text:
Talk:instance

=Computing usage=

The trouble with the computing usage is twofold. One, even though it really does have a life of it's own, it is really just "a case occuring" in the specialized context of object oriented programming. The second is that the other computing definitions I've written elsewhere that use the word instance use it in it's "a case occuring" sense, not in the object-oriented sense. I'm afraid there's a danger that people who are looking at a computing related definition will think that they must use the computing sense of "instance", when really that sense is only with respect to object oriented programming. (You can also talk about an instance of a closure but I haven't written that definition into instance, and might not as it is, again, just "a case occuring".) --kop 17:30, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

RFV
Rfv-sense: " A question that can be asked in the context of a computational problem." footnoted as follows Instances are questions that we can ask, and solutions are desired answers to these questions. See Models.

This looks as if someone took an attributive predication from an academic work and thought it constituted a definition (equative predication). DCDuring TALK 14:15, 28 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Never seen it. Would have expected to. Agree with your diagnosis. Equinox ◑ 22:26, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
 * RFV-failed. - -sche (discuss) 08:41, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Emerging verb sense in video games?
e.g. "to instance the entire world". Essentially means to offer something as an instance dungeon. Equinox ◑ 16:50, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

in the first instance
in the first instance: used to indicate something that is or happens first, before other events or stages (formal) Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:24, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

legal action
a legal proceeding or lawsuit Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:24, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:instance


text:
covereth

Verb

 * 1) * Proverbs 10:12
 * Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.
 * Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: covereth


text: crieth

title: crieth


text: curseth

title: curseth


text: deceiveth

title: deceiveth


text:
identifier

Noun

 * 1) Someone who identifies; a person who establishes the identity of someone or something.
 * 2) Something that identifies or uniquely points to something or someone else.
 * 3) One who identifies as a particular type or role; one who says and believes that they are a certain thing.
 * 4) A guidebook that helps determine the specific class of an object (such as a mushroom, herb, fish, bird, drug, or mineral), or its individual identity (such as that of a star).
 * 5)  A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.
 * 6)   A code that distinguishes a particular  from all other elements in a document.
 * 7)  A primary key.
 * 1) A guidebook that helps determine the specific class of an object (such as a mushroom, herb, fish, bird, drug, or mineral), or its individual identity (such as that of a star).
 * 2)  A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.
 * 3)   A code that distinguishes a particular  from all other elements in a document.
 * 4)  A primary key.
 * 1)  A primary key.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُعَرِّف
 * Belarusian: ідэнтыфіка́тар
 * Bulgarian: идентифика́тор
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 標誌符, 标识符
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: tuvasti
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: იდენტიფიკატორი
 * German: Identifikator,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Interlingua: identificator
 * Italian: identificatore
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: сәйкестендіргіш
 * Korean: 식별자(識別子)
 * Macedonian: идентифика́тор
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: identifikator
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: идентифѝка̄тор
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: identifikátor
 * Slovene: identifikator
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: tanımlayıcı
 * Ukrainian: ідентифіка́тор
 * Vietnamese:, mã nhận dạng, ký hiệu nhận dạng, kí hiệu nhận dạng,

 * Czech: primární klíč
 * Finnish: pääavain
 * French:
 * Gujarati: ઓળખકર્તા
 * Persian:
 * Russian:, перви́чный ключ
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: примарни кључ
 * Roman: primarni ključ
 * Turkish: birincil anahtar

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to identify
 * 2) to log in

title: identifier


text: drinketh

title: drinketh


text: dieth

title: dieth


text:
driveth

Verb

 * 1) * 1900-1909',, The Danish History online:
 * Our son is slain, let us riot in battle; my eager love for him driveth me to my death, that I may not be left outliving my dear child.
 * Our son is slain, let us riot in battle; my eager love for him driveth me to my death, that I may not be left outliving my dear child.

title: driveth


text: entereth

title: entereth


text:
double-trouble

Noun

 * 1) A very troublesome object or person.

Translations

 * Russian:

title: double-trouble


text: feedeth

title: feedeth


text:
floweth

Etymology
From, the archaic third-person singular present tense suffix.

title: floweth


text:
followeth

Etymology
From, the archaic third-person singular present tense suffix.

title: followeth


text:
inar

Particle

 * 1) in which/whom

Particle

 * 1) in which/whom is
 * 2) in which/whom was/would be
 * 1) in which/whom was/would be

Etymology
From or possibly from.

Noun

 * 1)  one who cultivates or sells flax

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) woman

title: inar


text: Category:Wiradjuri nouns

title: Category:Wiradjuri nouns


text: Category:Wiradjuri language

title: Category:Wiradjuri language


text:
sevenfold

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Seven times as much; multiplied by seven.
 * 2) Having seven parts; composed of seven items.
 * 1) Having seven parts; composed of seven items.
 * 1) Having seven parts; composed of seven items.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: седморен, седемкратен
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: seitsemänkertainen, seitsenkertainen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, hétszer akkora/annyi
 * Middle English: sevenefold
 * Old English: seofonfeald
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: seachd-fillte
 * Swedish: sjufaldigad, sjufaldigat
 * Telugu:

 * Bulgarian: седморен
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: seitsemänosainen, seitsenosainen
 * Hungarian: hétrészes,, hétrétű
 * Italian:
 * Middle English: sevenefold
 * Swedish: sjufaldig, sjufaldigt

Adverb

 * 1) By a factor of seven.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: seitsemänkertaisesti, seitsenkertaisesti
 * German:
 * Hungarian: hétszeresen, hétszeresére
 * Middle English: sevenefold
 * Swedish: sjufaldig, sjufaldigt

 * Serbo-Croatian: sedmostruk

title: sevenfold


text:
горе луковое

Etymology
lit. 'onion tragedy', i.e. in tears over nothing, usually of a child who frets about nothing.

Noun

 * 1)  sad sack, double-trouble, blunderer, muddler ironically about someone who is having trouble or causing trouble to others

title: горе луковое


text: double trouble

title: double trouble


text:
irang

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay yira.

Noun

 * 1) teeth

title: irang


text:
Fairbanks

Proper noun

 * 1) . An English habitational surname for someone who lived in any of several places named "fair bank" etc.
 * 2) A placename

Translations

 * Arabic: فِيرْبَانْكْس
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 費爾班克斯
 * Japanese: フェアバンクス
 * Korean: ^페어뱅크스
 * Marathi: फेरबँक्स
 * Russian:, Фэ́рбенкс

title: Fairbanks


text: thallun

title: thallun


text:
Burton

Etymology
Usually from burhtun (fortified farmstead, farmstead near or belonging to a stronghold or manor), from  +.

Proper noun

 * 1)  for someone who lived in any of several places with that name.
 * , now submerged.
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * , now submerged.
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * 1) A number of places in England and Wales:
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also
 * , which serves and is also

title: Burton


text:
альбаака

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  basil, sweet basil

title: альбаака


text:
Bessie

Proper noun

 * 1) A diminutive of Elizabeth, also used as a formal female given name.
 * 2)  Bessie, a lake monster supposed to exist in Lake Erie in the United States.

Etymology
.

title: Bessie


text:
dyinnang

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay thina.

Noun

 * 1) foot

title: dyinnang


text:
dinnang

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) foot

title: dinnang


text:
ауйяма

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) ahuyama, a winter squash of the West Indies similar to butternut or Hubbard.

title: ауйяма


text:
Loch Ness

Etymology
From, from , from

Proper noun

 * , the second largest in Britain, and with a maximum depth of 226 metres. It is the alleged home of the,.

Translations

 * Arabic: بحيرَة نيس
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 尼斯湖
 * Mandarin: 尼斯湖
 * Danish: Loch Ness
 * Estonian: Loch Ness
 * French: Loch Ness
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: ネス湖
 * Macedonian: Ло́х Нес
 * Portuguese: Lago Ness
 * Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nis
 * Serbian: Loh Nes
 * Spanish: lago Ness
 * Welsh: Llyn Ness

Etymology
From, from , from

title: Loch Ness


text:
Great Lakes

Proper noun

 * 1) A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
 * 2) A group of lakes located in and around the East African Rift, including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, and several others.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Groot Mere
 * Albanian: Liqenet e Mëdha
 * Amharic: ታላላቁ ሀይቆች
 * Arabic: اَلْبُحَيْرَات اَلْعُظْمَى
 * Armenian: Մեծ Լճեր
 * Azerbaijani: Böyük göllər
 * Basque: Aintzira Handiak
 * Belarusian: Вялікія азёры
 * Bengali: বৃহৎ হ্রদসমূহ
 * Breton: Lennoù Meur
 * Bulgarian: Големите езера
 * Burmese: ဂရိတ်လိတ်
 * Catalan: Grans Llacs d'Amèrica del Nord, Grans Llacs
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: Velká jezera
 * Danish: Store søer
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Grandaj Lagoj
 * Estonian: Suur järvistu
 * Finnish: Pohjois-Amerikan suuret järvet
 * French:
 * Galician: Grandes Lagos
 * Georgian: დიდი ტბები
 * German:
 * Greek: Μεγάλες Λίμνες
 * Hebrew: הימות הגדולות
 * Hindi: विशाल झीलें
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Vötnin miklu
 * Indonesian: Danau-Danau Besar
 * Irish: Na Lochanna Móra
 * Italian: Grandi Laghi
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada: ಮಹಾ ಸರೋವರಗಳು
 * Kazakh: Ұлы көлдер
 * Khmer: មហាបឹង
 * Korean: ^오대호(五大湖)
 * Kyrgyz: Улуу көлдөр
 * Latvian: Lielie ezeri
 * Lithuanian: Didieji ežerai
 * Macedonian: Големи Езера
 * Malay: Tasik-Tasik Besar Amerika
 * Malayalam: മഹാ തടാകങ്ങൾ
 * Marathi: ग्रेट लेक्स
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: De store sjøer
 * Nynorsk: Dei store sjøane
 * Persian: دریاچه‌های بزرگ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Grandes Lagos
 * Punjabi: ਮਹਾਨ ਝੀਲਾਂ
 * Romanian: Marile Lacuri
 * Russian: Вели́кие озёра
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Велика језера
 * Roman: Velika jezera
 * Slovak: Veľké kanadské jazerá
 * Slovene: Velika jezera
 * Spanish: Grandes Lagos
 * Swedish: Stora sjöarna
 * Tamil: அமெரிக்கப் பேரேரிகள்
 * Telugu: మహా సరస్సులు
 * Thai: เกรตเลกส์
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Beýik köller
 * Ukrainian: Вели́кі озе́ра
 * Uzbek: Buyuk koʻllar
 * Vietnamese: Ngũ Đại Hồ (五大湖), Hồ Lớn Bắc Mỹ
 * Welsh: Llynnoedd Mawr
 * West Frisian: Grutte Marren
 * Yiddish: די פרישע ימים

 * Vietnamese: Hồ Lớn châu Phi, Đại Hồ châu Phi, Đại Hồ Phi châu

title: Great Lakes


text:
dyibbiñ

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: dyibbiñ


text:
Talk:misandrist

Is a feminist necessarily a misandrist? Don't think so... 72.154.73.167 18:34, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:misandrist


text:
Woodstock

Etymology
From +.

Proper noun

 * , an American rock music festival originally held in 1969 in New York state near Woodstock.
 * 1) A placename

title: Woodstock


text:
Narayan

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Vishnu.
 * 2)  used in India.

title: Narayan


text:
dibbin

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: dibbin


text:
бакланка

Noun

 * 1) female cormorant or gannet
 * : fool
 * 1)  violent, drunken brawl or beating (usually committed by teenagers who cannot yet be tried as adults)

title: бакланка


text:
mullian

Noun

 * 1) wedge-tailed eagle, eaglehawk, Aquila audax.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wedge-tailed eagle, eaglehawk, Aquila audax.

title: mullian


text:
Glastonbury

Etymology
From Middle English Glastingaburghe, "the fortified place of the Glæstingas", from *Glæstinga (the people of Glastonia) +.

Proper noun

 * 1) The Glastonbury Festival.
 * 1) The Glastonbury Festival.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Glastonbury
 * Arabic: غلاستونبري
 * Armenian: Գլաստոնբերի, Գլասթոնբերիի
 * Dutch: Glastonbury
 * French:
 * Galician: Glastonbury
 * Greek: Γκλάστονμπερι
 * Italian: Glastonbury
 * Japanese: グラストンベリー
 * Korean: ^글래스톤베리
 * Latin: Glastonia
 * Spanish: Glastonbury

title: Glastonbury


text:
Glasto

Etymology
Shortening.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The Glastonbury festival of performing arts.

title: Glasto


text:
Doris

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - suborder;  - infraorder;  - superfamily;  - family

Hypernyms

 * - type species

Etymology 1
The feminine form of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The daughter of Oceanus, who married Nereus and bore fifty sea-nymphs or nereids.
 * , a main belt asteroid.
 * , taken to regular use at the end of the 19th century.
 * , a main belt asteroid.
 * , taken to regular use at the end of the 19th century.
 * , taken to regular use at the end of the 19th century.

Synonyms

 * , ㊽

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 昏神星
 * Greek:

Noun

 * 1)  One's girlfriend, wife or significant other.
 * 2)  A woman, especially when older or unattractive.

Etymology 2
From the name of famous film star.

Adjective

 * 1)  gay

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  the nereid
 * 2)  the asteroid
 * 1)  the asteroid
 * 1)  the asteroid

Proper noun

 * 1)  borrowed from English usage, popular in the 1920s and the 1930s

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Doris: Dorisarson
 * daughter of Doris: Dorisardóttir

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Doric Greek dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in northwestern Greece, southern Italy, and Sicily
 * 1) Doric Greek dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in northwestern Greece, southern Italy, and Sicily

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  borrowed from English usage, popular in the 1920s and the 1930s

title: Doris


text:
бухма

Noun

 * 1)  see брюква.

title: бухма


text:
buralgang

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay burralga.

Noun

 * 1) brolga, native companion

title: buralgang


text:
бушма

Noun

 * 1)  rutabaga (see )
 * 2)  a fat woman

title: бушма


text:
namespace

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A conceptual space that groups classes, identifiers, etc. to avoid conflicts with items in unrelated code that have the same names.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 命名空間
 * Czech: jmenný prostor
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: nomspaco, nomspacoj
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 名前空間
 * Korean: 이름공간
 * Polish: przestrzeń nazw
 * Portuguese: namespace, espaço de nomes
 * Russian: простра́нство имён
 * Slovak: menný priestor
 * Spanish: espacio de nombres
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:, isim uzayı
 * Vietnamese:

Verb

 * 1)  To categorize by placing into a namespace.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   abstract space of keywords

title: namespace


text:
бушня

Noun

 * 1)  rutabaga

title: бушня


text:
burolgang

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay burralga.

Noun

 * 1) brolga, native companion

title: burolgang


text:
sziget

Etymology
From the variant of the noun.

Noun

 * 1) island

Derived terms
See also for the derivations of the plural form.

title: sziget


text:
nyer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to win
 * 2)  gain acquire possession or advantage
 * 1)  gain acquire possession or advantage
 * 1)  gain acquire possession or advantage

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay ngiirr.

Noun

 * 1) eyebrow

title: nyer


text:
ngiar

Etymology
Compare Gamilaraay ngiirr.

Noun

 * 1) eyebrow

title: ngiar


text:
eram

Verb

 * : I was; we were

title: eram


text:
крем под пудру

Noun

 * 1) foundation cream

title: крем под пудру


text: Category:ru:Cosmetics

title: Category:ru:Cosmetics


text:
Oceanian

Etymology
From.

This term is not used in the novel itself.

Adjective

 * 1) From or relating to Oceania geographical region or continent.
 * 2)  From or relating to the fictional nation of Oceania in ’s novel  (1949).

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: oceania
 * French:
 * Friulian: oceanian
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:, oceaniense
 * Spanish:
 * Vietnamese: châu Đại Dương,

Noun

 * 1) Someone from Oceania geographical region or continent.
 * 2)  Someone from the fictional nation of Oceania in ’s novel  (1949).

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: oceaniano
 * German: Ozeanier
 * Portuguese:, oceaniense
 * Spanish:
 * Vietnamese: người châu Đại Dương, người Đại Dương châu

title: Oceanian


text:
питательный крем

Noun

 * 1) moisturizer

title: питательный крем


text:
бритва

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) razor

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1) razor (also figurative)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) razor

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) razor

title: бритва


text:
крем для бритья

Noun

 * 1) shaving cream

title: крем для бритья


text:
одеколон

Etymology
From, possibly via 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) eau de Cologne; cologne.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cologne, eau de Cologne

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cologne, eau de Cologne

title: одеколон


text:
maliyan

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wedge-tailed eagle, eaglehawk,

Noun

 * 1) wedge-tailed eagle, eaglehawk,

title: maliyan


text:
крем для рук

Noun

 * 1) hand lotion, hand cream

title: крем для рук


text:
Talk:jagoff

Etymology
I don't think the stated derivation of the term is correct. See:  12.24.244.131 19:36, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That is right. The correct derivation is from "JAG Off." the abbreviation for a Justice Advocate General Officer.

 * It actually derives from jackoff, doesn't it? 173.88.246.138 00:00, 30 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, 'jackoff' is the correct etymology. The transition from 'jack' to 'jag' is natural to Pittsburghese (hard k to hard g, so 'backpack' comes out 'bagpag'). A jagoff is a person who teases you with lies or empty promises in an effort to make you look foolish (preferably in public) when you do or say something that indicates you fell for their ploy. To retaliate, you call them a jagoff. The relation to 'jackoff' is to self-masturbation: self-pleasuring with hints of perversion. The jagoff gets their delight from using another without providing reciprocal pleasures. Every prankster is a jagoff, but there are other kinds of jagoffs (e.g., conmen).
 * The popular etymology from 'jag' (related to thorns and that kind of prick) seems to have arisen from uninformed radio DJs openly speculating on air about the etymology and tying the idea of provoking (jagging) someone with the Pittsburgh word for 'thornbush' ('jaggerbush'), and 'thorns' ('jaggers'), which is a fair guess, but a) it does not account for the 'off', b) a thorn gets no delight from jabbing people c) there's no evidence the word was ever used to refer to thorn bushes ( "That rosebush is a jagoff" is not an instance of good usage), and d) the etymology is not in keeping with American tendencies to associate curse words with sex acts.
 * 'Jagoff' (noun) refers to a person and is frequently shortened to 'jag' ("You jag!"). The verb form drops the '-off' or treats it as separable ("Stop jagging me", or "You're jagging me off"). Sometimes 'jagging someone off' is a sign of endearment ("We jag each other all the time" or "She's just jagging") that has no sexual implications and is akin to 'ribbing' but a bit more edgy or harsh (arising from Pittsburgh's tough-guy ideal: one who can punch hard [physically or verbally], but can also take such punches, and who has heartfelt admiration and true friendly feelings for those who can do the same—even if discovering this involved a nasty punch in the nose). This gentler form of jagging often substitutes 'around' for 'off' ("We were just jagging around").
 * Currently, due to the included sense of causing delight, there is no abstract noun ( "That scam is a jagoff" ), and the verb always refers to personal action ("I'm jagging") not an impersonal process ( "The internet jagged me off" ), though this sentence might inspire those uses. 136.142.159.13 20:00, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:jagoff


text:
крем от загара

Noun

 * 1) suntan lotion

title: крем от загара


text:
защитный крем

Noun

 * 1) protective skin cream

title: защитный крем


text:
dyipping

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: dyipping


text:
super-duper

Etymology
Rhyming, from (1940).

Adjective

 * 1)  Very excellent; truly great.
 * 2) Major, total, thorough.
 * 1) Major, total, thorough.
 * 1) Major, total, thorough.

Translations

 * French:, ,
 * German: superduper
 * Hungarian: hiper-szuper

Adverb

 * 1) Very; extremely.

title: super-duper


text: Radien

title: Radien


text:
крем от веснушек

Noun

 * 1) freckle remover

title: крем от веснушек


text:
возлюбить

Etymology
. Compare native.

Verb

 * 1)  to come to love, to fall in love

Related terms

 * , — the object of love

title: возлюбить


text:
Wiktionary:Main Page/Todo

Expand an existing article - Provide requested content - Check translations - Contribute to the Translations of the Week - Contribute to the Collaboration of the Week - Clean up a page - Pick one of many other open tasks

title: Wiktionary:Main Page/Todo


text:
тушь

Etymology
, from, from. The sense “mascara” also perhaps follows.

Noun

 * 1) India ink
 * 2) mascara

title: тушь


text:
вообразить

Etymology
From, itself a.

Verb

 * 1) to imagine, to fancy

title: вообразить


text:
духи

Noun

 * 1) perfume

Noun

 * 1) perfume

title: духи


text:
пудра

Noun

 * 1) face powder

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) powder
 * 2) face powder

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) powder
 * 2) face powder

title: пудра


text:
пудреница

Noun

 * 1) compact (small powder container)

title: пудреница


text:
воображать

Verb

 * 1) to imagine, to fancy
 * 2)  to be conceited; to show off
 * 1)  to be conceited; to show off

title: воображать


text:
карандаш для бровей

Noun

 * 1) eyebrow pencil

title: карандаш для бровей


text:
Rhymes:English/ɒɹɪs

Two syllables

 * Boris
 * Doris
 * Horace
 * Morris
 * Norris

title: Rhymes:English/ɒɹɪs


text:
возлюбя

Participle

 * : having fallen in love

title: возлюбя


text:
пуховка

Etymology
From, а.

Noun

 * 1) puffbird New World tropical bird of family

Noun

 * 1) powder puff

title: пуховка


text:
if you can't beat them, join them

Proverb

 * 1) If your adversaries are stronger than you, it is better to join their side.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 如果打不過他們，就加入他們
 * Finnish: jos et voi voittaa heitä, liity heihin
 * French: il faut savoir hurler avec les loups
 * German:
 * Korean: 이길 수 없다면 합류해라
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: kan du ikke slå dem, bli med dem
 * Portuguese: se você não pode vencê-los, junte-se a eles
 * Russian: не мо́жешь поби́ть, присоединя́йся к ним, с волка́ми жить — по-во́лчьи выть
 * Spanish: si no puedes contra el enemigo, únete a él
 * Thai: ถ้าสู้ไม่ไหวจงเข้าร่วมซะ
 * Turkish: bükemediğin eli öp başına koy.

title: if you can't beat them, join them


text:
ацетон

Etymology
, ultimately a derivation of.

Noun

 * 1)  acetone

Noun

 * 1) acetone (the organic compound (CH3)2CO)
 * 2) nail polish remover

Noun

 * 1) acetone (the organic compound (CH3)2CO)
 * 2) nail polish remover

Noun

 * 1) acetone (the organic compound (CH3)2CO)
 * 2) nail polish remover

title: ацетон


text:
возлюбив

Participle

 * : having fallen in love

title: возлюбив


text:
пилка

Noun

 * 1) sawing
 * 2) fret saw
 * 3) fingernail file, nail file

title: пилка


text:
щипцы

Noun

 * 1) tongs, pliers, pincers, nippers
 * 2) forceps, tweezers
 * 3) nutcrackers

title: щипцы


text:
panentheist

Noun

 * 1) A person who believes in panentheism.

Alternative forms

 * sometimes hyphenated: pan-en-theist
 * sometimes either the P or both the P and the initial T are capitalized: Panentheist, PanenTheist
 * variations of capitalization and spacing may be combined: Pan-en-theist, Pan-en-Theist

Translations

 * Finnish: panenteisti
 * French:
 * German: Panentheistin
 * Portuguese: panenteísta

title: panentheist


text:
щипчики

Noun

 * 1) tweezers

title: щипчики


text: panentheists

title: panentheists


text:
лосьон

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) makeup remover
 * 2) lotion
 * 3) aftershave, shaving lotion

title: лосьон


text:
Talk:hyphy

questionable etymology
This was on the article, but it makes no sense: Etymology From the prefix ent- meaning “within”, Greek ri, and Latin nomen

This was in the edit comments: →Etymology - totally incorrect statement, was created by Keak Da Sneak's mother to refer to the rapper as way to hyper)

it sound more like the invented word, but I'm not into the 'rap' scene. --Versageek 18:55, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:hyphy


text:
automated

Adjective

 * 1) Made automatic.
 * 2) Done by machine.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُؤَتْمَت
 * Belarusian: аўтаматызава́ны
 * Danish: automatiseret
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: automatyzowany
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian:

 * Danish: automatiseret,
 * Finnish:

title: automated


text: apostrophes

title: apostrophes


text: squares

title: squares


text:
User:Snortop

Well not much..

I am know as snortop on all danish Wikipedia and so on.

title: User:Snortop


text:
User talk:Snortop

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie T C 21:10, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Snortop


text:
反抗

Verb

 * 1) to revolt; to resist; to rebel

Noun

 * 1) resistance; rebellion

Verb

 * 1) to resist, to rebel

title: 反抗


text:
overdrink

Etymology
From (attested only as a noun ), from, equivalent to en. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To drink to excess.

title: overdrink


text: Category:Russian adverbial participles

title: Category:Russian adverbial participles


text:
Darkinjung

Proper noun

 * 1) A region of coastal New South Wales, Australia.
 * 2)  The extinct language of the people of that region.

Noun

 * 1) The Aboriginal people once associated with that region.

title: Darkinjung


text: stoves

title: stoves


text:
MediaWiki:Discussionrooms-url

Wiktionary:Discussion rooms

title: MediaWiki:Discussionrooms-url


text:
MediaWiki:Discussionrooms

Discussion rooms

title: MediaWiki:Discussionrooms


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/KGB article

KGB article
Hi Stephen. I see you edited my entry for the KGB article and moved контора to the synonyms list. Well, I think it could stay on a synonyms list although it isn't quite a synonym. And you definitely can not call just any контора KGB. I suspect this usage of контора came from russian dissidents from years when it was inappropriate and maybe even dangerous to call KGB by its name. I believe some explanatory note should be put on a KGB page. Wouldn’t you agree?

 * Of course, synonyms are virtually always inexact. One synonym for "girl" is "bird," but "girl" and "bird" are also very different. Being a synonym simply means that one of the meanings of "bird" is almost the same as one of the meanings of "girl" as used by at least one geographical or social segment of the population under some circumstances.
 * The purpose of the КГБ page is to explain the meaning of КГБ in English, and to give the English equivalent (i.e., KGB). This special meaning of контора is just that, a special meaning of контора...that is, контора can mean КГБ under certain circumstances, but КГБ on the other hand does not mean контора.
 * If this were an encyclopedic article, then you would have a good point, and the контора explanation and many other details would be useful in a lengthy article on the KGB. But this is merely a bilingual dictionary listing giving the English equivalent or meaning (but not an actual definition of KGB, since that belongs on the English KGB page), and so this special meaning of контора belongs on the контора page, but not on the КГБ page. The КГБ page only needs a link to контора as a synonym. And since it is a synonym, that’s how I made the link. If this meaning of контора needs further elucidation, that also belongs on the контора page. —Stephen 07:22, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stephen G. Brown/KGB article


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/zelkova

ж
Hi Stephen. I just noticed that you enhanced the ж article. I've also noticed that you seem to know a bit of Russian and I've heard that "ж" is some kind of emphatic particle in Russian and Babelfish translates it just to "zh"! I wonder if you would be able to add an entry for that sense? — Hippietrail 01:19, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks again - great job! I think I really understand it now. — Hippietrail 13:11, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

zelkova
Two questions on one day! I've become interested in the word zelkova which is common in translations from Japanese but rare enough to not be in any of my print dictionaries. I've found that the word comes from Georgian via Russian and I wonder if you'd have any resources to discover the Russian or Georgian spellings. I've taken a stab at the Russian bases on Google searches but haven't been able to verify it. Thanks in advance for any help. — Hippietrail 01:19, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know the etymology of the word, but in Russian, the Zelkova serrata is called дзельква пильчатая (or серый вяз, which means "gray elm"). The Zelkova carpinfolia is дзельква граболистная (where граб = hornbeam, Carpinus). —Stephen 07:33, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much! The Merriam-Webster's other Russian spelling seems to be дзелькова which gets a few Google hits, namely this one: http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=sa&q=Z&sc=19 - would you also be able to verify this one by any chance?
 * The Korean word also seems interesting. The spelling makes it look a bit like a borrowing but it's not like any word I can think of. I wonder where it came from. — Hippietrail 08:29, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * We did an article on these plants back around 1990 or so, and дзельква is the term we used. I remember checking it carefully back then just to be sure it wasn't a typo. The  дзельква is also mentioned in my Smirnitsky Russian-English Dictionary, as well as in my Russian-English Chemical and Polytechnical Dictionary (Ludmilla I. Callaham, 1962), both very good dictionaries.

 * I have never encountered the spelling  дзельк о ва before. I believe it’s a classic case of interference...the writer sees the English name "Zelkova" and gets the notion that the the Russian term дзельква must be a mistake, so he inserts an unwarranted "o" to bring it in line with the English.

 * In the Korean word neutinamu, namu means "tree." —Stephen 09:39, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm impressed with the rarity of this word. I looked in every Russian monolingual and bilingual dictionary in a university library and most of the ones in a specialty foreign language bookshop. Not one contained "дзельква" and very few had any words beginning with "дз" at all!

Persian zelkova
I did find an entry in a Persian dictionary but didn't jot it down because it was early in my search when I thought the word would be more common. Since then I haven't found it in any other Persian dictionary. I wonder if you would have access to a good Persian dictionary? Apparently some variety of the tree is found where Persian is the local language (I looked in many botanical books too). I also wonder if there's an Armenian word but Armenian dictionaries are very hard to come by.

 * I think the Persian is درخت آزاد (deræxt âzad). Deræxt means "tree." I have a Persian dictionary, but it’s small and doesn’t have anything like this. —Stephen 13:20, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Korean zelkova
Another thing I haven't been able to find is which variant of the CJKV character was used in Korea.

 * I didn’t see this message until just now. The Korean character would be 槻. —Stephen 13:20, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm guessing the Chinese one but none of the sources I've checked even says that any of the characters are related at all except the traditional vs simplified Chinese. Until today, no Chinese dictionary I checked gave "zelkova" for 櫸 / 榉. Smaller modern dictionaries leave it out, older dictionaries say "a type of elm" or even willow, or just describe the tree and/or its wood. Do you know of any way to confirm that the Japanese 槻 and 欟 are variants of each other or that the Japanese 欅 and the Chinese 櫸 are variants of each other?

 * No, I only know the Japanese for zelkova is 欅, and that 櫸 is not used. The 4-stroke part at the bottom right of the Japanese kanji is 手 (shu, te) and represents a hand. The 3-stroke Chinese counterpart is not used in Japanese, but it seems likely to me that it is a Chinese variant of the radical for 手 (shǒu). As for 槻 and 欟, the right part of 槻 is 規, which is ki (compass, rule, law); it’s a phonetic component and it means that the whole character 槻 is pronounced "ki." The right part of 欟 is actually just a variant of 観, which is kan (appearance, view). So, no, I don't think that 槻 and 欟 are variants of one another. —Stephen 13:20, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Thanks again! — Hippietrail 11:31, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stephen G. Brown/zelkova


text:
dumpy

Adjective

 * 1) Short and thick; stout or stocky.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, трътлест
 * Galician: toupello
 * Italian: ,
 * Maori: takapū
 * Polish: przysadzisty

Noun

 * 1) A short, stout person or animal, especially one of a breed of very short-legged chickens.
 * 2)  A small bottle of beer.
 * 1)  A small bottle of beer.

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to a garbage dump; rubbishy.

title: dumpy


text:
Talk:韓

What is the morphology of this character?

RFV discussion
Rfv-sense for "Name of star Zeta Reticuli" -- the modern written Chinese spelling of that star is 网罟座ζ (traditional: 網罟座ζ). Previously entered as just "Zeta", but no star has that specific name and Zeta Reticuli is by far the most common star name that matches. Bumm13 (talk) 06:08, 3 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Delete. 韓 is an ancient name of some bright star, definitely not Zeta Reticuli. — T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 13:54, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Failed. — Ungoliant (Falai) 05:03, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:韓


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/Russian stress mark

Russian stress marks
Hi again Stephen. I really don't understand why you're removing all of the stress marks from the Russian entries. The Russian dictionaries I've used use them extensively in both headwords and translations in the English->Russian section. I see you're keeping them in the transliterations but those are secondary. People familiar with Cyrillic don't want to have to look at both scripts to see where the stress belongs. Sure there may be some rendering problems on some older computers/browsers but generally we've opted to use advanced Unicode on Wiktionary and letting the technology catch up with us if necessary. I for one miss the acute accents in the Russian Cyrillic. — Hippietrail 13:02, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Partly because they look so horrible, floating way up in the air and far off center. And partly because many people will think they are part of the spelling. In most cases, people who would have any use for the Russian accents already know them on most words, and for unfamiliar words you can instantly see the accent in the transliteration, and without even actually having to look at the transliteration. I'm even finding these pseudo-accented Russian words as titles of articles, and if you search for them without including the accent, you can't find them. There is a way to make them look good, but it’s something that I don’t think most people will be willing to do ... I’m talking about putting the IPA template around the word, like this: . Otherwise you just get волна´, which looks awful and is likely to wind up as the title of its own page. All this on top of the fact that the pseudo-accent is much harder to type than a real accent. I think putting the fake accent on Russian words offers very little benefit, but it carries lots of problems. —Stephen 13:28, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well you see they don't look horrible for everybody. It depends on OS, browser, fonts installed, versions of certain parts of the OS (such as Uniscribe on Windows). For me it matters that this type of thing works and looks as good as possible so I update these things and customize them. My default font is Arial Unicode MS which does a good job of the stress marks in Latin and Cyrillic.

 * I am using the most recent version of Uniscribe, along with Arial Unicode MS. To my eye, the effect of the universal accent is extremely bad. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

ѣ (Yat’)
Here is a picture of how it looks on this computer where I work. I don't have Internet Explorer's Cyrillic font set to Arial Unicode MS after all. I remember now that I customized my user stylesheet. In fact I did this early on both here and on Wikipedia to solve this and other international language rendering problems. — Hippietrail 10:29, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, that would explain why we’re seeing two different things. I believe what I see is what most people see. At any rate, your GIF looks reasonable, except for the accented ѣ, which collides with the accent. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Arial Unicode MS seems to have better accent positioning than Code2000, but both fonts have overlooked the possibility of accenting obsolete vowels. — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

I don't know about "most cases". I do know my case which is that I know the Cyrillic alphabet and basic Russian pronunciation. I know that Russian words have a stressed syllable. I know how to use a Russian dictionary to find where the stress goes. But I have a very tiny vocabulary.
 * Dictionaries are best if they are complete. If they were based on assumptions like "most people don't need X" then we would have dictionaries listing only rare or difficult words.

 * Yes, but few Russian-English dictionaries offer a transliteration of the Russian. When there is a transliteration, pronunciation guides are not repeated. If we're going to use the pseudo-accent on the Cyrillic word, then we should drop the transliteration. If we are going to have a transliteration, then all the pronunciation guides should be applied to the transliteration, and there only. I am happy to drop the transliterations and just put the accent in the Cyrillic, but then, because of the way it looks with my newest possible Uniscribe and font, all the entries should have the IPA template applied. This, however, creates another problem: if you include the accented word, plus the word spelt correctly (as a link), plus the IPA template, and try to put it in a bulleted list, it confuses the program and the word gets knocked to the next line, and not tabbed.

Transliteration
The reason we offer both native script and transliteration is to be useful to everybody. One of the basic tenets of Wikipedia and Wiktionary are that they are "not paper". This means we don't have leave things out that print dictionaries do to save space. Personally, I can read Cyrillic but many people who just want to look up the occasional word don't. Because of this I think the transliteration is less important than the native script but sometimes I add transliteration and I would never delete a transliteration that somebody else added. Their are some other issues with Russian transliteration such as competing systems, how to treat the "hard sign", how to treat obsolete letters, the fact that "y" in transliteration doesn't mean what inexperienced people expect... — Hippietrail 10:29, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

 * And that’s exactly why I’ve been including transliterations all along, not only for Cyrillic, but Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Georgian, Cherokee, Hindi, Arabic, Greek and all the rest. But I think that not deleting a transliteration is the same as not deleting anything else that is wrong, unneeded, poorly done or otherwise undesirable. I change transliterations very frequently, sometimes because they are just wrong, but more often in an effort to standardize. For instance, I would change a Russian pyat’ to pjat’, because that seems to be the standard here. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Unicode
A real accent is when a font designer actually creates individual accented letters. For example, the acute accent on this á is not a separate glyph...the á is a complete character with its own place in the font. Furthermore, different typefaces require different accent designs. You can’t use a Helveltica accute accent on a Times-Roman letter. So-called "universal" accents are like making a pot of mashed potatoes with a handful of dirt in it. All the accents, acute, grave, diaeresis and the rest, have to be properly designed for each individual typeface, and must be specially positioned for each character. "Universal" solutions are like putting a tuxedo on a pig. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Aha I see what you're getting at but it doesn't work quite this way. At least not since Unicode. It's not the font designers who have left out accented Cyrillic characters (not exactly anyway). It's the people behind Unicode. Unicode has no provision for Cyrlillic letters with acute accent. Their reasoning is that none of the legacy encodings had them and the comining characters (The full Unicode name seems to be "Combining Diacritical Marks") can be used with any character. I have read a couple of times Unicode's official stance on the matter but it's very difficult to find with Google. I'll post I link when I find it.

 * Yes, I understand that. In fact, Cyrillic fonts with accented vowels have existed for a long time. I have several of them. I did a lot of work with the Unicode Consortium back in the early and mid ’90s in connection with Khmer. At the time I did not get into Cyrillic with them because Cyrillic is such a simple matter. But the universal diacritics (or "combining," as they now say) have also been around for a long time, centuries. Prior to about 1990, you could always recogize an American hand in typeset foreign text by the mismatched and poorly located universal accents. They’re a sure sign of a monoglot isolationist. Perhaps that’s why I find them so offensive, while you don’t see anything wrong with them. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Combining accents
I have found some posts on the Unicode mailing list explaining that the combining characters are necessary for accented Cyrllic. I'd prefer something more official-looking, but here's what I have so far:, , — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, there is no question but that combining characters are required for accented Cyrillic in Unicode. But when Cyrillic fonts are designed, the "combining" accents are created with zero width, so that they work like a deadkey. This can work fairly well with fixed-space fonts such as Courier... but with proportional fonts, the combining accents fall too far to the left or to the right, depending on the base letter, and frequently either too high or too low. The combining accents cannot be made to work in an acceptable manner unless the developer takes the extra step of using a program like VOLT to add positioning tables that dictate exactly how each accent will be positioned for each base. Even then, it only works for the accent/letter pairs that the developer actually addresses. With most fonts available today, no one has bothered to add positioning tables for the acute with each of the ten Russian vowels, and Uniscribe doesn't perform this function unless the tables have been included in the font.

 * I think a good example of what I’m talking about is the different positioning proportioned to the font invoked by the IPA template as opposed to the font invoked by the Unicode template: vs. Unicode а́э́ы́о́у́ я́е́и́ёю́. I don’t know what the fonts are, but you can see what a tremedous difference there is. Another big problem is the fact that the big Unicode fonts (such as Arial Unicode MS) don’t have bold versions, so when you apply bolding, Windows creates a pseudo-bold font on the fly, and it really looks terrible (blurry, blotchy and out-of-focus). Let’s see if there is a difference in the font templates in this regard: aeiou &  vs.  & Unicode а́э́ы́о́у́ я́е́и́ёю́. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

What a font designer needs to do these days for accented Cyrillic is to design all the Cyrillic letters he/she wants plus the combining acute accent, U+0301. These glyphs are designed to overstrike a previous glyph. The problem is that some fonts don't include them, some fonts include them but omit to make them "non-spacing".

 * Yes, I know exactly how they work. I have a lot of experience with them. They are included in fonts only as a bandaid. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

The issue of putting an accent from one font with a letter of another font wouldn't usually come up unless Uniscribe (or the Mac or Linux counterpart) has logic to specifically implement such a workaround.

 * No, most fontmakers who include the loose accents just pick them up from a character database, and don’t expend any time or effort refining them to make them match the font. Just because they are in the font does not mean that they match the font. If they do match the font, then Uniscribe could conceivably position them properly for each letter, but this rarely if ever happens. As far as I can tell, the loose accents are given a single unit of width (one unit is required by the Windows system), and the accent then fits differently with different characters according to their width. I have seen some that were positioned better by kerning, but kerning values are almost always missing from these letters. I know you think that I don’t know anything about this, but I’ve designed many fonts myself (using Fontographer) and I have over three decades of experience with fonts and typography. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Let me apologize if I've been giving the wrong impression but there's no contributor here whom I respect more than yourself. I'm just being over-descriptive because I'm not sure how far your knowledge extends, to test test my own knowledge by describing to you how I believe things work, and also for the benefit of any 3rd parties reading this conversation.
 * It's a shame if font designers are not taking due care to shape and position the combining acute accent for Cyrillic. I would expect Cyrillic fonts to do a better job than general purpose fonts, but since the old 8-bit encodings, the keyboards, and the majority of existing text doesn't use the acute, they seem to have overlooked it for the time being.

GSub

 * TrueType/OpenType includes two useful features: GSUB for glyph substitution, which allows the designer to provide a distinct glyph for a character given its context; and GPOS for glyph positioning, which allows a font designer to specify how to position an accent relative to its base character.
 * Maybe Fontographer doesn't have good support for GPOS and GSUB or only introduced it in a certain version. These features are exotic enough that the majority of fonts for "simple" scripts such as Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, CJK, can usually do without them. — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I know about the GSub and GPos tables. I’ve used VOLT now for several years to insert these tables into Arabic fonts. But all of my experience has been in regard to high-end typography programs such as QuarkXPress and Adobe Illustrator, and I have not gotten into Internet fonts. I used to work with Macromedia on their Fontographer forum, helping people with their font issues, but then Macromedia abandoned the business of printer fonts and typography, and started focusing strictly on the Internet. That’s when I stopped moderating there. I know that I should have followed fonts as they turned to Internet usage, but I found that aspect too boring, at least for the time being. That’s why I don’t know much about fonts as used on the Internet. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It is true as you say that "All the accents, acute, grave, diaeresis and the rest, have to be properly designed for each individual typeface, and must be specially positioned for each character". This is what TrueType and OpenType are all about. One of their features is to allow font designers to supply specific positioning information for combining accents.
 * The "universal" solution you mention just doesn't exist. — Hippietrail 04:30, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don’t understand what you mean. What "universal" solution doesn’t exist? —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The "codepoint" for "combining acute" is Universal. My interpretation of what you were saying was that a rendering system might draw the text using one font, and the accents using another. The latter is the non-solution to which I was referring. — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don’t remember what I was saying, but it definitely wasn’t that. I know that the base letters and the accents are always part of the same font. I was probably talking about the fact that just because a given font includes the combining acute accent, that doesn’t mean that the font developer went to the trouble of using VOLT to create positioning tables for the acute accent and the particular Cyrillic letters that we are trying to apply it to. Arabic ranges always have to have GSub and GPos tables, but Roman and Cyrillic letters rarely have them. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

If there are words which exist only under a title with a stress mark, this is an error. Wiktionary is full of errors and one of the things us editors do is browse through and fix (or mark to be fixed) errors we find. In this case we would move the article to the spelling without the stress mark. If there is already a word there, merging might be required. It's not a bad idea to keep the redirect from the stress-marked word to the non-marked word in case somebody searches for it. But it's not very important.

 * Yes, but there are more than one pseudo-acute accent that someone could type, so several pages would be needed for each word. Besides, I don't think anyone would ever type an accent when searching for Russian...there would only be a need for such confusion if we start putting pseudo-accents on Russian words, which would inexorably lead to accented words as article heads. (And anyway, I checked and there were no links pointing to the words I marked for deletion.) —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think the redirect pages are "needed". They are nice extras which few people would ever use. Much like vowelled Hebrew or Arabic redirects. It's probably true that few people will type accented Russian but I have already cut and pasted accented Russian back when I was going through the painful process of learning all this esoteric Unicode stuff.


text:
tarchiato

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) stocky, dumpy

title: tarchiato


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/Arabic vowels

Arabic vowels
I don’t see the value in vowelled Arabic redirects. No one ever uses all the possible vowel points in a given word. If the writer thinks they are needed in a particular case, he only puts one, rarely two. Two different writers, or the same writer in two different cases, might choose to use a different vowel on the same word. The best Arabic software just ignores the vowels, as though they weren’t there. If you search for a word, you can put any or all of the vowels, or none, and it will find all cases of the word regardless of the vowels. But Wiktionary software doesn’t ignore them, so if you put redirects, you need to include a word with all possible permutations of vowel combinations. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Not exactly "no one". The two major uses are dictionaries and the Koran. Voweled Korans exist on the Internet. I can easily imagine people more interested in Islam than in Arabic trying to look up words by cutting and pasting into a dictionary like ours. Ideally, the Wiktionary software would have search ability capable of ignoring vowels, but I've looked into it and it's not in an easy state to hack right now due to how MySQL implements free-text search. — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I meant that no writer uses them, not that no dictionary uses them. I recall that there was a time that Qaddafy mandated full vowel-pointing to be used in all material printed in and for Libya. People hated it. Yes, people sometimes cut and paste into search engines to search for Arabic words, but different sources provided different vowel-pointing for the very same word. Not only that, but some sources also make use of tashdid to stretch some words (or parts of words) out for esthetic purposes. Also, some letters (such as kaf) have one or more variations which may be used, again for esthetic reasons. Any search engine that cannot discern and ignore the vowels, sukuns, shaddas, tashdids, and elegant variations, really is very, very primitive, and should only be used in the most basic way ... meaning that all the vowels and other extraneous marks should be removed first. Anyone who is searching for an Arabic word who does not know to (and know how to) add or remove these things, will never be able to get anywhere with a program such as ours that really is not meant for languages that use the Arabic script. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Shuō cáo cāo, cáo cāo dào! I just read on the wikitech mailing list minutes ago that a new, much better full-text search engine has been enabled on the English Wiktionary and several other wikis. It's nice for English, I'll see what it can do for other languages. I'll ask on the list how "hackable" it is. Maybe we can improve it. (I'm an ex software engineer) — Hippietrail 11:08, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Templates
Then we should, if we're going to use the universal accent, make up a Cyrillic template and use it religiously (despite the problems that it causes in bulleted items). I have no idea how to do that. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll try to find some time to ask the developers or the people who came up with the IPA, Unicode, and Polytonic Greek templates. — Hippietrail 04:30, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Polytonic Greek is another problem. I’m assuming that the fonts they use to create these templates are embedded fonts, so that everyone sees them regardless of what’s on their computers. It that’s the case, it would be helpful to make templates that include, for example, Khmer. Khmer is one of the most complex scripts, and very few people have the ability to see Khmer Unicode. It’s still too new. Almost all Cambodians are still using old-fashioned TT Khmer fonts with numerous possible encodings. —Stephen 10:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Regarding the Arabic and Thai templates. I'm still learning wiki templates and CSS so I've made some errors with the new experimental templates that I'm trying to fix.

I noticed you used the template once or twice and saw that you were using it in the headings but not in the plain article text. This made me wonder if it was because of the size. Then I realized I'd given absolute sizes in the templates which naturally override the sizes due to being at a particular heading level. I've made them relative now, both at 150% but please feel free to tweak them if you find they're not quite right.
 * No, it’s because of the problem with the vowels. After they fix it, a lot of the Arabic will have to be retyped, so I haven’t wanted to mess with it much. At least, I assume retyping will be necessary...I don’t see how they could be fixed automatically. After they fix the problem and I begin retyping, then I’ll use to AR template to indicate that the vowels in an entry have been checked and fixed if needed. —Stephen 09:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've also found that overriding the sizes in your personal CSS file doesn't actually work. I thought it was due to a special hack used in the IPA template I based my templates on which was supposed to make the fonts change only for Internet Explorer since other browsers worked fine without the IPA template. Anyway, these attempts did not make any difference for me. — Hippietrail 09:32, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I’ve been looking at some Monobook pages and it surprises me how cryptic and unintuitive they are. I guess I’ll just have to start trying different things to see what effects I can get. —Stephen 09:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Embedding
No Wikipedia doesn't use any embedded fonts. Wikipedia gives help on how to install fonts for exotic purposes for those who need them and just uses Unicode with the aforementioned macros.

 * I was afraid of that. Too bad, embedding would be a tremendous tool here if it were available. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm very interested in the complex Asian scripts, especially the ones that are so complex that few fonts still exist. Khmer, Myanmar, Sinhala, Tibetan are all difficult to find fonts for which do as expected. That hasn't stopped me from making a small number of Wiktionary entries in each language so that I can learn how to use them and what their difficulties are - including the technological difficulties that Wiktionary will have to overcome if it's to live up to "all words in all languages". It's a challenge! — Hippietrail 01:27, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, they are a problem. I have a lot of those fonts (Khmer, Burmese, etc.) that I use with QuarkXPress or Adobe Illustrator, but they are not Unicode. I recently tried to install Unicode support for Khmer, but something wasn’t compatible with my Win2K and I was forced to re-install my OS to fix the problems. —Stephen 10:03, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Other ways which may work for different people are to adjust your Wiktionary settings, to create a custom Wiktionary "user stylesheet", to change the browser's default font, or just to have some nice fonts installed. Some browsers and OSes have different degrees of smarts than others.

 * I'm using the most recent version of IE 6, plus the most recent Uniscribe and top-quality fonts. I may be limited in my OS, however, which is Win2K Professional. I think I'm seeing the same thing you are, but to me it’s grotesque. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I mentioned that I worked for years in the typographics and print industry, and in printed materials a "universal" accent such as the one here would be unacceptable. Each typeface requires specially-designed accents, and every character requires custom positioning of the accents. I don't think anyone would produce a dictionary that included accented Cyrillic letters (even with proper accents) along with transliterations. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

One trap we should especially do our best to avoid is making the "text" or "source" subservient to the software/OS/etc. Software and OS developers resist improving their products on the basis of "no websites use that stuff". We need that stuff! Wikipedia is one of the most-used resources on the Internet. We are its sister project. In a way it's our job to make sure we use all the Unicode features so that Microsoft, MediaWiki, etc support them. If people didn't try to push the technology to work with their "exotic" languages, everybody would still be typing Greek and Russian and Japanese and Arabic in Latin transliteration.

 * Somehow I don't think the pseudo-accent has anything to do with Unicode or pushing the technology. Yes, it would be nice if we had Cyrillic fonts with properly accented letters and an easy way to type them, but I don't see how using the false acute is going to make anyone see the need. They'll just think that we don't care how it looks. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Another way of looking at it is that every time OSes and browsers actually did improve, we'd have to go through and re-do all our articles to put in the features that we really wanted all along.

 * The only way to fix the accents is to develop fonts with custom-accented characters according to the typeface, with Unicode assignments. And if that ever happened, then we'd have to go back and delete and redo all of these fake accents. Putting the accent isn't a way a getting ready for the future, it's something that the future may demand that we go back and delete them and replace them with the correct Unicode forms. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * In fact it's not possible to make fonts with "precomposed" Cyrillic letters unless we put those letters in the user-defined range of Unicode. There are surely other Cyrillic fonts already around which do have the combining acute done properly. Two that I know of are Arial Unicode MS and Code2000, though the latter is very ugly. I'll try to find some people to ask about such fonts, as well as fonts which include obsolete Cyrllic characters. — Hippietrail 04:30, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I know a lot of this sounds like a bit of a rant or sounds unreasonable for the user. But most users just want English and maybe one or two western European languages. People that want more exotic stuff already have to customize their computer by installing fonts and keyboards etc. People who want to use all kinds of funky languages like Hindi and Georgian know they have to do even more. The best way to make Wiktionary better for such people is to resist the urge to dumb down the content because of deficiencies in the default setup of the software. If we dumb down, there's no way for the user to customize to get back what's been omitted.

 * I don't think keeping all the pronunciation guides all together in the transliteration is dumbing down, I think it's the best way to go. If we're going to put the "universal" accents that we may someday have to redo, then we shouldn't be bothering with the transliteration. The pronunciation doesn't need to be in two different places. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Please feel free to discuss any of these points at length. I know my writing is bad and may be unclear for those trying to understand what I want to say. — Hippietrail 14:25, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * As I said (or at least meant to say), I'll leave the "universal" accents alone, but they are too much work to improve. I think all I can do when I come across entries that are treated this way is to ignore them. As far as I'm concerned, transliteration is currently the only good answer with Russian, Japanese, and most other languages. There are some languages such as Thai where this really is not enough, and I haven't thought of anything reasonable for Thai. There are commonly accepted practices for indicating tones in Chinese, either by accents (liù) or by numbers (liu4). But Thai has more complex vowels and more accents, and I don't know of a nontechnical way of indicating them. For example, I've been using àèìòù for both low and falling tones. Chinese doesn't present this problem. To me this is a real problem. I don't feel that putting accents strictly on the transliteration amounts to a problem with Russian. —Stephen 15:57, 8 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
QTC

Symbol

 * 1)  How many telegrams (messages) have you to send?
 * 2)  I have ... telegrams (messages) for you (or for ...).

title: QTC


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/Declension tables

Declension tables, etc.
I began by sending this to Dennis Veleev, but he referred me to you

I am at odds to understand why you need to use the Unicode template in the declension tables when simply putting the word will do just fine. Avoiding unnecesaary constructions keeps the project simpler to edit.
 * They don’t do fine at all. Without the Unicode template, the acute accent appears over to one side and very high in the air. If it looked fine without it, then I certainly would not be using it.

I do have mixed feelings about using the stress marks since they are not normally used in Russian texts, and we really have not used this to show stress in any other language. I'm sure you have your reasons for doing this. Still I thought it better to discuss the matter before starting to remove them.
 * The stress is usually fairly predictable in many languages (such as Hungarian, Finnish, French, Czech, Polish, German, Italian), and is explicitly marked in others (such as Spanish and Portuguese). Russian stress is mobile and extremely unpredictable. Virtually all Russian dictionaries indicate word stress. The declension tables that I have been putting in would be completely useless without showing the stressed syllables. As far as including these accents on the entries themselves (that is, the Russian word immediately following the heading "Noun" or "Verb," I am also in favor of not putting them, since I've been indicating the stress in the transliteration. Hippytrail, however, strongly disagreed about this and requested that I not remove existing accents from these entry words. So when I find them already there, I just ignore them, but I don’t put them when I create new pages. But in the Declension and Conjugation tables (especially the Declension tables), stress indication is absolutely necessary. If we are not going to put the accent, then we don’t need the tables at all, since that makes them useless. —Stephen 10:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps then a reasonable compromise in the declension tables would be to add the transliterations and show the stresses only on the transliterations. Eclecticology 03:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Declension and conjugation paradigms are never shown in transliteration, and if we did that, the tables would be unwieldy and grotesque. I don’t think anyone would be willing to do them along with transliterations, and the people who would like to consult these tables would be very put off. I, for example, have resorted to Russian declension and conjugation tables every day of my life for the last 40 years, and I wouldn’t waste a moment of my time with transliterated tables. I can barely tolerate the transliterations of the head words that I’m putting in. Cyrillic is extraordinarily simple and easy to learn, and it only takes a half hour to learn to read and write it. The transliterations are only for people who have only a passing interest. Students and users of the language do not appreciate them and would be put off by transliterated declension tables.—Stephen 09:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

For the cases it should be enough to simply link to nominative rather than nominative case. (The same for the other cases) Somehow we have ended up with separate articles for the two terms and the content should be merged at some time.
 * I considered that in the beginning, but decided that it was better to put possessive case, etc., because those pages are disambiguated. The pages without "case" sometimes have other meanings that make it more difficult to understand, especially for the kind of person who would actually need to refer to these pages. People who understand noun declension do not need to bother. We can merge the pages and delete the "case" references, but I think that makes it all more difficult to use and less useful. —Stephen 10:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Would simply identifying the useage as "(Grammar)" at possessive not be sufficient? But then we don't need "possesive" for Russian anyway.  AFAIK most languages would use genitive for that concept. Eclecticology 03:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As time permits, I have been creating articles for all of the declensions, and all of the articles are named with the word "case": illative case, ablative case, adessive case, inessive case, temporal case, superessive case, allative case, delative case, caritive case, vocative case, abessive case, benefactive case, ergative case, and so on. These articles are linked to in other pages as well, such as at. Besides that, in some instances Russian also has other cases, in particular the partitive case, the locative case, and the vocative case. Many of these words (such as accusative) have other meanings as well, including other grammatical senses. The people who would click on these links would have little or no understanding of noun cases, and probably not much knowledge of grammar in general. It is extraordinarily easy to write the links as I have done them, and not one bit easier to do them the other way...and the links as I’ve done them are far easier for a novice to make sense of, and they would get lost and give up if I used the merged links instead. Also, as I have designed the tables, they are exceedingly easy to edit, if anyone ever needed to do it (but this is factual data, and future editing is not very likely and would probably be detrimental). If the Unicode Consortium and font manufacturers ever start making Unicode fonts with true accented Cyrillic vowels, then that would call for some editing, but the editing would be just as easy with the tables as I’m doing them.—Stephen 09:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Finally I think that transliterations with "j" are somewhat antiquated. The system with a "y" is probably preferable. This system is used by the British Library and the U. S. Board on Geographical Names. Thus й becomes y, я becomes ya, and ю becomes yu. Also е becomes ye at the beginning of words and after ъ, ь or a vowel. This system can be used for all Slavonic languages that use a Cyrillic script except Serbian and Macedonian. Eclecticology 09:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I was transliterating here with a "y" a couple of years ago, but people complained about it being Anglocentric, and the majority of people who deal with the Slavic languages are accustomed to the "j" as used in German, Czech, Serbian, Croatian, Latvian, Polish, IPA, etc. Besides that, there is another letter, Ы, that is transliterated as "y," and many people find it confusing...especially since the two different y's frequently appear together: zholtyy, zholtyye (where one "y" is hard "yeri" and the other is the semivowel). No matter which way we do it, somebody is going to complain and say there’s a better way, and then people complain about the "better way" and say there’s another "better way."—Stephen 10:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Being Anglocentric should not be a problem on the English Wiktionary. :-)
 * I'm not bothered by having two y's come together. Without looking into it too deeply I believe that the uses are mutually exclusive.  My view is based on reviewing the matter in both the Oxford and Chicago stylebooks.  Eclecticology 03:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it doesn’t matter to me, I’m familiar with several popular systems. I was using the one you suggested a couple of years ago, and the sysops of those days were against using "y" for the semivowel, and I was instructed to use the "j." I don’t care which way we do it, but there should be an agreed-upon policy so that we don’t have to re-do everything every year. I’ve done a lot of work using my current transliteration scheme, and changing in midstream would mean having two systems (at least) in use for months or years to come. If everyone agrees on a change as official policy, then I’m okay with that...but it will take a long time to convert all of the old material.
 * And yes, in Russian the two y’s are mutually exclusive, and if you know the Cyrillic alphabet well enough, then you will have no trouble knowing which is which. Unfortunately, the only people who use the transliterations are people who don’t know Cyrillic and who don’t care enough about it to learn...and they will not understand the difference between the two y’s. And in some Cyrillic-using languages, the two y's are not differentiated...for instance, in Chukchi you can have йъилгын (y’ilgyn) vs. ыълетык (y’letyk), or чамаым (chamaym), гырокыым (gyrokyym), алялкыян (alyalkyyan), all difficult-to-decipher conflicts; in Mari, лийын (liyyn); Komi, биыс (biys); Chuvash, йываç (yyvaç); and many other languages...they very often have spellings that make it hard to know which y is which.
 * But, as I said, I don’t care which way we do it as long as it’s agreed-upon as the official policy, and as long as everyone understands that the many old transliterations are going to be around for a long time to come.
 * What I do care about, however, is that (1) the declension and conjugation tables not be transliterated, (2) the Cyrillic accent not be used without the Unicode template, and (3) that all the nice noun-case pages that I have been creating not be devalued by merging into adjective pages with irrelevant senses.
 * One thing that might be done, if anyone knows how, is to create a template for these tables. I could write a template that would work, but I don’t know wiki language well enough and my template would be too complicated. If someone could write a nice, easy-to-use template for these tables, then all the tables could be edited and updated in one stroke if they ever came out with better Cyrillic fonts or other tools. If no one wants to do a template (the one for verbs will have to be much more complex), then I think the way I am doing them is the best possible (for the nouns, I mean...I still have a lot of work to do on the verb tables). —Stephen 09:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Reverence
Thanks a lot for your wading (read: combing) through my contributions. Dennis Valeev 11:28, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You’re very welcome! —Stephen 11:36, 31 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
dematerialization

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of dematerializing, or becoming immaterial.
 * 2)  The substitution of paper-form securities by book-entry securities.

Translations

 * Italian: smaterializzazione
 * Polish:
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish: dematerialisering, dematerialisation

 * Greek:
 * Italian: dematerializzazione
 * Polish:

title: dematerialization


text: dematerializing

title: dematerializing


text:
dematerialize

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To disappear by becoming immaterial.
 * 2)  To cause something to disappear by making it immaterial.
 * 3)  To remove the physical materials from (a process, etc.).
 * 1)  To cause something to disappear by making it immaterial.
 * 2)  To remove the physical materials from (a process, etc.).
 * 1)  To remove the physical materials from (a process, etc.).

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: smaterializzarsi
 * Polish: dematerializować, zdematerializować
 * Ukrainian: дематеріалізува́тися

 * Danish: dematerialisere
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: dematerializować, zdematerializować
 * Swedish: dematerialisera, avmaterialisera
 * Ukrainian: дематеріалізува́ти

title: dematerialize


text:
babytalk

Verb

 * 1) To speak in baby talk form of speech used by adults in talking to very young children.

title: babytalk


text:
User talk:Stephen G. Brown/Experimental templates

Experimental templates to fix problems with Arabic and Thai scripts being too small
Hi Stephen. I've been thinking about various script problems lately and the IPA and Cyrillic issues have given me some ideas. Please look at Talk:%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7. Also check out my custom CSS page User:Hippietrail/monobook.css to see how you can make those fonts look however big (or whatever else) you like. I think this may be a very good solution and can probably be extended to help with other problems. Please let me know what you think. — Hippietrail 15:08, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi again Stephen. I've been playing with CSS (as well as Javascript) for a few weeks now and I've got the hang of it a bit. For users to customize the size of the fonts they see for Thai and Arabic, they need to make use of the CSS !important keyword like this:

 * .AR { font-size: 200% !important; }

 * That way everybody can set the fonts to whatever size they prefer and all we have to do is use the and  macros. Thanks for trying out my work! — Hippietrail 27 June 2005 11:40 (UTC)

 * It works pretty well for the Arabic and Thai, but I’ve discovered that the font we’re using is no good for Persian. It breaks the Persian "e": (should be: تیلفون ). I haven’t found the time to see which fonts in the standard Windows set will work for Persian. I don’t want to select one of my dedicated fonts, because most people will not have that.
 * I also notice that there has been no word on the Arabic vowel problem. I suppose it’s a difficult programming problem, and so it will probably never be addressed. In the meantime, compound Arabic diacritics have to be avoided. —Stephen June 27, 2005 13:01 (UTC)
 * I'd be happy to make a new template for Persian. The names we now have fits with ISO language tags anyway, so I can make, you can experiment with .FA in your monobook.css file to see what works in general fonts and your dedicated fonts. Then you can edit the template to use the best general font and retain your dedicated font in your monobook.css
 * The bug in Microsoft's fonts with "farsi yeh" is pretty well known. I think I've read that it's fixed but maybe you only get the fix from service patches to Windows XP... I'm not sure about that.
 * I'll make an template too. That way we can force Arial Unicode MS so people can at least see the stress marks, and people with dedicated fonts that support both the stress marks and proper Russian italics can set up their font in their monobook.css — Hippietrail 28 June 2005 00:10 (UTC)

 * Stephen, this article investigates which standard Microsoft fonts work best for Urdu and specifically mentions "farsi yeh". What works for Urdu also works for Persian. I don't have those fonts on this computer but if you could test them I'll use your recommendations in the new template. They recomment version 2.80 or 3.0 of Tahoma, or Microsoft Sans Serif. — Hippietrail 28 June 2005 00:51 (UTC)

 * At the risk of overwhelming or boring you, here is a Google search link which finds many fora discussing the problem, most not in English if you can read the others. One included a test which showed that on my system only Tahoma does the right thing. — Hippietrail 28 June 2005 01:19 (UTC)

 * Well, we would only want to select from the standard font set that comes with Windows. Persian natives will have special fonts that most other people don’t have, but they are not a likely audience. Most people who would like to see these words will be Americans, Brits and other Westerners, and they usually won’t have special Persian fonts installed.
 * I checked a bit and it seems that most (but not all) OpenType fonts will show Persian correctly. Here are some OpenType font names that I’ve found will work: Arabic Typesetting, Arial, Book Antiqua, Bookman Oldstyle, Century, Garamond, Palatino Linotype, Tahoma, Times New Roman (but not Courier New, even though it’s OpenType). The Arial that I named is just the regular OT font, and not Arial Unicode MS. Arabic Typesetting is probably not common, and I’m not sure if Palatino Linotype is common or not. The other ones that I named should be available on most any computer I think.
 * Yesterday morning I tried to update an Arabic page that I had written perhaps a year ago, حسن...there were several instances of compound Arabic diacritics on the page, and they all were displaying correctly. After I made a few changes and saved the page, however, the compound diacritics were reversed and completely wrong...so I had to remove one of each pair and then resave the page. So this problem is fairly recent. —Stephen June 28, 2005 07:11 (UTC)

 * I thought I'd already mentioned it but apparently not. I implemented a couple of days ago. Currently it just uses Tahoma which does come with Windows and is one which worked for me, but please feel free to tweak it. — Hippietrail 6 July 2005 10:22 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I’ll give it a try. ...یارم چو قدح بدست گیرد بتیلفون. I think you also mentioned doing an template...that’s how I’ve been using the  template, to position Russian accents: . —Stephen 6 July 2005 10:45 (UTC)


text:
щётка для ресниц

Noun

 * 1) eyelash brush

title: щётка для ресниц


text:
грим

Etymology
, of origin. Originally meant “mask”.

Noun

 * 1) makeup

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) makeup (especially theatrical makeup)
 * 2) grease-paint

title: грим


text:
гримировка

Noun

 * 1) makeup

title: гримировка


text:
allekirjoittaa

Verb

 * 1)  To sign, subscribe, underwrite.
 * 2)  To underwrite, accept.

title: allekirjoittaa


text:
托運

Verb

 * 1) to consign ; to check through

title: 托運


text: 托运

title: 托运


text:
румяна

Noun

 * 1) blush, blusher, rouge

title: румяна


text:
kirjutama

Etymology
From,.

Verb

 * 1) to write
 * 2) to send a letter
 * 3) to write, to compose
 * 4) to register tenants, documentation

title: kirjutama


text:
收復

Verb

 * 1) to recover; to recapture; to regain especially lost territory

title: 收復


text: 收复

title: 收复


text:
panentheistic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to panentheism.

title: panentheistic


text:
тень

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) sinew

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) shade
 * 2) shadow
 * 3) vestige, particle, atom, hint
 * 4)  eye shadow

Noun

 * 1) apparition, phantom, ghost

title: тень


text:
早知今日，何必當初

Idiom

 * 1) to regret one's past behaviour

title: 早知今日，何必當初


text: 早知今日，何必当初

title: 早知今日，何必当初


text:
有一搭沒一搭

Etymology
From Dream of the Red Chamber.

Idiom

 * 1) think of something to say without paying much heed to what one is saying

title: 有一搭沒一搭


text: 有一搭没一搭

title: 有一搭没一搭


text:
有一頓，沒一頓

Idiom

 * 1) describes when someone cannot eat on a regular basis

title: 有一頓，沒一頓


text: 有一顿，没一顿

title: 有一顿，没一顿


text:
有子萬事足

Proverb

 * 1) all is well if one has a son

title: 有子萬事足


text: 有子万事足

title: 有子万事足


text:
有幸

Adjective

 * 1) lucky; fortunate; having the honour of doing something

title: 有幸


text:
有情人終成眷屬

Idiom

 * 1) the lovers finally became a family

title: 有情人終成眷屬


text: 有情人终成眷属

title: 有情人终成眷属


text:
有教無類

Etymology
From the Analects, Book 15 (《論語·衞靈公》):

Idiom

 * 1) to provide education for all and without class discriminations

title: 有教無類


text: 有教无类

title: 有教无类


text:
有理走遍天下

Proverb

 * 1) With justice on your side, you can go anywhere.

title: 有理走遍天下


text:
有錢能使鬼推磨

Proverb

 * 1) money makes the world go around; money talks

title: 有錢能使鬼推磨


text: 有钱能使鬼推磨

title: 有钱能使鬼推磨


text:
朽木不可雕

Etymology
From the Analects, Book 5 (《論語·公冶長》):

Proverb

 * 1) You can’t teach a student that doesn’t have the aptitude.

title: 朽木不可雕


text:
Talk:other's

Is others' the correct possessive of the plural others? Ex. It would be useful for others' own purposes.

 * Yes, others’ is the plural possessive. —Stephen 23:13, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

RFD discussion: October–November 2016
Explicitly disallowed by WT:About English as it's SoP of other and -'s. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:35, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. DCDuring TALK 02:34, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, delete, anagrams and all. It's been here since 2005 though. DonnanZ (talk) 14:40, 31 October 2016 (UTC)
 * A usage note at may be useful though, pointing out that others and other's shouldn't be confused. DonnanZ (talk) 14:48, 31 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Deleted; usage note at added. — SMUconlaw (talk) 19:43, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:other's


text: BDU

title: BDU


text:
此地無銀三百兩

Etymology
The first half of a longer sentence:, literally “There are no 300 taels of silver (buried) here. The neighbour Wang Er did not steal (the silver).”

It is said to come from a story about a man named Zhang San. According to the story, he buried 300 taels of silver in the ground with the banner “There are no 300 taels of silver (buried) here” so that no one would steal them. But his neighbor Wang Er saw through the lie and dug up the money, leaving the banner “Your neighbour Wang Er did not steal (the silver)”.

Idiom

 * 1) a clumsy denial resulting in self-exposure; a very poor lie which reveals the truth; protest one's innocence too much; the lady doth protest too much

title: 此地無銀三百兩


text: 此地无银三百两

title: 此地无银三百两


text:
此起彼落

Idiom

 * 1)  rising and falling; continuous; unceasing

title: 此起彼落


text:
死寂

Adjective

 * 1) extremely still and silent

title: 死寂


text:
百口莫辯

Idiom

 * 1) unable to give a convincing explanation in self-defense; difficult to clarify; beyond justification when wronged or treated unjustly

title: 百口莫辯


text: 百口莫辩

title: 百口莫辩


text:
Fon

Proper noun

 * 1) A language of Benin and Togo, specifically, in the southern regions corresponding to the former kingdom of Dahomey. Also known as Fongbe or Fɔngbe, it is part of the Gbe family of West African languages.

Translations

 * Fon: Fɔngbe

title: Fon


text:
Fɔngbe

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) the Fon language, the main language of southern Benin spoken by the Fon people and neighboring ethnic groups.

title: Fɔngbe


text:
百尺竿頭，更進一步

Etymology
Literally: Even a 100 foot stalk of bamboo can progress one more step.

Proverb

 * 1) Even though one has reached great heights of success, one should still strive to improve oneself.

title: 百尺竿頭，更進一步


text: 百尺竿头更进一步

title: 百尺竿头更进一步


text:
Talk:coin

Quote Layouts
Here's the layout format I'm using for quotes. Please let me know if it's wrong. Rklawton 00:22, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

alternate but equivalent form of expression
something considered acceptable as an alternative form of expression Honesty is her coin of choice. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:00, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Picture
The depicted object actually looks like a cast medal, not a struck coin.

title: Talk:coin


text:
vestir

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to clothe, to dress
 * 2)  to put on; to get dressed
 * 3)  to wear
 * 4)  to dress

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to wear
 * 2)  to dress, to clothe
 * 3)  to coat
 * 4)  to get dressed
 * 5)  to dress
 * 1)  to get dressed
 * 2)  to dress
 * 1)  to dress

Etymology
From, from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to dress

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to dress

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to dress; to clothe

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to wear; to don
 * 2)  to put on
 * 3)  to get dressed
 * 4)  to dress; to clothe
 * 5)  to dress
 * 1)  to dress; to clothe
 * 2)  to dress
 * 1)  to dress
 * 1)  to dress

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to dress, to clothe, to attire
 * 2) to wear
 * 3) to adorn, to bedeck, to embellish
 * 4) to disguise, to cover up
 * 5) to make clothes for, to dress
 * 6)  to get dressed

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to dress

title: vestir


text:
User talk:Theultranobody

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie T C 01:49, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Theultranobody


text:
fresh off the boat

Adjective

 * 1)  Newly arrived from a foreign place, especially as an immigrant who is still unfamiliar with the customs and language of his or her new environment.
 * 2) * 2005, Lev Grossman, "They Built This City (book review)," Time, 20 Mar.:
 * Metropolis is the story of a harmless, hapless, nameless young German immigrant, fresh off the boat in 1860-something, who has a knack for naively stumbling into complicated plots through no fault of his own.
 * 1) * 2005, Lev Grossman, "They Built This City (book review)," Time, 20 Mar.:
 * Metropolis is the story of a harmless, hapless, nameless young German immigrant, fresh off the boat in 1860-something, who has a knack for naively stumbling into complicated plots through no fault of his own.

title: fresh off the boat


text: dissipates

title: dissipates


text: admonished

title: admonished


text:
make someone's day

Verb

 * 1)  To make someone happy, or be a source of satisfaction, for the rest of the day.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, tehdä joku iloiseksi
 * French: faire plaisir à quelqu'un, rendre quelqu'un heureux (pour la journée)
 * German: jemanden glücklich machen, jemandem Freude machen, jemandem den Tag retten
 * Hungarian: feldobja/bearanyozza a napját
 * Icelandic: gleðja
 * Italian: far felice qualcuno, rallegrare la giornata a qualcuno, migliorare la giornata a qualcuno
 * Polish: upiększać komuś dzień, upiększyć komuś dzień
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: alegrarle el día a alguien, hacerla buena, darle el gusto a alguien

title: make someone's day


text: bindings

title: bindings


text: identifiers

title: identifiers


text:
Talk:id

id, the computing abbreviation
Yes, it's an abbreviation and no it's not necessarly capitalized. Sure, it's capitalized when a copy editor gets to it, but not so much by the people who program. Try searching the linux kernel mailing list for "id" and notice the ratios. I would not be heartbroken if it was moved, but it was a deliberate choice on my part to do it this way. --kop 04:51, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem is that in chat rooms, Usenet, programming comments, IRC, mailing lists, email, and SMS messages, we often avoid all punctuation, capitalization, and even full spelling consciously - which is a special case and I'm not sure how to tell the difference between these and a spelling/casing which is sense-dependent. I'm also not sure what the best way to deal with them on Wiktionary might be. — Hippietrail 18:51, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I think the general problem will go away in about 50 years when most people will be illiterate. They won't need to be literate because all the media will be available in auditory form and voice will subsume text.  Sadly, already only 1/3rd of U.S. college graduates can read at a level that allows them to compare the viewpoints of two editorials. (See: literacy and The National Center for Education Statistics "A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st Century".)  Meanwhile, I don't know what to do either.
 * On second thought, if every definition has a reference of first instance like the OED then the problem solves itself. You can tell right away if the word arose last week.
 * Regardless, I don't think id falls into the 'butchered word' category. IMO it's a legitimate shift in the the venacular -- from abbreviation to word.  Once upon a time, years ago, I used to capitalize it but gave up long ago and nobody blinks.  The IT profession uses it too much.  Its of the same vein as data being both singluar and plural .  Having said that, I don't have a proposal for what to do with words in transition either.  --kop 02:11, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I also almost always write id' though sometimes I think about it and my decision depends on whom I expect to be reading. Collins and Encarta online both give only ID for the identification sense - Encarta even specifically gives it for the verb sense. — Hippietrail 02:26, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm a little muzzy here but it seems to me that the IT usage means identifier, which is a little different from identification, isn't it? That would mean that we're talking about a different sense than Collins and Encarta.  Or is that cheating?
 * How about this. We get rid of it as an abbreviation and simply call it a noun, another word for identifier.  Then we make a usage note that says something useful, like maybe this is a new usage, acceptable in the IT field but perhaps not elsewhere.  --kop 04:15, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Would be good to actually get a description of id, rather than just say it's one of three parts of the personality...?

Swedish
NB this discussion of the Swedish term. — Beobach 05:14, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

RFC discussion: December 2007–December 2010
This may prove to be a tricky rfc... some background first: the first two Swedish senses of this word ("effort" and "work", respectively) was entered by a user who has attracted my attention more than once before, so as I didn't recognize them, I looked them up. Yes, they exist...ed. Sort of. They are described in SAOB - the not-yet-finished Swedish version of OED - as having been mentioned as "föråldrade" (='archaic' or 'obsolete') in a 1807 dictionary - then they continue by claiming that the word was "resurrected" during the 19:th century through literature. I'm fairly confident though that these senses didn't survive far into the 20:th century.

Well, the problem then, is that the definitions given in SAOB seems to me to be a *bit* of a stretch from these presently given in our article, but as said, I'm not familiar enough with the words to know how to define them instead, and neither can I find these senses in other dictionaries I have at hand. Hence this is a call to any other Swedish-speakers to try to come up with better definitions... \Mike 17:24, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

 * NE's dictionary defines it as "träget arbete", i.e. something like "strenuous work", and lists it as archaic. The examples given in SAOB either refers to labourious work or occupation, activity etc. Both definitions are marked as "numera bl. i högre stil l. arkaiserande" ("nowadays only in archaizing or higher style"), and that part of SAOB was printed 1933. I would say that the word in that sense is unknown by a vast majority of the Swedish population, and if it has any place in Wiktionary, it must be clearly noted that it's largely dated and effectively unusable today. The verb "att idas" however exists in some dialects today and I assume that it's related to the word "id", since it means something like "being (physically or mentally) able to undertake a task" (i.e. orka, gita etc). HannesP 19:01, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Seems to have been dealt with. — Beobach 05:09, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:id


text:
gridlock

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A condition of total, interlocking traffic congestion on the streets or highways of a crowded city, in which no one can move because everyone is in someone else's way.
 * 2) On a smaller scale, the situation in which cars enter a signal-controlled intersection too late during the green light cycle, and are unable to clear the intersection (due to congestion in the next block) when the light turns red, thus blocking the cross traffic when it's their turn to go. Repeated at enough intersections, this phenomenon can lead to citywide gridlock.
 * 3)  Any paralysis of a complex system due to severe congestion, conflict, or deadlock.

Translations

 * Arabic: جُمُود
 * Armenian: կուտակականգ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: zablokování
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: liikennesuma
 * French: ,
 * German: Verkehrsinfarkt, Verkehrskollaps
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ग्रिडलॉक
 * Hungarian: óriási dugó, megbénult forgalom
 * Icelandic: sundrung
 * Irish: tranglam tráchta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: 교착 상태
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Persian: راه‌بندان
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: khóa lưới

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, (közlekedési) dugó, , ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: გამოუვალი სიტუაცია, გამოუვალი მდგომარეობა,
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: sáinn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , мёртвая то́чка
 * Spanish: paralización
 * Vietnamese:

Verb

 * 1) To cause traffic congestion.

title: gridlock


text:
geosynchronous

Adjective

 * 1) Refers to the orbit of a satellite whose rate of revolution is matched to the rotation period of the Earth. A special case is the geostationary orbit which is circular and equatorial, so that the satellite appears to be fixed over a particular point on Earth's sky.

Related terms

 * areosynchronous
 * geostationary
 * heliostationary
 * heliosynchronous

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian: geosincrono
 * Russian:
 * Turkish: jeosenkron

title: geosynchronous


text:
ensuing

Adjective

 * 1) Refers to the actions, consequences, and repercussions which result from some prior stimulus or event.

Translations

 * Danish: følgende,, påfølgende
 * Finnish: siitä seuraava, siitä seurannut
 * German:, , darauf folgend
 * Italian:, ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: etterfølgende,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,

title: ensuing