text:
Wiktionary:Information desk/2014/July

-daughter
Are there any languages, besides Icelandic, that have a feminine equivalent to -son or -sen? --Æ&Œ (talk) 14:53, 1 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Irish:
 * Azeri:
 * Russian:
 * — Ungoliant (falai) 15:04, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

 * But it is only Icelandic, as far as I know, that uses the feminine as the standard, and where the masculine form is rare. For example, Russian: is only for women, never for men. Icelandic -dóttir makes surnames for both women and for men. —Stephen (Talk) 05:46, 3 July 2014 (UTC)

 * One needs to be clear that Russian / is a feminine patronymic suffix (masculine: /), not a surname forming suffix, like -son or -sen. Equivalent surname forming suffixes in Russian are /, /, which receive a "-а" in the feminine form (many, not all surnames have masculine and feminine forms). E.g. surnames: m,  f, patronymics:  m,  f. There are also surnames with /, which don't have feminine forms in Russian. (Note: all these rules don't automatically coincide with various other Slavic languages.)--Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 06:06, 3 July 2014 (UTC)
 * And if I recall correctly, also forms patronymics rather than family names. (I can add  and, which are attached to surnames, forming surname forms; both are falling out of use.) — Keφr 10:31, 5 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Stephen, is never used to form men's names, only  is and there's nothing rare about it. And as stated above names formed using  and  are patronymics, not surnames. For example, the son of Bjarni Jónsson might be called Sigurður Bjarnason, but his daughter would be Sóley Bjarnadóttir. BigDom (t • c) 08:10, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I once knew an Icelander who considered his father's name too ordinary, so he changed his "last name" to Mother's-name-son instead of Father's-name-son. Do transsexual Icelanders change their -son to -dóttir and vice versa? —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 14:28, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, while matronymics are fairly uncommon they do exist (e.g. if the father is unknown or absent, or his name is too common [never heard that one before, gave me a chuckle]) but they still follow the rules of "-son" for males and "-dóttir" for females. The (brief) Icelandic WP article on transgenderism (Transfólk) says that trans people often change their names but it doesn't go into any more detail. BigDom (t • c) 18:57, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I like the term transfolk. I was about to say we need to adopt that in English, but I see it's already a blue link. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 19:35, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

Retirement
Please let me know how to terminate my account. Thank you
 * Just stop logging in. — Keφr 17:23, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Thank you
 * Just to be clear, your contributions will stay here. Not sure if anyone here would serve an w:WP:RTV request. Why such a sudden decision, though? — Keφr 17:27, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

I am fed up with you patronizing and talking down to me. If I upload bogus stuff as said by Renard Migrant on his request for cleanup, I do better find another way to exercise my brain and mind!Angelucci (talk) 18:10, 2 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I am sorry that you have had a bad experience. We recently lost the services of a veteran patroller, who was very appreciative of Italian-language contributions and contributors. If I understand the situation correctly, I may be able to explain why some Italian entries you made were deemed problematic
 * Not every entry that it a good translation of a single English word and should be in a translation table should necessarily be an entry in its language. Specifically, those multi-word expressions whose meaning is obvious from the meanings of their arts are in principle excluded. Thus con tono di condiscendenza looks to me to be a perfectly good translation of condescendingly, at which entry it appears, as it should. It should not be linked as a unit however. Rather each individual word should be linked.
 * The matter of what is and what is not an includable multiword expression in a given language requires lot of discussion, most of which is on Requests for deletion and its archives. Though some disagree, the existence of a one-word translation is not considered by itself to be sufficient reason to include a multiword expression. DCDuring TALK 19:26, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

integrity
Hello.

For the page integrity, I was interested in requesting that the definition (specified on Wikipedia, wording modified) be incorporated:

Of operating based upon an internally consistent framework of principles

Is this acceptable as a definition?

Thanks — 2602:304:59B8:1D39:B4CF:5D0:49D7:4516 03:00, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

 * It's not worded as a noun. It should be something like "The characteristic or state of having or operating under an internally consistent system of principles." Is it supposed to apply to people, organizations, systems? How do you know that the WP definition is actually in demonstrable use? Can you give some examples? DCDuring TALK 03:16, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

 * On the Wikipedia page, it mentions "a person", however, the overall article appears to imply that it applies to the broad concept of ethics and therefore could apply to a person, persons, or organization(s). To give an example based on the Wikipedia article, I could say (however you would reword it) that one would not steal unless one would want to live in a world which everyone was a thief. For more, please refer to Integrity.

 * Thanks — 2602:304:59B8:1D39:B4CF:5D0:49D7:4516 03:59, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * You have to bear in mind that we're a dictionary, not an encyclopedia, so we deal in usage and meanings, not in the concepts behind them. To put it another way, Wikipedia tries to answer the question: "What is integrity, and what other interesting or useful information is there about the subject?", while Wiktionary tries to answer the question: "What do people mean when they say 'integrity', and what other interesting or useful information is there about the term itself?". Your proposed edit hinges on explaining integrity as a concept, while our interest is in defining it as a term. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:35, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

How about these two citations? They seem to support the given sense. It seems rather hard to separate from the general "morally righteous" sense we already have listed, though. — Keφr 06:41, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * 1993, Gerald Cushing MacCallum, Legislative Intent and Other Essays on Law, Politics, and Morality, Univ of Wisconsin Press ISBN 9780299138608, page 152
 * His integrity is damaged or destroyed when things within this domain of his 'self' become disorganized, incoherent, or unsystematic. His integrity is violated when the domain is intruded upon and changes are produced within it that interfere with and counter or 'overcome' the effects of his own inertia or principle of operation.
 * 2011, Krishna Pillai, Essence of a Manager, Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 9783642175817, page 163
 * Integrity comes in two parts; there is the inner sense of integrity which is personal to an individual, and there is his integrity as observed by an external party or by the surrounding society. Being consistent with his own set of values is what preserves his inner personal integrity, his sense of wholeness and even his identity. It is independent of what is observed. Being lawful in his actions and following the direction of the integrated ethical code determines the external judgment of his integrity.
 * Ultimately in listing this definition, it was my intention to write something that was less up for dispute than "morally righteous", given the different value systems held. However, what is not up for dispute, and what is clearly definable is the internal consistency, ultimately meaning that integrity is testable against a definition and testable against the very belief system itself, ultimately meaning that a crook, at the end of the day, is forced to confess given that his own value system becomes inconsistent and breaks down.

 * Thanks. 2602:304:59B8:1D39:B4CF:5D0:49D7:4516 19:52, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * This is not how it works. We will not change definitions just to make them "less up for dispute"; we enter a definition only if people use the word in a way which agrees with the definition. If people use it to mean "moral righteousness", regardless of what they consider moral or not, then so be it, this will be our definition. The best way to convince us to include a definition is to demonstrate that this is how the word is used. — Keφr 20:30, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Are the above citations sufficient to attest, as the guideline states, or do we need more? Thanks. — 2602:304:59B8:1D39:D43E:1CE2:B553:9220 20:37, 5 July 2014 (UTC)

sans commentaire = sans commentaires?
Are these good synonyms of each other? --Æ&Œ (talk) 16:49, 6 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm told that in French zero of something is always treated as singular (with respect to grammatical agreement). So you say « j'ai zéro orange » and not « j'ai zéro oranges ». in English, we only use the verb singular form when there is exactly one of something. Renard Migrant (talk) 16:53, 6 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I didn't answer the question. I think textbook grammar says it should be but since they're homophones I wouldn't be surprised if both were attested. Renard Migrant (talk) 16:55, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, synonyms. —Stephen (Talk) 03:56, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Google Books has sans commentaire as slightly more common than sans commentaires by a ratio of 76 600 to 67 700. That's very close. Renard Migrant (talk) 15:39, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, judging by ngrams, the singlar only recently overtook the plural. I've created the plural as an alternative form of the singular. - -sche (discuss) 15:46, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

Getting coding problems fixed
Earlier this month I put up a request (in the Grease Pit) for someone with appropriate skills to fix a problem that was preventing me from adding structure to senses to clarify complex usages. While I got some relevant comments promptly from someone who pinged two editors (one of whom seems to have quit as an editor) who might be able to actually fix the problem, the problem remains. Is there some way to more formally ask for bugs to be fixed? If there isn't, might I suggest that a table of requests be set up alongside the Grease Pit whose columns would show who has volunteered to fix each formal request, whether it has been fixed, and so on. Such tables were found very useful in programming shops of the '50s. — ReidAA (talk) 01:36, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I think the Grease Pit already does most of what you suggest in your second paragraph, albeit in the form of threads rather than a table: someone posts a bug in a thread, someone else posts "I'll see what I can do" if they're going to try to fix it (if they expect it to take a while — otherwise they fix it straight away), and then they post again when it's fixed. The problem, in my experience, is not that users don't know who's working on a bug, it's that no-one is working on the bug, because Wiktionary is maintained by an unfortunately small number of volunteers who have unfortunately not as much time to spend here as might be hoped. :/ - -sche (discuss) 02:10, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

Is Mongolian script/Cyrillic transliteration automatable?
(This question probably doesn't completely belong here, but...)

Does anyone happen to know if automatic transliteration from Mongolian in Cyrillic to Mongolian script is possible? (At least, to the same extent that automatic Traditional/Simplified Chinese transliteration is possible?) --Yair rand (talk) 16:09, 13 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Short answer - no. Mongolian script is not fully phonetic. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 22:01, 13 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I am interested in having utility tools for editors for languages, which can't be transliterated 100%, such as Hebrew, Hindi, unvocalised Arabic, Mongolian in Mongolian script, etc. Vocalised Arabic actually is 100% phonetic and Module:ar-translit could use some improvement. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:35, 13 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Vocalized Arabic is not quite 100% phonetic. You run into strange exceptions that usually have to do with prefixes/proclitics. What kind of utilities do you have in mind? --WikiTiki89 13:59, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Something that transliterates what it can, letting the editor add missing or remove extra letters, fix inaccuracies. Strange exceptions could be handled manually. For example, has currently a non-standard transliteration "toɽnā", the standard transliteration is "toṛnā" and the tool would produce "toṛanā" where I would could copy and remove the silent adherent "a" in the middle to get "toṛnā". A not 100% accurate tool would reduce time to add transliteration to long words, phrases like . Module:ar-translit, etc. are not currently used at all. It can be useful when mass-editing, adding/fixing transliterations on entries for languages, which normally can't be transliterated automatically, in longer usage examples, translation requests. -Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 14:19, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I suppose what we want is a JavaScript tool that would take you to the edit screen and automatically fill in the preliminary transliteration, which can then be edited. --WikiTiki89 14:46, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, a JavaScript. I sometimes use User:ZxxZxxZ/arTranslit.js and User:ZxxZxxZ/faTranslit.js, which transliterate EVERYTHING in the edit window, it's not based on the modules and "عَاصِفَة رَعْدِيَّة" becomes "ʿaʾṣifaa(t) raʿdiyaaa(t)". --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:25, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Is it phonetic enough that it would be possible to cover most cases with a giant pile of rules, if the rest were taken care of manually? (My understanding is that Traditional/Simplified Chinese don't match up perfectly either, but mostly-automated transliteration between them seems to be working on certain Wikipedias...) --Yair rand (talk) 13:12, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Vowels o/u, yo/yu and ö/ü, final a/e, consonants ts/č, ž/z, k/g, d/t are all rendered with the same letter for each pair. There seem to be other problems. The traditional Mongolian orthography is similar to English in its irregularity. All depends on the context and one must know how to pronounce this or that word. Conversion problems between traditional and simplified Chinese (which is also used here) are not comparable. It should be noted that phonologies of Inner and Outer Mongolia differs and they don't match 100% if both are romanised. Inner Mongolia has some sounds Outer Mongolia doesn't. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 13:52, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I see. Thank you for your help. --Yair rand (talk) 15:28, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

Retroes is an organization
Retroes is not the plural of retro. Retros is the plural of retro. Retroes is an organization. Jsmish30 (talk) 15:15, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * gets two relevant hits, all the others seem to be not English or ambiguous. There's a chess one here where it seems to be the plural of retro, but the meaning is very uncertain. Renard Migrant (talk) 15:30, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * If you try without the quotation marks, it 'helpfully' included a load of citations for 'retro'. Renard Migrant (talk)

Old Indo-Aryan
A number of entries, e.g. بیچ, پیار, डील, बार, प्यार, and बीच have etymology sections saying they're from "Old Indo Aryan" or "Old Indo-Aryan vāra" or the like. How should this be templatized? "Old "? - -sche (discuss) 18:28, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I imagine it's just another name for Sanskrit. 19:01, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I think so too. I've certainly seen as a now old-fashioned German name for Sanskrit, and I suspect these etymologies were taken from older dictionaries that use "Old Indo-Aryan" as a name for Sanskrit. However, anything unattested can be said to be Proto-Indo-Aryan (language code  ). —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 19:38, 15 July 2014 (UTC)

Template:plural of
Is there any way to get the Template:plural of at comae to link to coma, rather than coma?  It Is Me Here  t /  c  21:57, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * No. You cannot link to section headers other than L2 languages. DTLHS (talk) 22:00, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Whenever a template fails to do the right thing, feel free to hard code the right thing. DCDuring TALK 22:24, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Linking to "Noun 2" is never the right thing. DTLHS (talk) 22:34, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Nor is linking to "Etymology 2" for that matter. The proper way to link to specific senses is to use and the   parameter on the linking template.  22:38, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * But it is the entire Etymology (all senses) that has (or at least sometimes has) comae as a plural, unless the inflection line is wrong too. I don't know how to write a gloss for the entire Etymology section. This is a situation which print dictionaries cover by referring the reader to a numbered homonym and online dictionaries by a link to a numbered homonym.
 * OTOH, we have plenty of cases where only one sense has a given plural, for which is the right solution. It occurs to me that if there were, say an Adjective PoS preceding a multi-definition noun PoS, that neither the Etymology n header nor  would offer the right link target. Something like  that didn't have the highlighting and could be inserted on a section-header line or just before it would do the job for the few cases of this type that might need it and might be useful for other situations where neither, nor an L2 header, nor an Etymology n header, nor an expedient PoS header worked. Otherwise you can expect folks to hard-code things to link to. DCDuring TALK  23:09, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Don't feel bad. It probably isn't worth the overhead to cover all the cases in the template. OTOH, it might be a good idea to put all the non-conforming entries into a category so that it would be possible to determine which cases were most worth the overhead. DCDuring TALK 23:09, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Print dictionaries tend to have editors whose job it is to make sure numbers point to the correct definitions before the dictionary is published, a luxury we cannot afford. DTLHS (talk) 23:33, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I disagree with DCDuring's undoing of my edit which restored . There is not enough of a reason not to use it. Compared to the very minor benefit of linking somewhat closer to the intended section, section links like this cause problems, and so do entries which do not use templates. They're both a maintenance hazard. With a section link, it essentially becomes impossible for us to rearrange the sections if we ever decide to. Furthermore, from my own experience in working with many entries, entries that do not use templates (there are unfortunately lots of them in Italian) are an absolute pain to deal with. It's fine if DCDuring doesn't have to deal with that kind of thing, but that doesn't give him free reign to make it harder for those who do. Not without a very good reason, which I certainly do not see here. 23:49, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
 * If there were something like with respect to linking that also:
 * could be placed on any line of an entry (excluding headers, only at the beginning of a line, or only on an empty line, if necessary),
 * did not introduce any ugly, confusing, or misleading side-effects in formatting (See coma.), and
 * had a name that reflected the range of possible use,
 * there would be no need for the template-free expedients that seem to make Wiktionary a living hell for CodeCat. Until such a template is forthcoming, I don't see why good user-oriented linking behavior achieved by other means should be outlawed. I would be perfectly happy to mark any sections that use template-free expedients so that the expedient could be replaced with some template that addressed the underlying need.
 * English L2 sections in particular can be extremely difficult to navigate as they have much more content than is typical for an FL entry (multiple and often elaborate etymologies, multiple definitions, usage examples, citations, derived terms, synonyms, other semantic relations, and of course, translation tables). Getting a user to the relevant section (etymology n, PoS, or other section header, or to specific content thereunder) from another page is important to make English L2 sections more conveniently usable as they grow ever more complex., as useful as it is, does not fully meet the need. DCDuring TALK 15:17, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

tête carrée, bloke
Do you lot know any derogatory or pejorative terms for Anglophones in other languages? --66.190.99.112 01:44, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Russian, Spanish . —Stephen (Talk) 01:51, 22 July 2014 (UTC)

Definition - origin of slang for statement 'Lady Jane'
I am seeking the origin and meaning of a saying that has been used throuout my family for generations.

The term being Lady Jane. It is used to berate someone, for example catching a child doing something wrong we would ask 'what to you think your doing Lady Jane'.

I'm thinking perhaps this is back times of lord and gents and mylady. Perhaps there was a lady/royalty name Jane that was always trying to fool or get away with something.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

 * Possibly a reference to, the Nine Day Queen? --Catsidhe (verba, facta) 21:15, 21 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I hope nobody minds that I moved this discussion here from Translation Requests. LalalalaSta (talk) 22:28, 21 July 2014 (UTC)

English genitive cases problem.
Could someone help me word this sentence?

"Principal Shawbly hid Flopsy in St. Faith's Elementary, the school at which he works, (where do I put the 's or ') basement."

I'm trying to say St. Faith's Elementary's basement, except there's a clause after this, so could someone please help me word this sentence? Rædi Stædi Yæti {- skriv til mig -} 22:17, 22 July 2014 (UTC)

 * You can't do it that way. Try "...in the basement of St. Faith's Elementary, the school..." Equinox ◑ 22:18, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the quick and good response. That answers my question well. Rædi Stædi Yæti  {- skriv til mig -} 22:27, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The above is best, but you could also have said: "..., the school where he works'/works's basement." --this is extremely colloquial, and though sometmes heard in actual speech, it might be viewed as odd in writing. But it does follow your original train of thought concept a little more closely though ;) Leasnam (talk) 12:56, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

Polyglot
I am looking to try to be a polyglot. I am already okay on Danish, but I want to learn Romanian, French, and Spanish for now. I already have basic understandings of French and Spanish, but I am looking for suggestions, please, for learning multiple different languages at a time? Thanks. Rædi Stædi Yæti {- skriv til mig -} 06:13, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Think of all languages as dialects of each other. It makes everything easier. --WikiTiki89 13:40, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Does it? A spade is still a spade, however you call it. — Keφr 20:27, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It helps me (1) not have to remember as many words in closely related languages, (2) switch between languages and mixes of languages depending on who I am talking to, as if each language or mix were a sociolect, and (3) accidentally understand things I didn't think I knew in languages I don't know very well. --WikiTiki89 20:35, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * You need to learn grammatical terminology better and learn better how to use references, in order to save you time on trial and error, but the most important part is using languages to read, write, hear and speak (just remember to get feedback on your speaking and writing, so you don't learn it wrong). Even listening to recordings without understanding them is helpful, because it gets your ear used to patterns of sounds for a language. Chuck Entz (talk) 14:02, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Learn comparative linguistics. This helps if you want to learn languages of the same family. — Ungoliant (falai) 20:30, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Re: "I am looking to try to be a polyglot." Well, just do it. It's not recommended though, as it's addictive and bad for health. :) I've been doing it since I was 7 with various interruptions and only partial successes. It's not my profession any more in the last 17 years but it's my lifetime hobby. Not setting any particular goals, although I did before - finish that course, pass that test, just enjoying the process. Formal studies, apart from native Russian - German, English, French, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese. Informal self-studies - Polish, Czech, Ukrainian, Arabic, Korean, Swedish, Norwegian Bokmål, Finnish, Italian, Vietnamese, Thai, Hindi, Persian (the last five were brief). Korean is going to be formal end of this month. --Anatoli T. (обсудить;/вклад) 00:57, 25 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the input guys. But I've changed my mind. I'm not going to jump to Latin-based languages. I like Germanic languages the best, so I'm just going to stick with them. Right now, I've started Icelandic, and believe it or not, the words are so similar, so it's kind of not as hard as I thought it would be. I've found http://icelandiconline.is/ that is very good learning. I'm surprised I didn't use an online website to learn Danish. I'm also trying to find a good way to learn Faroese.

Well, and then I'm starting Afrikaans now too with http://easyafrikaans.com/. I'm trying to be as unique as possible here. Think I can take this on if I really try? Rædi Stædi Yæti {- skriv til mig -} 00:21, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Afrikaans is probably the most similar to English out of all (currently significant) Germanic languages. --WikiTiki89 16:13, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

missing caption
A uploaded a new image, and placed it into the counterfoil definition, but its caption is missing. I do not know why and was unable to fix it. Nwbeeson (talk) 14:46, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I fixed it. You forgot to add the "thumb" argument. --WikiTiki89 14:56, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, the format is [ [ File:????.???|???px|right/left|thumb|caption ] ] . Rædi Stædi Yæti  {- skriv til mig -} 20:27, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Meanings of a word and definitions in other languages
Tenses The English watermelon has two primary meanings (the plant and the fruit bore by said plant) but also has a third slang meaning: a socialist environmentalist. The Spanish sandía means the first two definitions but not the third. How would I explain this in Wiktionary? Presently, sandía merely reads "watermelon" as its definition but that does not explain that the pejorative slang word is inaccurate. Thoughts? —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 00:35, 25 July 2014 (UTC)
 * We use glosses. Take another look. — Ungoliant (falai) 04:00, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

 * A word in one language does not perfectly match a word in a different language in definitions, usage, register, etc. Often, the word in one language commonly used for something only matches up to a word in another language in only one or two definitions, and the other senses are not shared. Apple, besides being a certain fruit, is also a computer, and also means a Native American who has lost his cultural identity and is "white"on the inside...but Spanish manzana means the fruit or a city block. So, apple and manzana only agree on one meaning. It’s the way languages are. —Stephen (Talk) 10:23, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * True. The question was, how to convey all that? — Keφr 10:57, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Evidently, it's by rewriting the relevant definitions (which is probably the best way). —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 06:05, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

What is this called?
Could someone please do me a huge favor and tell me what this household item is called? I'm really bad with English words for things like household items sometimes. The picture of the item at hand is:

http://monathevampirewiki.org/images/4/4a/Hanger2.PNG top http://monathevampirewiki.org/images/e/e8/Hanger1.PNG bottom

From top to bottom I've shown you the household item. In this case it is used to hang a fishing hat. It has lots of hooks on top used for hanging, but on bottom is a desk-like thing.

Thanks for the time! Rædi Stædi Yæti {- skriv til mig -} 06:27, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

 * It’s a hall tree. —Stephen (Talk) 10:15, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks so much. Also, shouldn't we have an entry for this? It doesn't look to me like it's an SOP. Rædi Stædi Yæti  {- skriv til mig -} 10:51, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I'd call it a hatstand; never heard of a hall tree before. Is it an AmE term? BigDom 20:05, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * If it is, it's not a widely used one; I'm American and I'd never heard of a hall tree before this thread either. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 20:32, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * South-east England: also never heard of a "hall tree", but found it on Wikipedia (and created the entry). I think there is a difference, since apparently a hall tree can contain other components (mirrors, drawers) whereas to my knowledge a hat-stand is a simple upright thing for hanging objects on. Equinox ◑ 20:34, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I think there is a difference between this and what you'd usually think of as a hatstand, but I would have just called it that for lack of a better name. If I'd read the term "hall tree" before seeing this thread, I would have imagined a type of plant some people keep in their hallways. BigDom 20:54, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Or even this. DCDuring TALK 21:03, 27 July 2014 (UTC)

 * A hall tree is different from a hatstand. Here are some hall trees. —Stephen (Talk) 05:52, 29 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it's definitely not a hatstand. --WikiTiki89 13:52, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

Difference between "disputed terms" (proscribed) and "nonstandard terms"?
We have both Category:English disputed terms and Category:English nonstandard terms. Entries are categorised into the former by the "proscribed" label. But what is the difference in practice? Aren't commonly proscribed terms also nonstandard, at least for English? 17:02, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * There is no standard English, therefore terms/spellings can only be proscribed, but not "nonstandard". --WikiTiki89 17:09, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Actual usage of and of  does not follow that notion at all. And indeed, our entry defines [[nonstandard]] in such a way that it is easy to see how it could apply to numerous terms and spellings: "not conforming to the language as used by the majority of its speakers". - -sche (discuss) 17:46, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * But isn't that what "rare" means already? 18:08, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Things that are considered nonstandard or proscribed are usually not rare. --WikiTiki89 18:18, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Then it seems the "as used by the majority" part doesn't apply here. 18:31, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't it be better if we could just specify where a usage is correct, in the way that we tag things with American English and Australian English? If a term is "nonstandard", where is the minority that uses it? bd2412 T 18:50, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * There doesn't necessarily have to be any particular place where it's used. It might just be rare in all places, with some people who use it scattered throughout. 18:52, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Or it might be common in all places. Take the example of ain't which probably epitomizes the common "nonstandard" word. --WikiTiki89 18:55, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Let's use that example then. If it's commonly used (it is), then it's not rare nor nonstandard (which seems to mean the same as rare, according to your definition). So by my reasoning we should be labelling it as "proscribed" instead. 19:00, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * No, I was the one who said that "Things that are considered nonstandard or proscribed are usually not rare." --WikiTiki89 19:03, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

 * @CodeCat re "then it seems the 'as used by the majority' part doesn't apply": If a sense is used by, say, 20 million Americans, but the other 290 million disuse and sometimes explicitly deprecate it, then it is (and/or potentially even ) in the US, but it is not  (though it might be ), especially if many of the 290 million recognize it — which is indeed a prerequisite to them proscribing it. For example, unless there are style guides which deprecate it,  seems to be  but not , nor all that  (it's about [//books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%28stealer*30%29%2Cthief&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2C%28stealer%20*%2030%29%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cthief%3B%2Cc0 1/30th as common as "thief"]). - -sche (discuss) 19:17, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Going by how our entry defines "nonstandard", I'd say that if a term/sense/spelling is used by a majority of speakers, it's not "nonstandard" — yet it may still be proscribed by a minority of speakers. For example, "they" seems to have always been used by more people than proscribe it, yet a minority do still proscribe it, so it seems to be "proscribed" but not "nonstandard". For another example, "vulva" is probably the most common sense of "vagina", even though medical professionals might proscribe it. (We currently just call the sense "colloquial", which seems to be along the lines of what BD proposes — we're stating where / in what register it's correct.) But even this rule isn't always followed in practice, and I have seen "nonstandard" used to describe words that are common but not 'correct' according to some self-appointed authorities like dictionaries or style guides. - -sche (discuss) 19:17, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Umm... Who proscribes "they"? Unless you mean the gender-neutral singular sense? --WikiTiki89 19:21, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, the singular sense; sorry I neglected to make that clear. - -sche (discuss) 19:23, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * In that case, I am fairly sure that a majority still proscribe it. That does not mean that those who proscribe it don't use it themselves. --WikiTiki89 19:27, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * All of this seems like hair splitting to me though. A term is still proscribed whether by a minority or a majority. So why label only one of them "proscribed" and use "nonstandard" for the other? I'd rather be consistent here. 20:02, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * "Proscribed" and "nonstandard" are not mutually exclusive. Anything that is proscribed — and IMO that means proscribed by specific authorities on usage like dictionaries or style guides, not just disliked by some random bloke(s) — should indeed be, and in my experience usually is, labelled "proscribed". (If the thing is proscribed by some authorities but allowed by others, the qualifier "sometimes" can be, and IME often is, added.) Things that are proscribed may or may not be nonstandard (e.g. using "vagina" to mean "vulva" may be proscribed, but is not nonstandard), and things that are nonstandard may or may not be proscribed (e.g. "stealer" is nonstandard, but it doesn't seem to have been proscribed by any style guides). Similarly, things that are either "proscribed" or "nonstandard" may or may not be "rare" (e.g. setting aside debate over whether or not it is nonstandard, and debate over how many authorities proscribe it, I think we can all agree that singular "they" is both (a) proscribed by some authorities and (b) not rare). And things that are "rare" may or may not be "nonstandard" or "proscribed". - -sche (discuss) 20:31, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm not saying that they are mutually exclusive. I actually mean to say that all nonstandard terms are proscribed against. So nonstandard is a subset of proscribed. Your example of "stealer" is apparently a counterargument, but this is where the ambiguity between "nonstandard" and "rare" comes in again. Why is it nonstandard rather than rare? Because it is rare, isn't it? 20:43, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

Are prepositional phrases adverbs?
Are these always adverbs as far as their place in the sentence is concerned? 18:30, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * There are adverbial phrases and adjectival phrases. This is in fact what causes the ambiguity in "One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas." "In my pajamas" could either be an adverbial phrase modifying "shot", or an adjectival phrase modifying "elephant". --WikiTiki89 19:50, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * But you can replace "in my pajamas" with "here". In a phrase like "this elephant here" the word seems to fulfill the same kind of adjective function; it's not modifying a verb in any case. 19:59, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * "this X here" is a set idiom (and is colloquial). The more "standard" interpretation would be that "here" is an adverb modifying "shot". --WikiTiki89 20:07, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Locatives can be adverbs (here), nouns (home), or prepositional phrases (to work), so they are not wonderful examples. The same can be said of temporal terms: later (adverb), November 16th (noun), in three hours (prepositional phrase). Having prepositional phrases as an L3 header was intended to eliminate the need for duplicating material with minor rewording between adjective and adverb PoS sections. DCDuring TALK 20:10, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * To me, the adjectival use of "in my pajamas" kind of feels like it is really an elided relative clause of some kind, like "who was in my pajamas". The other terms you mentioned are similar. English also allows privative phrases: "without my pajamas" has the same ambiguity. It just happens that there is no simple privative adverb corresponding to "without...". You can also use a present participle phrase: "I shot an elephant doing my laundry" again shows the same ambiguity as to who is doing the laundry. 20:18, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't understand your point about "without"; it works exactly the same way as "in". You're right that participle phrases function the same way as prepositional phrases. --WikiTiki89 20:24, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * What I mean is that it might not be correct to analyse them as "adjectives" but rather as elided relative/subordinate clauses. In Dutch, most of the examples above also work, as it allows the same kind of elision. But it doesn't work for participles, so you end up with an actual subordinate clause: "terwijl ik/hij de was deed" (while I/it did the laundry). I think that illustrates the subordinate clause analysis rather well. 20:29, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Please stay with surface analysis. Deep-structure analysis doesn't offer any less ambiguity.
 * BTW, re: participle phrases and prepositional phrases: Note the significant number of English prepositions ending in "ing", eg, during, that evolved from participles. DCDuring TALK 21:27, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * You're talking nonsense. During is quite clearly a proper noun. :) In any case, there are a few in Dutch too, like . But these must all be older as present participles are more restricted in usage in modern Dutch than they are in modern English. 21:39, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you know how they are used in German, or other Germanic languages? --WikiTiki89 21:45, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * German has and, but I don't understand what sort of answer you're looking for with "how they are used". They're used like prepositions; entsprechend takes the dative (as indeed the verb  does) and während takes the genitive (and is probably not synchronically felt to be derived from the verb  anymore). —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 22:13, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I meant about using participle phrases directly as modifiers. --WikiTiki89 01:44, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I consider adverbs to be "pro-prepositions": just as a pronoun can stand in for a noun phrase and a pro-verb can stand in for a verb phrase, an adverb can stand in for a prepositional phrase. But I wouldn't say prepositional phrases are all adverbs any more than I would say noun phrases are all pronouns. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 20:33, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * That's actually an interesting analysis. :) 20:37, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

Are names always proper nouns (or proper names)?
Are there any cases where a name is not a proper noun/name? —CodeCat 18:05, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Did we not have a discussion about this recently? — Keφr 18:11, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I think it depends on your definition of "name". --WikiTiki89 18:22, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * That discussion was more about what a proper noun is. This is about whether names are a subset of proper nouns. More to the point, would it be valid to put Category:English names in Category:English proper nouns as a subcategory, or are there some names that are not proper nouns (which would make subcategorising inappropriate)? —CodeCat 18:30, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Barack Obama is a proper name, ergo also a name, and a noun phrase, that consists of two proper nouns. Therefore it is not itself a proper noun, as I read Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. DCDuring TALK 18:32, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Do we now or might we ever have any MWEs in Category:English names? DCDuring TALK 18:34, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * @CodeCat, In that case yes. @DCDuring, I don't think we should differentiate between "proper nouns" and "proper names"; it's a rather useless distinction. --WikiTiki89 18:39, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Using Wiktionary's current terminology, a proper noun consisting of multiple words is a "phrasal proper noun". So we consider them a subset of proper nouns in general. —CodeCat 18:44, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. Barack and Obama are (almost?) always proper nouns but are only proper names in some contexts, ie, post 2004 Democratic convention for some, post 2008 primaries for others. Barack Obama is almost always so.  even more often. DCDuring TALK 18:52, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * What is in Category:English names now? Have we ever specified the context of that category or, for that matter, of Category:English proper nouns? DCDuring TALK 18:52, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't get it. When is Barack or Obama not a proper name? --WikiTiki89 19:06, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * This whole discussion reminds me of an anecdote: someone meeting Bill Murray asked "Are you the Bill Murray?" He reportedly answered "Well, I am a Bill Murray." And it all kind of tells me that the division between common and proper nouns is quite subjective and arbitrary. — Keφr 20:21, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I think we've established in previous discussions that pretty much any proper noun can be converted to a common noun (very similar to how any noun can be converted to a verb, among other things). Incidentally: "Hurrying his friend along would save him from the bother of Bill Murraying the ghost into the next life." --WikiTiki89 20:28, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

 * In the previous discussion, evidence was presented that all names are, at least some of the time, not proper nouns. In fact, all of the kinds of terms we label "proper nouns" fail some of the time to meet the criteria that allegedly separate proper nouns from common nouns. I.e., in a thorough treatment, they would all need to have ===Noun=== sections. For example, (region, nation),  (specific city),  (specific structure),  (first name),  (last name), and even, ,  and even  (specific historical individuals), can all take definite and indefinite articles, and also pluralize, some of the time. (From Google Books: "we have to have Taj Mahals at each of our big military bases", "it doesn't take a person with the charisma of a John F. Kennedy to make a memorable statement[; and] they believe the JFKs of the world to be the exception rather than the rule", "it was the Platos who disappeared before the Euclids", "he protested against Platos in petticoats", "as powerful as an Obama or a Martin Luther King", "[something] happened to the Barack Obama of 2008".) We should consider how de.Wikt handles things: multiple part-of-speech-like designations can be provided within one L3 header, e.g. de:Angela is labelled "Noun, name", de:Berlin is labelled "Noun, placename" (and separately "Noun, last name"), and de:Euklid is labelled "Noun, proper name/noun". - -sche (discuss) 20:24, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * [after e/c]
 * When it doesn't refer to any specific person, just any old Barack.
 * It's not arbitrary, it's contextual, having to do with the real use of the words. We can't really have proper names in Wiktionary, unless they have become part of the language at some time, like Cato the Younger, allusively referring the the paradigm of honor for many in the 18th century. DCDuring TALK 20:31, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It never refers to "just any old Barack" unless it is turned into a common noun ("I met another Barack today."). The speaker always has a specific person in mind, even if it that person is not Mr. President. --WikiTiki89 20:33, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Every way a word functions need not put it in a different class. When Shakespeare had a character say "Uncle me no uncles" that did not make uncle a verb. Using a noun attributively does not make it an adjective. Screaming, "John!!!" does not make John an interjection. DCDuring TALK 21:33, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * And saying "I met a John today." does not make it a common noun. --WikiTiki89 22:49, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Right. That is an example of a context in which the proper noun John is used as a proper name. I don't see the value of having a common noun section for every proper noun that can serve as or in a proper name. These secondary function are a characteristic of any of these proper nouns. DCDuring TALK 23:25, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It's an example of it being a common noun, not a proper name. But I agree that we don't need separate common noun sections for proper nouns. --WikiTiki89 01:45, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

Why don’t we list attested plural forms for proper nouns? “How many Irenes do you know?” “There are over 3600 San Juans in the world.” “All these would be statesmen think they are Churchills.” These plurals lack entries, and aren’t mentioned in Irene, San Juan, and Churchill. —Michael Z. 2014-08-01 05:39 z
 * At one time, there may have been disagreement about whether or not it was desirable to list such plurals. At this point, the main reason particular entries don't show their plural forms seems to be that no-one's gotten around to editing those entries yet. I've added the attested plural forms to all the name entries I've edited (including at least a couple dozen this week), but it'll take a while to get to them all. (One might think of having a bot add them en masse, but there are enough quirks that that might be unadvisable, e.g. some names that end in -y pluralize by -s, some by -ies, some by both.) - -sche (discuss) 07:02, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary:Information desk/2014/July


text: 걸어

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 걸어


text:
Irish confetti

Noun

 * 1)  A brick or bricks thrown during a fight.

title: Irish confetti


text:
iron bloom

Noun

 * 1) A mixture of fine iron particles, unreacted iron oxide (ore), slag and charcoal residue.

Translations

 * German:

title: iron bloom


text:
isocracy

Noun

 * 1) A form of government where all citizens have equal political power.

title: isocracy


text:
jack of all trades

Etymology
1610s, from sense. Originally a term of praise (competent in many endeavors), today generally used disparagingly, with emphasis on (implied or stated) “master of none”, as in later longer form.

First attested in Essayes and characters of a prison and prisoners, by Geffray Minshull, published 1618 (written 1612), p. 50, as Jack-of-all-trades.

Noun

 * 1)  One competent in many endeavors, especially one who excels in none of them.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: ĉiofaranto
 * Finnish: jokapaikanhöylä,
 * French: ,
 * German: Alleskönner, ; ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: þúsundþjalasmiður
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 何でも屋 , 万屋
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: homo omnis Minervae
 * Latvian: meistars visās lietās
 * Manx: yl-cheirdagh
 * Norman: homme à tout faithe
 * Norwegian: tusenkunstner, alt-mulig-mann
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: pau pra toda obra, homem dos sete ofícios,
 * Russian:, автофотовеломототелерадиомонтёр ,
 * Spanish:, hombre orquesta, , hombre renacentista, hombre del renacimiento, todólogo, todóloga
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: elinden her iş gelir

title: jack of all trades


text: Jack of all trades

title: Jack of all trades


text: Penge

title: Penge


text:
jewel-neck

Noun

 * 1) A round neckline that follows the base of the neck.

title: jewel-neck


text:
jimador

Noun

 * 1) A field worker who harvests agave plants for mezcal and tequila production using a coa.

title: jimador


text:
joss stick

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) A stick of incense, especially  those burned as an offering before a Chinese shrine.

Translations

 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 香
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, suitsutuspuikko
 * German:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: bata túise
 * Italian: bastoncini di incenso
 * Malay:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: tanghas
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: tütsü çubuğu

title: joss stick


text:
jovenzuelo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) youngster

title: jovenzuelo


text: Category:Australian English

title: Category:Australian English


text: User:Grammatical error~enwiktionary

title: User:Grammatical error~enwiktionary


text:
verruciform

Pronunciation

 * və-rū'sə-fôrm'

Adjective

 * 1) Having a shape like a wart or warts.

title: verruciform


text:
User talk:Izumi5

Language templates
Hello and welcome to Wiktionary. We appreciate your entries, but here in the English Wiktionary we spell all the language names out (Japanese) and do not use language templates such as. —Stephen 12:01, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Japanese
Hiya - good work adding some more Japanese, it's needed! It would be helpful if you could include the word again under the Noun header, as well as hiragana information if possible. Have a look at 意地悪 for an example of what I mean. Thanks! Widsith 08:38, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Hello again. Please have a look at the way I have reformatted そうちょう. If you click on "Edit" you will see that I have used templates to enter the definitions. This makes things easier technically and helps keep our entries looking the same. I also added a Category at the bottom. If you could try and follow this format it would be appreciated. For more examples you can go to the Main Page, Browse By Language, and follow links to Japanese. They should give you an idea of how things should look. Thanks Widsith 10:00, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

No worries. You should check out this page: Wiktionary:About Japanese for more guidance. Widsith 10:13, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Hi there! We were all new here once. Please don't be the first wiki 切腹, and enjoy your stay here.SemperBlotto 10:31, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Japanese quasi adjectives
Hi there again. Glad you're still alive. Did you want your first attempt at a category Category:Quasi Adjective deleted? I notice that you have created Japanese quasi adjectives but there is nothing in it. If it is going to be a list of such words, we normally have a different naming convention for such things. If it was just an experiment, I can delete it for you. Would you also like to generate an English language entry for quasi adjective (or I could have a go). SemperBlotto 15:27, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

I have just found 有り. So, do we already have such a category? SemperBlotto 15:31, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

授業する
We do not blank entries! If you have reason to dispute a term, it can be listed on our verification list. --Connel MacKenzie T C 02:28, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

ukiyo-e
Hiya again! Could you have a look at my etymology for ukiyo-e please, and see if I've made any mistakes? Widsith 10:33, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Kango and wago entries
Hi, Izumi5. Do you have time or energy to comment regarding the best location for the main entry for 和語 terms? Wiktionary talk:About Japanese has an active discussion where we are trying to settle whether it is best to put the main entry for 和語 terms on the kana page. You input would be much appreciated. Rodasmith 16:02, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Category:Japanese language
Hi, Izumi5! Thank you for adding and  to many entries. In this edit, you added Category:Japanese language. I removed Category:Japanese language because the entry already has Category:Japanese nouns. Please tell me if you think my edit is incorrect. Rodasmith 16:31, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Hello again. In this edit, you removed the section " ". 秒 is a 助数詞, so I restored that section. Please let me know if you disagree with using "===Counter===" in Japanese entries. Rod (A. Smith) 23:42, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Please look at 飛行場. There is an easier form of the kanji table thanks to Stephen G. Brown. We also have a newer template for nouns Template:ja-noun that can be used for all the script forms. (likewise ja-verb, ja-adj, and ja-pos for others) Should make it easier to get the cats right. (And as Rodasmith says, words don't go in Category:Japanese language unless they are about the language e.g. shinjitai) Thank you! Robert Ullmann 14:47, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Category:Japanese romaji
It is in Category:Japanese language. (I just moved it from J to R to make it easier to find!) The words in a category appear under the entry name. It isn't possible to make them appear as kanji(romaji) or some such. On the other hand, when ja-noun is used, words appear in Category:Japanese nouns sorted by kana, but then in order for each entry by romaji, kana, and then kanji forms.

The templates (ja-noun -verb -adj -pos) add entries to the romaji category if the form is r.

Oh, btw you don't need the underscores in 1000_Japanese_basic_words, but they do no harm I can see either ;-) Robert Ullmann 13:41, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I tweaked 本, the ja-noun parameter is count=; also the entry for a counter can be done with, likewise particles, adverbs, conjunctions, etc. See . (oh, I live in Nairobi, so my timezone conveniently overlaps both East Asia and the US; I'm not hard to find!) Robert Ullmann 14:02, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I had just changed it so the parameter on ja-noun was (correctly) count=, and you changed it back? ;-). Note that the form= parameter in   is an experiment; I wouldn't worry about it now. (We want to have some way of saying this is one or the other or both, and the other is... and also possibly have categories, but it hasn't been worked out yet.) The rs= parameter is important to sort [:Category:Japanese kanji]], and often missing, any you can add are good! Robert Ullmann 14:16, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * sw is Kiswahili. (Swedish is se). No-one has done the Babel templates yet; I should probably see if I can steal them from the wikipedia ;-) Oh, just a thought: 漢 might be a good word to add a proper definition to. Robert Ullmann 14:20, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

ja-noun etc
Hi, answered on my talk page.

I didn't answer your question on   the rs= parameter gives the radical and (2-digit) additional stroke count for the character, so it can sort properly; for single kanji that information is (almost always) on the page near the top. (make sure you use the Japanese radical and added stroke count; Chinese is sometimes different as you know.) Robert Ullmann 11:37, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

kanjigrade
The education kanji are normally divided into grades 1-9 ... and we have categories for them (up to 6).

I would think you would want to use 1-9 and then codes for the other categories? Robert Ullmann 12:23, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Please? We already have Category:Grade 1 kanji through Category:Grade 6 kanji (and should be extended up to 9) for the education kanji. This is the standard use of "grade" for kanji. If you want to put other kanji in two other categories, please use some other term. Kanji not for general use is already there, it is Category:Uncommon kanji. I don't think we need any new categories; the structure you are trying to build exists. (although there is no separate cat for kanji not education, but in general use.)

Don't re-use the term grade! It will confuse things a lot. Look at the sub-categories in Category:Japanese kanji. Robert Ullmann 12:48, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * My concern is mostly using the term "grade" in two different confusing ways. The existing "grade" categories are well established, and use the term "grade" in the most common conventional English usage: a school grade. (UK/British use "Form" as well). There isn't anything wrong with having those 6+ cats in Category:Japanese language, an extra level of categorization just adds confusion. Why not put the other kanji in use in the standard numbered grades if desired, and put unusual kanji in the established cat? Robert Ullmann 14:13, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The Joyo list is grades 1-7, 1-6 being the "education" grades, and grade 7 is the rest of the Joyo list. (total of 1945 characters) Grade 8 is Jinmei Kanji, another 895 characters. The others in general use are grade 9. Why not create the cats for grade 7-9, and put anything else in "Uncommon kanji" ? The template can take a number (1-9) or something else (uncommon ?) to list it as uncommon?
 * or something like that? Robert Ullmann 14:38, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * or something like that? Robert Ullmann 14:38, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry I've sounded a bit exasperated, but we've had the established categories. Then someone (Jun-Dai and Tohru ;-) created new cats for the Jōyō list, but never used them; and then I see you creating yet another set of new cats to do what is already there ... we could certainly use categories for grade 7/rest of 常用漢字, grade 8/人名漢字, and grade 9/other kanji in general use. (and 常用 and 人名/人名用 could use Japanese definitions ;-) Robert Ullmann 15:16, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You don't need my permission, but is there some reason the categories that actually contain kanji shouldn't be catted in Category:Japanese kanji? An extra level just to contain a few categories is confusing? 15:42, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

I really like what you are doing here.

You set it up to appear after the kanji template, which places it under readings; I agree that is the best place given what the structure was, but still not very good; it isn't a reading. So since you are asleep (I ought to be, it is now 2 AM EAT, Nairobi), I decided to make a few changes ...

I changed to generate just text like "grade 4 kanji". I then changed   to call kanjigrade if it is given a grade= parameter. The rs= parameter it already has, so it can pass that too. That way the grade/cat text can appear on the "inflection" line, after the Kanji heading. Also made it show the kanji, a bit larger, and always in a Japanese font. (Sometimes this wasn't happening; you'd see the simplified Chinese character with the same code!)

If you like all this, at some point we can combine it into the kanji template. It will also end up being named ja-kanji as it should be, but I'm moving another template to do that ... Robert Ullmann 23:09, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I added the documentation to template:kanji, with a few edits. I haven't folded the source in yet, it calls template:kanjigrade. I changed one of the links, to the ja wikipedia. (you can do (article) to link there. Is there an article there that has the 6 education grades listed? I would think so, but I didn't look very hard ;-). Would be better than an external link that might wander away. The last definitions are still a bit odd; there are kanji that are used, but not on the Jōyō list, and then there are lots of kyūjitai that are not used. ... Robert Ullmann 15:40, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

other things
Added adnominal but note that the status of that as a L3 header is un-resolved.

Can you please use instead of  going forward. I moved ja-kanji to ja-kanjitab because at some point   should be moved to ja-kanji where it belongs ... Robert Ullmann 12:40, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

I added a simple meaning parameter to  , seemed appropriate especially for grades 1-6. Changed the reference to the wikipedia article. Robert Ullmann 16:43, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Answered one question on my talk page. See aoi. Robert Ullmann 13:53, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

ローマ字
Hi, someone has messed this up again (some comment about nothing knows the relationship...?) Can you fix it again, and put both the hira= and kata= parameters in? Thanks. Robert Ullmann 16:41, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Did some research; apparently this user "Gliorzio" has been steadily vandalizing entries for a long time. I've gone back through his contributions a little ways, and every single edit is removing useful information! Robert Ullmann 17:29, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I edit with accuracy in Japanese language. - Gliorszio 17:45, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

凸凹
Could you look at this? SemperBlotto fixed it a bit, and I did some more. But I don't think the reading/romaji is right as the user entered it. Don't know which is. Robert Ullmann 11:07, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * 凹凸な "uneven", 凹凸 "unevenness" ? Robert Ullmann 11:51, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

I promoted you to en-3
I.e. I took the liberty of editing the babel template on your user page. You do make some grammatical errors, but I've never seen one that changed the meaning of the sentence ... and you do use idiomatic English. Robert Ullmann 22:30, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

I've moved ja-kanji to, and improved it so it is easier to use. So please use that name.

I'm working on separating   into, including your kanjigrade code, and  so that the section header (Readings) isn't in the template. Robert Ullmann 16:04, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Did this.

 * I noted 福島県 while doing this, and had some observations; feel free to revert it. I don't think we really need to sub-cat the prefectures or provide the ISO LOCCODES. Or even sort 'specially; there are 46 entries? Robert Ullmann 21:32, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi! Did you like the prefecture entry? So your code for grades is in, thank you. I've removed some of the extra categories that had been sitting unused. Robert Ullmann 12:41, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

kanji in headwords and bold
(e.g. ja-noun) we had decided as a matter of style not to bold kanji and hanzi as headwords, they become much less readable. It is okay/looks good in alphabetic scripts. In any case, it gets controlled by JAchar when present. (for example, ARchar does bold Arabic script, but also makes it a bit bigger since the default is tiny.) Robert Ullmann 11:58, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

kanji, ja-kanji, and ja-readings
I'm probably confusing you?

I'm running a bot-like process to fix the Nanshu han character headers to be standard. Along the way, it is adding the rs= parameter to  the kanji template (automatically! it can parse the info at the top of the entry), and then replacing it with ja-kanji, the ====Readings==== header, and ja-readings. The rs and grade parameters go with ja-kanji, on, kun, nanori, etc in ja-readings.

If an entry already has ja-kanji, just fill in the grade; if not, add it to kanji ...

Don't worry about adding in the rs parameters, I'm going to catch all of those with bot magic (much easier!).

And it is good to see you again Robert Ullmann 17:50, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Look at 恩 now, after my code has been run. Is this okay? Robert Ullmann 14:59, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:均-bw.png
Hi! Why are you copying this from Commons? It just gets referred to from there. We don't store any images locally. Robert Ullmann 15:24, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The image on commons has been tagged as not licensed? You apparently didn't fill in that you created it yourself? Robert Ullmann 22:23, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Please be more careful
Please be more careful with. Each trans-top tag needs to identify the gloss of the definition it refers to. (Gloss, in this context, means the un-ambiguous summary of the definition sense.)

Thanks in advance,

--Connel MacKenzie 18:39, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

でんせん
(Hi, good to see you again)

L3 header should be a part of speech (e.g. Noun), not "Romaji" or "Hiragana". Robert Ullmann 13:38, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Hey
Hi you might be interested in this? =) --BiT 00:52, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Importation of a French/Japanese dictionary on Wiktionary
Hello !

We are transferring the content of dico.fj.free.fr, a French/Japanese dictionary based on EDict. We are about to import 17 000 articles :) These are what we are working on :
 * We have to improve the Japanese conjugation templates.
 * We also are completing this pronunciation table.
 * And of course, we are working on conversion rules for the importation :)

We have already :
 * a function that generates romaji from kana
 * a function that generates IPA pronunciation from kana

All contributors are welcome !

Good contributions on Wiktionary !!!

Ftiercel 15:29, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Izumi5


text:
stricture

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A rule restricting behaviour or action.
 * 2) * 1931 Edgar Wallace: Again Sanders
 * "That is a matter for you to discuss with the Government," said Sanders, in his iciest tone. "I am only authorized to collect twenty-eight thousand. I will note your strictures and report them to Whitehall.""I'm passing no strictures said the Major, hastily.He had been warned against Sanders...
 * 1) A general state of restrictiveness on behavior, action, or ideology.
 * 2) A sternly critical remark or review.
 * 3)   Abnormal narrowing of a canal or duct in the body.
 * 4)  Strictness.
 * 5)  A stroke; a glance; a touch.
 * 6)  The degree of contact, in consonants.
 * 1) A sternly critical remark or review.
 * 2)   Abnormal narrowing of a canal or duct in the body.
 * 3)  Strictness.
 * 4)  A stroke; a glance; a touch.
 * 5)  The degree of contact, in consonants.
 * 1)  Strictness.
 * 2)  A stroke; a glance; a touch.
 * 3)  The degree of contact, in consonants.
 * 1)  The degree of contact, in consonants.
 * 1)  The degree of contact, in consonants.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Russian: суровая критика

 * Arabic: تَضَيُّق
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: kurouma, ahtauma, striktuura
 * French: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, striktuura
 * French:

title: stricture


text:
Template talk:top3

I added the colour in the same as. To me it looks better than having no colour on 3 column tables, but colour on 2 column tables. I checked out a fair sample of the entries using the template, and they all look fine, probably better.--Richardb 13:36, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:top3


text:
Category talk:User warning templates

This concept seems to have been created by PsyGuy. Despite his assertion that these templates are used by many administrators, in fact, at the time of checking, many are not used at all! Good luck if PsyGuy gets something going here, but, just in case it is a stillborn idea, I'm going to add it to my watchlist. If they ain't used in the next few months, I'll probably add them to WT:RFD--Richardb 13:42, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, Tawker just used one ;-). I suppose they can stay here, even if they're only used sporadically. — Vildricianus 13:49, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * To confess, the note at the top of the category page is taken directly from WP. I created the category in order to supplement Vandalism.  I am not trying to overwhelm the community with laws but I think that adopting the basic structures and regulations that govern all wikis in important in the overarching Metapedian idea. -- Psy guy 18:18, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Doesn't matter. They can be used if necessary. If they're not, they do no harm, do they? — Vildricianus 18:24, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:User warning templates


text:
lanai

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A Hawaiian-style roofed patio.

title: lanai


text:
prevailing party

Noun

 * 1)  The party in a civil lawsuit whom the factfinder determines to be right, and who, in some jurisdictions, may recover attorney's fees and other expenses associated with the prosecution or defense of the lawsuit.

title: prevailing party


text:
attorney's fee

Noun

 * 1)  The fee charged by an attorney for work done in relation to a lawsuit or other work done by an attorney.
 * 2)  An amount set by a court to be awarded to a prevailing party based on the reasonable fee that their attorney should have charged, based on the length and complexity of the case.

title: attorney's fee


text:
Talk:attorney's fee

The following are common mis-statements or alternate statements of this term: attorneys fee, attorneys fees, attorney fee, attorney fees, attorney's fees. bd2412 T 14:32, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:attorney's fee


text: attorneys fees

title: attorneys fees


text:
Talk:methinks

Is it really a verb? Methinks, in usage it looks more like an interjection, or an adverb. Dart evader 14:36, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * In modern usage you may be right. It goes back to an old causative double in germanic. In dutch an german they are still there (though little used):
 * dunken - denken
 * dünken - denken

Dunken is 'to make denk'. (Just like to set is to make sit) nl:Gebruiker:Jcwf

 * It’s a so-called impersonal verbform. The Modern English equivalent is seen in expressions such as "it is raining," where "it" has no referent (impersonal). —Stephen 15:07, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It cracks me up? (-)) Jcwf
 * OK, thanks, Stephen. Dart evader

Why isn't methinks obsolete? In 1921, a book published by Harvard said it was. [Google Books Link]

 * I think archaic might be a better label. In the U.S. I still hear and use methinks from time to time for its distinctive old-hickory effect. —Stephen 23:15, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

German forms -  Further forms
This is a very old "twin" verb. Gothic þagkjan - past þâhta to think  þugkjan - past þûhta to seem - impersonal + dat.

'Anglo-Saxon" þencan - þôhte - 3eþôht               þyncan - þûhte - 3eþûht'' - impers. + dat.

German denken - dâchte - gedâcht to think dünken - es dünkt mich, dich, ihn, sie... - dauchte - es hat mich gedaucht to seem impers. + acc.  mir deucht[e] is Subjunctive Imperfect [Konjunktiv II] wrongly spelt and wrongly used; correct däuchte = past tense

Online source: www.dwb.uni-trier.de - article: DÜNKEN .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-

There should be more forms in English: theethinks, himthinks, herthinks, usthinks, youthinks, themthinks

but I lack resources to check.

Nuremberg / Bavaria  Ángel García ~ ~ ~ ~

See also section
In the 'See also' section, there are currently three similar terms listed: I wonder, has there ever been in usage any other term similar to these? Has mefeels ever been a term, or mesuspects, meconjectures, mesurmises? Perhaps meknows? Maybe meworries? Any? Or, do (A) methinks/methinking/methought, (B) meseems/meseeming/meseemed, and (C) mehopes/mehoping/mehoped constitute the entirety of terms that share this root? Sincerely, allixpeeke (talk) 06:47, 1 November 2018 (UTC)

Tenses
I see methought listed as the past tense of methinks. While obviously thought is the past tense of think, I would have thought, due to the unusualness of the term, that the past tense of methinks might have been methinked. I do see that there are quotations on the methought page verifying its usage as an actual term. Nevertheless, I have to wonder whether methinked may have been also used as a term and, if so, whether its meaning might not be identical to methought. Is there any historical record to indicate that methinked may also have been a term? Yours, allixpeeke (talk) 06:47, 1 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I dont think it would be. The verb in use here is simply the normal verb think, and it has the -s because it's using an impersonal subject, as if implying "it thinks to me".  It therefore would have the past tense thought. — Soap — 00:24, 25 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I made a mistake. This really is a separate verb historically, ... it's the causative form of the normal verb think. A bit like how set is the causative form of sit. It seems that English, unlike German, merged the two into one over time. why? in Middle English the sequence eng was shifted to ing, and this may have also entailed    enk shifting to ink.  — Soap — 16:03, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

meseemed
is there a specific reason for meseemed not to be added? --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:03, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

Old English
I took out this Old English quote from the entry: I assume this is NISoP in Old English so doesn't merit its own entry. This, that and the other (talk) 13:23, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * ~870-899, Alfred the Great: ang <!--needs name of work-->
 * Forthy me thincth betre, gif iow swæ thincth, thæt we eac sumæ bec

title: Talk:methinks


text:
mass grave

Noun

 * 1) A grave (in any of the countable senses) containing many corpses.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مَقْبَرَة جَمَاعِيَّة
 * Armenian: եղբայրական գերեզման
 * Azerbaijani: kütləvi məzarlıq
 * Belarusian: бра́цкая магі́ла, братэ́рская магі́ла, ма́савае пахава́нне
 * Bulgarian: ма́сов гроб
 * Chechen:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: hromadný hrob, masový hrob
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, verzamelgraf
 * Esperanto: amastombejo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ;
 * Georgian:
 * German: ;  Sammelgrab
 * Hebrew: קֶבֶר אַחִים
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: fossa comune
 * Japanese: 集団墓地
 * Kazakh: туыс бауырластар қабірі
 * Khmer: ផ្នូរដ៏ធំ
 * Korean: 공동묘지(共同墓地)
 * Latvian: brāļu kapi
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: масовна гробница
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: massegrav
 * Persian:
 * Polish: mogiła zbiorowa
 * Portuguese: vala coletiva, cova coletiva,
 * Romanian: groapă comună
 * Russian:, ма́ссовое захороне́ние
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: масовна гробница
 * Roman: masovna grobnica
 * Slovak: masový hrob
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: toplu mezar
 * Ukrainian:, ма́сове захоро́нення
 * Vietnamese: mộ tập thể

title: mass grave


text:
natural disaster

Noun

 * 1) Any natural phenomenon that causes great damage and loss of life.
 * 2) The emergency situation that is the consequence of such an event.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: natuurramp
 * Arabic: كارثة طبيعية
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: desastre natural
 * Azerbaijani: təbii fəlakət
 * Bashkir: тәбиғәт һәләкәте
 * Basque: hondamen natural
 * Belarusian: стыхійнае бедства
 * Bengali: প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ
 * Bulgarian: приро́дно бе́дствие
 * Burmese: သဘာဝဘေးအန္တရာယ်
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: naturkatastrofo
 * Estonian: loodusõnnetus
 * Faroese: náttúruvanlukka
 * Finnish:
 * French: désastre naturel,
 * Galician: catástrofe natural
 * Georgian: სტიქიური უბედურება, ბუნებრივი კატაკლიზმა
 * German:
 * Greek: φυσική καταστροφή,
 * Haitian Creole: desas natirèl
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: प्राकृतिक आपदा
 * Hungarian:
 * Interlingua: disastro natural
 * Italian: disastro naturale
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada: ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ವಿಕೋಪ
 * Lithuanian: stichinė nelaimė
 * Macedonian: природна катастрофа
 * Malayalam: പ്രകൃതിക്ഷോഭം
 * Marathi: नैसर्गिक संकट
 * Mongolian:
 * Nepali: प्राकृतिक प्रकोप
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: naturkatastrofe
 * Nynorsk: naturkatastrofe
 * Occitan: catastròfa naturala
 * Pashto: طبيعي ناورين
 * Polish:, katastrofa naturalna,
 * Portuguese: desastre natural
 * Punjabi: ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਤਬਾਹੀ
 * Romanian: dezastru natural
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: prirodna katastrofa
 * Sindhi: قدرتي آفت
 * Slovak: živelná pohroma
 * Slovene: naravna katastrofa
 * Spanish: desastre natural
 * Swahili: maafa asilia
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: likas na sakuna
 * Tamil: இயற்கைப் பேரழிவு
 * Thai: ภัยธรรมชาติ
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: قدرتی آفت
 * Uzbek: tabiiy ofat
 * Vietnamese: thảm hoạ thiên nhiên,
 * Welsh: trychineb naturiol
 * West Frisian: natoerramp
 * Western Panjabi: قدرتی تباہی

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek: φυσική καταστροφή
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: disastro naturale
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:

 * Czech:
 * Irish: ,

title: natural disaster


text:
eye for an eye

Etymology
, in reference to Exodus 21:23-25: "And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe" (King James Version; spelling modernized).

Noun

 * 1)  Compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting an identical injury on that person.

Translations

 * Amharic: ዓይን ስለ ዓይን, አይን ስለ አይን, አይን ሥለ አይን, ዓይን ሥለ ዓይን
 * Arabic: الْعَيْنُ بِالْعَيْن
 * Aramaic: ܥܲܝܢܵܐ ܚܠܵܦ݂ ܥܲܝܢܵܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: gözə göz, dişə diş
 * Belarusian: во́ка за во́ка, зуб за зуб, во́ка за во́ка
 * Bulgarian: о́ко за о́ко, зъб за зъб, о́ко за о́ко
 * Catalan: ull per ull, dent per dent
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: oko za oko, zub za zub, oko za oko
 * Danish: øje for øje
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: okulon pro okulo, denton pro dento
 * Estonian: silm silma vastu
 * Faroese: eyga fyri eyga, eyga fyri eyga, tonn fyri tonn
 * Finnish: silmä silmästä
 * French:
 * Galician: ollo por ollo
 * Georgian: თვალი თვალისთვის
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ख़ून का बदला ख़ून
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: occhio per occhio
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 눈에는 눈
 * Macedonian: око за око, заб за заб, око за око
 * Maltese: għajn għal għajn, sinna għal sinna, għajn għal għajn
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: øye for øye, tann for tann
 * Nynorsk: auga for auga, tann for tann
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: око за око, зѫбъ за зѫбъ
 * Glagolitic: ⱁⰽⱁ ⰸⰰ ⱁⰽⱁ, ⰸⱘⰱⱏ ⰸⰰ ⰸⱘⰱⱏ
 * Old English: ēaġe for ēaġe
 * Polish:, oko za oko
 * Portuguese: olho por olho
 * Russian:, о́ко за о́ко, глаз за глаз
 * Scottish Gaelic: ìghne airson ìghne, sùil airson sùla is fiacaill airson fiacla
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: око за око, зуб за зуб, око за око
 * Roman: oko za oko, zub za zub, oko za oko
 * Slovak: oko za oko, zub za zub, oko za oko
 * Slovene: oko za oko, zob za zob, oko za oko
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower: woko za woko
 * Upper: woko za woko
 * Spanish: ojo por ojo
 * Swahili: jicho kwa jicho
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: mata sa mata
 * Telugu:
 * Ukrainian: о́ко за о́ко, зуб за зуб, о́ко за о́ко
 * Urdu: خون کا بدلہ خون
 * Vietnamese: mắt đền mắt, răng đền răng, mắt đền mắt

title: eye for an eye


text:
striped

Adjective

 * 1) Having stripes, decorated or marked with bands differing in color.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُخَطَّط
 * Hijazi Arabic: مُخَطَّط, مُقَلَّم
 * Bulgarian: раиран, ивичест
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 有條紋
 * Czech: proužkovaný,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: alistado,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Indonesian: berloreng, berbelang
 * Irish: riabhach
 * Italian:, a righe
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian: svītrains, strīpains
 * Malay: berbelang
 * Maori: tāwakawaka, tāekaeka
 * Northern Mansi:
 * Ottoman Turkish: آلا
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: stiallach
 * Shor: торлақ
 * Slovene: črtast
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: смуга́стий

title: striped


text:
estória

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) history

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) history
 * 2) story, anecdote

Etymology
with influence of 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) ; story an account of real or fictional events

Usage notes
The archaic form was proposed in 1919 by the Brazilian journalist  to avoid the confusion of the senses  (fictional account) and  in ; its use is sometimes discouraged.

title: estória


text: τό

title: τό


text:
rudeness

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The property of being rude.
 * 2) A rude remark or behaviour.
 * 1) A rude remark or behaviour.
 * 1) A rude remark or behaviour.

Translations

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: malĝentilo
 * Faroese: óflýggjaskapur
 * Finnish:, , karkeakäytöksisyys
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Irish: boirbe, drochmhúineadh
 * Japanese: ,
 * Maori: āhuaatua
 * Marathi: उद्धटपणा, उर्मटपणा
 * Plautdietsch: Groffheit
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: mì-mhodh
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: гру́бість, невві́чливість, нече́мність, неви́хованість

 * Faroese: ófólkaligur atburður
 * German: grobe Bemerkung, grobes Benehmen, unhöfliches Benehmen
 * Ukrainian: гру́бість

title: rudeness


text:
slanted

Adjective

 * 1) Placed at an angle, on a slant.
 * 2) Biased.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: šikmý
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: hiwis, nakahiwis
 * Ukrainian: косий, скісний, похилий

title: slanted


text:
steering

Noun

 * 1) Equipment used to control direction; something used to steer.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, рулиране
 * Czech:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Japanese: ステアリング
 * Macedonian: управување
 * Malay: stereng, kemudi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: styring
 * Nynorsk: styring
 * Occitan:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: upravljanje, kormilarenje
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: pagsaping

title: steering


text:
lynx-eyed

Adjective

 * 1) Possessing particularly good vision.

title: lynx-eyed


text:
luridness

Noun

 * 1) The property of being lurid.
 * The luridness of the author's descriptions turned off the critics.

title: luridness


text:
lushly

Adverb

 * 1) In a lush way.
 * The lushly verdant jungle harbored many plants unknown to outsiders.

title: lushly


text:
lysogeny

Noun

 * 1) The incorporation of the nucleic acid of a bacteriophage into that of a host bacterium; sometimes transmitted to daughter cells following lysis

Translations

 * Italian: lisogenia

title: lysogeny


text:
lysogenic

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or causing lysis.
 * Of, or relating to lysogeny.

title: lysogenic


text:
Category talk:Portmanteaus

Shouldn't this category be named "Portmanteaux"? bd2412 T 15:42, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah well, this is Wiktionary. Talk pages tend to go unnoticed. But to the point: I think both are acceptable (see portmanteau). — Vildricianus 11:03, 21 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Reasonable, I suppose, since this is en.wiktionary. bd2412 T 13:38, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia template
The template says that Wikipedia has a Portmanteaus category, but the link in the template leads to a nonexistent page. Was the page deleted? Should the template be removed from this article? B7T 16:02, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Apparently the Wikipedia category was deleted, so I deleted the template on this page. B7T 16:10, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Incorrect usage of Portmanteau words
Many of these words listed are compounds or blends. Portmanteau require there to be a large percentage of letters to overlap. Most of these words lack that requirement 75.105.13.17 03:12, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Deletion debate
is an etymology-section template: displays as:

and categorizes in category:Portmanteaus. The explanation for this discrepancy in terminology is explained at template talk:blend as follows:

 * "Blend" is the correct linguistic term for a word made by merging two words. The word "portmanteau" refers to a blend in which the meanings of the words are merged as as well as the words themselves, and so is more restrictive than "blend".

 * This template is used for all blends, so it should not be renamed "Template:Portmanteau".

 * The category is "Category:Portmanteaus" because this was in use before this template was created.

Be that as it may, the discrepancy is a problem: if the template is to be used for all blends — as its name and documentation both indicate — then it shouldn't categorize into Portmanteaus. That's true especially if — as is claimed — a portmanteau is a type of blend, but even if a portmanteau is a blend: we still shouldn't use two terms.

Another issue: Since the category is for a type of word, like category:English nouns and English back-formations, I it should have a name starting with English.

So I suggest as follows:
 * 1) Recategorize entries calling template:blend by editing the template. The new category will be category:English blends; for foreign words, French blends or whatever.
 * 2) Any extant words in cat:Portmanteaus will then be examined to see whether they are in fact portmanteaus, blending semantics in addition to morphology. Those that are not will be moved to cat:English blends (and forced to use the template, if possible).
 * Cat:Portmanteaus — now containing only "real" portmanteaus — will then be examined for size. If it's useless, it will be deleted, with entries moved into cat:English blends. If it's useful, it will be made a subcat of Blends (with the language structure mirroring that of category:Back-formations, say), and, if possible, template:blend will be modified to allow a Boolean portmanteau parameter for use on portmanteaus, which categorizes correctly.

Thoughts?—msh210 ℠  23:21, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Sounds sensible – may be useful to have some idea of the size of the categories.
 * lists a number of English portmanteaus (blending meaning), so it seems a legit category, and note that there are a massive number of portmanteaus in languages such as Japanese. (See .)
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 00:51, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

'''Moved from WT:BP. Please continue discussion here, where I suppose it belongs.'''—msh210 ℠  04:52, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Seeing no objection on BP or here, I've modified template:blend and created category:Blends and some of the language categories. I'll wait for the queue to catch up and see what's left in category:Portmanteaus.   —msh210  ℠  16:35, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I worry, though, that some foreign words use without specifying a language, so that they will now be categorized as English blends. To allay that concern, I have manually looked through the list of template:blend's whatlinkshere and edited any words that looked not to be English. If anyone has any other suggestions on how to deal with this problem (e.g., analyze the database for uses of  in FL sections, which I, for one, don't know how to do), please voice them! (Using CatScan for this isn't working. It didn't find [[תשחץ]] as within depth three of category:Hebrew language using  even though it is and does. Merlissimo said this is because the entries haven't been "touched" since, well, whenever, and is fixing this.)    —msh210  ℠  17:52, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * What exactly are we nominating for deletion here? Mglovesfun (talk) 17:32, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete, bad title as well as these are all English. How about using ? Mglovesfun (talk) 18:12, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

Fails RFDO. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:54, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Portmanteaus


text:
lysosome

Noun

 * 1)  An organelle found in all types of animal cells which contains a large range of digestive enzymes capable of splitting most biological macromolecules.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: lysosom
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: lizosomo
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hindi: लयनकाय
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: leysibóla, leysikorn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 水解小体
 * Kazakh: лизосома
 * Malay: lisosom
 * Polish: lizosom
 * Portuguese: lisossoma, lisossomo
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: biluslawas
 * Tamil: முறிமெய்யம்
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: tiêu thể

title: lysosome


text:
lysozyme

Noun

 * 1)  A bacteriolytic (or antibiotic) enzyme found in many animal secretions, and in egg white.

Synonyms

 * when used as a preservative

Derived terms

 * lysozymal

Translations

 * Catalan: lisozim
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: lizozim
 * Spanish: lisozima

title: lysozyme


text:
bacteriolytic

Adjective

 * of, relating to, or causing bacteriolysis
 * 1) antibiotic

Translations

 * Polish:

title: bacteriolytic


text:
bacteriolysis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The destruction of bacteria by lysis

Translations

 * French:
 * Polish: bakterioliza

title: bacteriolysis


text:
lytic

Adjective

 * of, relating to, or causing lysis
 * 1) of or relating to lysin

title: lytic


text:
lytic infection

Noun

 * 1) The infection of a bacterium by a bacteriophage with subsequent production of more phage particles, and lysis of the cell.

title: lytic infection


text:
macrocyclic compound

Noun

 * 1)  a macrocycle

title: macrocyclic compound


text:
macrocyclic

Etymology
From en.

Adjective

 * 1)  Of an organic compound: having a closed ring of more than about twelve atoms.
 * 2)  Of or relating to a macrocycle.
 * 3)  Pertaining to a rust fungus whose life cycle includes all five spore stages: pycniospore (spermatium), aeciospore, urediniospore, teliospore, and basidiospore.

title: macrocyclic


text:
Carly

Etymology
A feminine form of, taken to use in the latter half of the 20th century; also a pet form of , and.

title: Carly


text:
crown ether

Etymology
So called because its structure is shaped like a crown (the royal headgear).

Noun

 * 1)  any of a class of macrocyclic compounds containing repeat units of -CH$2$CH$2$O-
 * 2)  any similar compound containing atoms of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon instead of, or as well as, oxygen

title: crown ether


text:
repeat unit

Noun

 * 1) (chemistry) A specific arrangement of atoms that repeats within a macromolecule
 * 2)  A specific sequence of bases that repeats within a nucleic acid (or of amino acids within a protein)

title: repeat unit


text:
User talk:EnglishMick~enwiktionary

Hi there. I have moved carly to Carly (as it is a proper noun), and I have expanded it a little. Here is our standard welcome. SemperBlotto 16:17, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:44, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:04, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:EnglishMick~enwiktionary


text:
zebra finch

Noun

 * 1) A small Australasian weaverbird  that has markings similar to a zebra.

Translations

 * Asturian: diamante mandarín
 * Bulgarian: зеброва амадина
 * Catalan: diamant clapat, diamant zebrat
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 斑胸草雀
 * Czech: zebřička
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kastanoto
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: diamante mandarín
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: sebrafinka
 * Irish: glasán séabrach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: キンカチョウ
 * Malay: burung ciak kuda belang
 * Norwegian: sebrafink
 * Pitjantjatjara: nyii-nyii
 * Polish: zeberka timorska,, amadyna zebrowata
 * Portuguese:, diamante-mandarim
 * Russian: зе́бровая амади́на
 * Scottish Gaelic: glaisean-stiallach
 * Slovak: zebrička austrálska
 * Spanish: diamante mandarín, pinzón cebra
 * Swedish: zebrafink
 * Turkish: zebra ispinozu
 * Ukrainian: зяблик-зебра, зеброва амадина
 * Vietnamese: chim di vằn
 * Welsh: pila gwellt rhesog

title: zebra finch


text:
cryptand

Etymology
?

Noun

 * 1)  any of a class of polycyclic compounds related to the crown ethers, having three chains attached at two nitrogen atoms

title: cryptand


text:
abstention doctrine

Noun

 * 1)  A rule under which a federal court in the United States will decline to exercise jurisdiction over a lawsuit because the suit could or should instead be heard by a state court.

title: abstention doctrine


text:
acyclic

Adjective

 * 1)   Not cyclic; having an open chain structure.
 * 2)   Containing no cycles.
 * 3)  Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the receptacle.
 * 1)  Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the receptacle.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: asiklies
 * Bulgarian: нецикличен
 * Catalan: acíclic
 * Czech: acyklický
 * Dutch: acyclisch
 * Finnish: ei-syklinen,
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:, niecykliczny
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ацѝкличкӣ
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: awansalkupin

title: acyclic


text:
weaverbird

Noun

 * 1) Any of various Old World passerine birds in either of two families known for building nests of intricately woven vegetation.
 * , the family most commonly known by this name
 * 1) The family, better known as estrildid finches or

title: weaverbird


text:
zebrafinke

Noun

 * 1) zebra finch

title: zebrafinke


text:
User talk:FrankSundgaard

Hi there. Foreign words get translations, not definitions. Here is our standard welcome. SemperBlotto 16:36, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

Zebrafinke
Thanks for the welcome. I was actually trying to add it to the Danish wiktionary, but obviously that is not the way. I found it just after. Should/could we delete my mistake? --FrankSundgaard 16:48, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Well, I shall delete Zebrafinke if you think it is wrong. The two questions that I have are 1) should it be capitalized or not 2) does the word have a gender? Could you also check the capitalizations of the other translations please? SemperBlotto 18:50, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:FrankSundgaard


text:
lariat ether

Noun

 * 1)  A crown ether having a side chain of similar structure.

title: lariat ether


text:
no man's land

Etymology
Originally from, which first appears c. 1350. Revived with new senses in a dispatch printed in the Times newspaper by Colonel writing as "Eyewitness".

Noun

 * 1)  The ground between trenches where a soldier from either side would be easily targeted.
 * 2)  A space amidships used to keep blocks, ropes, etc.; a space on a ship belonging to no one in particular for which to care.
 * 3) The part of a prison, hospital complex, etc. where individuals are not normally allowed to enter.
 * 4)  A place where no one can or should be present.
 * 5)  The area between the backcourt and the space close to the net, from which it is difficult to return the ball.
 * 6)  Territory that is often disputed, and that cannot be inhabited because of fear of conflict, especially:
 * 7)  Tracts of uninhabited territory close to the Iron Curtain.
 * 8) The stretch of land between the border posts of two contiguous sovereign states, sometimes separated by great distance.
 * 9) Land that is not claimed by any recognized sovereign state; a terra nullius.
 * 10)  The fibrous sheath of the flexor tendons of the hand, specifically in the zone from the distal palmar crease to the proximal interphalangeal joint.
 * 1) Land that is not claimed by any recognized sovereign state; a terra nullius.
 * 2)  The fibrous sheath of the flexor tendons of the hand, specifically in the zone from the distal palmar crease to the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Translations

 * Czech: země nikoho
 * Danish:
 * Estonian: eikellegimaa
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: senkiföldje
 * Italian: terra di nessuno
 * Latin: terra nullius
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ingenmannsland
 * Nynorsk: ingenmannsland
 * Swedish:

 * Czech: země nikoho
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: eikellegimaa
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: senkiföldje
 * Icelandic: einskismannsland
 * Italian: terra di nessuno
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ingenmannsland
 * Nynorsk: ingenmannsland
 * Polish:
 * Swedish:

title: no man's land