text:
User talk:Bogdan

I have adjusted agru a little, to conform to our standards. Here is our standard welcome. SemperBlotto 11:55, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

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Votes/2010-04/Voting_policy
Just letting you know of this surprisingly contentious vote. Input from more Wiktionarians such as yourself would be much appreciated. Thanks. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 12:45, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

Help request
Hi Bogdan! Not sure you're up for it, but I'm wondering if you're willing to help create an IPA module back in the Romanian Wiktionary project? I'm an admin and bureaucrat, but not that comfortable coding really important stuff. We could sure use a person like you back home to help create modules and templates we sorely lack. --Robbie SWE (talk) 17:29, 26 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi. Well, the problem is that I need some more linguistic expertise to write it, particularly on determining the stress. I tried to start from the Italian module and tweaked it and it's often correct, but not good enough. Bogdan (talk) 14:06, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see what you mean. It can be tricky – but how about automatic declension tables for Romanian verbs like we have here? We only have overly simplified declension tables back home, so we could sure use more comprehensive and automated tables. --Robbie SWE (talk) 14:45, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Recent additions
Hi Bogdan! Just want to congratulate you on adding all these Romanian lemmas! You're doing a fine job so keep up the good work! Would you mind just checking some of them though? I'm referring to the ones that have English definitions as red links – hate to think that we don't have English entries for the Romanian equivalents (for instance: tehnicism, rusism, românism, preclasicism, papagalism, idilism, etc.). I just don't want other users to start thinking that these words are protologisms or neologisms. Thanks in advance! --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:23, 14 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Well, even if they have red links, the English words still exist and can be created. Bogdan (talk) 13:25, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
 * It's not a big deal, it's just that the problem I'm having is finding them in durably archived sources. In the long run, if their English equivalents aren't attested, the Romanian entries might be considered for deletion. --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:46, 14 January 2021 (UTC)

Congrats!
With regard to all the good edits you've added recently, I decided to change your rights to "Autopatroller". This means that your edits no longer have to be double-checked by an admin or other users. Keep up the good work and let me know if you require any help! --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:50, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Oops, sorry Bogdan, kind of jumped the gun here. Didn't realise that you had to be nominated and approved by another admin. I'll nominate you, but I see no reason why you wouldn't be approved anyway. I apologise for the inconvenience. --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:54, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I am now trying to add all the words DEX and I started with the easiest ones, neologisms that should have a simple and clear equivalent in English. There's still around 50k words, so it's a lot of work. :-) Bogdan (talk) 21:29, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

 * It is a tremendous job – I remember when we (ro.Wiktionary), in accordance with the DEX community, imported lemmas from their database a couple of years ago. It was a huge undertaking, but worth it in the long run. Wouldn't you prefer having a bot that added them? The benefits are that it's much faster, edits don't appear in "Recent changes" (hence avoiding a flood of new pages) and you can have it running in the background while you do something else or follow up bot performance. I've personally used Autowikibrowser and it made my life much easier. Let me know if it's something you're willing to consider and I'll see what I can do. --Robbie SWE (talk) 15:35, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I do use some scripts for generating the pages, so what I do has some degree of automation. I don't think I can do it fully automatic because I don't have good English translations for the words (Google Translate is often wrong, particularly with obscure words and other sources might result in copyright issues), so I still have to manually check everything. Bogdan (talk) 19:54, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Ok, thank you for your diligence. Keep it up! --Robbie SWE (talk) 21:07, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Template errors
Hi Bogdan! Please take a look at this notification from Chuck. Please take a break from adding new entries and see if there is an error in the imported syntax or your automation before you start adding again. --Robbie SWE (talk) 23:53, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi. Thanks for the notice. I think I did have some problems with the script and I didn't notice when adding them. Bogdan (talk) 12:16, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Check your template. Seems to happen only when it comes to these diminutive suffixes. --Robbie SWE (talk) 20:22, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I noticed. Any idea if there is a template I can use for puștiulică which doesn't have a definite form for singular? Bogdan (talk) 20:34, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Think I solved it – had to use a manual template. Please take a look at the changes I made to cabalin. Unfortunately, you can't be whitelisted if these kinds of errors persist. --Robbie SWE (talk) 17:32, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Here's another one: semimuscă. CAT:E is rather crowded because of changes to language codes, so it's easy to miss, Chuck Entz (talk) 06:49, 16 March 2021 (UTC)

Capitals
Kantian, Hegelian, Micronesian... capital letters required in English. Equinox ◑ 08:43, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

New issues
Hi Bogdan! Please look through your contributions – today I noticed that beteală, which is uncountable, had a declension table with plural forms. They have to be consistent or else we'll have a lot of cleaning up to do. --Robbie SWE (talk) 16:52, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I found the parameter "n=sg" and I'll use it. We'll need a cleanup bot after I finish, anyway, to fix any inconsistencies and add the pronunciation section. Bogdan (talk) 19:21, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

We also have issues with some of the etymologies, see tocană. --Robbie SWE (talk) 11:29, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the etymology in DEX is probably wrong. I have to do some investigation about it. Bogdan (talk) 11:36, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I also found a couple more errors like tecalemit being from a brand name, not borrowed from French like it said. Bogdan (talk) 11:45, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Yeah, quite a few etymologies from DEX are incorrect. For instance many of the Russian borrowings are in fact French or German and could have entered Romanian through other intermediaries. --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:05, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

Pause adding new entries
Hi Bogdan! Please take a break from adding new entries and address the issues brought up by Ultimateria at decavat. --Robbie SWE (talk) 20:36, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

Etymologies
Please abstain from eliminating ambiguity in etymologies if it exists. I've reverted several of your changes because scholars have not concluded how religious terms have entered Romanian. I also urge you to revise your contributions - many of the terms you've added, especially the ones from Chruch Slavonic, are archaic, dated or highly regional. Adding them the way you did is not benefiting Wiktionary, because they don't belong to a quotidian or mainstream corpus of the Romanian language. That's why we use labels. --Robbie SWE (talk) 23:39, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

 * There is a well-established consensus that the religious terms entered Romanian through the usage of Church Slavonic as liturgical language. Before 18th century, virtually all Orthodox religious services, almost without exception, were done in this language and knowledge of the language was mandatory for all priests. There was no direct contact early on with Greek language as liturgical language and the Proto-Slavic contact earlier on did not result in Christian loans (as the Slavs were still pagan, so we did get quite a few Slavic Pagan words).
 * DEX labels all these as "Old Slavic", which is correct, but ambiguous, since both Proto-Slavic and Old Church Slavonic are "Old Slavic".
 * Also, these are not "archaic, dated or highly regional", unless you consider the whole religion as "archaic or dated", since almost all are mainstream religious terms, still used in the religious milieu. Bogdan (talk) 07:27, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

There are still debates about some of the terms, which might have entered through the Catholic Church which dominated in Transylvania. Therefore scholars debate some of the terms which are present in both Latin and Old Church Slavonic. I'm not implying that all religious terms are archaic, but some of the terms have a highly restricted usage. Others are regional, for instance agudă. --Robbie SWE (talk) 08:17, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Catholic influence over the Romanians (who were Orthodox) was almost nil, at least until 1773, when Greek Catholicism was born. Also, these words are all universal, so they are not confined to Transylvania, which cannot be explained through a Transylvanian origin.
 * Also, this "Catholic" theory is not supported by any major linguist I've read, the consensus is that they're from Church Slavic, you can read any major book on the history of Romanian. Bogdan (talk) 08:30, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

Bogdan, please check your tone here. There are many conflicting theories as to the evolution of Romanian - it's a veritable hornet's nest and it's not up to Wiktionary to pick sides. We present the theories as they are, supported by trustworthy sources. You cannot say that the influence was nil when Transylvanian historians say otherwise. I'm not saying that one side is wrong, what is wrong though, is completely discrediting opposing theories like you did. --Robbie SWE (talk) 09:16, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I am not aware of any modern alternate theory. There were 19th century "Latinist" and "Dacist" theories which are no longer taken into consideration, since they were absurdly pseudo-scientific.

 * Can you please tell me which Transylvanian historians are you talking about? Every publication of the Romanian Academy (including DEX and the compendia on the History of the Romanian language) supports this as self-evident, as are all major linguists which I read (such as Alexandru Rosetti). The only contention I know of is on Crăciun, but the alternative to Slavic is being inherited from Latin, not borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin. Bogdan (talk) 12:06, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

I'm not in any way, shape or form disputing the massive influence Old Church Slavonic has had on Romanian, especially terminology of religious importance. I am however – and have always been – strongly opposed to eliminating ambiguity or presenting theories, prone to change depending on the ideology du jour, as absolute truths. Even DEX itself presents these etymologies differently:
 * chinovie – DER (1958-1966) says it's from Greek, but partially through a Slavic intermediary
 * călugăr – DER (1958-1966) says implicitly that the Slavic intermediary is not necessary
 * camilafcă – DER (1958-1966) doesn't even mention a Slavic intermediary, but a Medieval Latin cognate camelaucum
 * chivot – DER (1958-1966) says it's from Greek, but partially through a Slavic intermediary
 * irod – DER (1958-1966) actually derives it from the proper noun Irod, itself from Greek, only coinciding with the Old Church Slavonic term
 * smirnă – DER (1958-1966) says it's from Greek, but partially through a Slavic intermediary

These are just a few examples and I rely on DER here, because it focuses on etymology, semantic evolution and presenting different – and at times – opposing theories by prominent scholars. It doesn't take anything away from the etymology, but it does give a fuller picture. For instance, you didn't mention that the Old Church Slavonic term that gave agarean in Romanian was itself a borrowing from Greek (mentioned by DER). If you’ve used DEX as a source, then you are obliged to a) add it as a source and b) reflect what it actually says.

 * Ciorănescu did a fantastic work by gathering the consensus of his time, but his book is no longer the consensus of today. Before his time there was a relatively low production of etymological papers of Romanian, so he had to rely even on 19th century and early 20th century scholarship, which was often quite shaky. (but still more professional than even earlier etymologists like Hasdeu, who were risible)

 * Since the 1950s there has been a lot of research on the topic and the current consensus is that almost all of the roughly 250 (mostly religious) Greek terms that were early borrowings came through a Church Slavonic intermediary. And the reason is simple: we know there was simply no direct contact with the Greeks at the time and Greek language knowledge in the Romanian church was close to zero.

 * The language of all books, of the sermons, of church administration and (later on) secular administration was Church Slavonic. For centuries, almost everything that was written in Wallachia and Moldavia was in Church Slavonic. There was no literacy in Romanian, no literacy in Greek or other language.

 * Anyway, based on what I see referenced on this topic in more recent articles (Diacronia, which is an open-access journal), the gold standard appears to be Haralambie Mihăescu, Influenţa grecească asupra limbii române. Pînă în secolul al XV-lea. Editura Academiei. 1966 and his conclusions on the Slavic intermediary were accepted by DEX and other Romanian Academy publications and seems to be taken as granted in all the articles I have read on the topic. Bogdan (talk) 21:51, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

I'm truly grateful for all the work you've done, but I'm also starting to doubt the quality of these contributions. As I said before, it is very important to label terms properly. I'm aware that you've started adding labels, but I'm afraid that you'll have to backtrack and make some significant changes to your contributions, the most important action being to add source. If you've relied on DEX for declension and etymology, you have to make a proper attribution or else you risk being accused of plagiarism. --Robbie SWE (talk) 18:39, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I'm not using only DEX, since it's kinda bad at spelling Slavonic properly (and their choice of transliteration system isn't great, either). Micul Dicționar Academic has the spelling in Cyrillic, but it's even worse than DEX's, so I am using some Old Church Slavonic dictionaries as well to get the spelling right. Bogdan (talk) 21:51, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Dear Bogdan, Please abstain from eliminating ambiguity in etymologies if it exists. Even if you personally find DEX more convincing, I have (and tried) to kept 2 versions of etymology on wiktionary as a lexicographer if debate is not settled. I don't know how you judge that Paliga is not a very reliable source, since he is a scholar in language contact, and Indo-European philology. We must also know that dexonline.ro is NOT supervised by the Romanian Academy so we shouldn't rely on this source only. Chihunglu83 (talk) 00:18, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Paliga has a long list of pseudoscientific claims, especially everything that has to do with his Indo-European philology. His claims of "Thracian" words are based on his "gut feeling" and I don't think they bring anything of value.
 * His "scientific method" is something like this: he's listing every Romanian word that starts with "or-" (or has -or- inside the word) and claim they're all derived from a PIE word, hence they're Thracian. Anyone who knows anything about linguistics knows it's absurd to do it like this.
 * He is trying to find a Romanian etymology for many borrowings, Hungarian, Slavic, Turkic, etc. and that such proto-Slavic words were borrowed from Romanian. This is a bold claim contradicted by every major Slavic linguist. There was no contact between Romanian and Proto-Slavic, as Proto-Slavic used to be spoken too far in the north.
 * He claims some major cities have Romanian etymology instead of Hungarian/Slavic (even when the phonology fits perfectly the Hungarian origin claim), even slang terms that were borrowed in 20th century he claims to be of Thracian origin (for instance, muie, attested 1933 as urban slang is claimed to be of Thracian origin, even though it has a perfectly acceptable etymology).
 * I don't think we should list every fringe view in every etymology. Bogdan (talk) 06:38, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

Saying that there was no direct influence or even contact between Greek and Romanian communities in over 1400 years, and three major periods of Hellenic impact, is just not true – neither from a linguistic, nor a historic point of view. I think we've come to an impasse in this subject – we're just not going to see eye to eye on this.

Regardless if you're using DEX or other works, you need to attribute them if the information is used here. This is to avoid future conflicts and accusations of plagiarism. --Robbie SWE (talk) 18:02, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

stilet
I found a yellow link for the Romanian word stilet. --Apisite (talk) 05:15, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

errors
See lila and stereo. Your entry for infrastructural also had an error, which I tried to fix. Benwing2 (talk) 03:38, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

Milestone
We now have over 50,000 Romanian lemmas! Since you added 3/4 of the entries (if my math and my memory serve), you deserve a pat on the back :) Ultimateria (talk) 05:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Bogdan (talk) 07:05, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

Indeed, great job Bogdan! --Robbie SWE (talk) 17:06, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

pentatlon
How exactly is pentatlon pronounced in Romanian? The answer could help in getting entries like octatlon created. --Apisite (talk) 02:58, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

poligon
Hello. Could you please complete the Romanian entry for with definitions for the senses "teren special amenajat pentru executarea tragerilor de instrucție și de luptă", "teren amenajat și dotat cu instalațiile necesare pentru a face antrenament și a executa probe de tir" and "teren amenajat pentru deprinderea conducerii autovehiculelor"? Thank you. Martin123xyz (talk) 12:44, 18 August 2021 (UTC)

Inflection tables
Hi Bogdan! I'm just wondering how we're supposed to do with genitive/dative forms for pronouns like fiecare or oricare? Fytcha added them under related terms, but it just didn't feel right. --Robbie SWE (talk) 17:22, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I created a declension table as a template. I couldn't use the other template tables since the nominative and accusative are distinct. Bogdan (talk) 21:24, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Hey, I'm only a heritage speaker but I think your newly added declension table in the article fiecare is wrong. Firstly, "fiecărui" (listed in your table as accusative) is (also) a D/G form when it accompanies a noun: "Sarcina fiecărui om" vs "Sarcina fiecăruia". I don't know the linguistic terms but many Romanian pronouns work this way, e.g. unui/unuia, altui/altuia etc. Furthermore, I have never heard fiecărui/fiecărei/fiecăror used in the accusative case. Can you refer me to an example demonstrating this? I failed to find even a single such example online. --Fytcha (talk) 15:28, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to add: We probably have to split the article fiecare into two parts "Determiner" and "Pronoun" as is the case in ăsta. The different parts of speech should also come with different inflection tables (Determiner: fiecărui, Pronoun: fiecăruia). --Fytcha (talk) 17:36, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I've changed according to how I had imagined it. What do you think of it? If you're fine with it, I would change the article fiecare analogously. I still maintain the position that the accusative of fiecare is identical to the nominative but I'd be happy to be proven wrong! --Fytcha (talk) 01:13, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

Răducanu
Hi. Can you make Răducanu please, in honour of, who, to be fair, has far too many potential nationalities. MooreDoor (talk) 09:00, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I assume it's the feminine version of Răducan, but have no knowledge of the language MooreDoor (talk) 09:01, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

Uncountable nouns, but with plurals in declension tables
Hi Bogdan! I'm sorry but I think you'll have to make your bot go through the list of uncountable nouns - you marked them as uncountable, but they seem to have gotten plurals in their declension tables anyway (see morbiditate, aeroelasticitate, etc.). --Robbie SWE (talk) 13:23, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

 * The problem is that I don't know whether they are countable or uncountable.
 * For morbiditate, DEX doesn't specify a plural (hence being uncountable), but the MDA has a plural. link. Bogdan (talk) 13:54, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Weird, in that case maybe we should do as in English and write "uncountable and countable" in the headword section? --Robbie SWE (talk) 14:07, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

Hint
You should always look at entries you create after you create them. If something is wrong, you should either stop and fix it, or get help from someone who can. Just running a script without checking the results is basically the same as running an unauthorized bot- and we block those on sight.

Lately I've taken to deleting etymology sections with module errors due to your misuse of the af template with no prefix or suffix. On occasion I've even deleted an entry or two with fatal module errors as "no usable content given", but I see no evidence that you've even noticed. I just wonder how many entries have similarly blatant and appalling errors in the Romanian that don't trigger module errors. For all you know, Romanian 8-year olds are laughing at you for leaving things in a dictionary that they can easily see are wrong.

You've created a lot of valuable entries, so I'd rather not block you. Still, it gets discouraging to see the same boneheaded errors- errors that anyone who glanced at the entries would immediately notice- it seems like every week or two. Chuck Entz (talk) 23:28, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I'll try to be more careful. Bogdan (talk) 19:05, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

Compound / Confix
Hey Bogdan. I've made but I'm actually starting to doubt the correctness thereof. I think it was correctly categorized as compound before because 'a' is the genitive article and not a prefix, right? Fytcha (talk) 19:53, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes, "a" is part of the genitive. "a Marei" = "[daughter] of Mara". Bogdan (talk) 20:20, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

feudă
Hello,

The entry for feudă says that it's a neuter noun with a definite form feudăul. However, it is in fact a feminine noun with a definite form feuda. The definition is also wrong: "feud" is a prolonged dispute, whereas feudă is "moșie, domeniu pe care vasalul le primea în stăpânire de la seniorul său, în schimbul anumitor obligații", hence "fief". Martin123xyz (talk) 07:58, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

Requests for translations into Romanian
I added a few terms to Category:Requests for translations into Romanian. --Apisite (talk) 21:55, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

Template:ro-fiecare
Hey Bogdan. I have nominated this template for deletion (Requests_for_deletion/Others). If you could chime into that discussion, that would be great. I don't want to delete it before I know your opinion on it. Happy New Year! Fytcha (talk) 20:32, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Reconstruction pages
Just a few examples of what I was talking about:

 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olbǫdь
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/věverica
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mǫka
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vermę
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nevěsta
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čudo
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/porgъ
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stanъ
 * Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vydra

Keep in mind that adding non-Slavic languages like Romanian, Greek and Hungarian directly in the descendants tree, might confuse readers as to which language family they belong to and how they've borrowed the terms. I'm under the impression that it was decided long ago to place them outside the table in order to avoid any confusion. --Robbie SWE (talk) 11:02, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

PS: compare acetum, which despite not being a reconstruction per se, makes a clear distinction between "descendants" and "borrowings". Maybe something we should consider in this case. --Robbie SWE (talk) 11:15, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I am under the impression that nothing specific has been decided but the general approach applies: Be as specific as your knowledge. Formatting reasons may also be considered as always. Fay Freak (talk) 21:55, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

Plurals of Romanian neuter nouns in -or
Hi, I was looking at some Romanian entries and found I was puzzled about the different kinds of plurals displayed for Romanian neuter nouns in -or, including in some cases differences between the headword line and the declension table. Could you clarify what the patterns are for pluralizing neuter words of this type?

Examples:
 * says neuter -tor pluralizes to -toare.
 * Neuter words that show the indefinite plural as "-ori", definite plural as "-orile":, , , ,
 * Neuter words where the headword line shows "-oare", but the declension table shows "-ore":, , , , , , , , ,

And it looks like has the plural coaforuri. Are there other neuter words in -or like it?--Urszag (talk) 06:07, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing this out. -tore is impossible and should always be -toare for neuter nouns. -tori is the correct plural for masculine nouns. I've fixed the ones with -tore. — Fytcha〈 T | L | C 〉 12:27, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you, I'll try to fix this. There are some cases in which there are two possible plurals, like for "colimator", both "colimatori" and "colimatoare", so this means that the noun could be both neutral and masculine genders. Bogdan (talk) 13:05, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Dialectal vs. regional
I agree that we seem to use these labels inconsistently and that we should definitely take a look at it. But even the category "Moldovan Romanian" is found in the meta-category "Regional Romanian". DEX and the Romanian Wiktionary all label it as "reg." not "dial.". So please take this into consideration moving forward – even the category "Romanian dialectal terms" contains a measly 12 entries, whereas the category "Regional Romanian" has over 300+ entries. --Robbie SWE (talk) 18:25, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

 * That's because the Romanian Academy, in its nationalist wisdom during the Ceaușescu era, decided that "Romanian doesn't have dialects", that it's a unitary language (like the unitary Romanian state), which is ridiculous argument. Dialects are not meant to be incomprehensible differences, but small ones. So the word "dialect" and "dialectal" have been some kind of taboo during the era, being replaced with "grai" and "regionalism". Bogdan (talk) 19:51, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * You're entitled to your opinion, however, this is Wiktionary - not the Romanian Academy. I'm just telling you that one category is more common than the other. Robbie SWE (talk) 23:38, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Taxonomic names
Hello. If you want to write a taxonomic name, like Felis domesticus, you can use: (or whatever taxon level it is). This creates useful links that taxon nerds can enjoy. Or something. Have fun. Equinox ◑ 09:15, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

Yiddish borrowings
Hi Bogdan! I'm just wondering if you're sure about the Yiddish etymologies? The only sources I've found for șmecher and fraier, say that they're both from German (probably Saxon). Not denying that Yiddish has had an impact on Romanian, but I'm curious about which sources you're basing those changes on. --Robbie SWE (talk) 09:07, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Romanian slang is often from Yiddish and Roma languages because these were languages spoken in the urban underworld (especially in Bucharest) before WWII. German was definitely not a language used in the poverty-stricken districts of Bucharest (and other cities like Iași). It was, together with French, a language of the elite. As for being Saxon German words, you'd expect them to be found early on in Transylvania, not in Bucharest.

 * Also, the meanings of such slang words are from Yiddish, not from standard German (even though the words do exist in German):

 * "fraier" doesn't have the meaning "sucker" in German, but it does in Yiddish.
 * "mahăr" doesn't have the meaning "important businessman" in German, but it does in Yiddish.
 * "șmecher" (related to now-obsolete slang șmac and smac) comes from the cheap wine merchant's slang, which, in Wallachia were Yiddish speakers, not German speakers.

 * Dan Alexe has an article about this topic. Bogdan (talk) 09:40, 14 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Great! Thanks for the interesting article. Keep up the good work. Robbie SWE (talk) 10:10, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

Wrong Audio Files
Hello,

I noticed that the audio for both and  is a recording of, which has been uploaded by a user with a numeric username. Could you please add the correct files? Thank you Martin123xyz (talk) 17:54, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

 * I don't think there are any recordings for those entries. I just removed the audio. Bogdan (talk) 19:15, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

nemernici
I think you meant wander around here, right? Kind of an easy mistake to make TBH. Acolyte of Ice (talk) 10:34, 25 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes, thank you. Bogdan (talk) 10:36, 25 November 2022 (UTC)

cabaz etymology
I have not been able to find the supposed Ottoman Turkish kabaz in the usual places. It is probably an alteration of, borrowed into Turkish from Persian. See. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 23:46, 17 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you, that's the right etymology. Bogdan (talk) 20:04, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

Learned borrowing
Hi. It’s a little nitpicky, but could you please add one extra letter to your Romanian page template to specify a as opposed to a regular one? I think it applies to about 100% of the words you’re adding (at least as of this latest push) and makes for good semantic refinement. --Biolongvistul (talk) 23:20, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
 * On more careful inspection, a ‘learned borrowing’ is specified to be from a classical source, which is not always the case with these terms. Now I’m not so certain about my first message. I’ll leave it to you to be the judge. --Biolongvistul (talk) 23:27, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
 * While it's often the case to be a "learned borrowing" (i.e. from books), many French words may have been imported by Romanians who went to France to study medicine, law, etc. so it's best not to say they're all like this. Bogdan (talk) 20:08, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Consultation
It would be helpful to categorise Cat:Romanian contractions by whether they are mandatory or optional. How do you think this ought to be done? With ? With usage notes (possibly templatised)? With a new definition‐line template? --Biolongvistul (talk) 08:57, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree that this information should be there, but I'm not sure how it's best to present it. Perhaps it's better to ask in Beer_parlour? Bogdan (talk) 09:19, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I think this is too specialised a topic for WT:BP, but I’ll ask the #italic channel on Discord. --Biolongvistul (talk) 09:45, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

It’s done: Catonif has added  and   parameters to. --Biolongvistul (talk) 15:30, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

Old Church Slavonic etymologies
I see you’re replacing old Slavic borrowings with Old Church Slavonic. How orthodox is this? As I see, WT:ARO explicitly mentions how to deal with these words. And was OCS really a source of non-literary borrowings into Romanian? --Biolongvistul (talk) 15:03, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

 * The language of the Slavs who lived in most of Romania (Transylvania and Wallachia) and the liturgical language of the Orthodox Church were the same language, also known as Old Bulgarian. In Romanian, we call it "slavonă". In Wiktionary, it was decided to use the name "Old Church Slavonic", I guess because that's what the written language (which had a widespread use across the Slavic world) is called.
 * We should separate the borrowings from the liturgical language from the vernacular language by using "learned borrowing" for the words borrowed from the liturgical language. Bogdan (talk) 17:54, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

 * BTW, we have a doublet that is both from the spoken Slavonic and the liturgic Slavonic: sfârși (spoken) vs săvârși (learned). The first one is just adapted from the spoken language which was probably pronounced sâvrși --> svârși --> sfârși (all common phonetic changes in Slavonic borrowings), whereas the learned one is simply based on a more modern pronunciation of Bulgarian, which pronounces "ъ" as "ă". Bogdan (talk) 21:01, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

 * As for WT:ARO, that seems to have been copy-pasted from the Hungarian section, where it might have some sense, certainly more than in Romanian. In Hungarian, it's a bit harder to understand the source of a Slavic word, as they had many Slavic neighbors: Slavonic, Slovak, Serbian and lost dialects between those. Also, the phonetics seem to be a bit messier, but I probably don't know enough to say for sure.
 * In Romanian, it's simpler: the bulk import of Slavic words (common to all dialects or just in Transylvania) are from Slavonic / Old Bulgarian. If a word is just in Wallachia, it's usually (middle/modern) Bulgarian, if it's just in Banat, it's Serbian, if it's just in Moldavia it's Old East Slavic or Ukrainian.
 * From Proto-Slavic we probably have no clear direct borrowings and very few that could be even considered, like stăpân or jupân. Bogdan (talk) 20:50, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Woah. Well, I trust you! —Biolongvistul (talk) 22:38, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

tarac / taraș
The definitions of Romanian and  describe each as an alternative form of the other. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 18:36, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Indirect transitive
Do you think we should use indtr in Romanian entries? And, if not, should non‐reflexive verbs that only take a propositional object be labeled as transitive or intransitive? ―Biolongvistul (talk) 18:44, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

Category:Romanian terms suffixed with -amente
Is -amente really a Romanian suffix? Ignoring that the a probably doesn't belong in the title, I see that all(?) the pages in it are from surface analyses. But surface analyses only make sense when the elements exist in the language. I propose that we remove these surface analyses and include the corresponding adjectives in Related terms sections. Ultimateria (talk) 03:41, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Well, it's a rarely-used suffix to create Romanian words inside the language, but it does feel like the suffix does exist in Romanian. For instance, some French borrowings are adapted to it: forțamente is basically a loan translation of forcément using the Romanian forță and -amente. Bogdan (talk) 07:25, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

Todo/Lists/Entries linking to raw template syntax
The Romanian ones seem to be pretty much all instances of  added by you. The problem is that ro-noun-f uses the pl parameter for the genitive/dative singular forms, and the def parameter for the nominative/accusative definite. Since you added 379 of those, that means a huge number of entries where the only form that correctly displays in the declension table is already shown in the headword. It looks okay, until you click "show" to look at the forms. Unless I'm mistaken, and the preceding one made the plural unnecessary in such cases, so it should be pretty straightforward to fix the genitive/dative forms. I have no clue what to do about the nominative/accusative definite forms, though. Chuck Entz (talk) 01:27, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

Comițig
Hi! What is the basis of the Slavic loan here? I'd like to link it but I can't tell what morpheme this belongs to. Anarhistička Maca (talk) 07:09, 27 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Kiss Lajos says it's from a word related to Czech, being related to Slovak placenames , , Hungarian . Bogdan (talk) 20:21, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bogdan


text:
dimãndu

Etymology
Inherited from.

Verb

 * 1) to order, command
 * 2) to demand

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: dimãndu


text:
Clydesdale

Etymology 1
Named because they were bred in the valley of the in Scotland; see.

Noun

 * 1) A particularly large and powerful breed of rare draft horse.
 * 2)  A heavier than usual athlete (Over 200 lbs for men, over 145 lbs for women)
 * 3)  A very morbidly obese person.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:fat person

Translations

 * Finnish: clydesdalenhevonen

Etymology 2
From

Proper noun

 * 1) A former district in  Region, Scotland, renamed from  in 1980, and abolished in 1996 along with the region.
 * 1) A former district in  Region, Scotland, renamed from  in 1980, and abolished in 1996 along with the region.

title: Clydesdale


text: Category:Kilts

title: Category:Kilts


text:
searing

Adjective

 * 1) very hot; blistering or boiling
 * 2)  having a sensation of intense sudden heat
 * 3)  unbearably intense or emotionally powerful
 * 4) damning; critical; scathing
 * 1) damning; critical; scathing
 * 1) damning; critical; scathing

Noun

 * 1) action of the verb to sear
 * 2) cooking food quickly at high temperature
 * 1) cooking food quickly at high temperature
 * 1) cooking food quickly at high temperature

Derived terms

 * searing-iron

title: searing


text:
semiotic

Etymology
Borrowed from, ultimately derived from. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to semiotics or to semantics.
 * 2)  Of or relating to the signs or symptoms of diseases.
 * 1)  Of or relating to the signs or symptoms of diseases.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Interlingua: semiotic
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: семиотички
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: semiotisk
 * Nynorsk: semiotisk
 * Portuguese: semiótico
 * Romanian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: семиотски
 * Roman: semiotski
 * Spanish: semiótico

Etymology
.

title: semiotic


text:
Semitist

Noun

 * 1) someone who studies the history, languages and cultures of the Semitic peoples

title: Semitist


text: silicious

title: silicious


text:
siliceous

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, relating to, consisting of, or resembling silica or silicates.

 * 1)  Comprised of biogenic silicate minerals. Contrasted with the inorganic term siliciclastic.

Translations

 * Dutch: kiezelhoudend, kiezelachtig, kiezel-
 * French:
 * German: kieselhaltig, kieselartig, Kiesel-
 * Italian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: kiselhaltig, kiselartad, kisel-

title: siliceous


text:
User:JFPerry~enwiktionary

Wiktionary projects:

 * 1) glossary and terms related to Category:Highland games, including kilts
 * 2) glossary and terms related to Category:Cycling, including cycle racing and bicycle parts

Laer, I may turn to Latin language entries and translations.

My Wikipedia user page

title: User:JFPerry~enwiktionary


text:
thin-layer chromatography

Noun

 * 1)  A form of chromatography in which the solid phase is silica gel or a similar inert material supported on a glass plate.

Synonyms

 * (abbrev.)

Translations

 * Danish: tyndtlagskromatografi
 * Indonesian: kromatografi lapis tipis
 * Malay: kromatografi lapisan nipis

title: thin-layer chromatography


text:
baş

Usage notes

 * The spelling of this word using the ş is following the standard (Daco-) Romanian orthography. The normal way of spelling it in Aromanian is with 'sh' as in the form or.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  head
 * 2)  head
 * 3) beginning the initial portion of some extended thing
 * 4) end, side
 * 5) main, head
 * 1) beginning the initial portion of some extended thing
 * 2) end, side
 * 3) main, head
 * 1) main, head
 * 1) main, head
 * 1) main, head
 * 1) main, head

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) head
 * 2) boss
 * 3) beginning

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) head

Adjective

 * 1) good

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  head

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) head

Etymology 1
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  head
 * 2) leader of a group
 * 3) outset of something
 * 4) beginning
 * 5) top, summit

Adjective

 * 1) first, primal, principal

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  wound

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  head

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) wound

title: baş


text:
Houdini

Etymology
Invented by Harry Houdini from the French magician Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin.

Proper noun

 * 1) The magician and escape artist Harry Houdini.

Noun

 * 1) An escape artist.

Usage notes

 * Used attributively, as in:
 * A delighted Thurlow described his performance as "a real Houdini act". – (BBC news report)

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Japanese: フーディーニ, フーディニ
 * Marathi: हूडीनी
 * Russian: Гуди́ни

Verb

 * 1)  To escape a difficult situation quickly.

title: Houdini


text:
raton

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) young rat
 * 2) raccoon

Etymology 2
The same as etymology 1, influenced by.

Noun

 * 1)  someone of Arab or Algerian descent

Etymology
From and  and.

Noun

 * 1) mouse

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) raccoon

title: raton


text:
trã

Etymology
From.

Preposition

 * 1) for, about

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wide-mouthed, shallow-based, earthenware cooking pot

title: trã


text:
bască

Etymology
. Possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) Piece of wool.

Usage notes

 * This form of the word uses the (Daco-) Romanian orthography; see alternative forms for others.

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) beret

Etymology 2
Feminine form of the adjective, from.

Noun

 * 1) Basque language

title: bască


text:
User:Bogdan

I am currently working on Romanian language words.

To add

 * ✅ add all species of birds in Romania - list from the Romanian Ornithological Society
 * add species of plants in Romania - list from a 1970s book
 * add entries (with etymology and declension) for all Romanian words that are in DEX.
 * add etymology for all Romanian lemmas
 * add declension for all Romanian lemmas
 * add all placenames in Romania and Moldova with etymologies, including former official names (progress: 9k / ~20k)
 * add top 10000 family names in Romania
 * add all missing words that have been used in at least 3 places on Romanian Wikisource
 * make a bot for generating non-lemmas for Romanian words (after finishing with lemma creation)
 * all Romanian red links User:Jberkel/lists/wanted/latest

To modify

 * ✅ etyl cleanup/ro
 * ✅ change Turkish borrowings to Ottoman Turkish (Ottoman dictionary)
 * change Turkish placenames to Ottoman Turkish
 * change Proto-Slavic borrowings / Slavic languages to Old Church Slavonic (OCS dictionary)

To monitor

 * Category:Requests concerning Romanian

Missing English terms

 * underevaluation
 * self-destroy
 * trichromy see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichromy
 * snow gauge
 * semi-nomadism
 * semi-basement
 * neocommunist

http://www.diacronia.ro/ro/journal/issue/11/A158/ro/pdf -- wrong etymologies in DEX.

Books
I own the physical copies of these books, if you need any information from them, you can ask me:

title: User:Bogdan


text:
ethnography

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of anthropology that scientifically describes specific human cultures and societies.
 * 2) An ethnographic work.
 * 1) An ethnographic work.
 * 1) An ethnographic work.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: etnografie
 * Arabic: عِلْم الإِنْسََان التَطْبِيقِيّ
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bashkir: этнография
 * Belarusian: этнагра́фія, etnahrafija
 * Catalan:
 * Crimean Tatar: qavmiyat
 * Czech: etnografie
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: etnografio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ეთნოგრაფია
 * German:, Ethnografie, Völkerbeschreibung
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: मानवजातिविज्ञान
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: eitneagrafaíocht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 民俗誌学,  民俗誌
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: ជាតិពន្ធុវិទ្យា
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latvian: etnogrāfija
 * Moroccan Amazigh: ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: talalahian
 * Thai: ชาติพันธุ์วรรณนา
 * Ukrainian: етнографія
 * Vietnamese: dân tộc ký
 * Yiddish: עטנאָגראַפֿיע

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:

title: ethnography


text:
kilt pin

Noun

 * 1) A pin, somewhat similar in shape, though larger than, a safety pin or bobby pin, which is inserted through the outer, front apron, or through both aprons of a kilt or a kilt-skirt.

title: kilt pin


text:
thin layer chromatography

Translations

 * Hawaiian: hōʻauikala papa lahilahi
 * Portuguese: cromatografia em camada delgada

title: thin layer chromatography


text:
tympan

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A piece of cloth padding placed under the platen of a letterpress to distribute the pressure on the sheet being printed.
 * 2)  The stretched membrane of a drum.
 * 3)  A percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder with such a membrane at each end.
 * 4)  A tympanum.
 * 5) The tympanum of the ear.
 * 1) The tympanum of the ear.

Etymology
., which was inherited.

Noun

 * 1)  eardrum
 * 2)  middle ear
 * 3)  tympanum
 * 4)  treadwheel, treadmill
 * 5)  hydraulic wheel
 * 6)  various percussion instruments, such as gongs, tympans, tambourines, etc.

title: tympan


text: tympana

title: tympana


text: tympani

title: tympani


text: tympanist

title: tympanist


text:
timpanist

Noun

 * 1) Someone who plays the timpani.

Translations

 * Finnish: patarumpali
 * French: ,
 * Irish: tiompánaí
 * Italian: timpanista

Etymology
.

title: timpanist


text: catalogues

title: catalogues


text:
tympanoplasty

Noun

 * 1)  Reconstructive surgery to the middle ear or eardrum

Translations

 * Italian:

title: tympanoplasty


text:
tympany

Etymology
Coined based on.

Noun

 * 1) The sound made by beating a drum.
 * 2)  Tympanites (distention of the abdomen).
 * 3) Inflation; conceit; bombast; turgidness.

title: tympany


text:
tympanites

Etymology
Coined based on.

Noun

 * 1)  A distended abdomen as a result of an accumulation of gas.

Synonyms

 * tympanism

Translations

 * Ottoman Turkish: طولاب
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: meteorismo

title: tympanites


text:
typal

Adjective

 * of, relating to, or being a type; typical

title: typal


text:
typecast

Verb

 * 1)  To cast an actor in the same kind of role repeatedly.
 * 2) To identify one as being of a specific type because of one's appearance, colour, religion etc.
 * 3)  To cast (change of data type of a variable or object).
 * 4)  To found type in a mold.
 * 1)  To found type in a mold.
 * 1)  To found type in a mold.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Hungarian:

 * Catalan:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:, zaszufladkować

 * Bulgarian: конверти́ране на ти́пове
 * Polish: rzutować

title: typecast


text:
typescript

Noun

 * 1) typewritten material, especially such a copy of a manuscript

Translations

 * Bulgarian: машинопис
 * Catalan: mecanoscrit
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Irish: clóscríbhinn
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: dactiloscrito, datiloscrito,
 * Scottish Gaelic: clò-sgrìobhadh
 * Spanish: mecanuscrito, mecanoscrito,, tapuscrito,
 * Turkish: daktilo yazısı

Verb

 * 1)  To transcribe into typewritten form.

title: typescript


text:
typestyle

Noun

 * 1) A specific typeface.

title: typestyle


text:
typewrite

Etymology
Back-formation from.

Verb

 * 1)  To type using a typewriter.
 * 2) * 1925, William Frederick Book, Learning to Typewrite: With a Discussion of the Psychology and Pedagogy of Skill, The Gregg pub. co.,
 * These facts are set forth for learning to typewrite in Part II of this book.
 * 1) * 1935, New Jersey Secondary School Teachers' Association, Lord Dufferin School. Old Boys Association, Yearbook, page 215,
 * IF THE businessman discovers that his new office worker cannot spell, typewrite, compute percentage or punctuate properly, he is immediately confronted with a series of in-training problems.
 * 1) * 1944, Robert Luther Duffus, The Innocents at Cedro: A Memoir of Thorsein Veblen and Some Others, The Macmillan company, page 71,
 * I began to typewrite copy letters for him, and I have never been long free from the typewriter since.
 * 1) * 1994, Kas Mazurek and Margret A. Winzer, Comparative Studies in Special Education, Gallaudet University Press, page 193,
 * Third, a major barrier for blind and physically handicapped children is removed by permitting them to typewrite their answers during public examinations.

title: typewrite


text:
typhlitis

Noun

 * 1)  Inflammation of the blind gut.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Italian: tiflite
 * Spanish: tiflitis

title: typhlitis


text:
blind gut

Noun

 * 1)  The caecum of the intestines.

title: blind gut


text:
typhlology

Noun

 * 1)  The scientific study of blindness.

title: typhlology


text:
typhlosole

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A fold in the surface of the intestines of some invertebrates etc that increases its digestive surface area.

title: typhlosole


text:
وڪي لغت

Proper noun

 * 1) Wiktionary

title: وڪي لغت


text:
typhoidin

Noun

 * 1) A substance produced by culturing typhoid bacilli that is used to indicate the presence of typhoid fever.

title: typhoidin


text: bacilli

title: bacilli


text:
User:Vildricianus/monobook.css

/* */

/* import skin */ @import url(http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=User:Vildricianus/universal.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css);

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/* no logo on wikt */ display:none; }  padding-top:0; }  border-top:none; }
 * 1) p-logo {
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 * 1) p-navigation .pBody {

/* off */ display:none !important; }
 * 1) pt-logout,
 * 2) t-recentchangeslinked,
 * 3) t-print,
 * 4) t-permalink,
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/* weird stuff */ .gender-period { display:inline; } .RU { font-family:Times New Roman !important; font-size:130%; } .IPA { font-family:Courier New !important; }  display:none } /* */
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title: User:Vildricianus/monobook.css


text:
tyramine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A compound which occurs naturally in cheese and other foods and can cause dangerously high blood pressure in people taking a.

title: tyramine


text:
phenolic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, relating to, or derived from a phenol.

Translations

 * Catalan: fenòlic
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: fenólico
 * Spanish: fenólico
 * Welsh: ffenolig

Noun

 * 1)  A phenol compound.
 * 2) Any thermosetting resin manufactured from phenols and aldehydes.
 * 3) Any of a large group of pigments and flavouring agents, especially those found in grapes and wine.

title: phenolic


text: phenolics

title: phenolics


text:
yksinäisyys

Noun

 * 1) loneliness, solitude

title: yksinäisyys


text:
tyrannosaur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Any large bipedal carnivorous dinosaur, of the family, that lived in North America during the Cretaceous period.

Synonyms

 * tyrannosaurus

Translations

 * Arabic: تيرانوصور
 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: tyrannilisko
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: טירנוזאורוס
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: tiranossaurídeo
 * Romanian: tiranozaur
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: тираноза́вр

title: tyrannosaur


text: Category:Winter sports

title: Category:Winter sports


text:
atonic

Adjective

 * 1)  unstressed
 * 2)  not having tone pitch
 * 3)  Lacking muscle tone.
 * 4)  Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy.
 * an atonic disease
 * an atonic disease

Translations

 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Polish:

 * Polish:

 * Polish:

Noun

 * 1)  A sound with lack of tone or vocality.

Etymology
.

title: atonic


text:
diamond paste

Noun

 * 1)  A paste used to polish the steels, containing microscopic diamond particles

title: diamond paste


text: Category:Luge

title: Category:Luge


text:
User:Sajasaze

I am Sajasaze ( Sajasazi on gothic and Icelandic wikis ).

Gothic

 * /gotique
 * transcription // Wulfila // dico got-grc-de // dico en-got // Wright's grammar of the gothic language

What I've already done

 * Cleared the Category:Translations to be checked (Gothic) (4)
 * Cleared the Category:Translations to be checked (French) (160)
 * Gothic alphabet
 * Appendix:Gothic strong declension
 * Appendix:Gothic weak declension
 * Appendix:Gothic minor declensions

What I have to do

 * Check the Category:Gothic language
 * Check the Category:French language
 * Index:Gothic

ang:User:Sajasaze fr:Utilisateur:Sajasaze

title: User:Sajasaze


text: Template:User non-1

title: Template:User non-1


text:
-esque

Etymology
From, from , from , of  origin, from , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Suffix

 * 1) In the style or manner of;
 * 2) Resembling;
 * 1) Resembling;
 * 1) Resembling;

Translations
''Note: these translations are a guide only. For more precise translations, see individual words ending in'' -esque.

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: -isk
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: -eca,, laŭ-…-a
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: -е́скный
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, -iskt,
 * Thai:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: -agtig, -lignende
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: -eca, -simila, -ŝajna
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: -подо́бный
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, -likt,
 * Thai:, ,

Etymology
..

title: -esque


text:
User:Dvortygirl/sandbox

 *  Audio (FR) ?,

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! —Dvortygirl 02:18, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Dvortygirl/sandbox


text:
gaping

Etymology 1
From, , variants of , , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Wide open.
 * 2) Having the jaw wide open, as in astonishment or stupefaction.
 * 1) Having the jaw wide open, as in astonishment or stupefaction.
 * 1) Having the jaw wide open, as in astonishment or stupefaction.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀχανής
 * Irish: béal-leata, doirseach, fuinneogach
 * Latin: hiulcus
 * Maori: pirara
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,

Etymology 2
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who gapes.
 * 2) Something gaping; something.
 * 3) A threat or courtship behavior in animals involving holding the mouth open and displaying the teeth or other interior features.
 * 1) A threat or courtship behavior in animals involving holding the mouth open and displaying the teeth or other interior features.

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀνάπτυξις

title: gaping


text:
oil shale

Noun

 * 1) A sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which petroleum-like shale oil can be produced by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution.

Translations

 * Danish: olieskifer
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: põlevkivi
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: olíuleirsteinn
 * Italian: scisto bituminoso
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: oljeskifer
 * Nynorsk: oljeskifer
 * Portuguese: xisto betuminoso
 * Russian: горю́чий сла́нец
 * Swedish: oljeskiffer
 * Thai: หินน้ำมัน

title: oil shale


text:
User:Hpetwe~enwiktionary

Hi, I'm Hpetwe. I'm new to Wiktionary. I'm also a part of Wikinews and Wikipedia.

title: User:Hpetwe~enwiktionary


text:
shale oil

Noun

 * 1) A synthetic crude oil obtained by the pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution of oil shale.
 * 2) A crude oil obtained from low permeability petroleum-bearing formations (shales).
 * 1) A crude oil obtained from low permeability petroleum-bearing formations (shales).

title: shale oil


text:
Talk:gypsy

Every example pejorative
Every example actully used in this is perjorative. 2 of the definitions were perjorative. Please remember there was a section of Auschwitz for Gypsies -- rmo13, 19 February 2006

I have spent a couple of hours yesterday looking at this issue and couple of others using Google for the Gypsy page. (See wikipedia:Talk:Gypsy) But in in summary:

Not one of the three dictionaries I have in my house mention it is pejorative althought as a by the OPD gives preference to Gipsy.

In British English it is not pejorative: One of the pressure groups which represent traveling people and have represented Gypsies and Travelers in Parliamentry committes are Gypsy & Traveller Law Reform Coalition if Gypsy were a derogatory term, why do they use it? Trevor Phillips - Chair Commission for Racial Equality said
 * "The Commission for Racial Equality firmly supports the work of the Gypsy and Traveller Law Reform Coalition, which is playing a critical role in driving improvements for Gypsies and Travellers, and providing a powerful voice to lobby for change. There are clearly huge challenges ahead - and we hope to work closely with the coalition in taking this and our own Gypsy and Traveller strategy forward."''

See also East Anglian Gypsy Council (EAGC) ''Why Romani/ Gypsy? Roma is the name that a particular ethnic group of gypsies call themselves. Througout the world they have been known as Romani ((feminin)or Romano (masculine) Gypsies for the past six hundred years. However not all of the people known as Gypsies in the world or indeed in Britain are Roma. Irish Traveling People are an example, so to be inclusive of those Gypsies of other ethnic origins we on this web site use Romani/Gypsy to describe a wider community. '' They seem to make a distinction that the British Governent does not that Gypsy includes Travallers, but they are quite willing to use the term and they do not say that it is pejorative.

I think the problem of if being considered pejorative is probably to do with word in other languages being consided pejorative, and as the word is translated into English as Gyspy native speakers of that language assume that it is also pejorative in English.

In Britian to use the word Gypsy is no more insulting than calling Germans German. Just as there are pejorative words which can be used as to describe all other groups in Britain, there are pejorative words for Gypsies, but Gypsy is not more pejorative than the word Welsh. The Welsh do not call themselves in Welsh in Welsh, but that does not make the word Welsh pejorative in English.

If the sentence "A member of the Roma. This term is considered pejorative by many and by the Roma themselves." then it needs a verifiablereference to reliable, published source. Here is one which clearly indicates that it is not Commission for Racial Equality:Gypsies and Travellers: the facts -- Philip Baird Shearer 14:40, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the effort - The Webster entry dates from the age of eugenics. Warning is needed for the unwary. Usage by individuals varies, including within the Roma community, which as a stateless group, is definitely not uniform. I have introduced "Gypsy" since capitalization definitely helps and may be essential disambiguation of usage. (btw "Dutch" and "welshed" seem perjoative to me, but maybe not "scotched" or "english")
 * Can we agree that uncapitalized is perjorative?

A less perjorative use is as a synonym to bohemian, ie, carefree, unconvetional. (although my American Anglo-Saxon Protestant ancestors used both bohemian and Bohemian perjoratively.) Rmo13 15:39, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

pejorative?
i think someone on a mission has been putting in these "pejorative" terms everywhere and trying to rearrange the list of standard gypsy features to put thieving at the top of the list. gypsy in normal usage, at least in the US, and apparently also in the UK (according to other comments on this page) is NOT pejorative. most people, afaik, think of gypsies as being itinerant musicians, street performers, having exotic costumes, living at the fringes of society, etc. and some (esp. women, i think) may refer to themselves as gypsies (cf. Stevie Nicks) if they feel an affinity towards the way of life of the gypsies. those who keep insisting on saying that words like "gypsy" are pejorative are confusing pejorative terms with racism. someone who is racist towards gypsies/Roma/whatever will often turn any name for them into an insult. but that doesn't mean the term itself should be considered pejorative. for example, grade school buys routinely insult others by calling them gay, but that doesn't make "gay" as a term referring to homosexual men an insult among society at large. similarly for expressions such as "to jew someone down" w.r.t. Jews. Uqbar 05:47, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

the above seems quite romantisised remember we are talking about an oppressed ethnic group who never gave themselves the term Gypsy it was imposed on them by Europieans who thought they came out of Egypt it's not the same as calling a German a German .Germans call themselves German many Rom find Gypsy pejorative and those who do use it feel outsiders shouldn't pop culture has romantisised the term to the point most of the western world feel it's a way of life not an ethnic group and simply calling your self a Gypsy dressing the garb and playing make believe is insulting as well, most of what I read here is like saying it's also okay to call an African a nigger it's not okay it's also imposed and both are pejorative capitalise or not

Anonymous Contributor: As a gay person, the use of "that's so gay" is using it in a pejorative context. The same way that "jewed" as a verb is derogatory, the same way that "Gyped" should be viewed as derogatory by introducing a cultural bias that intrinsically associates these communities in a negative light.

Anonymous Contributor: Let's wait till region of origin, country of origin, birth date, zodiac sign, hair style, facial features, breathing patterns, having a weird ancestor 1000 years ago, cigarette preferences, book preferences, eye color, toe size, favorite moon phase in The Lord of The Rings and others become a pejorative too.

Greatly insultive towards Romani people
Reading this I do not feel the explanation properly respects the Romani people.

The 1st meaning should reflect the etymology which is that the word Gypsy is a short form of the word 'Egyptian'. This is the true meaning of the word within both the English & French language. Gypsy = Egyptian. The 2nd meaning should be that it is used in connection to the NW Indian originating people known as the Roms / Roma. This being due to the fact that through history many people have mistaken them as being Egyptian. It should respectfully mention how many Roms take the term Gypsy as an insult.

The term Gypsy should never be used in connection with any other nomadic or travelling associated people other than the Roms / Roma as the Roms are the only group to have been mistaken as being Egyptian. To class any other group as being "Gipsy" is a form of racism as it is built on anti-Romani stereotypes and prejudices that are based simply on the assumption of a supposed similar low status.

In addition to this many Romani families do not actually travel. Roms (gitanos) in Spain would often live in caves and many Roms in Romani & Hungary live in Romani neighbourhoods called a 'Mahala'.

 * The etymology already says, "From Middle English, Old French , from Latin . See Egyptian:." Is that somehow incomplete?  As for the definitions, this project reports how people actually do or once did use words.  If a particular sense is considered offensive, we indicate that with a tag like "pejorative" or "offensive", but we don't actually suppress a definition just because its use is considered offensive.  Does that make sense?  Rod (A. Smith) 02:27, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The word for a Gypsy quarter in Bulgaria is also mahala (махала), but I had no idea that the word may be the same in Hungarian, which is quite distant (from etymological point of view)from Bulgarian. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 11:42, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:gypsy


text:
have bats in one's belfry

Etymology
1899, from tendency of bats to fly around erratically, with “belfry” indicating “head, mind”.

Verb

 * 1)  To be crazy or eccentric.
 * Anyone declaring himself Emperor of San Francisco probably had bats in his belfry.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:insane

Translations

 * Danish: have rotter på loftet
 * Esperanto: havi muŝon en la cerbo
 * Finnish: olla sekaisin, olla latvasta laho, olla häkää yliskamarissa
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: nincs ki a négy kereke
 * Italian: mancare di qualche rotella, essere svitato
 * Polish:
 * Russian: винтика в голове не хватает,, , сорвало ба́шню, шарики за ро́лики заехали
 * Spanish:

title: have bats in one's belfry


text: Wiktionary:Word of the day/February 22

title: Wiktionary:Word of the day/February 22


text: Template:enPRchar

title: Template:enPRchar


text:
Super G

Translations

 * Swedish: Super G

title: Super G


text:
downhill

Adverb

 * 1) Down a slope.
 * Because we got to the summit of the mountain, we could only go downhill from there.
 * 1)  Deteriorating, getting worse.
 * After Don made those tasteless remarks, our relationship with him went downhill.
 * 1)  Deteriorating, getting worse.
 * After Don made those tasteless remarks, our relationship with him went downhill.
 * After Don made those tasteless remarks, our relationship with him went downhill.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: надо́лу
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: დაღმართი
 * German:
 * Italian: in discesa
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: prōclīvī
 * Maori: ki raro
 * Plautdietsch: boajauf
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ladeira abaixo
 * Romanian: la vale, în aval
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ни̏збрдо
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: cuesta abajo
 * Tagalog: dalhak

Adjective

 * 1) Located down a slope or hill.
 * 2) Going down a slope or a hill.
 * 3)  Easy.
 * 1)  Easy.

Usage notes

 * "Easy" sense: comparative and superlative are usually made with and.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: დაღმართი
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κατάντης
 * Latin: dēclīvis, prōclīvis
 * Norwegian: i en skråning
 * Tamil: சரிவில்

 * Bulgarian: нанадолен
 * Finnish: ,
 * Latin: dēclīvis, dēvexus
 * Norwegian: kjøre utfor
 * Russian:
 * Tagalog: dalhak

Noun

 * 1)  The fastest of the disciplines of alpine skiing.
 * 2)  A rapid descent of a hill in related sports, especially in alpine skiing.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: kiirlaskumine
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: სწრაფდაშვება
 * German:
 * Italian: discesa libera
 * Norwegian: utfor
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:, prueba de descenso
 * Swedish:

Verb

 * 1) To take part in downhill skiing.

Noun

 * 1)  skiing

title: downhill


text:
municycling

Noun

 * 1) Off-road unicycling

title: municycling


text:
bobsleigh

Etymology
From, the short runners on which the bobsleigh is based (as opposed to a usual sleigh on long runners continuing all the way along the vehicle); further etymology unclear. Attested since 1839 as, long before the invention of the sport.

Noun

 * 1)  A sleigh for saw logs or heavy timber resting on two pairs of two short runners.
 * 2)  A winter sport in which teams make timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked purpose-built iced tracks in a gravity-powered sled.
 * 3)  The sled used in the sport of bobsleigh.

Synonyms

 * (USA/Canada)
 * (USA/Canada)

Translations

 * Finnish: parireki
 * Malecite-Passamaquoddy: suwhewik

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 有舵雪橇
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: rattikelkkailu
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 봅슬레이
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: bobsleigh
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 有舵雪橇, 長雪橇, 長橇
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, Rennbob, Rennschlitten
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:

Verb

 * 1) To ride a bobsleigh.

Etymology
or.

Etymology
.

title: bobsleigh


text:
blurt out

Verb

 * 1)  To say suddenly, without thinking
 * When in court, it is inadvisable to blurt out the first thing you think of. Instead, take time to construct coherent sentences.

title: blurt out


text:
scrawny

Etymology
A variant of dialectal, perhaps from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Alternatively, perhaps from.

Adjective

 * , malnourished, and weak.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:scrawny

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: mager
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, , , , , csontsovány, ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: мр́шав, сув, и́сушен
 * Norwegian:, radmager, skrinn/skrant, skranglet
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: magrelo,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:, , , escuchimizado, , , , , ,
 * Swedish:, , , ,
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: худорлявий, кістлявий

title: scrawny


text:
biathlon

Etymology
From, modelled after.

Noun

 * 1)  Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting;  a particular instance of such a race.

Usage notes
Not to be confused with or.

Translations

 * Asturian: biatlón
 * Azerbaijani: biatlon
 * Basque: biatloi
 * Belarusian: біятло́н
 * Bulgarian: биатло́н
 * Catalan: biatló
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 冬季兩項, 兩項比賽, 兩項競賽
 * Czech:
 * Danish: skiskydning
 * Dutch: biathlon ,
 * Esperanto: biatlono
 * Estonian: laskesuusatamine
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ბიატლონი
 * German:
 * Greek: δίαθλο
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: skíðaskotfimi
 * Irish: dé-atlan
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 바이애슬론
 * Latvian: biatlons
 * Limburgish: biatlon
 * Lithuanian: biatlonas
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: skiskyting
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: biatlo
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: би̏атлон
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: biatlon
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: biatlón
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ทวิกีฬาฤดูหนาว
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: біатло́н

Noun

 * 1) biathlon

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, or 🇨🇬, ultimately from ..

Usage notes

 * For notes on the spelling, see.

Declension
Invariable besides the genitive form.

title: biathlon


text:
danza su ghiaccio

Noun

 * 1) ice dancing

title: danza su ghiaccio


text:
ice dancing

Noun

 * 1) A form of figure skating, performed by a man and a woman to the beat of music.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 冰舞
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: danse sur glace
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Maltese: żfin fuq is-silġ
 * Norwegian: isdans
 * Polish: pary taneczne
 * Russian: та́нцы на льду́
 * Swedish:

title: ice dancing


text:
ski jumping

Noun

 * 1) A winter sport in which skiers ski down a take-off ramp and attempt to jump as far as possible.

Translations

 * Belarusian: скачкі́ на лы́жах з трамплі́ну
 * Bulgarian: ски скокове
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 跳台滑雪
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: suusahüpped
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: skíðastökk
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 스키점프
 * Latvian: tramplīnlēkšana, lēkšana ar slēpēm no tramplīna
 * Mongolian: цанын харайлт
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: skihopping
 * Nynorsk: skihopping
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: salto de esqui
 * Romanian: săritură cu schiuri, salt cu schiuri
 * Russian: прыжки́ на лы́жах с трампли́на
 * Serbo-Croatian: skijaški skokovi
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: стрибки з трампліна

title: ski jumping


text:
lägga en pizza

Etymology
Literally "to lay down a pizza".

Verb

 * 1)  to vomit

title: lägga en pizza


text:
communication mix

Noun

 * 1)  The range of approaches and expressions of a marketing idea developed with the hope that it be effective in conveying the ideas to the diverse population of people who receive it.
 * You must know how to use the elements of the communication mix to communicate the product's existence, value and benefits to the target customers.

title: communication mix


text:
Wiktionary:English entry templates

General
Entry templates are used to help the creation of new entries. They are used as possible choices if there is no exact match when searching.

The possible choices are controlled by the following templates:
 * MediaWiki:Nogomatch
 * Project-Nogomatch

Note: You must choose English as your language in Preferences in order to see the them.

title: Wiktionary:English entry templates


text:
Balmoral

Etymology 1
Castle name first appears in writing as Bouchmorale in 1451. Formed from a combination of and an uncertain second element. The second element may be, equivalent to 🇨🇬 + 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * , that is a private residence of the British sovereign.

Etymology 2
From, + , from ).

title: Balmoral


text:
tyrannous

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Tyrannical, despotic or oppressive.
 * 2) * 1881,, “Soothsay” in Ballads and Sonnets, London: Ellis & White, pp. 269-270,
 * The affinities have strongest part In youth, and draw men heart to heart: As life wears on and finds no rest, The individual in each breast Is tyrannous to sunder them.
 * 1) * 1881,, “Soothsay” in Ballads and Sonnets, London: Ellis & White, pp. 269-270,
 * The affinities have strongest part In youth, and draw men heart to heart: As life wears on and finds no rest, The individual in each breast Is tyrannous to sunder them.
 * The affinities have strongest part In youth, and draw men heart to heart: As life wears on and finds no rest, The individual in each breast Is tyrannous to sunder them.

title: tyrannous


text:
tyrant flycatcher

Etymology
The English name corresponds to, the taxonomic name. Tyrant flycatchers are so named because of the aggressive behavior of kingbirds (of genus, the type genus of the ) when defending their breeding territory.

Noun

 * 1) any of a group of passerine birds, of family, that inhabit the Americas

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 霸鶲
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Japanese: 太蘭鳥
 * Spanish:

title: tyrant flycatcher


text:
Americas

Proper noun

 * 1) North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.

Translations

 * Abenaki: Pastonki
 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian: Amerikë ,
 * Amharic: አሜሪካ
 * Arabic:, أَمِيرِكَا, , , أميريكا
 * Egyptian Arabic: امريكا, امريكتين
 * Hijazi Arabic: أمريكا
 * Moroccan Arabic: أميريكا
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: আমেৰিকা
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܡܹܝܪܝܼܟܵܐ, ܐܵܡܹܝܪܝܼܟܬܹܝܢ
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: Аме́рыка, Амэ́рыка
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: Аме́рика
 * Bunun: Amulika
 * Burmese: အမေရိက
 * Buryat: Америкэ
 * Carpathian Rusyn: Аме́рика
 * Chechen: Америка
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 美洲, 亞美利加
 * Mandarin:, , 亞美利加洲
 * Corsican:, Americhi
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ამერიკა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: Ἀμερικῆ
 * Gujarati: અમેરિકા
 * Haryanvi: अ़मरेख्या
 * Hawaiian: ʻAmelika
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Igbo: Amerikas
 * Indonesian:, benua Amerika
 * Ingrian: Amerikka
 * Inuktitut: ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ
 * Irish:
 * Italian: ,
 * Jamaican Creole: Amoerka, Amoerkaz, Amerika, Amerikaz
 * Japanese: アメリカ州, ,
 * Kalenjin: Amerika
 * Kamba: Amerika
 * Kannada: ಅಮೆರಿಕ
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: ទ្វីបអាមេរិក, អាមេរិក
 * Kikuyu: Amerika
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ئەمەریکا
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Ladin:
 * Ladino: Amerika
 * Lakota: Khéya Wíta
 * Lao: ອະເມລິກາ, ອາເມລິກາ, ທະວີບອະເມລິກາ, ທະວີບອາເມລິກາ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: Amerika
 * Lithuanian:
 * Livonian: Amērik
 * Lü: ᦀᦵᦙᦟᦲᧉᦂᦱ
 * Luhya: Amerika, Amerika
 * Luo: Amerika
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: Amerika
 * Maranao: Amirika
 * Marathi: अमेरिका
 * Marshallese: Amedka
 * Meru: Amerika
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Америк
 * Mongolian: ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ
 * Moore: Ameriki
 * Navajo: Kéyah dah siʼánígíí
 * Norman: Améthique, Améthiques
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: Amerika
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ଆମେରିକା
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: Амєрїка
 * Glagolitic: Ⰰⰿⰵⱃⰻⰽⰰ
 * Ossetian: Америкӕ
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Dari: ,
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Picard: Amérikes, Amérike
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Punjabi:
 * Gurmukhi:
 * Quechua: Awya Yala
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: अमरेखिका
 * Scots: Americae, Americaes
 * Scottish Gaelic: Aimeireaga
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Амѐрика
 * Roman:
 * Silesian: Amerika
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Amerika
 * Upper Sorbian: Amerika
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: Америка
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ทวีปอเมริกา,
 * Tibetan: ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ
 * Tigrinya: ኣመሪካ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Amerika
 * Ukrainian: Аме́рика
 * Urdu: اَمْرِیکَہ, اَمْرِیکا
 * Uyghur: ئامېرىكا
 * Uzbek:
 * Veps: Amerik
 * Vietnamese: (洲美), Mỹ Lợi Gia,
 * Volapük:, Melop
 * Võro: Ameeriga
 * Votic:
 * Welsh: yr Amerig
 * West Frisian: ,
 * Yakut: Америка
 * Yiddish: אַמעריקע
 * Yup'ik: Ami'ulikaq
 * Zhuang: Meijcouh

title: Americas


text:
tyrocidine

Noun

 * 1) A polypeptide antibiotic produced by bacteria in the soil.

title: tyrocidine


text: fairweather friend

title: fairweather friend


text:
tyrothricin

Noun

 * 1) A mixture of the antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin, used topically to treat gram-positive bacterial infections.

title: tyrothricin


text:
falsework

Noun

 * 1)  A temporary framework used in the building of bridges and arched structures in order to hold items in place until the structure is able to support itself.
 * 2)  Scaffolding, a temporary frame serving to support and brace a building under construction until it can stand alone.
 * 1)  Scaffolding, a temporary frame serving to support and brace a building under construction until it can stand alone.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: ,

 * French: ouvrage provisoire, échafaudage de soutien,, ,
 * German: Stützgerüst,
 * Thai: นั่งร้าน

title: falsework


text:
tyrosinase

Noun

 * 1)  An enzyme, similar to catechol oxidase, that catalyzes the production of phenolic pigments such as melanin.

title: tyrosinase


text:
fascicle

Etymology
From, a diminutive of ; see also. .

Noun

 * 1) A bundle or cluster.
 * 2)  A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.
 * 3)  A cluster of flowers or leaves, such as the bundles of the thin leaves (or needles) of pines.
 * 4)  A discrete bundle of vascular tissue.
 * 5)  A discrete section of a book issued or published separately, generally as a temporary measure while the work is in progress.

Translations

 * Catalan: fascicle
 * German: Faserbündel
 * Hungarian: izomköteg,
 * Spanish:

 * French:

Etymology
.

title: fascicle


text: tyrothricine

title: tyrothricine


text:
Talk:cheesy

"In a video game"
How is "a cheap way to defeat someone in a video game" any different from "a solution to a problem which doesn't display any skill or elegance"? The video game specific definition of cheesy doesn't seem, to me, to warrant it's own entry. In fact, it appears rather cheesy.

"Poor quality"
Does cheesiness necessarily imply poor quality? I can think of lots of songs that could be described as cheesy despite technical excellence. Also, couldn't "gimmicky" be one of the criteria? 82.24.189.88 23:00, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

RFV discussion
"(informal) of a solution to a problem, inelegant, showing no skill (see brute force method)" "Using an infinite number of monkeys to write television shows is cheesy." Equinox ◑ 16:27, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Senses 3 and 4 both seem quite wordy and overly specific. Something like "shabby" or "shoddy" or "of low quality" would seem to cover the usage example and most other usage I am familiar with. DCDuring TALK 19:33, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

RFV failed, sense removed. —Ruakh TALK 19:41, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

RFD discussion: April–June 2015
Sense: of or relating to cheese

Is this really distinct from 'resembling, or containing cheese.'? Can we find actual usage that's distinct? Like for example "the cheesy industry" (the industry that produces cheese). Renard Migrant (talk) 21:29, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * The usex there — "This sandwich is full of cheesy goodness." — is a good one. Certainly the goodness doesn't resemble or contain cheese (though the sandwich may): the goodness relates to cheese. (Of course, that's not a cite, but this isn't RFV.) Keep. —msh210℠ (talk) 04:05, 24 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Yeah, keep. A cheesy smile / grin (sense 4) seems to have been overlooked though, it doesn't fit in with the other definitions. I think it relates to saying "cheese" for a photographer, but I could be wrong. Oxford says "exaggerated and likely to be insincere" . Donnanz (talk) 10:51, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think sense 4 is distinct from sense 3. A cheesy smile is one that's "overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived". —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 12:14, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I disagree, they are different senses. Would you call a cheesy smile "of poor quality"? Maybe the definition of sense 3 needs looking at too, part of it may belong to sense 4. Donnanz (talk)
 * I think "of poor quality" needs to be removed from sense 3. Cheesy songs and movies are not necessarily of poor quality. The Sound of Music is a pretty cheesy movie, but it won five Oscars. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 17:01, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Our interpretations and tastes obviously differ - I happen to like The Sound of Music. Donnanz (talk) 08:14, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I like it too, but that doesn't mean it isn't cheesy. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 09:17, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not of poor quality. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:13, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
 * As I said above, I think "of poor quality" needs to be removed from sense 3. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 18:36, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

No consensus to delete. Definitions might still be improved. bd2412 T 21:36, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

To add to entry
To add to entry: when did the slang usage first appear? 173.88.241.33 00:55, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

"cheesy" certainly is not Danish for "cheesy"
Who on earth came up with that translation? That the Danes like to throw in an English word for every four or five Danish words (because English is the thing in Denmark) does not mean that "cheesy" is Danish for "cheesy". Some actual possible Danish translations would be "teatralsk", "overdramatiseret", "fortærsket", "klichéagtig", and "kitsch" (in the sense "overdramatic" or "clichéd"). 212.112.150.254 22:05, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

RFV discussion: November 2022–February 2023
New sense: "Non-serious, especially in a fun, unorthodox, or unsophisticated way; goofy. The cheesy antics had everyone giggling." I searched for "cheesy antics" in GBooks and it seems that such uses are better covered by the pre-existing sense "Overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived." Equinox ◑ 14:40, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

RFV Failed, agree with above. Ioaxxere (talk) 01:33, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:cheesy


text:
fatsuit

Noun

 * 1) A bodysuit-like undergarment designed to make the wearer look fatter.

title: fatsuit


text:
tyyn

Noun

 * 1) A unit of currency in Kyrgyzstan, one hundredth of the som.
 * 2) A unit of currency in Uzbekistan.

title: tyyn


text:
fauld

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  A piece of armor worn below a breastplate to protect the waist and hips.
 * 2) The arch over the dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.

title: fauld


text: atjar

title: atjar


text: tzedaka

title: tzedaka


text:
fimbriate

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Fringed, e.g. where the ends of a petal are split into two or more divisions.

Verb

 * 1)  To fringe; to hem.

title: fimbriate


text:
tzedakah

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  The Jewish tradition of charity.

Usage notes
The description as "charity" is a rough approximation. While charity typically refers to the voluntary giving of money to someone less fortunate, tzedakah is obligatory and unrelated to the affluence of giver or receiver; Jews are required to give of their own resources to others and even those whose entire livelihood comes from receiving tzedakah are required to give tzedakah in turn. Tzedakah can take the form of any resource: money, time, advice, etc. Thus, according to Jewish tradition, the highest form of tzedakah is to give a person a job or partnership that will allow him to sustain himself without receiving tzedakah.

title: tzedakah


text:
tzimmes

Alternative forms

 * tsimmis
 * tsimmis
 * tsimmis
 * tsimmis
 * tsimmis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A stew of fruit or vegetables traditionally served on Rosh Hashanah.
 * 2)  Fuss; confusion.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: tzimmes


text:
community owned

Adjective

 * 1)  of assets or organisations: owned and controlled through some representative mechanism that allows a community to influence their operation or use and to enjoy the benefits arising.
 *  For over seventy years, community owned rural telephony networks have flourished in the USA and about 1,000 exist today.

title: community owned


text:
tzolkin

Etymology
Created by Western scholars from Yucatec Maya elements; not a native term.

Noun

 * 1) The Mayan calendar of 260 days.

Alternative forms

 * tzolk'in

title: tzolkin


text:
bomb site

Noun

 * 1) An area that an active bomb is contained in, normally sealed off by the authorities.
 * 2) A building or other site destroyed by enemy aerial bombardment.

title: bomb site


text:
Appendix talk:Indian given names

Need to add wiktionary categories. I just removed those from wikipedia because they seemed a bit out of context here. I am still new to wiktionary, so if someone could do this. thanks..

-- Mskadu 00:35, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Page merge from TW
I just merged the contents from Transwiki to this page. For historical purpose, the history of that Transwiki follows below. Goldenrowley 19:50, 12 October 2008 (UTC) * (cur) (last) 19:06, 12 October 2008 Goldenrowley (Talk | contribs | block) (740 bytes) (suggest merge) (rollback | undo) * (cur) (last) 16:40, 23 January 2008 Connel MacKenzieBot (Talk | contribs | block) m (732 bytes) (Robot: Automated text replacement (-\{\{[uU]ncategorized(.*?)}} +Category:Move to Wiktionary 2008-10)) (undo) * (cur) (last) 16:40, 23 January 2008 Connel MacKenzieBot (Talk | contribs | block) m (729 bytes) (Robot: Automated text replacement (-\{\{[mM]ove [tT]o [wW]iktionary}} +Category:Move to Wiktionary 2008-10)) (undo) * (cur) (last) 16:36, 23 January 2008 Connel MacKenzie (Talk | contribs | block) m (14 revisions from w:Indian baby names) (undo) * (cur) (last) 08:58, 23 January 2008 MER-C (Talk | block) (712 bytes) (transwiki) (undo) * (cur) (last) 01:09, 5 December 2007 Fabrictramp (Talk | block) (689 bytes) (Dead-end pages clean up project; you can help!, added wikify tag, added deadend tag, added [[:) (undo)   * (cur) (last) 12:31, 31 October 2007 JohnI (Talk | contribs | block) m (515 bytes) (spelling & format fixes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 00:24, 5 October 2007 76.226.145.65 (Talk | block) (515 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 00:18, 5 October 2007 76.226.145.65 (Talk | block) (453 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 16:30, 28 September 2007 LeoNomis (Talk | contribs | block) (444 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 00:56, 26 September 2007 Alaibot (Talk | block) m (433 bytes) (Robot: tagging uncategorised page) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:40, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (422 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:38, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (300 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:36, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (246 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:35, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (223 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:34, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (200 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:33, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (174 bytes) (undo)    * (cur) (last) 17:32, 24 September 2007 Uttamanuja (Talk | block) (202 bytes) (←Created page with 'List of Indian Baby names with meaning {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name 1 ! Meaning 2 ! Comment 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2, cel...')

title: Appendix talk:Indian given names


text:
sweepback

Noun

 * 1) The rearward angle of the leading edge of a wing, or airfoil.

title: sweepback


text:
episodic

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) relating to an episode
 * 2) * 1999, The Limey (movie)
 * When I'm not honing my craft in episodic television, I do double-duty as a voice coach.
 * 1) sporadic, happening infrequently and irregularly
 * 2)  made up a sequence of seemingly unconnected episodes
 * 1)  made up a sequence of seemingly unconnected episodes

Translations

 * Asturian: episódicu
 * Belarusian: эпізады́чны
 * Catalan: episòdic
 * Danish: episodisk
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Galician: episódico
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: episódico
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: епізоди́чний

Etymology
.

title: episodic


text:
rearward

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The part that comes last or is situated in the rear; conclusion, wind-up.
 * 2) The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard.
 * 1) The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard.
 * 1) The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard.
 * 1) The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard.

Adjective

 * 1) Toward the back or rear of something.

Adverb

 * 1) Toward the back or rear of something.

title: rearward


text:
formulaic

Adjective

 * 1) Closely following a formula or predictable pattern, as:
 * 2) Conventionalized.
 * 3) Imitative; unoriginal; trite.
 * That TV series has become awfully formulaic in the last couple of seasons.
 * That TV series has become awfully formulaic in the last couple of seasons.

title: formulaic


text: authorised

title: authorised


text:
connecting tubule

Noun

 * 1)  A tubule in the nephron in the kidney that goes to the pelvis. Its primary function is to bring urine to the pelvis of the kidney.

title: connecting tubule


text:
Template talk:delete

Color
It's not pink, it's light red.

Red is too dark and does not fit in with the design of the site, which is based on lighter colors. The template is red which has been lightened into pink. Gerard Foley 01:04, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The pink that was there was just subtle enough to notice that somethings wrong. I don't think there is an agreeable color for this: perhaps a logo would convey meaning better here?  --Connel MacKenzie T C 01:37, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Today's peach is pretty ugly. How about red text on a dark background? --Connel MacKenzie 19:26, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Category
Wouldn't it be better to just fix the whole category in tags, so this template doesn't appear in Cat:Candidates for speedy deletion? Picaroon 05:44, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Having to remember "Template:delete" is a lot easier than a category with no shortcut. It isn't as though a sysop would delete the template.  --Connel MacKenzie 19:01, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Equivalent in Korean Wiktionary
If there's an equivalent to the template in the Korean Wiktionary, then what is it? --Lo Ximiendo (talk) 18:13, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Template talk:delete


text:
Talk:connecting tubule

This was originally written by Wikipedia:User:MasterChief 31 Kappa 02:31, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:connecting tubule


text: copywritten

title: copywritten


text:
spuckie

Etymology
From, the bread roll used.

Noun

 * 1)  A submarine sandwich.

Synonyms

 * see sub

title: spuckie


text:
pleating to the stripe

Noun

 * 1) A system of pleating a kilt in which a particular vertical stripe of the tartan pattern is selected and the pleats are arranged so that this chosen stripe runs down the center of each pleat.

Synonyms

 * military pleating

title: pleating to the stripe


text:
易い

Etymology
Derived from.

Adjective

 * 1) easy to do, easy

Suffix

 * 1) easy to (verb)
 * 2) (verb) happens easily, tends to (verb)

Usage notes
Attaches to the renyōkei (連用形) of a verb. Usually spelled in hiragana, with the kanji spelling usually reserved for formal contexts.

title: 易い


text:
User talk:Jeroboambramblejam

Welcome
Hello. It looks like your page situational ethics is a bit on the encyclopedic side for Wiktionary. Please have a look at our criteria for inclusion and our entry layout. If you wrote this material yourself, it may be a good candidate for [[w:Main Page|Wikipedia. Otherwise, please pare it down to a dictionary definition.  Also, we don't generally capitalize article titles unless they are proper nouns.  I've included our standard welcome text below, because it contains some helpful links to start off on the right foot.  Thanks for your contributions. —Dvortygirl 04:05, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
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 * Entry layout explained
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

title: User talk:Jeroboambramblejam


text:
threequel

Noun

 * 1)  The chronologically third part of any series of works, especially a movie trilogy.
 * 2) * 1999 June 30, Katherine Anne Ackley, Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, Readings Across the Disciplines, Harcourt, fourth edition, Thomson Wadsworth (2006), ISBN 1413010687, page 267
 * On the contrary, last summer saw two jocular parodies of 1970’s blaxploitation films: the minor hit Undercover Brother and Beyonce Knowles’s portrayal of Foxxy Cleopatra, a character in the Austin Powers “threequel.”
 * 1) * 1999 June 30, Katherine Anne Ackley, Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, Readings Across the Disciplines, Harcourt, fourth edition, Thomson Wadsworth (2006), ISBN 1413010687, page 267
 * On the contrary, last summer saw two jocular parodies of 1970’s blaxploitation films: the minor hit Undercover Brother and Beyonce Knowles’s portrayal of Foxxy Cleopatra, a character in the Austin Powers “threequel.”

title: threequel


text:
asperità

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) asperity

title: asperità


text:
Template talk:gstr

This template will be deleted.

Headings of any level are not permitted on the English Wiktionary.

New entries must not link to this template while cleanup activites are underway.

--Connel MacKenzie T C 05:44, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Headings are allowed, even considered essential: Entry layout guidlines. I'm thinking about updating this template for consistency with existing entries, if nobody objects. --MonkeeSage 07:58, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My update broke alot of pages, I've reverted it. Sorry for any trouble folks! --MonkeeSage 04:08, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Connel meant that headers are not allowed in templates. This one should be "subst:"ed everywhere. — Vildricianus 11:24, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:gstr


text:
talking point

Noun

 * 1) A specific topic raised in a conversation or argument which is intended as a basis for further discussion, especially one which represents a point of view.
 * 2) * 1908, J. W. Jenks, "The Principles of Government Control of Business," American Economic Association Quarterly, 3rd series, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 3:
 * Such an expression ["natural rights"] is, of course, an excellent talking point as a basis for argument to convince people, and perhaps through them to change the opinion of the government.
 * 1) * 2002, Elizabeth Foyster, "Creating a Veil of Silence? Politeness and Marital Violence in the English Household," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th series, vol. 12, p. 399:
 * First, it will be demonstrated that marital violence continued to be a talking point within polite society.
 * 1) * 2002, Elizabeth Foyster, "Creating a Veil of Silence? Politeness and Marital Violence in the English Household," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th series, vol. 12, p. 399:
 * First, it will be demonstrated that marital violence continued to be a talking point within polite society.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Italian: punto chiave
 * Japanese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: punto central

title: talking point


text:
make one's bed and lie in it

Verb

 * 1)  To create a difficult situation whose unpleasant consequences one must now endure.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Hakka: 自家屙屎自家食
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: kiehua omassa liemessään, niin makaat kuin petaat
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: hai voluto la bicicletta? adesso pedala, hai voluto la bicicletta e adesso pedala
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Lithuanian: kaip pasiklosi, taip išmiegosi, kad prisivirei košės, tai ir srėbk
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Russian: как посте́лешь, так и поспи́шь, сам испёк, сам и ку́шай, сам завари́л ка́шу, сам и расхлёбывай
 * Spanish: quien mala cama hace en ella se yace, a lo hecho, pecho
 * Swedish: som man bäddar får man ligga, den som sig i leken ger, får leken tåla
 * Turkish: kendin ettin, kendin buldun

title: make one's bed and lie in it


text:
trickery

Etymology
, first recorded in 1719.

Noun

 * 1)  Deception or underhanded behavior.
 * 2)  The art of dressing up; imposture.
 * 3)  Artifice; the use of one or more stratagems.
 * 4)  An instance of deception, underhanded behavior, dressing up, imposture, artifice, etc.
 * 1)  An instance of deception, underhanded behavior, dressing up, imposture, artifice, etc.
 * 1)  An instance of deception, underhanded behavior, dressing up, imposture, artifice, etc.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:deception

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Old French: engin, engignement, tricerie
 * Galician: falcatrúa, falcatruada
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: μαγγανεία
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: aisiléireacht, bobaireacht, camrasáin, ciolmamúta, cleasaíocht, cúinseacht, draíodóireacht, ealaíontacht, gleacaíocht, imeartas, lúbaireacht
 * Italian:, trappoleria, accalappiamento, accalappiatura,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: stratēgēma, dolus, calumnia, urbānitās, circumventiō
 * Norwegian: fusk
 * Old English: fleard
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Tocharian B: kuhākäññe
 * Ukrainian: обман, ошуканство, шахрайство
 * Urdu: دم
 * Welsh:, dichell
 * Yoruba: àgálámàṣà

title: trickery