text:
temple

Etymology 1
From, from , , borrowed from. Compare, also a borrowing from the Latin.

Noun

 * 1) A house of worship, especially:
 * 2) A house of worship dedicated to a polytheistic faith.
 * , especially a non-Orthodox synagogue.
 * How often do you go to temple?
 * 1)  As opposed to an LDS meetinghouse, a church closed to non-Mormons and necessary for particular rituals.
 * 2) A meeting house of the Oddfellows fraternity; its members.
 * 3)  Any place regarded as holding a religious presence.
 * 4)  Any place seen as an important centre for some activity.
 * 5)  Anything regarded as important or minutely cared for.
 * 6)  A gesture wherein the forefingers are outstretched and touch pad to pad while the other fingers are clasped together.
 * 1)  Anything regarded as important or minutely cared for.
 * 2)  A gesture wherein the forefingers are outstretched and touch pad to pad while the other fingers are clasped together.
 * 1)  A gesture wherein the forefingers are outstretched and touch pad to pad while the other fingers are clasped together.
 * 1)  A gesture wherein the forefingers are outstretched and touch pad to pad while the other fingers are clasped together.
 * 1)  A gesture wherein the forefingers are outstretched and touch pad to pad while the other fingers are clasped together.

Usage notes

 * This word is rarely used in English to refer to a Christian house of worship, especially in Western Christianity.

Hyponyms

 * ; ;  ;,  ;  ,  ; ,  ;  ;  ;  ; see also Thesaurus:temple

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Aghwan: 𐕊𐔰𐕜𐔰𐕙
 * Albanian: ,
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: kįh biyiʼ daʼchʼokąąhí
 * Arabic: مَعْبَد, هَيْكَل
 * Egyptian Arabic: معبد
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: məbəd, ibadətxana, ibadətgah
 * Baba Malay: tempeh
 * Bashkir: ғибәҙәтхана
 * Basque: tenplu
 * Belarusian: храм
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bhojpuri: 𑂧𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂱𑂪
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:, ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 廟, 寺廟
 * Mandarin:, ;  ,
 * Cornish: eglos teg
 * Czech:
 * Danish: tempel
 * Dutch:
 * Dzongkha: ལྷ་ཁང
 * Egyptian: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: tempul
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ტაძარი
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃, 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌷𐌿𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ναός, ἱερόν
 * Gujarati: મંદિર
 * Hawaiian: heiau
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:, ,  ,
 * Interlingua: templo
 * Irish: teampall
 * Old Irish: tempul
 * Isan:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, Buddhist temple: , , , ,
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: ғыйбадатһана, храм, ғибадатхана
 * Khmer: ,
 * Konkani: ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پەرستگا
 * Kyrgyz: ибадаткана,
 * Lao:
 * Latin:, aedis, dēlūbrum, fānum
 * Latvian: templis
 * Lithuanian: šventykla
 * Lü: ᦞᧆ
 * Macedonian: храм
 * Magahi: 𑂧𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂱𑂪
 * Malay: kuil
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Maltese: tempju, maqdes
 * Maori: temepara
 * Marathi: देऊळ,
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:, сүм дуган,
 * Mongolian: ᠰᠦᠮ ᠡ
 * Norman: templ'ye
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: tempel
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old English: ealh, tempel
 * Parthian: 𐭁𐭂𐭍𐭉
 * Pashto: معبد,
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:, , ناوُس, , , عِبادَتْخانِه, پَرَسْتِشْگاه,
 * Plautdietsch: Tempel
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romani: khangeri
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ме́сто богослуже́ния
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: хра̑м, бого̀моља
 * Roman: ,
 * Shan:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: hekalu
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: ибодатхона, маъбад, фархор, парастишгоҳ, ибодатгоҳ
 * Tamil:, ,
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:, , ,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ལྷ་ཁང
 * Turkish:, , ,
 * Turkmen: ybadathana
 * Ukrainian:
 * Umbrian: 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄
 * Urdu: مَعْبَد, مَٹھ, عِبادَت گاہ, مَنْدِر
 * Uyghur: يباداتھانا, تاۈينيديغان چاي
 * Uzbek:, , ,
 * Vietnamese:, thiền viện,
 * Welsh: teml
 * Yiddish: טעמפּל, שול
 * Yoruba: tẹmpili, ile Ọlọrun
 * Zhuang: caeh

 * Albanian: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Polish:

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Russian:

 * Indonesian: ,
 * Latin: ,
 * Telugu:

Verb

 * 1)  To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; to temple a god

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from , plural of. See.

Noun

 * 1)  The slightly flatter region, on either side of the human head, behind the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch, and forward of the ear.
 * 2)  Either of the sidepieces on a set of spectacles, extending backwards from the hinge toward the ears and, usually, turning down around them.

Translations

 * Abkhaz:
 * Adyghe:
 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: صَدْغ
 * Egyptian Arabic: حنطور عين, صدغ, سداغ
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: сикә
 * Basque: loki
 * Belarusian: скронь
 * Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂣𑂗𑂹𑂗𑂲
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 魂精
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Coptic: ⲥⲙⲁⲩ
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Fala: sen
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, ,
 * Georgian: საფეთქელი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κρόταφος, κόρση
 * Greenlandic: tulleq
 * Guaraní:
 * Gujarati: લમણું
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: tempora
 * Irish: uisinn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kalmyk: цох
 * Kazakh: висок
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latgalian: dzausnys, pluonumi
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: deniņi
 * Lithuanian: smilkinỹs
 * Low German:
 * Dutch Low Saxon: dunegge
 * Macedonian: слепоо́чница
 * Magahi: 𑂍𑂢𑂣𑂗𑂹𑂗𑂲
 * Maithili: कनपट्टी
 * Malay: pelipis
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: ngħas
 * Manchu: ᡧᡠᠯᡠ
 * Maori: rahirahinga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠴᠢᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ
 * Nepali:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: tinning
 * Nynorsk: tinning
 * Old English: þunwange
 * Old Galician-Portuguese: trincheira
 * Old Norse: þunnvangi
 * Ottoman Turkish: شقاق, طولون, صدغ
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romani: korrijakh
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: слепоочница
 * Roman: slepoočnica
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak: slucha, spánok
 * Slovene: sence
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pilipisan, sentido
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ཡ་མ
 * Turkish:
 * Ugaritic: 𐎔𐎛𐎚
 * Ukrainian: скро́ня, висо́к
 * Vietnamese:, màng tang
 * Welsh: arlais
 * West Frisian: sliep
 * Yiddish: שלייף
 * Yoruba: ẹrán
 * Zazaki: kelwe
 * Zhuang:
 * Zulu:
 * ǃXóõ: ʘqʻûbe tshôe

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh:

Etymology 3
Borrowed from ; compare and.

Noun

 * 1)  A contrivance used in a loom for keeping the web stretched transversely.

Translations

 * Burmese:
 * Italian: tempiale
 * Japanese: ,

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  building

Etymology
, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  for worship
 * 2) hall

Etymology 1
From, from , plural of.

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  (building where religious services take place)

Etymology
From or. Compare the inherited and the learned form, all ultimately from.

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) mood; humour (of a person)
 * 2) mettle; courage; spunk
 * 3) tempering
 * 4) temperature
 * 5)  tuning
 * 6)  a move of the cape before a charge
 * 1)  a move of the cape before a charge

title: temple


text:
User:Ray Cherry/Conceptionary

= Conceptionary =

 * "A database of 'concepts' that links each concept to its various representations in the languages and cultures of mankind. A concept in this database is not (necessarily) a high-level, abstract, understanding of a complex idea" Described by Ray Cherry in hand-written notes, during the summer of 2000

 * "Concepts - Conceptionary (an index of concepts ie. like a dictionary is for diction)" Lecture notes of Bill Abbot - circa 1995: http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/wik/wik.htm

 * "A conceptionary, like a dictionary, is useful in learning the meanings of words. Unlike a dictionary, it is designed to make the reader work a little, and to develop associations and a conceptual framework for the subject of the conceptionary. It is not an encyclopaedia, though it has as one function, in new or inter-disciplinary areas, the drawing together and reconciliation of disparate sources. Like Marmite (a yeast extract), it is designed to be nutritious and highly concentrated. Do not be put off by the consequent strong flavour. The aim is to achieve broad coverage of material from areas such as psychology and physics, as well as from speech recognition and synthesis, because such material is highly relevant to speech researchers and often difficult to track down. Historical material is included for the same reasons" A description of his own (specialised) conceptionary, by Professor David R. Hill of the University of Calgary, Canada - circa 2001:http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~hill/papers/conc/ provides the latest version of the document which, according to the Professor, has a history going back to 1976 when it was entitled "A first order conceptionary to acoustic interaction between men and machines"

David Hill may have been the first to use the word 'conceptionary'. If you know of any earlier (preferably published) use of the word, please let us know here.

Concept
A concept is anything that is understood and communicated/recorded by a human, (though not necessarily limited to humans). Examples: human; animal; vegetable; food; drink; smell; flower; colour; sunshine; sky; star; planet; sphere; orbit ...

The links between the concepts and their spoken/written representations in the many various cultures may be arranged to provide links between the concepts themselves. So that 'red' is linked to 'colour', 'light', 'frequency', 'wave', 'refraction' ...

The representation of each concept requires a method of presentation that eliminates the need to use words (as much as possible). Complete elimination of words may prove impossible - some concepts will not be understood otherwise. For the majority of cases images, sounds, animations and even digital audio/video should present each concept.

Concept Categorisation
Categorisation of concepts may be the stumbling block of the successful conceptionary: as it is supposed to be 'universally available' to all users, the use of any categorisation system may provide a cultural bias that is not understood by all users. For example: the categories Basic, Academic, Commercial, Historical and Fiction might provide a useful starting point for categorisation, but what would these mean to a farmer from central Africa?

These terms (the example categories) are themselves 'concepts' that are familiar to many cultures, but not completely universal.

The categorisation may be more appropriately based upon the level of complexity of the concept. The level of complexity may be measured as the number, (or depth), of other concepts it depends upon. For example: the colour red may only have the concept of 'colour' underlying it, in which case 'red' is relatively simple as a concept. However, if 'red' is dependent upon a 'vertical stack' of concepts (such as: colour, light, frequency, velocity, amplitude, wave, photon, particle, mass, quanta, energy) then the concept may said to have a high level of complexity and require prior knowledge of the lesser/component concepts.

The 'categorisation of concepts' by 'concept dependency' may be eliminated (due to the possibility of circular relationships) and, instead, 'links' between the concepts and their human representations may be limited to certain 'types'.

'Language' provides an obvious link between concept and the words used for it by different people in different places and times in history. 'Examples of Use' would extend this for clarity in each language. Where 'Literature' may further extend the link to places where to concept is used exhaustively, or interestingly, in existing written documents (or film/theatre/media). It is possible to provide audio examples of use, (video for sign languages, for the deaf), phonetic and metadata for speech recognition systems such as Professor David Hill's conceptionary (Section 1.3) was collated for.

'Culture' provides a link to explain how a common concept is treated differently by different people. Examples: god, law, property, freedom. 'Culture' may be extended by 'Geography', 'Politics', 'Art' and 'History'.

'Technical' may provide the path to more complex human understanding of a single concept, by extending through to 'Science' and further to specific definitions by the various academic communities who use the same concept in different environments (and often in different ways). As well as Science, other specialisations may be linked, such as 'Commercial', 'Industrial', 'Agricultural', 'Domestic' ...

Hierarchical Distributed Conceptionaries
These 'Links' between concepts permits different, distributed, repositories (databases located at different points on the Internet, around the globe) to concentrate on specific subjects. Universities in each country worldwide could provide a local language/culture specific conceptionary, providing the local linguistic and artistic representation of the concepts that have already been defined: defined locally, or on remote conceptionaries.

This distributed conceptionary lends itself to hierarchy of conceptionaries ranging from the more common concepts (primary conceptionary) to the very specialised conceptionary (local terminology, abbreviations, acronyms and jargon) right down to corporate or personal levels.

Such specialised conceptionaries may, or may not, be available to the public, but the references (links) to the underlying concepts would (normally) be to conceptionaries available to everyone via the Internet.

An example of one such (publicly accessible) specialised conceptionary has already been mentioned above: http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~hill/papers/conc/

This site hosts Professor David R. Hill's authorised and up-to-date version of "A Conceptionary for Speech & Hearing in the Context of Machines and Experimentation", although many copies (some with errors and omissions) exist in various formats on the Web.

It is easy to imagine the information being dynamically extracted from a 'local/specialised conceptionary' database. Such a database would need to conform to rules and standards to which all conceptionaries will comply, to permit those distributed conceptionaries to act as one large distributed database, and permit services that use the conceptionary to anticipate where certain information will be available for each concept and its related content.

Ontology
Various organisations are defining ontologies which are similar to specialised conceptionaries, but are based upon no standard of structure or internationalisation. The World Wide Web Consortium is defining XML based communications between ontological databases with the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Ontological Web Language (OWL).

Mediation
The construction of such a hierarchy of concepts should provide a level of mediation over the concept entries in the more common (primary and near-primary) conceptionaries. Ensuring that the information in these conceptionaries is of adequate standard to be understood by the majority of viewers is essential for all the material that later links to it. The mediators need to test the entries with a wide audience of viewers and gain a measurement of understanding achieved with the presentation of each concept. This is the point at which the true educational value of the conceptionary must be underlined and comprehended by all contributors.

Education
The primary conceptionary needs to concern itself with the concepts that are common to all mankind, building the foundations for other conceptionaries to build upon. The place to start is probably obvious to every recent parent, regardless of their background/environment.

We start teaching our children concepts of drink, food, clothes; places and times for eating, sleeping and playing; toys provide recognisable shapes, colours and sounds - and even motion with the effects of gravity; finally, from and early stage, we associate spoken and written labels/identifiers, 'words', to each of these concepts that we expect our children to learn.

If it is possible to provide a primary conceptionary, devoid of words, that captures all of these early learning (extremely common) concepts/experiences, describing all the basic building blocks of education for all mankind, then we can provide the absolute path for cross referencing all 'higher concepts' from all the country/culture specific 'near primary' conceptionaries supported by Universities around the globe - whose first responsibility it is to provide 'words', labels, identifiers for each of the concepts in the primary conceptionary in the language(s) of their locality.

A popular example amongst English and Spanish speakers would be Sesame Street where well established 'actors' walk early-learners through very basic concepts using familiar media and metaphore. Imagine Sesame Street in many more languages, and with an extended learning range, (age related by the current creators).

Imagine now that the primary repository concepts are related/linked to multimedia presentations in a Sesame Street 'specialist conceptionary', where further links exist to connect certain subjects and examples to the Sesame Street 'actors' who regularly present these concepts - and then further links to the more entertainment-biased 'Muppet Show' - for example.

Language Independence
This 'language-less' primary conceptionary also provides some avoidance of the domination of any particular language/culture over the concepts. Maintaining this differentiation between concept and label/identifier in all the distributed conceptionaries should be encouraged (the term 'imposed' is deliberately avoided at this time) as it will make each concept more 'portable'. This would permit each concept to be used in multiple conceptionaries: 'concept replication'. Or move to a more common - therefore, less specialised - conceptionary for reference by multiple sub-conceptionaries: 'concept promotion'.

Categorisation Revisited
Working with this hierarchy of increasingly-specialised sub-conceptionaries (simplest, common concepts in the Primary Conceptionary, and gradually more-complex concepts in Specialised Conceptionaries - or Sub-Conceptionaries) may inherently provide a system of categorisation, with each concept also gaining a 'degree of complexity' indicated by its location in the hierarchy of conceptionaries (and, therefore, the hierarchy of concepts).

Unfortunately, the flexibility of concept linkages could permit multiple routes from most-complex to most-simple concept, and some routes may be much shorter than others. Imagine the immense number of concepts required to describe a Nuclear Reactor. Then imagine an image of a Reactor with a large white drum filled with slowly bubbling water and for metal rods in the centre. Clicking on the drum could give you links to primary concepts such as 'white', 'liquid', 'water' and 'cylinder'.

Filtering of Links could reduce the listed relationships to 'Technical: Science: Physics: Fusion: Reactor' for example, but this system requires that the links also become administrated in a distributed/specialised manner which leaves the door open for local/cultural bias.

These links need to be administrated centrally, and suggestions for more specialised links (such as adding 'Reactor' for 'Technical: Science: Physics: Fusion') should be unanimously approved by a global group of specialists in the particular concept - so that it is understood that further concept definitions will adhere to a globally-agreed organisation of links/categories.

Wikipedia
http://www.wikipedia.org/

This Wiki Website absolutely must be included in this document as a close example of the information structure being discussed here. With a brief viewing (soon to be expanded greatly) the Wikipedia appears to be aiming at a multilingual encyclopedia with interlinked definitions. Each definition may refer to other definitions in the existing encyclopedia.

It could be considered as a single database version of a conceptionary, without any hierarchy of concepts.

The interesting initial discovery is that these links between definitions are also categorised, with many different 'themes' for the categorisation. The complexity of this linkage illustrates that which has been discussed above in sections 1.2 and 1.7, in that the flexibility of the links may disguise the true nature of the concept, and its part of the major concept to which it belongs. For example, our 'Fusion Reactor' may be linked to 'Kettle' by the common concept of 'Bubbling Water', which is interesting, but not as much as 'Energy Capture from Unstable Nuclear Materials'.

The Wiki format of this encyclopedia also allows the definitions to be edited by the reader, hopefully to enhance the definition for future readers. The constant revision of the same definition could lead to an incoherent text that has conflicting information and even debate, whereas a term or concept with multiple definitions from different contributors would allow the enhancements to remain 'autonomous' and for the reader to consider in context of the other definitions supplied.

Further to this, a voting system for agreement with each definition may provide a filtering system for definitions based upon the 'level of agreement' with each supplied definition. This voting system could be open to all readers, or restricting to an 'authority group' depending on the level of specialisation/complexity of the discussed concept.

Concept Paradox
As an aside, and something to think about, one concept that needs definition/presentation in this database from the beginning may prove to be a major stumbling block for the multi-lingual efforts: how would you describe 'concept' without using words?

It is certain that many concepts considered to be 'basic' by educated adults are not basic at all. All contributors and mediators would have to do much thinking about the 'basic-ness' and commonality of each concept.

This definition is provided by Ray Cherry (ray.cherry@mail.com)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Ray Cherry/Conceptionary


text:
englisch

Etymology 1
, or, or borrowed directly from.

Adjective

 * 1)  English
 * 2)  rare
 * 1)  rare

Adjective

 * 1)  angelic, angelical

title: englisch


text:
hallmark

Etymology
1721., from in London, the site of the assay office, official stamp of purity in gold and silver articles. The general sense of “mark of quality” first recorded 1864. Use as a verb from 1773.

Noun

 * 1)  A distinguishing characteristic.
 * 2) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.
 * 1) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.
 * 1) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.
 * 1) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.
 * 1) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.
 * 1) An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, specifikum, charakteristický znak
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: /, , , , , jellemző/legjellemzőbb vonás/sajátosság
 * Ingrian: tunnusmerkki, tuntomerkki
 * Italian: segno caratteristico, elemento caratteristico
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: kjenneteikn
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Slovene: značilnost
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: dấu ấn

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Repunze,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese:, 極印
 * Polish: cecha probiercza,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,

Verb

 * 1) To provide or stamp with a hallmark.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Hungarian:, fémjellel ellát

title: hallmark


text:
Mountie

Noun

 * 1)  A member of the.
 * 2)  A member of the
 * 3)  A law officer, particularly one patrolling rural highways.
 * 1)  A member of the
 * 2)  A law officer, particularly one patrolling rural highways.

title: Mountie


text:
oersette

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to translate

title: oersette


text:
solstice

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.

Translations

 * Arabic: اِنْقِلَاب شَمْسِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: сонцастая́нне
 * Bulgarian: слънцестое́не
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , (winter solstice),  (summer solstice)
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: pööripäev
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ნაბუნიობა, მზებუდობა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:, sólhvörf
 * Irish: grianstad
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: (winter solstice),  (summer solstice)
 * Karachay-Balkar: къоргъазин
 * Korean:, ,
 * Latin: solstitium, brūma
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: saulėgrįža
 * Macedonian: сонцестој
 * Malay: solstis
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: takanga o te rā, hikumutu, Ihu o Takurua , Ihu o Hineraumati , te tuakaihautanga o Tamanuiterā
 * Mongolian:
 * Navajo: shá niighááh, shá niiltłʼah
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: solverv
 * Nynorsk: solkverv
 * Old English: sunstede
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, solstițiul verii, solstițiul iernii
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, су̏нцоста̄ј
 * Slovak: slnovrat
 * Slovene: sónčev obràt, solstícij
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: (the longest day),  (the shortest day),
 * Thai: มายัน
 * Tibetan: ཉི་མ་ལོག་ཡག
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: điểm chí
 * Welsh: heuldro

Etymology
, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  solstice

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) solstice (summer or winter)
 * 2) the day of the solstice

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  solstice

title: solstice


text:
Liguria

Etymology
From, from , from.

Translations

 * Arabic: لِيغُورْيَا
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: Лигу́рия
 * Catalan: Ligúria
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: Ligurie
 * Danish: Ligurien
 * Dutch: Ligurië
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: Ligurie
 * Galician: Liguria
 * Georgian: ლიგურია
 * German:
 * Greek: Λιγουρία
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: リグーリア州
 * Latin: Liguria
 * Ligurian: Ligûria
 * Macedonian: Лигурија
 * Mingrelian: ლიგურია
 * Occitan: Ligúria
 * Persian: لیگوریا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: Liguria
 * Swedish: Ligurien
 * Ukrainian: Лігу́рія

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

title: Liguria


text:
Limassol

Translations

 * Armenian: Լիմասոլ
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian: Limassol
 * Ottoman Turkish: لیمه‌سون
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: Limasol
 * Turkish: Limasol, Leymosun

title: Limassol


text:
Lisbon

Etymology
As the capital of Portugal, from, from , from , the origin of which is uncertain. Older spellings include and  (in the Visigothic era);  or  (by Greek writers),  (by Pliny the Elder), and  (by Pomponius Mela of Hispania), the last of which relates to the first-century Roman folk etymology that it was founded by and named after Ulysses; another common folk etymology is the, but there is not much evidence for such words. Another possibility, based on hydronomy of the area, derives the name from 's appellation for the Tagus, or.

In other senses, with reference to the Portuguese city.

More at Lisbon.

Proper noun

 * 1)  around the capital.
 * 2)  The Portuguese government.
 * 1)  The Portuguese government.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Lissabon
 * Albanian: Lisbona, Lisbonë
 * Amharic: ሊዝቦን
 * Arabic: لِشْبُونَة, أُشْبُونَة
 * Hijazi: لِشْبونَة
 * Aragonese: Lisbona
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: Lisboa
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: Лісабо́н
 * Bengali: লিসবন
 * Bulgarian: Лисабо́н
 * Burmese: လစ်စဘွန်းမြို့
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 里斯本
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Lissabon
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Lisbono
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: Lisbone
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლისაბონი
 * German:
 * Greek: Λισσαβώνα
 * Ancient Greek: Ὀλισσιπών
 * Hawaiian: Likepona
 * Hebrew: לִיסְבּוֹן
 * Hindi: लिस्बन
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Lissabon
 * Irish: Liospóin
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: Лиссабон
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: Лиссабон
 * Lao: ລີຊະບົນ
 * Latin: Olisīpō
 * Latvian: Lisabona
 * Ligurian: Lisbonn-a
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Lissabon
 * Macedonian: Лисабон
 * Maltese: Liżbona
 * Middle French: Lissebonne
 * Mirandese: Lisboua
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Лиссабон
 * North Frisian: Lisabon
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Occitan: Lisbona
 * Old Portuguese: Lixbõa
 * Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون
 * Pashto: لزبن, لېزبن
 * Persian: لیسبون
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: Lisbona
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Лисабон
 * Roman: Lisabon
 * Slovak: Lisabon
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: Лиссабон
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: Лиссабон
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ལི་སི་བཱོན
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Lissabon
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: لسبن
 * Uyghur: لىسبون
 * Uzbek: Lissabon
 * Venetian: Lisbona
 * Vietnamese: Li-xboa
 * West Frisian: Lissabon
 * Yiddish: ליסבאָן, ליסאַבאָן

Noun

 * 1) A sweet, light-coloured wine from Portugal.
 * 2) * 1808–10,, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 165:
 * We had plenty of port wine and Lisbon, which, with uninterrupted good humour, made the hours glide rapidly away.

title: Lisbon


text:
Liverpool

Etymology
From, from , +. Equivalent to.

Proper noun

 * 1) ; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.
 * 2) The,  which includes the suburb.
 * 1) The,  which includes the suburb.

Translations

 * Amharic: ሊቨርፑል
 * Arabic: لِيفَرْبُول
 * Egyptian Arabic: ليفربول
 * Aramaic: ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: Liverpul
 * Belarusian: Ліверпу́л
 * Bengali: লিভারপূল, লিভার্পূল
 * Bulgarian: Ли́върпул
 * Burmese: လီဗာပူးမြို့
 * Chechen: Ливерпуль
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 利物浦
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 利物浦
 * Chuvash: Ливерпуль
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: Liverpool
 * Georgian: ლივერპული
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: લિવર્પૂલ
 * Hebrew: ליברפול
 * Hindi: लिवरपूल, लिवर्पूल
 * Irish: Learpholl
 * Jamaican Creole: Livapuul
 * Japanese: リバプール
 * Kannada: ಲಿವರ್‌ಪೂಲ್
 * Kazakh:
 * Korean: ^리버풀
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: لیڤەرپوول
 * Kyrgyz: Ливерпул
 * Lao: ລິເວີຣ໌ພູລ
 * Latin: Liverpolium
 * Latvian: Liverpūle
 * Lezgi: Ливерпуль
 * Lithuanian: Liverpulis
 * Macedonian: Ливерпул
 * Malayalam: ലിവർപൂൽ
 * Manx: Lerphoyll
 * Marathi: लिव्हरपूल, लिव्हर्पूल
 * Mazanderani: لیورپول
 * Mongolian: Ливерпүүл
 * Nepali: लिभरपुल
 * Ossetian: Ливерпуль
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Liverpool
 * Punjabi: ਲਿਵਰਪੂਲ
 * Russian:
 * Scots: Liverpuil
 * Scottish Gaelic: Poll a' Ghrùthain
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ливерпул
 * Roman: Liverpul
 * Sinhalese: ලිවර්පූල්
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: Ливерпул
 * Tamil: லிவர்பூல்
 * Tatar: Liverpul
 * Telugu: లివర్‌పూల్
 * Thai: ลิเวอร์พูล
 * Ukrainian: Ліверпу́ль
 * Urdu: لورپول
 * Uzbek: Liverpul
 * Veps: Liverpul'
 * Welsh: Lerpwl
 * Western Panjabi:
 * Yiddish: ליווערפּול

 * Bulgarian: Ли́върпул
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Japanese: リバプール
 * Latvian: Liverpūle
 * Macedonian: Ливерпул
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Liverpool
 * Russian: Ли́верпул
 * Spanish:

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: Liverpool


text:
Los Angeles

Etymology
An anglicized form of  , a clipping of          , taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin , “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli ( for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order.

Proper noun

 * , famed for being the center of the American film industry.

Translations

 * Amharic: ሎስ አንጄሌስ, ሎስ አንጀለስ
 * Arabic: لُوس أَنْجِلِس
 * Hijazi Arabic: لوس آنجلس
 * Armenian:, Լոս
 * Azerbaijani: Los-Anceles
 * Belarusian: Лос-А́нджэлес
 * Breton: Los Angeles
 * Bulgarian: Лос А́нджелис
 * Burmese: လော့အိန်ဂျယ်လိစ်, လော့စ်အိန်ဂျယ်လိစ်
 * Catalan: Los Angeles
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 洛杉磯, 羅省
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლოს-ანჯელესი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: לוס אנג׳לס
 * Hindi: लॉस ऐन्जेलिस
 * Irish: Cathair na nAingeal, Los Angeles
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ロサンゼルス, ロサンジェルス,,  羅府
 * Khmer: ឡូសអេនជឺលេស
 * Korean:, 나성, LA
 * Kyrgyz: Лос-Анжелес
 * Ladino: Los Andjeles
 * Lao: ລອດແອນເຈລິດ
 * Latin: Angelopolis, Angeli
 * Maori: Ngā Ānahera
 * Mingrelian: ლოს-ანჯელესი
 * Occitan: Los Angeles
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: Los Angeles
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scots: Los Angeles
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Лос Анџелес
 * Latin: Los Andželes
 * Sinhalese: ලොස් ඇන්ජලීස්
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ลอสแอนเจลิส
 * Tongva: Yaanga
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Лос-А́нджелес
 * Urdu: لاس اینجلس
 * Vietnamese: Lốt An giơ lét, Lốt
 * Welsh: Los Angeles
 * Yiddish: לאָס־אַנדזשעלעס

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  (city in California, United States)

Etymology
<

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: Los Angeles


text:
Louisiana

Etymology
From, named for King of France.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A vast territory in central North America:
 * 2) . (1682–1769; 1801–1803)
 * 3) . (1769–1801)
 * 4) . (1805–1812)
 * 5) The, and especially its athletic program, the.
 * 1) The, and especially its athletic program, the.
 * 1) The, and especially its athletic program, the.
 * 1) The, and especially its athletic program, the.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Louisiana
 * Antillean Creole: Lwizyann
 * Arabic: لُوِيزِيَانَا
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bengali: লুইজিয়ানা
 * Bulgarian: Луизиа́на
 * Catalan: Luisiana, Louisiana
 * Cherokee: ᎷᏫᏏᏰᎾ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: Louisiana, Luisiana
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Louisiana
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Luiziano
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: ლუიზიანა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: Lwizyàn
 * Hawaiian: Luikiana
 * Hindi: लुईज़ियाना, लूसियाना
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, Luisiana
 * Japanese: ルイジアナ, ルイジアナ州
 * Kabuverdianu:
 * ALUPEC: Luiziana
 * Badiu: Luiziana
 * Barlavento: Luiziana
 * São Vicente: Luiziana
 * Sotavento: Luiziana
 * Khmer: ល្វីហ្ស៊ីណា
 * Korean: ^루이지애나, ^루이지아나
 * Lao: ຫຼຍຊີອານາ, ຫຼຸຍຊຽນນາ
 * Latin: Lūdovīcia, Lūdovīciāna
 * Latvian: Luiziāna
 * Ligurian: Louisiann-a
 * Limburgish: Lousiana
 * Lithuanian: Luiziana
 * Louisiana Creole French: Lwizyann, Lwizyàn
 * Macedonian: Луизија́на
 * Marathi: लुईझियाना
 * Navajo: Tónteel Chʼínílį́
 * Norman: Louisianne, Louisiane
 * Occitan:
 * Ossetian: Луизианӕ
 * Persian: لوئیزیانا
 * Piedmontese: Luisian-a
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Luisiana,
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: लुईजियाना
 * Scots: Louisiana
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Луизиана
 * Roman: Luiziana
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ลุยเซียนา
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Луїзіа́на
 * Uzbek: Luiziana
 * Cyrillic: Луизиана
 * Yiddish: לויִזיאַנאַ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
From.

title: Louisiana


text:
Lusaka

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Lusaka
 * Arabic: لُوسَاكَا
 * Chichewa: Lusaka
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Lusaka
 * Dutch: Lusaka
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hebrew: לוסקה
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ^루사카
 * Marathi: लुसाका
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu: లుసాకా
 * Ukrainian: Луса́ка
 * Vietnamese: Lu-xa-ca

Proper noun
or

title: Lusaka


text:
madeira

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  wood

Etymology
<

Noun

 * 1) Madeira fortified wine produced on Madeira

Etymology
From, from. Cf. also.

Noun

 * 1) wood

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Cognates with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. , a borrowing.

Noun

 * 1)  wood substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree
 * 2) wood the wood of a particular species of tree
 * 3) a piece of timber
 * 4)  woodwind instrument
 * 1) a piece of timber
 * 2)  woodwind instrument
 * 1)  woodwind instrument

Interjection

 * 1) timber!;

Etymology 2
Shortening of, after the Portuguese island of Madeira.

Noun

 * 1) a type of fortified wine produced in the island of Madeira

title: madeira


text:
Majorca

Etymology
From ; the intermediate form was.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَيُورَقَة
 * Egyptian Arabic: مايوركا
 * Hijazi Arabic: ميورقة, مايوركا
 * Armenian: Մալյորկա
 * Azerbaijani: Malyorka
 * Basque: Mallorca
 * Belarusian: Мальёрка, Маёрка
 * Bulgarian: Майорка
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 馬略卡島
 * Czech:, Malorka
 * Danish: Mallorca
 * Dutch: Majorca
 * Esperanto: Majorko
 * Estonian: Mallorca
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მალიორკა
 * German:
 * Greek: Μαγιόρκα
 * Hebrew: מיורקה
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Mallarca
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: マジョルカ島, マヨルカ島
 * Korean: ^마조르카, ^마요르카
 * Latin: Balearis Maior
 * Latvian: Maļorka
 * Lithuanian: Maljorka
 * Macedonian: Мајо́рка
 * Maltese: Majorka
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Mallorca
 * Nynorsk: Mallorca
 * Occitan: Malhòrca
 * Persian: مایورکا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Mallorca
 * Russian: Майо́рка
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Маљорка, Мајорка
 * Roman: Maljorka, Mallorca
 * Slovak: Malorka
 * Slovene: Majorka
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: Mayorka
 * Ukrainian: Мальо́рка,

title: Majorca


text:
Maine

Etymology 1
From, named by its French explorers after the province in France with the same name, in turn named after the river with the same name that runs through it. From, from , from the name of the  tribe of. The word was rebracketed as +, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 曼恩
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Lao: ເມນ
 * Limburgish: Meen
 * Macedonian: Мен
 * Marathi: मेन
 * Occitan:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Arabic: مِين
 * Bulgarian: Мейн
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Maine
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Majno
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მენი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: मेन
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: メイン州
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ^메인
 * Lao: ເມນ
 * Latin: Cenomannica
 * Latvian: Meina
 * Macedonian: Мејн
 * Marathi: मेन
 * Navajo: Méíin hahoodzo
 * Occitan:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เมน
 * Turkish: Maine
 * Ukrainian: Мен
 * Yiddish: מעין

Etymology 2
From Maine.

Proper noun

 * , a variant of Main.

Etymology 4
From

Translations

 * Irish: An Mhaing

Etymology 5
From.

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  (US state)

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
From, from , from the name of the  tribe of. The word was rebracketed as +, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century.

Etymology 2
From earlier, from , of uncertain origin. .

Etymology
.

Etymology 1
, from, from , from , from the name of the  tribe of.

Etymology 2
, from, from , from the name of the  tribe of.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: Maine


text:
Manila

Etymology
From, from , from , 🇨🇬 from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Metro Manila, the National Capital Region (NCR).
 * 2)  The national government or administrative authority of the Philippines.
 * 1)  Metro Manila, the National Capital Region (NCR).
 * 2)  The national government or administrative authority of the Philippines.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Manila
 * Albanian: Manila
 * Amharic: ማኒላ
 * Arabic: مَانِيلَا
 * Armenian: Մանիլա
 * Azerbaijani: Manila
 * Basque: Manila
 * Belarusian: Мані́ла, Мані́ля
 * Bengali: ম্যানিলা
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian: Мани́ла
 * Burmese: မနီလာမြို့
 * Catalan: Manila
 * Cebuano: Manila
 * Chavacano: Manila
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 馬尼拉
 * Hokkien: 馬尼拉, 岷尼拉, 岷里拉
 * Mandarin:, 岷埠
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Farefare: Manila
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: मनीला
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Maníla
 * Ilocano: Manila
 * Indonesian: Manila
 * Irish: Mainile
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada: ಮನಿಲ
 * Kapampangan: Menila
 * Kazakh: Манила
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: مانیلا
 * Northern Kurdish: Manila
 * Kyrgyz: Манила
 * Lao: ມະນີລາ, ມານິລາ
 * Latvian: Manila
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: Манила
 * Malay: Manila
 * Malayalam: മനില
 * Maltese: Manila
 * Maori: Manira
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Navajo: Manííla
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Manila
 * Pashto: مانيلا
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sambal: Ibali
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ма̏нила
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese: මැනිලා
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: Manila
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Maynila
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: மணிலா
 * Tatar: Манила
 * Telugu: మనీలా
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: མ་ནི་ལ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Manila
 * Ukrainian: Мані́ла, Мані́ля
 * Urdu: منیلا
 * Uyghur: مانىلا
 * Uzbek: Manila
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: מאַנילאַ

Noun

 * 1) ; a Pacific clam.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Etymology
, from, from , 🇨🇬 from.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
, from, from , 🇨🇬 from.

Etymology
.

Etymology
From, from , from , 🇨🇬 from.

Etymology
, from, 🇨🇬 from.

Etymology
, itself from.

Etymology
From.

title: Manila


text:
Mantua

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Province of Lombardy, Italy.
 * 2) City and capital of Mantua.

Translations

 * Catalan: Màntua
 * Corsican: Mantova, Mantuva
 * Dutch: Mantua
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Lombard: Mantua, Mantoa
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Mântua
 * Russian:

 * Arabic: مانتوفا
 * Catalan: Màntua
 * Corsican: Mantova, Mantuva
 * Czech: Mantova
 * Dutch: Mantua
 * French:
 * Greek: Μάντουα,
 * Hebrew: מנטובה
 * Italian:
 * Latin: Mantua
 * Lombard: Mantua, Mantoa
 * Occitan: Màntoa
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Mântua
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: Màntuva
 * Spanish:

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. Compare.

Proper noun

 * 1) Mantua

title: Mantua


text:
Marseilles

Etymology
From, from , , from , probably from a pre-Latin language of Italy, perhaps.

Noun

 * 1) A kind of fabric made from two series of threads interlacing each other, thus forming a double cloth, quilted in the loom.

title: Marseilles


text:
Melanesia

Etymology
From (coined by ), from  +, referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Melanesië
 * Albanian: Melanesia
 * Amharic: መላኔዥያ
 * Arabic: مِيلَانِيزِيَا
 * Armenian: Մելանեզիա
 * Azerbaijani: Melaneziya
 * Belarusian: Мелане́зія, Мэланэ́зія
 * Bulgarian: Мелане́зия
 * Burmese: မီလန်နီးရှား
 * Catalan: Melanèsia
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Melanezio
 * Estonian: Melaneesia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: მელანეზია
 * German:
 * Greek: Μελανησία
 * Hebrew: מֶלַנֶזיה
 * Hindi: मॅलानिशिया
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Melanesía
 * Indonesian: Melenasia
 * Irish: Meilinéis
 * Italian: Melanesia
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh:
 * Korean: ^멜라네시아
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: Melanezya
 * Kyrgyz: Меланезия
 * Lao: ເມລາເນຊີ
 * Latvian: Melanēzija
 * Lithuanian: Melanezija
 * Macedonian: Меланезија
 * Malay: Melanesia
 * Maori: Meranihia
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Меланези
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Melanesia
 * Nynorsk: Melanesia
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Melanezia
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Мела̀не̄зија
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Melanézia
 * Slovene: Melanezija
 * Spanish: Melanesia
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Timpuluan, Melanesya
 * Tajik: Меланезия
 * Tatar: Меланезия
 * Thai: เมลานีเซีย
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Melaneziýa
 * Ukrainian: Мелане́зія
 * Urdu: میلانیشیا
 * Uyghur: مېلانېزىيە
 * Uzbek: Melaneziya
 * Vietnamese: Mê-la-nê-di
 * Volapük:
 * Yiddish: מעלאַנעזיע

Etymology
From, see 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From, see 🇨🇬.

title: Melanesia


text:
Milan

Etymology 1
From, , etc., from , , , etc. under influence from early forms of , from etc., from , q.v. As American settlements, typically after the Italian city.

Proper noun

 * , the province surrounding the city.
 * , the Italian city's football club/soccer team.
 * , the Italian city's football club/soccer team.

Translations

 * Arabic: مِيلَانُو
 * Hijazi Arabic: ميلانو, ميلان
 * Armenian: Միլան
 * Bulgarian: Милано
 * Catalan: Milà
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 米蘭
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: Milanu
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Milano
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Milano
 * Estonian: Milano
 * Farefare: Milan
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: Milan
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: מילנו
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: Milan
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ミラノ
 * Korean: 밀라노
 * Ladin: Milan
 * Latin: Mediōlānum
 * Latvian: Milāna
 * Lithuanian: Milanas
 * Macedonian: Мила́но
 * Marathi: मिलान
 * Norwegian: Milano
 * Old English: Mæġelan
 * Old Norse: Meilansborg, Meilangsborg, Melansborg
 * Ottoman Turkish: میلان, میلان شهری
 * Persian: میلان
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Milão
 * Romanian: Milano
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Милано
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: Milanu
 * Slovak: Miláno
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: milan
 * Turkish:

 * Armenian: Միլան
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 米蘭
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: Milanu
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:, მილანის პროვინცია
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Indonesian: Milan
 * Italian:
 * Ladin: Milan
 * Macedonian: Мила́но
 * Marathi: मिलान
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Milão
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: Milanu
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:

Etymology 2
From.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Hungarian:
 * Macedonian: Милан
 * Marathi: मिलान
 * Polish:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Милан
 * Roman: Milan

Proper noun

 * 1)  beer belly, beer gut
 * 1)  beer belly, beer gut

Usage notes
Patronymics
 * son of Milan: Milansson
 * daughter of Milan: Milansdóttir

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) kite

Proper noun

 * 1) the AC Milan football/soccer team

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

title: Milan


text:
Montevideo

Etymology
There is general agreement that the first two syllables come from or, in reference to the prominent hill to the west of the city. Beyond that, explanations differ. Two of the most popular stories are that the name comes from a reading of the abbreviated MONTE-VI-D-E-O ("sixth hill from east to west"), or that it comes from a Portuguese sailor's shout of "Monte vide eu".

Translations

 * Arabic: مُونْتِيفِيدِيُو
 * Bulgarian: Монтевиде́о
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Montevideo
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: Μοντεβιδέο
 * Hebrew: מונטווידאו, מוֹנְטֶבִידֶאוֹ
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ^몬테비데오
 * Latin: Mons Videi
 * Maltese: Montevideo
 * Persian: مونتویدئو
 * Portuguese:, Montevideu
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: Монтевіде́о
 * Vietnamese: Môn-tê-vi-đê-ô

Etymology
.

title: Montevideo


text:
Nairobi

Etymology
From, the name of the Nairobi river.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Nairobi
 * Amharic: ናይሮቢ
 * Arabic: نَيْرُوبِي
 * Armenian: Նայրոբի
 * Bengali: নাইরোবি
 * Catalan: Nairobi
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Nairobi
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ניירובי
 * Hindi: नायरोबी, नाइरोबी
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada: ನೈರೋಬಿ
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Maltese: Najrobi
 * Navajo: Naiwóobii
 * Occitan:
 * Persian: نایروبی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Најроби
 * Roman: Najrobi
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Nairobi
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ไนโรบี
 * Tibetan: ནའི་རོ་བི།
 * Vietnamese: Nai-rô-bi

title: Nairobi


text:
Nassau

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. The Bahamian city is named after the German one.

Translations

 * Arabic: نَاسَاو
 * Armenian: Նասաու
 * Asturian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Nassau
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: Nassau
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ნასაუ
 * German:
 * Greek: Νασσάου
 * Hebrew: נסאו
 * Hindi: नासाओ
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: Nassau
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ^나소
 * Maltese: Nassaw
 * Marathi: नॅसॉ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish: Nasáu
 * Thai: นัสซอ
 * Vietnamese: Na-xao

Noun

 * 1)  A wager consisting essentially of three separate bets, for the best score on each of the front nine (holes 1–9), back nine (holes 10–18), and total 18 holes.

Etymology
, from, from.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) any member of the

title: Nassau


text:
New England

Etymology
The name of the American region was.

Proper noun

 * , namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
 * 1) Other places in the United States:
 * 1) Other places in the United States:

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Nieu-Engeland
 * Albanian: Anglia e Re
 * Arabic: إِنْقِلْتِرَا الْجَدِيدَة
 * Aragonese: Nueva Anglaterra
 * Armenian: Նոր Անգլիա
 * Asturian: Nueva Inglaterra
 * Azerbaijani: Yeni İngiltərə
 * Basque: Ingalaterra Berria
 * Belarusian: Новая Англія
 * Breton: Bro-Saoz Nevez
 * Bulgarian: Нова Англия
 * Catalan: Nova Anglaterra
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Chuvash: Ҫӗнӗ Англи
 * Czech:
 * Danish: New England
 * Dutch: New England, Nieuw-Engeland
 * Esperanto: Nov-Anglio
 * Estonian: Uus-Inglismaa
 * Faroese: Nýongland
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ახალი ინგლისი
 * German:
 * Greek: Νέα Αγγλία
 * Hebrew: ניו אינגלנד
 * Hindi: न्यू इंग्लैंड
 * Hungarian: Új-Anglia
 * Icelandic: Nýja England
 * Ido: Nov Anglia
 * Interlingua: Nove Anglaterra
 * Irish: Sasana Nua
 * Italian: Nuova Inghilterra
 * Japanese: ニューイングランド
 * Kannada: ನ್ಯೂ ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್
 * Kazakh: Жаңа Англия
 * Korean: ^뉴잉글랜드
 * Latin: Nova Anglia
 * Latvian: Jaunanglija
 * Limburgish: Nui Ingeland
 * Lithuanian: Naujoji Anglija
 * Macedonian: Нова Англија
 * Malayalam: ന്യൂ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്
 * Manx: Sostyn Noa
 * Marathi: न्यू इंग्लंड
 * Norman: Nouvelle Angliétèrre
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: New England
 * Occitan: Nòva Anglatèrra
 * Persian: نیو انگلند
 * Polish: Nowa Anglia
 * Portuguese: Nova Inglaterra
 * Punjabi: ਨਿਊ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ
 * Romanian: Noua Anglie
 * Russian:
 * Sardinian: Noa Inghilterra
 * Scots: New Ingland
 * Scottish Gaelic: Sasainn Nuadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Нова Енглеска
 * Roman: Nova Engleska
 * Slovak: Nové Anglicko
 * Slovene: Nova Anglija
 * Sorbian:
 * Upper Sorbian: Nowa Jendźelska
 * Spanish: Nueva Inglaterra
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Bagong Inglatera
 * Tamil: நியூ இங்கிலாந்து
 * Telugu: న్యూ ఇంగ్లండ్
 * Thai: นิวอิงแลนด์
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: Нова Англія
 * Urdu: نیو انگلینڈ
 * Uzbek: Yangi Angliya
 * Welsh: Lloegr Newydd
 * West Frisian: Nij-Ingelân
 * Western Panjabi: نیو انگلینڈ

title: New England


text:
New Ireland

Proper noun

 * 1) An island of the Bismarck Archipelago, a German colony from 1884 to 1921; governed by Australia from 1921 and then by Papua New Guinea from 1975 to the present day.
 * 2)  A Crown colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain established in what is now the state of Maine, U.S., after British forces captured the area during the American Revolutionary War and again during the War of 1812.
 * 3)  A proposed renaming of Prince Edward Island, led by then lieutenant governor  in 1770.
 * 4)  A short-lived territory proclaimed by the  in Australia.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Neumecklenburg
 * Marathi: नवा आयर्लंड, न्यू आयर्लंड
 * Norwegian: New Ireland
 * Portuguese: Nova Irlanda
 * Tok Pisin: Nu Ailan

title: New Ireland


text:
power-up

Etymology
, equivalent to 🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  An item that alters the game in a positive way once that item is used.

title: power-up


text:
stressor

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An environmental condition or influence that stresses (i.e. causes stress for) an organism.

Derived terms

 * technostressor

title: stressor


text:
cruciform

Adjective

 * 1) Having the shape of a cross.

Translations

 * Arabic: صَلِيبِيّ
 * Bulgarian: кръстовиден
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 十字形的
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: krucoforma
 * Finnish: ristinmuotoinen
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: crosdealbhach
 * Italian: ,
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: korsformet
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: cruciforme
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1)  A cross shape in DNA; a Holliday junction.
 * 2) Any emblem in the shape of a cross.

Translations

 * Dutch: kruisvorm

Etymology
.

title: cruciform


text:
cross

Etymology
From, , from , perhaps from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), perhaps from  (cruci). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. In this sense displaced native 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬; see. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.

Noun

 * 1) A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
 * 2)  Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
 * 3) A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).
 * 4)   The Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified.
 * 5)  A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross; sign of the Cross.
 * 6)  Any representation of the Crucifix, as in religious architecture, burial markers, jewelery, etc.
 * 7)  A difficult situation that must be endured.
 * 8) The act of going across; the act of passing from one side to the other
 * 9)  An animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization.
 * 10)  A hybrid of any kind.
 * 11)  A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.
 * 12)  A pass in which the ball is kicked from a side of the pitch to a position close to the opponent’s goal.
 * 13) A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
 * 14) A monument that marks such a place. (Also common in UK or Irish place names such as Charing Cross)
 * 15)  A coin stamped with the figure of a cross, or that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
 * 16)  Church lands.
 * 17) A line across or through another line.
 * 18)  An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
 * 19) A pipe-fitting with four branches whose axes usually form a right angle.
 * 20)  Four edge cubies of one side that are in their right places, forming the shape of a cross.
 * 21)  The thirty-sixth Lenormand card.
 * 22)  Crossfire.
 * 1) A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
 * 2) A monument that marks such a place. (Also common in UK or Irish place names such as Charing Cross)
 * 3)  A coin stamped with the figure of a cross, or that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
 * 4)  Church lands.
 * 5) A line across or through another line.
 * 6)  An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
 * 7) A pipe-fitting with four branches whose axes usually form a right angle.
 * 8)  Four edge cubies of one side that are in their right places, forming the shape of a cross.
 * 9)  The thirty-sixth Lenormand card.
 * 10)  Crossfire.
 * 1)  The thirty-sixth Lenormand card.
 * 2)  Crossfire.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: صَلِيب
 * Egyptian Arabic: صليب
 * Archi: хъанч
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: խաչ
 * Aromanian: crutsi, crutse
 * Asturian:
 * Avar: хъанч
 * Azerbaijani:, səlib
 * Basque: gurutz
 * Bavarian: Greiz
 * Belarusian: крыж, хрэст
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Caló: trijul
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: жӏара, жӏар
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Crimean Tatar: haç
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: crauc
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kruco
 * Estonian: rist
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: crôs
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: Chrüüz
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: kwa
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , क्रूश
 * Hungarian:
 * Hunsrik: Kreiz
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: crois
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kabardian:
 * Karachay-Balkar: къач
 * Karakalpak: atanaq
 * Kashubian: krziż
 * Kazakh: крест, кірес
 * Khmer: ជើងក្អែក
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خاچ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: крест
 * Lao: ກາກະບາດ
 * Latgalian: krysts
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Lezgi: хаш
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German: Krüüz
 * Luxembourgish: Kräiz
 * Macedonian: крст
 * Malay:, , pangkah , salib
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: salib
 * Mongolian:
 * Navajo: ałnáʼázdzoh
 * Norman: crouaix
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Ojibwe: aazhideyaatig
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: крьстъ
 * Old East Slavic: крьстъ
 * Ossetian: дзуар
 * Ottoman Turkish: خاچ
 * Pashto: ,
 * Pennsylvania German: Greiz
 * Persian:, ,
 * Picard: croé
 * Plautdietsch: Kjriez
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: chaka, chakana
 * Romani: truśul
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Samogitian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кри̑ж, кр̏ст
 * Roman: ,
 * Sinhalese: කුරුසය
 * Slovak: kríž
 * Slovene:, križec
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: kśica
 * Upper Sorbian: křiž
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: салиб, чалипо, хоҷ
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu: శిలువ
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: haç
 * Udi: хач
 * Ukrainian: хрест,
 * Urdu: صلیب
 * Uyghur: كرېسىت
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese:, thập giá,
 * Vilamovian: krojc
 * Welsh: crwys,
 * West Flemish: kruus
 * Yiddish: צלם
 * Yup'ik: kelistaq

 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: tsįh iłná'ááhí
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: խաչ
 * Bashkir: тәре
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: жаӀар
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Kalmyk: кире
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German: Krüüz
 * Macedonian: крст
 * Malayalam:
 * Mongolian:
 * Picard: croé
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , sautor
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: శిలువ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: хрест
 * Yakut: кириэс

 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: tsįh iłná'ááhí
 * Arabic: صَلِيب
 * Egyptian Arabic: صليب
 * Aramaic:
 * Hebrew Script: צליבא
 * Syriac: ܨܠܝܒܐ, ܙܩܝܦܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: խաչ
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:, səlib
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: жаӀар
 * Cherokee: ᏓᏓᎿᏩᏍᏛ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dalmatian: crauc
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: krossur
 * Finnish:, ristinpuu
 * Franco-Provençal: crouèx
 * French:
 * Friulian: crôs
 * Gagauz: stavroz
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σταυρός
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: cros
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: айқыш
 * Khmer: ឈើឆ្កាង
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خاچ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Ladino: hach, kruz, istavroz
 * Lao: ໄມ້ກາງແຂນ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Low German: Krüüz
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: salib
 * Malayalam:
 * Maore Comorian: muri wa pawa
 * Maori: rīpeka
 * Meru: mutharaba
 * Northern Thai: ᨾᩱ᩶ᨠᩣ᩠ᨦᨡᩮ᩠ᨶ
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Ojibwe: aazhideyaatig
 * Old English:
 * Ottoman Turkish: خاچ
 * Persian:, , خاچ,
 * Picard: croé
 * Plautdietsch: Kjriez
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois
 * Shan: သဝ်မႆႉဝႃးမိုဝ်း
 * Slovak: kríž
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tai Dam: ꪼꪣ꫁ꪖ꪿ꪱꪉꪵꪄꪙ
 * Tajik: салиб
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: శిలువ
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: хрест
 * Urdu: صلیب
 * Vietnamese:
 * Vilamovian: kroüc
 * West Flemish: kruus
 * Yiddish: צלם
 * Yup'ik: kelistaq

 * Arabic: صَلِيب
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: խաչափայտ
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic:
 * Azerbaijani:, səlib
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Cherokee: ᏓᏓᎿᏩᏍᏛ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:, ristinpuu
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σταυρός
 * Hindi:, क्रूस
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: айқыш
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خاچ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Low German: Krüüz
 * Macedonian: распе́тие
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: salib
 * Malayalam:
 * Manchu: ᡥᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᡨᡝᡥᡝ
 * Maori: Rīpeka
 * Meru: mutharaba
 * Ngazidja Comorian: mswalaɓa
 * Old English:
 * Persian:, , , خاچ
 * Picard: croé
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: розп'я́ття
 * Urdu: صلیب, سُولی
 * Vietnamese: Thánh Giá
 * Yup'ik: kelistaq

 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: суҡыныу
 * Bulgarian: кръстене
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: პირჯვარი
 * German: Kreuzzeichen
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido: ,
 * Indonesian: tanda salib
 * Italian: segno della croce
 * Latvian:
 * Low German: Krüüzteken
 * Macedonian: крстење
 * Malayalam:
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:, , znak krzyża
 * Portuguese: sinal da cruz
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: znak križa
 * Spanish: santiguamiento,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, korstecken
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: хресне знамення
 * Vietnamese: dấu Thánh Giá

 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Low German: Krüüz
 * Malayalam:, വിഷമ സ്ഥിതി
 * Mongolian: зовлон зүдүүр
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: кръстоска
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Indonesian: biak silang,
 * Italian:
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: krysning
 * Nynorsk: krysning
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, , , korsningsprodukt,
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:

 * Armenian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: direct du bras arrière
 * German:
 * Irish: deasóg trasna, ciotóg trasna
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: cios prosty
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Thai: หมัดตรง
 * Ukrainian: крос

 * Bulgarian: центриране
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 横传
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: krossboll,
 * Turkish:

Adjective

 * 1) Transverse; lying across the main direction.
 * At the end of each row were cross benches which linked the rows.
 * 1)  Opposite, opposed to.
 * His actions were perversely cross to his own happiness.
 * 1)  Opposing, adverse; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for.
 * , New York Review of Books, 2001, p.50:
 * As a fat body is more subject to diseases, so are rich men to absurdities and fooleries, to many casualties and cross inconveniences.
 * 1) * 1694,, Christianity Mysterious, and the Wisdom of God in Making it So (sermon preached at Westminster Abbey on April 29, 1694)
 * The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvellously cross to the common experience of mankind.
 * 1)  Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed.
 * She was rather cross about missing her train on the first day of the job.
 * Please don't get cross at me. (or) Please don't get cross with me.
 * 1) * 1650/1651,, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living
 * He had received a cross answer from his mistress.
 * 1) Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged.
 * cross interrogatories
 * cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other
 * 1)  Of the sea, having two wave systems traveling at oblique angles, due to the wind over shifting direction or the waves of two storm systems meeting.
 * 1) Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged.
 * cross interrogatories
 * cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other
 * 1)  Of the sea, having two wave systems traveling at oblique angles, due to the wind over shifting direction or the waves of two storm systems meeting.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:, poikittaissuuntainen, ristikkäinen
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene: prečen
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, , ristikkäinen
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Turkish:, karşısında
 * Ukrainian:

 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: नाराज़
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Maori: riri, pukuriri
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: crosta
 * Spanish:, , de morros
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Urdu: ناراض

Preposition

 * 1)  Across.
 * 2) The cross product of the previous vector and the following vector.
 * 1) The cross product of the previous vector and the following vector.
 * 1) The cross product of the previous vector and the following vector.

Related terms

 * (the multiplication sign)
 * (the multiplication sign)

Translations

 * Arabic:, خِلَال
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Portuguese: produto vetorial

Verb

 * 1) To make or form a cross.
 * 2) To place across or athwart; to cause to intersect.
 * 3) To lay or draw something across, such as a line.
 * 4) To mark with an X.
 * 5) To write lines of text at right angles to and over the top of one another in order to save paper.undefined
 * 6)  To make the sign of the cross over oneself.
 * 7)  To make the sign of the cross over (something or someone).
 * 8)  To mark a cross against the name of (a student) in the buttery or kitchen, so that they cannot get food there.
 * 9) * 2022, Andrew Lang, Oxford
 * The reign of Mary was scarcely more favourable to letters. No one knew what to be at in religion. In Magdalen no one could be found to say Mass, the fellows were turned out, the undergraduates were whipped — boyish martyrs — and crossed at the buttery.
 * 1) To move relatively.
 * 2)  To go from one side of (something) to the other.
 * 3)  To travel in a direction or path that will intersect with that of another.
 * 4)  To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time.
 * 5) * November 4, 1866,, letter to E. C. Batten Esq.
 * Your kind letter crossed mine.
 * 1)  Relative movement by a player or of players.
 * 2)  Of both batsmen, to pass each other when running between the wickets in order to score runs.
 * 3)  To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.
 * 4)  To score a try.
 * 5)  To oppose.
 * 6)  To contradict (another) or frustrate the plans of.
 * 7)  To interfere and cut off ; to debar.
 * 8)  To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
 * 9)  To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.
 * 10)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
 * 1) * November 4, 1866,, letter to E. C. Batten Esq.
 * Your kind letter crossed mine.
 * 1)  Relative movement by a player or of players.
 * 2)  Of both batsmen, to pass each other when running between the wickets in order to score runs.
 * 3)  To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.
 * 4)  To score a try.
 * 5)  To oppose.
 * 6)  To contradict (another) or frustrate the plans of.
 * 7)  To interfere and cut off ; to debar.
 * 8)  To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
 * 9)  To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.
 * 10)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
 * 1)  To interfere and cut off ; to debar.
 * 2)  To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
 * 3)  To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.
 * 4)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
 * 1)  To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.
 * 2)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
 * 1)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
 * 1)  To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.

Translations

 * Danish: krydse
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Hungarian:, keresztbe tesz, keresztbe rak,
 * Italian:
 * Spanish:

 * Azerbaijani: çarpazlamaq, çataqlamaq
 * Catalan:, fer creuar
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: faciō intersecāre
 * Portuguese:, fazer cruzar
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, lägga i kors

 * Esperanto: krucmarki
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Japanese: ×印を付ける
 * Malay: pangkah
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Ainu: トモツ゜イェ
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:, kəsib keçmək
 * Belarusian: перасяка́ць, перасе́кчы
 * Bulgarian:, пресека́
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:, ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: krydse
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: transiri, krucigi
 * Farefare: puuge
 * Finnish:, mennä yli , mennä poikki
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: περάω
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: téigh trasna
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پەڕاندن
 * Lao:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: krustot, šķērsot, pāriet
 * Macedonian: преминува, преодува, пресекува
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: whiti
 * Mongolian:
 * Ngazidja Comorian: shilia
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua: chimpay
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Slovene: prečkati
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Tày: băng, phổng
 * Ukrainian: перетина́ти, перетну́ти
 * Vietnamese: đi qua, băng qua

 * Bulgarian:, пресека́
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kruci
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Latvian: krustot, šķērsot
 * Macedonian: пресекува
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian:, противоде́йствам
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: astua tielle,
 * French: ,
 * German: plan,,  person
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, , , , útját állja, útjába áll
 * Italian: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, , gå i vägen för,

 * Belarusian: хрысці́цца, перахрысці́цца
 * Bulgarian: кръстя
 * Danish: korse sig, korsets tegn
 * Finnish: tehdä ristinmerkki
 * French: faire le signe de la croix,
 * Galician: persignar
 * German: sich bekreuzigen
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 十字を切る
 * Macedonian: крсти, прекрстува, прекрсти
 * Portuguese: persignar-se, fazer o sinal da cruz
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: прекрижити
 * Roman:
 * Slovene: se prekrižati
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: korstecknet
 * Ukrainian: хрести́тися, перехрести́тися
 * Yup'ik: puusuq

 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: krydse
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: crosáil
 * Macedonian: вкрстува
 * Mongolian: эрлийзжүүлэх
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene: križati
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: схре́щувати, схрести́ти

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cross-country

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) motocross
 * 2)  (boxing punch, tennis shot)
 * 3) slice (golf shot)

Etymology
From, borrowed from , borrowed from , borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1) A  or gibbet wooden frame for execution.
 * 2) The Holy Cross; Christ's cross.
 * 3) A representation of a ; the cross as a Christian symbol:
 * 4)  A  in heraldry.
 * 5) A crucifix cross-shaped structure.
 * 6) A crosier clerical staff
 * 7) The intersection of drawn lines, especially as a signature.
 * 8) Crucifixion; nailing to a.
 * 9) Suffering, penury.
 * 10)  Christianity; the Christian religion.
 * 11) The sign of the cross.
 * 1) The sign of the cross.

Noun

 * 1) a ball hit more or less diagonally across the playing field
 * 2)  a
 * 3)  a cross-court
 * 4) motocross (or similar sports)
 * 5) a motorbike (small and light motorcycle (as used in or similar to those used in motocross))
 * 1) a motorbike (small and light motorcycle (as used in or similar to those used in motocross))

title: cross


text:
pun

Etymology 1
From, , , from , , from. See. As a kind of word play, from the notion of "beating" the words into place.

Verb

 * 1)  To beat; strike with force; to ram; to pound, as in a mortar; reduce to powder, to pulverize.
 * 2)  To make or tell a pun; to make a play on words.
 * 1)  To make or tell a pun; to make a play on words.

Noun

 * 1) A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.

Translations

 * Albanian:, lojë fjalësh
 * Arabic: لُعْبَة اَلْكَلِمَات, جِنَاس
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: каламбур, гульня слоў
 * Bulgarian: игрословица,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: slovní hříčka
 * Danish: ordspil
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kalemburo, vortludo
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: კალამბური, ზმა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: מִשְׂחַק מִלִּים,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: orðaleikur
 * Ido:
 * Irish: imeartas focal
 * Italian: gioco di parole, ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: каламбур, игра на зборови
 * Malay: jenakata
 * Maori: kupu angarua
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: ordspel
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cainnt-chluich
 * Spanish:, , , doble sentido,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: bangkiwi, paritugma, paandar
 * Telugu:
 * Tibetan: ཚིག་རྩེད
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: ווערטערשפּיל

Etymology 2
From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A certain number of cowries, generally 80.

Conjunction

 * 1) because

Etymology
From, pānem.

Noun

 * 1)  bread

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬), from, from.

Noun

 * 1) tree

Etymology
Inherited from.

Adverb

 * 1) also, too
 * 2) even, though, although, nevertheless
 * 3) besides
 * 4) any, every
 * 1) besides
 * 2) any, every

Etymology
,, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) trunk of a tree
 * 2) origin, source

Alternative forms

 * (informal, slang)

Adverb

 * 1) also
 * 2) even

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) Punic, Carthaginian

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) full, filled
 * 2) fleshy, plump
 * 3) full, complete
 * 4) occupied (of room)
 * 1) occupied (of room)

Noun

 * 1)  the sound of discharging a firearm
 * 2)  the sound of flatulence
 * 1)  the sound of flatulence

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) origin
 * 2) beginning

title: pun


text:
Wade-Giles

Etymology
1943, from the surnames of Thomas Wade and Herbert Giles, who developed the system in the 19th century.

Proper noun

 * 1) A system for transcribing the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese into the Latin alphabet; formally uses hyphens and the spiritus asper apostrophe.

Usage notes

 * This term is very often used attributively, as in Wade–Giles romanization, Wade–Giles spelling, Wade–Giles system, Wade–Giles transcription, Wade–Giles transliteration, Wade–Giles version, and so on. Some of these terms refer to the system itself; others refer to the transcriptions of specific words under this system; most can be used both ways. While the shorter form "Wade" technically only refers to the versions of the system prior to Giles's contributions, it was in practice often used as a synonym for the final version.

Translations

 * Arabic: وَيْد–جَيْلْز, وِيد–جِيلْز
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 威妥瑪拼音
 * Mandarin:, 威翟式拼音, 韋氏拼音
 * Finnish: Wade-Giles-järjestelmä
 * Georgian: ვეიდ-ჯაილზი
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^웨이드-^자일스
 * Macedonian: Вејд-Џајлс
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: Уэ́йд-Джа́йлз
 * Thai:

Proper noun

 * 1)  transcription system for Mandarin

title: Wade-Giles


text:
step-

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Related to 🇨🇬. Not, however, related to the familiar English noun or verb.

Prefix

 * 1) A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: ögey
 * Bashkir: үгәй
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Crimean Tatar: ögey
 * Danish: sted-
 * Dutch: stief- (e.g. stiefdochter, stiefmoeder, stiefvader, stiefzoon)
 * Faroese: stjúk-
 * Finnish:
 * French:, bel-,
 * German:
 * Hebrew:, חורגת
 * Hindi:, सौतेली
 * Icelandic: stjúp-
 * Ido: stif-,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: leas-
 * Italian:, astra, -astra
 * Javanese:
 * Kazakh: өгей
 * Maori: whakaangi
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: ӧгай
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ste-
 * Nynorsk: ste-
 * Old Norse: stjúp-
 * Portuguese: -asto, -asta
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: -astro, -astra
 * Swahili: kambo
 * Swedish:
 * Tatar:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: öweý
 * Yiddish: שטיפֿ־

Etymology
From, from , from.

The short vowel is due to regular shortening of long vowels before consonant clusters in Early Middle English. All of the words that stēop- was prefixed to in Old English were consonant-initial, so shortening occurred exceptionlessly.

Prefix

 * 1)  related through the marriage of a parent

title: step-


text:
consanguinity

Etymology
From, , , from and , accusative of , from , from  + , from.

Noun

 * 1) A consanguineous or family relationship through parentage or descent. A blood relationship.
 * 2) * 1776, United States Declaration of Independence
 * They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.
 * 1) Inbreeding
 * 1) Inbreeding

Related terms

 * consanguineous
 * consanguinuity

Translations

 * Arabic: قَرَابَة عَصَب, قَرَابَة دَم
 * Egyptian Arabic: قرابة
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Coptic: ⲣⲁϯ
 * Danish: konsangvinitet
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, veriheimolaisuus, veriveljeys
 * French:
 * Georgian: სისხლით ნათესაობა
 * German:
 * Greek: συγγένεια εξ αίματος
 * Hebrew: קרבת-דם
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: consanguinità
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: cōnsanguinitās
 * Manx: mooinjerys folley
 * Norwegian: konsangvinitet
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, consanguinitate
 * Russian: кро́вные у́зы, кро́вное родство́
 * Spanish: consanguinidad
 * Swedish:

title: consanguinity


text:
kinsman

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A male relative.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: slægtning, frænde, ætling
 * Faroese: ættarmaður
 * Finnish: miespuolinen sukulainen
 * French:
 * Georgian: ნათესავი, სახლიკაცი
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: συγγενής, πηός
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: gentilis
 * Norwegian:, ætting, ættfar
 * Occitan:
 * Old Norse: frændi, niðr
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: ро́дич

title: kinsman


text:
kinswoman

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A female relative.

Translations

 * Danish: frænke
 * Finnish: naispuolinen sukulainen
 * Georgian: ნათესავი (ქალი)
 * German:, , ,
 * Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌾𐍉
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: συγγενής
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian: frenke
 * Old Norse: frænka
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: ро́дичка

title: kinswoman


text:
cohort

Etymology
From (stem ); borrowed into  as, but reintroduced into  as  and  via. .

Noun

 * 1) A group of people supporting the same thing or person.
 * 2)  A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic.
 * The 18-24 cohort shows a sharp increase in automobile fatalities over the proximate age groupings.
 * 1)  Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).
 * Three cohorts of men were assigned to the region.
 * 1) An accomplice; abettor; associate.
 * He was able to plea down his sentence by revealing the names of three of his cohorts, as well as the source of the information.
 * 1) Any band or body of warriors.
 * 2)  A natural group of orders of organisms, less comprehensive than a class.
 * 3) A colleague.
 * 4) A set of individuals in a program, especially when compared to previous sets of individuals within the same program.
 * 1) An accomplice; abettor; associate.
 * He was able to plea down his sentence by revealing the names of three of his cohorts, as well as the source of the information.
 * 1) Any band or body of warriors.
 * 2)  A natural group of orders of organisms, less comprehensive than a class.
 * 3) A colleague.
 * 4) A set of individuals in a program, especially when compared to previous sets of individuals within the same program.
 * 1)  A natural group of orders of organisms, less comprehensive than a class.
 * 2) A colleague.
 * 3) A set of individuals in a program, especially when compared to previous sets of individuals within the same program.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech: kohorta
 * Esperanto: kohorto
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Macedonian: истомисле́ници
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: seguidores, seguidoras
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Slovak: kohorta
 * Spanish:, cohorte

 * Catalan:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: კოჰორტა
 * German:, ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: шоғырланым, шоғартоп
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: kohorta
 * Slovene: kohorta
 * Spanish: cohorte

 * Basque: kohorte
 * Belarusian: каго́рта
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: kohorta
 * Esperanto: kohorto
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ко́хорт
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: kohorta
 * Slovene: kohorta
 * Spanish: cohorte
 * Ukrainian:

Verb

 * 1) To associate with such a group

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  group of people supporting the same thing
 * 2)  demographic grouping of people
 * 3)  division of a Roman legion

title: cohort


text:
New York

Etymology
🇰🇲. While sharing a name with the city in northern England, the American place name originated with the English colonial (previously Dutch colony ), named in 1664 by  for his younger brother James, Duke of York, to whom the land was granted; New York's eponymous Duke of York himself was later crowned.

Proper noun

 * 1)  and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.
 * , a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan.
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * , a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan.
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * , a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan.
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).
 * 1)  (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E).

Translations

 * Afrikaans: New York
 * Albanian: Nju Jork
 * American Sign Language: Y@Palm-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp Sidetoside
 * Amharic: ኒው ዮርክ
 * Arabic: نِيُويُورْك, نِيُو يُورْك
 * Moroccan Arabic: نيو يورك
 * Aragonese: Nueva York
 * Armenian: Նյու Յորք
 * Asturian: Nueva York
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: Нью-Ёрк
 * Bengali: নিউ ইয়র্ক
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian: Ню Йорк
 * Catalan: Nova York
 * Cherokee: ᏄᏯᎩ, ᏄᏲᎩ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 紐約州, 紐約
 * Hakka: 紐約州, 紐約
 * Hokkien: 紐約州, 紐約
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Cornish: Evrek Nowydh
 * Corsican: New York, Nova York
 * Czech:
 * Danish: New York
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Novjorkio, Nov-Jorkio
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, New Yorkin osavaltio
 * French:, État de New York
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ნიუ-იორკი, ნიუ-იორკის შტატი
 * German:, New-York, Neuyork (obsolete)
 * Greek:, Πολιτεία Νέας Υόρκης
 * Haitian Creole: Nou Yòk
 * Hawaiian: Nuioka
 * Hebrew: נְיוּ יוֹרְק
 * Hindi: न्यूयॉर्क, न्यू यार्क
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Nýja Jórvík, New York
 * Indonesian: New York
 * Irish: Nua-Eabhrac, Stát Nua-Eabhrac
 * Italian:, , Stato di New York
 * Jamaican Creole: Nyuu Yaak
 * Japanese:, , ニューヨーク州
 * Kannada: ನ್ಯೂಯಾರ್ಕ್
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: ញូវយ៉ក
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: Nû York,
 * Kyrgyz: Жаңы Йорк,
 * Ladino: Mueva York
 * Lao: ນີວຢອກ
 * Latin: Novum Eboracum, Nova Eboraca, Neo-Eboracum
 * Latvian: Ņujorka
 * Lithuanian:, Niujorko valstija
 * Luxembourgish: New York
 * Macedonian: Њујорк
 * Malay: New York
 * Maori: Niu Ioka
 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क
 * Mongolian: Нью-Йорк
 * Navajo: Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá Hahoodzo
 * Neapolitan: Nova York
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: New York
 * Occitan:, Nuòva York
 * Pennsylvania German: Nei Yarrick
 * Persian:
 * Piedmontese: Neuva York
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Sardinian: Noa York, New York
 * Scots: New York
 * Scottish Gaelic: Eabhraig Nuadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Њујорк
 * Roman: Njujork, New York
 * Sicilian: New York, Nova Jorca, Nova Jorki, Nova York
 * Sinhalese: නිව්යෝක්
 * Slovak: New York
 * Spanish:, estado de Nueva York
 * Swedish:, staten New York
 * Tagalog: Bagong York, New York
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: நியூ யோர்க்
 * Telugu: న్యూయార్క్
 * Thai: นิวยอร์ก
 * Turkish:, Nevyok
 * Turkmen: Nýu-Ýork
 * Ukrainian: Нью-Йо́рк
 * Urdu: نْیُو یارْک
 * Uyghur: نيۇيورك
 * Uzbek: Nyu-York
 * Vietnamese: Nữu Ước, Niu Oóc
 * Welsh: Efrog Newydd, Talaith Efrog Newydd
 * West Frisian: New York
 * Yiddish: ניו־יאָרק

 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क

 * Marathi: न्यू-यॉर्क
 * Russian: ,
 * Ukrainian: Нью-Йо́рк,

 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क

 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क

 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क

 * Marathi: न्यू यॉर्क

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
From.

Declension

 * In New York = New Yorkissa

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: New York


text:
nice

Alternative forms

 * (slang)
 * (slang)

Etymology 1
From, , , from , , , from ; compare , from +.

Adjective

 * 1)  Pleasant, satisfactory.
 * 2)  Of a person: friendly, attractive.
 * 3) Respectable; virtuous.
 * 4)  ; pleasantly, quite.
 * 5)  Giving a favorable review or having a favorable impression.
 * For Candy Crush Saga, the critics were far nicer than the audience (7.9/10 vs. 3.2/10).
 * 1)  Showing refinement or delicacy, proper, seemly
 * 2)  Silly, ignorant; foolish.
 * 3)  Particular in one's conduct; scrupulous, painstaking; choosy.
 * 4)  Having particular tastes; fussy, fastidious.
 * 5)  Particular as regards rules or qualities; strict.
 * 6) Showing or requiring great precision or sensitive discernment; subtle.
 * 7)  Easily injured; delicate; dainty.
 * 8)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.
 * 1)  Silly, ignorant; foolish.
 * 2)  Particular in one's conduct; scrupulous, painstaking; choosy.
 * 3)  Having particular tastes; fussy, fastidious.
 * 4)  Particular as regards rules or qualities; strict.
 * 5) Showing or requiring great precision or sensitive discernment; subtle.
 * 6)  Easily injured; delicate; dainty.
 * 7)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.
 * 1)  Particular as regards rules or qualities; strict.
 * 2) Showing or requiring great precision or sensitive discernment; subtle.
 * 3)  Easily injured; delicate; dainty.
 * 4)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.
 * 1) Showing or requiring great precision or sensitive discernment; subtle.
 * 2)  Easily injured; delicate; dainty.
 * 3)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.
 * 1)  Easily injured; delicate; dainty.
 * 2)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.
 * 1)  Doubtful, as to the outcome; risky.

Usage notes
Sometimes used sarcastically to mean the opposite or to connote excess:

Synonyms

 * /appetizing, delicious, moreish, scrummy , scrumptious , tasty
 * /appetizing, delicious, moreish, scrummy , scrumptious , tasty
 * /appetizing, delicious, moreish, scrummy , scrumptious , tasty

Translations

 * American Sign Language: OpenB@BasePalm-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp OpenB@Finger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp
 * Arabic:, لَطِيف
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Basque: atsegin
 * Belarusian:, мі́лы, прые́мны, фа́йны
 * Belizean Creole: nais
 * Bulgarian:, , , , го́тин
 * Catalan:
 * Chickasaw: chokma
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: meeldiv
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, , ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Alemannic German: nett
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: deas
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin: lepidus
 * Louisiana Creole French: joli, jenti, vayan
 * Maori: hūmārika, hūmārie
 * Marathi: छान
 * Middle English: wynly
 * Norman: genti
 * Norwegian:, sympatisk
 * Old English wynlīċ
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: laghach
 * Slovak: príjemný, milý
 * Somali: fiican
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tok Pisin: naispela
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian:, фа́йний, приє́мний, ми́лий
 * Vietnamese:

 * American Sign Language: OpenB@BasePalm-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp OpenB@Finger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp
 * Basque: eder
 * Belarusian: мі́лы, фа́йны
 * Bulgarian:, , го́тин
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:, , ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Estonian: kena
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French: ,
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: deas
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Maori: ranginamu
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: snog
 * Slovak: pekný, krásny
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Tok Pisin: naispela
 * Ukrainian: ми́лий, фа́йний, прива́бливий

 * Arabic: طَيِّب, عَطِر
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian:
 * Maori: kakara
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Telugu:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: hienovarainen, tarkkuutta vaativa
 * German:, ,
 * Latin: mundus
 * Norwegian:
 * Russian:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:

 * Mandarin: (yírén de)
 * Vietnamese:

Adverb

 * 1)  Nicely.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Gulf Arabic: حلو
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: hyvin tehty,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Swedish: ,

Noun

 * 1) niceness.

Etymology 2
Name of a Unix program used to invoke a script or program with a specified priority, with the implication that running at a lower priority is "nice" (kind, etc.) because it leaves more resources for others.

Verb

 * 1)  To run a process with a specified (usually lower) priority.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
, inherited from.

Adjective

 * 1)  candid, naive

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  good, nice

Etymology
.

Etymology 1
From, from , equative form of. See, cognate to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) many

Etymology 2
Ultimately from.

Adverb

 * 1)  how

title: nice


text:
Nicosia

Etymology
From and, from , variant of , equivalent to  or  + , but deriving from various  forms including , , and  adapting an early or pre-Greek name variously recorded as , , , , etc..

Proper noun

 * 1)  around the city.
 * 1)  around the city.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Nikosia
 * Arabic: نِيقُوسِيَا, لِفْقُسِيَة
 * Hijazi Arabic: نيقوسيا, لِفْقُسِيَّة
 * Armenian: Նիկոսիա
 * Belarusian: Нікасі́я
 * Bulgarian: Нико́зия
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: Nicosia
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Nicosia, Lefkousia
 * Dutch: Nicosia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Modern:
 * Hindi: निकोसिया
 * Irish: Niocóis, Leafcóis
 * Italian: Nicosia, Lefkosia
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^니코시아
 * Latin: Nicosia
 * Latvian: Nikosija
 * Lithuanian: Nikosija
 * Macedonian: Никозија, Левкозија
 * Maltese: Nikosija
 * Navajo: Nikʼóósiya
 * Occitan: Nicosia
 * Ottoman Turkish: لفقوشه
 * Persian: نیکوزیا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: Nicusìa
 * Spanish:, Lefkosia
 * Thai: นิโคเซีย
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Нікосі́я
 * Uzbek: Nikosiya
 * Vietnamese: Ni-cô-xi-a
 * Yiddish: ניקאָסיע

Etymology
From and, from , q.v..

Etymology
From and, from , q.v..

title: Nicosia


text:
Normandy

Etymology
From, , from , from , from +. Compare 🇨🇬. Normant refers to the words for 'north' and 'man', as the original Normans were of Scandinavian origin. More at.

Proper noun

 * 1) . The modern region was created in 2016 with the merger of Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy.
 * 2) A number of other places:
 * , named after the Norman family.
 * , named after the Norman family.
 * , named after the Norman family.
 * , named after the Norman family.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Normandië
 * Albanian: Normandi, Normandia
 * Arabic: نُورْمَانْدِي
 * Armenian: Նորմանդիա
 * Aromanian: Nurmandii, Nurmandie, Nurmãndii, Nurmãndie ; Nurmandia, Nurmãndia
 * Azerbaijani: Normandiya
 * Basque: Normandia
 * Belarusian: Нармандыя
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: Норма́ндия
 * Catalan: Normandia
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 諾曼第
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Normandiet
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Normandio
 * Estonian: Normandia
 * Faroese: Norðmandíið
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Middle French: Normendie
 * Old French: Normandie, Normendie
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ნორმანდია
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: Nòmandi
 * Hebrew: נורמנדי
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Norðmandí, Normandí
 * Indonesian: Normandia
 * Irish: Normainn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ノルマンディー
 * Korean: ^노르망디
 * Latin: Normannia
 * Latvian: Normandija
 * Lithuanian: Normandija
 * Macedonian: Нормандија
 * Malay: Normandie
 * Marathi: नॉर्मंडी
 * Norman: Nouormandie, Nouormaundie, Normaundie
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Normandie
 * Nynorsk: Normandie
 * Occitan: Normandia
 * Old English: Normandiġ
 * Old Norse: Norðmandí
 * Old Occitan: Normandia
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Normandia
 * Russian:
 * Scots: Normandy
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Нормандија
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Normandia
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: Normandie, Normandiet
 * Thai: นอร์ม็องดี
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Нормандія
 * Vietnamese: Normandie
 * Welsh: Normandi
 * West Frisian: Normandje
 * Yiddish: נאָרמאַנדי

title: Normandy


text:
Orange Free State

Proper noun

 * 1)  A former province of South Africa (1910–1994), now the province of Free State.
 * 2)  A former independent Boer republic in southern Africa (1854–1902).

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Oranje-Vrystaat
 * Danish: Oranjefristaten
 * Dutch: Oranje Vrijstaat
 * Finnish: Oranjen vapaavaltio
 * French: ,
 * German: Oranjefreistaat
 * Marathi: ऑरेन्ज फ्री स्टेट
 * Polish: Orania
 * Portuguese: Estado Livre de Orange
 * Swedish: Oranjefristaten

 * Afrikaans: Oranje-Vrystaat
 * Polish: Orania
 * Portuguese: Estado Livre de Orange

title: Orange Free State


text:
Orleans

Etymology
, ultimately from, from the name of the Roman emperor , who rebuilt the city. More at.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Orléans
 * Amharic: ኦርሌአን, ኦርሌኣን
 * Arabic: أورليان, أرليانش
 * Armenian: Օռլեան
 * Breton: Orleañs
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: Orléans
 * Dutch: Orléans
 * Farefare: Orlean
 * French:
 * Galician: Orleáns
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: Òleyan
 * Italian: Orléans
 * Japanese: オルレアン
 * Korean: ^오를레앙
 * Latin: Genabum, Cenabum, Aurilianum, Autriculum, Orelianum
 * Macedonian: Орлеа́н
 * Marathi: ऑरलेआं
 * Norman: Orléauns, Orliauns
 * Occitan: Orleans
 * Persian: اورلئان
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Orleães,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu: ఆర్లియన్సు
 * Turkish: Orleans

Noun

 * 1)  A cloth made of worsted and cotton, used for making clothes.
 * 2)  A variety of plum.

title: Orleans


text:
Oslo

Etymology
From, from ,. The first element is disputed, but is likely from, , from. Another theory is that it comes from, from , but this is unlikely. The second element is, from , (compare the suffix - in English place-names).

Proper noun

 * 1) . Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Oslo
 * Albanian: Oslo
 * Amharic: ኦስሎ
 * Arabic: أُوسْلُو
 * Hijazi Arabic: أوسلو
 * Armenian: Օսլո
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: О́сла
 * Bengali: অসলো
 * Bulgarian: О́сло
 * Burmese: အော့စလိုမြို့
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 奧斯陸
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, Ansloo, Anslo
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: Ósló
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ოსლო
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ओस्लो
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Ósló, Osló
 * Indonesian: Oslo
 * Irish: Osló
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: Осло
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ^오슬로
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: Осло
 * Lao: ອອສໂລ
 * Latin: Ansloa, Asloa
 * Latvian: Oslo
 * Lithuanian: Oslas
 * Macedonian: Осло
 * Malay: Oslo
 * Maltese: Oslo
 * Maori: Ōhoro
 * Marathi: ऑस्लो
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Осло
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: Oslo
 * Pashto: اوسلو
 * Persian: اسلو
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: О̏сло
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Oslo
 * Slovene: Oslo
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Oslo
 * Tajik: Осло
 * Tamil: ஒசுலோ
 * Tatar: Осло
 * Thai: ออสโล
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Oslo
 * Ukrainian: О́сло
 * Urdu: اوسلو
 * Uyghur: ئوسلو
 * Uzbek: Oslo
 * Vietnamese: Ốt-xlô
 * Yiddish: אָסלאָ

Proper noun
or less commonly

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, , first part from + last part from.

Etymology
From,. The first element is disputed, but is likely from, , from. The name then comes from older  where the ǫ́ is nasalised (whence the -n- in 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬), from, from  + ,. According to Sandnes and Stemshaug, the name has likely been around since before the first century.

Another theory is that the first part comes from, from , but this is unlikely, as there would be no explanation for found in. The geologist has claimed that it comes from, based on the Danicised spelling. However, this form was never used in Norwegian, and various borrowings have to signify a nasal vowel, which  would not have.

Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and (also 🇨🇬), and 🇨🇬, ,.

Between 1624 and 1925, referred to the, a mediaeval town that burnt down in 1624. When the city was rebuilt, king of Denmark named the new city  (later spelling: ) after himself. During the 1800s, various authors would begin taking the old name back and the city officially changed its name to in 1925. The location of the old town got the name, now a neighbourhood in the modern city.

Pronunciation

 * (phonemic respelling: Orslo )
 * (phonemic respelling: Orslo )

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * It is sometimes also undeclined.

title: Oslo