text:
Serbian

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to Serbia, the Serbian people or their language

Noun

 * 1)  A native or inhabitant of Serbia.
 * 2)  A Serb.
 * 3)  The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs.
 * 4)  Serbo-Croatian in general, as spoken in Serbia.

Usage notes
A distinction is often made between and.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Serwiër
 * Albanian:, serbe
 * Arabic: صِرْبِيّ, صِرْبِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: sãrbu, sãrbã
 * Azerbaijani: serb
 * Basque: serbiar
 * Belarusian: серб, се́рбка, сэрб, сэ́рбка
 * Bulgarian:, сръбки́ня
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: serber
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: serbo (1), serbiano (2)
 * Estonian: serblane
 * Faroese: serbi
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, serbia
 * Georgian: სერბი
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: סרבי, סרבית
 * Hindi: सर्ब
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Serbi
 * Interlingua: serbo
 * Irish: Seirbiach
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: セルビア人
 * Kazakh: серб
 * Korean: 세르비아 사람
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: سربی
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: серб
 * Latvian: serbs, serbiete
 * Lithuanian: ,
 * Macedonian: Србин, Србинка
 * Manx: Serbagh
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: серб
 * Mongolian: ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠢ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: serber
 * Nynorsk:
 * Persian: صربی,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ср̏бин, Ср̏пкиња
 * Roman:, Sȑpkinja
 * Sicilian:, serba
 * Slovak: Srb, Srbka
 * Slovene:, Sŕbkinja
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: Serbyo
 * Turkish:, Sırbistanlı
 * Turkmen: serb
 * Ukrainian: серб, се́рбка, се́рбин
 * Urdu: سَرْوِیائی
 * Uyghur: سېرب
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: người Xéc-bi

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian: gjuha serbe,
 * Arabic: الصِرْبِيَّة
 * Armenian: սերբերեն
 * Aromanian: limba sãrbeascã, limba sãrgheascã
 * Asturian: serbu
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: се́рбская мо́ва, се́рбская, сэ́рбская мо́ва, сэ́рбская
 * Bulgarian: сръбски
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: srbština
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Dzongkha: སོདབ་ཁ
 * Esperanto: serba lingvo
 * Estonian: serbia keel
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:, serbian kieli
 * French:
 * Georgian: სერბული
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: סרבית
 * Hindi: सर्बी, सर्बियाई, सर्बियन
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Interlingua: serbo
 * Irish: Seirbis
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: سربی
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latvian: serbu
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: српски
 * Malay: bahasa Serbia,
 * Manx: Serbish
 * Navajo: Séwib bizaad
 * Nepali: सर्बियाली
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Persian: صربی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, се́рбский язы́к
 * Scots: Serbie
 * Scottish Gaelic: Sèarbais
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ср̏пскӣ
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Sindhi: سربي
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: kiserbia
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Serbyo, Serbian
 * Thai: ภาษาเซอร์เบียน
 * Tigrinya: ሰርቢኛ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Cyrillic: сербче
 * Roman: serbçe
 * Ukrainian: се́рбська мо́ва,
 * Urdu: صربی
 * Uyghur: سېرپچە
 * Uzbek:
 * Cyrillic: сербча
 * Roman: serbça
 * Vietnamese: tiếng Xéc-bi
 * Volapük: Särbänapük
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian:
 * Xhosa: isi-Serbia
 * Yiddish: סערביש
 * Zulu: isi-Sebhiya

 * Amharic:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Galician:
 * Indonesian:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malagasy:
 * Maltese:
 * Mongolian:
 * Romanian:
 * Somali:
 * Tajik:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Perso-Arabic:
 * Tamil:
 * Tigrinya:
 * Welsh:

Adjective

 * Of, from, or pertaining to Serbia and Serbians.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to Serbian language.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to Serbian language.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: صِرْبِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: serb
 * Basque: serbiar
 * Belarusian: се́рбскі, сэ́рбскі
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: сръ́бски
 * Burmese: ဆားဘီးယား
 * Carpathian Rusyn: се́рьбскый
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: serbia
 * Estonian: serbia
 * Faroese: serbiskur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სერბული
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: סרבי
 * Hindi: सर्बियाई
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Interlingua: serbe
 * Irish: Seirbiach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: серб
 * Khmer: ស៊ឺបៀ, ស៊េប៊ី
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: серб
 * Lao: ແຊກບີ
 * Latvian: serbu, serbisks
 * Lithuanian: serbiškas
 * Macedonian: српски
 * Malay:
 * Manx: Serbagh
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: серб
 * Mongolian: ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠢ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: срьбьскъ
 * Pashto: صرب
 * Persian: صربی,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ср̏пскӣ, србѝја̄нскӣ
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: serbiski
 * Upper Sorbian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: Serbyo, Serbian
 * Tajik:
 * Tatar: серб
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: serb
 * Ukrainian: се́рбський
 * Urdu: سربیائی
 * Uyghur: سېرب
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: Xéc-bi
 * Welsh: Serbaidd, Serfiaidd
 * Yiddish: סערביש

 * Afrikaans:
 * Armenian: սերբերեն
 * Asturian: serbu
 * Basque: serbiar
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: serblingva
 * Estonian: serbiakeelne
 * Faroese: serbiskur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Interlingua: serbe
 * Irish: Seirbise
 * Italian:
 * Malay: bahasa Serbia,
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian: صربی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ср̏пскӣ
 * Roman:
 * Slovene:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: Serbyo, Serbian

title: Serbian


text:
Talk:hydrogen

In order to have things advance a bit, I googled to find web pages with translations of the names of the elements. I guessed that something like the names of the elements should be feasible to find on the internet by now. I stumbled on the following page, which seemed to good to be true:

http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/elem/h.html

Like a true Hansel (and Gretel) I started to incorporate the translations into our page. Before I was going to create a script to do the same for the other elements, I wrote an email to the author of this page, to ask if this would be all right with him. For some reason the email address I used is not accepting emails anymore, so he came over to edit our page to call my attention. I wrote him a new email from another account and am anxiously awaiting his answer now. To be on the safe side, I reverted the entry back to the state before the merging of his translations, except for Breton, which has been checked by somebody in the mean time.

I'll keep you informed on how this goes on.Polyglot 21:37, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Peter Vanderkrogt doesn't agree to let us copy the translations found on his pages. He would prefer us to link to his page. Since we are trying to create an independent work of reference, this is not an option though, so I will try to find other sources to add translations.Polyglot 11:37, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * The periodic table in Italian is at http://www.minerva.unito.it/Chimica&Industria/SistemaPeriodico/TabellaSemplice.htm - I am transferring Italian translations from there. Good luck in finding it in other languages.  I suggest searching for "periodic table" in each of the required languages - this is what I did for Italian. Paul G 12:40, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * That's what I'm planning to do. But, on his site they were there already all together. I would have come up with a script to semi-automatically convert them to the Wiktionary format. Now it's going to ask a bit more effort. Not a big deal.Polyglot 13:48, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, I looked at Peter's page and it is a goldmine - all the elements in dozens of languages. Ah well. Paul G 14:25, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * He has been quite busy indeed. The problem is, he now considers it as his property. Or rather he opposes the idea to 'duplicate' the data. His viewpoint is that data on the internet should be linked from one site to another. That may be fine for ordinary web sites, but it isn't when one is trying to build a dictionary. Anyway, I found another site with a GPL'd Ruby program that has quite a few as well, BUT the author of this program found his translations also at Peter's site. I wrote him a new email. I wonder whether this other author went to ask for permission... It's almost a pity I didn't find that source first. I would never have looked any further... and I would have been convinced I got the data from an already GPLd work.

 * I received an email from Peter this morning that he agrees to share the translations he gathered and publicized on his web site. For the etymologies of the names he wants us to link through to his site. How do I give credit where it is due? Do I put it in the talk pages or in the entries themselves? I will write a script to add them in the next few days.

He also referred me to: http://xerius.jergym.hiedu.cz/~canovm/vyhledav/chemici2.html Polyglot 13:23, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * The Italian translations for elements 1 to 94 (hydrogen to plutonium) are now done. The periodic table at the site I mentioned above goes up to 109 but does not have linked pages for the elements above 95.  They'll have to come from somewhere else. Paul G 14:25, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I also notice that Wiktionary has pages for the elements up to atomic number 120, with a link to 121, which does not exist yet. In theory, the names are extensible for ever, but have all of these names been officially assigned?

 * There is another multilingual list at http://www.minerva.unito.it/Chimica&Industria/Dizionario/Supplementi01/ListaMultilinguaElementi.htm

It is ordered by Italian alphabetical order but seems to have all the named elements. It gives equivalents in English, Catalan, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Swedish, Finnish, Dutch and Latin. Unfortunately accented characters seem to have been corrupted.

This is the site I took the Italian translations from (via the links from the periodic table at http://www.minerva.unito.it/Chimica&Industria/SistemaPeriodico/TabellaSemplice.htm )  This list seems to be a dictionary appendix so might not be public-domain.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:hydrogen


text:
Ph.D.

Etymology
, an

Noun

 * 1) Doctor of Philosophy, a terminal research degree, the highest of academic degrees conferred by a college or university.
 * 2)  A person who holds a Ph.D. degree.
 * 1)  A person who holds a Ph.D. degree.
 * 1)  A person who holds a Ph.D. degree.

Usage notes

 * Not to be used generically to refer to all doctoral degrees. There are many other doctoral designations.

title: Ph.D.


text:
Doctor of Arts

Noun

 * 1) A terminal degree similar to an Ed.D. or a Ph.D., but with a focus on content speciality; it may be conferred as a prestigious honorary doctorate with the added designation of "honoris causa". Commonly abbreviated DA.

title: Doctor of Arts


text:
Ed.D.

Noun

 * , a terminal research doctorate with a focus on education.

title: Ed.D.


text:
chop

Etymology 1
From, , of origin, possibly , or a variant of.

Cognate with 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, German dialectal , , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (in ). Perhaps related to.

Noun

 * 1)  A cut of meat, often containing a section of a rib.
 * 2) A blow with an axe, cleaver, or similar utensil.
 * 3)  A blow delivered with the hand rigid and outstretched.
 * 4) Ocean waves, generally caused by wind, distinguished from swell by being smaller and not lasting as long.
 * 5)  A hand where two or more players have an equal-valued hand, resulting in the chips being shared equally between them.
 * 6)  Termination, especially from employment; the sack.
 * 7)  A woodchopping competition.
 * 8)  A crack or cleft; a chap.
 * 9) Aircraft turbulence, "light chop".
 * 1)  A hand where two or more players have an equal-valued hand, resulting in the chips being shared equally between them.
 * 2)  Termination, especially from employment; the sack.
 * 3)  A woodchopping competition.
 * 4)  A crack or cleft; a chap.
 * 5) Aircraft turbulence, "light chop".
 * 1)  A crack or cleft; a chap.
 * 2) Aircraft turbulence, "light chop".

Translations

 * Afrikaans: tjop
 * Armenian: չալաղաջ
 * Basque: txuleta
 * Bulgarian: пържола, котлет
 * Catalan:, llonza
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: kotelet
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kotleto
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese:, コートレット
 * Korean: 토막고기,
 * Latin: praecīsum
 * Norman: côtelette
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: kotelett
 * Nynorsk: kotelett
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Somali:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tarifit: taɣezdist
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Afrikaans: kap
 * Bulgarian: сечащ удар
 * Esperanto: hako
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: tallada
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Italian:, colpo d'ascia
 * Latgalian: škaļdeit
 * Latvian: skaldīt
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * French:
 * Maori: motonga
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:
 * Swedish:

 * French:
 * Italian: alla pari

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:

 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Mandarin:

Verb

 * 1)  To cut into pieces with short, vigorous cutting motions.
 * chop wood; chop an onion
 * 1)  To sever with an axe or similar implement.
 * Chop off his head.
 * 1)  To separate or divide.
 * We should chop off some of that department's budget.
 * 1)  to give a downward cutting blow or movement, typically with the side of the hand.
 * 2)  To hit the ball downward so that it takes a high bounce.
 * 3)  To divide the pot (or tournament prize) between two or more players.
 * 4)  To make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, with or as with an ax.
 * 5)  To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize.
 * 6)  To interrupt; with in or out.
 * 7)  To stab.
 * 8)  To remove the final character from (a text string).
 * 9)  To manipulate or separate out a line of cocaine.
 * He chopped out a fat line.
 * 1)  To remove the final character from (a text string).
 * 2)  To manipulate or separate out a line of cocaine.
 * He chopped out a fat line.
 * He chopped out a fat line.

Translations

 * Assamese: কুটা, থহা, থাহা , কঁচা
 * Azerbaijani:, çapmaq,
 * Bulgarian:, , ,
 * Burmese:
 * Cherokee: ᎦᎷᏯᏍᎦ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 斬
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: hakke
 * Esperanto: haki, haketi
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, ,
 * Friulian: taiâ
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ჩეხა
 * German:, , ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ingrian: leikata, pilkkoa, hakata
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Latgalian: škaļdeit
 * Latvian: skaldīt
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Maori: tokitoki, tuatua
 * Ngazidja Comorian: rema
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: rubaś
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Tagalog: hapakin
 * Tetum: taa
 * Thai:
 * Tocharian B: kaut-
 * Tày: bác, hẳm
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Záparo: achichanu

 * Danish: hugge
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: haki
 * Faroese: høgga
 * Finnish: hakata (irti)
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ჩეხა
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Korean:
 * Maori: tokitoki
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Tocharian B: kaut-
 * Tày: bác, hẳm
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Irish:

Etymology 2
, perhaps a variant of. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To exchange, to barter; to swap.
 * 2) To chap or crack.
 * 3)  To vary or shift suddenly.
 * The wind chops about.
 * 1)  To twist words.
 * 2) To converse, discuss, or speak with another.
 * 1) To converse, discuss, or speak with another.
 * 1) To converse, discuss, or speak with another.

Noun

 * 1) A turn of fortune; change; a vicissitude.

Etymology 3
From, related to 🇨🇬. Perhaps ultimately related to Etymology 1 above.

Noun

 * 1)  A jaw of an animal.
 * 2) A movable jaw or cheek, as of a vice.
 * 3)  The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbour, or channel.

Etymology 4
Borrowed from. Closely related to the similarly descended Malay word, which likely reinforced the English usage within the Malay world.

Noun

 * 1)   A stamp or seal; a mark, imprint or impression on a document (or other object or material) made by stamping or sealing a design with ink or wax, respectively, or by other methods.
 * 2)  The device used for stamping or sealing, which also contains the design to be imprinted.
 * 3) A mark indicating nature, quality, or brand.
 * silk of the first chop
 * 1) A license or passport that has been sealed.
 * 2) A complete shipment.
 * a chop of tea

Verb

 * 1)  To stamp or seal (a document); to mark, impress or otherwise place a design or symbol on paper or other material, usually, but not necessarily, to indicate authenticity.
 * 2) To seal a license or passport.

Etymology 5
Shortening.

Noun

 * 1)  An IRC channel operator.

Etymology 6
Shortening of chopper.

Noun

 * 1)  To fly a helicopter or be flown in a helicopter.
 * We chopped back to the base.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to stamp; to seal

Etymology
, ultimately from. Most likely also influenced by. Sense 2 derives from the absent professor being recorded with a stamp, i.e. a chop, in a register.

Noun

 * 1) official licence
 * 2)  an absent professor or teacher

Verb

 * 1) eat
 * 2) spend

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) man, male
 * 2) husband
 * 3) snowman
 * 1) snowman

title: chop


text:
hilarity

Etymology
From hilaritas, "cheerfulness", from adjective hilaris, "cheerful", ultimately from Greek, + noun of state suffix -tas.

Noun

 * 1)  A great amount of amusement, usually accompanied by laughter.
 * 2)  Something that induces laughter.
 * 1)  Something that induces laughter.
 * 1)  Something that induces laughter.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: hilaritat
 * Danish: munterhed
 * German:, ,
 * Irish: meidhir
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ハピネス
 * Manx: ard-ghennalys
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sogan

 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: morsomhed
 * German: ,
 * Manx: ard-aittys
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: râsete,

 * French:
 * Interlingua:

title: hilarity


text:
User:LGagnon

English

 * A: alacrity, amalgam, anachronism, aphasia, apostasy, apothecary, Apotheosis
 * B: baldric, banal, barratry, belt
 * C: canescent, characteristic, contain
 * D: desiccate, destructive, detonate, draconian
 * E: effigy, epicurean, execrable, explosion
 * F: feckless, fulminate, furtive
 * G: genetic, grandee
 * H: hedonistic, hilarity
 * I: ignominy, insolent
 * J: jest
 * K: kleptomania
 * L: legerdemain, lupine
 * M: malfeasance, mercurial, morose
 * N: nefarious, nexus, nostrum, nuclear
 * O: obtrusive, oligarchy, onomatopoeia
 * P: per annum, perdition, pleasure, prosaic, publish
 * Q: querulous
 * R: relate, respective, rigmarole, rubescent
 * S: sinecure, Saturnian, somnambulate, study
 * T: teleology, transcendence, transcendent
 * U: universalism, unknown
 * V: venal, vilify, vulpine
 * W: waist, wealthy
 * X: xenophobe
 * Y: yearly
 * Z: zoo

Portuguese

 * B: bacalhau, beber
 * C: caber, cantar, chegar, comer, comprar, correr
 * D: dizer
 * E: ela, elas, eles, estudar
 * F: falar, fazer
 * L: ler
 * N: nós
 * O: ouvir
 * P: partir, pedir, polir
 * Q: querer
 * T: ter, trazer
 * V: vender, viver, você, vocês, vós

Other Wiki works:

 * My work at Wikibooks
 * My work at Wikimedia Commons
 * My work at Wikipedia (English)
 * My work at Wikiquote
 * My work at Wikisource

title: User:LGagnon


text:
Talk:brush

I have added definitions. Since I'm not sure which definitions the existing translations apply to, it is likely that they are wrong in some cases. Please, if you know any of these languages, check the translations and correct them if necessary. I've put HTML comments in the page to show the translations that have not yet been checked. -- Ortonmc 23:35, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

elec: not limited to motors & generators; armature & rotor = same concept-- read their definitions! Cem BSEE 12:02, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Possible missing senses
Chambers 1908 has a transitive verb "to thrash" (i.e. physically beat someone?), intransitive verb "to make off with a rush" (i.e. go away quickly?), and adjective "in a lively manner; brisk". Equinox ◑ 06:31, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:brush


text:
User:TUF-KAT

fr:Utilisateur:Tokerboyen:User:TUF-KAT

title: User:TUF-KAT


text:
destructive

Etymology
From, from , from past participle of +.

Adjective

 * 1) Causing destruction; damaging.
 * 2) Causing breakdown or disassembly.
 * 3)  Lossy; causing irreversible change.
 * 1) Causing breakdown or disassembly.
 * 2)  Lossy; causing irreversible change.
 * 1)  Lossy; causing irreversible change.

Synonyms

 * devastating
 * devastating
 * devastating

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: destructiu
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: destruktiv
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: ὀλέθριος, ὀλοός, δηλητήριος
 * Hebrew: הרסני
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua: destructive
 * Irish: urbhadhach, arganach, sladach
 * Old Irish: bráthamail
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 破壊的
 * Korean:
 * Latin: exitiosus, exitiābilis, destructivus
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: millteach, sgriosach, sgriosail
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ра́зо̄ран, де̏структӣван, ру̀шилачкӣ
 * Roman:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: mapanira, mapangwasak
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, tahripkar
 * Ukrainian: руйнівний, деструктивний
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Zulu:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Russian:

title: destructive


text:
cheesy

Etymology
From, equivalent to. . Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to cheese.
 * This sandwich is full of cheesy goodness.
 * 1) Resembling or containing cheese.
 * 2)  Overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived.
 * 3)  Cheap, of poor quality.
 * 4) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1)  Overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived.
 * 2)  Cheap, of poor quality.
 * 3) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1)  Cheap, of poor quality.
 * 2) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1)  Cheap, of poor quality.
 * 2) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.
 * 1) Exaggerated and likely to be forced or insincere.

Synonyms

 * cheeseball, corny, tacky

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: от сирене
 * Catalan: caseós
 * Finnish: juustoinen
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Ido: fromaja, ,
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: caseoso
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: קעזיק

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: с вкус на сирене
 * Catalan: caseós
 * Finnish: juustomainen
 * French:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: berkeju
 * Italian:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: caseoso
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: קעזיק

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: сладникав
 * Catalan:, cursi, , , ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: kýčovitý
 * Danish: klichéagtig, kitsch, overdramatiseret
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kitsahtava, juustoinen,
 * French:, , ,
 * German:, , voller Klischees
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese:, 見掛け倒し
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Spanish: sensiblero,, , , , cutrón, pasteloso
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:

 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:

 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, , sourire de faux cul
 * German:, ,
 * Swedish:

title: cheesy


text:
respective

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own.
 * They returned to their respective places of abode.
 * 1)  Noticing with attention; careful; wary.
 * 2) * c. 1559-1570,, letter to Bernard Gilpin
 * But if you looke upon the estate of the church of England with a respective eye, you cannot with a good conscience refuse this charge imposed upon you
 * 1)  Looking toward; having reference to; relative, not absolute.
 * 2)  Fitted to awaken respect.
 * 3)  Rendering respect; respectful; regardful.
 * 4) * a. 1598,, instructions to his son , when young
 * With thy equals familiar, yet respective.
 * 1)  Rendering respect; respectful; regardful.
 * 2) * a. 1598,, instructions to his son , when young
 * With thy equals familiar, yet respective.
 * 1) * a. 1598,, instructions to his son , when young
 * With thy equals familiar, yet respective.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: respectiu
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: respektiva
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Latvian: attiecīgs, atbilstošs, piederīgs
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: respektiv
 * Nynorsk: respektiv
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: air leth
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: respektiv
 * Ukrainian: відпові́дний
 * Vietnamese:, riêng từng (người, cái, …)

title: respective


text:
obtrusive

Etymology
From + English. is the   of, a variant of , from  +  (ultimately from ).

Adjective

 * 1) Of a person: overly assertive, bold, or domineering; pushy; also, ostentatious.
 * 2) Of a thing: noticeable or prominent, especially in a displeasing way.
 * 3)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1) Of a thing: noticeable or prominent, especially in a displeasing way.
 * 2)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1) Of a thing: noticeable or prominent, especially in a displeasing way.
 * 2)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.
 * 1)  Protruding or sticking out, especially in a way that obstructs.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: მოურიდებელი
 * German: ,
 * Italian:, ,
 * Macedonian: на́метлив, на́стојчив
 * Polish:

 * Finnish: esiinpistävä
 * Georgian: თვალშისაცემი, შესამჩნევი
 * German:, (negativ) wahrnehmbar
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian:

title: obtrusive


text:
warehouse

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A place for storing large amounts of products. In logistics, a place where products go to from the manufacturer before going to the retailer.

Translations

 * Albanian: ,
 * Amharic: መጋዘን
 * Arabic: مَخْزَن, مُسْتَوْدَع
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assamese: গুদাম
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: склад, схо́вішча, амба́р, пакга́уз
 * Bengali:, পণ্যাগার
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 倉庫
 * Dungan: амбар
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: gwaraji
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: varehus, ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: magazeno
 * Estonian: ladu
 * Faroese: pakkhús, goymsluhús, goymsla
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: armacén, fondaca, fundago, fromeira, magacén
 * Georgian:
 * German:, , Speicherhaus, Packhaus
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀποθήκη
 * Guaraní:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , , माल-ख़ाना
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vöruhús,, pakkhús,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: gudhang
 * Kazakh: қойма, қамба
 * Khmer:, , ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Ladino: magazen
 * Lao:, ກຸດັງ, ໂກດັງ
 * Latin: apothēca
 * Latvian: noliktava
 * Lithuanian: sandėlys, sandėlis
 * Macedonian: магаци́н, склад, скла́диште, стова́риште
 * Malay:
 * Maori: whare pūkainga taonga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, varehus
 * Nynorsk: lager, varehus
 * Ottoman Turkish: انبار, مخزن
 * Pashto: ګودام, امبارخانه, ډيپو,, , مخزن
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: qullqa
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: скла̏дӣште, сместиште, спре̏мнӣк
 * Roman:, ,
 * Slovak: sklad, skladište, skladisko
 * Slovene: skladišče
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: bohari
 * Swedish:, , , ,
 * Tagalog: pintungan
 * Tajik: анбор, махзан
 * Tatar: амбар
 * Telugu: గోదాము,
 * Thai:, ,
 * Tigrinya: መኽዘን
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen:, sklad
 * Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎁𐎒𐎐
 * Ukrainian:, схо́вище, , пакга́уз
 * Urdu: گودام, اَن٘بار, مال خانَہ, مال گودام
 * Uyghur: ئامبار, ئىسكىلات
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese: kho hàng,, nhà kho
 * Volapük: ,
 * Welsh: warws
 * Yakut: ыскылаат
 * Yiddish: מאַגאַזין, סקלאַד

Verb

 * 1)  To store in a warehouse or similar.
 * 2)  To confine (a person) to an institution for a long period.
 * 3)  To acquire and then shelve, simply to prevent competitors from acquiring it.
 * 1)  To acquire and then shelve, simply to prevent competitors from acquiring it.
 * 1)  To acquire and then shelve, simply to prevent competitors from acquiring it.
 * 1)  To acquire and then shelve, simply to prevent competitors from acquiring it.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: goyma
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ido:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: скла̏диштити
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Volapük:

title: warehouse


text:
wholesale

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The sale of products, often in large quantities, to retailers or other merchants.

Translations

 * Arabic: إِجْمَالِيّ, بِالْجُمْلَةِ, بَيْع بِالْجُمْلَةِ
 * Assamese: পাইকাৰী
 * Bulgarian: търгови́я на е́дро
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: velkoobchod
 * Danish: engroshandel, en groshandel, engrosvirksomhed, en grosvirksomhed
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: hulgimüük
 * Finnish:
 * French: vente en gros
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:, heildverslun
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: mórdhíol
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 도매(都賣)
 * Maori: hokorau
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: engroshandel
 * Persian: عمده‌فروشی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: en gros
 * Russian: опто́вая торго́вля
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: велепро̀даја
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: veľkoobchod
 * Spanish: venta al por mayor,
 * Swedish:, grossistverksamhet,
 * Tagalog: pakyaw, pamamakyaw
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: cyfanwerth

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to sale in large quantities, for resale.
 * 2)  Extensive, indiscriminate, all-encompassing; blanket.

Translations

 * Belarusian: апто́вы, гуртавы́,
 * Bulgarian: на е́дро
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: kowlwerth
 * Czech: velkoobchodní
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: საბითუმო
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: magnārius
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: en gros
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: опто́вий, гуртови́й, огу́льний
 * Welsh: cyfanwerthol

Adverb

 * 1) In bulk or large quantity.
 * 2)  Indiscriminately.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: ,
 * Finnish: tukuttain
 * French:
 * Georgian: ბითუმად
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Latin: acervatim
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: en gros
 * Polish: hurtowo
 * Russian:
 * Welsh: ar gyfanwerth

Verb

 * 1) To sell at wholesale.

Translations

 * Cornish: kowlwertha

title: wholesale


text:
Talk:copper

IPA is wrong - "cupper"

merged with translations found on http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/elem/cu.html with permission from the author.

conflict with Chinese

Should be an entry or mention of "copper-bottom". It's usually an adjective refering to an actual kitchen pots and pans, but it can also be used more figuratively as in a "copper-bottom identity" (timestap 22 minutes, 4x seconds in from April 10, 2008 Culture and Barbarism

Copper-one who cops it.
Having the same etymology as copper meaning policeman, copper meaning the one who 'cops it' or 'is copped' (i.e. hit on the head, mugged, etc) should be included.

RFV discussion: January–February 2020
(Previously discussed in the Tea Room with no satisfactory outcome.) Sense 2: "(countable) Something made of copper." Like what? It can't be a coin (already sense 4) or a cooking-pot or kitchen fitting (sense 5). Equinox ◑ 04:18, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Cited, I think; two of the cites refer to the copper plates in batteries and one (1890) to something else — copper slugs, perhaps? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:40, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the effort. I agree that your citations refer to something that isn't a pot or a coin, but you've managed to catch very short phrases that don't really tell us what it is. I think it is old electrical equipment (the first one requires a battery, the second may be "tinned" [meaning tin-plated, I guess; in modern BrE tinning is what we do with baked beans, i.e. what Americans would call canning]; the third is about batteries again). If all three of them refer to electrical stuff then surely we should change the sense to "(some sort of electrical battery thing)" rather than leaving it as "anything made of copper": I am still not at all convinced that a copper ring on a poor woman's finger would be "a copper", for example. Equinox ◑ 04:46, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I was simply too lazy to type in the rest of the context. The first (and third) don't require a battery; they are a part of a battery (see the cathode in this diagram, for example). The second is unclear to me, but nothing about it seems electrical. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:54, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I think the question is whether any arbitrary item made of copper can be called "a copper", without any special context (e.g. "do you want the gold, the silver or the copper?" in a jeweller's wouldn't count). I don't consider this cited when there are three cites that are all technical electrical stuff, as opposed to everyday objects ("where did I leave that copper?!" -- it's a door key)... Equinox ◑ 05:08, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * No complaint from my end about tweaking the def to something like "Any of various objects made of copper used in various industrial and technical applications", although that particular wording is rather poor. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:49, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * "Tinning" in this case refers to coating with solder. Nowadays, soldering is mostly just used for electrical connections, but the context here seems to be custom-made metal parts for industrial machinery. Chuck Entz (talk) 15:38, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

RFV-resolved Kiwima (talk) 09:23, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:copper


text:
Talk:palladium

Does the second definition belong here? It's encyclopaedic - suggest moving to wikipedia Paul G 11:58, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I don't have an opinion. If it is moved to to Wikipedia, then a link is in order. Is it a different meaning of the word. I think it is (hmm, so I do have an opinion then, don't I? :-)

merged with translations found on http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/elem/pd.html with permission from the author Polyglot 19:09, 4 Jan 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:palladium


text:
User:Webkid

Hello, this is my page at Wiktionary.

There are two abbreviations that I use in the summaries of the editions:

 * bg, which means Bulgarian. That's the country I was born in and that I live in (or at least that's the situation at the moment).

 * LWA, meaning Link to Wikipedia Article. I think that it's a good idea to make cross-Wiki links.

I usually add Bulgarian meanings, dewikify links, format articles, and sometimes add etymologies.

Webkid

title: User:Webkid


text:
Talk:أنا

Difference
It'd be helpful if someone explains what the difference between َنَا and أنا is. Webkid 13:38, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Do you mean ـنا (us)? 71.66.97.228 22:20, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

Needs work
This page needs a lot of work. I'll get rid of the empty translations but more needs to be done, preferable by somebody who knows Arabic. — Hippietrail 06:49, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"I am"?
Can this also mean "I am," as Google Translate translates this term when followed by a period? 71.66.97.228 22:19, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

 * No, it is not a verb, only a pronoun. It might sometimes be translated by "I am" in the same way that English "Me!" might in some situations be replaceable by "I am". It doesn’t mean "I am", but sometimes it could be translated by "I am". —Stephen 01:25, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

'generally not interchangeable'
Hi, it would improve the entry to add those instances in which they are indeed interchangeable. Thanks in advance. Backinstadiums (talk) 08:31, 25 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:أنا


text:
accumber

Etymology
Variation of.

Verb

 * 1)  To encumber; to crush; to overwhelm.

title: accumber


text:
accumbent

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals.
 * 2)  Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another leaf
 * 1)  Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another leaf

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Latin: accumbens

 * Portuguese: acumbente

Noun

 * 1) One who rests in an accumbent position, especially at table.

title: accumbent


text:
accumbency

Noun

 * 1)  The state of being accumbent or reclining.

title: accumbency


text:
accubation

Etymology
From, , from , from +.

Noun

 * 1) The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at meals.

Translations

 * German: Akkubation, Akkubition

 * French:
 * Latin:

title: accubation


text:
accumb

Etymology
From, from +.

Verb

 * 1)  To recline, as at table.

title: accumb


text:
rosyjski

Adjective

 * 1) Russian

Noun

 * 1) Russian

title: rosyjski


text:
Talk:axis of evil

I had already done Axis of evil (lower case 'e') when someone else created this file. Lower case seems to be in regular use. Axis of evil was on the "request" list. Can we get rid of this one and use mine. thanks Dmol.

.............................. Removed the following text:

Aside from the laughing silly Bushism monkier use of this phrase to describe any one he isn't getting along with today. This phrase was sometimes used by pro-war Americans to pigeonhole the beliefs of more freely thinking people. A typical conversation leading upto the Iraqi invasion would follow; "Did you hear about those 15 protesters gunned down by US troops?" - "Yeh, Yeh, America is the 'Axis of Evil', we should just go over and appologize." Another variation of this that I have heard of this use is "Focus of all Evil".

Not a definition, not objective, and full of typos and grammatical errors to boot... Paul G 15:02, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:axis of evil


text:
accomplisher

Noun

 * 1) One who accomplishes.

Translations

 * Dutch:, presteerster, verwezenlijker
 * Ukrainian: викона́вець, викона́виця

title: accomplisher


text:
Talk:lift

"1.[sic] Amer. a ride" - isn't this British English? [see also reply]

 * Numbering corrected Paul G 18:15, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Doesn't lift also mean upward force (as created by a wing)? Polyglot 22:23, 15 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Use of "lift" is British only ?
Lift, when meaning the device known as an elevator to North Americans, is listed at "Brit."....does this imply that usage of the word in this sense is confined to the UK ? If this is the implication, then that needs changing. In terms of worldwide coverage, I suspect that lift is the more widely used word, therefore there is perhaps more scope to describe usage of the word as "outside of North American" rather than British. The more commonly used word is undoubtable elevator due to the number of native English speakers in North America, but if geographically based terms are going to be used to describe usage, then the smaller geographical area of usage for either word is elevator.

Relation to shoplifting
Is lift, in the definition of stealing, a shortened form of shoplift? Or do I have it the wrong way around?
 * lift meaning to steal is attested from 1526, so probably the other way around. - TheDaveRoss

Etymology
I found out the Old Norse origin of the word and added it respectively. However, it refers to the verb and if the noun does not originate from the verb (contrary to what I had assumed), then it should be related only to the verb as exempli gratia "Etymology 2". I make this exposition in order to prevent any possible objections that "lypta" is a verb, whereof I am well aware. Bogorm 15:57, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Lifting the hand
Chambers 1908 has lift the hand, "to raise it in hostility", and lift up the hand, "to make oath, swear; to pray". Equinox ◑ 21:56, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

transitive verb: take something from place
to grasp something and move it somewhere else She lifted the CD from the rack. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:10, 27 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:lift


text:
logarithm

Etymology
From, term coined by Scottish mathematician from  and ; compare , from analogous. The word λόγος had an original meaning of a word or a count, as in "recount a tale," or the idea of going over a list. The mathematical sense later expanded to include various specialized senses, including the notion of a ratio, proportion, or inverse proportion.

Noun

 * 1)  For a number $$x$$, the power to which a given base number must be raised in order to obtain $$x$$. Written $$\log_b x$$. For example, $$\log_{10} 1000 = 3$$ because $$10^3 = 1000$$ and $$\log_2 16 = 4$$ because $$2^4 = 16$$.
 * For a currency which uses denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, etc., each jump in the base-10 logarithm from one denomination to the next higher is either 0.3010 or 0.3979.

Translations

 * Arabic: أَسِيس, لُوغَارِثْم
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: လော့ဂရစ်သမ်
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: logaritme
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლოგარითმი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: લઘુગણક
 * Hawaiian: huhui helu
 * Hindi: लघुगणक
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: logri
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:, ,
 * Khmer: លោការីត
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: logarithmus
 * Latvian: logaritms
 * Macedonian: логари́там
 * Maori: taupū kōaro, pūkōaro
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: logaritme
 * Ottoman Turkish: لوغاریتمه
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਲਘੂਗਣਕ
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: логаритам
 * Roman:
 * Shona: mhetapawa, davanharu
 * Sinhalese: ලඝු ගණක
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: logpaulit
 * Tamil:
 * Thai: ลอการิทึม
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:, логари́тм
 * Vietnamese: đối số (對數), lôga, lôgarit,
 * Yiddish: לאָגאַריטם

title: logarithm


text:
who's

Etymology 1
Contractions; +.

Contraction

 * 1) Who is.
 * 2) Who has.
 * 3)  Whom is.
 * 4)  Who (whom) does
 * 1)  Whom is.
 * 2)  Who (whom) does
 * 1)  Who (whom) does

Etymology 2
From.

title: who's


text:
ons

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from ,.

Pronoun

 * 1) we (subject)
 * 2) us (object)
 * 1) us (object)

Etymology 2
From, inflected , from , from , from.

Determiner

 * 1) our

Etymology 3
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) ounce (unit of measurement)

Etymology 1
From, from , from ,.

Pronoun

 * 1) us (objective form of wij or we)

Etymology 2
From, from.

Determiner

 * 1) our

Usage notes

 * is the only possessive determiner in contemporary Dutch that inflects for gender and number. It becomes before masculines, feminines and all plurals.
 * As an independent possessive pronoun it becomes as well, but this in line with the general rules (cf.,  etc.).

Etymology 3
From (1240), borrowed from  (a twelfth of a pound) probably via.

Noun

 * 1)  (100 )

Usage notes
Prior to the law of 1820 that introduced the metric system in what then united both the Netherlands and Belgium a variety of measures ranging around ca 30 grams were known by this name. The law of 1820 attributed the name to the hectogram of 100 grams. In 1937 the IJkwet of the Netherlands officially abolished the term, but it is still commonly used.

Etymology
From, from (1240), borrowed from  (a twelfth of a pound) probably via.

Noun

 * 1)  (100 )

Pronoun

 * 1) our
 * 1) our

Etymology
. Possibly.

Pronoun

 * : he

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ounce

Pronoun

 * 1)  they neuter or of mixed or unspecified gender

title: ons


text:
canescent

Etymology
From, present participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) Turning white or gray.
 * 2)  Covered with short white or gray hairs; hoary.
 * 1)  Covered with short white or gray hairs; hoary.

title: canescent


text:
rubescent

Etymology
Attested since at least 1730, from, present participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) turning red; reddening

title: rubescent


text:
desiccate

Etymology
From. Dēsiccāre is the infinitive of (from, from.

The adjective is derived from, the   of : see above. The noun is derived from the adjective.

Pronunciation

 * Verb and adjective:
 * Noun:
 * Noun:
 * Noun:
 * Noun:

Verb

 * 1)  To remove moisture from; to dry.
 * 2)  To preserve by drying.
 * 3)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To preserve by drying.
 * 2)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To preserve by drying.
 * 2)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To preserve by drying.
 * 2)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To become dry; to dry up.
 * 1)  To become dry; to dry up.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:, , deshydrateren, , ,
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Irish: triomaigh
 * Maori: whakatārehe, tauraki
 * Norwegian: tørke
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: ch'akichiy
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: висушувати

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: засушувати

 * French:, ,

Adjective

 * 1) Having had moisture removed; dehydrated, desiccated.

Noun

 * 1) A substance which has been desiccated, that is, had its moisture removed.

title: desiccate


text:
vulpine

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , earlier , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to a fox.
 * 2) Having the characteristics of a fox; foxlike; cunning.
 * 1) Having the characteristics of a fox; foxlike; cunning.

Translations

 * Arabic: ثَعْلَبِيّ
 * Belarusian: лісі́ны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: vulpa
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: vulpīnus
 * Macedonian: лисичји
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: лѝсичјӣ
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: líščí
 * Slovene: lisičji
 * Ukrainian: ли́сячий, лиси́чий

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: vosachtig
 * Esperanto: vulpa
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * Latin: vulpinus
 * Russian:

Noun

 * 1) Any of certain canids called foxes (including true foxes, arctic foxes and grey foxes), distinguished from canines, which are regarded as similar to  dogs and wolves.
 * 2) A person considered cunning.
 * 1) A person considered cunning.

title: vulpine


text:
lupine

Etymology 1

Borrowed from, from. and, 🇨🇬 being a cognate of and  being a doublet of.

Adjective

 * Of, or pertaining to, the wolf.
 * 1) Wolflike; wolfish.
 * 2) Having the characteristics of a wolf.
 * 3) Ravenous.

Translations

 * Arabic: ذِئْبِيّ
 * Belarusian: во́ўчы
 * Bulgarian: въ́лчи
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: susimainen
 * French:
 * German: wölfisch, ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: волчешки, волчји
 * Malay:
 * Occitan: lupin, alobatit, alobit
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ву̏чјӣ
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: vlčí
 * Slovene: volčji
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: во́вчий

 * Belarusian: во́ўчы
 * Bulgarian: въ́лчи
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: susimainen
 * French:
 * German: wölfisch
 * Occitan: lupin, alobatit
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: во́вчий

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: mit Bärenhunger,
 * Occitan: alobatit,

Etymology 2
See.

Noun

 * 1)  any plant of the genus ; an edible legume seed of one of these plants.

title: lupine


text:
mercurial

Etymology
Noun sense 1 (“(obsolete) plant known as mercury”) is from, from and , or directly from their ,  from  +.

Later adjective and noun uses may have been directly derived from Latin mercuriālis, whence 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of the plants known as, especially the annual mercury or.
 * 2)  A person born under the influence of the planet Mercury; hence, a person having an animated, lively, quick-witted or volatile character.
 * 3)  A chemical compound containing mercury.
 * 4)  A preparation of mercury, especially as a treatment for syphilis.
 * 1)  A preparation of mercury, especially as a treatment for syphilis.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having a lively or volatile character; animated, changeable, quick-witted.
 * 2)  Pertaining to the astrological influence of the planet Mercury; having the characteristics of a person under such influence (see adjective sense 1).
 * 3)  Pertaining to the planet Mercury.
 * 4)   Of or pertaining to the element mercury or quicksilver; containing mercury.
 * 5)  Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.
 * 6)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)  Pertaining to the astrological influence of the planet Mercury; having the characteristics of a person under such influence (see adjective sense 1).
 * 2)  Pertaining to the planet Mercury.
 * 3)   Of or pertaining to the element mercury or quicksilver; containing mercury.
 * 4)  Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.
 * 5)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)   Of or pertaining to the element mercury or quicksilver; containing mercury.
 * 2)  Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.
 * 3)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)  Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.
 * 2)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)  Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.
 * 2)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.
 * 1)  Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence, money-making; crafty.

Translations

 * Arabic: حَامِي الطَّبْع, مِزَاجِيّ
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Vietnamese:

 * Spanish:

 * Middle English: mercurial, Mercurial

 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: живачен
 * Interlingua: mercurial
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: съдържащ живак
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: kwikhoudend
 * Finnish: elohopeapitoinen
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Russian:

Adjective

 * , pertaining to mercury (metal)

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

Noun

 * 1)  A plant belonging to the genus ; a goosefoot.

Adjective

 * 1)  ; pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Mercury

Etymology
, from.

title: mercurial


text:
longbow

Noun

 * 1) A large bow that has a strong tension, and is usually more than 3 feet tall. The most famous longbows in history were the English longbows, which were crafted of yew.

Derived terms

 * draw the longbow

Translations

 * Catalan: arc llarg
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 長弓
 * Danish: langbue
 * Dutch: langboog
 * Estonian: pikkvibu
 * Finnish:
 * French: arc long anglais
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: קשת ארוכה
 * Hungarian: hosszúíj
 * Irish: bogha fada
 * Japanese:, ロングボウ
 * Korean: 장궁
 * Macedonian: долг лак
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: langbue
 * Portuguese: arco longo
 * Russian: большо́й лук,
 * Spanish: arco largo
 * Swedish: långbåge
 * Võro: pikkvibu
 * Waray-Waray: halaba nga pana

title: longbow


text:
Talk:darmstadtium

Do the translations of this element really have an initial capital? This seems very unlikely. Many other elements get their names from proper nouns (eg, americium and curium) but are not capitalised. Paul G 10:25, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * No they don't. Only German and some German dialects capitalize nouns.Polyglot 12:56, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks. Only the German should have an initial capital, I think.  Recapitalising.

Plurals
I disabled plurals for Estonian and Finnish but Latin actually has the plural form of's created. Candidates for RFD? Neitrāls vārds (talk) 00:00, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:darmstadtium


text:
Talk:vi

Although the Portuguese and Spanish entries are identical, I've separated these in case either one is updated and also in case an entry for another language coming alphabetically between them is added. Paul G 11:37, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I think that makes most sense. Even when the spelling is the same between two languages. Often the pronunciation or the conjugation differs.Polyglot 12:44, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Is VI really famous? Among Unix users, perhaps. I'm deleting "famous" from the entry. Paul G 11:37, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Changed it to most ubiquitous. It's the text editor one is almost guaranteed to find on all unix like OSsPolyglot 12:44, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Is VI a proper noun? Is it capitalised? The command itself is lower case. Paul G 11:41, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I don't know, so I just put both possible ways of writing it. (I know there are two more)Polyglot 12:44, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I would like to propose to use this entry as a template of how entries are formatted on Wiktionary. I think it makes sense to have ====Translations==== on the fourth level. What do the other wiktionarians think?Polyglot 12:44, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree that having Translations on the fourth level makes sense. I've had a look at the page and it looks great.  It's very clearly laid out.  I second Polyglot's proposal. Paul G 16:28, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

RFV discussion
Product name. WT:BRAND. DCDuring TALK 22:56, 4 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The text editor "vi" is not a physical product. WT:CFI says: "A brand name for a physical product should be included if it has entered the lexicon. ...". Thus, WT:BRAND does not apply to "vi". --Dan Polansky 10:46, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
 * vi may be distributed on tangible media. In any event, bits are physical. WT:BRAND does not say tangible. Furthermore, at sufficiently high voltage bits could be tangible. Therefore, WT:BRAND does apply. DCDuring TALK 11:46, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
 * If a text editor ("vi", "Word", "Emacs") is a physical product, then I do not know what a non-physical product looks like. All information products (including books, movies and software) are distributed to human minds via physical media, but that does not make them physical products. Furthermore, it is not even clear that "vi" is a brand. --Dan Polansky 12:18, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Me neither. I would find it hard to believe that a book, a DVD, or a disk-based or on-hardware would be covered, but not the same content distributed by other physical means. How about lodging or equipment rental, where title to the physical element involved doesn't change hands? Or how about a company that sells electricity or exhibits movies or provides entertainment services? It is, of course, no tribute to the quality of our drafting that such an ambiguity was included and to our amendment process that the need for interpretationme ne has remained for so long. DCDuring TALK 15:18, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It would be like when buying a CD, saying that the CD is a physical product, but the music on the CD is a non-physical product. It's a spurious distinction to make, I'm not sure it can be upheld. Mglovesfun (talk) 12:36, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Is any one of you saying that the name of a song distributed on a gramophone record as a single is a "brand name for a physical product"? Are you saying that an MP3 song stored in an MP3 player is a physical product, per bits being physical? What is the role of "physical" in the phrase "physical product", if any; is "physical" superfluous in the phrase "physical product"? --Dan Polansky 12:52, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I wasn't saying that, but that would be an extension of the same line of reasoning. I see no reason why an MP3 song title should be any different from a physical book's title. The think the role of "physical" is to define a starting point for the kind of extensions of meaning that naturally occur as one uses terms to apply to the real world. Another possibility is that the author intended only to exclude the brand image, the intangibles that advertisers view as the essence of a brand. DCDuring TALK 13:07, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that the title of a book is a "brand name of a physical product"? --Dan Polansky 13:19, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Well a book is a physical product. Not sure that the title could be considered a brand name, though. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:27, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Certainly not all book titles have been trademarked. Some band names are service marks, which is wholly analogous to trademark for cases where there is even less tangibility than in the case of software. We can loose ourselves of the bonds of ordinary language by taking a legalistic, Humpty-Dumptyish approach of fixed the meaning of certain words for our purposes, risking the attendant inflexibility. DCDuring TALK 15:07, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't see how any product can be wholly non-physical. If I download something, it leaves a physical trace my my hard drive. Perhaps 'physical' is just redundant in this instance. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:16, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

RFV failed, English section removed: no one added any citations, WT:BRAND-meeting or otherwise. And our definition was too controversial to live! —Ruakh TALK 19:58, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

RFV discussion: January–April 2017
"British, colloquial, pejorative: village idiot", with a citation from "a Religious Studies teacher" (unnamed) in 2012! If this fails, also remove the link to it at village idiot. Equinox ◑ 19:31, 11 January 2017 (UTC)

 * RFV-failed. - -sche (discuss) 03:24, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:vi


text:
Talk:what

Early misc
The relative pronouns need to be checked. The Fr and Es ones were wrong - the relative pronoun and interrogative pronoun are different in each of these two languages. The same might apply to the other languages already listed.

My accent has the wine-whine merger, and I definitely don't pronounce "what" the same as "watt". Could we have more specific dialects? --Bran

 * If you have the merger, you pronounce them the same. If not, then 'wine' and 'whine' are as different as 'watt' and 'what'.129.67.89.165 16:34, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Even if your accent has the whine-wine merger, you could still pronounce them differently, as I do. An example is when one pronounces "what" as [wʌt] and "watt" as [wɑt]. It seems that only in British English, and with the whine-wine merger would someone pronounce these two words as the same.

Can someone change this please?

 * Done. Ferike333 21:34, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Expression
The British expression 'what' as in 'It's rather late, what?' is outdated. I know of no one who talks that way and no dictionary which lists it.--90.197.254.70 15:54, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
 * If it's outdated then it exists. It pretty much nullifies your argument. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:58, 22 September 2010 (UTC)

 * If my argument were that it doesn't exist, I would be incorrect. My argument is that it isn't current. It could be marked as 'obsolete' or 'archaic' like other entries are.--90.197.216.67 21:49, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

"Interjection"
Hmm, we have two senses under that heading. (As a Yank, i think i've never heard the what-what variant of the second sense, but the second-sense "What" and/or the Eh-wot that i think i've assumed to be interchangeable with it seems familiar from films. But i digress...) We call its use, as the first word of a sentence and followed by a comma, an interjection (as if distinct from the interrogative pronoun), and at least in effect back that up by the example
 * What! That’s amazing.

I sadly note that i can't imagine saying it in a way that justifies that punctuation, tho i find
 * What? That’s amazing!

quite plausible, and assume by default that they don't designate two oral forms that are worth non-specialists (if anyone) distinguishing between. So i wonder why anyone would construe that pronunciation onto those three words, and why they have not offered a more compelling example of a sentence whose only word is "what". I also note both that the interrobang remains pretty much a curiosity, and that identifying an interjection that parallels any interrogative pronoun strikes me as redundant to the following intuition: that any sentence whose only word is an interrogative pronoun has its pronunciation better represented with either a question mark, question mark followed by exclamation point, or interrobang, than by an exclamation point. (And its meaning strikes me as no better represented by an exclamation point.) --Jerzy•t 10:28, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

Adverb
The defn i found was
 * Such; this is; that is.

and was accompanied by the examples
 * What a pity.
 * What a beautiful day!

but those examples are misleading as evidence of the role that "what" plays in them. If i say "Pity." (without any particular stress) i probably mean "That is admittedly a minor misfortune, but i deny culpability for my role in its occurrence, and if those affected think i screwed them, they expect too much from life." "What" and "Such" each act, before the "a " construction, to intensify the predication of the noun, or to intensify the adjective(s), indicating e.g. a notable pity or a notably beautiful day -- and intensification is an adverbial function. The elision of "this is" or "that is" is a separate phenomenon and non-adverbial, and happens to co-occur with "what" for reasons unrelated to the adverbial sense of "what". Such elision may occur unaccompanied by intensification, as when we exit a building and i utter "Hmm, damp." (bcz i didn't bring any rubbers) or we exit a cave and i utter "Sundown." (bcz we'd anticipated traversing a half hour's worth of woods in daylight). In a line, "this is" or "that is" is never part of the meaning of adverbial "what", and to treat them as part of what "what" itself implies tends to belie the identification of the grammatical role of "what" as being adverbial. So i have eliminated those two supposed (and non-adverbial) meanings for "what"; i doubt there are any usages where either --Jerzy•t 10:28, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) the function is not intensification, or
 * 2) specifying which entity is implicitly intended by the noun phrase following "What" is markedly more informative than specifying what entity would be intended if the noun phrase had occurred without "What" before it.

 * We give "what a beautiful day!" as an adverb, but "what a talent!" as a determiner. I believe this is contradictory. Equinox ◑ 00:23, 5 April 2016 (UTC)

Determiner what: inanimate and animate, either human and non-human
Shuld the article mention that the determiner what is used for both singular or plural (in)animate beings, either human or non-human? --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:59, 15 August 2019 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May–June 2020
This may be a bit unorthodox, but I am requesting citations for North American /ʍɑt/ and /wɑt/, which the pronunciation section claims are used.

Anything but /ʍʌt/ and /wʌt/ sounds either affected or jocular (I could imagine /wɑt/ [and maybe /ʍɑt/] in some "online funny talk" or something like that) in North American English.

So I am requesting citations for those asserted pronunciations in North American English. Tharthan (talk) 05:44, 30 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Although I agree that the vowel is far more common than the  vowel in the North American stressed pronunciation of what, both American Heritage and Merriam-Webster list the  pronunciation first, before the  pronunciation. —Mahāgaja · talk 07:18, 30 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd love to see three uses, not mentions, in support of any pronunciation. It must be fun having neither to cite or reference one's contributions. DCDuring (talk) 00:54, 31 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Obviously that's difficult for pronunciations, but I would consider rhymes and puns to be "use, not mention" evidence. For the case at hand, one example supporting the pronunciation is "", where  is made to rhyme with . An example supporting the  pronunciation is the 1980s bumper sticker "I Know Watt's Wrong". —Mahāgaja · talk 07:55, 31 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Obviously citations could support pronunciations here, should our phoneticians just choose to not exempt themselves from the need for such support. The web is awash with speech and song. We could even allow support from authority, ie, other dictionaries. DCDuring (talk) 01:52, 21 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I am closing this as resolved. Citations cannot show pronunciation, but has produced about the most one can expect. Kiwima (talk) 22:53, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

conjunction
That: I don't know but what I'll go https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=what --Backinstadiums (talk) 14:45, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's a dialectal form (maybe American/US?). It feels like a replacement for that perhaps. Equinox ◑ 15:21, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
 * but (what) (Informal Conjunction) but what, but that; but who; who or that… not:

Who knows but what the sun may still shine. --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:30, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

 * This conjunction is in Chambers 1908 too, defined rather cryptically as "that, as in but what, that ... not". (In other words, e.g. "who knows but what X will happen" means "who knows that X will not happen".) Equinox ◑ 15:46, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

Pronoun: how much
Pronoun (used in questions): how much? What does it cost? https://www.wordreference.com/definition/WHAT --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:32, 27 September 2020 (UTC)

 * We have it. Sense 1. First thing on the page. Equinox ◑ 17:34, 27 September 2020 (UTC)

2. the thing or things that; whatever What you need is a good meal. Nobody knows what will happen next. I spent what little time I had with my family.
[https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/what?q=what 2. the thing or things that; whatever:] ''What you need is a good meal. I spent what little time I had with my family.'' Strangely enough, Oxford's defines both meanings in a single second sense...--Backinstadiums (talk) 19:37, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: January–February 2021
Tagged by 2003:de:3727:ff66:943c:e458:552c:9b20 today (using the RFC template; specifically the adverb section), not listed: “Chaucer and Malory aren't English but Middle English. (+ RfV for the English senses which have non-English cites?” J3133 (talk) 09:52, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 15:15, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

"adjective"???
Regarding this sense:
 * Wow! What a speech.

How is this an adjective, and not a determiner? If it's really an adjective, wouldn't you say:
 * Wow! A what speech.

This looks a lot like a determiner to me. -- Mocha2007 (talk) 13:56, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Probably. Compare (as in "such a good boy"). Equinox ◑ 13:58, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

unstressed /(h)wət/
unstressed /(h)wət/ --Backinstadiums (talk) 09:00, 19 May 2021 (UTC)

RFD discussion: December 2021–January 2022
RFD alleged adverb sense:

 * 1)  In some manner or degree; in part; partly. See also what with
 * This leads to an uncertain situation for creditors what would negatively affect the willingness to provide credit.
 * This leads to an uncertain situation for creditors what would negatively affect the willingness to provide credit.
 * This leads to an uncertain situation for creditors what would negatively affect the willingness to provide credit.

Previously discussed at Tea_room/2021/December. Appears to be largely nonsense, though I am happy to be corrected if anyone can explain why there is anything here worth keeping. None of the definitions are substitutable into the two "finance" examples. The definitions may just about be grammatically substitutable into the "what with" example, but they do not seem to accurately capture the meaning of "what". There is no obvious connection between the "what with" usage and the "finance" examples. The "finance" examples do not appear to be correct standard English, and the only interpretation so far is that they are faulty or nonstandard uses of "what" as a relative pronoun (standard English "which" or "that"), which is dealt with elsewhere at what, possibly committed by non-native writers. Mihia (talk) 15:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Delete. The first usex is an instance of ; the others somewhat ungrammatical substitutions for (nonrestrictive) relative, referring back to a clause. Note that German would use here, which in other contexts corresponds to  (Ich weiß nicht, was soll es bedeuten, daß ich so traurig bin.).  --Lambiam 18:18, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
 * This quote from Lorelei can be read simply as an embedded question, I don' t know, what should it mean, that I so sorry am. The word order is unusual (today, at least), but the unusual part translates fine into English, and I would chalk it up to poetic licence either way. ApisAzuli (talk) 21:28, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Delete; even if it's not deleted, I would move any cites of the form of the second and third usexes to be under the pronoun sense what they're actually using (they's uses of a dialectal pronoun what is in no way pacific to finance). - -sche (discuss) 16:23, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
 * To my mind, the second and third usexes are very atypical of native nonstandard use of "what" as a relative pronoun. The topic is not colloquial, and the rest of the language is relatively formal and advanced, with the "what"s sticking out like the proverbial. For this reason, I would personally discard these examples altogether. Mihia (talk) 15:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Good point, I agree. - -sche (discuss) 21:44, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Comment. I think that the "what with" usage is not completely restricted to "with", but can exist with some other prepositions, albeit much more rarely (or in old language). M-W says "used principally before phrases beginning with with" (my emphasis), but does not actually give any non-with examples. However, I think this may be one:
 * "The Chinese of all ranks, and in every place, received my books gladly, and listened with patience to what I had to say about the true God.—So that what from opportunities of attending to the object of my Mission among the Chinese—what from seasons of religious instruction to Dutch and English—what from intercourse with gentlemen of education and knowledge of the world—what from occasions of stating clearly the object of Missions, and of endeavouring to remove prejudices against them—and what from the view of a highly cultivated country, happy under an enlightened and liberal government, I have much reason to be satisfied with this journey, [...]"
 * I think we ought to include this usage of "what" somehow, though I propose that we start again from scratch, so still delete the present effort. I'm not even sure what PoS it is. Other dictionaries say adverb, but it isn't very obvious to me why it is an adverb. Mihia (talk) 15:01, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I have now added this new entry, with examples for both "what from" and "what by". Mihia (talk) 18:03, 7 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I have after some careless considerstion come to the opinion that it might reflect the old subjunctive, the one that was replaced by optative that is now subjunctive. Then I went reading up on the Ancient Greek subjunctive and fell asleep. Romanian too introduces subjunctives with a conjunction, ša. So ... would that be totally crazy? Anyway, I won't vote keep on it as the examples seem made up on the spot by the IP who added it and at least one the examples procured by Lambi are clearly ESL (the 2nd, missing determiners), or avoiding a comparative where the standard would prefer than (the first). That got me thinking about substandard German wie ("klüger wie du", "mehr Niveau als wie du") and the now removed adverbial sense from 2016 "what to water, what to land", where "wie" would work similar to "bald" (cf. DWDS) and "so", hence my allusion to the auxilary verbs with the same initials. ApisAzuli (talk) 21:40, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
 * The second and third usexes of the third adverbial sense are non-standard uses of ‘what’ to mean ‘that’ or ‘which’ (and bear no relation to the claimed definition) and the first example ‘what with the singing and dancing’ comes under the new sense 2 as it suggests that singing and dancing led to a certain consequence, not necessarily that they only in part led to that consequence. So delete. Overlordnat1 (talk) 10:47, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

RFD-deleted. --Fytcha (talk) 14:52, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

Unusual use in Dickens
How do we parse this one? "What time" here evidently means "at the (same) time as".

 * 1848, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son
 * At all events, towards the Toodle habitation Miss Tox directed her steps one evening, what time Mr Toodle, cindery and swart, was refreshing himself with tea, in the bosom of his family.

Equinox ◑ 23:32, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
 * A contraction like but with -time, as in ? Ie. in place of a fused relative, at which time. ApisAzuli (talk) 07:31, 14 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:what


text:
acetimeter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar

Related terms

 * acetimetric

Translations

 * Catalan: acetímetre
 * Esperanto: acetimetro
 * Finnish: asetometri
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Italian: acetimetro
 * Malay: asetimeter
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: acetometer
 * Polish: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: acetimeter


text:
acetimetry

Noun

 * 1)  The ascertaining of the strength of vinegar by measurement of the proportion of acetic acid in it

Translations

 * Italian: acetimetria

title: acetimetry


text:
acetin

Noun

 * 1)  the triglyceride of acetic acid

Related terms

 * acetoglyceride

Translations

 * Hindi:

title: acetin


text:
acetize

Verb

 * 1)  To acetify.

title: acetize


text: acetometer

title: acetometer


text:
Talk:chair

Removed from first def: "Without back and arm rests it is called a stool. A chair for more persons is a couch, sofa, settee, loveseat or bench."

Should the definition mention that a chair is movable or portable? Gypsydoctor 22:00, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

In academia they talk about "holding a chair" at a department etc. This is missing here. WillNess 11:21, 2 November 2011 (UTC)
 * added. SemperBlotto 11:26, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

She took the chair at the meeting
TAKE (transitive verb): to assume control of something as somebody who holds authority She took the chair at the meeting. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 What meaning applies to "the chair" in that example? --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:11, 3 February 2020 (UTC)

Preposition IN
When a chair is a comfortable one, you usually say that someone sits in it. --Backinstadiums (talk) 08:18, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:chair


text:
apothecary

Etymology
From, from , from , earlier , from , from +  literally "a place where things are put away". .

Noun

 * : a person who sells medicine, especially one who made and sold their own medicines in the medieval or early modern eras.
 * : an apothecary's shop, a drugstore.
 * 1) * 1919, S.A., “Pharmacy in Russia”, in Soviet Russia, volume 1, number 27, page 6:
 * The Russian people as a whole almost revered the apothecary, and they entered it as they would enter a sanctum.
 * 1) * 2001, Audrey Horning, “Archeology and the Science of Discovery”, in Barbara Heath et al., Jamestown Archeological Assessment, U.S. National Parks Service, page 31:
 * Seeds found in a 1630s refuse-filled clay borrow pit, located near an apothecary, illustrate colonistscolonists’ [sic] intense interest in experimenting with the medicinal qualities of New World plants.
 * 1)  A glass jar of the sort once used for storing medicine.
 * 1) * 2001, Audrey Horning, “Archeology and the Science of Discovery”, in Barbara Heath et al., Jamestown Archeological Assessment, U.S. National Parks Service, page 31:
 * Seeds found in a 1630s refuse-filled clay borrow pit, located near an apothecary, illustrate colonistscolonists’ [sic] intense interest in experimenting with the medicinal qualities of New World plants.
 * 1)  A glass jar of the sort once used for storing medicine.
 * 1)  A glass jar of the sort once used for storing medicine.

Translations

 * Marathi: औषधविक्रेता
 * Tamil: அப்போதிக்கரி

title: apothecary


text:
apotheosis

Etymology
, from, from verb (factitive verb formed from  with intensive prefix ) +. .

Noun

 * 1) The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification.
 * , exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status.
 * 1) * 1974, Per Lord Hailsham, Smedleys Ltd v Breed [1974]2 All ER 21(HL) at 24:
 * "en"
 * , exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status.
 * 1) * 1974, Per Lord Hailsham, Smedleys Ltd v Breed [1974]2 All ER 21(HL) at 24:
 * "en"
 * 1) * 1974, Per Lord Hailsham, Smedleys Ltd v Breed [1974]2 All ER 21(HL) at 24:
 * "en"
 * "en"

- Thereafter, the caterpillar achieved a sort of posthumous apotheosis. From local authority to the Dorchester magistrates, from the Dorchester magistrates to a Divisional Court presided over by the Lord Chief Justice of England, from the Lord Chief Justice to the House of Lords, the immolated insect has at length plodded its methodical way to the highest tribunal in the land.

 * 1) A glorified example or ideal; the apex or pinnacle (of a concept or belief).
 * 2) The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development).
 * 3)  Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.
 * 4)  The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
 * 1) The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development).
 * 2)  Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.
 * 3)  The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
 * 1)  Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.
 * 2)  The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
 * 1)  The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
 * 1)  The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: обожествяване
 * Dutch:, vergoding,
 * Esperanto: apoteozo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: Gottwerdung,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀποθέωσις
 * Hebrew: הַאֲלָהָה
 * Hungarian:, istenné nyilvánítás,  , istenné válás
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:, , divinizzazione
 * Japanese: 神格化
 * Korean: 신으로 모심, 신격화(神格化)
 * Macedonian: апотео́за, боготворење
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: pagdidiyos, pamamathala

 * Finnish:
 * German:, , Verherrlichung,
 * Hungarian:, , , , ,
 * Italian:, , , , , magnificazione
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 典範, 榜樣
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 巔峯
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Portuguese:, ,

 * Russian:

Etymology
, from verb (factitive verb formed from  with intensive prefix ).

Noun

 * , deification

title: apotheosis


text:
epicurean

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Pursuing pleasure, especially in reference to food or comfort.
 * 2) Devoted to luxurious living.
 * 1) Devoted to luxurious living.
 * 1) Devoted to luxurious living.

Synonyms

 * See

Noun

 * 1) One who is devoted to pleasure.

Usage notes
Modern accepted use of the terms epicurean and refers often to the appreciation of, and indulgence in good food (gourmet), luxury, hedonism, and sensual pleasure. This strays significantly from the original philosophic intent of Epicureanism. The philosophy indeed elevated pleasure and happiness as the most worthy pursuit, but specifically warned against fine food and frequent sex, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later. Instead, the goal was a long-term pleasure, marked by serenity and temperance, achieved through moderation rather than indulging. Modern senses of gourmet, luxury, hedonism, sensual pleasure and lust are mostly in contrast with the original ancient teachings.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:sensualist
 * See also Thesaurus:sensualist
 * See also Thesaurus:sensualist

title: epicurean


text:
hedonistic

Adjective

 * 1) Devoted to pleasure

Translations

 * Asturian: hedonista
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: hedonistisk
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: hedonisma
 * Estonian: hedonistlik
 * French:
 * Galician: hedonista
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: φιλήδονος
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: гедоністи́чний

Etymology
.

title: hedonistic


text:
Saturnian

Adjective

 * 1)  Related to the planet Saturn.
 * 2) Related to the Roman god Saturn.
 * 3) Dour, baleful or sullen.
 * 4) Resembling a golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment.
 * 5)  Involving a meter consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, employed by satirists in Ancient Rome.
 * 1)  Involving a meter consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, employed by satirists in Ancient Rome.

Synonyms

 * Cronian
 * Kronian
 * Saturnial
 * Saturnine

Noun

 * 1)  An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.
 * 2) A Saturnian poem

Translations

 * Arabic: زُحَلِيٌّ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 土星人
 * Esperanto: saturnano, saturnanino
 * French: ,
 * Irish: Satarnach
 * Japanese: 土星人
 * Polish: Saturnianin, Saturnianka

title: Saturnian


text:
Talk:kata

What does "makan" mean in this context? Some searching suggests that it is an Indonesian work often associated with "kata". I would like to add a definition for the Japanese word "kata", as used in English in martial arts and manufacturing, but I guess I need to figure out how to do justice to the current placement of "makan" (or if I can't make heads or tails of it, eliminate it and hope someone stops by who can restore it with some more explicit context). Does anyone have any suggestions?

 * I've eliminated it for now. -- Ortonmc 22:24, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:kata


text:
libertarian

Etymology
, dating from 1789.

formed from, from Latin and the suffix , from Latin.

The word first appeared in English in 1789 in William Belsham's Essays. This was contrasted with necessitarian, in the context of free will, and was not used in the current sense.

The French word is first attested in a letter in May 1857 by French anarcho-communist Joseph Déjacque to anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, reading:
 * “Anarchiste juste-milieu, libéral et non LIBERTAIRE…”

In translation:
 * “A centrist anarchist, liberal and not LIBERTARIAN…”

hence the sense is of “extreme left-wing”.

The French term was popularized as a euphemism for anarchist in the 1890s, following the lois scélérates, when anarchist publications were banned by law in France.

The sense of “pro-property individualist” developed in the US in the 1940s, and was popularized in the 1950s. In the 1940s, Leonard Read began calling himself “libertarian” to contrast with “classical liberal”. In 1955, Dean Russell also promoted use of the word, writing: “Let those of us who love liberty trademark and reserve for our own use the good and honorable word ‘libertarian’.”

Noun

 * 1) One who advocates liberty, either generally or in relation to a specific issue.
 * 2)  A believer in right-libertarianism, a political doctrine that emphasizes individual liberty and a lack of governmental regulation, intervention, and oversight both in matters of the economy (‘free market’) and in personal behavior where no one’s rights are being violated or threatened.
 * 3)  A left-libertarian, an antiauthoritarian believer in both individual freedom and social justice (social equality and mutual aid).
 * 4)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.
 * 1)  A believer in right-libertarianism, a political doctrine that emphasizes individual liberty and a lack of governmental regulation, intervention, and oversight both in matters of the economy (‘free market’) and in personal behavior where no one’s rights are being violated or threatened.
 * 2)  A left-libertarian, an antiauthoritarian believer in both individual freedom and social justice (social equality and mutual aid).
 * 3)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.
 * 1)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.
 * 1)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.
 * 1)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.
 * 1)  A believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny, i.e. a believer in free will as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 自由意志主義者, 行動自由論者
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: libertario, libertaria
 * Georgian: ლიბერტარიანელი
 * Hungarian: libertárius
 * Italian:, libertaria
 * Macedonian: слободар
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish: ,

Adjective

 * 1) Having the beliefs of libertarians; having a relative tendency towards liberty.
 * 2)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
 * 1)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
 * 1)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
 * 1)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
 * 1)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
 * 1)  Relating to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 自由論者
 * French:
 * Georgian: ლიბერტარიანული
 * Kazakh: либертариандық, либертарианшыл

title: libertarian


text:
インドネシア語

Proper noun

 * 1) bahasa Indonesia, Indonesian; the national language of Indonesia

title: インドネシア語


text:
Talk:インドネシア語

Umm, this means Indonesian. Why is the text "hon"? -- Emperorbma 01:28, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:インドネシア語


text:
pleasure

Etymology
From Early Modern English, , alteration (with ending accommodated to ) of , from , , infinitive used as a noun, conjugated form of or , from , from the. Related to 🇨🇬. More at.

Noun

 * 1)  A state of being pleased or contented; gratification.
 * 2)  A person, thing or action that causes enjoyment.
 * 3)  Sexual enjoyment.
 * 4)  One's preference.
 * 5)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  A person, thing or action that causes enjoyment.
 * 2)  Sexual enjoyment.
 * 3)  One's preference.
 * 4)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  Sexual enjoyment.
 * 2)  One's preference.
 * 3)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  Sexual enjoyment.
 * 2)  One's preference.
 * 3)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  One's preference.
 * 2)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.
 * 1)  The will or desire of someone or some agency in power.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * American Sign Language: OpenB@Chest-PalmBack RoundSurface
 * Arabic: مُتْعَة, لَذَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: plãtseare
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: atsegin
 * Belarusian: задавальне́нне, прые́мнасць
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: fornøjelse, behag
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:, agrableco
 * Estonian: lõbu
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სიამოვნება
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌸𐌿𐍃
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient Greek: ἦδος
 * Haitian Creole: plezi
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, , , , the latter two often imply sexual pleasure
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: placer
 * Irish: pléisiúr
 * Italian:, piacimento,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:, , ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خۆشی
 * Latgalian: prīca
 * Latin: iucunditas, delectatio, oblectatio, delectamentum, gaudium, dulcedo
 * Latvian:
 * Ligurian: piâxéi
 * Lithuanian: malonumas
 * Lombard:
 * Luxembourgish: Plëséier
 * Macedonian: задоволство
 * Maori: rēhia
 * Mauritian Creole: jos
 * Mongolian: баяр жаргал
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: lust
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: plaschair
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: tlachd, gàirdeachas
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: задово̀љство, ужи́так
 * Roman: ,
 * Seychellois Creole: plezir
 * Slovak: potešenie
 * Slovene: užitek
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: anasa
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog:, kalugdan
 * Thai: ความปิติยินดี
 * Tocharian B: wīna, yāso
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: задово́лення, приє́мність
 * Urdu:
 * Vietnamese: niềm vui thích
 * Welsh: bodd, boddhâd, hyfrydwch, mwynhâd, mwyniant,
 * Yiddish: הנאה, חיות, עונג, תּענוג, פֿאַרגעניגן, וווילטאָג, נחת

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:, kef, hüsn , , , səfa,
 * Catalan:
 * Esperanto: agrablaĵo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:, , for an activity ,
 * Italian:
 * Ligurian: piâxéi
 * Luxembourgish: Plëséier
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , , , плотские радости,
 * Scottish Gaelic: tlachd
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: задово̀љство, ужи́так
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: утіха, втіха, розра́да

 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Danish: vellyst
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: sámhas
 * Italian:
 * Latin: voluptas
 * Norwegian: vellyst
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tocharian B: ykāssäññe, yśelme
 * Turkish:

 * Albanian:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,

 * Hungarian:, , , ,
 * Italian: piacimento

 * American Sign Language: OpenB@Chest-PalmBack RoundSurface
 * Czech:
 * German: Vergnügen bereiten (being pleased)
 * Russian:, доставля́ть удово́льствие,

Interjection

 * 1) pleased to meet you, "It's my pleasure"

Verb

 * 1)  To give or afford pleasure to.
 * 2)  To give sexual pleasure to.
 * 3)  To take pleasure; to seek or pursue pleasure.
 * 1)  To give sexual pleasure to.
 * 2)  To take pleasure; to seek or pursue pleasure.
 * 1)  To take pleasure; to seek or pursue pleasure.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Esperanto: plezuri
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

title: pleasure


text:
Talk:state

Re: noun definition #2. I don't think it should be restricted to the US, as I believe there are other countries that are subdivided into "states". The Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR) comes to mind. -- Ortonmc 02:23, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Very well, I have revised it. -- Emperorbma 03:25, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

State also exists as an adjective, as in state archive (German staatlich, Staats-). Could this be added for completeness' sake? --137.248.81.154 07:25, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
 * In English, almost any noun can be used to modify another noun. If it were an adjective, you would be able to say things like " that archive is state ". Even in German, "Staats-" is a noun. Chuck Entz (talk) 13:17, 9 August 2018 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May 2019
RFV sense (bold): "A political division of a federation retaining a notable degree of autonomy, as in the United States or Germany;  any province." Julia ☺ ☆ 15:13, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

 * cited Kiwima (talk) 02:05, 14 May 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm interpreting the "any province" sense as someone saying "the states of Switzerland" or "Ontario is the most populous state in Canada"; for me your cites don't really support this sense. Maybe the definition needs to be reworded. Julia ☺ ☆ 17:51, 14 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, I certainly didn't find any evidence for that. I interpreted it to mean analogous to a province. Kiwima (talk) 22:40, 14 May 2019 (UTC)

RFV-resolved. I removed the offending by extension clause. Kiwima (talk) 21:45, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

Verb senses
We have: 1. declare to be a fact; 2. make known. Chambers 1908 has: "to set forth: to express the details of: to set down fully and formally: to narrate: to set in order: to settle." For once I think we're better. Equinox ◑ 18:14, 5 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:state