text:
visa

Etymology
From 1831, "official signature or endorsement on a passport," from, from from feminine perfect passive of. Compare, ,.

Noun

 * 1) A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: visum
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ቪዛ
 * Arabic: تَأْشِيرَة, فِيزَا
 * Gulf Arabic: ڤيزا, ڤيزة
 * Hijazi Arabic: فيزا, ڤيزا, ڤيزة, تَأْشِيرَة
 * Armenian:, մուտքի արտոնագիր
 * Asturian: visáu
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: ві́за
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ви́за
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 簽證
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 簽證
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: viisa
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: visado
 * Georgian: ვიზა
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hausa: biza
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi: वीज़ा, वीजा, वीसा
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vegabréfsáritun
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: víosa
 * Italian:, nulla osta, , ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: виза
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: виза
 * Lao: ວີຊ້າ
 * Latvian: vīza
 * Lithuanian: viza
 * Macedonian: виза
 * Malay: visa
 * Maori: kōkota, pane uruwhenua
 * Marathi: व्हिसा
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠸᠢᠰᠠ
 * Nepali: भिसा
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: visum
 * Nynorsk: visum
 * Ottoman Turkish: ویزه
 * Pashto: ويزه
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ви́за
 * Roman:
 * Sindhi:
 * Sinhalese: වීසා
 * Slovak: vízum
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: bisa
 * Tajik: виза
 * Tamil: விசா
 * Tatar: виза
 * Telugu: వీసా
 * Thai: วีซา
 * Tibetan: ཐོངས་མཆན, ཝི་ཛ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: wiza
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: ویزا
 * Uyghur: ۋىزا
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: (視實), giấy xuất cảnh
 * Welsh: teitheb
 * Yiddish: וויזע
 * Yoruba: físà, ìwé àṣẹ ìwọ̀lú

Verb

 * 1)  To endorse (a passport, etc.).

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. The original adjective "hard, difficult, demanding" is now exclusively found in dialects (and some derivations, like ); the modern sense "quiz" is a backformation of, itself derived from that adjective.

Noun

 * 1) quiz competition in the answering of questions
 * 1) quiz competition in the answering of questions

Etymology 1
From, neuter plural of.

Noun

 * 1) a mark or stamp attesting to the performance of an official action
 * 2) a travel visa

Etymology
From, from , from , short form of , plural of.

Noun

 * : A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

Etymology 1
Inflected form of.

Etymology 2
Inflected form of, perfect passive participle of.

Etymology 1
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to show, point out
 * 2)  to send away
 * 3)  to demonstrate, to give proof of
 * 4)  to be visible

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to show
 * 2) to let know

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) poison
 * 2) venom

Etymology
Either from, or from the rare but attested , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to dream

Etymology 1
, from.

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a song, a tune, particularily one with a simple melody, where the primary focus is the lyrics

Etymology 4
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to show, to display
 * 2) to show (provide with information)
 * 3) to show, to prove
 * 1) to show (provide with information)
 * 2) to show, to prove
 * 1) to show, to prove

title: visa


text:
Talk:iron

Italian
It sense 2 = "ferro da stirare" or "ferro da stiro"? Check...

 * It’s ferro da stiro. —Stephen 14:31, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

merged with translations found on http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/elem/fe.html with permission from the author Polyglot 10:48, 4 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Kashmiri
The Kashmiri translation (zelazlo) is obviously wrong. This is a Slavic word for iron. Can someone check?

 * It’s Kashubian. Somebody probably originally used the language code rather than the name, then someone else misunderstood the code as Kashmiri. That’s one of the reasons we don’t like to use language codes here. —Stephen 14:31, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation
While eye-ron is a common pronunciation, I am not sure it is correct. Can somone check?

 * I have never heard that pronunciation in American English and would not consider it correct. I don’t think most people would even understand it. We only say "eye-ern" or "eyrn". —Stephen 02:31, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It is an oft-heard pronunciation among non-native English speakers (atleast in India) possibly due to their 'calling it as they see it'. However, I am going ahead and deleting the incorrect 'US English' pronunciation.

 * Certainly, it's a spelling pronunciation. How is a non-native supposed to know that its "ion" (British) or "iorn" (American) when the spelling says "iron"?
 * PS: While English will probably never have a consistent spelling system, I hope that one day at least these graver inconsistencies (iron, one, debt, laugh, etc.) will be revised.

I knew a South African (Jewish) whose mother tongue was English and he would pronounce it eye-ron. This is also given by the Robert & Collins English-French dictionary (which is British). Eric Kvaalen (talk) 16:48, 28 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Not in Chambers. Equinox ◑ 20:49, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Can some native English please replace the pronounciation audio file then? TheReincarnator (talk) 16:30, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Although most Scottish people say ‘iron’ in a similar manner to how most Americans do, though usually with the ‘r’ pronounced differently, ‘eye-run’ (though not ‘eye-ron’ as far as I know) is a fairly widespread pronunciation in Scotland. I recently heard Michael Gove (a British MP, born in Aberdeen) say it this way and I’ve heard other Scots say it the same way too. I think it’s more of a Northern Scottish pronunciation that’s not used much, if at all, in the central belt (although having said that, Gordon Brown is from near Edinburgh and pronounces it that way according to the following link https://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2009/11/iron-or.htmlOverlordnat1 (talk) 16:35, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

In fact this detailed thread on Stack Exchange quotes the OED as saying /ˈaɪrən/." is a Scottish and Yorkshire pronunciation (https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/264658/why-is-iron-pronounced-eye-urn-but-not-eye-run/264662#264662). The Wikipedia article for ‘Irn Bru’ lists the pronunciation too, so this agrees with our listing of this dialect pronunciationOverlordnat1 (talk) 17:40, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Also at least two bands on YouTube, 'Poitin' and 'The Fighting Men of Crossmaglen' sing the Irish rebel song 'Joe McDonnell' in Irish accents and say 'I-run' and Pól McAdaim sings the Internationale with 'I-run' as a lyric, so I've added an Irish tag to that pronunciation. --Overlordnat1 (talk) 17:56, 15 December 2023 (UTC)

Sense development
Is it actually generally agreed what the sense development of "iron" was, that it has to do with its rusting and not ... its military applications? Cf. Don Ringe, here:
 * As Warren Cowgill pointed out to me some thirty years ago, there are at least two good reasons why iron might be called ‘blood-metal’; the fact that it rusts is one of them.

76.191.157.130 22:38, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Etymology
The 1978 American Heritage Dictionary has the etymology of iron as "holy metal". Under root eis-1: In words denoting passion, 3. Germanic *isarno- "holy metal" (possibly from Celtic), in Old English ise(r)n, iron. That may give different interpretations for Iron in Folklore. Unless there is some clarifying scholarship, you might list both etymologies. --BooksXYZ (talk) 14:08, 9 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I think that our etymology includes all the elements of the AHD etymology. Unfortunately, the definitions of the individual etymons are not included and the main line of derivation is buried in the cognates. See Online Etymology Dictionary for well-presented, brief, reliable English etymologies. DCDuring TALK 14:21, 9 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Would it not draw equally from the middle English iren and the Old Norse járn? Alehanro999 (talk) 15:11, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Why is its pronunciation irregular? OED [OE. íren, used beside ísern, ísen, = OFris. ísern, OS. îsarn (MDu. ijzen, ijzer, Du. ijzer), OHG. îsarn, later îsan (MHG., MLG. îsern, îsen, Ger. eisen), ON. ísarn (also later earn, jarn, Sw. järn, Da. jern), Goth. eisarn:—OTeut. type *īsarnom; cognate with OCelt. *īsarnom, whence Gaulish compounds in īsarno-, OIr. íarn (Ir. iaran, iarun, Gael. iarunn, Manx yiarn), OWelsh hearn (:—eharn, iharn:—ísarn), Corn. hoern, OBreton hoiarn, now houarn, pl. hern. The ulterior etymology of the Celto-Teut. īsarno- is uncertain; and the relationship of the various types in Eng. and the cognate languages involves many difficulties. The full Eng. type (= OHG., ON. ísarn) was ísern, found only in OE., though still in the 11th c. The form ísen, corresp. to later OHG. îsan, MHG. îsen, Ger. eisen, MDu. ijzen, extends from OE. to the 14th c. in Kentish and perh. other south. dial. (at length reduced to yse, also in the comb. ysmonger: see ironmonger). The Eng. type íren has no continental parallel; in OE., as a simple n., it was app. chiefly poetic, but it became the standard form in ME.; the second syllable was from the 14th c. variously spelt -en, -yn, -un, and from early in the 16th c. always -on, the prevalent 16th c. form being yron, on which iron gradually gained, and became universal about 1630. In early ME. southern dial., iren was reduced to ire, yre, found in literature in 15th c., and still the s.w. dialect form from Berkshire to Cornwall. In north. dial., on the other hand, iren was compressed to irn, yrn, still used as irn, irne, ern, airn, in Sc. and north. Eng. dial. (See Eng. Dialect Dict. s.v.) In the standard Eng. īren, īron, syncopation app. did not take place until after diphthongation of the ī, whence through a phonetic series (ˈiːrən), (ˈaɪrən), (ˈaɪərən), (ˈaɪər(ə)n), (ˈaɪə(r)n), came the existing (ˈaɪən); cf. the syncopated pa. pples. born, borne, torn, worn, boln, swoln, and Sc. fal'n, fawn, from earlier boren, toren, woren, bollen, swollen, fallen. The 15–16th c. dial. spellings iern, yern, yirn, are ambiguous: in some cases they may have meant (ˈiːərn, ˈaɪərn), in others yern, (jərn), the latter prob. from Norse jarn, Da. jern. The plural yrnes, irnes (-ys, -esse, etc.) could arise alike from yrn, irn, or from yren, iren (as in heven, hevnes). The form of the original īsarn has been much discussed; it has been viewed by some as a derivative, and perhaps adj. form, and suggestions made of its relation to ís ice (with the notion of ‘glancing’), or to L. æs, ær-, Goth. aiz, OHG. êr, OE. âr brass; but in neither case with much probability. Some class it among the Inde-eur. neuter words with r in nom.-acc., and -n in oblique cases (e.g. Skt. ˈūdhar gen. ˈūdhnas, L. femur, femin-is), and suppose an orig. nom. *ˈīsar, gen. *iˈsonos (yielding by Verner's Law *izan-az), whence the later forms in -r and -n, and (by contamination) -rn. The phonetic history of ON. jarn and its cognates is also doubtful. Grimm and others suggested a borrowing of OIr. íarn, giving ON. íarn, iárn, járn; others would derive it from izan- through eran, earn, jarn-. (See Möller in P. & B. Beiträge VII. 547; Noreen in Arkiv for Nordisk Filologi IV. 110 note, Abriss der urgerm. Lautlehre 195.) Uncertainty also attaches to the phonetic history of OE. íren whether it merely arose by rhotacism from ísen, or from ísern through an intermediate írern, shortened like berern, beren, cweartern, cwearten.] --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:26, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: April 2020
Current noun senses:

 * Great strength or power.
 * A very strong or tough material.
 * a will of iron
 * He appeared easygoing, but inside he was pure iron.

I feel unsure whether the "Great strength or power" meaning actually exists. There are some cases where the word "strength" can be substituted to make sense, such as "the iron in one's soul", but is "strength" what "iron" actually means here? For example, while we can refer to, let's say, "great strength", the idea of "great iron" seems odd. In these figurative uses, does "iron" in fact always refer to the substance rather than the quality? Or can anyone think of a good example where it does unambiguously mean "strength or power"? Mihia (talk) 14:36, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

 * It might be wise to substitute these two senses with a more general wording describing the figurative usage referring to the qualities of iron. These are the corresponding definitions from several other dictionaries: Oxford: "Used figuratively as a symbol or type of firmness, strength, or resistance."; Dictionary.com: "something hard, strong, rigid, unyielding, or the like"; MW: "great strength, hardness, or determination". -- Einstein2 (talk) 15:11, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that seems a good idea. Maybe it is too much of a nit-picking distinction anyway. Mihia (talk) 16:23, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The new merged definition can be tinkered with as people wish, but as far as this RFV is concerned, I'm striking it as Resolved. Mihia (talk) 16:27, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Merge
I merged the first two definitions of the English word "iron" into one, on the grounds that they wer essentially the same. Also, one of the definitions placed said article directly in Category:en:Physics and Category:en:Chemistry; i felt that this was undesirable, given that too many articles are placed directly in said two categories; articles in said two categories should be moved into some subcategories. Okay? Solomonfromfinland (talk) 00:28, 10 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Good catch and good merge. I looked through the history because I wondered if this was another relic from Wiktionary's very early days when people would enter multiple ways of phrasing something on different lines as if they were different definitions, but it was apparently split in diff. - -sche (discuss) 01:54, 10 April 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:iron


text:
Talk:black

Translations
Noun and adjective translations combined - these should be separated out. I have started with fr and it

RFV in 2006
As a transitive verb, it is always blacken, never to black, right? --Connel MacKenzie 04:31, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, "to blacken" means to make black, but so does "to black" to my ears. I have added two more meanings. SemperBlotto 07:34, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've heard it used as "to black" when it's done with candle black, "black your swords, men; you don't want the enemy to see them." Of course, that was all in the context of RPGs, so it might be intentionally/artificially archaic. Jeffqyzt 13:06, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. All these senses are used in UK. --Enginear 17:43, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Added cites for "to make black" and "to apply blacking to" senses. Leaving it to someone else to add the UK-specific "blackball" sense. Jeffqyzt 16:56, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 03:52, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Hebrew forms
The word "black" have both masculine and feminine forms in Hebrew only when it is an adjective שחורה/שחור (shakhor/shkhora), not when it is a noun. Liso 19:19, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Translations of black colour
The translations of BLACK (colour) are an indiscriminate mixture of words that mean BLACK (noun = "blackness"), for example Polish, Czech, and BLACK (adjective) most other languages, but in many. This should be verified an corrected.

 * A word that is a certain part of speech may be translated into a different language by a word that is a different part of speech. This is not rare. Depending on the language pair, this phenomenon varies from occasional to almost always. —Stephen 09:10, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Etymology clarification
The etymology of the word ends with “More at bleach.” However, the etymology at “bleach” is much shorter and isn’t obviously related. (Other than mentioning vaguely similar-sounding words.) Can anyone clarify? Bogdanb 15:40, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Apparently "black" and "bleach" are believed to share the same Proto-Indo-European root. See Online Etymology Dictionary. DCDuring TALK 20:26, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

Derogatory "synonym"
Pejorative words should not be listed as synonyms, but as related terms of "black", since there is an added meaning to them. See how "nigger"'s synonyms are all derogatory, as they should be. --Isa2012 (talk) 05:16, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The "Related terms" section is for terms related etymologically (per WT:ELE). Pejorative synonyms are synonyms also: if they have the same meaning except that that they are pejorative, then they belong in the "Synonyms" section marked ; if they have a more restricted meaning, then they belong in the "Hyponyms" section. (See WT:NYMS.) —msh210℠ (talk) 07:13, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

the black of space
A comment by Equinox about white made me wonder whether our noun section currently covers something like "the black of space". Probably this is intended to be covered by "Part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black"? But then I wonder if that definition should be reworded to be closer to the corresponding definition at white, "Anything that is of the color [X]", or the other way around. Does something have to have other parts which are of a different colour in order to be referred to as "the black"? I doubt it. - -sche (discuss) 08:50, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

RFC discussion: June–July 2020
The derived terms need to be separated by part of speech with a "Derived terms" header under each part of speech. See also User talk:J3133. J3133 (talk) 21:22, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅. Some of them were hard to parse though, so I'd appreciate someone else taking a look. Derived colors with adjective and noun senses I determined to be derived from both parts of speech. I lost access to the OED so I can't check dates on which came first. Ultimateria (talk) 18:54, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

how to word (and add) the African-specific sense
We have two broad senses: These are real (though possibly dated, at least in the US?), though they may need tweaking if light-skinned members of such ethnic groups would still have been considered members of the groups and thus black. (Should it be "...any of various ethnic groups typically having dark pigmentation..."?) However, we're surprisingly missing what is now the usual sense (in my experience, especially in the US), whereby black refers only to people of African descent (including indirect African descent, like ), including light-skinned black people, whereby other groups like Aborigines and Maoris are not black. Indeed, our entry on the term nigger uses this sense in the definition, when it correctly considers "a black person" and "a member of any typically dark-skinned people" to be separate senses. How should this sense of black be worded? It's not quite "Of or relating to people of African descent", nor even "...of dark-skinned African descent", because the average Egyptian Arab is not black, a white South African (of however many generations) is not black, and Berbers (even though dark-skinned and African) are not black. Maybe something like "Of or descended from any of various typically dark-skinned ethnic groups of sub-Saharan Africa"? That's a wordy (and still maybe not quite it); can anyone do better? Dictionary.com and Merriam-Webster's attempts to cover the use of black to refer to people are even clumsier, IMO. (For example, Dictionary.com has "African American" as a sense, but I can't imagine there's any situation in which only an African American but not a black African would be "black".) - -sche (discuss) 22:00, 17 March 2021 (UTC)
 * adj. "Of or relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin."
 * n. "A person of African, Aborigine, or Maori descent; a dark-skinned person."

 * According to there's a long history of the word being applied to Aboriginal Australians. I'm not sure about other dark-skinned ethnic groups, but it bears looking in to. I don't think the addition of typically is really necessary. When we talk about any ethnic group having some trait, I think it's automatically understood that said trait doesn't apply to literally every person in that group. Or, to take a different example, we might say that polar bears are mammals with sharp teeth that live in the far north, even though undoubtedly some polar bears live in zoos in California, and there are maybe some poor senescent ones out there whose teeth are worn down to nubs. Colin M (talk) 05:32, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I would recommend that you all get some input/feedback from Black people. We might be able to guide you in questions of blackness. — Dentonius

 * So I guess with that logic, Black users should only have a say in entries about themselves, Caucasians about themselves, Asians about themselves and so on and so forth until nobody edits anything around here. Of course it is desirable to get as much versatile input as possible from people who know what they're talking about, but that is unfortunately not how the real world works. Minorities are seriously underrepresented in every Wikimedia project. How are we supposed to know the ethnicity, sexual orientation, experience, etc., of any given user in order to decide if they should have a say or not? This is the Internet, as far as I know you could just as well be Chet Hanks living his best life. --Robbie SWE (talk) 19:15, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I wanted to add my 2c regarding this, but I saw the n-word again here and realised it's completely pointless. Carry on. — Dentonius 19:21, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I asked a number of other Black people, and I'm hopeful they'll provide input as to what the definition should be; of course, not every person is or should be expected to be a teacher or a lexicographer, which is why I also asked here where dictionary-editors would respond. :) The feedback I've gotten so far, and books I've found, confirm what I said above and what Colin said about the broad sense being real, and also confirm US use is narrower. The US [//www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html Census] defines Black as "having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa", which is circular but limits it to Africans; recent publications by the US relating to the census will thus use the term this way, and other sources confirm Maoris are Pacific Islanders. [//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/mixed/onedrop.html This American PBS piece] also says that in a US context Black means being, or being descended from, African(s). I also located a scholarly discussion about this:
 * 2000, Mark Williams, "Ethnicity and Authenticity", in Comparative Literary Dimensions: Essays in Honor of Melvin J. Friedman, edited by Melvin J. Friedman, Jay L. Halio, Ben Siegel, University of Delaware Press (ISBN 9780874137156), page 194:
 * "Black" means very different things in different places. In America the word black usually means descended from Africa; East Indians are not generally defined as black there. In Britain, however, Asians often designate themselves as black. In New Zealand, Maori radicals sometimes use the world because it points to their difference from the dominant white culture in terms conveniently binary. Even vaguer uses of the word can be seen, such as the expression "Black Irish," which refers to Irish people supposedly descended from Spanish sailors, or " Black Maoris," who are believed by other Maoris to be descended from black sailors who jumped ship in the northern parts of New Zealand in the early contact period.
 * Is it better to add a separate definition / subsense for US use or explain the different uses in a usage note, or both? (If we don't separate US use, it becomes more important to revise the existing definition, because when we're talking about the application of the word to skin colour, saying it means "dark-skinned" and just assuming readers will know we don't actually mean that  means "dark-skinned", and will know it actually includes a significant portion of light-skinned people, is...worse than just providing a better definition.) - -sche (discuss) 22:38, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

Adjectival uses relating to skin colour that possibly aren’t covered
If someone is described as having ‘black blood’ as a way of saying they’re black or partially of black descent then their blood belongs to them, not the genetic or racial group that they represent, so would we say this is covered by the following sense: ‘#  Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.’?

What about if someone goes into a room full of black (by whichever definition) people and says: “It’s very black in here!”? If the room in question isn’t actually owned by a black person or a black organisation then it can’t strictly be said to ‘belong’ to black people, then is this the same sense?

Perhaps I’m being a bit pedantic here though, in which case we should probably add quotations where blood and a room/place is described as being black to our existing sense to cover this? Overlordnat1 (talk) 05:16, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * You could apply both of those examples to basically any adjective related to race, ethnicity, or nationality. The second example could be used with an even wider range of identities. (We could imagine something like "it's very trans in here!".) 70.172.194.25 05:26, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * That’s true, although the definition at ‘trans’ does say ‘or pertaining to such people’, which may be a possible work-around here. Overlordnat1 (talk) 05:55, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I'm not convinced there's an issue with the definition as far as the "black blood" example goes; you could also say someone has "black features" or even outright say and I would not take belong to mean "be the property of". (Our definitions at belong do need work, though; the first part of sense 2 is "To be part of" but then the usex is "That house belongs to me"? Oof.) I would also interpret blood as being used similar to how it's used in Walter Scott's "to share the blood of Saxon royalty", which we have as sense 2 of blood rather than sense 1 (though the definition of that sense might also need improvement to expand "family" to include "ancestry"). So I would not interpret the statement "so-and-so has [some] black blood", or "Chinese blood", or "Jewish blood" (etc, since as the IP said any racial or nationality term can be plugged in here) as saying they possess hemoglobin-having liquid that is owned by dark-skinned African people, unless the context were recovering things stolen from Nigeria's national blood bank.
 * I'm unsure whether "it's very black in here" requires changes to be made; as the IP says, many things can be plugged in there: I can also find e.g. "very lesbian in here", a space or response (etc) can be "very white", or a, etc. I do notice that many other entries like Russian and even white use "of" rather than "belonging to"; would that help? It is possible to distinguish "a black club" in the sense of one frequented mainly by black people regardless of who owns it (the way Stonewall was a mafia-owned "gay bar") and "a black club" as in "a black-owned club" a la , but aren't those just different ways in which something "belongs to" some group? Hmm... yhere are Chinese or Ghanaian or Argentine recipes, Masai clothes and Hopi hairstyles that these groups don't legally "own", and that are still Ghanaian recipes even if I cook them. (Perhaps it is belong that needs the most reworking? I don't actually object to adding "pertaining to", though, unless someone can think of any problems it would introduce.)
 * - -sche (discuss) 19:17, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:black


text:
Talk:blue

Need to separate n and adj translations

What is this? "Multilingual links - * Russian: blue colour колыбели (of cradle)" — Paul G 11:26, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

blue

 * 1) There are two senses of "blue" relating to the Democratic party:
 * 2) Of states or other political entities, tending to vote for the Democratic Party.
 * 3) Of or pertaining to the Democratic Party.
 * The second sense is the one I don't get. Could someone produce some cites or some ideas where I might find a high proportion of qualifying quotes with just that sense?
 * 1) There is also a long-winded derivation of the sense meaning "sad" that says that it comes from a nautical practice. I don't yet found a source for that. Anyone? DCDuring 22:03, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
 * According to Online Etymology Dictionary blue has had the sense "low-spirited" since 1385, but it does not give any explanation. Hekaheka 23:19, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If that proves out, then we may have explained why ships had blue flags when their captain died, instead of having to accept the nautical "etymology" of the "sad" sense. Thanks. DCDuring 23:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

about the blue flag - it did not mean a captains death from what I have found, Quote:

The "general order" issued by the Secretary of the Navy, and date of May 18,1858, says:

"it is hereby ordered that, in lieu of the broad pendant now worn by Flag Officers in command of squadrons, they shall wear a plain blue flag," &c., &c. There can be no doubt that it was originally intended that the "plain blue flag" should be worn at the mainmast-head, where the "broad pendant" was worn, as the insignia of the rank afloat in any of the navies of the world--the flag of an Admiral; thereby placing, and very properly, too, our Commanders of Squadrons upon a footing with those of other nations.

Source: The New York Times, Published March 13, 1860.--BigBadBen 21:05, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

For sense 1 of blue, I think it makes little sense to define blue as "bluish", while bluish is defined as "blue". How about:

Emitting or reflecting light primarily in the 440 - 490 nm range. Drhex 21:58, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I think the word color and the image showing various shades of blue are sufficient to illustrate the concept. (Your idea is good as well, but a little too technical). Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 22:22, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

distance
the far distance (informal) he disappeared off into the blue Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:08, 20 February 2020 (UTC)
 * That sounds to me like grounds for adding, as per , rather than a new definition for "blue". -Stelio (talk) 17:59, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:blue


text:
smegma

Etymology
From, borrowed from , alternative form of , from.

Noun

 * 1) A whitish sebaceous secretion that collects between the glans penis and foreskin or in the vulva.

Synonyms

 * , cock cheese, dick cheese , knob cheese

Translations

 * Arabic: لَخَن
 * Armenian: սմեգմա
 * Basque: esmegma
 * Belarusian: смегма
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian: смегма
 * Catalan: esmegma
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 包皮垢
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: smegma
 * Danish: nakkeost, smegma
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: esinahkatali
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: शिश्नमल
 * Icelandic: reðurfarði, limfarði,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, チンカス
 * Korean: 귀두(龜頭)지, 치구(恥垢), 스메그마, 좆밥
 * Lithuanian: smegma
 * Macedonian: смегма, урда
 * Maltese: ġobon il-ġarretta
 * Maori: paraheka, ngahu
 * Polish: mastka
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: smemma, smegma, ricotta
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, , kukost
 * Tagalog:, hima
 * Thai: ขี้เปียก
 * Turkish: smegma
 * Ukrainian: смегма
 * Vietnamese:, bựa sinh dục,
 * West Frisian: smegma
 * Yiddish: סמעגמע, שמוּק שמוּץ

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) smegma

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) smegma

Etymology
From, alternative spelling of , from.

Noun

 * 1) ointment

Etymology
Borrowed from, alternative form of , from.

title: smegma


text:
janvier

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) January

Descendants

 * South Azerbaijani:
 * South Azerbaijani:
 * South Azerbaijani:
 * South Azerbaijani:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) January month

title: janvier


text:
acerbic

Etymology
Attested since the 17th century, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Tasting sour or bitter.
 * 2)  Sharp, harsh, biting.
 * 1)  Sharp, harsh, biting.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:, , acerb
 * Danish: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, , , acerb
 * Danish: syrlig, mopset
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: kärkevä;, ,
 * German:, , , , ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

title: acerbic


text:
acerbitude

Etymology
, from

Noun

 * 1)  Sourness and harshness; acerbity.

title: acerbitude


text:
amarezza

Etymology
From, or from a , from.

Noun

 * 1) bitterness
 * 2)  bitterness, acerbity, sadness
 * 3) troubles, sorrows

title: amarezza


text:
amargura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bitterness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bitterness
 * 2) sorrow
 * 3)  unpleasantness
 * 1)  unpleasantness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) acerbity, bitterness
 * 2) sorrow
 * 1) sorrow

title: amargura


text:
Appendix:Surnames/C

Caa-Caz

 * Caarels
 * Cabal
 * Caballe
 * Caballero
 * Cabanes
 * Cabb
 * Cabel
 * Cabello
 * Cabot
 * Cabott
 * Cabout
 * Cabral
 * Cabrel
 * Cabrera
 * Cabrerizo
 * Cabrinha
 * Cacciotti
 * Cachern
 * Cachet
 * Caddick
 * Caddy
 * Cadell
 * Cadi
 * Cado
 * Cadogan
 * Cadovius
 * Cadrera
 * Cadwell
 * Caecilius
 * Caeckaert
 * Caesar
 * Caetani
 * Caetano
 * Caeyers
 * Cafarella
 * Cafer
 * Cafera
 * Caffey
 * Caffney
 * Caffrey
 * Cage
 * Caglar
 * Caglayan
 * Cagney
 * Cagnie
 * Cahen
 * Cahoon
 * Cahyana
 * Cahil
 * Cahill
 * Cahn
 * Cai
 * Cài
 * Caid
 * Caillat
 * Caille
 * Caillet
 * Cain
 * Caine
 * Cairn
 * Cairns
 * Cairo
 * Cairo
 * Caitlin
 * Caitlyn
 * Caiza
 * Cajsdotter
 * Cako
 * Calabrese
 * Calabro
 * Calam
 * Calamy
 * Calapez
 * Calarco
 * Calaway
 * Calce
 * Calder
 * Calderoli
 * Calderon
 * Caldicott
 * Caldwell
 * Cale
 * Caleb
 * Calero
 * Cales
 * Calf
 * Calhoun
 * Calì
 * Calil
 * Calis
 * Calisse
 * Calista
 * Calister
 * Call
 * Callaars
 * Callaghan
 * Callahan
 * Callas
 * Callaway
 * Callebaut
 * Callens
 * Calley
 * Callie
 * Callisen
 * Callista
 * Callister
 * Callow
 * Calloway
 * Callum
 * Calment
 * Calmer
 * Calon
 * Cals
 * Calvano
 * Calvari
 * Calvelli
 * Calver
 * Calverley
 * Calvert
 * Calvet
 * Calvi
 * Calvijn
 * Calvin
 * Calvo
 * Calway
 * Camacho
 * Camancho
 * Camara
 * Camarena
 * Cambre
 * Cambren
 * Cambria
 * Camby
 * Camden
 * Camelia
 * Camellia
 * Cameron
 * Camerton
 * Cames
 * Camila
 * Camilla
 * Camille
 * Camiz
 * Cammans
 * Cammel
 * Cammingha
 * Cammy
 * Camon
 * Camp
 * Campaert
 * Campanaro
 * Campanella
 * Campanello
 * Campari
 * Campbell
 * Câmpeanu
 * Campeau
 * Campendonk
 * Camper
 * Campert
 * Campeotto
 * Campfens
 * Campfers
 * Campi
 * Campion
 * Campman
 * Campo
 * Campofrio
 * Campoli
 * Campone
 * Campos
 * Camps
 * Campton
 * Can
 * Canalea
 * Canalis
 * Canary
 * Canavan
 * Canaven
 * Cancelli
 * Cancelo
 * Candan
 * Candel
 * Candela
 * Candelaria
 * Candell
 * Candi
 * Candia
 * Candida
 * Candido
 * Candis
 * Candolino
 * Candotti
 * Candra
 * Candyce
 * Cane
 * Canek
 * Canella
 * Canelle
 * Canet
 * Canetti
 * Caniello
 * Cañizares
 * Cannadine
 * Cannell
 * Canning
 * Canninga
 * Cannold
 * Cannon
 * Cano
 * Canoli
 * Canon
 * Cantens
 * Canter
 * Cantor
 * Cantrell
 * Cantrijn
 * Cantu
 * Canup
 * Canyon
 * Cao
 * Caouissin
 * Capaldi
 * Capart
 * Capel
 * Capell
 * Capella
 * Capelle
 * Capello
 * Capetanos
 * Capilano
 * Capili
 * Capina
 * Capitano
 * Capizzi
 * Caplan
 * Caplano
 * Caplanos
 * Caplanus
 * Capo
 * Capodistrano
 * Capolicchio
 * Capone
 * Capote
 * Cappadocia
 * Cappers
 * Cappetti
 * Capps
 * Caprell
 * Caprice
 * Caprio
 * Capron
 * Capshaw
 * Capstick
 * Caputo
 * Car
 * Cara
 * Caracciolo
 * Caramanlis
 * Carandotti
 * Carapic
 * Caras
 * Carasso
 * Carausius
 * Caravaglio
 * Caravan
 * Carazo
 * Carbery
 * Carbone
 * Cardamone
 * Cardello
 * Cardella
 * Cardellini
 * Cardenas
 * Cardin
 * Cardino
 * Cardon
 * Cardone
 * Cardós
 * Cardoso
 * Cardozo
 * Cardwell
 * Carell
 * Carella
 * Carelle
 * Carelli
 * Carels
 * Carelsz
 * Careman
 * Caren
 * Carey
 * Cargill
 * Carhart
 * Carhartt
 * Cari
 * Caria
 * Cariati
 * Caridad
 * Caridis
 * Carie
 * Carillho
 * Carina
 * Carinci
 * Carinhosos
 * Caris
 * Carisa
 * Carissa
 * Carlambert
 * Carle
 * Carlee
 * Carleen
 * Carlén
 * Carles
 * Carleton
 * Carleti
 * Carley
 * Carli
 * Carlier
 * Carlin
 * Carline
 * Carlini
 * Carling
 * Carlisle
 * Carlita
 * Carlman
 * Carlo
 * Carlos
 * Carlota
 * Carloto
 * Carlotta
 * Carlotti
 * Carlqvist
 * Carlsen
 * Carlson
 * Carlsson
 * Carlton
 * Carlyle
 * Carma
 * Carman
 * Carmean
 * Carmel
 * Carmelia
 * Carmelina
 * Carmelita
 * Carmelitano
 * Carmella
 * Carmen
 * Carmesin
 * Carmichael
 * Carmichel
 * Carmiggelt
 * Carminatti
 * Carmody
 * Carnack
 * Carnagie
 * Carnahan
 * Carne
 * Carnegie
 * Carney
 * Carnline
 * Caro
 * Carol
 * Carola
 * Carole
 * Carolee
 * Carolei
 * Carolina
 * Caroll
 * Carolus
 * Caron
 * Carpaccio
 * Carpenter
 * Carpentier
 * Carpio
 * Carr
 * Carra
 * Carradine
 * Carragher
 * Carras
 * Carratello
 * Carrell
 * Carrelli
 * Carreon
 * Carrera
 * Carrey
 * Carrick
 * Carrie
 * Carrier
 * Carriera
 * Carrilho
 * Carrillo
 * Carrington
 * Carris
 * Carroll
 * Carsley
 * Carson
 * Carsten
 * Cartee
 * Cartellini
 * Carter
 * Cartier
 * Cartieri
 * Cartmell
 * Carton
 * Cartwright
 * Carty
 * Caruso
 * Caruto
 * Carver
 * Cary
 * Casagrande
 * Casale
 * Casalini
 * Casalino
 * Cascella
 * Cascione
 * Case
 * Casey
 * Cash
 * Cashian
 * Casiano
 * Casillas
 * Casimir
 * Casimiri
 * Casner
 * Caso
 * Caspar
 * Caspari
 * Casper
 * Caspers
 * Cass
 * Cassander
 * Cassar
 * Cassara
 * Cassatt
 * Cassel
 * Cassell
 * Casset
 * Cassett
 * Cassiar
 * Cassias
 * Cassibo
 * Cassidy
 * Cassiers
 * Cassimatis
 * Cassin
 * Cassini
 * Cassy
 * Castaldo
 * Castelijn
 * Castaglioni
 * Castano
 * Castaneda
 * Castaneta
 * Castanetta
 * Castartelli
 * Carstea
 * Casteel
 * Castell
 * Castellan
 * Castellano
 * Castellanos
 * Castelli
 * Castello
 * Caster
 * Castien
 * Castile
 * Castilho
 * Castillo
 * Castillon
 * Castle
 * Castor
 * Castorius
 * Castricci
 * Castricone
 * Castricum
 * Castro
 * Cat
 * Catalani
 * Catalena
 * Catalina
 * Catano
 * Catanzariti
 * Catanzaro
 * Catarina
 * Catelli
 * Cater
 * Catera
 * Cates
 * Cathalina
 * Cathcart
 * Cathern
 * Cathey
 * Cathou
 * Cathrine
 * Cathy
 * Catina
 * Catlin
 * Cato
 * Catolico
 * Cats
 * Catskill
 * Catt
 * Cattaneo
 * Cattell
 * Cattini
 * Cattrall
 * Catz
 * Cau
 * Caudill
 * Caugh
 * Caughey
 * Caulay
 * Cauley
 * Caupian
 * Causevic
 * Cautaerts
 * Cauwels
 * Cavadini
 * Cavalho
 * Cavalli
 * Cavallieri
 * Cavallin
 * Cavanagh
 * Cavanaugh
 * Cavani
 * Cave
 * Cavendish
 * Cavic
 * Cavusoglu
 * Cawley
 * Caxton
 * Cay
 * Cayden
 * Cayetano
 * Cayn
 * Cayne
 * Cazalete
 * Cazemier
 * Cazenove

Cea-Cez

 * Ceausescu
 * Ceauşescu
 * Ceber
 * Cebrian
 * Cecca
 * Cecere
 * Čech
 * Cecil
 * Cecilio
 * Cecily
 * Cecchi
 * Cecco
 * Cecconi
 * Cecora
 * Cedergren
 * Ceelen
 * Ceglia
 * Ceha
 * Ceiling
 * Ceitano
 * Cejka
 * Cela
 * Celenk
 * Celestina
 * Celie
 * Celik
 * Çelik
 * Celine
 * Céline
 * Celis
 * Cellarius
 * Celletti
 * Celli
 * Cellini
 * Cello
 * Celovani
 * Cels
 * Celsius
 * Cemalovic
 * Cena
 * Cenanovic
 * Ceni
 * Cenk
 * Centeno
 * Centi
 * Centro
 * Ceola
 * Cephus
 * Cepic
 * Ceragioli
 * Ceraolo
 * Cercando
 * Cerenza
 * Cerezo
 * Cergie
 * Cergy
 * Cernaj
 * Cernan
 * Cernauteanu
 * Cerne
 * Černjul
 * Ceron
 * Cerone
 * Cerro
 * Cerutti
 * Cerve
 * Cervantes
 * Cervera
 * Cervini
 * Cesar
 * César
 * Cesare
 * Cesarini
 * Cesin
 * Çesmeli
 * Cetin
 * Çetin
 * Cetrino
 * Ceulemans
 * Cevat
 * Ceylan
 * Cezari

Cha-Chz

 * Cha
 * Chaara
 * Chaban
 * Chabat
 * Chabin
 * Chabrani
 * Chacon
 * Chad
 * Chadburn
 * Chadli
 * Chadway
 * Chadwick
 * Chaffins
 * Chag
 * Chahal
 * Chahar
 * Chahine
 * Chai
 * Chaivre
 * Chakabarthi
 * Chakir
 * Chakkanat
 * Chakla
 * Chakravarti
 * Chakravorty
 * Chakrawar
 * Chakvetadze
 * Chaleesa
 * Chalfie
 * Chalker
 * Chakoram
 * Challoner
 * Chalmers
 * Chalos
 * Chalter
 * Cham
 * Chamakh
 * Chamberlain
 * Chambers
 * Chamman
 * Champagne
 * Champion
 * Champlain
 * Champois
 * Chan
 * Ch'an
 * Chana
 * Chance
 * Chandel
 * Chandia
 * Chandjain
 * Chandler
 * Chandra
 * Chandramohan
 * Chandran
 * Chandrangam
 * Chandrasekaran
 * Chandre
 * Chanel
 * Chaney
 * Chang
 * Chang-Yong
 * Channelle
 * Channing
 * Channon
 * Chant
 * Chantery
 * Chao
 * Chao Kang Tai
 * Chaos
 * Chaoufi
 * Chapel
 * Chapelle
 * Chaplin
 * Chapin
 * Chapman
 * Chappell
 * Char
 * Charaf
 * Charalambous
 * Charania
 * Charapotra
 * Charciuk
 * Chard
 * Chardon
 * Charaf
 * Charania
 * Charbonier
 * Chardin
 * Chardon
 * Charoenchai
 * Chatham
 * Charif
 * Charisse
 * Charissiadis
 * Charisteas
 * Charitou
 * Charles
 * Charlesworth
 * Charlier
 * Charline
 * Charlotta
 * Charlton
 * Charms
 * Charney
 * Charra
 * Charradi
 * Charriere
 * Charriez
 * Charris
 * Charteris
 * Chartrand
 * Chase
 * Chassidy
 * Chatbi
 * Chatelin
 * Chatham
 * Chatib
 * Chaturthi
 * Chatman
 * Chatney
 * Chatran
 * Chatron
 * Chatterjee
 * Chatterji
 * Chaturvedi
 * Chatwin
 * Chatziantoniou
 * Chatzivretta f
 * Chatzivrettas f
 * Chatzidimitriou
 * Chatzikyriakou
 * Chatzigeorgiou
 * Chatzipanagiotou
 * Chatzipetrou
 * Chatzivasileiou
 * Chaudhary
 * Chaudhry
 * Chaudron
 * Chaudry
 * Chauhan
 * Chaundy
 * Chauthi
 * Chavan
 * Chaves
 * Chavez
 * Châvez
 * Chávez
 * Chawla
 * Chay
 * Chayes
 * Che
 * Cheadle
 * Cheatham
 * Chebaa
 * Chebret
 * Chebti
 * Checksfield
 * Chedal
 * Chedi
 * Chedid
 * Chee
 * Cheema
 * Cheeseman
 * Cheevus
 * Chein
 * Chekchar
 * Chekjalil
 * Chelladurai
 * Chelliah
 * Chellini
 * Chelmer
 * Chemic
 * Che Musa
 * Chen
 * Chenault
 * Cheney
 * Cheng
 * Chenoweth
 * Chentouf
 * Cheok
 * Cher
 * Chereches
 * Cherenson
 * Chergui
 * Cherian
 * Chérif
 * Cherifi
 * Cherkaoui
 * Cherrits
 * Cherry
 * Cherryl
 * Cheraghchi
 * Chernin
 * Cheron
 * Chery
 * Chesik
 * Cheskin
 * Chesney
 * Chessels
 * Chester
 * Chesterton
 * Cheu
 * Cheuk
 * Cheung
 * Chevatokevitch
 * Chewey
 * Cheyne
 * Cheyney
 * Chi
 * Chia
 * Chiabia
 * Chiam
 * Chiang
 * Chianti
 * Chiara
 * Chiarelli
 * Chiari
 * Chibi
 * Chibnall
 * Chicharro
 * ChiChé
 * Chico
 * Chidalenga
 * Chidalengwa
 * Chielens
 * Chien
 * Chietti
 * Chiguay
 * Chikawa
 * Chikhi
 * Chikri
 * Childerley
 * Childers
 * Childress
 * Childs
 * Chilkow
 * Chillingworth
 * Chilton
 * Chimbalanga
 * Chimbiya
 * Chimedza
 * Chimez
 * Chin
 * Chin-A-Sen
 * Chin-A-Tsoi
 * Ching
 * Chinmai
 * Chinn
 * Chin Woei Nap
 * Chioran
 * Chiow
 * Chipeur
 * Chipkar
 * Chirac
 * Chirbes
 * Chirisa
 * Chirouf
 * Chishchilly
 * Chissie
 * Chitriv
 * Chitrow
 * Chiu
 * Chivu
 * Chkhenkeli
 * Chmilar
 * Cho
 * Chocolaad
 * Chodorovski
 * Choekyi
 * Choeyin
 * Choezom
 * Choi
 * Choibalsan
 * Chol
 * Choma
 * Chomsky
 * Chong
 * Choo
 * Choosaneh
 * Chopin
 * Chopra
 * Choquet
 * Chorghe
 * Choridou
 * Chorus
 * Chôshû
 * Chou
 * Choudhary
 * Choudhury
 * Chouhan
 * Chouk
 * Choukri
 * Choules
 * Chow
 * Chowdhury
 * Chowmei
 * Choynski
 * Chrabaszcz
 * Chretien
 * Chrisman
 * Chrispijn
 * Christ
 * Christe
 * Christel
 * Christen
 * Christensen
 * Christensson
 * Christiaan
 * Christiaans
 * Christiaanse
 * Christiaens
 * Christian
 * Christians
 * Christiansen
 * Christianson
 * Christie
 * Christmas
 * Christodolou
 * Christoffel
 * Christoffersen
 * Christoffersson
 * Christofle
 * Christoforou
 * Christophe
 * Christopher
 * Christopherson
 * Chronis
 * Chrysalis
 * Chryson
 * Chrysson
 * Chu
 * Chubbuck
 * Chubbs
 * Chudjakov
 * Chugtai
 * Chuh
 * Chui
 * Chuji
 * Chun
 * Chung
 * Church
 * Churchiez
 * Churchill
 * Churchyard
 * Chvatal

Cia-Ciz

 * Cia
 * Cialdella
 * Ciambor
 * Ciampa
 * Ciampaglio
 * Ciancelli
 * Ciancio
 * Ciano
 * Cibelli
 * Cibulkova
 * Cibulková
 * Cicek
 * Cicero
 * CICERO
 * Ciceu
 * Cicco
 * Ciccolella
 * Ciccolini
 * Ciccone
 * Cichelli
 * Cicovacki
 * Cicretto
 * Cielo
 * Ciera
 * Cierra
 * Cihan
 * Cihangir
 * Cikotic
 * Cilasevic
 * Cilic
 * Cillekens
 * Çiller
 * Cillessen
 * Cilman
 * Cilmi
 * Ciluffo
 * Cimen
 * Cingolani
 * Cinguetti
 * Ciobanu
 * Cioffi
 * Ciorcirlan
 * Ciperreck
 * Cippo
 * Cippolini
 * Cippolone
 * Ciprelli
 * Cipriano
 * Cirakovic
 * Ciriaci
 * Cireasa
 * Cirech
 * Cirelli
 * Cirilli
 * Cirio
 * Ciro
 * Cirus
 * Cisca
 * Cismas
 * Cisneros
 * Cissé
 * Ciszewska
 * Citroen
 * Citroën
 * Citti
 * Ciufo
 * Ciulo
 * Civichino
 * Čižková

Cla-Clz

 * Claas
 * Claase
 * Claasen
 * Claassen
 * Claddagh
 * Claes
 * Claessen
 * Claessens
 * Claeys
 * Claesz
 * Clah
 * Clair
 * Claire
 * Clamp
 * Clancey
 * Clang
 * Clapham
 * Clapp
 * Clappers
 * Clapton
 * Clardij
 * Clare
 * Claren
 * Clarett
 * Claridge
 * Clarijs
 * Clarin
 * Clarín
 * Clarissa
 * Clark
 * Clarke
 * Clarkson
 * Claro
 * Claros
 * Clarry
 * Clary
 * Clasie
 * Clasquin
 * Class
 * Classen
 * Claud
 * Claude
 * Claudel
 * Claudia
 * Claus
 * Clauschillage
 * Clausechee
 * Clausen
 * Claussen
 * Claw
 * Clavel
 * Claverton
 * Clavo
 * Claxton
 * Clay
 * Claycombe
 * Claydon
 * Claypole
 * Claypool
 * Clayton
 * Clazing
 * Cleary
 * Cleaton
 * Cleave
 * Cleaver
 * Cleere
 * Cleeren
 * Cleeves
 * Clegg
 * Clein
 * Cleland
 * Clelland
 * Clemence
 * Clémence
 * Clemenceau
 * Clemens
 * Clement
 * Clément
 * Clemente
 * Clémente
 * Clementi
 * Clémenti
 * Clementine
 * Clementini
 * Clementoni
 * Clements
 * Clemmensen
 * Clemmons
 * Clemons
 * Clennam
 * Cleod
 * Clerc
 * Clercq
 * Clerval
 * Cleton
 * Cleveland
 * Clevén
 * Clevering
 * Cleveringa
 * Clevers
 * Cleyndert
 * Cliff
 * Clifford
 * Clift
 * Clifton
 * Clijnk
 * Clijsters
 * Cline
 * Clinningham
 * Clint
 * Clinton
 * Clissen
 * Clitso
 * Clive
 * Cloag
 * Clock
 * Cloesmeijer
 * Cloetens
 * Cloonan
 * Clooney
 * Cloose
 * Close
 * Cloud
 * Clough
 * Clous
 * Clout
 * Cloutier
 * Clover
 * Clovis
 * Cloyd
 * Clunes
 * Clunie
 * Clusius
 * Clusky
 * Cluton
 * Clutter
 * Cluxton
 * Cluzet
 * Cly
 * Clyde
 * Clymer

Coa-Coz

 * כנצן
 * Cna'an
 * Cnossen
 * Coakley
 * Coates
 * Cobain
 * Çoban
 * Çobanoğlu
 * Cobb
 * Cobban
 * Cobben
 * Cobbing
 * Cobbs
 * Cobblet
 * Cobelens
 * Coben
 * Cobbett
 * Cobham
 * Coblens
 * Coblett
 * Cobo
 * Cobos
 * Coburg
 * Cocciante
 * Coch
 * Cocheton
 * Cochran
 * Cochrane
 * Cociş
 * Cock
 * Cocker
 * Cockings
 * Cockerton
 * Cockney
 * Cocks
 * Cocoyer
 * Cocq
 * Cocu
 * Cocuk
 * Coddington
 * Codrea
 * Cody
 * Coe
 * Coelen
 * Coelewij
 * Coelho
 * Coen
 * Coenders
 * Coene
 * Coenen
 * Coenraad
 * Coenraads
 * Coenradie
 * Coenraetsz
 * Coens
 * Coers
 * Coerse
 * Coerten
 * Coerts
 * Coesel
 * Coesmans
 * Coessens
 * Coetzee
 * Coffee
 * Coffeng
 * Coffey
 * Coffin
 * Coffman
 * Cofinova
 * Cogan
 * Cogburn
 * Coggin
 * Coghlan
 * Cognetti
 * כֹהֵן
 * Cohen
 * Cohn
 * Coira
 * Cokeliss
 * Coker
 * Cokes
 * Colantoni
 * Colart
 * Colas
 * Colau
 * Colavecchia
 * Colbers
 * Colbert
 * Colbie
 * Colbourne
 * Colbrant
 * Colbron
 * Colby
 * Cold
 * Coldwell
 * Cole
 * Coleby
 * Colell
 * Colella
 * Coleman
 * Colemann
 * Coléon
 * Coleridge
 * Coles
 * Colett
 * Coletta
 * Colette
 * Coletti
 * Coley
 * Colgan
 * Colicky
 * Colijn
 * Colin
 * Colins
 * Colish
 * Coll
 * Colla
 * Collado
 * Collard
 * Collector
 * Collen
 * Collens
 * Collet
 * Collett
 * Collette
 * Colletton
 * Collewijn
 * Colley
 * Collier
 * Collin
 * Collina
 * Colling
 * Collingwood
 * Collins
 * Collinson
 * Collison
 * Colliston
 * Collmer
 * Collodi
 * Collum
 * Colly
 * Colman
 * Colmar
 * Colnagli
 * Colombeen
 * Colombo
 * Colomina
 * Colon
 * Colón
 * Colonetti
 * Colonial
 * Colridge
 * Colson
 * Colton
 * Coltrane
 * Colombeen
 * Colombi
 * Colomina
 * Colonna
 * Colosimo
 * Colpa
 * Colquhoun
 * Colson
 * Coltrane
 * Columbo
 * Columbus
 * Colucci
 * Coluccio
 * Colvin
 * Colwell
 * Comar
 * Comber
 * Combs
 * Comeau
 * Comencii
 * Comeneci
 * Comer
 * Comfort
 * Cominelli
 * Comins
 * Comiso
 * Commandeur
 * Commeyne
 * Commisso
 * Como
 * Companje
 * Compeer
 * Compton
 * Comvalius
 * Con
 * Conan
 * Conanan
 * Conant
 * Conard
 * Conchie
 * Concalves
 * Conçalves
 * Conceicao
 * Conchran
 * Conchrane
 * Concklin
 * Corcoran
 * Condell
 * Condello
 * Condon
 * Condottori
 * Condren
 * Conemans
 * Conen
 * Coneybear
 * Confer
 * Conforti
 * Confurius
 * Cong
 * Conghao
 * Conijn
 * Coninck
 * Conklin
 * Conlan
 * Conley
 * Conlon
 * Conn
 * Connell
 * Connelly
 * Conner
 * Conners
 * Connery
 * Connett
 * Connick
 * Conniff
 * Conningham
 * Connolly
 * Connon
 * Connor
 * Connors
 * Conor
 * Conors
 * Conrad
 * Conradi
 * Conradie
 * Conradt
 * Conrady
 * Conroy
 * Conscience
 * Considine
 * Constabile
 * Constaed
 * Constancia
 * Constandse
 * Constant
 * Constantin
 * Constantine
 * Constantinides
 * Constantino
 * Constanze
 * Constanzo
 * Consten
 * Conte
 * Conteh
 * Contermans
 * Conti
 * Contos
 * Contador
 * Contreras
 * Contou
 * Conway
 * Conzen
 * Coobs
 * Coochs
 * Cooder
 * Coogan
 * Cook
 * Cooke
 * Cookson
 * Cool
 * Coole
 * Coolen
 * Cooley
 * Coolidge
 * Cooligen
 * Cools
 * Coolsma
 * Cooman
 * Coomans
 * Coomen
 * Coomb
 * Coombes
 * Coombs
 * Coomen
 * Coon
 * Coonan
 * Cooney
 * Coop
 * Cooper
 * Coopers
 * Coopmans
 * Coops
 * Coor
 * Coorde
 * Coors
 * Coot
 * Cope
 * Copeland
 * Copenhagen
 * Copes
 * Copley
 * Coplin
 * Copma
 * Copp
 * Coppack
 * Coppejans
 * Coppelman
 * Coppelmans
 * Coppen
 * Coppens
 * Copper
 * Coppers
 * Coppes
 * Coppi
 * Coppin
 * Coppo
 * Coppola
 * Coppolse
 * Coppoolse
 * Copps
 * Copur
 * Coquohoun
 * Coral
 * Coralie
 * Coram
 * Corapi
 * Coratelli
 * Corazzini
 * Corbain
 * Corbet
 * Corbett
 * Corbey
 * Corbière
 * Corbijn
 * Corbijns
 * Corbin
 * Corbino
 * Corby
 * Corbyn
 * Corcoran
 * Cord
 * Cordales
 * Corday
 * Cordell
 * Cordemans
 * Cordenier
 * Cordero
 * Cordes
 * Cordini
 * Cordoba
 * Cordova
 * Cordovo
 * Corea
 * Corek
 * Corel
 * Corelli
 * Coren
 * Corey
 * Corgan
 * Cori
 * Corin
 * Corina
 * Corinne
 * Coriss
 * Corkin
 * Corkum
 * Corky
 * Corlett
 * Corley
 * Corlitz
 * Cormack
 * Cormick
 * Cormier
 * Cornegge
 * Corneille
 * Cornel
 * Corneliani
 * Cornelijs
 * Cornelis
 * Corneliss
 * Cornelisse
 * Cornelissen
 * Cornelisz
 * Cornelisz.
 * Cornelius
 * Cornell
 * Cornellani
 * Cornet
 * Cornett
 * Corniel
 * Cornielje
 * Cornillie
 * Corning
 * Corno
 * Cornoli
 * Cornwall
 * Cornwallis
 * Cornyn
 * Corona
 * Coronel
 * Corpolongo
 * Corporaal
 * Corradi
 * Corrado
 * Corrazini
 * Correa
 * Correlje
 * Correljé
 * Correll
 * Correlli
 * Corridoni
 * Corrie
 * Corrigan
 * Corrinne
 * Corrino
 * Corsaletti
 * Corsen
 * Corsi
 * Corsini
 * Corso
 * Corsten
 * Corstens
 * Corstius
 * Corstjens
 * Corston
 * Corstius
 * Cort
 * Corten
 * Cortes
 * Cortés
 * Cortès
 * Cortese
 * Cortez
 * Cortino
 * Corto
 * Corton
 * Corts
 * Coruz
 * Cörüz
 * Corvers
 * Corvus
 * Corwin
 * Corwinn
 * Corwyn
 * Corwynn
 * Cory
 * Cosbie
 * Cosby
 * Coseijnse
 * Cosemans
 * Coser
 * Cosgrave
 * Cosgrove
 * Coskun
 * Coşkun
 * Cosma
 * Cosmann
 * Cosmin
 * Cosmo
 * Cossey
 * Cossen
 * Cost
 * Costa
 * Costan
 * Costanzo
 * Costas
 * Costea
 * Costelle
 * Costello
 * Costen
 * Costes
 * Coster
 * Costigan
 * Costin
 * Costner
 * Coston
 * Costopoulos m
 * Costopoulou f
 * Cote
 * Cotillard
 * Coto
 * Cotoio
 * Cott
 * Cottan
 * Cotti
 * Cotton
 * Cottrel
 * Cottrell
 * Cotterink
 * Cottyn
 * Coturay
 * Coubert
 * Coubertin
 * Couch
 * Coughlin
 * Coulomby
 * Coulson
 * Coulter
 * Coumans
 * Counet
 * Couperus
 * Coupet
 * Couprie
 * Couric
 * Courier
 * Court
 * Courtland
 * Courtnal
 * Courtnall
 * Courtney
 * Courtois
 * Coury
 * Cousijn
 * Coutard
 * Coutinho
 * Couto
 * Couwels
 * Couzens
 * Couzijn
 * Covell
 * Covello
 * Cover
 * Covers
 * Covey
 * Covic
 * Covington
 * Cowan
 * Coward
 * Cowart
 * Cowdrey
 * Cowell
 * Cowen
 * Cowhig
 * Cowley
 * Cowling
 * Cowper
 * Cowry
 * Cox
 * Coxe
 * Coxwell
 * Coy
 * Coye
 * Coyle
 * Coyley
 * Cozens
 * Cozijnsen

Cra-Crz

 * Craanen
 * Crabbe
 * Crabbé
 * Crabtree
 * Crack
 * Craft
 * Craig
 * Craighill
 * Crain
 * Crama
 * Cramer
 * Cramner
 * Crandall
 * Crane
 * Crankston
 * Crann
 * Crans
 * Cranston
 * Crapo
 * Crass
 * Craven
 * Craw
 * Crawford
 * Crawley
 * Craxi
 * Cray
 * Creaney
 * Credner
 * Creek
 * Creely
 * Creemers
 * Creighton
 * Cremer
 * Cremers
 * Cremo
 * Crenshaw
 * Crepaldi
 * Crépin
 * Crescenzi
 * Crespin
 * Crespo
 * Cressida
 * Crêt
 * Creton
 * Crets
 * Creusen
 * Creuwels
 * Crevelli
 * Crevits
 * Crew
 * Crews
 * Crewson
 * Crezee
 * Criaca
 * Criado
 * Crialese
 * Cribbins
 * Crichton
 * Crieters
 * Crilly
 * Crijns
 * Crinnion
 * Crippen
 * Crippens
 * Cris
 * Crisp
 * Crispijn
 * Criss
 * Crist
 * Cristaldi
 * Cristales
 * Cristi
 * Cristiano
 * Cristobal
 * Cristofori
 * Critchley
 * Croamun
 * Crompton
 * Crone
 * Croce
 * Crocetti
 * Crock
 * Crocker
 * Crockett
 * Croegaert
 * Croes
 * Croese
 * Croft
 * Crohn
 * Croiset
 * Croijmans
 * Crombez
 * Cromdale
 * Cromie
 * Cromlich
 * Crommelin
 * Crommelinck
 * Crowley
 * Crompton
 * Cromwell
 * Crone
 * Cronice
 * Cronie
 * Cronin
 * Cronkite
 * Crookston
 * Croonen
 * Cros
 * Crosbie
 * Crosby
 * Crosley
 * Cross
 * Crossby
 * Crosset
 * Crossett
 * Crossley
 * Crothers
 * Crouch
 * Crous
 * Crouwel
 * Crouwels
 * Crow
 * Crowder
 * Crowe
 * Crowell
 * Crowley
 * Crown
 * Crowne
 * Crowthor
 * Croydon
 * Crucke
 * Crucq
 * Cruickshank
 * Cruiming
 * Cruise
 * Crum
 * Crump
 * Cruquius
 * Cruse
 * Cruts
 * Crutzen
 * Crützen
 * Cruwys
 * Cruz
 * Cryns
 * Crystal

Csa-Csz

 * Csacska
 * Csócsi
 * Csolely
 * Csontos

Cua-Cuz

 * Cuadra
 * Cubero
 * Cuc
 * Cuccione
 * Cucharón
 * Cuconnato
 * Cuddy
 * Cuevas
 * Cugno
 * Cuhfus
 * Cui
 * Cuibin
 * Cuillandre
 * Cullen
 * Cuilenborg
 * Cukrov
 * Cukrowski
 * Culberson
 * Culbertson
 * Culio
 * Culkin
 * Cullen
 * Cullens
 * Culleton
 * Culligan
 * Cullimore
 * Culloch
 * Culpepper
 * Cullum
 * Culp
 * Culton
 * Culver
 * Culwick
 * Cumber
 * Cumberbarth
 * Cumberbatch
 * Cumberland
 * Cummins
 * Cummings
 * Cunanan
 * Cundey
 * Cunen
 * Cunha
 * Cunio
 * Cunniffe
 * Cunningham
 * Cunton
 * Cuny
 * Cuoco
 * Cup
 * Cuperus
 * Cupido
 * Cuppen
 * Cuppens
 * Curd
 * Curdts
 * Curean
 * Curfs
 * Curic
 * Curie
 * Curiel
 * Curling
 * Curran
 * Curreli
 * Curren
 * Currenti
 * Currie
 * Curry
 * Curschmann
 * Curti
 * Curtis
 * Curtiz
 * Curto
 * Cusack
 * Cushcagua
 * Cussack
 * Cussans
 * Custer
 * Custers
 * Cuthbert
 * Cuthbertson
 * Cuthill
 * Cutillo
 * Cutler
 * Cutlip
 * Cutone
 * Cutrone
 * Cuyp
 * Cuypers
 * Cvetan
 * Cvjetkovic
 * Cvijetic
 * Cvitanich
 * Cvitto

Cya-Cyz

 * Cybulski
 * Cyc
 * Cyluc
 * Cyphers
 * Cyr
 * Cyrus
 * Czeczor
 * Czerwiński
 * Czirjak
 * Czerniak
 * Czycykowski

?

 * Cyrstal
 * Czettel

Affixes

 * -cak
 * -cek
 * Chatze-
 * Chatzi-
 * -cke
 * -czyk

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

title: Appendix:Surnames/C


text:
jambe

Etymology
From, ,. .

Noun

 * 1)  A leg, of an animal or person.

Usage notes

 * Compare, which typically refers to legs of animals, especially lions.

Related terms

 * rond de jambe

Noun

 * 1)  iamb

Noun

 * 1)  iamb

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) leg

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) leg

title: jambe


text:
promontorium

Etymology
A borrowing of.

title: promontorium


text:
jambon

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A square puff pastry containing ham and cheese.

Translations

 * French: paniers feuilletés au jambon et au fromage
 * Irish:

Etymology
From, from , , ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) ham

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ham

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) ham

title: jambon


text:
harp

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A musical instrument consisting of a body and a curved neck, strung with strings of varying length that are stroked or plucked with the fingers and are vertical to the soundboard when viewed from the end of the body
 * 2) Any instrument of the same musicological type.
 * 3)  Any musical instrument.
 * 4) A harmonica.
 * 5) A struck tuned percussion instrument of metal or wooden bars, especially as a function of a theatre organ.
 * 6)  A grain sieve.
 * 7) The component of a lamp to which one attaches the lampshade, consisting of a lightweight frame that usually surrounds the bulb with an attachment at the top for the finial.
 * 1) The component of a lamp to which one attaches the lampshade, consisting of a lightweight frame that usually surrounds the bulb with an attachment at the top for the finial.

Translations

 * Albanian:, jongan,
 * Amharic: በገና
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: هارب
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: arpa
 * Belarusian: а́рфа
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 豎琴
 * Hakka: 豎琴
 * Hokkien: 徛琴
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: telyn
 * Czech:
 * Danish: harpe
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: harpo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: harpa, hørpa
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: arpe
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: არფა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hiligaynon: arpa
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian:
 * Irish: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kalmyk: ятх
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin: sambuca, harpa, psalterium
 * Latvian: arfa
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German: Harp
 * Macedonian: харфа
 * Malagasy: dokanga
 * Malay: harpa
 * Malayalam: ഹാർപ്പ്
 * Maori: hāpa, aurau
 * Marathi: तुणतुणे
 * Norman: harpe
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: harpe
 * Ottoman Turkish: چنك
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Hoap
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: clàrsach, troman, troman-ciùil
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: харфа
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: harfa
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: harfa
 * Upper Sorbian: harfa
 * Spanish:, harpa
 * Swahili: kinubi
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Telugu: హార్ప్
 * Thai: ฮาร์ป
 * Tigrinya: በገና
 * Turkish:
 * Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎐𐎗
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: بربط
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: thụ cầm, hạc cầm, đàn hạc, đàn harp
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: האַרפֿע, האַרף

Verb

 * 1)  To repeatedly mention a subject, especially so as to nag or complain.
 * 2)  To play on (a harp or similar instrument).
 * 3)  To play (a tune) on the harp.
 * 4)  To develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.
 * 1)  To play (a tune) on the harp.
 * 2)  To develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.

Synonyms

 * about

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: auf (etwas) herumreiten
 * Japanese: くどくど言う
 * Maori: kunanu
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Turkish: ısrarla belirtmek, ısrarla üzerinde durmak

Etymology
From, from , from.

Etymology
From, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  war

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) letter

title: harp


text:
grapeshot

Etymology
, named for the resemblance of the bag of shot to a bunch of grapes.

Noun

 * 1)  A cluster of small iron balls, put together in a canvas bag in order to be used as a charge for a cannon.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Belarusian: карце́ч
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: kartetš
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Traubenkartätsche,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 葡萄弾
 * Korean: 포도탄(葡萄彈)
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: картеч
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: metralla
 * Swedish: druvhagel
 * Tagalog: metralya
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: карте́ч
 * Vietnamese:
 * Zazaki: tahnebi, kerawanki

title: grapeshot


text:
Amharic

Proper noun

 * 1) A Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Amharic:
 * Arabic: أَمْهَرِيّ,
 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Faroese: amhariskt
 * Finnish:, amharan kieli
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greenlandic: amharisut
 * Gujarati: આમ્હારિક
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: अम्हारी, अम्हारी भाषा,, अम्हरी
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: Amáiris
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 암하라어
 * Maltese: Amħariku
 * Marathi: आम्हारिक
 * Moksha: амкарань
 * Navajo: Amhara Dineʼé bizaad
 * Nepali: अम्हारिक
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, amharico
 * Russian:, амха́рский язы́к
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: а̀мхарскӣ
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Sindhi: اَمهارِي
 * Somali: Amxaari, Axmaari
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Kiamhara, Kiamhari
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ภาษาอัมฮารา
 * Tigrinya: ኣምሓርኛ
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: امہاری

title: Amharic


text:
splinter

Etymology 1
From, from , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A long, sharp fragment of material, often wood.
 * 2) A small such fragment that gets embedded in the flesh.
 * 3) A group that formed by splitting off from a larger membership.
 * 4)  A double-jump bid which indicates shortage in the bid suit.
 * 5)  A fragment of a component word in a blend.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: ashclji, aschlje
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: ezpal
 * Belarusian: ска́бка, стрэ́мка
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎤᏢᏓᎸᏓ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, , odštěpek
 * Dalmatian: sčela
 * Danish: splint
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: splito
 * Estonian: ,
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, ,
 * Friulian: sclese, scae
 * Galician:, racha, , pitela, cavaco, guizo, lerca, escádea, trisca, turraca, lircha, troupecelo
 * Georgian: ხიწვი, ხიჭვი
 * German:, Splinter, ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: σχινδάλαμος
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ingrian: päre
 * Irish: scealp, scealpóg
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer: ចំរាស
 * Korean:, 지저깨비
 * Lao: ສ້ຽນ
 * Latin: assula, schidia
 * Latvian: skaida, skabarga
 * Lithuanian: drožlė, rakštis
 * Macedonian: спица, деланка, треска
 * Maori:
 * Norman: êclyi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: flis
 * Occitan: astèla,, ,
 * Old English: speld
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Spekja
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sardinian: alcia, ascia, ascra, astua, astula, schedra, schelda
 * Scots: spail, pran
 * Scottish Gaelic: spealg
 * Slovak: trieska, štiepka
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: wood, bone or metal esquirla
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: subyang
 * Tajik: параха
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ска́бка, ска́лка
 * Venetian: sgrexénda,
 * Walloon:

 * Czech:
 * Dutch: splintergroep
 * Finnish: sirpaleryhmä
 * French:
 * Galician: bandaría, bando, faución
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Lithuanian: trupinys
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: factiune, schisma
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: frakcia
 * Swedish: avknoppning, utbrytning, utbrytargrupp

Etymology 2
From the noun.

Verb

 * 1)  To come apart into long sharp fragments.
 * The tall tree splintered during the storm.
 * 1)  To cause to break apart into long sharp fragments.
 * His third kick splintered the door.
 * 1)  To break, or cause to break, into factions.
 * The government splintered when the coalition members could not agree.
 * The unpopular new policies splintered the company.
 * 1)  To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a broken limb.
 * 1)  To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a broken limb.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: разцепвам се
 * Czech: štěpit se
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, mennä säpäleiksi
 * Galician: . espitallar, lascar, lasquear
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: esfarpar
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: spealg
 * Slovak: štiepiť sa, rozštiepiť sa
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: pirstoa, lyödä säpäleiksi, panna päreiksi
 * Galician: rachar, . espitallar, lascar, lasquear
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: esfarpar
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: spealg
 * Slovak: štiepať, rozštiepať, rozbiť, rozbíjať,, rozsekať
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: odštěpit se (to break)
 * Finnish: ;
 * Italian: fare a pezzi,
 * Slovak: rozdeliť, rozdeliť sa, štiepiť, rozštiepiť, štiepiť sa, rozštiepiť sa

 * Bulgarian: шинирам
 * Finnish:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  long, sharp fragment of material

title: splinter


text:
protagonist

Etymology
From, from +. .

Noun

 * 1)  The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.
 * 2) A leading person in a contest; a principal performer.
 * 3)  An advocate or champion of a cause or course of action.
 * 1)  An advocate or champion of a cause or course of action.

Usage notes
The use of protagonist to mean a proponent or supporter of a cause is a 20th century development that may have been influenced by the misunderstanding that the first syllable of the word is the prefix pro-, meaning favouring. This usage is widely considered to be erroneous.

Translations

 * Arabic: بَطَل, بَطَلَة
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: гало́ўны геро́й, гало́ўная гераі́ня
 * Bulgarian: гла́вен геро́й, гла́вна герои́ня
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: hovedperson
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ĉefrolulo, ĉefpersono
 * Estonian: nutikas
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მთავარი გმირი, მთავარი პერსონაჟი, მთავარი მოქმედი პირი, პროტაგონისტი
 * German:, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Malay: protagonis,
 * Maori: kiritoa
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hovedperson, protagonist
 * Polish:, , , główny bohater
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: гла́вный геро́й, гла́вная герои́ня, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: ana karakter,
 * Ukrainian: головни́й геро́й, головна́ герої́ня, протагоні́ст, протагоні́стка
 * Vietnamese: nam chính (男正), nữ chính (女正) , nhân vật chính

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Malay: protagonis,
 * Maori: kiritoa
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish: esitaistelija,, , tienraivaaja
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: protagonist
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * , main character
 * 1) * 1780, M. C. Curtius, Aristoteles Verhandeling over de dichtkunst, tr. from German, publ. by Arend Fokke Simonsz., page 105.
 * "nl"

- Hy voerde nog een perſoon in, en verdeelde het Treurſpel in twee rollen, van welke de eerste Acteur de hoofdrol ſpeelde en daarvan de Protagonist heette;

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a

title: protagonist


text:
epistemology

Etymology
From, from + , from. The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.
 * 2)  A particular instance, version, or school thereof; a particular theory of knowledge.
 * 1)  A particular instance, version, or school thereof; a particular theory of knowledge.
 * 1)  A particular instance, version, or school thereof; a particular theory of knowledge.
 * 1)  A particular instance, version, or school thereof; a particular theory of knowledge.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: epistemologie, kennisleer, kennisteorie
 * Albanian: epistemologji
 * Arabic: إِبِسْتِمُولُوجِيَّا, نَظَرِيَّةْ اَلمَعْرِفَة
 * Aragonese: epistemolochía
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: epistemoloxía
 * Azerbaijani: epistemologiya
 * Bashkir: эпистемология
 * Basque:
 * Bavarian: Epistemologie
 * Belarusian: эпістэмало́гія
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: epistemologiezh
 * Bulgarian: епистемология
 * Burmese: အက်ပီစတမ်မိုလော်ဂျီ
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: epistemolohiya
 * Chechen: эпистемология
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 知識論, 認識論
 * Hokkien: 知識論, 認識論
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: epistemologi, erkendelsesteori
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: sciteorio, epistemologio
 * Estonian: epistemoloogia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Alemannic German: Epistemologii, Erkenntnistheorii
 * Greek:
 * Guaraní: marandukuaaty
 * Gujarati: જ્ઞાનમીમાંસા
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ज्ञानमीमांसा
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Ilocano: epistomolohia
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: epistemologia
 * Irish: eipistéimeolaíocht
 * Italian:
 * Jamaican Creole: epistemalaji
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: épistémologi
 * Kabiyé: epistemolozii
 * Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನಮೀಮಾಂಸೆ
 * Kazakh: эпистемология, таным теориясы
 * Khmer: ជ្ញានវិទ្យា
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, epîstemolojî
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຍານວິທະຍາ
 * Latin: epistemologia
 * Latvian: epistemoloģija
 * Limburgish: epistemologie, kènnistheorie
 * Lithuanian: epistemologija
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Epistemologie, Kennistheorie
 * Luxembourgish: Epistemologie
 * Macedonian: епистемологија
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: epistemologi
 * Malayalam: വിജ്ഞാനശാസ്ത്രം
 * Maltese: epistemoloġija
 * Manx: epistemoaylleeaght
 * Mirandese: eipistemologie
 * Nepali: प्रमाणशास्त्र
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, vitenskapsteori, erkjennelsesteori
 * Nynorsk: epistemologi, erkjenningsteori
 * Occitan:
 * Oromo: ippistimooloojii
 * Persian: معرفت‌شناسی
 * Piedmontese: epistemologìa
 * Polish:, , teoria poznania
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨਮੀਮਾਂਸਾ
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Epistemologie
 * Scottish Gaelic: eipisteim-eòlas
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: епистемоло̀гија
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: epistemoluggìa
 * Slovak: epistemológia
 * Slovene: epistemologija
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: epistemolojia
 * Swedish: kunskapsteori,
 * Tagalog: alaman, dalub-alaman, epistemolohiya
 * Tajik: эпистемология
 * Tamil: அறிவாய்வியல்
 * Telugu: జ్ఞానమీమాంస
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: епістемоло́гія
 * Urdu: علمیات
 * Uzbek:
 * Cyrillic: эпистемология
 * Roman: epistemologiya
 * Vietnamese: (認識論)
 * Võro: epistemoloogia, tiidmisteooria
 * Waray-Waray: epistemolohiya
 * Welsh: epistemoleg, epistemeg
 * Yakut: эпистемология
 * Yiddish: עפּיסטעמאָלאָגיע

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * Irish: eipistéimeolaíocht
 * Khmer: ទ្រឹស្ដីញាណ
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

title: epistemology


text:
clairvoyance

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.
 * 2) Acute intuitive insight or perceptiveness; sagacity.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: яснови́дство
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏪᎯ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: jasnovidnost,
 * Danish:, klarsyn, synskhed
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: klarvideco
 * Estonian: selgeltnägemine
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: გულთმისნობა, ნათელმხილველობა
 * German: Hellsehen,
 * Hindi: पेशनीगोई,, दिव्यज्ञान, परोक्षदर्शन
 * Hungarian: látnoki képesség,
 * Icelandic: skyggnigáfa
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latvian: gaišredzība, tālredzība
 * Lithuanian: aiškiaregystė, įžvalgumas, įžvalga
 * Macedonian: видовитост, јасновидност
 * Norwegian: klarsynthet
 * Occitan: clarvesença
 * Polish:, jasnowidztwo
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: taibhsearachd, dà-fhradharc, dà-shealladh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: видовитост
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:, , durugörü
 * Ukrainian:
 * Volapük: kleililogam

Noun

 * 1) clairvoyance

title: clairvoyance


text:
android

Etymology
From, from. Note the form already existed in 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) A robot that is designed to look and act like a human being (not necessarily a male one).
 * 2) An artificial human.

Translations

 * Arabic: أَنْدْرُويِد
 * Armenian: անդրոիդ
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: андро́ід
 * Bulgarian: андрои́д
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 仿生人, 人造人, 人形機械人
 * Mandarin: 人形機器人, 仿生人, 人造人
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: homaŭtomato, androido
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ანდროიდი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: אַנְדְּרוֹאִיד
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean: 안드로이드, ,
 * Latvian: androīds
 * Lithuanian: androidas
 * Macedonian: андроид
 * Navajo: béésh hináanii
 * Persian: اندروید
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: android
 * Slovene: android
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: ஆணொன்றி; அலைபேசி இயங்குதளம் (Mobile Operating System)
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: андро́їд
 * Vietnamese:

Adjective

 * 1) Possessing human qualities.
 * 2)  Of the pelvis, having a narrow anterior segment and a heart-shaped brim, typically found in the male.
 * 3) Characteristic of men.

Translations

 * Danish: android
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: androide
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: androide
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
.

Etymology
,, + . ..

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

title: android


text:
proctor

Etymology
, contraction of ; compare. .

Noun

 * 1)  A person who supervises students as they take an examination, in the United States at the college/university level; often the department secretary, or a fellow/graduate student; an invigilator.
 * 2)  An official at any of several older universities.
 * 3)  A legal practitioner in ecclesiastical and some other courts.
 * 4)  One appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out to beg for themselves, such as lepers and the bedridden.
 * 5) A procurator or manager for another.
 * 6) A representative of the clergy in convocation.
 * 1) A representative of the clergy in convocation.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُرَاقِب
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Klausuraufsicht
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Irish:

Verb

 * 1)  to function as a proctor
 * 2)  to manage as an attorney or agent

title: proctor


text:
prorate

Etymology
American English derivation from, from +.

Verb

 * 1) To divide proportionately, especially by day; to divide pro rata.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: разделям пропорционално
 * Japanese: 日割りする
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

title: prorate


text:
Talk:tentacle

About the provided etymology
I think that tentacle comes from tentare (to feel, to try by touching) plus the suffix -culus (tentaculus) to create a noun. But I'll check it because I may be wrong (no time now!). It probably arrived in English through the French version, ''tentacle", anyway. Can someone else check it? - Piolinfax 12:34, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I checked it and the couple of sources I looked up agree on it coming from tentare, a later Latin form of previous temptare (attempt coming from this root as well). Probably tentaculus became tentacle in French and English borrowed it. The French word tenir(meaning to grasp or to hold) / Latin tendere (to strech) seems a likely origin as well so I will go on trying to pinpoint the actual one - Piolinfax 19:03, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:tentacle


text:
birthday

Etymology
From, , from , influenced by 🇨🇬, equivalent to 🇰🇲. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Eclipsed non-native, from , , from.

Noun

 * 1) The anniversary of the day on which someone is born.
 * 2) * 1903, L. Frank Baum, The Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People, The Fifth Surprise: The Monarch Celebrates His Birthday,
 * One of the Wise Men said the King was born in February; another declared it was in May, and a third figured the great event happened in October. So the King issued a royal decree that he should have three birthdays every year, in order to be on the safe side; and whenever he happened to think of it he put in an odd birthday or two for luck.
 * 1) * 1906, Edith Nesbit, The Railway Children, Chapter 9: The pride of Perks,
 * "And we thought we'd make a nice birthday for him. He's been so awfully jolly decent to us, you know, Mother," said Peter, "and we agreed that next bun-day we'd ask you if we could."
 * 1) * c. 1911, Cotton Mather, Worthington Chauncey Ford (editor), Diary of Cotton Mather, Volume 1: 1681-1708, footnote, |birthdays%22&hl=en&ei=1exYTre8OayHmQXxqdyjDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22birthday|birthdays%22&f=false page 1,
 * It was his custom to begin a new year's record on February 12, his birthday.
 * 1) The anniversary of the day on which something is created.
 * 2) The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called  or.
 * 3) A birthday party.
 * 1) The anniversary of the day on which something is created.
 * 2) The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called  or.
 * 3) A birthday party.

Translations

 * Abenaki: piligadma
 * Afrikaans:
 * Alabama: innìhta
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ልደታ, ልደት
 * Arabic: عِيد مِيلَاد
 * Egyptian Arabic: عيد ميلاد
 * South Levantine Arabic: عيد ميلاد
 * Armenian: ծննդյան օր,
 * Asturian: cumpleaños
 * Azerbaijani: doğum günü, ad günü
 * Bambara: sanyɛlɛma
 * Bashkir: тыуған көн
 * Basque: urtebetetze, urtemuga,
 * Belarusian: дзень нараджэ́ння
 * Bengali:
 * Bislama: betde
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: рожде́н ден
 * Burmese:
 * Buryat: түрэһэн үдэр
 * Carpathian Rusyn: народени́ны
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: adlawng natawhan
 * Chamicuro: ipenonasne watane
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 生日, 生辰, 牛一
 * Dungan: сынжы
 * Eastern Min: 生日
 * Gan: 生日
 * Hakka: 生日
 * Hokkien:
 * Jin: 生日
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Northern Min: 生日
 * Wu: 生日
 * Xiang: 生日
 * Cornish: penn-bloodh, pedn-bloodh
 * Corsican: anniversariu
 * Crimean Tatar: doğğan künü
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dolgan: төрөөбүт күн
 * Dutch:
 * Edo: ẹdubiẹmwẹ
 * Esperanto: naskiĝotago, ,
 * Estonian:, sünna , sünkar
 * Faroese: føðingardagur
 * Fijian:, siganisucu
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: natalizi
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: დაბადების დღე
 * German:
 * Silesian: Geburtstag
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γενέθλιος
 * Gujarati: વરસ ગાનત
 * Haitian Creole: anivèsè
 * Hawaiian: lā hānau
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: जन्मदिन,
 * Hungarian:
 * Iban: hari pengada
 * Icelandic:, fæðingardagur
 * Ido:
 * Igala: ọ́jọ́-úbí
 * Igbo: nchèta ọ̄mụmụ
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: synnyn päivä, syntymäpäivä
 * Interlingua: die natal
 * Irish: lá breithe, breithlá
 * Italian:
 * Izon: zii-erein, ziibaị
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Jeju: 셍일날
 * Kalmyk: һарсн өдр, төрсн өдр, миләһүд
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: pangabayit
 * Karelian: roindupäivy
 * Kashmiri: زا دۄہ, ؤہرٕوود, زایہِ دۄہ
 * Kashubian: gebùrstach
 * Kazakh: туған күн
 * Khmer: ថ្ងៃខួប
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: туулган күнү
 * Ladino: aniversario, kumpleanyos
 * Lao: ມື້ເກີດ, ຊົນມະທິ, ວັນຄ້າຍວັນເກີດ, ວັນເກີດ
 * Latin: diēs nātālis,
 * Latvian: dzimšanas diena
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German:
 * Dutch Low Saxon: verjaordag
 * German Low German:
 * Lü: ᦞᧃᦵᦂᦲᧆᧉ
 * Luganda: amazaalibwa
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: роденден
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Maltese: għeluq snin
 * Manx: laa ruggyree
 * Maori: rā huritau
 * Marathi: वाढदिवस
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: шочмо кече
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: төрсөн өдөр
 * Mongolian: ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ
 * Navajo: hoʼdizhchínę́ęjį́ anáyííłką́
 * Neapolitan: cumpreanno
 * Nepali: जन्मदिन
 * Norman: jour de naissànse
 * North Frisian: irrdäi
 * Northern Sami: riegádanbeaivi, šaddanbeaivi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, ,
 * Nynorsk:, fødselsdag, gebursdag
 * Occitan: aniversari
 * Odia: ଜନ୍ମଦିନ
 * Okinawan: 生日
 * Old English: ġebyrddæġ
 * Pashto:
 * Persian: ,
 * Piedmontese: compleani, compleann
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਜਨਮ-ਦਿਨ
 * Quechua: wata junt'ay
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: anniversari
 * Russian: ,
 * Rwanda-Rundi: isabukuru
 * Samoan: asofānau
 * Sardinian: anniversariu
 * Saterland Frisian: Gebuursdai
 * Scottish Gaelic: co-latha breith, là-breith
 * Semai: jis yesnos
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ро̏ђенда̄н
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese: උපන් දිනය
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * High Sorbian: narodniny
 * Low Sorbian: narodny źeń, narodniny
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: friyaridei
 * Swahili: siku ya uzalishi
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: kaarawan
 * Tajik: рӯзи таваллуд,, зодрӯз
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: туган көн
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: འཁྲུངས་སྐར, སྐྱེ་ཚེས, སྐྱེས་སྐར
 * Tigrinya: ዕለተ ልደት
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: doglan güni
 * Tuvan: төрүттүнген хүнү
 * Ukrainian: день наро́дження, уроди́ни
 * Urdu: سالگرہ, جَنْم دِن
 * Uyghur: تۇغۇلغان كۈن
 * Uzbek: tugʻilan kun
 * Venetian: compleano
 * Vietnamese: (生日)
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: penblwydd,
 * West Flemish: verjaardag
 * West Frisian: jierdei
 * White Hmong: hnub yug
 * Yakut: төрөөбүт күн
 * Yiddish: געבוירן־טאָג, געבורטסטאָג
 * Yoruba: ọjọ́-ìbí, ayẹyẹ oríkádún
 * Zulu:

 * Armenian: ծննդյան օր
 * Bashkir: тыуған көн
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ден на ра́ждане, да́та на ра́ждане, рожде́на да́та
 * Burmese:
 * Carpathian Rusyn: народени́ны
 * Catalan: data de naixement
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 出生日期
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: føðingardagur
 * Finnish:, synnyinpäivä,
 * French:
 * Georgian: დაბადების თარიღი
 * German:
 * Greek: ημερομηνία γεννήσεως
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: synnyn päivä
 * Italian: data di nascita
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: чыккан күн
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian: dzimšanas datums
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Geboortsdatum
 * Luxembourgish: Gebuertsdatum
 * Macedonian: датум на раѓање
 * Malayalam: ജനനത്തീയതി
 * Maltese: data ta' twelied
 * Maori: rā whānau
 * Marathi: जन्मदिवस, जन्मदिन
 * North Frisian: iirdäi
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian: تاریخ تولد
 * Polish: data urodzenia
 * Portuguese: data de nascimento
 * Romansch: di da naschientscha, natalizi
 * Russian: да́та рожде́ния,
 * Scottish Gaelic: co-latha breith, là-breith
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: дан рођења, датум рођења
 * Roman: dan rođenja, datum rođenja
 * Shor: шыққан кӱн
 * Southern Altai: чыккан кӱн, туулан кӱн
 * Spanish: fecha de nacimiento
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: kaarawan
 * Tibetan: སྐྱེས་སྐར
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: да́та наро́дження, день наро́дження
 * Urdu: تاریخِ پیدائش, جنم دن, یومِ پیدائش, یومِ ولادت
 * Vietnamese:, ngày sinh tháng đẻ, ngày sanh
 * White Hmong: hnub yug

Verb

 * 1)  To celebrate one's birthday.

title: birthday


text:
User:Dersonlwd

zh:user:dersonlwd

Hello world.

title: User:Dersonlwd