text:
Appendix:Glossary of library and information science

A

 * abstract - a brief set of statements that summarize, classifies, evaluates, or describes the important points of a text, particularly a journal article. An abstract is typically found on the first page of a scholarly article. Because an abstract summarizes an article, it is very useful for either browsing or keyword searching.

 * annotation - an explanatory or critical note or commentary. Annotation is also the process of adding an explanatory or critical note or commentary to a text. Reference lists are often annotated with comments about what each resource covered and how useful it was.

 * appendix - a group of supplementary material appended to a text. It is usually related to the material in the main part of the text but not so closely related to it that it should be put into the main text. Put background information and supporting facts in the appendices. An example of a file that should be put in an appendix is a file of detailed charts and graphs of recent research closely related to the paper's main topic.

 * archive - a place in which historical documents and other records are preserved. Usually operated by large organizations, they may or may not be open to the public. The University of Toronto, for example has an archive that requires a five story building and contains several climate controlled vaults. A virtual archive is similar except the documents have no physical presence and seldom have historical value.

 * author - an originator of a creative work, particularly a writer of a text. Searching by author can be an effective form of information gathering.

B

 * bibliography - a list of writings related to a specific subject, writings by a specific author, or writings used in producing a specific text.

 * bibliographic database - a computer based list of library resources. Typically each record contains the call number, author, title, publishing information, and other card catalog information.

 * boolean logic - the algebraic system, developed by George Boole that is applied to Boolean expressions that contain Boolean operators such as AND, OR, NOT AND, and XOR (exclusive OR). This binary algebraic system is used primarily in switching circuits and database searches. Boolean operators are not to be confused with proximity operators such as NEAR..

 * to browse - to inspect something casually, particularly to use an internet browser to casually inspect Web pages. This involves following links from page to page (also called surfing) rather than searching directly. The main difference between browsing and searching is that with browsing you have very little advance knowledge of what will be on the next page.

C

 * call number - an identification marker used in libraries to categorize and locate books and other resources. Each resource is assigned a combination of letters and numbers which correspond with a location in the library. For example the call number for the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is BF76.7 .P83 2001.

 * catalog - a complete and systematically organized enumeration of items, particularly the complete enumeration of a libraries' resources on a set of paper cards (card catalog) or in an electronic database (bibliographic database).

 * citation - the quoting or mentioning of a source. All works used in preparing a paper should be cited.

 * citation search - a search, by name, of all references to an individual. Some databases have a specific citation search option, otherwise you use a full-text search. For an example of a database that has a specific citation search option go to the University of Michigan Library Database.

 * community analysis - the analysis of a set of people. Such analyses enable librarians to know the needs of patrons and hopefully provide better services to them.  In a city library district, the set of relevant people would be all those who live in the city or those people eligible to use the library. Analysis may also be restricted to a subset of eligible library users.

 * controlled vocabulary - limiting ones searches to the exact subject headings contained in the Library of Congress. An example would be "History - Bibliography etc". Some indexes, like Wilson Indexes, have their own system of headings and hence their own controlled vocabulary.

 * Copyright - the legal right granted to a copyright holder for the exclusive sale, distribution or reproduction of a creative work. It is a form of intellectual property that prevents others from using a creative work without consent of the owner. For example, Thomas Mann holds the copyright on the book The Oxford Guide to Library Research.

 * cross reference database - a collection of records that have one or more fields that reference other related records. These connections (for example between "marketing" and "promotion") make browsing very productive and allow related-items searches.

D

 * descriptor - an index term used to identify a record in a database. It can consist of a word, phrase, or alphanumerical term. It can describe the content of the record or be an arbitrary code. When a descriptor is descriptive, it can be an effective search parameter.

 * dissertation - a written treatise or thesis, usually lengthy, usually authored by a doctoral candidate, usually directed by a faculty advisor, and usually intended to advance the state of the art in a given discipline. There can be an oral component to the process, in which the dissertation must be defended in front of critical judges. Dissertation searches are valuable because of their currency.

 * document delivery - the transfer of a database record, or other information resource, to the end user. It can involve direct internet or email transfers, CD delivery via mail, paper delivery via mail, or delivery via interlibrary loan.

E

 * edition - a version of a published text, or all the instances of a published text issued at a given time. An example would be the 2nd edition (2001).

 * entry - any record, or a field in a record, that has been included, or entered, into a database.

 * entry word - the headword in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or glossary.

F

 * field - an element of a database record. It contains one type of information and has a unique address. All or most other records in the database have a similar field. An example is the field "name".

 * free-text search - a simple word or character search, usually with very few Boolean, proximity, or scope limiting options. It is simple and fast.
 * free-text search - a search in which all the entries are freed from their original format of presentation. Text that originated in a journal article looks much the same as text that originated in a glossary or chat room.
 * free-text search refers to the deliberate limiting of the scope of the search parameters to include only records that are available free of charge.

 * full text database - a collection of records containing complete versions of the original source, rather than just bibliographies, abstracts, or abridgements. An example is JSTOR. A related concept is that of a full text search which searches only sources that are complete, and ignores those records that are mere abstracts or descriptors.

I

 * interlibrary loan - when patrons of a library arrange for resources from other libraries to be sent to their library. This resource sharing system is being promoted by the International Federation of Library Associations.

J

 * journal - a periodical publication that presents articles in a specific subject area. They are usually scholarly. An example is The Journal of Marketing Research.

K

 * keyword searching - the searching of a database using a significant word from the title, abstract, or descriptor of a record as a point of reference to the article's overall content. This type of search is usually the best type to start with.

L

 * literature search - the search of traditional resources including books, catalogs, encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, bibliographies, handbooks, manuals, periodicals, indexes, yearbooks, gazetteers, directories, chronologies, almanacs, and guides. It is useful because it opens up a vast world of pre-1995 information that is not available online.

M

 * menu - a list of options from which a computer user can choose. This saves the user from having to memorize a set of commands. It also reduces the decision down to the basic information required (note the etymology from the French word minuet meaning small).

 * monograph - a written document (i.e., graph) on a single subject (i.e., mono). It is usually scholarly in nature and of approximately book length. They are valuable information sources because of their depth in a limited subject area.

O

 * ODLIS: Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science was created by Joan M. Reitz, and has become one of the leading Online dictionaries in LIS. According to Reitz, ODLIS has designed as a hypertext reference resource for library and information science professionals, university students and faculty, and users of all types of libraries.

 * operators are symbols that represent operations. In computer science there are binary and unary operators depending on the number of elements or records an operator acts on. In database searching there are Boolean and Proximity operators. Boolean operators are a subclass of logical operators (Logical operators are binary operators that manipulate data at the bit level.). A Boolean operator manipulates the binary value "true/false".

 * online catalog - a record of the holdings of an institution (usually a library), or group of institutions, that can be found on the internet. An example is UCSD's "Roger".

P

 * periodical index - an alphabetized listing of works that are published at regular intervals of more than one day.

 * plagiarism - the passing off as your own, the work of others'. Original sources are not given credit.

 * primary source - the originator of a primary record. A primary record is a resource created by the same people that initially experienced or used it. They create the records for their own purposes, records that often remain unpublished. Sometimes they witness an event, sometimes they are involved in an event, and sometimes the record is directly created by the event.

R

 * record - an individual entry in a database and simultaneously a collection of related data fields. Each field, although related, is of a different type to all the other fields in the record (and this is what differentiates a record from an array).

 * reference service - the personal assistance provided to the library users in finding information. All the functions performed by a trained librarian employed in the reference section of a library to meet the information needs of patrons (in person, by telephone, or electronically), including but not limited to answering substantive questions, instructing users in the selection and use of appropriate tools and techniques for finding information, conducting searches on behalf of the patron, directing users to the location of library resources, assisting in the evaluation of information, referring patrons to resources outside the library when appropriate, etc. are regarded as the services provided under library reference services.

 * review article - a periodical article that describes, analyses', and criticizes a book, journal article, movie, or other creative or academic work.

S

 * scholarly article - an article, usually in a scholarly journal, that deals with academic subject matter at an advanced level.

 * search strategy - a generalized set of technique used in the process of determining what information you currently have, determining what information you need, and determining how to get it. Some possible strategies include; controlled vocabulary searches, specific entry searches, browsing, general scanning, broad to narrow searches, adjacent item browsing, subject tracings searches, keyword searches, citation searches, literature searches, cross reference searches, and chat room questions and other direct people contact searches.

 * subject heading - the name of the category that a record is included under. For example, the record "natural frequency of vibration" might be found under the subject heading of "Acoustics", and acoustics, in tern, might be found under the subject heading "Physics".

 * subject directory - an hierarchical grouping of related subject headings. The tree structure shows relationships between subject headings. They can be found either inside a database or separate from a data base.

T

 * thesaurus - generally a book of synonyms, often also containing antonyms. An example is Roget's Thesaurus. In database searching, a thesaurus strategy is to use multiple iterations to search for related words and generate results. The database will often suggest synonyms and related words to try.

 * truncation - the shortening of a search word, field, or record. In the case of truncating a search word, this is a strategy used to search among multiple variants or spellings of a word. The asterisk (*) is generally used as a wildcard to replace a letter or letters. An example is invest* which will pick up instances of invest, investor, investments, investigations, etc. In some databases the asterisk must be accompanied with a number that define the number of characters that can be truncated.


text:
fagging

Noun

 * 1)  The system in boarding schools whereby younger students acted as servants for older students.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: fagging


text: fagged

title: fagged


text:
بندورة

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tomato

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tomatoes

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tomatoes

title: بندورة


text:
-kko

Etymology
From. Equivalent to (compare ). Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Usage notes
Usually added to the plural stem of the base noun.

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * This suffix doesn't always conform to vowel harmony:

title: -kko


text:
Appendix:Glossary of order theory

This is a glossary of some terms used in various branches of mathematics that are related to the fields of order, lattice, and domain theory. Note that there is a structured list of order topics available as well. Other helpful resources might be the following overview articles:

 * completeness properties of partial orders
 * distributivity laws of order theory
 * preservation properties of functions between posets.

In the following, partial orders will usually just be denoted by their carrier sets. As long as the intended meaning is clear from the context, ≤ will suffice to denote the corresponding relational symbol, even without prior introduction. Furthermore, < will denote the strict order induced by ≤.

A

 * Adjoint : See Galois connection.

 * Alexandrov topology : For a preordered set P, any upper set O is Alexandrov-open. Inversely, a topology is Alexandrov if any intersection of open sets is open.

 * Algebraic poset : A poset is algebraic if it has a base of compact elements.

 * Antichain : An antichain is a poset in which no two elements are comparable, i.e., there are no two distinct elements x and y such that x ≤ y. In other words, the order relation of an antichain is just the identity relation.

 * Approximates relation : See way-below relation.

 * relation : R on a set X is antisymmetric, if x R y and y R x implies x = y, for all elements x, y in X.

 * antitone : function f between posets P and Q is a function for which, for all elements x, y of P, x ≤ y (in P) implies f(y) ≤ f(x) (in Q). Another name for this property is order-reversing. In analysis, in the presence of total orders, such functions are often called monotonically decreasing, but this is not a very convenient description when dealing with non-total orders. The dual notion is called monotone or order-preserving.

 * asymmetric : A relation R on a set X is asymmetric, if x R y implies not y R x, for all elements x, y in X.

 * atom : In a poset P with least element 0, an element that is minimal among all elements that are unequal to 0.

 * atomic : poset P with least element 0 is one in which, for every non-zero element x of P, there is an atom a of P with a ≤ x.

B

 * Base : See continuous poset.

 * Boolean algebra : a distributive lattice with least element 0 and greatest element 1, in which every element x has a complement ¬x, such that x ∧ ¬x = 0 and x ∨ ¬x = 1.

 * bounded poset : One that has a least element 0 and a greatest element 1.

 * bounded complete : Of poset: if every of its subsets with some upper bound also has a least such upper bound. The dual notion is not common.

C

 * Chain : A chain is a totally ordered set or a totally ordered subset of a poset. See also total order.

 * Closure operator : A closure operator on the poset P is a function C : P → P that is monotone, idempotent, and satisfies C(x) ≥ x for all x in P.

 * Compact : An element x of a poset is compact if it is way below itself, i.e. x<<x. One also says that such an x is finite.

 * Comparable : Two elements x and y of a poset P are comparable if either x ≤ y or y ≤ x.

 * complete Boolean algebra : is a Boolean algebra that is a complete lattice.

 * Complete Heyting algebra : A Heyting algebra that is a complete lattice is called a complete Heyting algebra. This notion coincides with the concepts frame and locale.

 * Complete lattice : A complete lattice is a poset in which arbitrary (possibly infinite) joins (suprema) and meets (infima) exist.

 * Complete partial order : A complete partial order, or cpo, is a directed complete poset with least element.

 * Complete semilattice : The notion of a complete semilattice is defined in different ways. As explained in the article on completeness (order theory), any poset for which either all suprema or all infima exist is already a complete lattice. Hence the notion of a complete semilattice is sometimes used to coincide with the one of a complete lattice. In other cases, complete (meet-) semilattices are defined to be bounded complete cpos, which is arguably the most complete class of posets that are not already complete lattices.

 * Completely distributive lattice : A complete lattice is completely distributive if arbitrary joins distribute over arbitrary meets.

 * Completion : A completion of a poset is an order-embedding of the poset in a complete lattice.

 * Continuous poset : A poset is continuous if it has a base, i.e. a subset B of P such that every element x of P is the supremum of a directed set contained in {y in B | y<<x}.

 * Continuous function : See Scott-continuous.

 * Cover : An element y of a poset P is said to cover an element x of P if x < y and there is no element z of P such that x < z < y.

 * cpo : See complete partial order.

D

 * dcpo : See directed complete partial order.

 * dense order : poset P is one in which, for all elements x and y in P with x < y, there is an element z in P, such that x < z < y. A subset Q of P is dense in P if for any elements x < y in P, there is an element z in Q such that x < z < y.

 * Directed : A non-empty subset X of a poset P is called directed, if, for all elements x and y of X, there is an element z of X such that x ≤ z and y ≤ z. The dual notion is called filtered.

 * Directed complete partial order : A poset D is said to be a directed complete poset, or dcpo, if every directed subset of D has a supremum.

 * Distributive : A lattice L is called distributive if, for all x, y, and z in L, we find that x ∧ (y ∨ z) = (x ∧ y) ∨ (x ∧ z). This condition is known to be equivalent to its order dual. A meet-semilattice is distributive if for all elements a, b and x, a ∧ b ≤ x implies the existence of elements a'  ≥ a and b'  ≥ b such that a'  ∧ b'  = x. See also completely distributive.

 * Domain : Domain is a general term for objects like those that are studied in domain theory. If used, it requires further definition.

 * Down-set : See lower set.

 * Dual : For a poset (P, ≤), the dual order (P, ≥) is defined by setting x ≥ y if and only if y ≤ x. The dual order of P is sometimes denoted by Pop, and is also called opposite or converse order. Any order theoretic notion induces a dual notion, defined by applying the original statement to the order dual of a given set. This exchanges ≤ and ≥, meets and joins, zero and unit.

F

 * Filter : A subset X of a poset P is called a filter if it is a filtered upper set. The dual notion is called ideal.

 * Filtered : A non-empty subset X of a poset P is called filtered, if, for all elements x and y of X, there is an element z of X such that z ≤ x and z ≤ y. The dual notion is called directed.

 * Finite element : See compact.

 * Frame : A frame F is a complete lattice, in which, for every x in F and every subset Y of F, the infinite distributive law x ∧ $$\bigvee$$Y = $$\bigvee$${x ∧ y | y in Y} holds. Frames are also known as locales and as complete Heyting algebras.

G

 * Galois connection : Given two posets P and Q, a pair of monotone functions F:P → Q and G:Q → P is called a Galois connection, if F(x) ≤ y is equivalent to x ≤ G(y), for all x in P and y in Q. F is called the lower adjoint of G and G is called the upper adjoint of F.

 * Greatest element : For a subset X of a poset P, an element a of X is called the greatest element of X, if x ≤ a for every element x in X. The dual notion is called least element.

H

 * Heyting algebra : A Heyting algebra H is a bounded lattice in which the function fa: H → H, given by fa(x) = a ∧ x is the lower adjoint of a Galois connection, for every element a of H. The upper adjoint of fa is then denoted by ga, with ga(x) = a ⇒ x. Every Boolean algebra is a Heyting algebra.

I

 * ideal : A subset X of a poset P that is a directed lower set. The dual notion is called filter.

 * incidence algebra : Of a poset: the associative algebra of all scalar-valued functions on intervals, with addition and scalar multiplication defined pointwise, and multiplication defined as a certain convolution; see incidence algebra for the details.

 * infimum : For a poset P and a subset X of P, the greatest element in the set of lower bounds of X (if it exists, which it may not) is called the infimum, meet, or greatest lower bound of X. It is denoted by inf X or $$\bigwedge$$X. The infimum of two elements may be written as inf{x,y} or x ∧ y. If the set X is finite, one speaks of a finite infimum. The dual notion is called supremum.

 * interval : For two elements a, b of a partially ordered set P, the interval [a,b] is the subset {x in P | a ≤ x ≤ b} of P. If a ≤ b does not hold the interval will be empty.

 * irreflexive : A relation R on a set X is irreflexive, if there is no element x in X such that x R x.

J

 * Join : See supremum.

L

 * Lattice : A lattice is a poset in which all non-empty finite joins (suprema) and meets (infima) exist.

 * Least element : For a subset X of a poset P, an element a of X is called the least element of X, if a ≤ x for every element x in X. The dual notion is called greatest element.

 * Linear : See total order.

 * Locale : A locale is a complete Heyting algebra. Locales are also called frames and appear in Stone duality and pointless topology.

 * Locally finite poset : A partially ordered set P is locally finite if every interval [a, b] = {x in P | a ≤ x ≤ b} is a finite set.

 * Lower bound : A lower bound of a subset X of a poset P is an element b of P, such that b ≤ x, for all x in X. The dual notion is called upper bound.

 * Lower set : A subset X of a poset P is called a lower set if, for all elements x in X and p in P, p ≤ x implies that p is contained in X. The dual notion is called upper set.

M

 * Maximal element : A maximal element of a subset X of a poset P is an element m of X, such that m ≤ x implies m = x, for all x in X. The dual notion is called minimal element.

 * Meet : See infimum.

 * Minimal element : A minimal element of a subset X of a poset P is an element m of X, such that x ≤ m implies m = x, for all x in X. The dual notion is called maximal element.

 * Monotone : A function f between posets P and Q is monotone if, for all elements x, y of P, x ≤ y (in P) implies f(x) ≤ f(y) (in Q). Another name for this property is order-preserving. In analysis, in the presence of total orders, such functions are often called monotonically increasing, but this is not a very convenient description when dealing with non-total orders. The dual notion is called antitone or order reversing.

O

 * Order-embedding : A function f between posets P and Q is an order-embedding if, for all elements x, y of P, x ≤ y (in P) is equivalent to f(x) ≤ f(y) (in Q).

 * Order isomorphism : A mapping f: P → Q between two posets P and Q is called an order isomorphism, if it is bijective and both f and f-1 are monotone. Equivalently, an order isomorphism is a surjective order embedding.

 * Order-preserving : See monotone.

 * Order-reversing : See antitone.

P

 * partial order : A binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. Since both notions depend on each other, the term is also used to refer to a partially ordered set.

 * partially ordered set : (poset for short) A set P together with a partial order ≤ defined on P.

 * poset : See partially ordered set.

 * preorder : A binary relation that is reflexive and transitive. Such orders may also be called quasiorders.

 * preserving : A function f between posets P and Q is said to preserve suprema (joins), if, for all subsets X of P that have a supremum sup X in P, we find that sup{f(x): x in X} exists and is equal to f(sup X). Such a function is also called join-preserving. Analogously, one says that f preserves finite, non-empty, directed, or arbitrary joins (or meets). The converse property is called join-reflecting.

 * prime ideal : An ideal I in a lattice L such that for all elements x and y in L, x ∧ y in I implies x in I or y in I.

 * prime filter : A set such that its complement is a prime ideal.

 * principal filter : A filter that has a least element.

 * principal ideal : An ideal with a greatest element. The least or greatest elements may also be called principal elements in these situations.

 * pseudo-complement : In a Heyting algebra, the element x ⇒ 0 is called the pseudo-complement of x. It is also given by sup{y : y ∧ x = 0}, i.e. as the least upper bound of all elements y with y ∧ x = 0.

Q

 * quasiorder : See preorder.

R

 * reflecting : A function f between posets P and Q is said to reflect suprema (joins), if, for all subsets X of P for which the supremum sup{f(x): x in X} exists and is of the form f(s) for some s in P, then we find that sup X exists and that sup X = s . Analogously, one says that f reflects finite, non-empty, directed, or arbitrary joins (or meets). The converse property is called join-preserving.

 * reflexive : A binary relation R on a set X is reflexive, if x R x holds for all elements x, y in X.

S

 * Scott-continuous : A monotone function f : P → Q between posets P and Q is Scott-continuous if, for every directed set D that has a supremum sup D in P, the set {fx | x in D} has the supremum f(sup D) in Q. Stated differently, a Scott-continuous function is one that preserves all directed suprema. This is in fact equivalent to being continuous with respect to the Scott topology on the respective posets.

 * Scott domain : A Scott domain is a partially ordered set which is a bounded complete algebraic cpo.

 * Scott open : See Scott topology.

 * Scott topology : For a poset P, an upper set O is Scott-open if all directed sets D that have a supremum in O have non-empty intersection with O. The set of all Scott-open sets forms a topology, the Scott-topology.

 * semilattice : A semilattice is a poset in which either all finite non-empty joins (suprema) or all finite non-empty meets (infima) exist. Accordingly, one speaks of a join-semilattice or meet-semilattice.

 * smallest element : See least element.

 * strict order : A strict order is a binary relation that is antisymmetric, transitive, and irreflexive.

 * supremum : For a poset P and a subset X of P, the least element in the set of upper bounds of X (if it exists, which it may not) is called the supremum, join, or least upper bound of X. It is denoted by sup X or $$\bigvee$$X. The supremum of two elements may be written as sup{x,y} or x ∨ y. If the set X is finite, one speaks of a finite supremum. The dual notion is called infimum.

 * symmetric : A relation R on a set X is symmetric, if x R y implies y R x, for all elements x, y in X.

T

 * top : See unit.

 * total order : A partial order T in which, for each x and y in T, we have x ≤ y or y ≤ x. Total orders are also called linear orders or chains.

 * transitive : Of a relation R on a set X, such that x R y and y R z imply x R z, for all elements x, y, z in X.

U

 * unit : The greatest element of a poset P can be called unit or just 1 (if it exists). Another common term for this element is top. It is the infimum of the empty set and the supremum of P. The dual notion is called zero.

 * up-set : See upper set.

 * upper bound : An upper bound of a subset X of a poset P is an element b of P, such that x ≤ b, for all x in X. The dual notion is called lower bound.

 * upper set : A subset X of a poset P is called an upper set if, for all elements x in X and p in P, x ≤ p implies that p is contained in X. The dual notion is called lower set.

W

 * way-below relation : In a poset P, some element x is way below y, written x<<y, if for all directed subsets D of P which have a supremum, y ≤ sup D implies x ≤ d for some d in D. One also says that x approximates y. See also domain theory.

Z

 * zero : The least element of a poset P can be called zero or just 0 (if it exists). Another common term for this element is bottom. Zero is the supremum of the empty set and the infimum of P. The dual notion is called unit.

title: Appendix:Glossary of order theory


text:
Appendix:Glossary of paintball

Paintball jargon has evolved to describe the unique nature of paintball and paintball equipment, as well as various tactics, phenomena, and people found in the game. Many of the terms are neologisms, while others are borrowed from gamer and military culture.

Every paintball field has its own unique set of jargon for various obstacles, bunkers, and landmarks unique to the site. Prospective players should familiarize themselves with the local jargon used by other players beforehand.

A

 * Agg - A shortened version of "aggressive" when referring to a player's appearance, not their playing style. Popularized by the Hostile Kids (HK) team of Southern California.

 * Anti-Chop Eye - A detection system on electronic markers used to determine the status of the breech. There are three types:
 * Reflective eyes use an infrared sensor to measure the amount of reflected infrared light from the bolt or paintball shell. These systems have greater capability to distinguish the reflecting object and its speed, but can have problems detecting darker paintball shells.
 * Break beam eyes use an infrared emitter and detector directly opposite each other, detecting objects when the sensor stops receiving light.
 * "Laser" eyes use emitters in the visible spectrum to easily ensure that they are not blocked by debris or build-up.

 * Aztec - A bunker that has slanted sides and a flat top. Similar to the shape of Aztec pyramids.

B

 * Back Player
 * A player who provides support for the rest of the team, suppressing opponents and communicating with more forward players who often have a restricted view of the field.

 * Baller - A person who participates in the sport of paintball.

 * Barrel Back
 * The piece of a two- or three-piece barrel (usually a kit) which attaches directly to the breech of a marker and is usually honed to a specific bore size or holds the insert of a specific removable bore sleeve.

 * Barrel Blocking Device (BBD) - Commonly called "barrel plugs", "barrel socks", or "barrel condoms". Plastic barrel plugs are inserted into the barrel to prevent paintballs from exiting in case of accidental fire. These are not entirely safe, however, as subsequent shots will eventually dislodge the plug; The latter two are terms for the same thing: a plastic cover or canvas bag secured to the paintball marker with an elastic strap. Barrel socks can withstand multiple paintballs and are generally required over plugs at tournament or large-game settings.

 * Bird Dogging - When a referee checks for paint on a player and inadvertantly makes the oppostion aware of his position that was previously unknown.

 * Blind Firing - To shoot your marker over or around cover without looking where you are aiming. Generally against the rules, as players could inadvertently hit somebody who is already out or a referee.

 * Bonus Ball - Overshooting out of anger.

 * Bounce
 * A paintball making contact with a player without breaking. Such paintballs usually 'bounce' off and do not count as an elimination.
 * A term referring to a trigger set-up which causes more than one firing cycle to occur with only one pull of the trigger. This can be caused by electronic signals being misinterpreted by the board as more than one trigger pull, or by the trigger mechanically actuating the switch more than once. Excessive trigger bounce is banned by most sanctioning bodies, and markers are repeatedly tested to ensure that bounce is not present during tournaments, with players violating the rules receiving penalties or disqualification.

 * BPS - Balls per second. A measure of rate of fire.

 * Break/Breakout
 * The start of the game. It is usually signaled by the head referee calling out "Go go go!", blowing a whistle, or sounding a horn.
 * A broken paintball inside the marker.

 * Brick
 * A rectangular bunker shaped like a large construction brick. Often available in "small" and "large" versions.
 * A paintball marker which is broken and has been deemed not worth fixing by its owner.

 * Bunker - An obstacle on the field of play used to block opposing players' view and field of fire.

 * Bunkering - The action of one player eliminating another player hiding behind a bunker. This is usually achieved when the player behind the bunker is trapped, distracted, or preoccupied, allowing an opposing player to run up to the player's bunker and shoot directly over the bunker or around the side.

 * Bunker Hugging - Keeping the barrel of a marker pressed against the side of a bunker to create the smallest possible profile that still allows the player to shoot.

 * Bunker Tag - When one player runs up to an opposing bunker and physically "tags" it to eliminate all players in or behind it. This rule is fairly common in recreational walk-on fields to limit bunkering against less-experienced players.

 * Bushball - See Woodsball

 * B.Y.O.P - An acronym representing "Bring your own paint"

C

 * Can - A paintball bunker which is tall and cylindrical. Also known as a "stand-up", "beer can", or "tower".

 * Car Wash- A paintball bunker that has a rectangular-shaped bottom and a top curved width-wise, resembling a large rollie cut in half.

 * Cheater Board - A term used to refer to altered or specifically-programmed marker electronics which allow ramping that is hidden or undetectable upon a normal inspection. This was a common name for ramping software when it first came onto the paintball scene, as there was little or no ruling in place to standardize a marker's rate of fire. Ramping is not always considered cheating, and modern tournaments typically allow ramping.

 * Chop - A paintball broken by the bolt engaging it before it is fully seated in the chamber (as opposed to a ball that is broken in the barrel). This is more common in inexpensive markers without anti-chop systems.

 * Circuit Board - A circuit board serves as the central electronic component of any electric paintball marker. The board contains or receives input from the trigger switch and controls actuation of the solenoid which commences a firing cycle. This board allows for a lighter and shorter trigger pull than most mechanical markers are capable of. Many stock and aftermarket boards will also allow for different firing modes, such as ramping, "rebound" (firing on pull and release) and fully-automatic modes. If so equipped, the board will also interpret a signal from the "eyes" of a marker and control the firing cycles accordingly.

 * Clustering - When a team clutters together to form a group of players. They can travel quickly by providing cover for themselves.

 * Cocker - Slang for "Autococker" (a gun that uses external pneumatics to cycle the bolt and recock the hammer)

 * Condom - See Barrel Blocking Device.

 * Contract Killer - A player who is paid for playing paintball, normally a professional or semi-pro player.

 * Covering Fire - Supporting fire for a player who is moving out of cover.

D

 * Dry Firing - Discharging a marker without paintballs loaded.

 * Darting - A quick run from obstacle to obstacle while being fired at.

 * Dead Box - The area where eliminated players are sent.

 * Dead Man Walking
 * A tactic, or the player applying it, in which they pretend to be eliminated without specifically confirming it, and shoot at opponents who they trick. Viewed as dishonorable by most players and against the rules of almost all tournaments.
 * In woodsball and scenario games, players are sometimes advised to say "Dead Man Walking" every so often while exiting the field on their way to the dead box

 * Dorito - A triangular pyramid bunker, reminiscent of Doritos-brand tortilla chips.

 * Double Tap - To rapidly fire two shots at a target, increasing chances of a hit.

 * Drift - A long slide on the ground to get to a bunker.

E

 * Eating Paint - When a player is shot in the mouthpiece of their mask.

 * Eye or Eyes - See Anti-Chop Eye.

 * Eggy - Slang term for a Viewloader Evolution hopper.

F

 * Fifty or 50 - The middle line of a field, often used to refer to bunker positions, i.e. "fifty can" or "right fifty".

 * Firing Blind - Firing at a hidden player by using other objects for reference. Notably different from blind firing.

 * Flank
 * The sides and back of a player or group. The area in which they are not actively watching and aiming at.
 * A tactic to take advantage of an opponent's flank by moving perpendicularly around them.

 * Fogged - Term describing the state of goggles after moisture condenses on the lens and decreases the player's visibility, resembling trying to look through a heavy fog.

 * Forty - The line of bunkers one layer closer to the player than the middle of the field (the fifty). Preceded by the "thirty", "twenty", and "ten".

 * Front
 * The player in the front of a group who make first contact with opponents and are often used to get into key locations.
 * The piece of a two- or three-piece barrel which attaches to the back, contains the porting, may be honed to a specific bore size, and determines the final length of the barrel.

G

 * Ghillie Suit - A specialised camoflauge suit often used in woodsball, designed to blur the human form and provide physical camoflauge- reducing visibility

 * Ghost
 * A player who continues to play after being eliminated, remaining in low-activity areas to avoid being caught. See playing on.
 * A referee or other official that closely follows players through the field, which can alert opponents to their location.

 * God - The bunker that sits on the center 50 location in the middle of the field.

 * Gogged - Being hit in the lens of the mask.

 * Grilled - See eating paint.

 * Groupie - A non-playing person who accompanies a team or individual. Often a fan or significant other of a player.

 * Gun Whore - An individual who collects significantly more paintball markers than they use.

 * Guppy - Slang for plastic tubes used to carry generally 50 to 160 paintballs on the field.

H

 * Hammer
 * A component of blowback-type paintball markers which strikes the valve pin. See also: Paintball marker.
 * Firing at a bunker to mask the noise of a friendly player moving with the noise of the paintball impacts.

 * Harness - A waist pack or load-bearing vest used to carry pods, and sometimes an air tank or extra gear. Used interchangeably with pack.

 * Head Check
 * A quick look out from protection to get a better idea of the opponent's position.
 * A count of the number of players in the group.

 * Hell Hole - A bunker or area with multiple friendly players close together being attacked by a much larger opposing group.

 * Hopper - A container in which loose paintballs are held before falling into the breech of the marker or the mechanics of a loader. Often used interchangeably with loader.

 * Hoser - A player who shoots excessive amounts of paint.

 * Hot
 * A bunker occupied by an opponent.
 * A marker shooting faster than the velocity limit.

I

 * Insert
 * A piece to a three-piece barrel which is honed to a specific bore size and slides into the back.
 * A versatile playing style which supports the front and back players, filling gaps where needed.

J

 * Jampuff - When you run past the half way point, realize it was a horrible idea, and run back.

 * JK - Putting your gun in the air when you aren't actually out, and then continuing to play on.

K

 * Kamikaze - A player who plays for the sole purpose of eliminating other players, with little regard to being hit.

 * Kentucky Left Hand - A stereotype referring to a player shooting off the left side of a bunker while holding the marker in the right hand.

L

 * Lace - Hitting a player with a line of paintballs.

 * Lane - Gaps between multiple bunkers which can be used to hit players running for a bunker unexpectedly.

 * Lazer - A term used to describe a fully automatic marker. Coined due to the continuous nature of firing such a marker.

 * Leap Frog - A tactic used by two or more players who alternately move and provide cover fire for each other.

 * Lit Up - To be shot excessively or in an embarrassing manner.

 * Loader - A mechanical device which physically pushes paintballs sequentially into the breech of the marker. Typically sorts paintballs from an open hopper into sequence, but pre-sorted solutions such as the QLoader exist. Hoppers with agitating paddles are still hoppers, as the paintball is not pushed into the breech by any force except gravity. Often used interchangeably with hopper.

M

 * Marker - See paintball marker.

 * Marshal - An alternative name for a paintball referee, commonly used in European countries.

 * Mirror - A bunker on the opposite side of the field.

 * Milsim - An abbreviation of 'Military Simulation', referring to markers modelled on military weaponry

 * Mill - Using a milling machine to physically alter equipment.

 * Mod - Modifications.

 * Mow - To defeat exceptionally well.

 * Mug Shot - Being hit in the front of the mask.

 * Mutant Paint Baller-Highly aggressive, multidimensional-player, all terrain, all conditions, tactical, unorthodox-style, asymmetrical gear, Outlaw paintball-er (Iron Baller).

N

 * Noob, Newb or Newbie - A new player. Generally speaking, "noob" is somewhat derogative, and "newbie" is used in a positive or neutral sense.

O

 * OG - Abbreviation of "original gangster", slang usually referring to a piece of clothing or a person who has been in paintball for a long time. See also: Old school.

 * OG - Also can be Old General, a term used to describe a person who has been in a commanding position for a long time, Veteran Field Soldier, battle tested. Has a wealth of knowledge of tactical play see: "OG, Mutant Paint Baller".

 * Old School - A player or equipment that is considered to be from a previous era or "school of thought".

 * One-Ball - To "One-Ball" an opponent is to break a ball on them after having fired only just one ball, usually from a notable distance or through a narrow/difficult opening.

 * Overshoot - To continue firing at a player after they have indicated that they are eliminated.

P

 * Pack - See harness.

 * Painting - Slang for "playing paintball".

 * Paint Check - Inspecting a player for hits, especially on hard-to-see areas such as a player's pack, mask, or head.

 * Paint - Short for "paintballs".

 * Pair - Two players designated as partners and made responsible for each other. Often, a new player and a skilled veteran will be paired to teach the new player how to play.

 * Pants - Slang meaning "cool" or "awesome". See agg.

 * Pawn - A player who is sacrificed to draw attention away from other players.

 * Pinch - A situation in which a player cannot move without being eliminated.

 * Playing On - Situations where a player will continue to act as a live player after they are hit, or wiping a hit off.

 * Pod - A plastic tube with a snap-closed lid that carries extra paintballs while on the field to refill the hopper. Most hold more than 100 (generally 140) paintballs.

 * Pod Thief - An individual who picks up pods left on the field without giving the owner a chance to retrieve them.

 * Pot - Alternative name for pods, commonly used in European countries.

 * Private Label - Special or team editions of markers, distinguished by included upgrades, parts, and often unique milling or anodizing.

 * Point Blank - At a previously agreed distance, players who catch others by surprise yell "point blank" (or something similar), to eliminate players. This minimizes bruising and bleeding from being fired upon at close range. Many recreational fields use this rule, especially when they allow young players, and it is often required in the field's insurance policy. There are numerous variations, some allowing the surprised players to choose to return fire, or requiring the surprising player to physically touch their opponent with the barrel of their marker.

 * Pwn - To defeat exceptionally well. See also: Mow.

Q

 * QEV - An exhaust port on a ram allowing for faster cycling speeds.

R

 * Ramping - A feature that allows the marker to fire faster than the trigger is being pulled. Previously found only on cheater boards, modern electronic markers include these features and more.

 * Ref - Short for referee.

 * Remote - A coiled or braided-steel hose connecting the marker to the air source. Allows the player carry the tank on their harness rather than directly on the marker, reducing the weight of the marker.

 * Renegade - The final player against a significant number of opposing players.

 * Revy - A slang term for a Viewloader Revolution electronic hopper.

 * Rollie - A can bunker placed horizontally on the ground. Typically staked down to prevent it from actually rolling.

 * Roll (i.e. "roll your gun") - Consistently firing a marker at a high rate of fire.

 * Rope - A quickly-fired line of paintballs.

 * Run and Gun - Running for new cover whilst providing covering fire for yourself.

 * Run Through - A strategy whereby a player runs down the field and tries to bunker multiple players before getting eliminated. The player is often eliminated at the end of his run but will have taken out several opponents if the run was successful.

S

 * Serving Tea - Placing the off-hand underneath the tank mount to steady the marker, especially when shooting out the off-side of a bunker without switching hands. Considered bad form by the majority of players.

 * Shake And Shoot - A non-agitated gravity feed hopper. Must be occasionally bumped to prevent paintballs from jamming above the feedneck.

 * Sixty - The line of bunkers one layer further from the player than the middle of the field (the fifty). Followed by the "seventy", "eighty", and "ninety".

 * Snake - A low-lying bunker the same length as a rollie, but half the diameter. Often capped on one or both ends by mini cans.

 * Snap Battle - Two players attempting to snap shoot each other.

 * Snap Shoot - Leaning out of a bunker for a shot and returning quickly.

 * Speedball - A variant of paintball designed for balanced, competitive play. Named after its fast games and action.

 * Spray or Splatter - Fill of a paintball hitting an object without it actually being struck by a ball. Often does not count as an elimination.

 * Spray And Pray - Shooting rapidly at a person without aiming.

 * Stitch - See lace.

 * Stock Class - A style of paintball play in which markers meeting stock-class requirements are the only type of allowed. Typical stock class restrictions include manual re-cocking after every shot, limited paint capacity, and using only 12 gram carbon dioxide cartridges.

 * Streetball - Paintball played by those who do it simply for the love of the sport.

 * String - See rope.

 * Superman - A low, forearm dive used to move quickly underneath incoming paint.

 * Surrender - See point blank.

 * Sweet Spot
 * When a player shoots a string of paint into an open area, hoping a player will move into the paint while finding cover.
 * A spot in the range of the trigger at which the mechanical vibration of the marker will cause the player to trip the trigger in and out of the activation point and fire very quickly.

T

 * Taco - See tombstone. Specifically refers to the "short" version, as it resembles a folded taco shell.

 * Take The Hit - See point blank.

 * Tank - Containers that hold the gas that powers paintball markers. In most cases the tank is screwed directly into the marker. See also: Remote.

 * Tape - The side boundaries of the field.

 * Timmy - Slang for a Bob Long Intimidator marker.

 * Tippy - Slang for any Tippmann marker.

 * Thumping - The act of striking the cocking rod or knob of some markers at the same time the trigger is pulled, adding extra force to the hammer, resulting in a higher velocity than normal.

 * Tombstone - A rectangular-base bunker with a top curved along the long side. Manufactured in "tall" and "short" versions.

U

 * Up - Upgrade. Used interchangeably with mod.

V

 * V.I.P. very important person referring to the young person who switched teams to be with the older team.

W

 * Walking (i.e. "walking the trigger") - Using two or more fingers to rapidly drum the trigger, resulting in a higher rate of fire than normal trigger pulling can achieve.

 * Walk On - A player who arrives the same day as a game with no prior reservation.

 * Wipe - Removing a hit before being called out.

 * Woodsball - A variant of paintball played in a natural setting with large boundries. Preferred for military simulation and Scenario Paintball situations.

 * Wrap - Leaning further out of one side of a bunker in order to shoot toward the opposite side of the field. Faster than moving to the other side of the bunker, and often done after forcing an opponent down.

X

 * X-Ball - A variation of speedball, that has a giant X Bunker in the center of the field. X-Ball is Generally a center flag game, with the flag on either the right or left side of the X bunker.

Y

 * Yam - see Pwn

Z

 * Zebra - Referee.

Scenario terms
Scenario games have their own set of terms in addition to the standard paintball jargon.

 * Armband - Used to identify what team a player is on, and if a player is "alive". Armband colors are generally blue and red. Other colors can be used to designate special job positions, such as demolitions, engineer, medic, pilot, etc.

 * CO - Commanding Officer. See "General".

 * Demolitions - Job position in which the player is allowed to use demolitions equipment such as satchel charges or launchers to destroy special props or open blocked areas.

 * Engineer - Job position which has the ability to repair destroyed structures. Sometimes

 * General - The overall leader of a team, and the one responsible for issuing missions.

 * Launcher - A device used to eliminate vehicles, bunkers, or other enemy players. There are two types: Standard paintball markers with uniquely-shaped bodies loaded with reserved-color "launcher" paintballs; and NERF rocket launchers constructed like potato guns. Because of the increased mass of the NERF rocket, velocity is generally chronographed far lower, around 230-250 feet per second.

 * Medic - Job position which allows the player to "heal" other players by physically wiping the paint off of the other player. Some scenarios issue medics extra armbands to give to eliminated players.

 * Mission - Specific objectives, sometimes with a time limit, that may be accomplished by a team for points or extra supplies. Often missions are the only way to win a scenario.

 * Pilot - Job position which allows the player to direct a group of players who are protected from elimination until they "land" and join the game. Used to insert players into secluded areas or behind enemy lines.

 * Prop - Any physical object which the scenario producers have introduced into the field as a playable object for players in the scenario game.

 * Producer - The company or person responsible for organizing and running the game. Some well known scenario producers include MXS, Viper Paintball, Blackcat Paintball, and Wayne Dollack.

 * RTS - Real Time Strategy. A newer scenario game concept being heavily pursued by scenario producers such as Viper Paintball or TAW Productions. This setup eliminates the standard missions and allows the two Generals to write their own missions to accomplish a set of overall goals.

 * Satchel Charge - A prop that is placed under referee supervision for triggered elimination or demolition, as an alternate to a LAW launcher.

 * Squad Commander - Also known as Unit Commanders or just Commanders, they receive missions from the General and lead a group of players to accomplish it.

 * Tank - Prop vehicles that players move and operate. Typically, tanks can only be eliminated by special prop weapons or reserved paint colors, which are carried by "anti-armor" players or other vehicles. Depending on the purpose and size, tanks can carry large quantities of air, paintballs, markers, and other players. Due to largely being custom-built one-off designs, a wide range of tanks exist.

 * XO - Executive Officer. Second in command to General. Typically handles communications between the General and the Squad Commanders, and acts as the Commander for base defense.

title: Appendix:Glossary of paintball


text: plodges

title: plodges


text: tats

title: tats


text:
sunshade

Etymology
From, from , , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) Something to keep the sun off, or create shade from the sun; a parasol or awning.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَظَلَّة
 * Hijazi Arabic: مَظَلَّة
 * Bulgarian:, сенник, тента
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:, sluneční clona
 * Dutch:
 * Farefare: mã'antɩa
 * Finnish: auringonvarjo
 * French: ,
 * Galician: toldo,, ,
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew: סוכך,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, サンシェード,
 * Latin:
 * Moore: maasem tɩɩga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: solskjerm
 * Nynorsk: solskjerm
 * Old English: sunsċeadu
 * Polish: parasol od słońca
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , зо́нтик/зонт от со́лнца, солнцезащитый
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Volapük:

title: sunshade


text: sunshades

title: sunshades


text:
sukiyaki

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A Japanese dish of thinly-sliced beef and tofu with dashi, mirin and soy sauce cooked quickly at the table.

Translations

 * Arabic: سوكيياكي
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 스키야키
 * Lao: ສຸກີ້ຢາກີ້
 * Malay: sukiyaki
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sukiyaki
 * Thai: ,

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sukiyaki

Etymology
.

title: sukiyaki


text:
Citations:cadge

 * 1897 So Donkin, unrebuked, cursed enough for two, cadged for matches, borrowed tobacco, and loafed for hours, very much at home before the stove. — Joseph Conrad, The Nigger of the Narcissus Chapter 5.

title: Citations:cadge


text: plodgin

title: plodgin


text: plodged

title: plodged


text:
Appendix:Glossary of poetry terms

Below is the glossary of poetry terminology.

Technical means

 * accent
 * accentual verse
 * aleatory, aleatory methods
 * alliteration
 * alliterative verse
 * anacrusis
 * anadiplosis
 * aposiopesis
 * apostrophe
 * assonance
 * caesura, cæsura
 * chain rhyme
 * consonance
 * dissonance
 * enjambment
 * foot
 * half rhyme
 * eye rhyme
 * kennings
 * onomatopoeia
 * rhyme
 * rhyme scheme
 * rhythm
 * sprung rhythm
 * stichomythia
 * syllabic verse

Tropes

 * metaphor
 * simile
 * irony
 * metonymy
 * synecdoche
 * ellipsis

Types of metre
Below, "short/long" definitions of a syllable of classical languages correspond to "unstressed/stressed" of English language.

 * amphibrach: short-long-short
 * amphimacer or cretic: long-short-long
 * anapaest or antidactylus: short-short-long
 * antibacchius]: long-long-short
 * bacchius: short-long-long
 * choreus or choree (same as trochee): long-short
 * dactyl: long-short-short
 * iamb: short-long
 * molossus: long-long-long
 * pyrrhic or dibrach: short-short
 * spondee: long-long
 * tribrach: short-short-short
 * trochee: long-short

Tetrasyllables

 * tetrabrach or proceleusmatic: short-short-short-short
 * quartus paeon: short-short-short-long
 * tertius paeon: short-short-long-short
 * minor ionic or double iamb: short-short-long-long
 * secundus paeon: short-long-short-short
 * diamb: short-long-short-long
 * antispast: short-long-long-short
 * first epitrite: short-long-long-long
 * primus paeon: long-short-short-short
 * choriamb: long-short-short-long
 * ditrochee: long-short-long-short
 * second epitrite: long-short-long-long
 * major ionic: long-long-short-short
 * third epitrite: long-long-short-long
 * fourth epitrite: long-long-long-short
 * dispondee: long-long-long-long

Types of line

 * Alexandrine
 * monometer
 * dimeter
 * trimeter
 * tetrameter
 * pentameter
 * hexameter
 * heptameter
 * octameter
 * Poulter's measure

Verse forms

 * aisling
 * acrostic
 * ballad
 * ballade royal
 * biolet: "ABbaBA".
 * blank verse
 * breton lai
 * chant royal: Five stanzas of "ababccddedE" followed by either "ddedE" or "ccddedE". (The capital letters indicate a line repeated verbatim.)
 * chastushka
 * cinquain: "ababb".
 * clerihew: "aabb".
 * couplet: "aa", but usually occurs as "aa bb cc dd ...".
 * double dactyl
 * dramatic poetry
 * elegy
 * enclosed rhyme (or enclosing rhyme): "abba".
 * englyn
 * envoi
 * epic poetry
 * epigram
 * epyllion
 * free verse
 * ghazal
 * grook
 * haiku
 * heroic couplets
 * kimo
 * kyrielle
 * light Poetry
 * limerick: "aabba".
 * lyric
 * McWhirtle
 * monorhyme: "aaaaa...", an identical rhyme on every line, common in Latin and Arabic
 * monostich
 * narrative poetry
 * nonsense verse
 * ode
 * onegin stanza
 * ottava rima: "abababcc".
 * pantoum
 * paradelle
 * pantun
 * quatrain
 * quatorzain
 * rapping
 * renga
 * rhyme royal: "ababbcc".
 * rondeau
 * rondelet: "AbAabbA".
 * rubaiyat: "aaba".
 * sapphic stanza, sapphics
 * senryu
 * sestina
 * shichigon-zekku
 * sijo
 * song
 * sonnet
 * Petrarchan sonnet: "abba abba cde cde" or "abba abba cdc cdc".
 * Shakespearean sonnet: "abab cdcd efef gg".
 * Simple 4-line: "abcb"
 * Spenserian sonnet: "abab bcbc cdcd ee".
 * Onegin stanzas: "aBaBccDDeFFeGG" with the lowercase letters representing * Tanaga
 * Spenserian stanza: "ababbcbcc".
 * Tanka
 * tanaga: traditional Tagalog tanaga is aaaa
 * telestich
 * tercet
 * terza rima: "aba bcb cdc ...", ending on "yzy z" or "yzy zz".
 * terzanelle
 * triolet
 * triplet: "aaa", often repeating like the couplet.
 * villanelle: A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2 abA1A2, where A1 and A2 are lines repeated exactly which rhyme with the a lines.
 * virelai ancien
 * virelai nouveau
 * waka

Periods, styles and movements
For movements see List of poetry groups and movements.
 * automatic poetry
 * Black Mountain
 * Chanson de geste
 * concrete poetry
 * cowboy poetry
 * digital poetry
 * epitaph
 * erasure poetry
 * folk poetry
 * found poetry
 * Imagism
 * libel
 * limerick poetry
 * lyric poetry
 * metaphysical poetry
 * mediaeval poetry
 * minnesinger
 * The Movement
 * narrative poetry
 * objectivism
 * Parnassian
 * pastoral
 * performance poetry
 * post-modernism
 * Romanticism
 * San Francisco Renaissance
 * sound poetry
 * symbolism
 * scryptology
 * troubadour
 * trouvère

title: Appendix:Glossary of poetry terms


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