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Talk:tidal wave

Note: conversation was moved to Category talk:English words affected by prescriptivism

tidal wave
Also, why is tidal wave technically incorrect? --Eean 18:56, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Because tsunamis have absolutely nothing to do with tides. A "tidal wave," insofar as it refers to anything, would refer to a wave that occurs as a result of a tide or a change in tide, and would thus be periodic.

 * I've been reading this hyper-correct mumbo-jumbo all over the place lately. We're talking about English, not Lojban. Shall we start "correcting" all words which are not "technically" correct?
 * Saying it's not technically correct needs some backup. After all, modern dictionaries are supposed to be descriptive, not prescriptive.
 * Who decided "tidal wave" is no longer to be used?
 * When was this amendment "passed"?
 * Where are some examples of "tidal wave" being used in its own technically correct seense? (I've definitely never heard it)
 * Since "tsunami" means "harbour wave", why is that so much more logical?
 * How long was "tidal wave" in use before the "Academie Anglaise" replaced it?
 * Is the equally illogical Japanese language suffering under a decree to replace "harbour wave" with some foreign word since tsunami have absolutely nothing to do with harbours?
 * Has the word "tide" always referred to lunar/solar gravitational effects?
 * Surely English-speakers were talking about tides before the gravitational effects were understood.
 * Did "tide" and "tidal" originally describe the fact of water rising and falling at the coastline?
 * If the sense of "tide" and "tidal" did become more scientific, when did this occur apart from in the term "tidal wave"?
 * Show that "tide" and "tidal" are now technical terms referring only to the origin of the change in coastal water level and not in the mere observation of the fact of the change in coastal water level.
 * Okay so it sounds a bit like I'm joking but if we want to be a serious dictionary we need some serious research. This all smacks of being a language maven issue to me.
 * I would also like to know when other languages have adopted the Japanese term, and whether they did it after the English model, or if they all decided harbours are more logically related to this phenomenon than tides are.
 * — Hippietrail 23:22, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You raise some very good points, and this (along with all other wiktionary entries) could benefit from some good research. I've based my input on the fact that I have been told, since middle school, that "tidal wave" is not the correct term for extra-large waves caused by disturbances in the ocean.  Additionally in recent years (beyond the last decade), tsunami is the term for that phenomenon in almost all scientific literature I've encountered and for the most part in journalism as well.  I've been corrected for using tidal wave and I've seen others corrected for it.  Therefore, if my experience is the norm, then it would be misleading for the wiktionary not to contain some note to this effect in our listing of tidal wave and of tidal wave as a synonym of tsunami.  I think it is important for dictionaries to maintain both descriptive and prescriptive interests, but in this case it would serve both interests to note that tsunami is generally preferred over tidal wave, at least if we can agree on that point.
 * Research would be welcome, here as elsewhere, but in its absence I hold that as far as I have seen, tsunami is preferred over tidal wave
 * More on the topic: http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/nation/story/46B2848112360E1C86256F79001B5149?OpenDocument&Headline=You+say+%22tsunami%22+and+I+say+%22tidal+wave%22
 * Additionally, in the realm of speculation, I think that people have a harder time accepting etymologies of erroneous association in the English language when the roots are clear and can provide a misleading understanding of the concept. Tsunami, regardless of its etymology in Japanese, is not likely to confuse English speakers with regard to its meaning.

There is a thread on this topic over at languagehat. Here is a version of a comment I just posted there:
 * As an example of exactly what I'm talking about, http://www.etymonline.com states in its entry for "tidal":
 * 1807, a hybrid formation from tide (q.v.) + Latin-derived suffix -al. A tidal wave (1830) is properly high water caused by movements of the tides; erroneous use for "tsunami, great ocean wave caused by an earthquake, etc." is recorded from 1878.
 * for "tsunami":
 * 1904, from Japanese tsunami, from tsu "harbor" + nami "wave."
 * Wow - us silly English speakers were being erroneous for a whole 26 years before we even had a non-erroneous word in our lexicon! How embarassing for us.
 * I wonder how many more years before "tusnami" was in wide use?
 * From the same source, "tide" is ancient but in reference to ebb & flow it dates back to 1340. I haven't pinned down a date for the gravity/tide discovery yet...
 * — Hippietrail 01:27, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wow - us silly English speakers were being erroneous for a whole 26 years before we even had a non-erroneous word in our lexicon! How embarassing for us.
 * I wonder how many more years before "tusnami" was in wide use?
 * From the same source, "tide" is ancient but in reference to ebb & flow it dates back to 1340. I haven't pinned down a date for the gravity/tide discovery yet...
 * — Hippietrail 01:27, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * From the same source, "tide" is ancient but in reference to ebb & flow it dates back to 1340. I haven't pinned down a date for the gravity/tide discovery yet...
 * — Hippietrail 01:27, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In case this isn't common knowledge, tide is cognate with German Zeit and Dutch tijd, both meaning "time", and I would strongly suspect, with tidings. I would expect that the English sense of tides of the sea is a metaphoric extension and the "time" sense is central. -dmh 05:12, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes it is related to tidings. Yule tide provides a surviving link between the Germanic and English terms and usages. It seems that the original sense behind "tide" pertained to them being cyclical or predictably repeating to some degree. Gravity probably came after that. This wouldn't make the disaster sense of tidal wave any more logical but would affect the argument saying "tidal wave" is wrong because "tide" refers to the effects of the sun and moon's gravity on the seas. — Hippietrail 04:57, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Experts
Well, this academic discussion is all well and good I suppose. The accepted way to handle such situations are to address what "experts" perceive as being correct, as it is currently. However, I've never heard of anyone using definition (1). Does anyone have a source for this? Or was this just someone's idea of what 'tidal wave' should mean? I mean, if I was at a beach I don't see how it would be possible to say "oh, what nice tidal waves today" without sounding wrong. --user:eean 04:54, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Well for starters, there's American Heritage. You can actually find a nice usage of it a third of the way down the wikipedia entry for Tide.  Generally it seems like the term has been overwhelmed by the second sense, but it may be that amongst people that talk about tides professionally, the term has some use in the first sense.  You can also find a nice distinction between tidal wave and tsunami at http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/wavetide/tides.html

 * Asking the experts opinion for the current term would be the right approach for a blog on general issuses. However, we are a serious dictionary and as such we need to cover the history of the terms and shades of meaning. So the fact the today's experts all agree on "tsunami" and the media is now using it isn't enough. We also need to say if the two terms have been interchangable in the past, and it seems they were, even very very recently. — Hippietrail 10:11, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Though apparently no one told MSNBC, if you look at the quotation page. --Eean 06:05, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I like the edited version of the usage note better. -dmh 05:15, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

You could ABSOLUTELY say, "what nice tidal waves today", if observing the strong waves that come in as the water level rises. If watching the gentle, surface waves caused by wind whilst saying this, then you'd be wrong.

Now, you might also be in an inlet, where incoming tidal waves are funneled in such a way as to build up severe pressures. In that case, you could marvel at a tidal bore, OR refer more generically to the tidal waves that (along with geology) cause it. However, you should not mistake the tidal wave as being the same thing as a 20ft earthquake-driven tsunami, but on a smaller scale. 176.26.180.228 21:58, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

On senses
There seem to be several blurred concepts which are referred to by tidal wave / tsunami: — Hippietrail 15:23, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Wave caused by tides.
 * 2) Such a wave coming in to the shore.
 * 3) The bulge in the ocean at the zone under most gravitational pull by the moon & sun.
 * 4) A disaster resulting in coastal devastation from inundation from the ocean.
 * 5) Such a disaster caused by an undersea earthquake.
 * 6) Such a disaster caused by whatever event.
 * 7) A "giant ocean wave" which people discussing the words talk about but which scientific articles state do not occur. The waves are tiny in the ocean but become giant on reaching the coast.
 * 8) A giant wave which hits the coast. Note that in the recent disaster there were many waves. What is each wave called? Technically? Popularly?

 * First, I'm becoming more convinced that the preference for tsunami may be at least partially limited to the recent Indian ocean disaster. The term tsunami provides a recognizable, memorable and reasonably distinct label for the particular event.  I suspect also that American and British speakers may also subconciously prefer tsunami as it's an Asian (albeit Japanese) word and the disaster is also Asian (albeit not Japanese).  It would be interesting to see whether American and Australian/New Zealand media differ in their preference for tsunami or tidal wave.  I would expect the antipodes to be better aware that Japan was far from the action and thus perhaps not be influenced by this factor.

 * As to senses, I doubt that tidal wave would be used to describe a tidal bulge coming to shore. I believe that's just called the tides.  Also, I would think that from a non-scientific point of view, "giant ocean wave" would mean "giant wave from the ocean," not "giant wave in the ocean."  Sailors in the Southern Ocean often encounter huge waves, but don't call them "tidal waves".  To an oceanographer, tsunami/tidal wave may refer to the entire disturbance in the ocean, even though it creates little if any visible effect until it reaches shore.  The layman on the beach just sees a giant wave, and may or may not imagine the same wave traveling across the ocean at full height.  Surfers, at least, would probably know better.

 * I also think that tsunami in popular usage implies a seismic cause. I'm not sure what it may mean scientifically.  Hmm . . . let's find out.  Here's a typical page on "what is a tsunami".  It defines a tsunami as a series of waves with a long wavelength and period (time between crests). and states that  Tsunamis are generated by any large, impulsive displacement of the sea level. and that Earthquakes generate tsunamis by vertical movement of the sea floor. and that Tsunamis are also triggered by landslides into or under the water surface, and can be generated by volcanic activity and meteorite impacts.  This is from the NOAA West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center.

 * The site further states that Tsunamis range in size from inches to over a hundred feet, that Tsunamis are often incorrectly called tidal waves; they have no relation to the daily ocean tides. but also that Normally, a tsunami appears as a rapidly advancing or receding tide. and finally that tsunamis act differently from wind-generated waves in that they have longer wavelengths and that Wind-generated waves break as they shoal and lose energy offshore. Tsunamis act more like a flooding wave.  A twenty foot tsunami is a twenty foot rise in sea level.

 * This all accords with what I've heard elsewhere, both recently and in the dim past, about the technical meaning of tsunami, and I'm sure that other scientific organizations echo most if not all of this.

 * So the senses I see for tsunami are:

 * The scientific sense of long wavelength ocean wave of whatever origin
 * The popular sense of a large, destrutive wave from the ocean
 * The narrower popular sense of a large, destrutive wave from the ocean, triggered by an underwater earthquake or landslide (a hypercorrect usage)
 * The metonymic extension of a natural disaster brought on by a tsunami

 * and the senses for tidal wave would be

 * The technical sense of a tidal crest, in the ocean (and not its arrival on shore). Technically, this would probably not also be a tsunami (long wavelength ocean wave), as it is a single crest and would not have a well-defined wavelength, but we should research that.
 * The popular sense of a large, destructive wave from the ocean
 * Perhaps a similar sense of a large destructive wave from the ocean that looks like a rapid tide.
 * Perhaps a refined popular sense of a large destructive wave from the ocean caused by an undersea earthquake or landslide.
 * The metonymic extension of a natural disaster brought on by such a wave
 * The usual metaphor as in tidal wave of emotion.

 * We would have to find attestation for the two perhaps items above, but I would expect that they are there to be found. -dmh 17:49, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I don't think that people ever refer to the disaster brought about by a tsunami as a tsunami. In that case they refer to it as a disaster brought about by a tsunami or a tsunami crisis or something similar. Can you find any examples to support that sense of the word? Also, why is the narrower sense of tsunami hypercorrect? I think it merely stems from the fact that we've come to understand that the only things that can generally cause tsunamis are earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, meteors, and really small ones (the kind that can knock down a beach house instead of wiping out small towns or more) can be cause by hurricanes.

 * We refer to "tsunami relief" synonymously with "tsunami disaster relief". We refer to people killed by the tsunami even if they survived the actual wave but later died of other causes.  The news reports I've been scanning are often careful to say "tsunami disaster", but this sort of extension to the looser sense of "the wave and its aftereffects" is entirely ordinary.
 * It will be tricky to track down attestation, but there is pretty clearly a notion that the prototypical tsunami is caused by an earthquake or landslide, even though the working definition used by NOAA, USGS et. al. specifically don't observe that limitation. The smoking gun would be someone claiming that, say, a wave caused by a meteor would not be a tsunami.  On the other hand, I'm pretty sure that hurricane-driven waves and surges are not considered tsunamis in the technical community. -dmh 19:18, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 *  (1) I will happily concede this point. Though I would like to clarify that we certainly can't get away with using tsunami to mean tsunami disaster in all cases--only in cases where it works as effective shorthand.  It would be odd to say that people seeking refuge from a natural disaster brought about by a tsunami are seeking refuge from a tsunami.
 * (2) I would be amazed to find a statement to the effect that waves from a meteor in the ocean (or a volcano) do not qualify as tsunamis. I believe that the definition of a tsunami as being caused by earthquakes or landslides is only because the people defining it didn't think to include meteors.
 * As for hurricane-based waves, I believe that the technical distinction between those and earthquake-based tsunamis is jargon. It is similar with velocity.  To physicists a car that is driving 60mph, but then turns has changed velocity, even if it is going 60mph.  Outside of the realm of physics jargon, it has not.  People who study waves see the need to make the distinction, because there is a tremendous technical difference (I suppose--I don't actually know anything about it) between the two types of waves; but the need to make that distinction is limited to that field of study.

Fluctuation of contentiousness
I know this might seem a bit silly at the moment, but it might not be worth putting a lot of effort into defining the debate around this term right now (other than entertainment value, of course). This term, along with tsunami have not seen all that much use until about two weeks ago, and the sudden change in the public usage and awareness of both terms will probably have quite an effect on how the terms are viewed in the future. As a result, people working on this definition a year from now will be much more qualified to write about the debate on the "correctness" and "acceptibility" of the term.

In what ways is the debate being altered? Well, there's the fact that the term tsunami is probably now universally known in the U.S. where it was not before. There's the fact that probably all over the place in newsrooms and editing meetings, people are arguing about whether tidal wave is incorrect, or whether people know what a tsunami is, or which term should be used in their headlines, and which term should be dominant in their writing etc. At the moment, it seems like tsunami is winning the fight for dominance in the mass media, which may be the first time in the English language that that has happened, and it will doubtlessly have an effect on people's usage of it in blogs, novels, etc. We are also seeing an increased usage of tsunami as a metaphor, which may become mainstream at some point. On the other hand, it could be that all of the media people have decided that tidal wave is in fact fine, and that people were just sort of assuming that it is the wrong word. All of these things are being worked out, and as a result, you can be sure that whatever we write now is sure to be inaccurate in a year (in what way, I cannot say).

defining the term
Let's reserve this section for defending our edits to the Tidal wave page

 * 1) I broke out tidal wave as in "crest of water" (Slocum's usage) from the "tsunami" sense, since he is making a clear reference to "ordinary" tidal waves that occur because of the moon. I labelled this usage as archaic, because I haven't seen any recent references to it (we can drop that if anyone can find a recent quotation), and it's hard to imagine using it now without confusing someone.
 * 2) I broke out the sense of tidal wave as in tsunami, because it really is distinct from tidal wave in the sense of a large and sudden rise and/or fall in the tide. Perhaps this is wronge (because I can't really think of a use of the latter as opposed to the former), in which case I advocate supplanting the definition with the subdefinition.
 * 3) I listed the use of tsunami as being often considered incorrect. I don't think this point is really disputed, but because the issue is much more complicated, I included a reference to the usage note just below.
 * 4) I took a stab at the usage note, which needs expansion and revision. People should come away from this with a clear expectation of (a) what to expect when using this term or tsunami and (b) what the history behind the relationship between these two terms are.  I've based what I've written on dmh's rough and preliminary research (by far the most thorough thing we have right now) and on my own totally unscientific observations.  Essentially this is a placeholder for a fuller explanation of the usage of tidal wave and its connotations, to be filled out by further research and quotations.  I've tried to plant seeds for points of departure for research into the matter.

The reason people correct tidal wave to tsunami
From the article:

While there is nothing that is strictly speaking ‘incorrect’ with regard to this usage of tidal wave, many people believe that the term should simply not be linked with the term tide at all, to avoid the possibility of any confusion as to the cause of a tidal wave.

Is the "many people believe [...]" part really correct? Do people seriously believe that if you call tsunami a tidal wave, then you or others think that it's caused by the Moon (or even less plausibly, the Sun), and that this won't happen with the term tsunami? I find this analysis of the reasons for correcting the term very hard to believe. Isn't the real reason just that many perceive "tidal wave" to be incorrect but not really confusing? -- Coffee2theorems 18:52, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * In the U.S., I have not encountered the notion that tidal wave might be related to tides, and I’ve never heard that tidal wave was in any way incorrect. This must be a Commonwealth phenomenon, or else something too recent for me to have heard of it. —Stephen 14:04, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Discussion from Citations_talk:tidal wave
Whats the justifaction for making this a seperate page? It would seem to be againist policy. And I don't see any reason to not just have it in the definition itself. --Eean 19:25, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I made a comment on Wiktionary_talk:Quotations enumerating some reasons why I thought this would be a good idea. In the absence of a good reason not to (it's easy enough to undo), I thought I'd go ahead and implement it in a couple of places to show what it would look like.
 * Basically, I felt that it would encourage people to add quotations without fear of cluttering up the entry page (people certainly have not been very forthcoming with quotations), because I think a good supply of quotations are healthy for an entry, but would most likely not be met with pleasure on the main page (where I think example sentences are much more appropriate). Additionally it makes it friendlier to be a little bit more verbose with the context and the citation, both of which I think would be good things.
 * Beyond that, I'm secretly hoping that it will meet with some success so that I can suggest the idea of a Translations: subpage, because I think the translation tables tend to clutter the main entry, and people are generally being extremely concise with their translations, even though translations (barring cognates) really need explanations as well as a list of appropriate translations with their differences in tone/connotation explicated. But that's a little too forward-looking for now.

 * This seems like an interesting idea to me. IMHO, quotations are mostly background material, and need only be emphasized for rare or controversial terms.  One of the advantages of hypermedia is that you don't have to put everything on one page.  Going ahead and trying Quotations: this way seems like a legitimate example of "be bold".  Let's try it for a while and see if a consensus emerges.

 * As to "tidal wave" itself, I believe that the literal definition (wave caused by tides) is legitimate, as suported by the quotes given, but the common definition seems to be "any large wave, including tsunamis". -dmh 21:21, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm all for quotations, even for really obvious words. Like the OED. However I think they should be on the main page. Wiktionary should implement collapsible headers (it would all be the same page, but a person could unhide/hide a section by clicking on the header title), so people won't be shy about adding quotes. Having two pages just increases the difficulty to maintain the defintions IMO. --Eean 05:31, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I added a bug report for the collapsible headers I was talking about. Also I replaced of the numbered definitions, definition numbers may change so its bad form to refer to them that way. --Eean 06:01, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm all in favor of collapsible headers (provided they are not javascript), but in their absense, I think it makes sense to have the quotations on a separate page. If collapsible headers are introduced to the project at some point, it shouldn't be too difficult to programmatically merge the quotations pages into the main pages, particularly if they are well-formed.  With the existence of example sentences, quotations aren't really necessary as a primary definition resource; rather they are useful for people doing research, as well as to give a more thorough understanding of a word where the rest of the entry has failed.  And, of course, without collapsible headers, people will be wary to add quotations to the main page.  Even with collapsible headers, many people will probably just be overwhelmed by the complexity of the edit pages.  I think a separate page for quotations and another one for translations would go a long way towards simplifying the appearance of the entries, and they could be integrated onto the definitions by means of a tab or something similar.</Jun-Dai>
 * Of course it would be Javascript, how else. They're already using JavaScript for the Table of Contents show/hide. As far as confusing the edit page, thats why you can edit subsections. I mean, even with quotations the pages wouldn't be that long compared to many Wikipedia articles. --Eean 20:15, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * <Jun-Dai 21:04, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)>If you take an entry like 駅, fill it out, and have an average of 4 quotations per definition, I think you'll find that we'll have exceeded most Wikipedia articles in scroll length if not content length. If you take a word like turn, fill that out, and add 2-10 quotations per sense of the word, you will have added tremendous bulk to the page that is only of interest (though of pretty significant interest) to a select number of people.  A whole separate page, however, will offer a resource to people that are interested in it, without adding any clutter to people who are not (most, I would think).</Jun-Dai>

I believe Joshua Slocum is referring to a tidal wave driven by the wind, and not, or at least not exclusively, by the influence of the moon. Here's a bit more context:

 * Currents on this coast are greatly affected by the prevailing winds, and a tidal wave higher than that ordinarily produced by the moon is sent up the whole shore of Uruguay before a southwest gale, or lowered by a northeaster, as may happen. One of these waves having just receded before the northeast wind which brought [Slocum's sloop] the Spray in left the tide now at low ebb, with oyster-rocks laid bare for some distance along the shore.

It's not completely clear, but as far as I can tell he's saying that, thanks to the wind, the ocean level was lower than it would have been on a windless day at low tide. It's not clear whether the low water level was caused by the wind alone, or by the wind and moon together. In any case, it appears that tide itself refers to the level of the water, and tidal wave most likely to the ebbs and flows of this level, quite possibly regardless of their cause.

In any case, Slocum is clearly referring to a local phenomenon (an ebbing of the water at the short) and not to a macro-scale crest traveling the ocean. -dmh 20:09, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

<Jun-Dai 20:18, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)> Yeah, in my comment in the history, I think I mentioned some trouble over the categorization. See, he's referring to a phenomenon that is beyond the power of tides, but he's also giving the strong implication that "normal" tidal waves are those produced by the moon. Basically, he's using it synonymously with wave, which is probably the original usage of the term that people probably enjoyed using when they came to recognize that waves and tides were related phenomena (pure speculation on my part). Thus he's not referring to "tidal waves" as being due to extra-tidal forces, but only the particular "tidal waves" that are affected by the winds. But I should have provided the larger context on the quotation page.</Jun-Dai>

 * I'm becoming more and more convinced, particularly after looking at older usages of tide, that tide refers to the ebb and flow of the ocean level at the shore, regardless of the cause. For example, a storm tide can occur at any time, regardless of the position of the moon, even in places in which the moon produces negligible tides.  Thus tidal would mean "having to do with tides" in general, and not specifically to lunar tides.  The much-derided use of tidal wave makes perfect sense in this context, as do the less-controversial storm tide, hurricane tide, tidal flood (to be abated regardless of its origins) etc.

 * It would be interesting to look at "Account of an irregular tide in the river of Forth.", published in 1750 (see here for more bibliographical detail). A truly irregular tide is an oxymoron in the "all tides are lunar" view.

 * The technical terms tidal force and tidal accelleration clearly have their origins in explaining the regular tides produced by the influence of the moon (and to a lesser extent by the sun), but are understood to refer to the effects of a gravitational gradient. Thus the tidal forces produced by a black hole can cause spaghettification.  Tidal wave may well have started life as part of this cluster.  As mentioned elsewhere, tt does not seem to occur before the early 1800's.

 * This is all well and good, but these are derived terms, however well-defined and scientifically blessed they may be. Again, claiming that the derived term tidal wave is incorrect because it does not accord with its siblings tidal force and tidal acceleration is specious.

 * Another point to make here is that tide and tsunami are local phenomena in their original senses. Tidal wave may or may not have been localized in its originally coined sense, but if not, it soon came to be used in such a sense.  Even today, we see reports in the news media of "the tsunamis", referring to the tidal surges as experienced in separate locations.  The identification of tidal wave and tsunami again makes more sense in this context.  If the water is lapping up on your front porch, do you care if it was driven by the moon, an earthquake, the wind or whatever?  It's only when studying the phenomena globally that the distinction becomes prominent.

 * Finally, one document I ran across, which decries tidal wave as "egregious" and even tsunami as "incorrect" prefers seismic sea wave, which we should probably define. On the other hand, the author of these pronouncements also seems to think that phenomena is singular ... -dmh 20:54, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

British National Corpus
I'm not sure what searching operations are available on this corpus but it makes sense to search for all possible forms, including "tidal waves", "tidal wave's"; "tidal-wave" (etc); and possibly even "tidalwave" (etc). Otherwise a few examples may have been missed. — Hippietrail 11:04, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

XKCD
XKCD 1010 on the phrase tidal wave.--Prosfilaes (talk) 01:17, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

RFC discussion: January 2007–November 2010
Needs to be trimmed, consolidated, and examined for POV. -dmh 17:40, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Cleaned. — Beobach 07:43, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

RFC discussion: May 2006–January 2007
Connel has rfc'd this asking whether it should be instead on tidal wave/Citations.

There's a bit of a story. At the time there was some arguing over whether it was POV or prescriptionist to say that tidal wave was wrong and tusnami was right. Another user and I had similar but different ideas in investigating the history of usage and development of the senses of these terms. I wanted to list just citations in historical order so they could be examined by article editors for them to decide what different senses were being used.

The other user wanted to analyze the citations they found and organize them into different senses. At the time I suggested that if people wanted to analyse them that it might go under tidal wave/Analysis as a 2nd but separate step after simply collecting the citations. The user instead came up with the current article title, moving it from a previous location. But whereas there are now a growing list of unanalysed Citations pages, this is as far as I know the only Analysis/Quotations page ever made.

It's an interesting page and I wouldn't like to see it deleted, but it's not the same as a Citations page, which are intended not to judge or classify their citations, so the articles should not be merged. What to do with this article I do not know however. — Hippietrail 17:09, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * What really needs to be cleaned up is this whole subpage mess. What purpose do citations have if they are never to be attributed to any sense of the word? Davilla 19:01, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Nowhere do I say the citations are never to attributed to any sense of the word. Each editor who chooses to place one on the main page must attribute it to a sense. But such do not belong on the citation pages. Indeed not every usage of a term is even unambiguous. One example is Joyce's use of cankle. The citations pages are not and should not be prescriptive. They are a resource of usages of a term over history with grammatical categories just as absent as they were in the contexts of their original publication. — Hippietrail 00:13, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Right. So why aren't they on the page itself? That's what I mean about the subpage mess. What's the purpose of subpages? Example can be altered, and definitions can be split, merged, and shifted around, but I don't know why anyone would delete a perfectly good quotation. So why aren't they on the page itself? Davilla 19:26, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Because there are so many of them. Only illustrative examples or early examples are generally wanted to th page itself. See how much raw material there is for Tidal wave/Citations, pyramid/Citations and tsunami/Citations. That amount of citations is useful for editors but very distracting for people looking up words. — Hippietrail 21:03, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, I disagree. It is important that citations are matched with senses, especially for words with lots of them. In cases where differences are slight – a transitive use compared to an intransitive for example – it is much easier to get a feel for how these are being used when they are organised into sections.  Sure, not every use is unambiguous, but that can be acknowledged when necessary.  The reason citations are so important is that, when reading the definition of a word, a user thinks ‘I never knew it could be used like that before – I'd like to see some example sentences.’  They shouldn't have to scan through hundreds of quotes looking for the ones they're interested in.  Yes, the resource as a whole presents the term's usage over history, but it is our job to sort through that primary evidence and present it in a form which has some structure.  I'd also note that this is the method followed by the OED and other ‘citation’ dictionaries.  Widsith 08:00, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Only editors who are capable of deciding which sense/POS is used etc each raw cite should really be selecting them for the article page. Once on the article page they mast be classified. If somebody wrongly classifies them on the cite page that will mislead people not used to grammar, people used to English grammar can make up their own mind. Users don't need to scan through hundreds of cites. Editors looking for one or two good cites to put on the article page are merely given a helping hand. — Hippietrail 21:03, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think we have to assume editors here are capable (working together in the usual wiki way) of such discrimination, otherwise what are we all doing here? Widsith 07:59, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I had no idea I was opening a can of worms. It just seemed like a better place for them, particularly since the /Citations sub-pages seem to be getting a degree of community support these days.
 * I view these sub-pages as a neat mechanism for automated content addition - such as from Project Gutenberg, or the likes. There are numerous reasons why people here object to automatically adding such content directly to an entry.
 * If Widsith or someone else wishes to further organize them - hey, knock yourselves out. When Wiktionary is in a fairly "complete" state, that may seem like a more productive endeavor than it does now.  At this point in time, it does not seem to be worth the effort of wading through the citations unless the term is particularly interesting, or if there is a specific need for a specific sense.
 * --Connel MacKenzie T C 04:43, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I seem to have missed the conclusion of this. Quotations go on the entry itself in the ===Quotations=== section, while citations go on the /Citations sub-page, right?  --Connel MacKenzie 16:14, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Anyone involved in creating the original mess care to step forward and clean it up? --Connel MacKenzie 22:26, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:tidal wave


text:
stultify

Etymology
From,. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To cause to appear foolish.
 * 2)  To deprive of strength or efficacy; to stupefy, make useless or worthless.
 * 3)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To deprive of strength or efficacy; to stupefy, make useless or worthless.
 * 2)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.
 * 1)  To prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * German:, , lächerlich machen
 * Italian: ridicolizzare, ,
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: tylsistää
 * Italian: ,

 * Bulgarian: признавам за невменяем
 * Italian:, ,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: stultify


text:
CV

Noun

 * : A virus of the genus
 * : A virus of the genus

Etymology
Abbreviation
 * From, from

Noun

 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles
 * , a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles

Derived terms

 * CVA
 * CVD
 * CVE
 * CVL
 * CVN
 * ACV

Translations

 * Afrikaans: CV
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Greek: ΒΣ
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Spanish: cv
 * Swedish:

 * French:

Proper noun

 * 1)  a city in San Diego county, immediately inland from Del Mar.

Noun

 * 1) resumé, curriculum vitae

Usage notes
This is not restricted to academia, but used in all venues of employment.

Noun

 * 1) curriculum vitae

Noun

 * , central heating

Noun

 * 1) curriculum vitae, resumé

Noun

 * : in sense of tax horsepower only (other horsepowers abbreviate to ch).
 * : in sense of tax horsepower only (other horsepowers abbreviate to ch).

Etymology
Initialism of.

Usage notes

 * Prior to a 2019 revision, this initialism was also considered grammatically neuter. The forms  and   were then made obsolete.

Usage notes

 * Prior to a 2019 revision, this initialism was also considered grammatically neuter. The forms, CV , and   were then made obsolete.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) curriculum vitae,

Proper noun

 * 1)  a county in Romania.

Etymology
See.

Noun

 * 1) curriculum vitae

title: CV


text:
fugue

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from ; compare 🇨🇬. Apparently from the metaphor that the first part starts alone on its course, and is pursued by later parts.

Noun

 * 1)  A contrapuntal piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices, each voice introduced in turn by playing the melody.
 * 2) Anything in literature, poetry, film, painting, etc., that resembles a fugue in structure or in its elaborate complexity and formality.
 * 3)  A fugue state.
 * 1)  A fugue state.

Translations

 * Arabic: فُوغَا, فُوغَا
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: fuqa
 * Belarusian: фуга
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: fuga
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fugo
 * Estonian: fuuga
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: fughe
 * Georgian: ფუგა
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: fúga
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 遁走曲, フーガ
 * Korean: 푸가
 * Latin: contrāpunctus
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: fuga
 * Occitan: fuga
 * Persian: فوگ
 * Piedmontese:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: fúga
 * Slovene: fuga
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: tẩu pháp
 * Walloon:

 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Russian:
 * Slovene: fuga

Verb

 * 1) To improvise, in singing, by introducing vocal ornamentation to fill gaps etc.
 * 2)  To spend time in a dissociative fugue state.

Noun

 * 1)  a fugue state

Etymology 1
Inflected forms of fuguer.

Etymology 2
..

Noun

 * 1)  running away (from a place where one was staying)

Synonyms

 * : flight, fleeing

title: fugue


text:
traino

Noun

 * 1)  A train station.

Noun

 * 1) train

Noun

 * 1) drawing or pulling (a load)
 * 2) towing
 * 3) a load that is being pulled

title: traino


text:
bottle-o

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A bottle shop.
 * 2)  A door-to-door trader in used bottles.
 * , Henry Lawson, 1984, Leonard Cronin (editor), A Fantasy of Man: Henry Lawson Complete Works, 1901-1922, Part 2, |%22bottle-os%22+-intitle:%22bottle-o|bottle-os%22+-inauthor:%22%22&dq=%22bottle-o%22|%22bottle-os%22+-intitle:%22bottle-o|bottle-os%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WgkDT7DGIuPYmAWQt8XUBg&redir_esc=y page 546,
 * Time was when my old friend, Benno the bottle-o, drew his turn-out into the shade of the big old fig-trees under the church at the top of the hill, and went back and thrashed the most notoriously brutal driver well and good.
 * Time was when my old friend, Benno the bottle-o, drew his turn-out into the shade of the big old fig-trees under the church at the top of the hill, and went back and thrashed the most notoriously brutal driver well and good.

title: bottle-o


text:
paradiddle

Etymology
Imitative. May be related to [Attic] Greek, 1) to give into the hands (of another) 2) to give over into (one's) power or use 2a) to deliver to one something to keep, use, take care of, manage

Noun

 * 1)  A percussive exercise (one of 26 drum rudiments per the  or one of 40 per the ) which involves playing four even strokes in the order ‘right left right right’ or ‘left right left left.’

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Paradiddle

Verb

 * 1) To produce percussive sounds of this kind.

title: paradiddle


text:
grade

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from ,. .

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A rating.
 * 2)  Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.
 * 3) A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
 * 4)  Degree (any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb).
 * 5) A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage
 * 6)  A level of primary and secondary education.
 * 7)  A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).
 * 8) An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
 * 9) The level of the ground.
 * 10)  A gradian.
 * 11)  In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
 * 12) A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
 * 13)  A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
 * 14)  The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
 * 15)  An eyeglass prescription.
 * 1)  A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).
 * 2) An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
 * 3) The level of the ground.
 * 4)  A gradian.
 * 5)  In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
 * 6) A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
 * 7)  A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
 * 8)  The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
 * 9)  An eyeglass prescription.
 * 1)  A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
 * 2)  The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
 * 3)  An eyeglass prescription.

Synonyms

 * group

Translations

 * Arabic: دَرَجَة
 * South Levantine: درجة
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: hinne
 * Finnish:, ;
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: atzīme
 * Malay: gred
 * Maori: kerēti
 * Plautdietsch: Grod
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: halgambilang
 * Ukrainian:

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: دَرَجَة
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian:, адзна́ка, бал
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 成績
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian: hinne
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, ग्रेड
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: einkunn
 * Inari Sami: árvusääni
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: баға
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latvian: atzīme
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: оценка
 * Northern Sami: árvosátni
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: karakter
 * Pashto: نومره
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: о̏цена, о̏цјена
 * Roman: ,
 * Skolt Sami: ärvvsääʹnn
 * Slovak: známka
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: halgambilang
 * Tajik: баҳо
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:, відмі́тка,
 * Uyghur: نەتىجە
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Afrikaans:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian:, ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃
 * Hungarian:, , , , ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Ottoman Turkish: مرتبه, پایه
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Slovak: stupeň
 * Ukrainian: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: grado di pendenza,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: desnível
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: دَرَجَة
 * Egyptian Arabic: ابتدائى
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: клас
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 年級,, 班
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: კლასი
 * German:
 * Hindi:, ग्रेड
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese:, , ,
 * Kazakh: класс, сынып
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:, , ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຊັ້ນ
 * Latvian: klase
 * Louisiana Creole French: liv
 * Macedonian: класа
 * Malay: darjah,, tingkatan
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: trinn
 * Pashto:
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кла̀са
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: trieda
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: grado
 * Swahili: kidato, gredi
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tatar:
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: synp
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: دَرْجَہ
 * Uyghur: سىنىپ
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 年級學生
 * Finnish: -luokkalainen
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian: -кла́ссник, -кла́ссница
 * Ukrainian: -кла́сник, -кла́сниця

 * Finnish:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish: parafyleettinen ryhmä

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

Verb

 * 1)  To assign scores to the components of an academic test, or to overall academic performance.
 * 2) To organize in grades.
 * 3) To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface, especially with a grader.
 * to grade land before building on it
 * 1)  To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
 * 2)  To increase or decrease the dimensions of a garment pattern from the initial base size in such a way that the overall proportions of the silhouette are maintained across all sizes.
 * 3) To apply classifying labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).
 * 4)  To describe, modify or inflect so as to classify as to degree.
 * 5)  To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
 * 6)  To pass from one school grade into the next.
 * 1)  To describe, modify or inflect so as to classify as to degree.
 * 2)  To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
 * 3)  To pass from one school grade into the next.
 * 1)  To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
 * 2)  To pass from one school grade into the next.
 * 1)  To pass from one school grade into the next.
 * 1)  To pass from one school grade into the next.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Portuguese: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Portuguese:

 * Finnish: ,
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Maori: māhiti, māwhiti

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Finnish:

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) gradually

Etymology
. Compare. .

Noun

 * 1) rank
 * 2)  gradian
 * 1)  gradian

Etymology 1
13th century. From (13th century, ), from.

Noun

 * 1)  cage
 * 2) grate metal grille
 * 3) harrow device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil
 * 4) any similarly formed frame or structure
 * 5) Ursa Major
 * 1) Ursa Major
 * 1) Ursa Major
 * 1) Ursa Major

Etymology
.

Etymology 1
From, from , possibly from a.

Noun

 * 1) grate metal grille
 * 2) a light fence
 * 3) harrow device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil
 * 4) grid

title: grade


text:
megrim

Etymology 1
, semi-learned borrowing from, from , from +  (whence also 🇨🇬). .

Noun

 * 1)  A headache; a migraine.
 * 2)  A fancy, a whim, a caprice.

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) A type of flatfish of the genus  native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean; specifically, the, sail-fluke, witch or whiff.

Synonyms

 * Cornish sole, sail-fluke, whiff, white sole, witch

Translations

 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Latin: patarača

 * Bulgarian: мегрим
 * Catalan:
 * Faroese: glaskvoysa
 * Finnish: lasikampela
 * French: cardine franche
 * Galician: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian: мегрим
 * Serbo-Croatian: patarača oštronoska
 * Spanish:, gallo del norte

title: megrim


text:
hydrargyrum

Alternative forms

 * hydrargyron
 * hydrargyrum
 * hydrargire, hydrargirie, hydrargyre
 * hydrarg.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Mercury chemical element

Translations

 * Esperanto:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Latin:
 * Portuguese: hidrargírio
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: гидра́ргирум
 * Spanish: hidrargiro,
 * Ukrainian: гідра́ргірум, гідра́рґірум

Etymology 1
A regularly inflected form of.

Etymology 2
An alteration of the Classical 🇨🇬, by analogy with the names of other metals, such as and.

title: hydrargyrum


text:
Talk:awesome

The word Awesome is Early Modern English, created in 1598, hence should be listed in Etymology.--User:James102 02:09, 22 Jun 2009 (UTC)

I've never heard the terror meaning of awesome before. Is that a real meaning of the word? That is the opposite of what the word commonly means here in the USA. --Connel MacKenzie 22:42, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It is exactly the original meaning. This is yet another musty Webster 1913 entry.  I'll fix it. -dmh 05:34, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I've updated it a bit, but I'm not quite sure how to mark the older senses. Note that terrific has gone through much the same change, and fantastic has gone through a similar change.  For that matter, awfully as a generic intensifier (that was awfully good) is probably relatively recent. -dmh 05:42, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. --Connel MacKenzie 06:50, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Getting in late on this discussion but the term awesome can mean terrifying as in "No one who was in Indonesia during the tidal wave will forget its awesome power as it swept ashore."--Epolk 17:08, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Should awe-inspiring really get an entry? It's not really a word, since it's normal to hyphenate two words in that manner to construct a hyphenated word-phrase. Nor is it really an idiom in any sense, since it is simply a straightforward two-word phrase meaning exactly what you would expect it to (i.e., it is not greater than the sum of its parts): something that inspires awe. I'm not so much specifically opposed to including it as I am about the idea that we should include any phrase that sees some use, even if it is simply the sum of its parts.
 * But it does seem to be a common idiom...or at least a cliché. --Connel MacKenzie 08:25, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It feels more like a set phrase than a cliché to me, short of idiomatic, but still definitely dictionary material. — Hippietrail 14:24, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Hippietrail (and myself :-) here on awe-inspiring. There is now a fairly long list of categories which could potentially flood Wiktionary but in fact don't, including Pig-Latin, L33T, foreign borrowings, made-up words from published books and even regular inflections of words.  The main filter for these is attestation.  If a term isn't used in running text, then we tend to leave it out, even if it's a plausible construction.  Idiomicity also plays a role.  There's not much need for regular inflections like, say sings, but blues definitely gets an entry.

 * In the case of awe-inspiring, I think set phrase or stock phrase is a very good term. The term awe-inspiring occurs much more frequently than one would predict a priori.  For example,

 * awe gets about 4.5 million google hits
 * fear gets about 43 million google hits
 * awe-inspiring gets about 800,000 google hits
 * fear-inspiring gets about 10,000 google hits

 * So for whatever reason, awe-inspiring tends to get used far more than one would expect. It's a listeme and probably deserves an entry.

 * Hmm . . . maybe the meta-critreon for attestation is "attestation beyond chance." By that criterion, a made-up word with no google hits is indistinguishable from any other pronounceable string of letters (and in fact may be less common, since such strings occur as random misspellings), while sings with 5 million hits is probably no more common than one would expect.  But obviously meaning has to play in here somehwere . . . -dmh 15:50, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree with dmh above – awful can mean both "inducing fear or terror", "appalling" and "terrible", from which the sense "very bad" is easily derived, and "awe-inspiring", "respect-inducing" and "impressive", from which the intensive meaning "exceedingly great" is just as easily derived. It's really not a significantly different development than in the case of "awesome" (and "terrific"), and the recency illusion makes me suspect that the intensive meaning of "awful" as in "an awful amount" is a lot older than dmh thinks, even though I don't have attestations at hand. Certainly, "an awful bonnet", meant positively, sounds awfully (heh) dated to me, and I think it is understood as pejorative by almost all native speakers now. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 02:53, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Today's Term
Today's meaning of the word "Awesome" is used by many people, but mostly Teen's and Young Adults. People use it on a daily basis, meaning "Cool" or "Wicked" (if anybody else has a meaning or anything to say, please add onto this article)

title: Talk:awesome


text:
grass widow

Etymology
The word appears in the Germanic languages in different forms and senses, but the oldest (both 16th century) are and 🇨🇬, both meaning “girl who has lost her virginity, harlot”. Therefore “grass” in all likelihood refers to a bedding for premarital sex. Compare the expression. The girl became a “widow” in the sense that she was neither married nor a virgin. The sense then developed through “married woman who has relations in her husband’s absence” to the contemporary, softened meaning. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A married woman whose spouse is away.
 * , translated by Marian Magid and Elizabeth Pollet Collected stories : Gimpel the fool to The letter writer: Gimpel the fool & other stories, The Spinoza of Market Street, Short Friday & other stories, The séance & other stories, "Yentl the Yeshiva Boy", New York : Library of America : Distributed in the United States by Penguin Putnam, p. 461:
 * And who ever heard of a demon sending his wife a divorce? When a demon marries a daughter of mortals,he usually lets her remain a grass widow.
 * 1)  An unmarried woman who has had premarital sexual relations; a former mistress.
 * 1)  An unmarried woman who has had premarital sexual relations; a former mistress.
 * 1)  An unmarried woman who has had premarital sexual relations; a former mistress.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: groene weduwe, onbestorven weduwe
 * Faroese: graseinkja
 * Finnish: vihreä leski
 * German:, grüne Witwe
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Kazakh: уақытша күйеусіз тұрған әйел
 * Lithuanian: gyvanašlė
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gressenke
 * Nynorsk: grasenke, grasenkje
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: esposa separada temporalmente
 * Swedish:

title: grass widow


text:
bloke

Etymology
en; the following borrowings have been hypothesized:

 * From a modern Celtic language, such as or, themselves borrowings from
 * From  /  or.

Noun

 * 1)  An exemplar of a certain masculine, independent male archetype.
 * 2)  A man who behaves in a particularly laddish or overtly heterosexual manner.
 * 3)  A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street.
 * 4)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 5)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street.
 * 2)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 3)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street.
 * 2)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 3)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street.
 * 2)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 3)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  (A lower deck term for) the captain or executive officer of a warship, especially one regarded as tough on discipline and punishment.
 * 2)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.
 * 1)  An anglophone (English-speaking) man.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: kêrel
 * Arabic:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:, , ,
 * German:
 * Ido:
 * Macedonian:, тип
 * Maori: autaia
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Welsh: bachan, boi

 * Spanish:, , machito

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) block

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from , from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a block; a substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) block; solid piece
 * 2) city block
 * 3) faction; bloc; group
 * 1) faction; bloc; group

Etymology
, past participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) blocked

title: bloke


text:
rum

Etymology 1
In common use since by at least 1654, of uncertain origin. Theories include:
 * that it derives from, or from the last syllable of (given the harsh taste of earlier rum, the first theory is now considered unlikely),
 * that it is a shortening of or, or
 * that it is from a word for "strong, potent" which is (perhaps) the source of  and  (but these drinks were not originally made with rum)
 * that it derives from, from

Noun

 * 1)  A distilled spirit derived from fermented cane sugar and molasses.
 * The Royal Navy used to issue a rum ration to sailors.
 * 1)  A serving of rum.
 * Jake tossed down three rums.
 * 1)  A kind or brand of rum.
 *  is one of my favourite rums.
 * 1)  A strange person or thing.
 * 2)  A country parson.
 * 1)  A country parson.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:strange person
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:anomaly
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:anomaly

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: رَم
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: rom
 * Belarusian: ром
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 冧酒
 * Mandarin:, , 朗姆酒
 * Cornish: romm
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: rumm
 * Faroese: romm
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: romm
 * Irish: rum
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: ром
 * Khmer: ស្រាអំពៅ, ស្រារ៉ូម
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: ром
 * Lao: ເຫລົ້າອ້ອຍ
 * Latvian: rums
 * Lithuanian: romas
 * Macedonian: рум
 * Malay: rum
 * Manx: rum
 * Maori: rama
 * Neapolitan: rùmma
 * Norman: rhunme
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: rom
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: рум
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: ron
 * Tajik: ром
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: เหล้ารัม, รัม,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ром
 * Urdu: رم
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: rượu rum,
 * Welsh: rym
 * Zulu: ulwamu

 * Finnish:
 * Romanian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Romanian:

Etymology 2
From the earlier form rome, slang for "good"; possibly of origin; compare.

Adjective

 * 1)  Fine, excellent, valuable.
 * 2)  Strange, peculiar.
 * 1)  Strange, peculiar.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:excellent
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:strange

Noun

 * 1)  Any odd person or thing.

Etymology 3
Shortening of.

Noun

 * 1)  The card game rummy.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) room

Etymology 1
, from, originally.

Etymology 2
Probably from.

Noun

 * 1) rubble

Etymology 1
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) room
 * 2) compartment
 * 3)  space

Etymology 2
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Related to the noun.

Adjective

 * 1)   wide, spacious
 * in the modern language only in the expressions and

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)   alcoholic beverage

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) room

Etymology
From dialectal 🇨🇬, reduced form of and in some dialects.

Usage notes

 * While most or all instances of standard can be replaced with  in the vernacular, compounds that are inherently colloquial will typically sound odd when  is used in them. These will appear in writing with  or not at all.

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  a distilled spirit

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) rum

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) room, space

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , , from.

Noun

 * 1) room, space

Etymology 1
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) spacious, roomy
 * 2) long, extended
 * 3) liberal, extensive, ample, abundant, bountiful, expansive, generous

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) room, space
 * 2) a space of time, an interval
 * 3) opportunity

Declension

 * Neuter

 * Masculine

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) around

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  broken debris, rock crumbs

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a room (in a building)
 * 2) space, room
 * 3)  a space
 * 1)  a space
 * 1)  a space
 * 1)  a space

Noun

 * : straw

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) room

Noun

 * 1) safflower

title: rum


text:
motor

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A machine or device that converts other energy forms into mechanical energy, or imparts motion.
 * 2)  A motor car, or automobile, even a goods vehicle.
 * 3)  A source of power for something; an inspiration; a driving force.
 * 4) Any protein capable of converting chemical energy into mechanical work.
 * 5)  The controller or prime mover of the universe; God.
 * 6)  The fermenting mass of fruit that is the basis of pruno, or "prison wine".
 * 1)  A source of power for something; an inspiration; a driving force.
 * 2) Any protein capable of converting chemical energy into mechanical work.
 * 3)  The controller or prime mover of the universe; God.
 * 4)  The fermenting mass of fruit that is the basis of pruno, or "prison wine".
 * 1)  The controller or prime mover of the universe; God.
 * 2)  The fermenting mass of fruit that is the basis of pruno, or "prison wine".

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to the ability to move.
 * 2) Relating to motor cars.
 * 3)  Propelled by an internal combustion engine.
 * 1)  Propelled by an internal combustion engine.
 * 1)  Propelled by an internal combustion engine.

Verb

 * 1)  To make a journey by motor vehicle; to drive.
 * 2)  To rotate a jet engine or turboprop using the engine's starter, without introducing fuel into the engine.
 * 3)  To progress at a brisk pace.
 * 4)  To leave.
 * 1)  To rotate a jet engine or turboprop using the engine's starter, without introducing fuel into the engine.
 * 2)  To progress at a brisk pace.
 * 3)  To leave.
 * 1)  To leave.
 * 1)  To leave.
 * 1)  To leave.

Etymology
Borrowed from, compare , from.

Noun

 * , mechanical device

Etymology
.

Adjective
or

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) ; engine

Noun

 * 1) engine,

Related terms

 * See

Noun

 * , engine

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. In the sense “motorbike” motor was originally short for or.

Noun

 * 1) engine (mechanical device)
 * 2) motorbike

Etymology
From or, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) engine,  a machine or device that converts other energy forms into mechanical energy, or imparts motion; the part of a car or other vehicle which provides the force for motion
 * 2)  powerhouse any source of power, energy or strength
 * 3) motorbike, motorcycle an open-seated motor vehicle with handlebars instead of a steering wheel, and having two (or sometimes three) wheels

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from. In the sense “motorbike” or "motorcycle", motor was originally short for or.

Noun

 * 1)  important person in organization.
 * 1)  important person in organization.
 * 1)  important person in organization.
 * 1)  important person in organization.
 * 1)  important person in organization.

Noun

 * 1) motor

Noun

 * 1) mover; that which moves something

Noun

 * 1) engine,

Noun

 * 1) engine,

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  motorcycle
 * 2) engine
 * 1) engine

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) motive

Noun

 * 1) engine
 * 1) engine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) engine
 * 2)  motorcycle

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) engine,
 * 2)  motorcycle

Noun

 * 1) engine

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) moving

Noun

 * 1)  engine
 * 2)  driving force, driver, mover
 * 3)  powerhouse
 * 4)  backend, back end
 * 1)  backend, back end

Noun

 * 1) engine,

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) ; engine

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) engine mechanical device
 * 2)  a motorcycle

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬

Noun
or

 * 1) motor, engine

Etymology
Possibly a shortening of.

Noun

 * 1) motorboat

title: motor


text:
fasten

Etymology
From, from , from. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To attach or connect in a secure manner.
 * 2) * May 31, 1711,, The Examiner No. 43
 * The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them.
 * 1) To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to land.
 * 1) * May 31, 1711,, The Examiner No. 43
 * The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them.
 * 1) To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to land.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 系住,, 閂上
 * Czech: připoutat, připevnit
 * Danish:, fæstne, sætte fast, hæfte
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:, trincar,
 * Georgian: დამაგრება, მიმაგრება
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πήγνυμι, ἐξάπτω
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: ceangail, greamaigh
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kabuverdianu: butuá, bôtua
 * Latin: nectō, pangō
 * Lithuanian: segti
 * Maori: whakatina, whakangita, tīpona, makatiti , pine , titi , whakamau, whakapiri , whakarapa , whakarawa , kōtui , tautara, tāmau, mātiti , whakananawe, pona
 * Norwegian: spenne fast
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: feste
 * Ottoman Turkish: باغلامق
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, , spänna fast
 * Tày: bọp

Etymology 1
, from, from.

Verb

 * 1) to fast

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to fast

title: fasten


text:
pizza bone

Noun

 * 1)  The thick, generally curved, crust end of a slice of pizza.
 * 2) * 2005 April 8, "loosbrew" , "Re: Another pet question", novell.community.chat, Usenet,
 * ...give her a special treat one day, like a pizza crust(or pizza bones as we call em)....
 * 1) * 2005 April 8, "loosbrew" , "Re: Another pet question", novell.community.chat, Usenet,
 * ...give her a special treat one day, like a pizza crust(or pizza bones as we call em)....
 * 1) * 2005 April 8, "loosbrew" , "Re: Another pet question", novell.community.chat, Usenet,
 * ...give her a special treat one day, like a pizza crust(or pizza bones as we call em)....
 * 1) * 2005 April 8, "loosbrew" , "Re: Another pet question", novell.community.chat, Usenet,
 * ...give her a special treat one day, like a pizza crust(or pizza bones as we call em)....
 * 1) * 2005 April 8, "loosbrew" , "Re: Another pet question", novell.community.chat, Usenet,
 * ...give her a special treat one day, like a pizza crust(or pizza bones as we call em)....

title: pizza bone


text:
podium

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , a diminutive of. .

Noun

 * 1) A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.
 * 2)  A stand used to hold notes when speaking publicly.
 * 3)  A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.
 * 4)  A result amongst the best three at a competition.
 * 5) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall.
 * 6) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheatre, from the top of which the seats began.
 * 7) The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers.
 * 8) The lower portion of a high-rise building, typically of several storeys tall and acts as a foundation to the tower(s) above it.
 * 9)  A foot or footstalk.
 * 1)  A foot or footstalk.

Usage notes
Some people object to the sense on the grounds that because of its etymology,  ought to refer to something that is stood upon (or that at least pertains to the feet in some way), and that  should be used instead, as it refers to “reading”. However, this use is well established in US English and reported without comment in US dictionaries.

Derived terms

 * podium position

Translations

 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: podio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: βῆμα
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: póidiam
 * Javanese: podhium
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: βῆμα
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:, palkintopalli
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 表彰台
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: pall
 * Nynorsk: pall
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: ödül kürsüsü

 * Finnish: palkintosija, palkintopalli
 * German:, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish: pallplacering

Verb

 * 1)  To finish in the top three at an event or competition.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , a diminutive of. .

Etymology
..

Etymology
Borrowed from, from diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) balcony, especially in an amphitheatre

Descendants

 * Italo-Romance:
 * Padanian:
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings

Noun

 * 1) a dais, raised platform
 * 1) a dais, raised platform

Noun

 * 1) a dais, raised platform
 * 1) a dais, raised platform

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

authors: Гражданская оборона

title: podium


text:
childbirth

Etymology
From, perhaps a of ; equivalent to 🇰🇲. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.

Translations

 * Albanian: lindje fëmije,
 * Arabic: مَخَاض,, وِلَادَة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Belarusian: ро́ды
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ра́ждане
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: akuŝo
 * Estonian: sünnitus
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:, parición, , nacenza
 * Georgian: მშობიარობა
 * German:, , Geburt eines Kindes, Gebären, , Partus, Parturitio
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: τοκετός, παιδογονία, τόκος
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:, barnsfæðing, fæðing
 * Indonesian: parturisi,, ,
 * Irish: breith clainne
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kazakh: туу
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:, puerperium
 * Latvian: dzemdības
 * Lithuanian: gimdymas
 * Macedonian: пораѓање
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: whānautanga
 * Middle English: childing
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: barnefødsel,
 * Old English:, earfoþe
 * Persian:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: tinneas-cloinne
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: по̏рођа̄ј, по̀род
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: pôrod, rodenie
 * Slovene: ,
 * Spanish:, , alumbramiento
 * Sundanese: ᮍᮜᮠᮤᮁᮊᮩᮔ᮪
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: зоймон, зоиш, вазъи ҳамл
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ро́ди, поло́ги
 * Urdu:, وِلادَت, جاپا, زَچْگی
 * Uyghur: تۇغۇش
 * Uzbek: tugʻish
 * Venetian:
 * Vietnamese: sinh con
 * Yiddish: קימפּעט
 * Zazaki: qeç biyen

title: childbirth


text:
sut

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an instance of sucking

Noun

 * 1) teat, nipple artificial nipple
 * 2) comforter, dummy, pacifier a rubber or plastic device imitating a nipple
 * 3) slipper low shoe usually worn indoors
 * 4) drunk, soak, sot

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), or less likely  (compare 🇨🇬).

Adjective

 * 1) dry, dried, arid, burnt

Noun

 * 1) inglenook the narrow place between the furnace and the wall
 * 2) inglenook the flat top of the furnace or oven

Usage notes
Mainly used in the expression.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  suit

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), or less likely  (compare 🇨🇬).

Adjective

 * 1)  dry, dried, arid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) suit

Verb

 * 1)  to return

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1) how? in what way?
 * 2) like what?
 * 1) like what?
 * 1) like what?
 * 1) like what?

Determiner

 * 1) what kind of?

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  buffoon

title: sut


text: Appendix:Uralic Swadesh lists

title: Appendix:Uralic Swadesh lists


text:
Talk:あいしてる

This isn't one word, but three. Should it be here?
 * If it's an idiomatic phrase, yes. If it's not idiomatic it should be part of the phrasebook category but should still exist. — Hippietrail 14:13, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not an idiomatic phrase, you can think of the 'shiteru'/'suru' as being equivalent to the English 'to' in 'to love', or 'be' in 'be loved'; it indicated direction and tense.
 * That being said, I think this might be better off at 愛している (ai shiteiru) with the extra い. It is more correct grammatically. Both are used, I couldn't say which one was more common but generally Japanese spellcheck programs will flag aishiteru as a grammatical error, though the form is common in casual speech. Freshgavin 02:50, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:あいしてる


text:
suffer

Etymology
From, from , from , from + , from. Displaced native.

Verb

 * 1)  To undergo hardship.
 * 2)  To feel pain.
 * 3)  To become worse.
 * 4)  To endure, undergo.
 * 5)  To allow.
 * 6) * 1938, The U.S., 29 U.S.C. § 203:
 * "Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.
 * 1) * 1978, Section 31-36 of the Code of Montgomery County, Maryland:
 * it shall be unlawful for any person to cause, allow, permit or suffer any vehicle to be parked beyond the period of time established by the duration of the parking meter
 * 1)  To endure, undergo.
 * 2)  To allow.
 * 3) * 1938, The U.S., 29 U.S.C. § 203:
 * "Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.
 * 1) * 1978, Section 31-36 of the Code of Montgomery County, Maryland:
 * it shall be unlawful for any person to cause, allow, permit or suffer any vehicle to be parked beyond the period of time established by the duration of the parking meter
 * 1)  To allow.
 * 2) * 1938, The U.S., 29 U.S.C. § 203:
 * "Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.
 * 1) * 1978, Section 31-36 of the Code of Montgomery County, Maryland:
 * it shall be unlawful for any person to cause, allow, permit or suffer any vehicle to be parked beyond the period of time established by the duration of the parking meter
 * 1) * 1938, The U.S., 29 U.S.C. § 203:
 * "Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.
 * 1) * 1978, Section 31-36 of the Code of Montgomery County, Maryland:
 * it shall be unlawful for any person to cause, allow, permit or suffer any vehicle to be parked beyond the period of time established by the duration of the parking meter

Descendants

 * English Creole:

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arbëresh: psonj
 * Arabic: تَأَلَّمَ, عَانَى
 * Hijazi Arabic: عانى, شِقِي
 * Azerbaijani: əziyyət çəkmək, əzab çəkmək
 * Belarusian: пакутава́ць, му́чыцца
 * Bulgarian:, мъ́ча са
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Chuvash: тарӑх
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: sufrî, patî
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: πάσχω, νοσέω
 * Haitian Creole: soufri
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Ingrian: kärsiä
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 괴로와하다,, 고통받다,
 * Latgalian: cīst, stiļt
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: ciest
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: ngahi, whakataimaha, whakataumaha, makuhea
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan: ,
 * Old English: þrōwian
 * Old French: susfrir
 * Piedmontese: patì
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: llakiy, muchuy, ñak'ay
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: patir, pitir, piteir
 * Russian: ,
 * Sardinian: patire, patiri, sufrire, sufriri, sunfrire, sunfriri
 * Scottish Gaelic: fulaing
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: патити
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:, suffriri
 * Slovak: trpieť
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ตรำ
 * Turkish: elem çekecek, elem çekmek
 * Ukrainian:, му́читися, терпі́ти
 * Venetian: patir
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian: боли ме
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:, doloriĝi
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽, 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀλγέω, νοσέω
 * Greenlandic: anniarpoq
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: kärsiä
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latin:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: kōharihari, pākinikini, hīwiniwini, pākikini
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: þrōwian
 * Old French: susfrir
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: llakiy
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, му́читися
 * Vietnamese: cảm thấy đau
 * Welsh:

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: plimalboniĝi
 * Finnish:
 * French: de,  de
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, kárát látja
 * Italian:
 * Latin: aggravor
 * Norwegian: forverre
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: beter olmak
 * Welsh:

 * Arabic: عَانَى
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: πάσχω
 * Higaonon: antos
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latin:
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: þrōwian, āberan
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Swahili:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: permesi,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: дозволяти

title: suffer


text: Category:Japanese sixth grade kanji

title: Category:Japanese sixth grade kanji


text:
AOT

Adjective

 * 1)   referring to any process that produces a result before it is needed.

Noun

 * 1)   the angle between the flightpaths of the attacking and defending aircraft in a dogfight.

title: AOT


text:
sideburns

Etymology
Reformed from, , noted for his unusual facial hair.

Noun

 * 1) Facial hair reaching from the top of the head down the side of the face to the side of the chin.

Translations

 * Abkhaz:
 * Afrikaans: bakkebaarde
 * Albanian: baseta
 * Arabic: سَوَالِف, سَالِف اَلشَّعْر
 * Egyptian Arabic: سالف, سوالف
 * Armenian: այտամորուք
 * Assamese: খত
 * Avar: бакенбардал
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Abjad: يان سقال
 * Roman: yarımsaqqal, yan saqqal
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chechen:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ;
 * Czech: kotlety, licousy
 * Danish: bakkenbarter
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: vangharoj
 * Estonian: põskhabe
 * Faroese: kjálkaskegg, vangaskegg
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: ქილვაში, ბაკენბარდები
 * German:, , Seitenhaare
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, , , , ,
 * Icelandic: bartar
 * Irish: féasóg leicinn
 * Italian:, basettoni, scopettoni
 * Japanese: 揉み上げ, 頬髭
 * Karelian: korviparta
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: vaigu bārda
 * Lithuanian: žandenos
 * Macedonian: бакенбарди
 * Malay:
 * Maori: hurupāpāringa
 * Mongolian:
 * Navajo: bítłʼah chʼíntłʼo
 * Norwegian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Ottoman Turkish: یان صقال
 * Persian: خط ریش,
 * Plautdietsch: Bakenboat
 * Polish: baki,
 * Portuguese: patilhas, costeletas
 * Romanian: favoriți, cotleți
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зулуфи, залисци
 * Roman: zulufi, zalisci, zaliske
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: patilya
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,

title: sideburns


text:
killer whale

Etymology
Calque or mistranslation of, referring to their tendency to hunt whales.

Noun

 * 1) A sea mammal related to dolphins and porpoises.

Usage notes
Some prefer the term orca, as "killer whale" can be perceived as a loaded term.

Synonyms

 * , orca

Translations

 * Ainu: カムイフㇺベ
 * Aleut: aglux̂
 * Alutiiq: aqɫuk
 * Arabic: حُوت قَاتِل
 * Asturian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᏗᏓᎯᎯ ᏓᏆ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 殺人鯨
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: orcino, orko
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: æðuhvalur
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: ,
 * German:, , Mörderwal, Speckhauer
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guaraní: pirachuguasu
 * Hawaiian: ʻālaluka
 * Hebrew: לוויתן קטלן
 * Hungarian:, , gyilkos bálna
 * Icelandic:, vagnhvalr
 * Ido: orko
 * Indonesian: paus pembunuh
 * Inupiaq: aaġlu
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: さかまた,
 * Kazakh: косатка
 * Korean:
 * Lithuanian: Orka
 * Lutshootseed: qal'qaləχʷič
 * Maori: maki, kākahi
 * Marathi: हिंसक देवमासा, ऑर्का
 * Neapolitan: ncroja
 * Northern Sami: fahkon
 * Norwegian: spekkhogger,, staurkval, staurhval, vagnhval
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:, staurkval, vagn
 * Old Norse: vagna, vögn
 * Persian: نهنگ قاتل
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: baleia-assassina,
 * Russian:, , кит-уби́йца
 * Scottish Gaelic: mada-chuain,
 * Serbo-Croatian: kit ubojica, orka
 * Seri: tacj queemtax
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: orka
 * Tamil: திமிஙகளம்
 * Thai: วาฬเพชฌฆาต
 * Tibetan: སྟག་ཆུ་སྲིན
 * Tlingit: kéet
 * Turkish: katil balina, orka
 * Vietnamese: (𩵜㺔殺手)
 * Yup'ik: arlluk

title: killer whale


text:
podgy

Adjective

 * 1)  Slightly fat.
 * 2)  Stodgy.
 * 1)  Stodgy.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * French: ,
 * German:, moppelig, ,
 * Swedish:, , rultig

title: podgy


text:
forefather

Etymology
From, , , from , but possibly also merged with. Equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Ancestor
 * 2) Cultural ancestor; one who originated an idea or tradition.
 * 1) Cultural ancestor; one who originated an idea or tradition.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: ata-baba
 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: forfader,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: Vorfahre
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γεννήτωρ, προπάτωρ, φῡ́σᾱς
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese: 前任者
 * Maori: tipuna tāne, tupuna tāne
 * Middle English: forfader, fornfader, forme fader
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk: forfar, forfader, stamfar
 * Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰀
 * Plautdietsch: Väavoda
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tok Pisin: tumbuna, tambaran
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Volapük: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: praotec

title: forefather


text:
sow one's wild oats

Etymology
From being a typical useless or counterproductive occupation (wild oats is a weed, and would not be sown).

Verb

 * 1)  To spread one's genes around by impregnating many females.
 * 2)  To engage in premarital or extramarital flings.
 * 3)  To have numerous sexual partners.
 * 4)  To indulge in a period of irresponsible behavior.
 * 1)  To have numerous sexual partners.
 * 2)  To indulge in a period of irresponsible behavior.
 * 1)  To indulge in a period of irresponsible behavior.

Translations

 * Swedish: så sin havre (1), så vildhavre
 * Ukrainian: розно́сити своє́ сі́м'я

 * Danish: løbe hornene af sig
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: correre la cavallina
 * Ukrainian: розгуля́тися в мо́лодості

title: sow one's wild oats


text:
flinch

Etymology 1
From, of Germanic origin. Compare 🇨🇬. Attested in English since the 16th century.

Noun

 * 1) A reflexive jerking away.
 * 2)  The slipping of the foot from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.
 * 1)  The slipping of the foot from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.

Translations

 * Arabic: جَفَل
 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: cuknutí, ucuknutí, škubnutí
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: arreguizo, arrepío,
 * German:, Zurückzucken, Zurückschrecken, Zusammenfahren
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: cuknutie, myknutie, trhnutie, šklbnutie

Verb

 * 1)  To make a sudden, involuntary movement in response to a (usually negative) stimulus; to cringe.
 * 2) To dodge (a question), to avoid an unpleasant task or duty
 * 3)  To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.
 * 1)  To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, дръпвам се
 * Czech: ucuknout, trhnout sebou
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: eksalti
 * Finnish:, säpsähtää
 * French: ,
 * Galician: arreguizarse, arrepiarse, estremecerse
 * German:, , , , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀναπηδῶ
 * Irish: cúlaigh, creathnaigh
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Maori: wīwī, toemi, kōrapa, koemi, maopo
 * Middle English: schrynken
 * Ottoman Turkish: پوصمق
 * Polish: wzdrygać się, wzdrygnąć się
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:,  ,
 * Slovak: cuknúť sa, myknúť sa, trhnúť sa
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:

 * Czech: couvnout, ucuknout,
 * German: sich
 * Maori: kōrapa
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: vyhnúť sa

title: flinch


text:
footbridge

Etymology
From, equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) A bridge over a road, railway, river, etc for pedestrians.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, fodgængerbro
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: purre, jalakäijate sild
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: droichead coise, droichead coisithe
 * Italian:, ponte pedonale,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:, 육교, 보도교
 * Latgalian: laipa
 * Latvian: laipa
 * Malayalam: നടപ്പാലം
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gangbro, gangbru, fotgjengerbro, fotgjengerbru
 * Nynorsk: gangbru, fotgjengarbru
 * Old French: plat
 * Plautdietsch: Stajch
 * Polish: kładla
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: uruya
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: пешехо́дный мо́стик/мост,, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: moštanica
 * Spanish: puente peatonal, pasarela
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Welsh: pompren

title: footbridge


text:
hardly

Etymology
From, , from , equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1)  Barely, only just, almost not.
 * 2) Certainly not; not at all.
 * 3)  With difficulty.
 * , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.234:
 * And what gentle flame soever doth warme the heart of young virgins, yet are they hardly drawne to leave and forgoe their mothers, to betake them to their husbands.
 * 1)  Harshly, severely; in a hard manner.
 * 2)  Firmly, vigorously, with strength or exertion.
 * , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.148:
 * Let him hardly be possest with an honest curiositie to search out the nature and causes of all things.
 * , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.234:
 * And what gentle flame soever doth warme the heart of young virgins, yet are they hardly drawne to leave and forgoe their mothers, to betake them to their husbands.
 * 1)  Harshly, severely; in a hard manner.
 * 2)  Firmly, vigorously, with strength or exertion.
 * , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.148:
 * Let him hardly be possest with an honest curiositie to search out the nature and causes of all things.
 * 1)  Firmly, vigorously, with strength or exertion.
 * , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.148:
 * Let him hardly be possest with an honest curiositie to search out the nature and causes of all things.

Usage notes

 * In the modern sense "barely", it occurs before the verb, and is grammatically a negative word. It therefore collocates with ever rather than never.
 * Compare example sentence with I almost never watch television
 * Because of the anomalous sense of this word, expressions such as "hardly working" have an opposite meaning to what the etymology ("hard" + "-ly") would suggest. "Working hard" suggests that considerable work is being done, whereas "hardly working" suggests that very little work is being done.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Hakka: 重
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: přísně
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Icelandic: af hörku, hakalega
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hardt
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,

 * Armenian: հազիվ (թե), դժվարությամբ
 * Belarusian: ледзь
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 幾乎不
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: knap
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: neyvan
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * Friulian:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: μόλις
 * Hebrew: בקושי
 * Hindi: थोड़े
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Icelandic:, naumlega, ekki meira en svo, , tæplega, með erfiði, með fyrirhöfn
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua:
 * Irish: ní móide
 * Italian:
 * Khmer: គើមៗ, ស្ទើរតែ, តើកៗ
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ئاستەم, جارجار
 * Latin: vix,
 * Lithuanian:, vos vos
 * Macedonian: одвај, едвај
 * Maori: pitoiti, pitoiptoiti
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Occitan:
 * Ojibwe: agaawaa
 * Old English: unēaþe
 * Old French: a paine
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: quase não,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sardinian:
 * Campidanese: appenas
 * Logudorese: accalaítzu, azìgu, izu
 * Sassarese: aìzu
 * Scottish Gaelic: air èiginn
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: је̏два
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: sotva, ledva
 * Spanish:, a duras penas
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Thai: แทบจะไม่
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:, ледь
 * Vietnamese: hầu như không, vừa mới
 * Welsh: braidd,
 * Yiddish: קוים

 * Italian: ,
 * Latin:
 * Norwegian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:

Interjection

 * 1) Not really.
 * I think the Beatles are a really overrated band. ― Hardly!

title: hardly


text:
blogophile

Noun

 * 1) A person who is fond of blogs or blogging.

title: blogophile


text: あいあいがさ

title: あいあいがさ


text:
相合傘

Etymology
Compound of.

相合傘 has a strong romantic implication, stemming in part from a play on words. The first two characters are pronounced, the same as the word , and thus the connotation is that both people under the umbrella are in love.

Noun

 * 1) an umbrella or parasol shared by two people, which alludes to a romantic situation
 * 2)  an infatuation between two people
 * 3)  a love affair, a romantic relationship
 * 4) a simplistic doodle of an umbrella, usually topped with a heart, with the names of two people who are said to be in love written on either side of its handle (compare the writing of names inside a heart)
 * 1)  an infatuation between two people
 * 2)  a love affair, a romantic relationship
 * 3) a simplistic doodle of an umbrella, usually topped with a heart, with the names of two people who are said to be in love written on either side of its handle (compare the writing of names inside a heart)
 * 1) a simplistic doodle of an umbrella, usually topped with a heart, with the names of two people who are said to be in love written on either side of its handle (compare the writing of names inside a heart)

title: 相合傘


text:
Appendix talk:Uralic Swadesh lists

Hungarian verbs misquoted
As documented, inter alia, at the previously linked page http://www.helsinki.fi/~jolaakso/f-h-ety.html, the proper quotation form (used in all serious dictionaries) for Hungarian verbs is NOT the infinitive -- this is used only in constructions like "in order to do something" -- but the 3rd person present singular, which lacks the -ni suffix (but comprises an -ik suffix for reflexive verbs):

etc., etc.

The reason is that the 3rd person present singular obviously conveys more information about the forms of the verb, e. g. whether the verb is reflexive or not.

This is likewise a common source of confusion for many non-European languages such as Sanskrit. --Sanctacaris 11:51, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Mansi
I added Mansi words from Timothy Riese's Vogul grammar (ISBN 3895862312) published by Lincom Europa. They are written phonetically. It would be better to put these in their cyrillic spellings, but I'm not familiar with the cyrillic alphabet used for Mansi.

--Sborsody 22:11, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Removed links
I moved this here from the article. I think the links do not belong (especially the Sumerian one).

Tappancsa, --155.100.234.96 18:21, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

[http://www.ifrance.com/saggiga/LANGUAGE.HTML link Sumerian language and comparison with other proto languages]

[http://www.helsinki.fi/~jolaakso/f-h-ety.html link "Related words" in Finnish and Hungarian ]

--Saggiga 18:12, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC) sorry for the formating, I will arrange this later :-)

Võro
This is a Swadesh list which compares Estonian and Võro. Maybe sombody can attach it to the table of Finno-Ugric languages? Võrok

Moksha
I added Moksha language words missing to the list. I used Мокшень-рузонь валкс (Редакциясь Б.А. Серебренниковонь, А.П. Феоктистовонь, О.Е. Поляковонь). Моску, 1998 ISBN 5-200-02012-3 Minor corrections to Erzya list I made based on Эрзянь-рузонь валкс. Москва, 1993 ISBN 5-200-01585-5 I would better use transcription for Moksha words since Modern Moksha Cyrillic lacks characters for indicating 4 Moksha vowels. --Khazar 08:15, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Duplicate
There seems to be a somewhat less-work'd version of his same list here: Appendix:Swadesh lists for Fenno-Ugric languages --Tropylium 11:31, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Kildin Saami
There's an excellent vocabulary list for Kildin Saami on http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/14 Would anyone be willing to copy words from there to this page? -- Stevey7788 04:41, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I've added Northern Sámi words from http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/same/svocab.html Hope you guys find it useful. Stevey7788 02:12, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Selkup/Nenets
How about renaming this page to Appendix:Swadesh lists for Uralic languages and adding Selkup and/or Nenets? — Stevey7788 02:56, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Mordvin
I wonder about the Mordvin words, for they differ from all sources known to me Collinder:81, Rédei:542). HJJHolm (talk) 08:33, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Reliability
Hungarian, 	Finnish, 	Karelian, 	Estonian, 	Erzya, 	Moksha, 	Komi (Zyrian dialect), 	North Mansi and	North Sami are not the best choice to represent relations between Uralic languages. Finnish, Karelian and Estonian are basically 3 different official standards of the same dialect group, Erzya and Moksha as well. You should not ignore Khanty, Mari and Samoyed groups only because it's more difficult to find data for them.

Ordering of languages
I notice that Hungarian is the first language on the list going from left to right. I'm curious as to why this is the case, seeing as its closest relative, Mansi, is significantly further right on the header. I'm aware that it would take a lot of editing to make the order seem more coherent, but it is peculiar nonetheless. Same with the Saami languages: it's pretty well agreed upon that they are closer to Finnic than they are to Ugric, so why put them between Mansi and Nenets? AnonymousMusician (talk) 00:23, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:Uralic Swadesh lists


text:
Talk:slash

Is the pee sense a Brittishism? --Connel MacKenzie 17:09, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It is definitely known to me as an Australian. Sabretoof (talk) 10:39, 2 August 2019 (UTC)

related to sense #2
This curious expression may come from the French "se lacher" : to let oneself go. "Il se lache" is pronounced, even today (2006) "eel slash". moved from article to discussion page by: --Versageek 22:50, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Missing sense: swampy ground?
See slash pine. Equinox ◑ 11:53, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:slash