text:
Appendix talk:Japanese Swadesh list (extended)

Native Japanese only?
I've noticed words with Chinese-derived pronunciations in the list. As an example: 'shinrin' = forest. I think somebody needs to check over this list to make sure these words are accurate and actually native Japanese words. 24.13.38.60 20:41, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Re: This list is not accurate. Some words are not in common use, and some are completely wrong: koshi with the kanji shown means lower back, not hair for instance. I'm going to make a few edits that I'm confident about. --210.227.89.70 06:25, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * You're very right to remove the Sinic-derived terms. Thank you for that.
 * About common use, though, I'm not sure how much weight to give. For instance, watashi for “I” is certainly *common*, but it's also completely irrelevant to translingual glottochronological analyses of pronouns, since it's such a relatively modern invention in the language.  For illustrating potentially meaningful connections to other languages, you'd really have to dig back to the earliest attested terms for each Swadesh-list concept.  So for “I”, you'd probably want to use  instead, a much older word that appears in the Kojiki, for instance.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 07:12, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * There are a couple still in here- specifically "fruit" (native word being くだもの/果物) and "meat" (native word being しし). Although the latter is pretty much never used - the Chinese loanword is ubiquitous. 216.206.87.228 10:00, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

 * This list is not accurate. Addition of any less frequent or even rare or old words here is useful given the high diversity of the genetic origins of the Japanese. Although the language is now overweighted by words brought by some O2b settlers, there may be some traces of old languages such as the Jumon ones. Swadesh list is a scientific method and should always represent the most frequent words current used by its speakers. Less frequent words may be one time high rank Swadesh words, but they may also be loanwords, or a word which never used outside a small area, or even a small class or group of people.Effficientvegetarianpc16 (talk) 07:04, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * -- This list is woefully incorrect on many levels, and has been mostly ignored by the JA editing community here as largely irrelevant. If you're truly interested in looking into terms for relatedness to other languages, you need to find the oldest attestable, and oldest reconstructable, forms for a given concept.  Innovations that have occurred within Japanese are not relevant to comparisons with other languages -- unless you're attempting to derive general principles for word formation and lexical change, which is not what Swadesh lists were ever intended for (as far as my understanding goes).
 * Also note that borrowings from Chinese (i.e. and borrowings from other foreign languages  are also irrelevant for Swadesh comparison purposes, hence the note at the top of the page that "only  words were considered for this list."  See  for more on that.
 * If you are really interested in updating this list into something at least vaguely useful, let me know -- Japanese etymology is something of an interest for me. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 10:06, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * As we know it, an Asian American living in America is an American, regardless of their origin. I don't know much about Swadesh list, but given Eirikr 's contribution here and to the world I think his words are persuasive.Effficientvegetarianpc16 (talk) 14:53, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Editing tables
Egad this is tedious. Does anyone know of any easier way of working on datasets like this than directly with the source? I'm tempted to set this up in a spreadsheet, and then export to HTML and regex my way to wikitable goodness. Working directly with the table wikisource in this tiny edit box is making me crosseyed.

I'm using Firefox, for what that might be worth. :) Help, help!  Cheers, Eiríkr Útlendi | Tala við mig 21:19, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

IPA
Hi, guys, I know there are several Japanese dialects (even Japonic languages), but could someone please add the IPA transcription of at least one representative? Many thanks!--Petusek 20:55, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Yes, words from different Japonic languages should be represented here. I am putting them here for the readers. And the current romanized Japanese is not very accurate. For example, [r] is always sound like [l], [ta] in end of a word often sound like [da]. Putting Latin alphabets here would be more readable.Effficientvegetarianpc16 (talk) 03:06, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

I am working on old languages of O2b peoples and relationship between Japanese and Korean. Having come across non-English sources I don't know much, for example http://www.ninjal.ac.jp/publication/catalogue/laj_map and http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1869828 Anyone here knowing Japanese to help? It would benefit readers a lot Effficientvegetarianpc16 (talk) 03:06, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Dialects
I am on the road to adding Japanese and Korean dialect languages to the lists, in which some of them are facing extinction. The east-west difference of both languages are well known. Given Papua New Guinea, ancient America and Australia have so many different languages developed by a few settlers and high diversity of origins of Japanese and Korean people, those languages may have preserve old words and even substrate from extincted old languages. Those languages spoken in the south, like Jeju and Ryukyu islands, are so different from the standard ones than many Indo-European languages here. As discuss above, dialects have yet to be covered by the list. I would like to add more dialects and words to the list, the sources http://www.ninjal.ac.jp/publication/catalogue/laj_map and http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1869828 are very nice but I don't know much about Japanese. The map given words spoken in hundreds of place in Japan so I put them in 1 column instead of hundred columns. Anyone here knowing Japanese to help? It would benefit readers a lot Effficientvegetarianpc16 (talk) 04:59, 1 January 2018 (UTC)


text:
arsphenamine

Etymology
From +  +.

Noun

 * 1)  A phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis (under the trade name of Salvarsan).
 * 2) * 2001: The 606th compound was one that contained arsenic and was called arsphenamine. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 9)

Translations

 * Portuguese: arsfenamina

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: arsphenamine


text:
catecholamine

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

Hyponyms

See also Thesaurus:catecholamine

Derived terms

 * catecholaminic
 * catecholaminic

Translations

 * Bashkir: катехоламин
 * Basque: katekolamina
 * Catalan:
 * Esperanto: katekolamino
 * Finnish: katekoliamiini
 * French:
 * Galician: catecolamina
 * German: Katecholamine, Catecholamine
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: катехоламин
 * Kyrgyz: катехоламин
 * Polish: katecholamina
 * Portuguese: catecolamina
 * Spanish: catecolamina
 * Swedish:

title: catecholamine


text:
pyrocatechol

Noun

 * 1)  A dihydric phenol, benzene-1,2-diol, present in some tars.

title: pyrocatechol


text:
dihydric

Adjective

 * 1)  Containing two hydroxyl functional groups.

Translations

 * Hungarian:

title: dihydric


text:
चोद

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  fuck, fucker objectionable person

title: चोद


text:
chloramine

Noun

 * 1)  any of a class of unstable compounds of nitrogen and chlorine R1R2NCl; also the parent compound NH$2$Cl (monochloramine), used to manufacture hydrazine, and as the antiseptic chloramine-T

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Italian: clorammina

title: chloramine


text:
chloramine-T

Noun

 * 1) chloramine when used as an antiseptic

title: chloramine-T


text:
hydrazine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A corrosive, fuming liquid, NH2-NH2, used as a rocket fuel.
 * 2)  Any member of the class of organic compounds formally derived from NH2-NH2.

Synonyms

 * diamidogen

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 聯氨
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: hydrazin
 * Finnish: hydratsiini
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: ヒドラジン
 * Korean: 하이드라진
 * Maori: haitarahini
 * Portuguese: hidrazina
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: hidracina

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 肼
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: hydratsiini
 * Irish: hiodraisín
 * Japanese: ヒドラジン
 * Korean: 하이드라진
 * Russian:

title: hydrazine


text:
high nelly

Noun

 * 1)  An old-fashioned utility bicycle, especially one with a step-through frame and high handlebars providing an erect riding posture
 * 2) * 1989 (Fall) Aidan Higgins. "Two from Ronda Gorge" in Four Quarters [issn 0015-9107] Vol.3 [2nd series] No.2 p.53:
 * Now Julia Mahon. with two buckets of pigswill slung over the handlebars of her High Nelly, is off again to talk to her mother in St Michael's cemetery.
 * Now Julia Mahon. with two buckets of pigswill slung over the handlebars of her High Nelly, is off again to talk to her mother in St Michael's cemetery.

Synonyms

 * roadster

Translations

 * Dutch:

title: high nelly


text: high nellie

title: high nellie


text:
fuming

Adjective

 * 1) That which fumes.
 * fuming nitric acid
 * 1) Very angry.
 * 1) Very angry.

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who fumes or shows suppressed anger.

title: fuming


text: fuming sulphuric acid

title: fuming sulphuric acid


text: sulphuric

title: sulphuric


text:
Talk:korosu

Criteria for inclusion
Perhaps there is a better search, but Google lists 279,000 hits for search: "korosu" -殺す -ころす. Rodasmith 21:57, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:korosu


text:
lamely

Adverb

 * 1) In the manner of one who is lame.
 * 2)  In a foolish or ineffective way.
 * He lamely tried to lie his way out of the situation, but he wasn't really trying and no-one believed him.

title: lamely


text:
sulfuric

Etymology
From. See.

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, or relating to sulfur, especially in its higher oxidation state

Translations

 * Bulgarian: серен
 * Catalan: sulfúric,
 * Finnish:
 * Friulian: sulforic
 * German: Schwefel-
 * Irish: ruibheach
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: сулфурен
 * Manx: sulfuragh
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: pronnasgach
 * Sicilian: surfùricu
 * Spanish: sulfúreo,
 * Swedish: sulfur-
 * Ukrainian: сірча́ний
 * Welsh: sylffwrig

Etymology
.

title: sulfuric


text:
Talk:keisatsukan

Criteria for inclusion
A movie and a video game were both titled "Keisatsukan". Does that qualify "Keisatsukan" for inclusion? Rodasmith 21:59, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:keisatsukan


text:
lamppost

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The pole that holds up a light so it can illuminate a wide area, such as holds up a streetlight.
 * 2)  A tall, thin person.
 * 1)  A tall, thin person.
 * 1)  A tall, thin person.

Translations

 * Arabic: عَمُود مِصْبَاح, عَمُود إِنَارَة
 * Moroccan Arabic: ركيزة
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: ліхта́рны слуп
 * Bulgarian: лампио́н
 * Catalan: farola
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 街燈柱
 * Czech:, sloup pouličního osvětlení
 * Danish: lygtepæl,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: stratlanterno
 * Estonian: tänavapost
 * Finnish: lyhtypylväs
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: საფანრე ბოძი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: cuaille lampa, cuaille solais
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: apgaismes stabs
 * Lithuanian: žibinto stulpas
 * Maori: pou rama
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: lyktestolpe
 * Polish: słup latarni
 * Portuguese: poste de luz, combustor
 * Romanian: stâlp de felinar
 * Russian:, фона́рный столб
 * Slovak: kandeláber, stĺp pouličného osvetlenia
 * Slovene: kandelaber
 * Spanish:, , poste de luz
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เสาโคม
 * Ukrainian: ліхта́р, ліхта́рний стовп
 * Vietnamese: cột đèn
 * Welsh: polyn lamp

title: lamppost


text:
landowning

Adjective

 * 1) In possession of real estate (i.e. land).
 * The landowning citizens of the county will object to the increased property tax, but those who rent won't care.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to the ownership of land.
 * landowning rights

Noun

 * 1) A portion of land belonging to a landowner; a smallholding.

title: landowning


text:
sulfurous

Alternative forms

 * (mainly UK)

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1)  Containing sulfur.
 * 2)  Of, or relating to sulfur, especially in its lower oxidation state.
 * 1)  Of, or relating to sulfur, especially in its lower oxidation state.

Synonyms

 * sulfureous

Translations

 * Catalan: sulfurós
 * Finnish: rikkipitoinen
 * French:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: sulfureus
 * Manx: sulfuragh
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: sulfuroso
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: pronnasgail
 * Spanish: sulfuroso
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian: сернист
 * Finnish: rikki-
 * Ido: sulfala
 * Italian:
 * Manx: sulfuragh
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: sulfuroso, sulfúreo,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: pronnasgach
 * Spanish: sulfuroso

title: sulfurous


text: sulphurous

title: sulphurous


text:
languidly

Adverb

 * 1) In a languid manner, without force or effort, in a manner requiring little energy or exertion.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: languidamente
 * Spanish: lánguidamente

title: languidly


text:
Talk:kuru

Criteria for inclusion
Perhaps there is a better search, but Google lists 8,130,000 hits for search: "kuru" -来る -繰る -くる. Rodasmith 22:05, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

RFV discussion
"A person online who is not actually there anymore." Like an IRC ghost? Never heard of it. Equinox ◑ 17:52, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Deleted. Equinox ◑ 01:37, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:kuru


text:
latecomer

Noun

 * 1) One who has arrived comparatively recently.
 * The old families in the neighborhood look down on him as a latecomer, his family only arrived in the 18th century, too nouveau for them.
 * 1) One who arrived late.
 * At the party the host made a point of greeting all the latecomers he missed in the first pass.

Translations

 * Catalan: tocatardà
 * Estonian: hilineja
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Irish: leastar
 * Italian:
 * Norman: r'tardataithe
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish: eftersläntrare, senkomling

title: latecomer


text:
lateness

Noun

 * 1) The state of being late.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:lateness

Derived terms

 * fashionable lateness

Translations

 * Bulgarian: закъснялост
 * Czech:, opoždění
 * German:
 * Icelandic: seinleiki
 * Irish: déanaí
 * Japanese:
 * Lithuanian: vėlavimas, vėlavimasis
 * Maori: tūreititanga
 * Old English: lætnes
 * Romanian: ,

title: lateness


text:
Talk:ni te

Criteria for inclusion
Perhaps there is a better search, but Google lists 1,610,000 hits for search: "ni te" -にて. Rodasmith 22:09, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:ni te


text:
latish

Adjective

 * 1)  Somewhat late

Adverb

 * 1)  Somewhat late
 * We'll be home latish, perhaps not until 10 p.m.

Translations

 * Greek:

Noun

 * 1) Latvian (person)

Adjective

 * 1) Latvian

title: latish


text:
lavishness

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The state or characteristic of being lavish.
 * No one could question the lavishness of his parties; good taste was a different matter.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:

title: lavishness


text:
Talk:nihongo

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 4,220,000 hits for search: "nihongo" -日本語 -にほんご. Rodasmith 22:13, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:nihongo


text:
laxness

Noun

 * 1) The property of being lax, lacking strictness.
 * There was a certain laxness in safety preparations that made the fire worse.

Translations

 * Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹
 * Ido:

title: laxness


text:
strictness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being strict.
 * 2)  The result or product of being strict.
 * 1)  The result or product of being strict.
 * 1)  The result or product of being strict.

title: strictness


text:
leanness

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The property of being lean, without excess or fat.

Antonyms

 * plumpness

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἰσχνότης
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: macritūdō

title: leanness


text:
leaver

Noun

 * 1) One who leaves.

Derived terms

 * bad leaver
 * school-leaver

title: leaver


text:
languidness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The property of being languid.

Translations

 * Portuguese: ,

title: languidness


text:
User:AKADriver~enwiktionary

Check out my Wikipedia User Page.

title: User:AKADriver~enwiktionary


text:
largehearted

Adjective

 * 1) Possessing the properties associated with the heart as the seat of love; compassionate, generous, benevolent, forgiving, etc.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * German: ,
 * Irish: mórchroíoch
 * Polish: ,

title: largehearted


text:
lasciviousness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The characteristic or state of being lascivious.

Translations

 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܚܘܛܐ, ܫܪܝܬܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ავხორცობა
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹
 * Greek: ,
 * Irish: anmhacnas, drúisiúlacht
 * Italian:, lascività, libidinosità
 * Japanese: ,
 * Maori: tūkari
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ра̏скала̄шно̄ст
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: kahitaran

title: lasciviousness


text:
versificator

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Someone who writes verse; a poet.

Noun

 * 1) a versifier
 * 2)  a poet

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) versifier

title: versificator


text:
legibly

Adverb

 * 1) In a manner that is legible, in a manner that is readable, readably.

Translations

 * Esperanto: legeble
 * French:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: legivelmente

title: legibly


text:
readably

Adverb

 * 1) So as to be readable; legibly.

Usage notes
The term readable may apply to the style of grammar and spelling as well as the print or handwriting of a text, whereas the term legibly refers to the print, script, or handwriting of a text only.

title: readably


text:
licitly

Adverb

 * 1) In a licit manner, legally, in a manner compatible with law.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Spanish: lícitamente

title: licitly


text:
gargoylism

Noun

 * 1) the dysmorphic facial features found in Hurler's syndrome and Hunter syndrome, characterized by thickened gingiva (gums) and upturned nose

title: gargoylism


text:
Talk:niku

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 1,580,000 hits for search: "niku" -肉 -にく. Rodasmith 22:57, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:niku


text:
Talk:omou

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 197,000 hits for search: "omou" -思う -想う -おもう. Rodasmith 22:58, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:omou


text:
Talk:owaru

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 58,800 hits for search: "owaru" -終る -おわる. Rodasmith 23:00, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:owaru


text:
Talk:seki

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 4,470,000 hits for search: "seki" -せき -堰 -咳 -関 -席. Rodasmith 23:02, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:seki


text:
motion capture

Noun

 * 1) The use of sensors to track and record the position, velocity, acceleration and impulse of a movement.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: liikkeenkaappaus
 * French:
 * Japanese: モーションキャプチャ

Verb

 * 1) to motion-capture

title: motion capture


text:
User talk:Rainfell

If you don't mind me asking, what are you doing, I'm seeing a lot of page moves etc -- Tawker 23:26, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Dvortygirl 04:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rainfell


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)d

Pronunciation
,

One syllable

 * Baird
 * laird
 * laird
 * laird
 * laird

Two syllables

 * compared
 * prepared

title: Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)d


text:
lyrically

Adverb

 * 1) In a manner that is pleasing to hear, as singing or speaking; in a lyrical manner.
 * 2) In terms of the lyrics.
 * a lyrically unimaginative song
 * a lyrically unimaginative song

title: lyrically


text:
naming

Noun

 * 1) The process of giving names to things.
 * 2) A ritual or ceremony in which a person's name is given or announced.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:

 * Finnish: nimenanto
 * Hungarian:
 * Korean:
 * Russian:
 * Telugu:

Adjective

 * 1) Giving a name to a person or thing.

Translations

 * Galician:

title: naming


text:
lyncher

Noun

 * 1) One who lynches.

Translations

 * Russian:, линчева́тельница

Verb

 * 1) to lynch

title: lyncher


text:
fecal matter

Noun

 * 1) Feces.

Hypernyms

 * excrement

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ფეკალური მასა
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Norwegian: fekalia
 * Polish:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Spanish:, materia fecal

title: fecal matter


text:
lymphoid

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to, or found within the lymphatic system of the body

Derived terms

 * antilymphoid
 * lymphanoid
 * neolymphoid

Translations

 * Catalan: limfoide
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: linfoide
 * Spanish: linfoide

title: lymphoid


text:
luxuriate

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Verb

 * 1)  To enjoy luxury, to indulge.
 * 2)  To be luxuriant; to grow exuberantly.
 * 1)  To be luxuriant; to grow exuberantly.
 * 1)  To be luxuriant; to grow exuberantly.
 * 1)  To be luxuriant; to grow exuberantly.

title: luxuriate


text:
lutenist

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) One who plays the lute, a lutist.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: seinnteoir liúite, liúiteadóir
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: alaudista
 * Russian:, лютни́стка

title: lutenist


text:
lutist

Noun

 * 1) One who plays the lute.

Translations

 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: seinnteoir liúite
 * Italian:
 * Russian:, лютни́стка

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) lutenist

title: lutist


text: lutanist

title: lutanist


text:
Northern Sami

Proper noun

 * 1) The most widely spoken Sami language; it is spoken in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It includes three dialects: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami.

Translations

 * Dutch: Noord-Samisch
 * Esperanto: nord-samea
 * Estonian: põhjasaami
 * Faroese: norðursámiskt
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Northern Sami: davvisámegiella, sámegiella
 * Russian:
 * Scots: Northren Sami
 * Swedish:
 * Volapük: Nolüda-Samiyänapük
 * West Frisian: Noard-Samysk

title: Northern Sami


text:
lusty

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Exhibiting lust (in the obsolete sense meaning "vigor"); strong, healthy, robust; vigorous; full of sap or vitality.
 * 2) Hearty, merry, gleesome, enthusiastic, lively, stirring.
 * 3)  Given to experiencing lust; enjoying physical sensations; lustful.
 * 4)  Beautiful; handsome; pleasant.
 * 5)  Of large size; big.
 * 6)  With child.
 * 1)  Beautiful; handsome; pleasant.
 * 2)  Of large size; big.
 * 3)  With child.
 * 1)  Of large size; big.
 * 2)  With child.
 * 1)  With child.

Etymology
From, though note 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) pleasant, delightful
 * 2) eager, happy
 * 3) fine, good
 * 4) good-quality, useful
 * 5) life-giving
 * 6) lustful

title: lusty


text:
lustily

Adverb

 * 1) In a lusty manner: vigorously, loudly, enthusiastically.

title: lustily


text:
lukewarmness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The property of being lukewarm; ambivalence, weakness.
 * 2) * 1665,, New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold, Discourse II, in The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, London: A. Millar, 1744, Volume II, p. 246,
 * And indeed, there is scarce any quality, for whose differences we have fewer distinct names, having scarce any for the many degrees of coldness, that may be conceived to be intermediate, betwixt lukewarmness and the freezing degree of cold

title: lukewarmness


text:
unprovoked

Adjective

 * 1) Happening without provocation or motivation.
 * An unprovoked attack.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: несправакаваны
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German: unprovoziert
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Latin: illacessītus
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Polish:
 * Romanian: neprovocat
 * Russian:
 * Slovak:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: неспровоко́ваний

Adverb

 * 1) Without provocation or motivation.
 * He attacked me, suddenly, unprovoked.
 * He attacked me, suddenly, unprovoked.
 * He attacked me, suddenly, unprovoked.
 * He attacked me, suddenly, unprovoked.

title: unprovoked


text:
lunkhead

Etymology
Probably from (perhaps an alteration of ; compare  & ), a diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1)  A fool or idiot.

title: lunkhead


text:
luncheonette

Noun

 * 1) A small diner or restaurant that serves lunch.

title: luncheonette


text:
lumpy

Adjective

 * 1) Full of lumps, not smooth, uneven.
 * 2) Of a water surface: covered in many small waves as a result of wind; choppy.
 * 1) Of a water surface: covered in many small waves as a result of wind; choppy.
 * 1) Of a water surface: covered in many small waves as a result of wind; choppy.
 * 1) Of a water surface: covered in many small waves as a result of wind; choppy.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُتَكَتِّل
 * Bulgarian: на буци
 * Czech: hrudkovitý, žmolkovitý, chuchvalcovitý
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Ingrian: känkykäs
 * Irish: fadharcánach, cnapánach
 * Old Irish: cnoccach
 * Latin: tūberōsus
 * Maori: hōpūpū, huahua, pōkurukuru, pukupuku
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: klumpete
 * Nynorsk: klumpete
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: грудвичаст
 * Roman: grudvičast
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: klimpig

 * Bulgarian:
 * Maori: hīngarungaru, hīnarunaru

title: lumpy


text:
attested

Adjective

 * 1) Proven; shown to be true with evidence.
 * 2) Supported with testimony.
 * 3) Certified as good, correct, or pure.
 * 4)  Of words or languages, proven to have existed by records.
 * The word "slæpwerig" (sleep-weary) is attested in the Exeter Book in the form "slæpwerigne".
 * The word "slæpwerig" (sleep-weary) is attested in the Exeter Book in the form "slæpwerigne".
 * The word "slæpwerig" (sleep-weary) is attested in the Exeter Book in the form "slæpwerigne".

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto: atesta, atestata
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: dearfa
 * Polish: poświadczony, zaświadczony
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto: atesta, atestata

 * Esperanto: atesta, atestata
 * Hungarian:, ,

 * Armenian: վկայված
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: atesta, atestata
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:, adatolt
 * Italian:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

title: attested


text:
lucidly

Adverb

 * 1) In a clear and easily understood way, in a lucid manner.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Galician: lucidamente
 * Italian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: луцидно
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: lúcidamente

title: lucidly


text:
laminated

Adjective

 * 1) Made by lamination.
 * 2) Consisting of many thin layers.
 * 3)  Splitting into thin layers parallel to bedding.
 * Shale is laminated.
 * 1)  Splitting into thin layers parallel to bedding.
 * Shale is laminated.
 * 1)  Splitting into thin layers parallel to bedding.
 * Shale is laminated.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: laminoitu, kerrostettu
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: lannach, lannaithe,
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: ламіно́ваний

 * Catalan: laminós
 * Finnish: kerroksittainen, kerrosrakenteinen
 * French:
 * Irish:
 * Spanish: contrachapado

title: laminated


text:
psionic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to psionics.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 靈能的, 幽能的
 * French:
 * German: psionisch
 * Hungarian: pszionikus
 * Spanish: psiónico

title: psionic


text:
leafless

Etymology
From earlier, from , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Of plants or trees, without leaves.

Translations

 * Danish: bladløs
 * Dutch:, bladloos
 * Esperanto: senfolia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἄφυλλος
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: lehetöin, paljas
 * Italian: afillo
 * Latin: infrons
 * Polish:
 * Scottish Gaelic: gun duille, gun duilleag, lom
 * Swedish:

title: leafless


text:
lazily

Adverb

 * 1) In a lazy manner.
 * 2) In a slow manner.
 * 1) In a slow manner.

Translations

 * Catalan: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: preguizosamente
 * Georgian: ზარმაცად
 * Italian:, , , , ,
 * Latin: segniter
 * Latvian: slinki
 * Norman: ouaîsivement, pièrcheusement
 * Polish:, leniwo
 * Portuguese: preguiçosamente
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ле̑но, лије̑но
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish: perezosamente

title: lazily


text:
leaky

Etymology
Likely a normalisation of earlier, , , from , from , , from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Having leaks; not fully sealed.

Translations

 * Amharic:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: fūtilis
 * Macedonian:
 * Maori: turuturu, wairere
 * Plautdietsch: lakjsch
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: permeable
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese: rò rỉ, ,

title: leaky


text:
leakiness

Noun

 * 1) The property of being leaky.

title: leakiness


text:
leaper

Etymology
From, , from , equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) One who leaps.
 * 2) A kind of hooked instrument for untwisting old cordage.
 * 3)  A piece, like the knight, which moves a fixed distance, and ignores pieces in the way.
 * 4) A person whose birthday falls on 29 February, and thus only occurs in leap years.
 * 1)  A piece, like the knight, which moves a fixed distance, and ignores pieces in the way.
 * 2) A person whose birthday falls on 29 February, and thus only occurs in leap years.
 * 1) A person whose birthday falls on 29 February, and thus only occurs in leap years.

title: leaper


text:
laze

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1) To be lazy, waste time.
 * 2)  To pass time relaxing; to relax, lounge.
 * The cat spent the afternoon lazing in the sun.
 * 1)  To pass time relaxing; to relax, lounge.
 * The cat spent the afternoon lazing in the sun.
 * 1)  To pass time relaxing; to relax, lounge.
 * The cat spent the afternoon lazing in the sun.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: мързелувам,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:, möllötellä
 * German:
 * Hindi: मक्खियाँ मारना
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Maori: whakapateko, whakapahoho
 * Norwegian: late seg
 * Polish: gnuśnieć, zgnuśnieć,, spleśnieć
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, , estar a la bartola,
 * Swedish:

Noun

 * 1)  An instance of lazing.
 * I had a laze on the beach after lunch.
 * 1)  Laziness.
 * The laze is real.

Noun

 * 1)  Acidic steam created when super-hot lava contacts salt water.

Adjective

 * 1)  Laz

Noun

 * 1) Laz (the language of the Laz people)

Noun

 * 1) nit

title: laze


text:
laser beam

Noun

 * 1) The light emitted by a laser.
 * 2)  A low, hard-hit or -thrown ball.
 * 1)  A low, hard-hit or -thrown ball.
 * 1)  A low, hard-hit or -thrown ball.

Translations

 * Basque: laser izpi
 * Catalan: raig làser
 * Cebuano: laser
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 激光束
 * Danish: laserstråle, laserstråle
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: laser-radio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Latin: radius lūcis (literally: beam of light)
 * Japanese: レーザー光, レーザービーム
 * Korean: 레이저 빔
 * Maori: taiaho, hihi taiaho
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: laserstråle
 * Nynorsk: laserstråle
 * Portuguese: raio laser
 * Russian: ла́зерный луч
 * Spanish: rayo láser
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: tia la-de, tia kích quang

title: laser beam


text:
launcher

Noun

 * 1) One who or that which launches. A device that throws something or the person who initiates a launch.
 * 2)  An application that launches another or others, often holding icons or menus for frequently used programs.
 * 1)  An application that launches another or others, often holding icons or menus for frequently used programs.
 * 1)  An application that launches another or others, often holding icons or menus for frequently used programs.
 * 1)  An application that launches another or others, often holding icons or menus for frequently used programs.

Translations

 * Esperanto: ĵetilo
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: Abschussgerät
 * Greek: ,
 * Malay: pelancar
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: гранатоме́т

 * French:
 * Portuguese:, inicializador
 * Spanish:

title: launcher


text:
δεκατρείς

Numeral

 * 1)  thirteen.

title: δεκατρείς


text:
laurels

Noun

 * Two mountain laurels were in bloom.
 * Two mountain laurels were in bloom.

Noun

 * 1) Honors. From the Ancient Greek practice of crowning victors with a branch from the laurel bush, sacred to Apollo.

title: laurels


text:
mountain laurel

Noun

 * 1) A flowering evergreen shrub,, in the family , native to the eastern United States, all parts of which are toxic, the state tree of Connecticut and Pennsylvania.

Translations

 * Finnish: leveälehtikalmia
 * Russian: ка́льмия широколи́стная

title: mountain laurel


text:
law-abiding

Adjective

 * 1) Obeying the laws of society; not a lawbreaker; without a criminal record.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: respectueux de la loi
 * German:, das Gesetz beachtend
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: rispettoso della legge
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: cumpridor da lei, obediente à lei
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: obediente de la ley, respetuoso de la ley
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: законослухня́ний

title: law-abiding


text:
lavage

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A washing.
 * 2)  A washing of a hollow organ.

Verb

 * 1)  To wash a hollow organ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) washing (act of washing)

Noun

 * 1)  washing

title: lavage


text:
lawlessly

Adverb

 * 1) In a lawless manner.

title: lawlessly


text: laser beams

title: laser beams


text:
latency

Noun

 * 1) Concealment; the state of being latent; the state of being hidden.
 * 2) Dormancy; the state of being inactive.
 * 3)  A delay, an interval between the initiation of something and the occurrence.
 * 4)  The delay between a stimulus and the response it triggers in an organism.
 * 5) A stage in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the psychosexual development of children where children become asexual until their sexual desires come back at puberty.

Derived terms

 * intravaginal ejaculation latency time

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, латентное состояние, скрытая форма
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: latence,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, Latenzzeit, , ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Icelandic: biðtími
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, レイテンシ, レイテンシー, レーテンシー
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: latencia, oneskorenie
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:, , saklılık

 * German: Latenzmechanismus, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: yataklık süresi

title: latency


text:
Cthulhu

Etymology
Invented in 1926 by for his short story . Possibly based on.

Usage notes

 * Lovecraft used various approximations of what he imagined as a name not pronounceable by humans, none of which he described clearly.

Proper noun

 * 1) A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.

Translations

 * Chinese: 克蘇魯
 * Esperanto: Ĥtulho
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: Κθούλου
 * Hebrew: קת׳ולהו
 * Irish: Cuitiliú
 * Japanese: クトゥルフ
 * Korean: ^크툴후
 * Macedonian: Ктху́лху
 * Marathi: क्थूलू
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Cthulhu
 * Russian:
 * Thai: คธูลู

title: Cthulhu


text: latencies

title: latencies


text:
lawbreaking

Adjective

 * 1) unlawful; illegal.
 * We have a place for lawbreaking citizens like you.

Noun

 * 1) The commission of a criminal act, the violation or breaking of a law.
 * His lawbreaking ended only when he was hanged for it.

title: lawbreaking


text:
laxly

Adverb

 * 1) In a lax manner; without rigor or strictness.
 * 2) * c. 1913, Walter Ripman, The Sounds of Spoken English: A Manual of Ear Training for English Students, New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., p. 56,
 * The letters e, i, and y in unstressed syllables represent a very laxly articulated sound, for which the sign [i] is used in this book.

title: laxly


text:
layaway

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A pit in which hides are stored.
 * 2)  The system of accepting a deposit and holding for a customer to complete purchase.
 * 3)  An item which has been held in this way.
 * 1)  An item which has been held in this way.

Derived terms

 * Firestone layaway

Translations

 * Bulgarian: капарирана стока

Verb

 * 1) To place items on hold with a deposit at a merchant's.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:

title: layaway


text: Category:Catalan nouns

title: Category:Catalan nouns


text:
rei

Etymology
Incorrect back-formation of plural. The correct singular is.

Noun

 * 1)  A

Related terms

 * real

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬, from.

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology
,, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) king
 * 2)  king
 * 3)  darling, sport

Preposition

 * 1) with me

Etymology
From, from , from ,. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * , dance in which the participants form a circle, walk or dance rhythmically and sing or chant

Etymology
, from, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) king
 * 2)  king

Usage notes
In archaic or very formal usage, the definite form (“the King”) may be expressed as instead of.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) net
 * 2) network

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology 1
From,. .

Noun

 * 1)  ride, riding
 * 2)  a flock of wights

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) king

Dialectal variants

 * (Provençal)

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) king male ruler of a kingdom

Usage notes
This word was usually preceded by the definite article, instead of , when in reference to the respective ruling kings in both Galicia and Portugal.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king male monarch

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king

Etymology
, from, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) king
 * 2)  king

Usage notes
In archaic usage, the definite form (“the king”) may be expressed as instead of.

Noun

 * 1) end of a boat (stern or prow)

Verb

 * 1)  to be lined up

title: rei


text:
lawgiver

Etymology
From, , ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) One who provides laws to a society.
 * 2) Any lawmaker.
 * 1) Any lawmaker.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 立法者
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:, lainantaja
 * German:, Gesetzgeberin
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: νομοθέτης
 * Old English: ǣlǣdend, ǣsellend
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:

title: lawgiver


text:
βασιλιάς

Etymology
< with  [ʎa] to avoid hiatus. From, from ; the word, attested in some form since Mycenaean times, is of uncertain ultimate etymology; possibly of Anatolian origin. Also see.

Noun

 * 1) king
 * 2)  king
 * 3)  tycoon (king of) + type of business
 * 1)  tycoon (king of) + type of business

title: βασιλιάς


text:
Talk:lawgiver

Can this be a specific reference to Moses who brought the law to the Israelites at Mount Sinai? JillianE 01:48, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * [Cf. Icelandic lög-gjafari, Da. lovgiver.] Backinstadiums (talk) 08:45, 15 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:lawgiver


text:
leafstalk

Noun

 * 1) The stalk that supports a leaf and connects it to the plant.

title: leafstalk


text:
learnedly

Adverb

 * 1) In an educated and knowledgeable manner.
 * The professor spoke learnedly for an hour about his abstruse scholarship; but he couldn't string two words together to speak to the pretty woman.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * German:

title: learnedly


text:
leaseback

Noun

 * 1)  A property transaction where a party sells something, then leases it from the purchaser. The seller is released from tax, depreciation, and maintenance costs, and the buyer is guaranteed an income from the property.

title: leaseback


text:
ἔκλειψις

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) disappearance, abandonment
 * 2) especially disappearance of a celestial body: eclipse

title: ἔκλειψις


text:
έκλειψη

Etymology
From. See.

Noun

 * 1) eclipse

title: έκλειψη


text:
nicotina

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  nicotine addictive alkaloid derived from tobacco

Noun

 * 1)  nicotine addictive alkaloid derived from tobacco

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  nicotine addictive alkaloid derived from tobacco

Etymology
, named after the French diplomat Jean Nicot.

Noun

 * 1)  nicotine addictive alkaloid derived from tobacco

title: nicotina


text:
Allie

Etymology
Diminutives.

title: Allie


text:
Lexi

Proper noun

 * , a diminutive of the female given names Alexa Alexandra, Alexia, and Alexis.

title: Lexi


text:
biochimie

Noun

 * 1) biochemistry

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) biochemistry

title: biochimie


text:
Ellie

Etymology
Diminutives: Clippings.

title: Ellie


text:
βιοχημεία

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  biochemistry (biological chemistry)

title: βιοχημεία


text: Thesaurus:cornucopia

title: Thesaurus:cornucopia


text:
secateurs

Etymology
, plural of, from.

Noun

 * 1)  Small, handheld pruning shears.

title: secateurs


text:
Talk:die

Other senses
In Elizabethan English, "to die" meant to have an orgasm. If you want, put it in here. Bibliomaniac15 04:14, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you have any evidence or quotations? --Dvortygirl 04:52, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it was that way in French, too "a little death" Rklawton 02:43, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

died also means a sound that fades away:
 * 1) *1883: Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island – At last the tapping recommenced, and, to our indescribable joy and gratitude, died slowly away again until it ceased to be heard. Rklawton 02:43, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Dutch usage note
The Dutch usage note is correct, but I think the example sentence could be chosen better. Anyone? henne 09:15, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thought up a better one, but it can still be optimised. henne 14:38, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

"die for lack of"
We have this quotation:
 * Less than three days later, Johnson lapsed into a coma in his jail cell and died for lack of insulin.

as an example of "die" followed by "for", but I think it's a misleading example. Technically, yes, the word "die" is followed by the word "for", but I think the choice of "for" is conditioned here by the use of "lack", rather than the use of "die". I think "for" here simply means "because of" or "due to"; that's not a common use of it any more, but you still see "for lack of", "for want of", and so on. Am I right? —Ruakh TALK 20:10, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Absolutely; it has nothing to do with the verb per se. – Krun 20:54, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Deletion debate
"To cause the death of a player character while controlling it." The usex is "I can't go to level four because I always die against the boss of level three." "Die" is clearly not the remarkable part of that sentence; it's "I" which is being used to mean "the thing I am controlling, my character, my avatar", but I'm not sure if even that merits a sense at [[I]]. - -sche (discuss) 19:06, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't feel that this is a separate sense either, but the way I read that sentence, the "I" who can't go to level four is the player, while the "I" who dies is the in-game character. The in-game character would not know about game levels. Equinox ◑ 21:04, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete this. Also if we were to add such a sense to I, we'd need to add it to you, we, they (etc.) same would apply to French je, tu (etc.) unless I'm badly wrong. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:10, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Also, compare utterances of (say) a player of Tomb Raider, like "I just fell off a cliff" (new sense at fall off:?); "I just picked up some ammo" (new sense at pick up:?). die is not unique. Delete. Equinox ◑ 22:13, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I think this is also related to an airplane pilot saying "I keep getting hit by birds." even though it is the airplane that is getting hit by birds. The only difference in the video game sense is that the player is not physically located inside the game character. It's just a more figurative use of pronouns (doesn't have to be "I"). --WikiTiki89 (talk) 06:21, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete. Aside from the other problems, there's confusion about the difference between semantics and syntax: "die" is an intransitive verb, and thus can't have a transitive verb like "cause" substitute for it. Although "dying" has the result of the player character dying because of the actions of the player, grammatically there's no object involved. Chuck Entz (talk) 06:54, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I disagree with that analysis. An intransitive verb can certainly be swapped with a verb phrase headed by a transitive verb; for example, "to converse" means "to make conversation", even though "converse" is intransitive and "make" is transitive. For that matter, "to kill" can be used intransitively to mean "to kill someone", even though the latter phrase uses it transitively. —Ruakh TALK 20:22, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

 * True. The definition is still wrong, though, in that when "I die" in a video, it's usually not because I "caused" my character to die (except in a blame-the-victim-for-the-rape interpretation of causality), it's usually because some baddie killed me against my will. - -sche (discuss) 23:20, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

 * You still caused it by sucking at playing the game :) Equinox ◑ 23:23, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * @-sche Thank you for rescuing my point from my attempt to explain it... Chuck Entz (talk) 01:04, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There is no more causation here than there is in real life. "The soldier died in the war." Does that mean he caused himself to die because by sucking at fighting in a war? --WikiTiki89 (talk) 08:58, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Deleted in this edit. - -sche (discuss) 09:13, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Ive just restored something similar to what was deleted in 2012. I think it was deleted because it wasn't a different definition of "die". I agree that it isnt; saying "I died" instead of "My player died" is just an example of metonymy and not a separate definition. However I believe what Im talking about still merits inclusion because it's a different usage of the verb even if the syntactical meaning is the same as definition #1.

In normal conversation, one would not normally say "he died to a knife" or even "he died to a knife wound" but in video game commentary from what Ive seen this is a common usage. At least among the games where a player might "die" hundreds or thousands of times in a single playthrough and then go on to win the game. More to the point, it's a transitive usage of a normally intransitive verb. Lollipop (talk) 22:57, 2 June 2017 (UTC)
 * To be clear, he died to a knife isn't transitive in the sense of having a direct object; knife isn't the direct object of die, but the object of the preposition to. It is transitive in the sense of having an obligatory argument, though, and it is true that die doesn't usually have an obligatory argument. I think this sense should perhaps be moved to . — Eru·tuon 23:04, 2 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Hmm, but "to" can be replaced with other words, like "died from the boss / turret", "died by the boss / turret". (All these phrases are rare, but all are found online. "Died to" even seems to get just enough Usenet hits to meet the attestation part of CFI.) So maybe "die" is the best place to handle this.
 * However, when one uses those other prepositions, it seems more apparent that the sense is indistinct from the non-video-game-related sense/use of "die". For example, the two hits I see for "died due to the turret" are a video game forum and a US government paper on a real-world incident. That makes me wonder if this is best handled as a distinct sense of "die", or as the usual sense of "die" with usage-note-worthy context-based un/acceptability of certain prepositions. I'm not sure.
 * Some of the other senses are more tightly bound to "to", btw. Is "died to sin" ever used with another preposition? I don't know. - -sche (discuss) 04:09, 3 June 2017 (UTC)

To necro this thread again as Lollipop did a few years ago, I just moved the "video game" sense up to sit with the other examples of "die" being followed by various prepositions indicating cause and other things. I added a citation showing that it's not limited to video games, and it doesn't seem to be (as it was previously defined) a different sense, but just a different preposition, since next to "died to a turret" one can find "died from a turret", which in turn is obviously just the same sense as in "died from a heart attack". - -sche (discuss) 19:54, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

Ainu
According to Batchelor's 1926 An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, English die translates as ライ (rai). Batchelor also gives this example sentence at イサム (isam "not to be", "it is not"): Rai wa isam, "he has died." (page 193). The particle ワ (wa) with verbs marks something like present participle, or as Batchelor puts it, "The particle itself indicates the English 'ing' and may well be rendered by 'and.'")

If my analysis is correct, イサム is not literally die, though I wouldn't be surprised to hear it used figuratively, rather like "He's not with us anymore." Even disregarding my analysis, though, ライ is Ainu for die according to Batchelor. Cnilep (talk) 07:30, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

English usage note
The usage note is misleading and potentially irrelevant. It seems to indicate that "am/are/is/was/were dead" previously formed a part of the regular paradigm for the verb "die" in place of "have/has/had died". This isn't true. As long as "die" can be considered to have been a verb in English, it has always been possible to use it's past participle with a form of "have" to express a perfect aspect. In fact, contrary to what the note says, the perfect aspect in the past tense was routinely expressed this way in the KJV bible i.e. "had died". Furthermore, "am/are/is/was/were dead" is still a very common figure of speech, much more so than equivalent phrases with "died" (increased use of "has/have died" probably owes most to news reports and headlines). However, this parallel construction is irrelevant to the usage of "die" because the adjective "dead" has been in common use since Old English, even before the Norse loan "die" became the usual verb for this meaning. So, the fact that "dead" has been and remains a very common adjective to describe something that has died does not mean that "have/has/had died" was or is an unusual way to express the perfect aspect of "die", only that, when it comes to being dead, the perfect aspect is usually implicit.184.241.47.56 20:50, 31 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree. I've removed it. It was added [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=die&diff=19665901&oldid=19655143 in this diff]. - -sche (discuss) 21:01, 31 March 2013 (UTC)

 * What the anonymous person wrote above is not completely correct. In the King James Bible, the expression "have died" is only used once, in John 11:37 (where it is an infinitive). Nowhere is there any "hath died" or "hast died". There are quite a few instances of "had died", but I think they are all second subjunctive rather than pluperfect, such as "Would to God we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt" (Numbers 16:3). But there are many instances of "is dead" used instead of "hath died". The best example is Galatians 2:21, where Paul says "I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead [ἀπέθανεν] in vain." (The word "come" here is subjunctive, being in an "if" clause.) Obviously Paul did not think that Christ was still dead! The word being translated means "died" (or "would have died", a contrary-to-fact apodosis). So I am putting a note to this effect back into the article. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 14:57, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

a hero('s death)
Hi, could sb. please add what grammatical unit the phrase 'a hero('s death)' is in this type of structure. Thanks in advance. --Backinstadiums (talk) 23:45, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

 * How does that relate to "die"? "A hero", "death", and "a hero's death" are all noun phrases. Equinox ◑ 00:13, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

"facts of the blackest die"
In Tom Jones: "he hath carried his friendship to this man to a blameable length, by too long concealing facts of the blackest die", i.e. bad or scandalous truths. But what kind of "die" is this? Could it be an obsolete form of (which makes sense with "black"), or is it the cutting device, in metaphorical reference to the "shape" of the situation? Equinox ◑ 14:11, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Robert Hunter's old dictionary gives "crime of the blackest dye" as an example of a sense "quality, character, grain" of "dye" (colour/stain). And "of the blackest dye" and "of the worst dye" are more common than "[crimes, knaves, etc] of the blackest die" and "[caitiffs, etc] of the worst die", though as you note either spelling could make sense, referencing colour/stain or cut/shape. But the presence of a third variant "of the deepest dye" (mentioned by the Random House dictionary) / "of a deep dye" suggests it is from "dye" — although even there, "the deepest die" sees a lot of use. - -sche (discuss) 18:18, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * ✅ We seem to have it now. I've added the Tom Jones cite (it's not unusual!). Equinox ◑ 23:03, 2 June 2017 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May–July 2017
Rfv-sense "Synonym of laugh". Spinning Spark  18:03, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

The definition has long since been reworded. RFV-resolved Kiwima (talk) 23:33, 31 July 2017 (UTC)

The verb "die" doesn't occur in the passive
According to the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, page 77, The verb "die" doesn't occur in the passive, but what about its transitive meaning? --Backinstadiums (talk) 19:11, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes, that sense (at least) can be passive. See, where the hits are an amusing mix of books saying "*a death was died by doesn't exist" and books in which "a death was died by" nonetheless exists, like "a small and voluntary death was died by Socrates". - -sche (discuss) 19:43, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: February–March 2020
"(intransitive) To be utterly cut off by family or friends, as if dead. The day our sister eloped, she died to our mother." No hits in GBooks for "she died to our mother" or even anything relevant for "she died to me". I've heard of someone being dead to somebody, but not "dying to somebody". Is it real? Equinox ◑ 08:17, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

 * This seems like it should exist, but it's hard to find. All the hits I see at seem to be the "become indifferent; cease to be subject" sense or chance co-occurrences of the words, ditto, , and "died to (his|her|my) (father|mother)", of which the only hit that might be this sense is [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Citations%3Adie&type=revision&diff=58745037&oldid=55261212 Bloom]. [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Citations:die&diff=prev&oldid=58745058 Strickland] seems(?) to also use the sense we want, whereas [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Citations%3Adie&type=revision&diff=58745061&oldid=58745058 this grammatically similar Lipner cite] seems to use the literal sense, just in a counterfactual(?). The sense doesn't seem to be in the old OED. [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Citations%3Adie&type=revision&diff=58745102&oldid=58745099 Smith] and Cherryh and maybe [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Citations%3Adie&type=revision&diff=58745117&oldid=58745115 Winer] seem like they may be the right sense, though. What do you think? - -sche (discuss) 09:30, 25 February 2020 (UTC)
 * The usual expression is "to be dead to someone". —Mahāgaja · talk 11:06, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for looking. I don't really see why it "should" exist: you can be invisible to someone without having "disappeared to them". So, the challenged definition is: "To be utterly cut off by family or friends, as if dead." My feelings about your links (in order of appearance):

Equinox ◑ 15:04, 25 February 2020 (UTC)
 * 2009 Bloom: "Esther ... has 'died' to her mother, in order to live again" (note scare quotes!): this seems to be a psychoanalytical statement: someone has done something akin to death in order to overcome some trauma etc. Not relevant to the challenged sense.
 * 1854 Strickland: "When Edward died all men died to me." Presumably this means "he was the only man I could care about" so again not relevant to the challenged sense.
 * 2009 Lipner: "you hadn't died to me. In my mind only you remained my wife, no one else could take your place." Presumably someone did die but remained "alive" in their partner's mind, preventing future relationships: again not relevant to challenged sense.
 * 2011, Winer: "He's died to me so many times since the last time I heard from him [...] and I've died to myself so many times because of it." Not very clear but "died to myself" suggests the friends/family sense doesn't apply...?
 * 2015, Cherryh: "There was a point I let you die to me, son of mine. I told myself you were dead, so I could think about your father." THIS ONE ALONE SEEMS RELEVANT.
 * 2018 Smith: "I know you're dying [...] You've been dying to me, a little bit, day by day, as long as I can remember. And when I started doing some digging and discovered that Niklas existed, well, you died more that day." Apparently someone is becoming detached or disliked; again not relevant.

 * Ah, I think our definition at die is simply insufficient, and should parallel or incorporate more of the wording from the coordinate sense of dead (which is defined as "so hated that they are absolutely ignored", without explicitly limitation to or mention of being ignored specifically by family/friends). I'm going to revise the sense, at which point it seems to me that the 2018 Smith citation probably applies — I mean, suppose it continued its statements of "you've been drying to me, a little bit, day by day [...] you died more that day" by additionally saying "you became dead to me": that would be the "so hated that they are absolutely ignored" sense of dead, wouldn't it? so I think the sense of die (which is clearly intended to be coordinate) is meant, too. - -sche (discuss) 16:45, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

 * I tried searching for "died to"+"dead to", but most of what I found is a religious sense of [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=dead&type=revision&diff=58746617&oldid=58256239 dead that we were missing], parallel to the "become indifferent to (sin, etc)" sense of die. I did find one citation (2003 Carman) talking about one person dying to and being dead to another person, but it might just be a counterfactual (as it also involves telling people the person is dead when you know they're not). - -sche (discuss) 17:19, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Yeah I think family/friends is possibly a common context but probably an unhelpful red herring. Good luck! Equinox ◑ 17:20, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Ok, I found [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=die&type=revision&diff=58746840&oldid=58746671 one clear cite] of this (2017 Hoornstra), a mother yelling at her son that when he ran away, he died to her and became dead to her. - -sche (discuss) 17:51, 25 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Aha, using the string "died to (me|him|her|etc) (the|that) day" [that someone did something], I managed to find several more citations. It could be argued that many or all are just metaphorical (compare saying something "died that day as far as [X] was concerned"), but the same can be said of the corresponding sense of dead and of many other senses of die and dead, so I don't see that as necessarily grounds for removal. It could also be argued that all the citations I added have the form "die to [someone]", but I think it still breaks down as [die] [to someone] rather than [], just like "it seemed to me" is "[it seemed] [to me]" not "it [seemed to] [me]". The definition may also need further revision. But I think the sheer existence of a verb die with a meaning roughly coordinate to be dead to is cited. - -sche (discuss) 19:18, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

RFV-passed Kiwima (talk) 20:05, 4 March 2020 (UTC)

from vs of
A person can die of an illness, or die in an earthquake or a fire. In careful usage, die from is reserved for indirect causes of death, e.g., refusal to leave a flooded area or failure to wear a seat belt: The study found that people with the lowest cholesterol levels were more likely to die from tragic causes, such as car crashes or suicide. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 Is this inherited from the meanings of the prepositions themselves? --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:18, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

German die
we need to add that it can also mean "she" (sie) (like said on German wiki) LICA98 (talk) 17:03, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

Afrikaans die
The afrikaans pronoun section of afrikaans does is not seem quite right. While "die" can be used as a pronoun, it always used as "dié", and even then it isn't used for personal pronouns(he, she, they)Ananinunenon (talk) 12:47, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

nonviolent video games
To my surprise, I found an old video game review in which the writer talks about the player dying even though it is a nonviolent game in which no reasonable person could mistake the game-over screen for depicting actual death. I've added the cite now. This came up a few months ago in this thread, so I'm posting here to indicate that I've changed my mind. Finding two more cites will be difficult, though, as there's no convenient way to filter out the other senses. All I can think of is to search for nonviolent games. — Soap — 17:07, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:die


text: Thesaurus:talkative

title: Thesaurus:talkative


text:
User talk:Bibliomaniac15

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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title: User talk:Bibliomaniac15


text:
User talk:Sewnmouthsecret

Please post new discussion items here.

Please view Sewnmouthsecret's User talk archive here.

Epicaricacy

 * I don't have the book in front of me. I'd have to go back to the library. :-) Evrik 18:56, 2 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Fine by me. :-)

Unblocking User:98.235.176.164
Pursuant to an OTRS communication I am unblocking User:98.235.176.164, it seems that the user was well intentioned and simply didn't understand why the entry was deleted in the first place. If you feel that this is an incorrect move or if you see the user behaving inappropriately in the future please feel free to re-block. Thanks - 02:35, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * No problem. Thanks! sewnmouthsecret 22:17, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

sandwiches
Hi. What is your favorite sandwich? What are your thoughts on open sandwiches? Personally, my most-consumed sandwich is of the ham, cheese and mayonnaise variety; and I'm undecided about the sandwichy status of the open sandwich --Borganised 15:35, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I'll go with a Philly cheesesteak. I also like ham, roast beef, turkey, salami, and cheese sandwiches. I'd say open sandwich is OK to leave in that category. sewnmouthsecret 15:37, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * OK - I made a Philly cheesesteak for ya. --Borganised 15:47, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Sure thing! I will try. TANVEER (talk), 29 July 2024 (GMT)

Hey, Sewn Mouth ^_^
I accidentally nominated a word that was already used by you, keeping up with the times here can be pretty tough. I was just passing that through. I was also wondering if you happened to know the process in which the nominated words become the word of the day? Since you have a rather long history here. I look forward to this for further discussion. Oops, forgot to sign lol. Iceman 01:45, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I see, so I guess that it is likely that is what everyone else does when we submit our words. Though I shall be looking out for words that have already been used as WOTD already so that there will be a better chance my nominations would win. Not that it matters, I hope they'll be recycled in the end at least. As for the word that I repeated aftedr you by accident it was callipygian a rather exotic word. I thought that no one used it before me. lol It appears that you have done so. ^_^ by the way it says that you're an admint. how in the world does that go? It is tough being an admint for the English Wiktionary?

Wiktionary/logo/refresh/voting
I do not want to come across as contumelious but please consider casting your vote for the tile logo as—besides using English—the book logo has a clear directionality of horizontal left-to-right, starkly contrasting with Arabic and Chinese, two of the six official UN languages. As such, the tile logo is the only translingual choice left and it was also elected in Wiktionary/logo/archive-vote-4. Warmest Regards, :)--thecurran Speak your mind my past 03:22, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sewnmouthsecret


text:
User:Rory096/Sandbox

my monobook, lol

my open proxy list, lol

freakofnurture's open proxy list, lol

Rory 096

title: User:Rory096/Sandbox


text:
User talk:Sceptre

Welcome
Hi, Sceptre. We're trying out a new welcome template for veteran Wikipedians. Please let me know if this is helpful. --Dvortygirl 04:48, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sceptre


text:
User talk:Jsu

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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title: User talk:Jsu


text:
Wiktionary:Requests for deletion/Archives/2006/01

=Kept=

Template:altspellpar
Yet another template we don't really need. Ncik 02:11, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep (also Template:altspell) - useful (and in use) - text is not optimum though. SemperBlotto 08:59, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep - is good - Παρατηρητής 13:06, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't find either of them very useful, particularly the one that adds a pointless tag to articles. What an alternative spelling is is a matter of general Wiktionary knowledge, and should not need to be repeated in an ugly tag every time it applies. Eclecticology 10:20, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with Ec 100%. I find this tag very ugly and I think it dumbs down the content that would be much better served by spelling out the similarities and differences in each article. — Hippietrail 17:57, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep. Both templates are heavily linked.  Suggesting formatting improvements is worlds better than recommending elimination.  Obviously someone found these useful; I would have used them if there wasn't this vitriolic assault on them.  Why is a conversation that belongs in the beer parlour to begin with, being catered to?  Both of these templates seem like an elegant approach to easing the persistent UK/US issues.  Why is a request for their deletion deemed appropriate, when a reasonable apprach would be to offer an improved solution first then migrate such entries over, then when all is clear, request deletion.  Elimination of useful templates is no improvement.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 04:14, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Could I be any more...
This may be very banal, but its the dots that "worry" me --Dangherous 23:08, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Weak keep. Doesn't bother me much.  There probably should be a place in an appendix to note common phrase constructs that fit a particular pattern.  Until such an appendix is devised, I don't object to retaining it.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 05:12, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * even weaker keep It isn't a prefix, shouldn't be capitalised and should lose the dots. SemperBlotto 08:38, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * moved to Could one be any more Davilla 23:06, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Dekoration
Another article with non-English content by the same author.
 * Cleanedup. Mike 18:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Diskursanalyse
A German word with no definition. Jonathan Webley 12:41, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

translatory
Thanks, but this is English wiktionary. Jonathan Webley 21:20, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep.   --Connel MacKenzie T C 23:21, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep It's in the OED with cites from between 1727 and 1849. — Hippietrail 23:30, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

หญิงชาติชั่ว
Special:What links here says this is Thai for slut, but tagged as not in Thai alphabet? --Connel MacKenzie T C 08:18, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It’s Thai, all right, but I don’t know whether it’s a standard expression or just a description. —Stephen 12:45, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for cleaning it up. --Connel MacKenzie T C 07:46, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

çimen diğer tarafta her zaman daha yeşildir
Not English. Jonathan Webley 21:41, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Linked from the grass is always greener on the other side --Dangherous 23:06, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

three
--Dangherous 23:09, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) IDEO locator -- seems to be the name of an Internet guy
 * 2) Fair and balanced - do we accept slogans? Or would Wikisource like this?
 * 3) action star (Action Star). Dodgy.
 * 4) clippety-cloppety - Seemingly written by a 5 year old. Call me racist, but I don't think 5 year olds should write dictionaries.
 * 5) diddly dum, from the same page. It has a fair amount of hits on the web, but so does "brrrrrrr" and "rub a dub dub".

 * The ideo locator page is okay, it just needed to be lowercased. It’s not the same as the IDEO Internet company. —Stephen 12:07, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

=Deleted=

維基/维基
bad title. no useful content. Millie 17:57, 21 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Deleted. SemperBlotto 08:57, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Deleted again. no ned to have saved this as a non-article. Eclecticology 08:13, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

User:wietsezuyderwijk/oddgrammarfeatures
Something very strange is going on with User:wietsezuyderwijk and all its sub-pages. The user does not exist. All edits were made by anon IPs. Unclear if any of the subpage information is useful. --Connel MacKenzie T C 08:31, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * the name of the User page starts with a lowercase letter - even in en.wiktionary a User account cannot start that way. I would be inclined to delete it - we can always recover it if really needed (the talk page gets redirected to Capitalised version to add to the confusion). SemperBlotto 10:25, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * AFAIK, he does exist, and his capitalized user page redirects to the lowercase version. The redirections between his talk pages are made by another Dutchman. This must be some Dutch conspiracy. Vildricianus 19:06, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It is indeed a conspiracy. I am employed by Prisma Woordenboeken. Seriously: it is a User Page by me, a regular contributor, and I am currently in the process of migrating all this data to here. When I am done, I will add all my userpages to the rfd-category... I hope a kind sysop will then delete all the pages under User:wietsezuyderwijk except for the actual page itself. Sorry for the inconvenience. DON'T DELETE MY PAGES JUST NOW!!

 * wiktionary isn't a playground, it isn't supposed to be used for saving data from pet projects. The wiki software is free, webspace is cheap, that is a much better solution if you wish to make a project of some kind. delete. - TheDaveRoss 01:08, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

List of anti-Semites
Violates NPOV

playah
Not convinced that it is a real definition. Jonathan Webley 20:41, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No, that didn't seem right… Deleted. Jon Harald Søby 20:43, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

2009
We are not Wikipedia...we don't keep year entries, at all, right? --Connel MacKenzie T C 02:10, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Similarly, MMVI. --Connel MacKenzie T C 02:21, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

vuckle
Sorry, but I just don't believe this one is correct. Jonathan Webley 21:48, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Deleted. SemperBlotto 16:28, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Category:Ro:plants
Delete Category:Ro:plants. cf. Category:ro:Plants (the correct format). Alexander 007 00:34, 28 January 2006 (UTC)


text:
Law

Etymology 1

 * From the given name.

Etymology 2
From.

Proper noun

 * , perhaps originally meaning someone who lives near a burial mound.
 * 1)  a conical hill

Etymology 3
Capitalized form of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  the five Books of Moses, particularly the commandments in it, as well as their specification in the Mishnah and their further interpretation in later religious literature
 * 2)  the commandments in the Books of Moses, sometimes seen as transcended by Christ
 * 3)  the commandments and moral principles that are binding for Christians, such as the Decalogue, the teachings of the New Testament, the Church Fathers, etc.
 * 1)  the commandments and moral principles that are binding for Christians, such as the Decalogue, the teachings of the New Testament, the Church Fathers, etc.

Etymology 4
From. .

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Law is the 1,089th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 32,122 individuals. Law is most common among White (65.61%), Black (15.63%) and Asian (14.22%) individuals.

title: Law


text:
Talk:billion

I'm pretty sure billion still means million million in the UK and Australia. Is there a source for the information stated here?
 * It is true, that the British have been known to call the 'American' billion (10^9) a milliard and call the 'American' trillion (10^12) a billion. Both are accepted in Britain now, our definition does seem to lack this information though. - TheDaveRoss 05:22, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The use of 'billion' to refer to a million million is long obsolete in the UK. In 1974 the government of the UK abandoned the long scale, so that the UK now applies the short scale interpretation exclusively in mass media and official usage.   86.133.176.101 11:30, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

 * That makes it "dated", not "long obsolete". Harold Wilson made that decision for Government usage, but it will take another generation before the previous usage becomes obsolete.    D b f  i  r  s   17:16, 10 December 2014 (UTC)

interesting
the guys at work were having a discution about this, francisco (from mexico) and mario born and raised here in the U.S.a million miillions says francisco , a thousand millions says mario.... I tell em they are both right... but why is football called that name and not soccer , when in latin american countries and Europe soccer is known as football, and football is Amerii=can football.

title: Talk:billion


text:
plink

Etymology
Onomatopoeic.

Noun

 * 1) A short, high-pitched metallic or percussive sound.

Verb

 * 1) To make a plink sound.
 * 2)   To play a song or a portion of a song, usually on a percussion instrument such as a piano.
 * 3)  To take part in the sport of plinking.
 * 1)  To take part in the sport of plinking.
 * 1)  To take part in the sport of plinking.
 * 1)  To take part in the sport of plinking.

title: plink


text:
Talk:sofu

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 209,000 hits for search: "sofu" -祖父 -そふ. Rodasmith 05:29, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:sofu


text:
User:Bookworm~enwiktionary

Hi. I'm an admin on Wikipedia.

See me on Wikipedia

title: User:Bookworm~enwiktionary


text:
luxury tax

Noun

 * 1) Any tax on the sale of items not considered to be essential to a reasonable standard of living, either to increase revenue, or to discourage the use of certain articles.

title: luxury tax


text:
Talk:Tōkyō

Criteria for inclusion
Google lists 134,000 hits for search: "Tōkyō" -東京 -とうきょう. Rodasmith 05:36, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tōkyō


text:
зар

Noun

 * 1)  cow

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) die cube used for playing games

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sorrow, grief
 * 2) thirst, need

Noun

 * 1) die
 * 2) yashmak, veil

Particle

 * 1) really? is it possible that...? (question particle indicating doubt or shock)

Etymology 1
, from, from.

Particle

 * 1) really
 * Зар не знаш за то? — Don't you know that?
 * Зар не? — Right?
 * Зар то није дивно? — Isn't that beautiful?

Etymology 2
, from.

Noun

 * 1) curtain
 * 2) yashmak
 * 3) veil

Etymology 3
, from.

Noun

 * 1) die

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) gold

title: зар


text: wouldn't you know it

title: wouldn't you know it


text:
not have the faintest idea

Verb

 * 1)  To not know; to have no idea.
 * Talking to him for a few minutes, it was clear he hadn't the faintest idea on what to do.

title: not have the faintest idea


text:
faintest

Adjective

 * He claimed he hadn't the faintest idea what happened.
 * He claimed he hadn't the faintest idea what happened.

title: faintest


text:
opt-in

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) The property of having to choose explicitly to join or permit something; a decision having the default option being exclusion or avoidance; used particularly with regard to mailing lists and advertising.
 * They set up an opt-in mailing list, so that those who wanted the notices could subscribe.

Translations

 * German: unter vorhergehender Einwilligung, vorhergehende Einwilligung erfordernd, vorherige, ausdrückliche Zustimmung benötigend
 * Spanish: de adhesión

title: opt-in


text:
get the ball rolling

Verb

 * 1)  To begin; to start some action; to set in motion.
 * Did you ever get the ball rolling on your plans to build a shed?

title: get the ball rolling


text:
plot bunny

Etymology
From the metaphorical image of the writer's brain producing ideas with the abundance and speed with which rabbits are fabled to breed.

Noun

 * 1)  An idea for a story, usually referring to an author having more ideas than they can use.

title: plot bunny


text:
drag out

Verb

 * 1)  To extend or lengthen excessively.
 * 2)  To haul or bring out forcefully or from an awkward location.
 * 1)  To haul or bring out forcefully or from an awkward location.
 * 1)  To haul or bring out forcefully or from an awkward location.

Translations

 * Finnish: pitkittää, ,
 * French: faire traîner en longueur, faire traîner

 * Azerbaijani:

title: drag out


text:
give something a whirl

Verb

 * 1)  To try, test or attempt.
 * If you've never tried a recumbent bicycle before, you're welcome to give it a whirl.
 * I don't know how to begin, but I'll give it a whirl, anyway.

Translations

 * Maori: karawhiu

title: give something a whirl


text:
give something a go

Verb

 * 1)  To try or attempt.
 * Why not give it a go? You may find it easier than you thought.

Translations

 * Maori: karawhiu

title: give something a go


text:
old college try

Etymology
From the ambitiousness of college athletes. Earliest known use from 1914. Perhaps popularized by a 1917 sermon of the same name by preacher and professional baseball player (see citations).

Noun

 * 1)  A vigorous, committed attempt or effort, often in the context of a nearly hopeless situation where failure is expected.
 * 2) * 1980, T. E. Kalem, "Happy Hangover" (theatre review of Fifth of July), Time, 17 Nov.:
 * Reeve gives his role the old college try—fervent amateurism.
 * Reeve gives his role the old college try—fervent amateurism.

Usage notes

 * Often used in the expression give it the old college try.

title: old college try


text:
placement

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act of placing or putting in place; the act of locating or positioning; the state of being placed.
 * 2) A location or position.
 * It seems to me that the placement of that poster could be better.
 * 1) The act of matching a person with a job
 * The agency does not guarantee placement, but they work on commission.
 * 1)  A temporary posting of a person to a particular workplace to enable them to gain work experience.
 * 2)  The zodiacal region of the sky in which the sun, moon, or a planet appears at the time and place of a person's birth.
 * 1)  The zodiacal region of the sky in which the sun, moon, or a planet appears at the time and place of a person's birth.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian: слагане,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: pokládka
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: Platzierung
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: θέσις
 * Hebrew: מיקום
 * Hungarian:, , , szintfelmérés
 * Italian:, ,
 * Maori: whakatakotoranga, whakanohonga, whakanohoanga
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: Platzierung,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: θέσις
 * Hebrew: מיקום
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: posizionamento, ,
 * Latvian: novietojums
 * Maori: whakatakotoranga
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: työhönsijoitus
 * German: Stellenvermittlung
 * Hungarian:
 * Malayalam:
 * Russian:
 * Turkish: iş bulma, işe yerleştirme

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) investment
 * 1) investment

title: placement


text:
give it one's best shot

Verb

 * 1)  To make one's best effort or attempt; to try as hard as possible.

title: give it one's best shot


text:
User talk:Bookworm~enwiktionary

Luxury tax
Only proper nouns start with a capital letter. This should be moved to luxury tax (and properly formatted). Here is our standard welcome. SemperBlotto 07:05, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:57, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bookworm~enwiktionary


text:
Talk:skosh

I see a total of 13 Google hits when I search for "give a skosh", one of which is this Wiktionary page, so either this isn't written much, or it isn't used much. --Dvortygirl 07:14, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * There are thousands of hits on Google Books for "a skosh" though. Time flies. ---> Tooironic (talk) 11:11, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

Etymology
I was very suspicious of the Japanese etymology, considering that the synonym is listed here as being imitative. However, I checked the OED and they agree with the Japanese, further mentioning that it was US armed forces slang (which goes some way to explaining it). Equinox ◑ 02:52, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Regarding itself, the (at least, American) English pronunciation closely matches the mainstream eastern Japanese , and is basically how I'd expect an English speaker to nativize the term.
 * FWIW, Merriam-Webster's entry also lists a Japanese origin, and dates the first usage in English to 1952. Presumably this was borrowed alongside terms like  and.
 * For, I note that all the current usexes at 🇨🇬 and citations at Citations:skoosh are quite recent. Without more data, my suspicion is that the "small amount" sense of  may represent a conflation of Japanese-derived  and imitative  (which itself seems likely to be a shift from, or otherwise related to,  and ).
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:00, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:00, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

 * All right. Thanks for the response with a clue. Appreciated. Equinox ◑ 01:24, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:skosh


text:
courant

Etymology 1
Alternative form of.

Noun

 * 1) A piece of music in triple time.
 * 2) A lively dance; a coranto.
 * 3) * a. 1699,, Heads designed for an essay on conversation
 * It is harder, in that, to dance a courant well than a jig.

Etymology 2
From. .

Noun

 * 1) A circulating gazette of news; a newspaper.

Adjective

 * 1)  Represented as running.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. .

Adjective

 * 1) current, prevalent, standard

Noun

 * 1) currency

Etymology
Present participle of ; in. Corresponds to.

Noun

 * 1) current (of water, electricity, thought, etc.)

Adjective

 * 1) current, present
 * 2)  fluent
 * 3) common

title: courant


text:
bikeshed

Etymology 1
.

Technical meaning coined by in 1999.

Noun

 * 1)  An enclosed structure where bicycles may be stored.
 * 2)  A topic that is attracting debate out of proportion to its actual importance.

Verb

 * 1)  To discuss a minor detail rather than focusing on more important issues.

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  The land area within a defined biking range of a specified location.

title: bikeshed


text:
јутро

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) morning
 * 2) Old unit for measurement of area, similar to acre.

title: јутро


text: lacked

title: lacked


text:
Talk:provide

Is this transitive or intransitive or both? In the case of both, does it mean the same thing when transitive as when intransitive? /L

Duplicate translation headings
Two of the translation headings for the English definition here are the same. I'm not sure if one of them is misnamed or they need to be merged. The only translation that differs between the two is German. Could someone with any knowledge of German weigh in? ARR8 (talk) 16:21, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

provide for
provide for phrasal verb --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:50, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

Transitivity labels
Why are there not any added? --Backinstadiums (talk) 07:53, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

minor erratum?
In its entry in the English language, in the quote under the quotations list of the 8th sense, which is the only one yet, there are 2 instances of the phrase "to the" which are immediately next to each other.

If it is really present in the literary work cited, then [sic] may be immediately after the former instance. If it is not, then please erase one of the instances.

Thank you. A Mediocre Lifetime Student (talk) 08:31, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅ Fixed. You can edit the page for these small fixes yourself. Thanks. Equinox ◑ 15:42, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:provide


text:
seau

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) pail, bucket

title: seau


text:
jouet

Etymology
, corresponding to.

Noun

 * 1) toy; plaything

title: jouet


text:
sauter

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Etymology 3
Due to American pronunciation.

Etymology
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to jump, leap
 * 2)  to jump over
 * 3)  to sauté
 * 4)  to bang, hump, have sex with
 * 5)  to skip (pass from one step directly to a later step without going through the intervening ones)
 * 6)  to explode
 * 1)  to skip (pass from one step directly to a later step without going through the intervening ones)
 * 2)  to explode
 * 1)  to explode

Etymology
,, from , from , replacing 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) The Biblical book of Psalms; the section of the Bible containing psalms.
 * 2) A psalm hymn in the
 * 3) A psalter; a book containing psalms and related material.
 * 4) A psaltery lute-like string instrument

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to jump

Noun

 * 1) salter maker of salt
 * 2) one who can do severe things

title: sauter


text:
limite

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) limit

Adjective

 * 1)  edgy, borderline, almost objectionable

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) limit, limitation, bounds
 * 2) boundary, border
 * 3)  line
 * 1)  line
 * 1)  line

Noun

 * 1) limit
 * 2) limitation

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) limitation; limit

title: limite


text:
boîte

Etymology
, from, from , from a conflation of and. .

Noun

 * 1) box the container
 * 2) tin, can
 * : club, nightclub
 * 1)  company, employer
 * 1)  company, employer

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) nightclub

title: boîte


text:
viol

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from (modern 🇨🇬), from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A stringed instrument related to the violin family, but held in the lap between the legs like a cello, usually with C-holes, a flat back, a fretted neck and six strings, played with an underhanded bow hold
 * 2)  A large rope used to manipulate the anchor
 * 1)  A large rope used to manipulate the anchor
 * 1)  A large rope used to manipulate the anchor
 * 1)  A large rope used to manipulate the anchor
 * 1)  A large rope used to manipulate the anchor

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish: viola da gamba
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ვიოლა, ალტი
 * German:, ,
 * Hungarian: viola da gamba,
 * Icelandic: gamba
 * Irish: vióla da gamba
 * Portuguese: viola da gamba
 * Russian:

Verb

 * 1) To play the viol.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a rape

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  rape

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rape, violation

Related terms

 * a
 * a

Etymology
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) violet

title: viol


text:
appétit

Etymology
, from, loaned from.

Noun

 * 1) appetite

title: appétit


text:
appetit

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) appetite

Noun

 * 1) appetite desire to consume food
 * 2)  appetite; want; desire; longing

title: appetit


text: antigua

title: antigua


text:
Antigua

Etymology
From, in honor of a religious icon of St Mary (La Virgen de la Antigua) in Seville. .

Proper noun

 * , in the Caribbean.

Translations

 * Antillean Creole: Antigwa
 * Arabic: أَنْتِيغُوَا
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 安提瓜
 * Dutch: Antigua
 * French: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: Antigua
 * Latin: Antiqua
 * Lokono: Wadadli
 * Maori: Moutere Nehe
 * Portuguese: Antígua
 * Spanish: Antigua
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: An-ti-goa
 * West Frisian: Antigûa

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) the island of
 * 1) the island of

Proper noun

 * 1)  the largest island of the nation of Antigua and Barbuda, in the Caribbean

Etymology
From.

title: Antigua


text:
unmentionables

Etymology
Victorian Era euphemism, specifically the category of euphemism known as indirection (compare privates, behind, sleep together). First intended meaning was "trousers", attested from 1823. Meaning "underwear" is recorded from 1910.

Noun

 * 1)  undergarments, underwear, drawers
 * 2)  genitals
 * 3)  breeches, trousers
 * 1)  breeches, trousers
 * 1)  breeches, trousers

Usage notes
Because of a euphemism's intentional ambiguity, the perceived meaning can drift. While at first, "unmentionables" referred with Victorian hyper-sensitivity to trousers, the functional meaning drifted expediently to underwear. Currently, examples can be found where it is clear the writer or speaker means to refer expressly to the genitals.

title: unmentionables


text: User:PhilBoswell

title: User:PhilBoswell


text:
väcka

Etymology
From, , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to wake up; to cause someone to stop sleeping

title: väcka


text:
rar

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) sparse, thin
 * 2) scarce, few
 * 3) rare, unusual, uncommon

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) rare very uncommon; scarce
 * 2) strange, odd
 * 3) rare of a gas: thin
 * 1) rare of a gas: thin
 * 1) rare of a gas: thin
 * 1) rare of a gas: thin

Etymology
From, ultimately borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) pleasant
 * 2) kind
 * 3) nice

Etymology
From, chiefly through.

Adjective

 * 1) scarce; seldom found and therefore in demand
 * 2)  rare, infrequent (in general)
 * 1)  rare, infrequent (in general)

Adjective

 * 1) rare

Synonyms

net vill Rares sinn:
 * 1) to be nothing special, to be good for nothing

Adverb

 * 1) rarely

Verb

 * 1)  to be split

Etymology
Ultimately borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) strange

Etymology
Ultimately borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) strange

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) sparse, thin
 * 2) scarce, few
 * 3) rare, unusual, uncommon

Adverb

 * 1) sparsely, thinly
 * 2) seldom, rarely, infrequently
 * 3)  slowly

Usage notes
For the temporal senses, the literal definition found in the Romanian dictionary DEX indicates a meaning like "at longer intervals of time than usual", which explains the usage related to speech.

Etymology
From, ultimately borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) sweet (agreeable in a tender, charming way)
 * 2)  rare
 * 1)  rare

Noun

 * 1) different
 * 2) way

title: rar


text:
parang

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) A short, heavy, straight-edged knife used in Malaysia and Indonesia as a tool and weapon.

Verb

 * 1) To cut with a parang

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) A style of music originating from Trinidad and Tobago, strongly influenced by Venezuelan music.

Verb

 * 1) To play parang music

Etymology 1
From, from.
 * The sense as classic batik motif is a, from.

Noun

 * 1) a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete.
 * 2) a classic batik motif.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) field, treeless plain

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) meadow; prairie

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) grass

title: parang


text:
eftsoons

Etymology
From  – both senses (“soon after”, “again”) derive from senses of, which is related to.

Adverb

 * 1)  Once again; another time.
 * 2)  Soon after, presently.
 * 3) * 1568, Erasmus Roterodamus; N. L., transl., A Modest Meane to Mariage, Pleasauntly set foorth, Henrie Denham:
 * But wil you giue me leaue now eftsones a while to play the Sophister his part with you?
 * 1) * 1800, 1817,, , (1817 edition), third stanza:
 * He holds him with his skinny hand,
 * ‘There was a ship,’ quoth he.
 * ‘Hold off ! unhand me, grey-beard loon !’
 * Eftsoons his hand dropt he.
 * ‘Hold off ! unhand me, grey-beard loon !’
 * Eftsoons his hand dropt he.

Translations

 * Russian:

 * French:
 * Russian:

title: eftsoons


text:
nuolenpää

Noun

 * 1) arrowhead

title: nuolenpää


text:
emplastic

Adjective

 * 1) viscous, glutinous, adhesive

Noun

 * 1) A drug causing constipation.

Etymology
.

title: emplastic


text:
lustfully

Etymology
From, , from , equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) In a lustful manner.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Italian: ,
 * Spanish:, , libidinosamente

title: lustfully


text:
esemplastic

Etymology
From Greek ἐς ‘into’ + ἕν + πλαστικός (from πλάσσειν ‘to mould’). Coined by Coleridge, probably after German ineinsbildung ‘forming into one’.

Adjective

 * 1) Unifying; having the power to shape disparate things into a unified whole.
 * 2) * 1893: all the verses when taken together [...] are deficient in harmony, and consequently there is little or no fusion. The esemplastic power of the writer's feeling was not strong enough, did not extend beyond the individual verse. — Hiram Corson, A Primer of English Verse (pp. 21–22)
 * 3) * 2003: he [...] developed a doctrine of the organic (‘esemplastic’) imagination, over and against the passive and mechanical faculty of ‘fancy’ — Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason (Penguin 2004, p. 405)

title: esemplastic