title: Miene


text:
Miete

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) rent

Etymology 2
,.

Noun

 * 1) clamp heap of potatoes or other root vegetables stored under straw or earth

title: Miete


text:
Mistel

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) mistletoe

title: Mistel


text:
Möbel

Etymology
15th century, from, from. At first restricted to the Moselle region, more widely attested since ca. 1600.

. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  piece of furniture
 * 2)  furniture
 * 1)  furniture

title: Möbel


text:
meuble

Etymology
, used in juridical Latin to refer to movable possessions, the antonym being (> French ), used to refer to immovable possessions. .

Noun

 * 1) piece of furniture
 * 2)  charge
 * 3)  piece of personal property

Adjective

 * 1) soft, pliable, malleable

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  piece of furniture

title: meuble


text:
Möhre

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with obsolete 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  carrot

Usage notes

 * Möhre is the native word for carrot throughout central Germany and in many parts of northern Germany. In formal writing it is also quite common, although is yet more frequent.

title: Möhre


text:
scants

Noun

 * 1) A type of underwear worn by men.

title: scants


text:
Mohrrübe

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  carrot

Usage notes

 * Mohrrübe is the native word for carrot in most parts of north-eastern Germany including Berlin. In formal writing, however, and  are generally preferred.

title: Mohrrübe


text:
Rübe

Etymology
From, , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (modern ). Forms with back vowel in Upper German dialects are due to umlaut hindrance before labials, but 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 require a byform 🇨🇬. See also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc., all meaning “beet, turnip”. An ablaut variant underlies in 🇨🇬 (if it is not from Latin).

Noun

 * 1) beetroot
 * 2) turnip
 * 3) rutabaga
 * 4) carrot
 * 5) radish
 * 6) parsnip
 * 7) root parsley
 * 8) celeriac
 * 9)  Beta genus within the family Amaranthaceae
 * 10)  head, bonce, noggin
 * 1) parsnip
 * 2) root parsley
 * 3) celeriac
 * 4)  Beta genus within the family Amaranthaceae
 * 5)  head, bonce, noggin
 * 1) celeriac
 * 2)  Beta genus within the family Amaranthaceae
 * 3)  head, bonce, noggin
 * 1)  head, bonce, noggin
 * 1)  head, bonce, noggin

title: Rübe


text:
Mühe

Etymology
From, from , from the root of the verb. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) effort, difficulty

title: Mühe


text:
hot-dip

Noun

 * 1) A method of galvanizing iron or steel by passing it through a bath of molten zinc.

title: hot-dip


text:
hot-dipped

Adjective

 * 1) galvanized by use of the hot-dip process.

title: hot-dipped


text:
hot dipping

Noun

 * 1) galvanising by means of the hot-dip process

title: hot dipping


text:
Öse

Etymology
First attested in the 15th century in Central German,. Regarding this northern origin, it probably stems from, from , from , from. Alternatively, it may be related to ; compare.

Noun

 * 1) eye, eyelet fitting consisting of a loop of a solid material, suitable for receiving a hook
 * 2) lug

title: Öse


text:
Öhr

Etymology
From, , from , from an underlying (not attested outside High German), derived from.

Noun

 * 1) eye (of the needle)

Usage notes

 * Chiefly used in the pleonastic compound.

title: Öhr


text: hot favourite

title: hot favourite


text:
Ober

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Ober is the 8799th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 3724 individuals. Ober is most common among White (93.93%) individuals.

Etymology
Shorter form of.

Noun

 * 1)  waiter (usually the head waiter, but sometimes any waiter)
 * 2)  over knave, queen
 * 1)  over knave, queen

title: Ober


text:
hot favorite

Noun

 * 1)  The one of a group that is favored greatly above any of the others.

Translations

 * Dutch:, kakkernestje

title: hot favorite


text:
Oberkellner

Noun

 * 1) headwaiter

title: Oberkellner


text:
ober

Etymology
Verbal noun from, from (cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). Inflected forms in gr- or gwr- are from, from , cognate with 🇨🇬 (older forms with initial gwr-) and 🇨🇬 (all forms in gwr-).

Verb

 * 1)  to do, make
 * 2)  used as an auxiliary verb to conjugate any verb

Usage notes

 * All forms with initial gr- occur after the verbal particle (a, e) and mutate irregularly so that the initial g- disappears, e.g. a ran, e reomp instead of *a c'hran, *e c'hreomp. This oddity comes from the old forms in gwr-: the initial gw- was being lenited to w-, and then the -w- was dropped in both lenited and non-lenited forms.

Etymology
From, short for. Compare Dutch, which is also borrowed from German. In both Dutch and German, the distinction between ober/Ober and kelner/Kellner is now neglected.

Noun

 * 1) waiter

Preposition

 * 1)  over, above

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  head waiter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  waiter

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) giant

title: ober


text:
Nachtigall

Etymology
From, from , from. Related with and. Middle High German unstressed regularly yields modern  (compare the suffix  and words like ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (which see for more).

Noun

 * 1) nightingale bird

title: Nachtigall


text: hot flash

title: hot flash


text:
Narbe

Etymology
From, from the meaning of “narrow mark” or “closed wound”, related to the root (compare ) of 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) scar
 * 2)  stigma
 * 3)  sod, turf, sward the upper part/the surface of a lawn

title: Narbe


text:
hot flush

Noun

 * 1)  A sudden, but brief, sensation of heat over the entire body; a common symptom of the menopause.

Translations

 * Arabic: هِبَّة الْحَرَارَة, وَمْضَة سَاخِنَة
 * Catalan:, calrada, calorada, sufocació
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: nával horka
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: varmiĝo
 * Finnish: kuuma aalto
 * French:
 * Galician: fogaxe
 * German: Hitzewallung
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: vampata di calore,, , scalmana
 * Lithuanian: karščio pylimas
 * Polish: uderzenie gorąca
 * Portuguese: onda de calor,, calorão
 * Sicilian: quadanata
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: värmevallning, blodvallning

title: hot flush


text:
Nichte

Etymology
, from, from.

This form replaced High German (obsolete) in the 17th century. It is based on the Low German shift -ft-→ -cht- (compare ); hence cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Related to German. More at,.

Noun

 * 1) niece

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) niece
 * 2) female cousin

title: Nichte


text:
Neid

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) envy, jealousy

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) envy

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) envy

title: Neid


text:
hotfoot

Etymology
From, , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  The prank of secretly inserting a match between the sole and upper of a victim's shoe and then lighting it.

Adjective

 * 1) Moving with haste or zeal.

Adverb

 * 1)  Hastily; without delay.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * German: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To run (a distance).

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * German:

title: hotfoot


text:
hotfoot it

Verb

 * 1)  to hasten; to move rapidly

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * German: ,

title: hotfoot it


text:
hot off the press

Etymology
In hot-metal printing, newly printed material is warm

Adjective

 * 1) freshly printed
 * 2)  so interesting or sensational that its publication cannot be delayed

title: hot off the press


text:
níð

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Compare the 🇨🇬 from the 🇨🇬, which cognates with the 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) libel, defamation, abuse, calumny, invective

title: níð


text:
Talk:mercurial

Random unpredictable impulsive with good wishes
mercury the planet of luck and chance chance being random unpredictable impulsive with good wishes mercurial is not dark it is more it's speed and spontaneity mercury is light not heavy hence it's quickness —This unsigned comment was added by 213.39.170.48 (talk • contribs) 2006-06-24 15:30:03.

title: Talk:mercurial


text:
hot from the press

Adjective

 * 1) hot off the press

title: hot from the press


text:
Nerz

Etymology
From older, from , originally meaning "diver", from ,.

Noun

 * 1) mink

title: Nerz


text: hot gospeler

title: hot gospeler


text:
hot gospeller

Noun

 * 1) A person who proclaims religious faith in a loud or dynamic manner

title: hot gospeller


text: hot gospeling

title: hot gospeling


text:
hot gospelling

Noun

 * 1) The activities of a hot gospeller.

title: hot gospelling


text:
Niere

Etymology
From, from  , from  , from. The feminine gender is due to the frequent use of the plural, but spread from northern varieties southward; compare  (also 🇨🇬 ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and probably 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) kidney organ
 * 2)  kidney as food
 * 3)  testicle

title: Niere


text:
hot hatch

Etymology
, from. From being a -configuration, compact, that has some zip.

Noun

 * 1)  A high-performance hatchback small motor car.

Translations

 * Russian:

title: hot hatch


text: Nüstern

title: Nüstern


text:
Nutzen

Etymology 1
Nominalization of the verb

Etymology 2
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) benefit

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) benefit, use

title: Nutzen


text:
gelingen

Etymology
From, from , a prefixed form of , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to turn out well, to work out, to go smoothly, to succeed, to come off
 * 2) * 2011, Lorett Sachs, Glück (k)ein Geheimnis: Lyrik für viele Stimmungen, BoD – Books on Demand ISBN 978-3-8423-1699-7, page 7, poem Guten Morgen - neuer Tag:
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2011, Lorett Sachs, Glück (k)ein Geheimnis: Lyrik für viele Stimmungen, BoD – Books on Demand ISBN 978-3-8423-1699-7, page 7, poem Guten Morgen - neuer Tag:
 * "de"

- Deine Stunden, Augenblicke mal sehen, ob du gelingst.

 * 1) * 2011, Heiko Alexander, Erfolg beginnt im Kopf: Die Geheimnisse des NLP, C. H. Beck (e-book version without page numbers):
 * "de"

- […] Sie [können] zu einer Sache auch sagen: Du bist eine Kleinigkeit und als solche nehme ich dich wahr. Selbst wenn du mir jetzt nicht gelingst, wird mich das nicht aufhalten!

Usage notes

 * Chiefly used impersonally (i.e. in the third person). The other forms (first and second person) are uncommon and poetic.

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to succeed
 * 2) to happen to befall
 * 3) to be pleasing, to be satisfying

title: gelingen


text:
niozan

Etymology
From, akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to, to make use of
 * 2) to

title: niozan


text:
neotan

Etymology
From, akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to use, make use of, utilise
 * 2)  to enjoy

title: neotan


text:
njóta

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to enjoy

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to enjoy, to relish
 * 2) to benefit from

Derived terms

 * (to do somebody justice, give sby his/her due)
 * (to be alive, for others to have one's help, to be around)
 * Meðan hans nýtur við.
 * While he is around.
 * (of the sun; to be not shining)
 * Hér nýtur ekki sólar.
 * The sun doesn't shine here.
 * The sun doesn't shine here.

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to enjoy; to have the use or benefit of
 * 2)  to derive benefit from, profit by
 * 3)  to enjoy each other
 * 1)  to enjoy each other
 * 1)  to enjoy each other
 * 1)  to enjoy each other
 * 1)  to enjoy each other

title: njóta


text:
Universal Time

Proper noun

 * 1) A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping.

Usage notes

 * Universal Time (UT1) is determined from observations of the stars, radio sources, and also from ranging observations of the moon and artificial Earth satellites. The scale determined directly from such observations is designated (UTO); it is slightly dependent on the place of observation. When UTO is corrected for the shift in longitude of the observing station caused by polar motion, the time scale UT1 is obtained. When an accuracy better than one second is not required, Universal Time can be used to mean Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: უნივერსალური დრო
 * Spanish:

title: Universal Time


text:
Pfahl

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) (thick) stake, picket, pale
 * 2)  pale
 * 1)  pale

title: Pfahl


text:
Pfarrer

Etymology
From, from , probably from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  pastor clergyman who serves a parish

title: Pfarrer


text:
Pfau

Etymology
From, , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) peacock
 * 2)  the constellation Pavo

title: Pfau


text:
Pfeife

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) whistle
 * 2) pipe (for smoking)

title: Pfeife


text:
Pfeil

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Pfeil is the 12285nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 2531 individuals. Pfeil is most common among White (96.21%) individuals.

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) arrow missile
 * 2) arrow sign
 * 3)  mouse cursor

title: Pfeil


text:
Pfeiler

Etymology
From, from , borrowed from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pillar

title: Pfeiler


text: cooties

title: cooties


text:
Pfingsten

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Pfingsten is the 34390th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 659 individuals. Pfingsten is most common among White (95.75%) individuals.

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Pentecost

title: Pfingsten


text:
Pfirsich

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) peach

title: Pfirsich


text:
Universal Postal Union

Proper noun

 * 1) A worldwide postal organization, part of the United Nations.

title: Universal Postal Union


text:
Pflaster

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  plaster, cement, mortar, a mixture of gypsum, sand and chalk applied to floors
 * 2) specifically the pavement of a street or a street (which is no difference in old towns preceding the automobile), as well as the material from which it is made, cobblestone (Pflasterstein, Kopfsteinpflaster)
 * 3) * 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 34–35:
 * "de"

- Durch die noch leeren dunklen Straßen hallte der Hufschlag nahender Pferde auf dem feuchten Pflaster, lange ehe etwas von ihnen zu sehen war.

 * 1) band-aid, sticking plaster ; in general a poultice, bandage or other dressing of a wound (but now typicized to the aforementioned commodity)

title: Pflaster