text:
accordion

Etymology
First attested in 1831. From, from , from , from , based on. See also accord.

Noun

 * 1) A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.
 * 2)  A vertical list of items that can be individually expanded and collapsed to reveal their contents.
 * 3)     A set of items (concepts, links, or otherwise) that can be packed and unpacked cognitively, or their representation as a set of virtual objects.
 * 1)  A vertical list of items that can be individually expanded and collapsed to reveal their contents.
 * 2)     A set of items (concepts, links, or otherwise) that can be packed and unpacked cognitively, or their representation as a set of virtual objects.
 * 1)     A set of items (concepts, links, or otherwise) that can be packed and unpacked cognitively, or their representation as a set of virtual objects.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: akkordeon, trekklavier
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: አኮርዲዮን
 * Arabic: أَكُورْدِيُون
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: acordión
 * Azerbaijani: akkordeon
 * Basque: akordeoi; eskusoinu
 * Belarusian: акардэо́н
 * Bengali:, বাদ্যযন্ত্রবিশেষ
 * Breton: akordeon
 * Bulgarian: хармо́ника,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 手風琴
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 手風琴
 * Czech: akordeon,
 * Danish: trækharmonika, ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: akordiono
 * Estonian: ; lõõtspill
 * Faroese: harmonika
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:, , Handharmonika, , ,  ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: अकॉर्डियन
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: accordion
 * Irish: cairdín, acordán
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: аккордеон
 * Khmer: អគ័រដេអុង
 * Korean:, 수풍금
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: akordiyon
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin: accordio
 * Latvian: akordeons
 * Lithuanian: akordeonas
 * Macedonian: армоника, хармоника, акордео́н
 * Malay: akordion, tetarik
 * Manx: coardeen
 * Maori: kōriana
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: баян хуур, аккордеон
 * Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷ
 * Norman: accordéon
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: trekkspell, trekkspill, dragspell, dragspill, trekkharmonika, harmonika,
 * Nynorsk: trekkspel, dragspel, trekkharmonika, harmonika, akkordeon
 * Pashto: اکوردیون
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, harmonia ręczna
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: bogsa-ciùil
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: хармо̀ника
 * Roman:
 * Skolt Sami: garmaan
 * Slovak:, akordeón
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: kodiani,
 * Swedish:, ,  ,  , , ,
 * Tagalog: akordeyon, akurdyon
 * Tajik: аккордеон
 * Thai: หีบเพลงชัก, หีบเพลง, แอกคอร์เดียน
 * Tibetan: ལག་སྦྲེང
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Tuvan: аккордеон
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Uyghur: ئاككوردىيون
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: (風琴), đàn xếp (彈疊)
 * Volapük: tiraharmonöm
 * Welsh: acordion, cordion
 * Yakut: аккордеон
 * Yiddish: אַקאָרדעאָן

Verb

 * 1)  To fold up, in the manner of an accordion

title: accordion


text:
accordment

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  Agreement; reconcilement.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: accordment


text: accorporate

title: accorporate


text:
accostable

Etymology
Originally from, in later usage partly recoined from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Approachable; affable; willing to be accosted.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) approachable (of a person)
 * 2)  dockable (at which you can land a boat)

title: accostable


text:
accoucheur

Etymology
Attested since 1727. Borrowed from, from , from , from , from +. See.

Noun

 * 1)  A person, especially a man, who delivers a baby (in childbirth).

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: պապհեր ,
 * Burmese: ယောက်ျားလက်သည်
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 男接生员
 * Czech: porodní dědek
 * Dutch: vroedmeester,
 * Esperanto:
 * French: ,
 * German:, , Entbindungshelfer
 * Hindi:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 산부인과의사
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: parteiro
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: matrón
 * Vietnamese: người đỡ đẻ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) midwife (male)
 * 2) obstetrician

title: accoucheur


text:
accountableness

Noun

 * 1) The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.

title: accountableness


text:
accountantship

Noun

 * 1) The office or employment of an accountant.

title: accountantship


text:
accoy

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to en.

Verb

 * 1)  To soothe, to calm; to assuage, to subdue.

title: accoy


text:
accrementitial

Adjective

 * 1)  Pertaining to accrementition.

title: accrementitial


text:
accrementition

Etymology
See,.

Noun

 * 1)  The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.

title: accrementition


text:
accresce

Etymology
From. . See.

Verb

 * 1)  To accrue.
 * 2)  To increase; to grow.

title: accresce


text:
accroach

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Verb

 * 1)  To hook, or draw to oneself as with a hook.
 * 2)  To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.
 * 3)  To encroach.
 * 1)  To encroach.

title: accroach


text:
accroachment

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  An encroachment; usurpation.

title: accroachment


text:
accrual

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of accruing; accumulation.
 * 2) An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose
 * 3)  from the creditor's viewpoint, a charge incurred in one accounting period that has not been, but is to be, paid by the end of it.
 * 4)  Recruitment (of participants) to a clinical trial.
 * 1)  from the creditor's viewpoint, a charge incurred in one accounting period that has not been, but is to be, paid by the end of it.
 * 2)  Recruitment (of participants) to a clinical trial.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: kertymä
 * German:, Auflaufen, Zugewinn, , , , Anwachsen, , Hinzukommen,
 * Italian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: siirtovelka
 * German: abgegrenzte Schulden, Abgrenzungsposten, Rechnungsabgrenzungsposten, Rückstellung
 * Indonesian: akrual
 * Italian:
 * Malay: akruan

title: accrual


text:
accruer

Noun

 * 1)  The act of accruing; accretion.
 * title by accruer

title: accruer


text: accrument

title: accrument


text:
accumulative

Adjective

 * 1) Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass
 * 2) Having a propensity to amass; acquisitive.
 * 1) Having a propensity to amass; acquisitive.
 * 1) Having a propensity to amass; acquisitive.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: akkumulatiivinen
 * Italian: accumulativo, accumulativa
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: acumulativo

title: accumulative


text:
accurate

Etymology

 * First attested in the 1610's with the obsolete sense "done with care", and from the 1650's with the sense "precise, exact".
 * From, perfect past participle of ; from + , from.
 * Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) Telling the truth or giving a true result; exact; not defective or faulty
 * 2) Deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits.
 * 3)  Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.
 * 1) Deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits.
 * 2)  Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.
 * 1) Deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits.
 * 2)  Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.
 * 1)  Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.

Usage notes

 * We speak of a thing as correct with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a correct account, a correct likeness, a man of correct deportment.
 * We speak of a thing as accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an accurate detail of particulars.
 * We speak of a thing as exact with reference to that perfected state of a thing in which there is no defect and no redundancy; as, an exact coincidence, the exact truth, an exact likeness.
 * We speak of a thing as precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a precise conformity instructions; precisely right; he was very precise in giving his directions.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَضْبُوط,
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: дакладны́
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:, , , ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: ზუსტი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀκριβής
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: nákvæm
 * Indonesian:, , , ,
 * Ingrian: tocnoi
 * Interlingua:, precise, exacte,
 * Irish: beacht
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: precīzs
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: то́чен, пре́цизен
 * Malay: tepat,
 * Norman: juste
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , , ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cinnteach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: то̏чан, та̏чан, пре̏цӣзан
 * Roman:, ,
 * Slovak: presný
 * Slovene: natančen
 * Spanish:, , , ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: som stämmer
 * Telugu: ఖచ్చితమైన
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,,
 * Ukrainian:, докла́дний
 * Vietnamese:, ,

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) carefully, precisely, exactly

title: accurate


text:
accurately

Adverb

 * 1) In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:exactly

Translations

 * Catalan:, ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: trafe
 * Finnish:, , , ,
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀτρεκέως
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: secara akurat, secara teliti, secara cermat
 * Interlingua: exactemente, precisemente, accuratemente
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:, , celnie,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, тачно, , то̏чно, , пре̏цӣзно

title: accurately


text:
acetary

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) An acid pulp in certain fruits, such as the pear.

title: acetary


text: Achean

title: Achean


text:
achene

Alternative forms

 * akene
 * akene

Etymology
From and its source,, from  +.

Noun

 * 1)  A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup.

Usage notes

 * Early botanists referred to achenes as naked seeds.

Translations

 * Catalan: aqueni
 * Czech: nažka
 * Dutch: dopvrucht
 * Esperanto: akeno
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ; genera Fragaria and Rosa:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: aicéin
 * Italian:
 * Lombard: achénio
 * Norwegian: akene
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: nötfrukt
 * Tagalog: binhimbunga
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh: achen

title: achene


text:
first name

Noun

 * , particularly when it forms the first element of a full name.

Usage notes
Although is more common in all dialects of English,, , etc. are increasingly preferred for clarity in multicultural contexts because of East Asian and other cultural traditions in which given names are placed after the surname instead of before it.

title: first name


text:
true name

Noun

 * 1)  The unique name of an entity, which can be used to control or manipulate that entity.

title: true name


text:
rag week

Etymology 1
From, possibly from the verb.

Noun

 * 1)  An annual event in many universities where students engage in unusual activities to raise money for charity.

Etymology 2
From. From the former use, by women, of rags to protect their clothing from menstrual blood.

Noun

 * 1)  The days of the month when a woman has her period.

title: rag week


text:
plural

Etymology
From, from , borrowed from , from , +.

Adjective

 * 1) Consisting of or containing more than one of something.
 * 2)  In systems of number, not singular or not singular or dual.
 * 3)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  In systems of number, not singular or not singular or dual.
 * 2)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.
 * 1)  Having some form of multiplicity, especially dissociative identity disorder.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: plurnombra
 * Finnish:, monikko-
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: Plural-,, , , Mehrzahl-
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πληθυντικός
 * Hebrew: לשון רבים
 * Icelandic: fleir-, marg-, fleirtölu-, í fleirtölu
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: plūrālis
 * Ligurian: plurâle
 * Malay:
 * Occitan:
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: iolra
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: множински, плурални
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: множи́нний, чисельний
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:

Noun

 * 1)  The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.
 * 2)  A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.
 * 3)  A person with some form of multiplicity, particularly dissociative identity disorder.
 * 4) * 2020, Tynan Drake, "Intersectional Representation: LGBTQ+ and neurodiverse voices in transmedia fiction", paper submitted to Ball State University, page 14:
 * Autistics, plurals, and gender nonconforming individuals are all stigmatized as not being capable of understanding their own experiences and are repeatedly attacked with narratives intended to make them doubt their own emotions, memories, and sense of self.
 * 1) * 2020, Tynan Drake, "Intersectional Representation: LGBTQ+ and neurodiverse voices in transmedia fiction", paper submitted to Ball State University, page 14:
 * Autistics, plurals, and gender nonconforming individuals are all stigmatized as not being capable of understanding their own experiences and are repeatedly attacked with narratives intended to make them doubt their own emotions, memories, and sense of self.
 * 1) * 2020, Tynan Drake, "Intersectional Representation: LGBTQ+ and neurodiverse voices in transmedia fiction", paper submitted to Ball State University, page 14:
 * Autistics, plurals, and gender nonconforming individuals are all stigmatized as not being capable of understanding their own experiences and are repeatedly attacked with narratives intended to make them doubt their own emotions, memories, and sense of self.

Usage notes

 * Many languages have singular for one item and plural for more than one item. Some languages also have a dual form for two, a trial form for three, or a paucal form for several (e.g. Fijian). Other languages do not distinguish any of these categories.
 * While the plural form generally refers to two or more persons or things, that is not always the case. The plural form is often used for zero persons or things, for fractional things in a quantity that is not equal to one, and for people or things when the quantity is unknown.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: мно́жны лік
 * Bulgarian: мно́жествено число́
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: көптік жалғау
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Latin: pluralis, numerus multitudinis,, pluralitas
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: множина,
 * Mongolian: олон тоо
 * Northern Sami:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, мн. ч., мн.
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: множѝна, плу̀ра̄л
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: množné číslo,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: maramihan
 * Tajik:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uyghur: كۆپلۈك سان
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: מערצאָל

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: мно́жны лік
 * Bulgarian: мно́жествено число́
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:, მრავლობითი რიცხვი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: többes számú alak
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian: bentuk jamak
 * Ingrian: monikko
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer: ពហុវចនៈ
 * Korean: 복수형(複數形),
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پڕژمار
 * Lao: ພະຫຸພົດ
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish: ,
 * Macedonian: множина
 * Middle Persian: ws
 * Mongolian: олон тоо
 * Navajo: díkwíjíltʼéego, naaki dóó baʼąą, tááʼ dóó baʼąą
 * Norman: pluriel
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: maniġfeald
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: iolra
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: множина, плурал
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: množné číslo,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tajik:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Votic: mõnikko
 * Walloon:
 * West Frisian:

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) plural, large

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) pluralistic

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from , +. Compare to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * : consisting of or containing more than one of something.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  plural

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) plural

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  consisting of more than one things

Noun

 * 1)   word referring to multiple things

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * , multiple

title: plural


text:
Appendix:Lojban/zukte

Root

 * 1) act;  is a volitional entity employing means/taking action  for purpose/goal  /to end.

Derived terms

 * i.e.: (see cmavo-form of zu'e)
 * i.e.:
 * i.e.:

title: Appendix:Lojban/zukte


text:
User:Eclecticology/Sandbox

New issue: There are now several links from articles marked like Shakespeare (source). That article is a redirect to Shakespeare which in turn redirects to William Shakespeare. That's where it should end-up. The path getting there is the problem, and the redirect entry in Wiktionary is not accessible for amendment since the trace back to the first redirect in Wiktionary does not show up on the Wikipedia article. -Ec

 * Workaround: http://wiktionary.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Shakespeare%20(source)&redirect=no

 * Deleted: http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Undelete

Translations in columns
Top

"5 pink boxes

aa

title: User:Eclecticology/Sandbox


text:
homeworld

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  The world on which someone or something originated; a home planet or moon.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: hejmmondo, hejmomondo, hejma mondo
 * German: Heimatwelt
 * Spanish: planeta natal, mundo natal

title: homeworld


text:
outer space

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) Region outside explored space.
 * 2) Any region of space beyond limits determined with reference to boundaries of a celestial system or body, especially the region of space immediately beyond Earth's atmosphere; sometimes, space beyond Earth's solar system.
 * 3) A bluish shade of black.

Translations

 * Arabic: فَضَاء خَارِجِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: kosmik fəza, kosmos
 * Bashkir: йыһан
 * Belarusian: касмі́чная прасто́ра,
 * Bulgarian: косми́ческо простра́нство,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: kosmický prostor
 * Danish: ydre rum
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ulkoavaruus
 * French: espace cosmique,
 * Georgian: კოსმოსი, ღია კოსმოსი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: અંતરિક્ષ
 * Hebrew: החלל החיצון
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: útgeimur
 * Italian: spazio cosmico,, spazio esterno
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: ғарыш
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:, 우주 공간(宇宙空間)
 * Kyrgyz: космос
 * Lao:
 * Macedonian: вселенски простор
 * Malay: angkasa lepas
 * Maori: tuarangi
 * Navajo: yágháhonikáán, yágháhookáán, yáhoníkáán
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: verdensrom, ytre rom
 * Persian:, اسپاش, فضای بیرونی, فضای کیهان
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, spațiu interplanetar,
 * Russian:, откры́тый ко́смос, косми́ческое простра́нство
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: све̏мӣр, васио́на, васељена, космос
 * Roman:, , vaseljena,
 * Slovak: kozmický priestor
 * Slovene: vesoljski prostor
 * Spanish:, espacio cósmico
 * Swedish: yttre rymden
 * Tajik:, фазои берунӣ, фазои кайҳон
 * Tatar: галәми фәза,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: dış uzay
 * Ukrainian: космі́чний про́стір, ко́смос
 * Urdu: فَضائے بَسیط
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:

title: outer space


text:
avatar

Etymology
Attested 1784, borrowed from  /, from , a compound of  and the vṛddhi-stem of the root.

In computing use, saw some use in 1980s videos games – 1985 online role-playing game Habitat by Lucasfilm Games (today ), by and, later versions of the Ultima series (following religious use in 1985 '), and 1989  role-playing game . Popularized by the 1992 novel ' by.

Noun

 * 1)   An incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.
 * 2)  The embodiment of an idea or concept; an, especially a personification or.
 * 3)   A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.
 * 4)   A simple and static or nearly static digital representation of a person or being in the form of a small digital object, used online as a simulacrum or token of a person or that person's online alter ego, in any digital environment but especially in non-virtual, non-metaversal ones.
 * 1)   A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.
 * 2)   A simple and static or nearly static digital representation of a person or being in the form of a small digital object, used online as a simulacrum or token of a person or that person's online alter ego, in any digital environment but especially in non-virtual, non-metaversal ones.
 * 1)   A simple and static or nearly static digital representation of a person or being in the form of a small digital object, used online as a simulacrum or token of a person or that person's online alter ego, in any digital environment but especially in non-virtual, non-metaversal ones.
 * 1)   A simple and static or nearly static digital representation of a person or being in the form of a small digital object, used online as a simulacrum or token of a person or that person's online alter ego, in any digital environment but especially in non-virtual, non-metaversal ones.
 * 1)   A simple and static or nearly static digital representation of a person or being in the form of a small digital object, used online as a simulacrum or token of a person or that person's online alter ego, in any digital environment but especially in non-virtual, non-metaversal ones.

Translations

 * Assamese: অৱতাৰ
 * Bengali:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: avataro
 * Finnish:, inkarnaatio
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: ავატარა
 * German:, , Herabkunft,
 * Greek: αβατάρα
 * Gujarati: અવતાર
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: avatar, awatara
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 天降,
 * Kannada:
 * Khmer:
 * Malayalam:, അവതാർ
 * Marathi: अवतार
 * Odia: ଅବତାର
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sindhi: اوتار
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: аватар, аватара
 * Urdu: اَوتار

 * Arabic: أَفَاتَار
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: avataro
 * Finnish: ruumiillistuma, ,
 * French:, , ,
 * Georgian: განსხეულება, პერსონიფიკაცია
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese:, アバター
 * Korean:
 * Malayalam:
 * Marathi: अवतार
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: materialización,
 * Thai:, บุคลาธิษฐาน
 * Ukrainian: втілення, персоніфікація

 * Arabic: أَفَاتَار
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 紙娃娃,
 * Czech: avatar
 * Dutch:, ava
 * Esperanto: avataro
 * Finnish:, virtuaalihahmo,
 * French:, , ,
 * Georgian: ავატარი
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Indonesian: avatar
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese: アバター
 * Korean:
 * Maori: tuatangata
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:, อวทาร์
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: аватар

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) avatar earthly incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu
 * 2)  avatar physical embodiment of an idea or concept
 * 3)  avatar digital representation of a person or being
 * 1)  avatar digital representation of a person or being

Etymology
From  /, from , a compound of  and the vṛddhi-stem of the root.

Noun

 * 1)  avatar
 * 2)  avatar

Etymology
Borrowed from, from  / , from , a compound of  and the vṛddhi-stem of the root. .

Noun

 * 1)  the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.
 * 2)  a digital representation of a person or being; often, it can take on any of various forms, as a participant chooses. e.g. 3D, animated, photo, sketch of a person or a person's alter ego, sometimes used in a virtual world or virtual chat room.
 * 1)  a digital representation of a person or being; often, it can take on any of various forms, as a participant chooses. e.g. 3D, animated, photo, sketch of a person or a person's alter ego, sometimes used in a virtual world or virtual chat room.
 * 1)  a digital representation of a person or being; often, it can take on any of various forms, as a participant chooses. e.g. 3D, animated, photo, sketch of a person or a person's alter ego, sometimes used in a virtual world or virtual chat room.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (all senses)

Etymology
, from. The computing sense comes from.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  vicissitudes, ups and downs
 * 1)  vicissitudes, ups and downs

Noun

 * 1)  an
 * 2) an  (representing a user on an internet forum, a player in a video game, or the like)

title: avatar


text:
Talk:avatar

Smiley?
Hello,

Is avatar synonym of smiley ?

Youssefsan, who doesn't know very well English

 * Avatar is not normally synonymous with smiley, it sounds like the context you are asking about might be forums on the internet or other similar things, the avatar in this case would be the image that the user has next to their name, as opposed to the signature image which would be below each post. A smiley is of course the little inline emoticon that people enjoy including :) - TheDaveRoss 00:35, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Avatara
Usage suggests avatara is the plural of avatar. Please clarify. 69.3.72.249 19:54, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:avatar


text:
Talk:馬

Why is this word, in a character set that can't be displayed in my browser, in the English wiktionary? -- Zoe

 * Because it provides a definition and translation of the word into English. --Brion
 * Because you haven't yet gotten around to install the wonderful application known as Unicode. Wakuran 11:31, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Japanese section's other info:
This seemed really encyclopedic and not very useful but still of interest. I'm not sure what to do with it:

The Kun reading /uma/ may be used alone as a word for horse or as part of another word. The On reading is usually part of a word, for example 乗馬 (じょうば /zyooba/ "horseback riding") or 駟馬 (しめ /sime/ or しば /siba/ "a set of four horses for drawing a carriage"). /ma-/ is not an On reading and is rather a bound morpheme attested since the Old Japanese period. It has not appeared alone as a free word since the earliest Japanese anthology, the Manyoshu, but it still lingers on in Modern Japanese in such forms as /ma-gusa/ (hay; fodder for horses or cattle) and /ma-guso/ (horse droppings). As for the etymological relationship between the Japanese Kun readings, the form /uma/ has probably evolved from an older form /mima/, which is actually attested in compounds and names of Emperors in Old Japanese and still appears in toponyms (placenames) even today. /mima/ itself was probably a compound of the Old Japanese honorific prefix /mi-/, which had the same function as Modern Japanese /o-/, and the original Japanese root for "horse," i.e. */ma/. In the same manner as */mi-ma/ became fossilized as /mima/ and later eroded into /muma/ or /uma/, the Chinese loanword /tya/ (tea) has been prefixed with the more recent Japanese honorific prefix /o-/ and become fixed as /o-tya/(pronounced "ocha") no matter whether a speaker really wants to indicate respect toward the tea or its provider. No one says just /tya/ ("cha") in Modern Japanese, just as no one says just /ma-/; one has to say "uma."

- Millie 18:20, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

New template
The new "Han character" template, with its two columns, is just not working in this case. It's confusing and the right column is very thin whereas the left column is huge. Badagnani 22:32, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * That's the very long (and not properly formatted) link, combined with a window size comparatively too small. The link needs to be fixed ... will do. There's lots of junky things in some of these entries. Robert Ullmann 22:42, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Can you make comments like this on the template talk page or on my talk? Otherwise I may miss them. Robert Ullmann 22:42, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

RFV discussion: March–April 2022
Chinese. Rfv-sense: Ma (a village in Dongsong, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China). RcAlex36 (talk) 19:14, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 09:52, 19 April 2022 (UTC)

Etymology Nihon Shoki source
"Recorded in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as having been brought over from the Korean peninsula kingdom of Baekje, with the earlier reading of ma."
 * You added this:

Where's your sources or at least the original text of Shoki where it states this?

Nowhere in the KDJ2 entry does it mention or Korea. So again, where's your sources? Chuterix (talk) 14:21, 15 June 2023 (UTC)

 * This is also why I added to this purported attestation. Again, pinging . Chuterix (talk) 14:22, 15 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Repinging you again. Chuterix (talk) 03:41, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:馬


text:
alien

Etymology
From, a borrowing from , , from , from , from. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.
 * 2)  A person in a country not their own.
 * 3) Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.
 * 4) One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged.
 * 1) Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.
 * 2) One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged.
 * 1) Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.
 * 2) One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged.
 * 1) One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged.
 * 1) One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged.

Synonyms

 * ; see also Thesaurus:foreigner
 * See also Thesaurus:extraterrestrial
 * See also Thesaurus:extraterrestrial

Translations

 * Albanian: (i/e)
 * Arabic:, غَرِيبَة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: gəlmə
 * Bulgarian:, чужденка́
 * Catalan:, , ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: alilandano, fremdulo
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: უცხო
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: अजनबी
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: coimhthíoch
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:, 이국인(異国人)
 * Latin: peregrīnus,
 * Macedonian: туѓо́земец, ту́ѓинец
 * Maori: tarutawhiti, tautangata
 * Middle English: alien
 * Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭲𐭪
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: coigreach, coimheach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: изванзема́љац, свеми́рац
 * Roman: ,
 * Sicilian:, strana, furisteri, furistera
 * Spanish:, , advena
 * Swedish:
 * Tctar: ят,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: чужи́нець, чужи́й, прибу́лець
 * Urdu:

 * Albanian: (i/e)
 * Arabic: أَجْنَبِيّ, أَجْنَبِيَّة
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Bulgarian:, чужденка́
 * Catalan:, , ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto: alilandano, fremdulo
 * Finnish:, , vierasmaalainen
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: უცხოელი, უცხოტომელი
 * German:, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: coimhthíoch
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, , 異邦人
 * Korean:, 이국인(異国人)
 * Latin: peregrīnus,
 * Macedonian: стра́нец, ту́ѓинец
 * Maori: tarutawhiti, tautangata
 * Middle English: alien
 * Ottoman Turkish: یابانجی
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: coigreach, coimheach, Gall
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: стра́нац, туђи́нац
 * Roman: ,
 * Sicilian:, strana, furisteri, furistera
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, , ,
 * Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎋𐎗
 * Ukrainian: інозе́мець, чужозе́мець
 * Vietnamese: người nước ngoài, người ngoại quốc

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: فَضَائِيّ, فَضَائِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:, uzaylı
 * Belarusian: іншапланеця́нін, іншапланеця́нка, чужапланеця́нін, чужапланеця́нка
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: rumvæsen, alien
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: aliplanedano, eksterterulo, eksterterano
 * Faroese: rúmdarvera
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: უცხოპლანეტელი, უცხოპლანეტური
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian:, űrlakó,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: extraterano
 * Indonesian: makhluk luar, makhluk angkasa, makhluk asing
 * Irish: eachtrán
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, 異星人
 * Korean: ,
 * Macedonian: вонзе́мјанин, вонзе́мјанка
 * Malay:
 * Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭲𐭪
 * Navajo: yótʼááh dineʼé dootłʼizhígíí
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: romvesen
 * Nynorsk: romvesen
 * Polish:, , istota pozaziemska, ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , инопланетя́не,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ванзема́љац, изванзема́љац, свеми́рац
 * Roman:, ,
 * Sicilian: stratirrestri, alienu, aliena
 * Slovak: ,
 * Slovene: nezemljan, nezemljanka
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, utomjordling,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: іншопланетя́нин, іншопланетя́нка, чужопланетя́нин, чужопланетя́нка, інопланетя́нин, інопланетя́нка
 * Vietnamese: người ngoài hành tinh

Adjective

 * 1) Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.
 * 2) Very unfamiliar, strange, or removed.
 * 3) Pertaining to extraterrestrial life; typical of an extraterrestrial creature.
 * 1) Pertaining to extraterrestrial life; typical of an extraterrestrial creature.
 * 1) Pertaining to extraterrestrial life; typical of an extraterrestrial creature.
 * 1) Pertaining to extraterrestrial life; typical of an extraterrestrial creature.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: vierasmaalainen
 * French:
 * Galician:, estranxeira
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ξένος, ἀλλότριος
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: coimhthíoch
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin:, peregrīnus
 * Macedonian: стра́нски, туѓ
 * Middle English: alien
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ,
 * Ukrainian: інозе́мний, чужозе́мний

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:, alié
 * Danish: fremmedartet
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:, estraña
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Indonesian: pendatang baru
 * Irish: coimhthíoch
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: туѓ
 * Norwegian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: nefamiliar
 * Scottish Gaelic: coimheach
 * Spanish: ,
 * Ukrainian: чужи́й

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan: alienígena,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: eksterterula
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: вонзе́мјански, во́нземен
 * Norwegian: utenomjordisk
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Ukrainian: інопланетний, позаземний

 * Danish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Scottish Gaelic:

Verb

 * 1)   To estrange; to alienate.
 * 2)  To transfer the ownership of something.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) An, an extraterrestrial.

Etymology
<, from Ridley Scott's film from 1979.

Noun

 * 1) alien, extraterrestial extraterrestrial creature, especially a dangerous one

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  extraterrestrial

Etymology 1
From, , from. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) An outsider or foreign person, especially if resident in one's nation.
 * 2) One who is alien in some other way e.g. religion, family
 * 3)  An unlawful occupier or possessor of land.
 * 1)  An unlawful occupier or possessor of land.

Adjective

 * 1) Outside,, foreign; from or relating to another nation.
 * 2) Religiously outside; heretical, erring; of false religion or morals.
 * 3) Distant, isolated, secure, away from something
 * 4)  Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions.
 * 5)  Not relating to or of oneself; not natural to one's body.
 * 6)  Bizarre, weird, exotic.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ; foreign; non-native
 * 2) * 11th century, La Vie de Saint Alexis, BNF manuscript 19525
 * "fro"

- alienes terres

Noun

 * 1)  a non-native

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) ; extraterrestrial life form

title: alien


text:
definition

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).
 * 2)  A clear instance conforming to the dictionary or textbook definition.
 * 3) * 2008 May, Shoeless Wayne Santos, “Baroque” (game review), GameAxis Unwired, Hardware Zone Pte, page 51:
 * Baroque is a good game, but only for a very narrow subset of the gaming audience. It is the very definition of a niche title.
 * 1) A statement expressing the essential nature of something; formulation
 * 2) The action or process of defining.
 * 3) The act of defining; determination of the limits.
 * 4) A product of defining.
 * 5) The action or power of describing, explaining, or making definite and clear.
 * 6) Clarity of visual presentation, distinctness of outline or detail.
 * 7) Clarity, especially of musical sound in reproduction.
 * 8) Sharp demarcation of outlines or limits.
 * 9)  The degree to which individual muscles are distinct on the body.
 * 10)  A statement which provides a previous declaration with a value or body of a subroutine (in the case of function).
 * 11)  A statement that establishes the referent of a term or notation.
 * 1) Clarity, especially of musical sound in reproduction.
 * 2) Sharp demarcation of outlines or limits.
 * 3)  The degree to which individual muscles are distinct on the body.
 * 4)  A statement which provides a previous declaration with a value or body of a subroutine (in the case of function).
 * 5)  A statement that establishes the referent of a term or notation.
 * 1)  The degree to which individual muscles are distinct on the body.
 * 2)  A statement which provides a previous declaration with a value or body of a subroutine (in the case of function).
 * 3)  A statement that establishes the referent of a term or notation.
 * 1)  A statement that establishes the referent of a term or notation.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:definition

Translations

 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: билдәләмә
 * Belarusian: азначэ́нне, вызначэ́нне, дэфіні́цыя
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 定義
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: definitsioon
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: განმარტება, განსაზღვრება, დეფინიცია
 * German: Begriffsbestimmung,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὁρισμός
 * Haitian Creole: definisyon
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: orðskýring
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: sainmhíniú
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh:, дефиниция
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پێناسە
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz:, дефиниция
 * Lao:
 * Latin: dēfīnītiō
 * Latvian: definīcija
 * Lithuanian: ,
 * Macedonian: дефиниција
 * Malay: takrif, definisi
 * Malayalam: നിർവ്വചനം
 * Maori: aronga
 * Marathi: व्याख्या
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh, comharrachadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: дефини́ција
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: definícia
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:, , ,
 * Tibetan: མཚན་ཉིད
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: kesgitleme, kesgitnama
 * Ukrainian:, ви́значення, дефіні́ція
 * Urdu: تَعْرِیف
 * Uyghur: تەبىر
 * Uzbek: taʻrif,
 * Vietnamese: (定義)
 * Welsh:

 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: билдәләмә
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Definierung,
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh, comharrachadh
 * Swedish:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 下定意
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Begriffserklärung, Definierung
 * Italian:
 * Malay: takrifan
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh
 * Swedish:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 下定意
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Begriffserklärung, Definierung
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian:, il definire
 * Malay: takrifan
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh, comharrachadh
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh, comharrachadh
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 下定意
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Italian: livello di definizione
 * Portuguese: descritibilidade
 * Romanian:, grad de definire
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sònrachadh, comharrachadh

 * Bulgarian:, раздели́телна спосо́бност
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: opløsningsevne, opløsning
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: გარჩევადობა
 * German: Scharfzeichnung, Konturentreue, Trennschärfe
 * Irish: gléine
 * Italian:, definitezza
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, forță de definire
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian: я́сност
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: gengivelse
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * German: Scharfzeichnung, Konturentreue, Trennschärfe,
 * Italian: definitezza
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Turkish: definisyon, definasyon

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 清晰度
 * Finnish: erottuvuus
 * German:
 * Turkish: definisyon, definasyon

 * Middle French: definition
 * Ido:
 * Latin:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Romanian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: ,
 * Welsh:

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * a

title: definition


text:
Talk:Debian

Isn't Debian a proper name and thus inappropriate for a dictionary ?

Hi. I have initiated this page because there are word derivating from debian, at least in French and Spanish. Proper names deserve IMHO also articles here

 * nicknames : Bilou in French foir Bill Gates
 * synonymes eg: The Middle Kingdom = China
 * names of inhabitans : ex in French Charleroi-->Carolorégien.
 * derivating words : Nippon versus Japanese

Youssefsan 14:52 Dec 22, 2002 (UTC)

 * I agree. Proper names belong to a language too. Of course they don't need to be explained the same way as in Wikipedia, but looked at from a linguistic point of view (translations, derivations, etc). D.D. 20:40 Dec 22, 2002 (UTC)

 * This discussion should be happening over at Criteria for inclusion rather than here, on Youssefsan's point, all of his examples excluding the first could be included here under the current criteria. So would Debian, however the current criteria states that that if it's being included due to derivatives than the derivatives should be enter into the wiktionary prior to the proper name. --Imran 20:47 Dec 22, 2002 (UTC)~

title: Talk:Debian


text:
Talk:alien

2nd Def
Isn't the second noun def. limited to the US ?

 * I think so too. I have never been called that outside the US (and I have visited quite a few other countries). D.D. 20:35 Dec 22, 2002 (UTC)

Not at all even though the more legalistic sense has become more common in the US than elsewhere. Eclecticology

I have no idea where this should go, but what about the legalistic definition of 'alien' - during war and times of trouble 'enemy aliens' are interned etc. An 'alien' is a person from elsewhere... but I guess this is kind of covered in def.1... Karen J.

 * In Japan registration for foreigners is still called "Alien Registration". Sounds awful.
 * Anyway: I think in the translations section, the words should be better disambiguated, i.e. separated by meaning 1/2/3 to make clear at a glance what they mean, a foreigner, an extraterrestrial, or an outsider. 133.91.8.3 09:39, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Directly from Latin?
Was this borrowed directly from Latin into English? Could be via Old French. Or perhaps Middle French if it was a later borrowing. I don't know. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:39, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Old French. Hence. --Pilcrow 15:44, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Humans that are Aliens
Within Science Fiction, beings that are sapient extraterrestrial aliens (intelligent life not originating on Earth) from the perspective of human beings (of Earth) will occasionally refer to human beings as aliens. Therefore, the wording "Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin." Is too limiting. On, , an alien being says to Commander Shepard (human): "We don't often allow aliens to do business on Tuchanka, but you're an exception." I'm sure I've seen this kind of usage elsewhere. Anyway, the point is that "extraterrestrial" currently reads "Originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet". So the way this word is defined may be correct for a narrow sense, but it is very Earth-centric and human-centric, and there may be a broader sense for 'alien' that recognizes that aliens can view human beings as aliens. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 21:19, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:alien


text:
Appendix talk:Lojban/bongu

I think the pronunciation should be written as [`boN gu], if I understand the symbols right; what you wrote is {byun,gu}, which might be heard in the hills or in some Xagvacri ghetto, but isn't standard Lojban. (The N/n distinction is nondistinctive, but saying [o] as [@U] is definitely wrong and might be misheard as {bengu} (which is too close to {bengo}) or {bungu}.)

Also, {bongu} is definitely English bone + Chinese gu; the other four score zero. mi'e pier

title: Appendix talk:Lojban/bongu


text:
Help:Searching

You can search Wiktionary using the search box - it is usually on the right, but may be at the top on mobile devices.
 * MediaWiki search tools

 * Clicking on the magnifying glass button will take you to an article with the exact title entered in the search box (provided it exists).

 * On the Search page, the Search button generates a list of articles containing the words entered using the Lucene search. To search for an exact phrase, enclose it in quotation marks ("").

You can also find words by using the search bar on the Main Page.

Another option is using external search engines:
 * External tools
 * Google
 * Yahoo!

There's also a bookmarklet available. See Wiktionary:Tips and tricks/Bookmarklets for that.
 * Bookmarklets

title: Help:Searching


text:
User talk:Danny~enwiktionary

For the translations on the disambugation pages like Alien would you mind put the translation on the individual article pages rather than on the Alien page as it would reduce to workload for anyone who reorders the list in the future. --Imran

Thankyou for chaing word of the day, as i ahve been busy doing otehr things.-fonzy

Re your Hebrew and Yiddish contributions, how would you feel about adding transliterations to ngo with them? Eclecticology 22:50 Dec 29, 2002 (UTC)

Sure. I just dont know the system that is preferred. Danny

So this is another one of those questions where I put my foot in my mouth! :-] My quick answer would be whatever system is used by the Library of Congress for transliterating book titles. Eclecticology

I went with easy pronunciation. I have a copy of several transliteration schemes at work, but unfortunately, I don't like any of them, particularly for Hebrew. How is the system I used? Danny

It's a step in the right direction. Of course I say this as a complete non-reader of Hebrew. It seems too that we may need to distinguish between transliterations and pronunciation guides, and my impression is that you tried to do the latter. Transliterations (or romanizations in a language like Chinese) give a guide to representing the other language in another script, which for practical purposes here means the latin script. A pronunciation guide will give an idea about how to pronounce a language, and will often even be needed between two languages using the same script. Transliterations tend to be more formal ways to represent things, and may have a role in how Wiktionary can deal with words in other scripts. I welcome Wiktionary articles with titles in other scripts for the interesting problems that they give us to solve. Eclecticology

There are, of course, very specific problems with transliterating Hebrew. First of all, there are sounds that should be distinguished, even though modern Hebrew speakers do not distinguish them either (one of these sounds was apparently lost as early as in biblical times, hence the shibboleth/sibboleth story in Judges.) Second, there are no vowels in written Hebrew. Points called nikkud, which are used to represent vowels, are early medieval. Third, certain Hebrew letters fricate, depending on their position in a syllable, so that the same letter can have two sounds. Fourth, the two shewa sounds, weak and strong, the first of which is essentially silent, the second of which is not but often ends up silent. put it all together and you get quite a mess. Not to mention that modern Hebrew has no formalized spelling rules, though it is preferred to note long vowels. Take dog, for instance: I gave a pronunciation (KEH-lev), whereas the letters, K-L-B, can also be read kah-LEIV (the biblical name Caleb--note the b in the English version vs. the v in the pronunciation, k'LEIV (meaning "like a heart), kah-LEIV (like the heart), or theoretically k'LOOV (cage). I've seen a lot of methods of transliteration--I even helped develop a couple--but I've never found one I liked. Danny

Hi Danny! It's good to have someone here who understands Hebrew when these matters come up, since my own knowledge is negligible. I was ready to send this a while ago when my browser seems to have gasped and crashed at the thought of a message that had a Hebrew word mixed in.

Henryk911 has written a number of entries for Hebrew words. I can't comment on the contents but have tried to improve on the format for one of them that seemed too vertically strung out at ארץ, in a way that didn't seem the most useful for our users. I've tried to put these in a table format. Could you please look at it and suggest any possible improvements. I'll wait for your comments before I try this on any other word.
 * I like the style and will add further entries in this manner. For the quality of my Hebrew: I'm not a native speaker, but I would love to have a free online dictionary (Hebrew<->something I know) so I help to build it. Danny as you seem to be a nativ-speaker with some knowledqe about grammar etc.: I would also love to see a stub for Hebrew verbs. ;-) Henryk911 21/02/2003

While you're at it could you also look at abash where I've put a small table, and comment there. So far Youssefsan has made the only comment, but didn't offer much to build on. Eclecticology 05:10 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

Welcome back! It's been nearly six months since you last visited Wiktionary. :-) I looked at your Raven contribution.  (Did Poe really use the spelling "visiter"? I would have changed it as a typo correction, but could not dismiss the possibility that Poe might have actually done something like that.) One suggestion that would make your work easier, would be to create the link only at the first appearance of the word.  If they need to look up the word "the" every time that it appears, they need more help than we can possibly give them.  I don't spend a lot of time at Wikibooks, but I do think that study guides for literary works is a good thing.  It would be nice though to see these guides go beyond the mere explanation of words. Eclecticology 06:25, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

re ca:engwa
Use ː (#720;) This is from the miscellaneous modifiers section of Unicode where it is described as a length mark for IPA. It's a colon made up of two little triangles. The other two colon like symbols in Unicode are the mathematical ratio symbol, and the Armenian full stop, but I don't think that these would be appropriate. I hope this helps. Eclecticology 23:28, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Copyright reminder
Hi Danny,

I see you've recently added a lot of words beginning with "des-". Many of these seem to have been copied from dictionary.com. The material on that site is copyright and must not be copied to Wiktionary. If you are copying material from there, would you please not do so. Wiktionary is under free licence so any copyright violations have to be deleted. — Paul G 10:32, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello again - thanks for your reply on my page. I've posted a reply back to you there. — Paul G 11:51, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I was looking at your comments at Paul's talk page, particularly as regards to the quotations used in the old Webster. When I try to draw from Webster's I try as much as possible to preserve the quotations, and often even to identify them better than what is found there. I believe that it is this sort of value-added that will ultimately make Wiktionary a superior dictionary. The dream is that we will be able to link to the author on Wikipedia, or a fuller text on Wikisource. This dream may be of something very distant indeed, but prparing the groundwork will make that task easier when we get there. :-) Comments? Eclecticology 20:41, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Danny. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Danny~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:00, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Danny~enwiktionary


text:
Talk:abiological

Two16 abiology would be the study of the inanimate ;study goes

title: Talk:abiological


text:
User:Two16~enwiktionary

I like words but i dont like exact keyboarding so I can't predict how much time i will spend here. my first word was abiological.````

title: User:Two16~enwiktionary


text:
pez

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from.

Noun

 * 1) pitch, tar
 * 2) pitch, resin
 * 1) pitch, resin

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) sheep

Etymology 1
From, accusative of.

Noun

 * 1) pitch, tar

Etymology 2
, from.

Noun

 * 1) fish
 * 2) * Idem, f.92r.
 * "osp"
 * "osp"

- Et la eſtrella meridional de las dos que ſon en el uientre del pez poſtrimero en la figura de piſces a poder en eſta piedra […]

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) pitch dark, extremely viscous material made by distilling tar

Etymology 1
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) pitch, tar

Etymology 2
, from, from. Compare, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fish especially while alive
 * 2)  idiot, dimwit
 * 1)  idiot, dimwit

Usage notes

 * The noun is used when referring to live fish, as opposed to, used to refer to a fish once it has been hooked, taken from the water, cooked, served as food, etc.

title: pez


text:
Wiktionary:Copyrights

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The original texts of Wiktionary entries are dual-licensed to the public under both the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). The full text of both licenses can be found at Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, as well as Text of the GNU Free Documentation License. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the text of all Wiktionary entries under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.

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an:Wiktionary:Dreitos d'autor ca:Viccionari:Drets d'autor es:Wikcionario:Copyrights io:Wikivortaro:Copyrights la:Victionarium:Ius auctorum mr:Wiktionary:Copyrights ja:Wiktionary:著作権 pt:Wikcionário:Direitos autorais scn:Wikizziunariu:Copyrights simple:Wiktionary:Copyrights sd:Wiktionary:Copyrights sv:Wiktionary:Licens tr:Vikisözlük:Telif hakkı vi:Wiktionary:Quyền tác giả zh:Wiktionary:版权信息

title: Wiktionary:Copyrights


text:
season

Etymology 1
From, from , from from , past participle of  from. Akin to 🇨🇬,. Displaced native 🇨🇬 (from 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 (from 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  Each of the four divisions of a year: spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter
 * 2) A part of a year when something particular happens.
 * 3) A period of the year in which a place is most busy or frequented for business, amusement, etc.
 * 4)  The period over which a series of Test matches are played.
 * 5)  That which gives relish; seasoning.
 * 6)   A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.
 * 7)  An extended, undefined period of time.
 * 8)  The full set of downloadable content for a game, which can be purchased with a season pass.
 * 9)  A fixed period of time in a massively multiplayer online game in which new content (themes, rules, modes, etc.) becomes available, sometimes replacing earlier content.
 * 1) A period of the year in which a place is most busy or frequented for business, amusement, etc.
 * 2)  The period over which a series of Test matches are played.
 * 3)  That which gives relish; seasoning.
 * 4)   A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.
 * 5)  An extended, undefined period of time.
 * 6)  The full set of downloadable content for a game, which can be purchased with a season pass.
 * 7)  A fixed period of time in a massively multiplayer online game in which new content (themes, rules, modes, etc.) becomes available, sometimes replacing earlier content.
 * 1)  An extended, undefined period of time.
 * 2)  The full set of downloadable content for a game, which can be purchased with a season pass.
 * 3)  A fixed period of time in a massively multiplayer online game in which new content (themes, rules, modes, etc.) becomes available, sometimes replacing earlier content.
 * 1)  An extended, undefined period of time.
 * 2)  The full set of downloadable content for a game, which can be purchased with a season pass.
 * 3)  A fixed period of time in a massively multiplayer online game in which new content (themes, rules, modes, etc.) becomes available, sometimes replacing earlier content.
 * 1)  The full set of downloadable content for a game, which can be purchased with a season pass.
 * 2)  A fixed period of time in a massively multiplayer online game in which new content (themes, rules, modes, etc.) becomes available, sometimes replacing earlier content.

Usage notes
In British English, a year-long group of episodes of a television or radio show is called a, whereas in North American English the word is a synonym of  or.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:, مَوْسِم
 * Egyptian Arabic: فصل, موسم
 * Hijazi Arabic: فَصِل, مَوْسِم
 * Moroccan Arabic: فصل
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: ঋতু
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Bashkir: миҙгел
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: пара́ го́да, сезо́н, сэзо́н
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: koulz-amzer
 * Brunei Malay: musim
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan: temps de l'any, ,
 * Cherokee:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 季節, 季
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Cimbrian: stadjónge
 * Cornish: seson, sesons, sesonyow
 * Corsican: staghjone
 * Cree: kâ-isiwêpahki
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Elfdalian: årstið
 * Esperanto: sezono
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: árstíð
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: stagjon, seson
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: წელიწადის დრო, სეზონი
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: καιρός
 * Greenlandic: ukiup ilaa, ukiup kaajallakkiartornerata ilaa
 * Gujarati:
 * Haitian Creole: sezon
 * Hawaiian: kau
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , फ़सल, , ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Hunsrik: Johreszeid
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: station del anno
 * Irish: séasúr, ráithe
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 折節
 * Javanese: mangsa
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: жыл мезгілдері,, мерзім
 * Khmer: រដូវ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: وەرز
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Lao: ລະດູ, ລະດູການ
 * Latin:, tempestas, tempus anni
 * Latvian: gadalaiks, sezona
 * Lithuanian: metų laikas
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: го́дишно вре́ме, сезо́на
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: staġun
 * Manchu: ᡶᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ
 * Maori: kaupeka, houanga
 * Marathi:
 * Mòcheno: jorzait
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ
 * Narom: saîson
 * Navajo: nináháhááh
 * Nepali:
 * Northern Sami: jahkodat, jagiáigi
 * Northern Sotho: sehla
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, sesong
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ଋତୁ
 * Old Norse: mál
 * Pashto: موسم,
 * Persian:, ,
 * Plautdietsch: Joarestiet
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua: mit'a
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: stagiun, stagiùn, staschung
 * Russian: ,
 * Samogitian: metu laikā
 * Scots: saison
 * Scottish Gaelic: aimsir, ràith
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: годишње доба, до̑ба, сезо́на
 * Roman: godišnje doba, ,
 * Shona: mwaka yepaNyika
 * Sicilian:, , , staciuna
 * Slovak: ročné obdobie
 * Slovene: letni čas
 * Somali: afarta xilli
 * Sorbian:
 * Upper Sorbian: počas
 * Spanish:
 * Sundanese: usum
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tamil: பருவ காலம்
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tswana: setlha
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: pasyl, möwsüm
 * Ukrainian: пора́ ро́ку, сезо́н
 * Urdu: مَوسَم, فَصْل, رِت
 * Uyghur: پەسىل
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian:, staxon, stagion
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian:
 * Winnebago: mąąkirupinįra
 * Yiddish: תּקופֿה, סעזאָן, צײַט פֿון יאָר

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: مَوْسِم
 * Egyptian Arabic: موسم, سيزون
 * Hijazi Arabic: مَوْسِم
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: campaña, temporada,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: миҙгел
 * Belarusian: сезо́н, сэзо́н
 * Brunei Malay: musim
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: hooaeg
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: tempada, temporada, ,
 * Georgian: სეზონი, პერიოდი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Icelandic: vertíð
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , シーズン, 出盛り
 * Javanese: mangsa
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Lao: ລະດູການ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: sezona
 * Lithuanian: metas,
 * Macedonian: сезо́на
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: sesong, løpetid
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: stagiun, stagiùn, staschung
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: сезо́на
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: obdobie, sezóna
 * Slovene: sezona, obdobje
 * Spanish:, , (del año)
 * Sundanese: usum
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: сезо́н
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: סעזאָן

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: مَوْسِم,
 * Hijazi Arabic: مَوْسِم
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: сезо́н, сэзо́н
 * Brunei Malay: musim
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 上映期
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Esperanto: sezono
 * Estonian: hooaeg
 * Faroese: árgangur
 * Finnish:, tuotantokausi
 * French:
 * Galician: tempada
 * Georgian: სეზონი
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: þáttaröð
 * Indonesian: musim tayang
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: シーズン
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: сезо́на
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: sesong
 * Nynorsk: sesong
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: сезо́на
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: sezóna
 * Slovene: sezona
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: сезо́н
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: סעזאָן

 * Russian: ,
 * Turkish:

 * French:

Verb

 * 1)  To habituate, accustom, or inure (someone or something) to a particular use, purpose, or circumstance.
 * 2)  To prepare by drying or hardening, or removal of natural juices.
 * 3)  To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to a climate.
 * 4)  To become dry and hard, by the escape of the natural juices, or by being penetrated with other substance.
 * 5)  To mingle: to moderate, temper, or qualify by admixture.
 * 6)  To impregnate (literally or figuratively).
 * 1)  To mingle: to moderate, temper, or qualify by admixture.
 * 2)  To impregnate (literally or figuratively).
 * 1)  To impregnate (literally or figuratively).

Synonyms

 * ; see also Thesaurus:accustom
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:to age
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:mix
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:mix
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:mix

Translations

 * Dutch: zich aanpassen
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:, ,
 * Spanish:, ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Italian:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Dutch:, rijp worden
 * French:
 * German:, erwachsen werden
 * Japanese:
 * Norwegian: modnes
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Spanish:

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To flavour food with spices, herbs or salt.

Translations

 * Breton: temzañ, sasuniñ
 * Bulgarian: слагам подправки
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 给调味
 * Czech:, ochutit
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: spicigi, kondimenti, spici
 * Estonian: maitsestama
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀρτύω
 * Hebrew: תיבל
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: leasaigh
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: condiō
 * Lithuanian: skaninti, gardinti
 * Norwegian:, smaksette
 * Old English: wyrtian
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Slovene: začiniti, začinjati
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: lig-ingin
 * Turkish:, , baharat katmak, çeşnilendirmek
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: צוריכטן

title: season


text:
User:Eclecticology/Vision

The purpose of this page is to openly develop my view about how a Wiktionary article should look. Naturally it would be un-Wiki to insist on this structure, but if this structured set of "rules" is accepted it will have served its purpose. The listings at any given level are in order of importance. Comments are welcome, but please make them after the double line. I'm making a point of numbering my proposals here for easier reference. Eclecticology

1. Breaking up articles
 * Breaking up articles into smaller ones will in many cases be inevitable, but if this is done pre-maturely before there is a big picture grasp of what the word involves such an action is likely to generate confusion.
 * 1.1. When to Break-up
 * This outlines the criteria to be applied in determining if an article should be split.
 * 1.1.1. Size
 * An article should be broken up when it is too big. It is rarely necessary to break-up an article that is shorter than 10K; it becomes almost essential to break-up articles longer than 30K.
 * 1.2. Where to break-up
 * Break-ups should be made at the highest possible hierarchical level available.
 * 1.3. Designating broken-up articles
 * Broken-up articles should as much as possible be titled in a way that reflects the criterion applied in 1.2.

2. Data hierarchy
 * This defines how we progress through information in a way that recognizes that some separation criteria are more important than others. In theory, all the criteria used in subdividing at a given level are available to be applied for each and every category in the next higher level.
 * 2.1. Language
 * This is the highest level criterion for dividing an article. Dealing with this may not be particularly difficult, but getting it right is key to having a Wiktionary that functions smoothly in a multilingual environment.  I use the term "base language" here to mean the language of the active Wiktionary.
 * 2.1.1. Language order
 * 2.1.1.1 "General comments" about about a word that transcend languages. I anticipate that this will not be relevant for most words.
 * 2.1.1.2. The word in the base language.
 * 2.1.1.3. The word in other languages ordered by language name in the alphabetical order of the base language.
 * 2.1.2. Headings
 * Headings should be in H2 size. (''i. e."" with "==" at the beginning and end of a title. The heading for the root language may be omitted if there are no "General comments."
 * 2.2. Topics
 * This refers to the range of things we can say about a word, such as variants, pronunciation, etymology, definitions, etc. The list is ordered to move from the more general to the more specific.
 * Alternative and obsolete spellings
 * Etymology
 * Pronunciation
 * Part of Speech
 * Definition
 * Quotations
 * Synonyms
 * Translations
 * Derived words and phrases
 * References
 * 2.2.1. Alternative and obsolete spellings
 * Words spelled in alternative ways are essentially the same word. The alternatives may be archaic and representing uses in a former version of the language.  They may be geographic as in the "labour/labor" distinction between British and American English.  There may be sub-headings that categorize the bases for these variants, but generally no further forking will result, and no further mention of these variants will be needed.  Separate articles for the alternatives will often be necessary and may consist of nothing more than a "see" reference.
 * 2.2.2. Etymology
 * This topic explains where the word comes from, including its bases in other languages. It is essentially not concerned with what happened to the word once it was incorporated into the base language.  With most words there is a single source and no fork will arise at this level.  A fork will occur when different sources result in identically spelled homonyms.
 * 2.2.3. Pronunciation
 * It is impossible to provide precise pronunciations in any format. Even the best phonetic systems can only provide an approximation.  Distinguishing most dialects would require an in-depth and subtle understanding of phonology well beyond the scope of this dictionary.  Nevertheless, most readers will appreciate a rough understanding of the difference between British and American pronunciation.  The most essential entry here will be in terms of pronunciation variations that make a difference, as with the usage of minute when a noun or an adjective.  Using SAMPA or IPA or something else remains an open question to be discussed elsewhere, as are ways of distinguishing which system is being used if more than one is permitted.
 * 2.2.4. Part of Speech
 * This is one of the most important points of forking. Fortunately, in most instances with a basic understanding of grammar it will be one of the easiest to apply.  It is here that we should also make note of plurals, tenses and other grammatical variations of a word.
 * 2.2.5. Definition
 * This is the heart of any dictionary entry. It is mostly descriptive.  Sometimes a synonym can serve this function, but most often not.  It is here that the lexicographer's art is most apparent.  By the time you get here most of the easy forks in the word are past, and it becomes necessary for the various definitions to make clear the different ways that a word can be used, while retaining the concept that any two uses at this level have a common etymology.  There is no one rule that can determine the order in which definitions should be arranged, but there are rules of thumb which can be used for guidance, with no one of them having precedence over the others.
 * 2.2.5.1. The most frequent uses should precede the less frequent.
 * 2.2.5.2. The uses closest to the etymological source should precede the more distant.
 * 2.2.5.3. The most ancient uses should precede the most recent ones.
 * 2.2.6. Quotations
 * The purpose for using quotations is to illustrate the actual use of a word at a particular time. Unlike examples which can be made up, quotations must also be accompanied by information about their sources.  The format for these has been described elsewhere.
 * 2.2.7. Synonyms
 * Although some synonyms may appear in the definition of a word, they are not the same thing. They represent alternative words which may be substituted for the word in some contexts and some circumstances. The sphere of connotations which a word carries is often very different from that of its synonyms.  A wrongly used synonym can give an impression of unfamiliarity with the language.
 * 2.2.8. Translations
 * In one sense a translation is nothing more than a synonym in an other language. One must be wspecially careful under this heading about introducing false friends.

 * 2.3. Sub-topics
 * This refers to issues that come under one topic, most notable under definition. It includes quotations and translations which often relate to a very specific usage of a word.

 * (more to come.)

I don't think we should break up articles because of size, we shold either break up on logical grounds (definition, nouns/verbs/etc, etymology, whatever) or not at all like the OED does it. --Imran 23:31 Dec 24, 2002 (UTC)
 * Size is only one criterion - and a fairly obvious one when the article is just too big. I still need to think about the other possible criteria. Eclecticology

I use several computers, including a couple that are very slow and old. Wiktionary and Widkipedia load relatively easily and fast so long as they arn't more that 50k or so. What really screws you up with an oldar slower computer is haveing to load and reload go to a diffrent page, flip back to the first page etc. So Imran's notion that not having everything on one page and short is somehow helpful to someone with older equipment and a slower connection is just wrong. It's much better to have it all there once you get it loaded. Fred Bauder 21:38 Dec 26, 2002 (UTC)

What's your opinion with regards to differentiation of multiple definitions as disscussed elsewhere we need someway to be able to refer to individual definitions, but just numbering them would cause problems if the article was reordered sometime in the future ? --Imran

 * This is a tough one. The definition is naturally at the heart of any dictionary entry.  Both suggested bases for distinction (age and frequency) have their marits.  Both also have their problems.  The biggest argument against having the most common use first is that it requires a subjective judgement about which is the more common of two uses.  For the British the most common use of the noun "boot" might be for the baggage compartment of a car, but for an American it might be a piece of footwear.  I would prefer not to put anybody in the position of having to arbitrate that kind of conflict.

 * I lean toward having the oldest usage first because it has the advantage of having fewer problems with subjectivity.
 * but it introduces major problems of usability - people expect the most common usage first, not the oldest; defining dictionaries don't seem to have all that much difficulty figuring out which are the most common usages
 * The difficulty here is that the resources required to decide which version is oldest are not at everybody's fingertips. Contributors who want to add to the article on a particular word should not feel the need to have access to obscure lexicological resources before they can contribute.  When they add new definitions to an article they will do just as well to add them to the bottom of the list.  Someone with a broader overall perspective may need to re-order them later.  When ordering things we also need to remember that the differences between definitions will come in shades.  Some are very distinct; others differ only in shades of meaning.

 * I agree, refering to parts of articles by numbers has a serious risk of becoming meaningless or even misleading unless the list of definitions in an article is stable. We may still be able to make such references through the context of a particular usage, or the fact that it is only used in specialized circumstances.  For now, a simple reference to the article may be the only accurate way to approach the problem.  The structure of articles is still in a development stage.  Perhaps the tech people could find some sort of indirect indexing scheme that would allow a definition to be moved around in an article without breaking links.  My short answer is that I'm prepared to wait and see how this develops. Eclecticology 22:23 Dec 28, 2002 (UTC)

 * One way we could do it is by having links with the number of the item in a standardized form, i.e. have the number of the definition after the word so for the first def in dog we would have dog (1) linking directly to that def. that way we could have something similar to "what links here" which could be used to find the links that need to be corrected if the order is changed. --Imran
 * I don't want to completely shut the door om the numbered entries. Other dictionaries certainly use them to varying extents.
 * the major use of numbered entries is to express 1. most common, 2. next most common usage, certainly this is extremely important for readers who genuinely don't know what a word means in context, and consider it important enough to look up.
 * My complaints are more about dubdivisions being done prematurely than being done at all. If we are to have standardized forms, how will those standards be determined?  That would be a whole other debate.  If we are to have sub-division I am currently tending toward something more descriptive than numbers.  "What links here" has certainly been helpful in trying to repair broken links in Wikipedia, and will continue to be helpful here, but I'm not sure that it will accomplish what you want.  I'm finding that working out some of the words is a lot more difficult than I would have expected.  If you look at the dog example, many of the alternative uses can somehow be connectied back to the most familiar one. though sometimes quite indirectly.  These simple words are likely to present far more problems than many of the longer less well known words. Eclecticology 07:53 Jan 4, 2003 (UTC)#

 * I agree that the problem of how/when to subdivide is important, but not having any standardized method is causing a retardation of the growth of wiktionary. Perhaps we should do what the OED used to do, have a drafting page where all the information on a word is stored in an arbitrary fashion and once there is enough information to distinguish the different uses and their properties move the information into a standardized format in the main dictioary. --Imran 23:57 Jan 4, 2003 (UTC)
 * yes, that's a good plan, since it doesn't exclude early contributors by making them wait for structure, and it maximizes the chance that we'll find a way to distinguish common from uncommon uses to generate sub-wiktionary texts and indices.

I am not looking fowars to the word It's that has over 43 defs!

Do you think immediately derivative words, for instance walker from walk, should have their own article or should be in the main words article ? --Imran 23:37 Jan 5, 2003 (UTC)
 * I have thought about this. I'm favouring a bit of both.  The "main" article should always be bringing things together, and should likely list the possible derivatives.  At "walker" we would still need a simple definition as "a person who walks q.v.", assuming that it had no other meaning.  Of course we would also need to consider that a "walker" can also be a device used by seniors who are having diffiulty in walking.  Even something like "walks" may need an entry that would guide non-English speakers to understanding that such a word could be the plural of the noun or the 3rd person singular of the verb.  These derivative word articles could be much less comprehensive than the one on the root word. Eclecticology 01:46 Jan 6, 2003 (UTC)
 * Longman's defining vocabulary deals with this by listing the suffixes separately, and using the suffixes only to qualify words in the most common way. Any exception to this convention, e.g. 'walker' to mean an old person's disability assistance device, gets its own definition, but not as part of the defining vocuabulary.
 * A lot of this is a matter of trying to second guess what people might do to look things up. I believe, to start with that there should be separate entries for the prefixes and suffixes alone, such as -er, (assuming that the system will allow an entry that begins with a hyphen)
 * absolutely, it must, since this is the standard English dictionary way of defining suffixes. also **THE STUPID/WRONG WIKIPEDIA CONVENTION OF CAPITALIZING THE FIRST WORD OF EVERY ENTRY** must now certainly be removed from the software.  IT's bad in an encyclopedia, but there are ways to work around it.  There's no way around it in a dictionary! The software simply has to change.
 * You're preaching to the converted on this one. See Bug reports.  The serious distortions in an encyclopedia are more limited.  It's difficult to work around the entry for the concept of pH in chemistry.  A dictionary requires considerably more precision than an encyclopedia. Eclecticology
 * I'm not really disputing your approach, but the more I get into this project the more I appreciate the difficulties there are in writing a dictionary. Eclecticology 19:04 Jan 10, 2003 (UTC)
 * there are main wikipedia articles on defining vocabulary, defining dictionary, and core glossary (a more abstract concept needed by both). might be best to review those, and edit them to consensus, so that there is a stong standard basis for proceeding, rather than re-inventing the wheel. it is better to work out the ideal structure of a dictionary there, where the actual structure of real dictionaries is being explained to the casual reader.
 * I think I'm grasping what you're trying to say. The consensus-building on this will likely need to be a continuing wrk in pregress.  There are some profoundly shallow views around concerning what a dictionary is.  There's also often a natural human tendency to search for certainty where none can exist.  We may not find too many people willing to participate in developing the consensus.  The required sophistication is just not there.  If we are going to work from a "defining vocabulary" as you suggest, it seems that one of the first things we will need is a properly wikied list of those words so that each of those concepts can be adequately discussed.  Then there's the question of how we can possibly discuss the words on such a list without getting locked int a self-referential loop. Eclecticology 07:49 Jan 11, 2003 (UTC)

 * This is out-of-date. I stopped reading at 2.1.2 - because I think we're suppose to include = = English = = at the top of ALL articles these days.  I'll wait to comment until version 2.0, which I'm sure you'll be working on over the holiday weekend. :-) Cheers, --Stranger 15:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Eclecticology/Vision


text:
autumn

Etymology
, from, from , , from.

Some verb senses are from.

Noun

 * 1) Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere.
 * 2)  The time period when someone or something is past its prime.
 * 3)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  The time period when someone or something is past its prime.
 * 2)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  The time period when someone or something is past its prime.
 * 2)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.
 * 1)  A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.

Synonyms

 * fall, harvest,  back end.
 * decline.

Verb

 * 1)  To spend the autumn (in a particular place).
 * 2) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.
 * 1) To undergo the changes associated with autumn, such as leaves changing color and falling from trees.

title: autumn


text:
summer

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , from , from , oblique of.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, the months of June, July and August in the United Kingdom and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.
 * 2)  year;
 * 3)  Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.
 * 4)  Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
 * 1)  year;
 * 2)  Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.
 * 3)  Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
 * 1)  Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.
 * 2)  Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
 * 1)  Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
 * 1)  Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.

Verb

 * 1)  To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.

Etymology 2
From, from , , from , for , from. Compare.

Noun

 * 1)   A horizontal beam supporting a building.
 * 2)  A pack-horse.
 * 1)  A pack-horse.
 * 1)  A pack-horse.

Translations

 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,

Noun

 * 1) A person who sums.
 * 2) A machine or algorithm that sums.

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  summer

Noun

 * 1)  summer

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) summer

Etymology
From, , from.

Noun

 * 1)  (pack horse)
 * 2)  (beam)

title: summer