text:
message

Etymology
From, from , from , derived from , ultimately from. Displaced native 🇨🇬 which is survived in 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.
 * 2) An underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.
 * 3)  An errand.
 * 1) An underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.
 * 2)  An errand.
 * 1)  An errand.
 * 1)  An errand.
 * 1)  An errand.

Abbreviations

 * msg

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic: رِسَالَة, خَبَر, مَعْلُومَة
 * Gulf Arabic: رسالة, مسج
 * Hijazi Arabic: رِسالة
 * Moroccan Arabic: رسالة, ميساج
 * South Levantine Arabic: مسج, رسالة
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assamese: বাতৰি
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܓܲܪܬܵܐ
 * Asturian:
 * Aukan: bosikopu
 * Azerbaijani:, , mesaj, ismarıc
 * Belarusian: паведамле́нне
 * Bengali: বার্তা
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 信息, 信息
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Mandarin:, , , ,
 * Chuukese: poraus
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, besked, bud
 * Dutch: ,
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto: mesaĝo
 * Estonian: sõnum
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: გზავნილი, შეტყობინება, ცნობა, უწყება
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀγγελία
 * Gujarati: સંદેશ, સંદેશો
 * Hebrew: הוֹדָעָה
 * Hindi:, , मेसेज, , , , पैग़ाम, , ख़बर,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: veesti, sana
 * Irish: teachtaireacht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , , ,
 * Kazakh: хабар,, ақпарат
 * Khmer: ចុតហ្មាយ,, , ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz:, кабарлоо,
 * Lao: ຂໍ້ຄວາມ
 * Latin:, nūntium
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard:
 * Luganda: obubaka
 * Macedonian: по́рака
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maore Comorian: haɓari
 * Marathi: निरोप, संदेश
 * Mi'kmaq: agnutmaqan
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: ,
 * Nepali: सन्देश
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk: bodskap, melding
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: ǣrende
 * Oromo: ergaa
 * Pashto:, ,
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:, , , ,
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi:
 * Eastern:, ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ, ਸੰਦੇਸ਼, ਸੰਦੇਸਾ
 * Western: سُنیہا, پَیغام
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Sami:
 * Kildin Sami: соа̄гк
 * Skolt Sami: saakk
 * Scottish Gaelic: teachdaireachd
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: по̏рука, по̀сланица
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: boskopu
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: kalatas
 * Tajik:, рисола, ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: habar, maglumat
 * Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎈𐎎
 * Ukrainian: повідо́млення, ме́седж
 * Urdu: رِسالَہ, پَیغام, پَیام, خَبَر
 * Uyghur: خەۋەر, ئۇچۇر, ئاخبارات
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese: tin nhắn
 * Welsh:

 * Armenian:, մեսիջ
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: boðskapur
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Marathi: तात्पर्य
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Ukrainian: посла́ння, ме́седж

 * Basque:
 * Faroese:
 * Georgian:, , , უწყება, , , ,
 * Haitian Creole:
 * Ido:
 * Javanese:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Latgalian:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay: ,
 * Maltese: ,
 * Norman:
 * Occitan:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic:
 * Slovene:
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Urdu: ,

Verb

 * 1) To send a message to; to transmit a message to, e.g. as text via a cell phone.
 * Just message me for directions.
 * I messaged her about the concert.
 * 1) To send (something) as a message; usually refers to electronic messaging.
 * She messaged me the information yesterday.
 * Please message the final report by fax.
 * 1)  To send a message or messages; to be capable of sending messages.
 * We've implemented a new messaging service.
 * The runaway computer program was messaging non-stop.
 * 1)  To bear as a message.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: üzenetet küld
 * Spanish: enviar un mensaje,

 * Hungarian: (üzenetben/üzenetként) elküld

Etymology
, from, derived from.

Etymology
.

Etymology
, derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  (form of communication)
 * 2) messenger

Descendants
Borrowings:

Etymology
, see above.

Noun

 * 1)  purchases, shopping
 * go the messages - do one's shopping
 * go the messages - do one's shopping

title: message


text:
compunction

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from , the past participle of , from +.

Noun

 * 1) A pricking of conscience or a feeling of regret, especially one which is slight or fleeting.

Translations

 * Arabic:, وَخَز الضَّمِير
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: compunció, remordiment
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: výčitky svědomí,
 * Dutch:, gewetensbeet, compunctie
 * Finnish: huono omatunto, omatunnon pisto
 * French:, ,
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 良心の呵責,
 * Latin: compunctio
 * Maori: kaniawhea
 * Norwegian: samvittighetsnag, snev av dårlig samvittighet
 * Portuguese: compunção
 * Romanian: compuncțiune, ,
 * Russian: угрызе́ния со́вести, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: гризо̀дӯшје, грижња савјести
 * Roman:, grižnja savjesti
 * Spanish: compunción,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: compunction


text:
assrun

Etymology
From 🇰🇲. First used among gaming communities in the late 1990s.

Verb

 * 1)  To follow (a player in a first-person shooter game) in order to shoot them from behind.

title: assrun


text:
Talk:y'all

plural
Please note that this term is never properly used to refer to a single person, as it is found in some literature. Y'all is always plural. --Bill 18:09, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure I've seen Texans address a single person as "y'all". Maybe that's just Texas, but I've always taken that as meaning "you and yours".  Thus the orginal definition.  This seems like a testable hypothesis.  You shouldn't hear, for example Y'all need to be quiet! directed at a single person, but you might well hear Y'all are always welcome! so addressed.

 * I was born, raised, and lived mostly in the South and the only time that I can remember hearing y'all addressed to one person (other than the TV which nearly always gets it wrong!) is when the one person represents a collectiv. For byspel, one might walk into a store and say, "How y'all doing?" meaning the clerk and everyone working there or if you're talking to an official representing a bureaucracy ... "What are y'all goin' do about it?" ... meaning not the person you're talking to but the agency who would likely answer with we. If someone said y'all to me and I was by myself, I'd look around me to see if the person was thinking I was with someone else. For me, y'all is always plural. --AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 12:59, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I would count the latter as a specialized sense of the word. I'd prefer to restore it to that status partly because (at least potentially) not all speakers who would use y'all would use it Texas-style, and partly because the definition as it stands is well-nigh unreadable.

 * Finally, I'm only mostly sure about the Texas part. Can any native Texans confirm or deny? -dmh 22:44, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * As a Texan, it’s all right to use Y'all need to be quiet! when addressing one person, but it’s still a plural. The plural softens the command. If you used the singular 'You need to be quiet!', it sounds harsh and threatening. —Stephen 12:31, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I lived in San Antonio and then San Angelo for about a total of a year and a half and I'v been back a few times. I'v NEVER heard anyone addressing ONE person as y'all. I'm not saying that it didn't happen but I never heard it outside of what I'v noted above.--AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 12:59, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep in mind that the South is a large place with lots of folks. There may be some who, IMO, wrongly use y'all when talking to one person (unless that person represents a collectiv, see above) but there are lots of folks who use lots of words wrong. Just because a few do it, that doesn't make it right. For non-Southerners, DO NOT use y'all when talking to one person.--AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 12:59, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm a bit late to the party, but the only people I've heard using "y'all" as a singular were a couple who came from the Midwest, had moved to the Virginia suburbs of D.C., and adamantly insisted that they knew what they were talking about because they lived in "the South." (I'm New England born and bred, but I suspect I know more actual Southerners than they did.)

 * I suppose it's possible that some native Southerners use it, but I'd really like to see some documentation that it's a actually established usage, even informal, and notes on where it's used. I strongly suspect that any singular usage is either not truly referring to one person, as described above, or transplants using it as a folksy synonyn for "you."

 * On othe other hand, if you get enough people moving to the urban South and trying to act like natives, I could imagine that it would become established, particularly among the second generation. But regardless, it would be useful to have sources documenting the phenomenon, since we can discuss anecdotes until the cows come home. —Quintucket (talk) 05:19, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

all y'all
Can somebody who knows what they're talking about please add a note explaining "all y'all"? Might be related to DMH's query. (I'm from California, so I don't have a clue.) -DM 2 Sep 2005
 * This stems from a phrase such as: I will see all of you all in two weeks.  Instead of, I suppose:  I will see only-the-top-halfs of you all in two weeks.  No, actually, it stems from the basic need, in English, of a dedicated plural form of "you" (a word which can be either plural or singular in English).  This plural form of "you" is what "y'all" tries to fill.  Thus, "y'all" refers to "you - the group" as opposed to "you - the individual".  Consequently, when I get back in two weeks, I hope to see all of the group, not just part of the group.  Therefore, I hope to see the entirety of you, the group.  Talking more loosely, we have:  I hope to see all of you all, or, I hope to see all y'all.  Hope this helps.  Cheers, --Stranger 02:01, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, incidentally, I googled "all y'all" and got 123,000 hits, in case you were wondering. --Stranger 02:02, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Just did another google search of "all y'all" and got 114,000,000 hits. Shows the increase of information available online between 2005 and 2018. -- 13:56, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

Put simply, the difference between "y'all" and "all y'all" is exactly the same as the difference between "you" and "all of you" (when both are directed to two or more people), "us" vs. "all of us," or "them" vs. "all of them" in standard English. "All y'all" only sounds redundant because the same word "all" employed twice, first as the actual quantifier "all," and then as a simple plural marker.

For that reason, I edited out the "tous" in "vous tous" as a French equivalent. "Vous tous" is more like saying "all y'all" than merely "y'all." For that, "vous" alone will suffice. I suspect the same problem may exist with the alleged Italian equivalent.

Possessive form
Can anyone comment on the reasoning behind listing "y'alls" as the possessive? I have always written "y'all's" instead. This seems to make more sense in the absence of any good reason to go against normal possessive form. (N.B.: I'm not the user who tried to make that change recently and apparently had it reverted as "nonsense" (!).) -YorkBW 22:06, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
 * In the absence of a response, I'm going to change "y'alls" back to "y'all's." Comments welcome. -YorkBW 12:33, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

I'm not sure which spelling is more common, but "y'alls" makes more sense to me. Other possessive pronouns (e.g., his, hers, ours and theirs) do not take apostrophes, so why should y'alls? -Xrlq 18:47, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * But you can’t say "that’s hers purse" or "this is theirs ticket". I always write y’all’s with two apostrophe: "here are y’all’s bus tickets." I think the only people who regularly use this word and who would write "y'alls tickets" would also write "Mikes tickets" or "peoples tickets". —Stephen 12:42, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Probably an unnoticed disruptive contributor trying to assert that it is OK to use two apostrophes in an English word (which, of course, is never OK.) --Connel MacKenzie 17:45, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There remain too many oddities with this entry. Only the nonstandard possessive is listed, (of a nonstandard term,) where normally no possessives are listed, invalid headings, etymology listed on inflection line, strange characterization as AAVE (which on first blush seems astoundingly unlikely,) and a homophone which, in my dialect, is not even close to being homophonic.  This might be better off deleted and restarted fresh.  --Connel MacKenzie 18:35, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Some English words use two apostrophes (bo's'n). I have never heard of a rule against doing that when the orthography and grammar call for it. As for the article, and as a person from the y'all dialect area, I don’t find anything wrong with the article. —Stephen 12:34, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * If you must add the two apostrophes, it should technically be y'alls'.Mikey85123 (talk) 00:55, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

 * y’all’s = y’all is = you all is which doesn’t make sense. It’s the same difference as It’s vs its. That’s its meaning. :)

From the entry
[//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3Ay%27all&type=revision&diff=38889236&oldid=38889235 text removed from entry]

 * Rubbish. The spelling is y'all (you all). The spelling ya'll is a different contraction (ya will), as in "if ya'll build a fire, we can roast some marshmallows." The plural of this is "if y'all'll build a fire, we can roast some marshmallows." —Stephen 20:12, 16 October 2009 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I agree with Stephen. The right way to write it is y'all and ya'll has a different meaning. Good explanation Stephen! --AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 13:05, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm from El Paso, I spell it ya'll because in my mind it's a contraction of the casual Texan phrase "ya all", e.g. "Ya all gonna head out now?". I hadn't thought about "ya will" before, but it makes sense; and, adopting the convention you're claiming would be a good way to distinguish whether you mean "you/ya all", "you/ya will", and "you/ya will all".  I guess distinguishing "you" from the more colorful "ya" is less important.

The adamance of the objection is noted (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_many_legs_does_a_horse_have%3F). And yes, though not strictly relevant to this topic, there is another word spelled "ya'll." See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonym for an explanation of this phenomenon.

 * This is absolutely incorrect:
 * Though "y'all" has gained acceptance through common usage, "ya'll" is the correct spelling. Language is born in the mouth and contractions are formed when the phonology of a word obviates a sound in a word that follows. Spoken language does not go the other way; a word not yet uttered does not change the form of the word that precedes it. For instance, we do not think, "I'm going to say 'are' after I say 'you' so therefore I will shorten 'you' and say 'y'are.'" Rather it is the second word in a contraction that is truncated because having said the first word, pronouncing the second word fully just feels funny in the mouth. Thus, "you" maintains its full form in "you've," and "you're."
 * The correct spelling of the contraction for "you all" is "y'all." The above passage is not only wrong, it's silly from an etymological point of view, i.e., pseudo-science.
 * SteveXS103180 (talk) 15:49, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

No, both are acceptable. I have several Texan friends who spell it as "ya'll", and others who spell it "y'all." Just like with "traveling" and "travelling," they're both different spellings but both correct.Mythical04 (talk) 20:35, 15 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree with you that that passage is wrong, but I don't really understand your point. That passage is not in the entry. Are you suggesting some sort of change somewhere? —Ruakh TALK 18:30, 30 August 2012 (UTC)
 * No, he is commenting on an old comment above that someone made three years ago. He should have replied to the comment directly at Talk:y'all. —Stephen (Talk) 19:23, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I have moved the comment accordingly. - -sche (discuss) 18:10, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Ya'll is actually the same as y'all, it just isn't grammatically correct. Ya'll is "Ya all" as a contraction. "Ya" attempts to harness the phonetics used when saying "You" with a Southern accent. For example, "What are ya doin'." Again it is grammatically incorrect but that is how it is intended.Mikey85123 (talk) 00:51, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm from Texas and fully agree. "y'all" is a contraction of "you all", while "ya'll" is a contraction of "ya all".  And sure, "ya" is an improper word to begin with; but, that's intentional.  That's what makes it casual and chummy, for when Texans are in that mood.  Hopefully, "ya all" gives you folks claiming that it can only be "y'all" some perspective.  Ya all thought ya was smart by pointin' out that the apostrophe goes between the words; but, ya'll didn't even know the word came from "ya all".  So how smart was yah? {{unsigned|73.158.219.245}

Contraction
Is it certain that it is a contraction of "you all" (and as such should be written "y'all")? For example, Dutch has and Sallaands has ieluu. The former is explained as "from jij (“you”) and lui (“people”)", the latter is a compound of "ie" (English: "you") and "luu" (English: "people", "persons"), compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. --129.125.102.126 23:59, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I'd say that it is certain. As far as I know, the reason for the parallelism is that it happens to be a useful inflected form, but one that was not passed down for etymological reasons which I am not aware of. --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 00:02, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The parallelism isn't only that they have a 2nd person plural (which indeed is a useful inflected form), the appearance of the words is similar too: the word which originally was only used as 2nd person plural, but got to be used also as a 2nd person singular (as a honorific), acquired an 'l'-sound to mark the plural. In English and Sallaands that 'l' has a clear meaning, but in Dutch it doesn't. --129.125.102.126 01:25, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

 * FWIW, yes, English etymology dictionaries treat it as certain that "y'all" is from "you all". - -sche (discuss) 19:00, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

Furthermore, it can be contracted again to form the grammatically incorrect word "y'aint", as used in the sentence. "Y'aint gonna do that". It is a contraction of the phrase you all are not and is the longest spoken contraction in the english language.
 * No analysis is complete without realizing there's actually two phrases that need to be handled: "you all" and "ya all". "y'all" is a contraction of "you all", while "ya'll" is a contraction of the slang "ya all".  People up in arms that "ya'll" is wrong because it puts the apostrophe in the wrong place in "you all", simply haven't considered that it's a contraction of "ya all". {{unsigned|73.158.219.245}
 * The pronunciation of y'all shows that the a is the a of all, not the a of ya. Etymologically, y'all is actually most likely to be technically a contraction of ye all, using the plural ye that is still current in Ireland. —Mahāgaja · talk 09:22, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

RFV discussion: March–May 2014
Rfv-sense: singular form of "you". —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 15:35, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * This has been fairly thoroughly studied. Some references can be found here at Garner's. We should have some cites. DCDuring TALK 15:59, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * It seems controversial, I personally would not consider "See y'all later" spoken to a single person as being specifically singular, but rather number-neutral. --WikiTiki89 17:10, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * If we are trying to have a dictionary that helps normal humans I don't think number-neutral in a helpful term, whether or not it is part of linguist's vocabulary. DCDuring TALK 17:24, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Did I accidentally imply that you have to copy and paste my sentence directly into the entry without changing anything? --WikiTiki89 17:26, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * OK. Should he have usage notes? Should we call it singular?
 * This sense has been the subject of regular criticism on the talk page, so citations of it would certainly be appreciated. I expect Wikitiki is right that "y'all" doesn't have "singular you" as a meaning, but only has "plural you" and something like "you; singular or plural you, the two not being distinguished". - -sche (discuss) 18:14, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

 * While y'all is plural only, it is occasionally said to a sole person. There are several possible explanations for it: (1) lapsus linguae (the speaker is so accustomed to using the plural that he uses it where he should not); (2) the speaker is including the listener’s family, or perhaps his friends or colleagues that regularly accompany him; or (3) the speaker senses that the singular you is too personal and chooses the plural to sound less personal and more distant. —Stephen (Talk) 18:49, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I generally agree, but think that with respect to point 3 it is probably the opposite. Rather than being less personal, y'all is more informal, and therefore may be more personal. bd2412 T 19:53, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * As a native speaker of a dialect that includes y'all I can say that option (3) is excluded. Saying y'all to one person in English is nothing at all like saying vous to one person in French. If I say y'all to one person I always mean "you and the people you represent"; for example, if I say to a friend, "How're y'all doing?" I mean "you and your family" and if I say to a supermarket employee, "Do y'all have grits?" I mean "you as a representative of this supermarket". It isn't number-neutral the way you is; it is distinctly plural, though the other members of the group addressed need not be present. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 21:17, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * BD2412, I think you’ve misunderstood what I meant by personal. The word you can be very personal...if I say, "You, come here!"...it sounds very in-your-face and overly personal. It sounds like you’re about to be punished for something. But if I say, "Y'all come here," then it sounds much less in-your-face, less personal, more generalized, softer, and friendlier. —Stephen (Talk) 22:53, 15 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I was thinking in terms of personal = informal (i.e. "softer, and friendlier") and impersonal = formal. bd2412 T 00:46, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
 * If you said "Y'all come here" to me, I would look around to see who else you were speaking to, and if there was no one else around but me, I would worry you were suffering from double visions or hallucinations. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 13:29, 16 March 2014 (UTC)

Deleted singular sense. ~ Röbin Liönheart (talk) 14:58, 9 May 2014 (UTC)

Non-Southern, non-AAVE use
I've been noticing an increasing, though probably still small, number of non-Southern / non-AAVE Americans using this. For example, Billie Eilish from California uses it at [//www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL2HRdjDKnw 1:22], and [//melmagazine.com/en-us/story/why-is-everyone-suddenly-saying-yall Mel Magazine, in an interesting article,] has examples of a bunch more such uses. My guess (and Mel's) is it's another instance of white Americans adopting useful cultural practices from black Americans / AAVE, though a noticeable portion (noticed by Mel as well as a few various random internet sites that come up when I poke around google) of users are left-wingers who might be taking it from either AAVE or Southern comrades / their perceived 'working class' speech (or who might be being gender-neutral, avoiding you guys, something else Mel suggests may be reinforcing use of the term). I'm not suggesting any change to the label right now (it already says it's only "chiefly" Southern/AAVE), but it's worth monitoring, and possibly expanding the usage notes about. - -sche (discuss) 07:46, 10 April 2019 (UTC)

 * American social justice people use "y'all" and "folks" a lot, for some reason. Equinox ◑ 18:06, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
 * In the past 2 years I've lived in Massachusetts and California for about 6 months each, and I noticed *no one* in Mass saying y'all (to the point where I dropped it from my speech there) but in California many of the non-black millennials I know use it interchangeably with you guys. When I ask them about it, they often say they don't make a conscious effort to say it, that they just picked it up. A small handful have cited gender neutrality as a reason for the change; no one has said "it's cool to sound black also", but just look at the way white millennials devour black slang they see on social media. I'm not sure about the working class angle, but as Equinox points out, social justice language can be heavy in signifiers, likely based in specific movements. On the east coast at least, I think this is a phenomenon worth noting. Ultimateria (talk) 18:28, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

 * (Just recording here that I added a short note about this a few days ago. Finding proper academic sources and more detail would be desirable.) - -sche (discuss) 18:40, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

 * As another example, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez from New York used y'all [//twitter.com/AOC/status/1346971953106661384 today]. (She's gotten headlines for using other things that people associated with 'Black English', too.) On the other hand, Steve King of Iowa, despite keeping a Confederate flag on his desk, has never used y'all in a tweet AFAICT, nor has Trump (though he has quoted a few people who did), nor has fellow New Yorker Rudy Giuliani. OTOH, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan [//twitter.com/RashidaTlaib/status/1237088183889924096 has]. Anecdotal data points. - -sche (discuss) 01:35, 7 January 2021 (UTC)

Scope
One things I've noticed about y'all is that it's used only once within its scope. Consider the citation at : “I ought to kick y’all’s asses Walking out on me the way you done, that’s no way to treat a friend.” In my judgment as a native speaker of a y'all-using dialect it would be ungrammatical to say "...the way y'all done" because y'all's has already appeared in the sentence. So you say "When did y'all know you wanted to get married?" but not *"When did y'all know y'all wanted to get married"; or "When did y'all paint your house?" but not *"When did y'all paint y'all's house?". This is why there's no such reflexive pronoun as *y'allselves, because reflexive pronouns always cooccur with the pronouns they refer back to: so you can only say "What do y'all think of yourselves?" and not *"What do y'all think of y'allselves". —Mahāgaja · talk 17:53, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I googled "(when) did y'all know y'all" and found uses. Equinox ◑ 18:20, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Having lived in the South, I am familiar with speakers using y'all and then switching to you, but the tendency is not an absolute rule, and repeated use of y'all, with or without you also being intermingled in, also occurs. Judging by the [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=User:-sche/sandbox&oldid=58300969 random examples here] I plucked off Google Books, even discounting ones which seem to be a non-y'all-user imagining a y'all-user's speech, one reason for repeated use might be if speaking with a (or playing up a) particularly "strong" dialect; I also notice that several of the hits also look like African-American English (which may or may not be AAVE); whether African Americans make repeated use of y'all with greater, lesser, or equal frequency than white Southerners might be worth investigating (along with the frequency of repeated use of y'all in general vs use of y'all+you). As for y'allselves, the fact that plural yourselves and singular yourself are already distinct also seems like it might diminish the perceived need for it, though notwithstanding that does exist, even though the first hit calls it out as odd. Some hits use it after multiple y'alls, others use it after or together with you; one sentence, speaking of “'do-it-y'allselves' cavers", happens to not require any other use of a second person pronoun. - -sche (discuss) 18:27, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * That's very interesting, thanks! Just goes to show the importance of "YMMV" disclaimers! —Mahāgaja · talk 11:18, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I think it is clear that this switch down from y'all to you mid-thought does exist on some widespread level. What would this type of change be called in linguistics? --Geographyinitiative (talk) 12:05, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure exactly, but I think has something to do with it. Languages tend to avoid marked forms whenever they would be redundant, so if y'all is more marked than you, then it makes sense that once y'all has done its job of indicating plurality, it doesn't need to be repeated anymore. —Mahāgaja · talk 12:41, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May 2020–March 2021
Rfv-sense: "To block discussion on an internet board to restrict dissent". If attestable, I'd be interested in knowing what the etymology is. —Mahāgaja · talk 08:15, 24 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Ety presumably a social justice thing: . In such circles those who disagree are encouraged to "sit down and shut up", "educate themselves" etc. Equinox ◑ 13:20, 26 May 2020 (UTC)

 * On closer inspection this seems to be Reddit slang. Try googling "got y'alled". Equinox ◑ 18:31, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Etymology from Know Your Meme: "Y'all can't behave." Vox Sciurorum (talk) 19:15, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I do not think this will be citable. I assert that it is clearly in use.  I do not assert that it is clearly in widespread use.  Like the emoji crab, it lives in a corner of the internet that Wiktionary does not quote.  Vox Sciurorum (talk) 18:18, 18 July 2020 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 05:45, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

singular
As in See y’all later spoken to someone without a companion. One possibility is that the speaker means “you and anyone else who may be with you” or “you and anyone else who comes along.” --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:59, 1 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Language researcher Michael Montgomery has identified a number of situations in which y'allis used as a unique pronoun rather than as a simple contraction of you-all:

1. The "associative" plural, meaning "you as an individual and also your family or associates," as in What are y'all doing for vacation this year? 2. The "institutional" plural, when an individual representing a business or organization is addressed as a representative of other unknown or indeterminable individuals. For example, someone calls a store and asks Do y'all have marine paint? Here the meaning is "you as an individual and the others working there." 3. The "potential" plural that is equivalent to one of you or anyone, as in Did y'all take out the trash? when asking not whether a specific individual has taken out the trash, but whether someone in the household has taken out the trash, that is, whether the trash has been taken out. 4. The "everybody" plural, as in greetings and partings, for example when a teacher says Good morning (or Goodbye) y'all to a room full of students. You-all is not used in these situations. ·

--Backinstadiums (talk) 18:55, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:y'all


text:
insalata

Etymology 1
From, which is an adjective derived from the verb.

Noun

 * 1) lettuce
 * 2) salad
 * 3)  hotchpotch, mishmash

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) salad

title: insalata


text:
lakh

Etymology
or, from , from , possibly from , ultimately from.

Numeral

 * 1) One hundred thousand (100,000; or, with Indian digit grouping, 1,00,000).

Translations

 * Arabic: لَاك
 * Assamese: লাখ
 * Bengali: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 拉克, 洛叉
 * Dhivehi: ލައްކަ
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Gujarati: લાખ
 * Hindi:
 * Japanese: ラーク, 洛叉
 * Kannada:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 라크
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: لەک
 * Lao: ແສນ
 * Malayalam:
 * Marathi: लाख,
 * Nepali: लाख
 * Odia:
 * Pashto: لک
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, lacassá, lequessá
 * Punjabi: ਲੱਖ, لکّھ
 * Russian:, лакх
 * Sanskrit:
 * Santali: ᱞᱟᱠ, ᱞᱟᱠᱷ
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ла̏к
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese: ලක්ෂය
 * Swahili:, lakhi
 * Tamil: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tulu: ಲಕ್ಷ
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: لاکھ

Noun

 * 1) One hundred thousand rupees.
 * 2)  Often in the : an indefinitely large number; a zillion.
 * 1)  Often in the : an indefinitely large number; a zillion.
 * 1)  Often in the : an indefinitely large number; a zillion.
 * 1)  Often in the : an indefinitely large number; a zillion.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian:

Etymology
, from, from.

title: lakh


text:
mohur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A Persian gold coin.
 * 2)  A gold coin of British India, worth from twelve to fifteen rupees.

Translations

 * Gujarati: સોનામહોર, અશરફી
 * Hindi:, अशरफ़ी, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: مۆھور
 * Marathi: मोहर
 * Persian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Urdu: مُہَر

title: mohur


text:
User:לערי ריינהארט/templates

 * User:Gangleri/templates/accounts

title: User:לערי ריינהארט/templates


text:
User:לערי ריינהארט/templates/accounts

User:Gangleri
 * Wikipedias: de, en, eo, is, ro,  test
 * and InterWikis: bg, da, es, et, fi, fr, it, ja, la, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, simple, sv, yi
 * Wikiquotes: de, en, eo, is, ro
 * Wiktionaries: de, en, eo, is, ro
 * Wikipedia's sister projects : commons, meta, source
 * bugzilla

title: User:לערי ריינהארט/templates/accounts


text:
pipi

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  The edible saltwater clam, of the family , endemic to New Zealand.
 * 2)  The edible saltwater clam, endemic to Australia.

Noun

 * 1) The astringent pods of Caesalpinia paipai, a Brazilian plant used in tanning.

Noun

 * 1)  vulva

Etymology
Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  cheek part of the face

Etymology
Hypocoristic form of (with assimilation k > p).

Adjective

 * 1)  hurt adjectival form for a boo-boo or an owie
 * 2)  crazy

Noun

 * 1) boo-boo, owie minor injury

Noun

 * 1)  wee, wee-wee, pee

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) urine

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cow

Noun

 * 1)  cheek

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cheek part of face

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  cheek part of face

Noun

 * 1) The edible saltwater clam, of the family , endemic to New Zealand.

Noun

 * 1)  pee urine
 * 2)  willy the penis
 * 3)  vagina
 * 1)  vagina
 * 1)  vagina

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  pee

Noun

 * 1)  louse

Noun

 * 1) a peppermint or other sweet candy

Adjective

 * 1) mute; dumb

Etymology 2
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) act of flattening something; act of crushing something

Adjective

 * 1) flattened; crushed

Noun

 * 1) sterility of a woman
 * 2) infertility
 * 3)  unripe fruit of the camachile
 * 1)  unripe fruit of the camachile
 * 1)  unripe fruit of the camachile

Adjective

 * 1) sterile; infertile

Noun

 * 1) sterile woman

Etymology 4
From.

Noun

 * 1) vagina

Etymology 5
From.

Noun

 * 1) act of cleaning clothes; laundry

Etymology 6
Possibly.

Noun

 * 1) a type of tree with big leaves

Noun

 * 1) carving in clay

Noun

 * 1) soap bar

Noun

 * 1) money

Noun

 * 1)  pee-pee, male genitalia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cow, beef

Derived terms

 * corned beef

Noun

 * 1) vagina; female sex organ

title: pipi


text:
kludge

Etymology
Perhaps from British military slang, possibly based on a word  or, or perhaps from. Alternatively, possibly related to and.

Alternatively, perhaps from (a form related to) Germanic words such as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 or Jutland 🇨🇬; compare and standard 🇨🇬. (Compare klutz.)

There is evidence that (which see) was once a separate word with similar meaning but separate derivation, but the spelling  was widely popularized in the US by a 1962  article on "How to Design a Kludge", and since then the two words have often been used as alternative spellings of each other.

According to the OED, an "invented word" influenced by and.

Noun

 * 1)  An improvised device, typically crudely constructed to test the validity of a principle before doing a finished design.
 * 2)  Any construction or practice, typically crude yet effective, designed to solve a problem temporarily or expediently.
 * 3)  An amalgamated mass of unrelated parts.
 * 4)  A badly written or makeshift piece of software; a hack.

Synonyms

 * see Thesaurus:workaround

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: purkkaratkaisu,
 * French:
 * German: Behelfslösung, ,
 * Macedonian: курафте техника
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, ,

Verb

 * 1)  To build or use a kludge.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:kludge

title: kludge


text:
Talk:email

Countability
Is this countable? Can you receive two emails? - (countable; also email message) A message sent by this system. I am searching through my emails.

Second definition under nouns, hun.

I think "email" as in "mail" / "electronic letters" etc has both countable and uncountable uses. Both "I looked through my old emails" and "I looked through my old email" are used. Personally I use only the latter. In fact the word's ancestor, "mail" can only be used uncountably. "I looked through my mails" sound utterly wrong.

Now both "mail" and "email" would have an uncountable, though I prefer to think of them as "absolute" sense as in "(e)mail system": "I received something by (e)mail". — 203.222.154.2 06:29, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Preferences aside, 'mail' is uncountable as 'traffic' is uncountable. Why is 'electronic mail' suddenly countable, aside from a bad habit creeping into language? (I'm trying hard to avoid words like Provincial and Rural)

Email vs. E-mail

 *
 * As is the case with many of the heated discussions here, the issue of email vs. e-mail gets at the heart of what the Wiktionary is supposed to be. Email is clearly the commoner of the two forms, though not by an especially large margin, I'd wager.  On the other hand, I've only ever seen e-mail prescribed or required.  Should commonness be our sole or main criterion for determining which of a pair of words should be the main entry, or would it be prudent to also include some concept of acceptability?
 * In any case, even if we do stick with email, we ought to have a usage comment indicating that the form is prescribed against or unacceptable in certain contexts.
 * More importantly, we should have some basis for which ever decision we go for. Dictionaries, print publications, etc.  To begin with:
 * m-w.com: e-mail only (email brings up a "not in dictionary" page.
 * dictionary.com: e-mail and email (e-mail first)
 * The New Yorker: uses only e-mail
 * The Chicago Manual of Style: uses only e-mail
 * As much as I'd like to move this article to e-mail, I'll only do it if no one responds, or if I get a favorable response.
 *

 * The OED allows "email", marking it only as colloquial in the 1989 edition. I think this spelling should now be regarded as alternative, rather than non-standard.  Though I, personally, always write "e-mail", I would not condemn anyone who omits the hyphen, because the same objection could apply to many other words defined in Wiktionary without a hyphen when I would still insist on a hyphen!  Usage changes!  I was taught to write "to-day", and still prefer this spelling, but it has become obsolete in the last fifty years.    D b f  i  r  s   16:14, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Edited by: Pianosa 22:40, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Adjective

 * I'm pretty sure this was a joke:

Adjective
email

Proununciation

 * IPA: /eɪˈmaɪ/
 * SAMPA: /eI"maI/

 * 1) A moderate bluish-green to greenish-blue.
 * I don't believe that email skirt suits you.

I removed it. It was contributed by an IP user, and I can find no reference to it in a dictionary (granted, it is hard to search for). Please reinstate if you feel this was removed in error.

I have seen it as such in an unabridged dictionary, and it is defined that way in the official Scripps Howard Spelling Bee Paideia Dictionary, so I think it is safe to say that that should stay.

Proof

"In contrast, the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary A-M lists "email" (1993) on p. 802. The real killer was Webster's Third International Dictionary (1993) defining email, p. 738, as "enamel. . a moderate bluish green to greenish blue that is lighter than gendarme. . . " Perhaps, this running together of "email" could be confused with a paint color."

 * I can see adding a   perhaps, but the color?  No, not without attestation that meets Wiktionary's criteria.  (See .)  --Connel MacKenzie 07:09, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The OED has both the "enamel" meaning (from French), and the electronic communication meaning.   D b f  i  r  s   16:14, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Requests for verification - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of July 2008. 06:08, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Requests for verification - senses failed
See this discussion.

Can it be an adjective?
In a phrase like “email message”, isn't email an adjective?
 * No, it's still a noun. It's what they call attributive use. If it were an adjective, you could use words like more or most with it. It's like "privacy policy", which is a policy about privacy, not a policy that's privacy. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:02, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree that it's attributive, but for the purposes of parsing (separate from glossing) it still occupies the grammatical slot of "adjective", being a word or phrase that precedes a noun and gives it a more specific meaning.
 * Whether or not "adjective" should include attributive nouns isn't really relevant. Given that “email something” was originally the predominant usage, and is actually used here in the explanatory text of the noun meanings, it should be documented; it's merely a question of whether the subheading should be "adjective", or "attributive noun", or something else. Martin Kealey (talk) 02:25, 28 April 2017 (UTC)

Email as a proper noun in Australia
When I mentioned "email" to my father in 1985, he was a bit confused, because to him it was the name of a company from which he purchased electricity meters and related equipment. Martin Kealey (talk) 02:35, 28 April 2017 (UTC)

email (verb)
"To send an email or emails to." -> "To send one or more emails to." ? --NoToleranceForIntolerance (talk) 20:54, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

My inbox used to allow only 50 MB of email at a time until last year, when they upgraded it to 2 GBs.
Is this sentence factual? Is there actually a provider that allows up to 2 GBs of attachments at a time? Otherwise the number should be changed to something that can be sourced. --2001:16B8:31DF:5400:88EA:B6DB:16A1:1491 13:17, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

 * I don't think it is referring to 2 GB attached to one single e-mail. Certainly you could have a mailbox with unlimited quota, so yeah, possible. Equinox ◑ 13:20, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

"Transferring messages" -- but mainly human-focused
"Transferring messages" is rather vague, as this could mean things like UDP, TCP, RPC that are control messages seen only by cmoputers. Yet email is usually (not always) messages written and read by human beings. So maybe the def could be improved. Equinox ◑ 17:00, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:email


text:
Talk:gnu

What is another name for a Gnu?
 * Wildebeest. — T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 00:21, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

people pronounce the "g"
I think a lot of people on TV and in films pronounce it "guh-noo" or something like that. Siuenti (talk) 21:54, 28 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:gnu


text:
cachinnate

Etymology
, of origin.

Verb

 * 1)  To laugh loudly, immoderately, or too often.

title: cachinnate


text:
Talk:prick

does this apply only to the feeling? or isn't the pircing itself a prick?

Requests for verification - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of February 2008. 21:00, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:prick


text:
pushpit

Etymology
1960s: humorous formation, suggested by (since  is the opposite of ).

Noun

 * 1) The railing at the stern of a boat.

Translations

 * Finnish: takakaide

title: pushpit


text:
railing

Noun

 * 1) A fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports.
 * During the war, everyone's railings were taken away to make bombers.

Usage notes
British use is normally the plural.

Translations

 * Armenian: ճաղավանդակ,
 * Basque: baranda
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: zábradlí
 * Danish: rækværk
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, rauta-aita
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: ráille
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 手すり
 * Latin: cancellī
 * Norman: bârrotîns
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: rekkverk, gelender
 * Nynorsk: rekkverk, gelender
 * Occitan: barralha, retenedor,
 * Ottoman Turkish: پرمقلق
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: callaid
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:

title: railing


text:
foo-foo juice

Etymology

 * Possibly "foo-foo", suggesting effeminacy, and juice; possibly coined by submariners.

Noun

 * 1)  Aftershave or cologne.
 * 2)  Hair tonic.

title: foo-foo juice


text:
heterodox

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to creeds, beliefs, or teachings, especially religious ones, that are different from what a religion (or sect) believes to be orthodox, but (usually) not conflicting with that religion's established beliefs and therefore not heretical.
 * Most Christian denominations consider each other heterodox.
 * Most Christian denominations consider each other heterodox.
 * Most Christian denominations consider each other heterodox.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: այլափառ
 * Basque: heterodoxo
 * Belarusian: неартадаксальны
 * Bulgarian: неправоверен,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: heterodoksinen,
 * French:
 * Galician: heterodoxo
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: heitreadocsach
 * Italian:, , , , scismatico
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian:

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1)  deviating from some orthodoxy, whether religious or ideological

title: heterodox


text: realtime

title: realtime


text:
amnesiac

Noun

 * 1) Person who suffers from loss of memory (amnesia).

Translations

 * French:
 * Polish: amnezjak

title: amnesiac


text:
jerk off

Verb

 * 1)  To masturbate manually.
 * 2)  To manually stimulate another person's penis.
 * 3)  To do nothing; to waste time.
 * 4)  To deceive.
 * 1)  To do nothing; to waste time.
 * 2)  To deceive.
 * 1)  To deceive.

Translations

 * Armenian: ժաժ տալ
 * Azerbaijani: kəfləmə atmaq, kəfləmə vurmaq, suxoy atmaq, suxoy vurmaq
 * Belarusian: драчы́ць
 * Bikol Central: jakol
 * Bulgarian: мастурбирам
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 打炮
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:, , 見伍姑娘,
 * Czech: vyhonit si, honit si
 * Danish: spille pik, gokke den af, rive den af
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian: pihku peksma, pihku taguma, onama
 * Faroese: fleyga sær
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: ნძრევა, ანძრევს
 * German:, sich einen runterholen
 * Greek: τα ξύνω
 * Ancient: δέφομαι
 * Hebrew: עשה ביד, הביא ביד
 * Hungarian:, , kiveri
 * Icelandic: runka sér
 * Italian: farsi una sega
 * Japanese:, マスをかく
 * Korean: 수음하다,
 * Latin: glubo
 * Lithuanian: smaukyti
 * Maltese: ġerrieh
 * Polish:, trzepać gruchę
 * Portuguese: tocar punheta,
 * Romanian: face labă,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: дркати
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovene: dŕkati
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: jakol
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: дрочи́ти
 * Vietnamese:
 * West Frisian: lobje
 * Yiddish:

Noun

 * 1)  An act of masturbation.
 * 2)  A stunt in which the performer is suddenly pulled off a horse, etc. by means of a cable.
 * 1)  A stunt in which the performer is suddenly pulled off a horse, etc. by means of a cable.
 * 1)  A stunt in which the performer is suddenly pulled off a horse, etc. by means of a cable.

title: jerk off


text:
Hibernensis

Proper noun

 * 1) Canon law in early medieval Ireland.

title: Hibernensis


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌpə

Pronunciation
-ŭpə, /-ʌpə/, /-Vp@/

Two syllables

 * cuppa

title: Rhymes:English/ʌpə


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌpə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭpə(r), /-ʌpə(r)/, /-Vp@(r)/

Two syllables

 * brupper
 * cupper
 * lupper
 * scupper
 * supper
 * Tupper
 * upper

title: Rhymes:English/ʌpə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌɹə

Pronunciation
-ŭrə, /-ʌɹə/, /-Vr@/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌɹə


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌʃə

Pronunciation
-ŭshə(r), /-ʌʃə(ɹ)/, /-VS@(r)/

Two syllables

 * Prussia
 * Russia

Three syllables

 * Laurussia

Four syllables

 * Byelorussia

title: Rhymes:English/ʌʃə


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌʃə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭshə(r), /-ʌʃə(ɹ)/, /-VS@(r)/

Two syllables

 * blusher
 * brusher
 * crusher
 * flusher
 * gusher
 * musher
 * plusher
 * rusher
 * usher
 * Usher

title: Rhymes:English/ʌʃə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌstə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭstə(r), /-ʌstə(r)/, /-Vst@(r)/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌstə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌtə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭtə(r), /-ʌtə(r)/, /-Vt@(r)/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌtə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌðə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭthə(r), /-ʌðə(ɹ)/, /-VD@(r)/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌðə(ɹ)


text:
Talk:弁

Is this character also a Japanese simplification of 辧? I think my Japanese IME offers it as a variant. — Hippietrail 11:29, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

花弁　=　はなびら　／　かなべ　？　　--94.220.129.172 13:41, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:弁


text:
Talk:辧

Is 弁 a Japanese simplification of this character too? — Hippietrail 11:34, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:辧


text:
bung-hole

Noun

 * 1) A hole in a vessel, such as a cask, that may be stopped with a bung.
 * Pop a tap in the barrel's bung-hole so you can pour us a round of beer, innkeeper!
 * 1)  The anus.
 * 1)  The anus.

Translations

 * Finnish: tapinreikä, tulpan aukko, tyhjennysaukko
 * German: Spundloch
 * Polish:

 * French:, , ,
 * Russian: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To have penetrative anal sex with.

title: bung-hole


text:
cuppa

Etymology
Contraction of (with “tea” or sometimes “coffee” implied). See also,.

Noun

 * 1)  A cup of tea (or sometimes any hot drink).
 * 2) * 1992, Machine Knitting Monthly, Maidenhead: Machine Knitting Monthly Ltd.,
 * Back home safely, I made a cuppa and sat for a good hour revelling in my favourite magazine.
 * 1) * 2017 Mrs. S. "Guillotines Decide" Orphan Black
 * Get Kira up. I'll pour you a cuppa.
 * 1)  Whatever interests or suits one; one's cup of tea.
 * 1) * 2017 Mrs. S. "Guillotines Decide" Orphan Black
 * Get Kira up. I'll pour you a cuppa.
 * 1)  Whatever interests or suits one; one's cup of tea.

Derived terms

 * cuppa joe

Etymology
Found in and 🇨🇬. From Classical. Possibly influenced by, from.

Noun

 * 1) drinking vessel
 * 2) barrel, cask
 * 3) axle
 * 4) bar of an oil press

Descendants
''Many descendants of 🇨🇬 have conflated with this word. See there for more.''
 * Eastern Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:

title: cuppa


text:
o'

Noun

 * 1) hair

Etymology 1
From, from , an unstressed form of , , from.

Preposition

 * 1) of

title: o'


text:
bruv

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , mate, friend.
 * 1)  ironic usage of bruv by people whose dialect would otherwise call for bruh.
 * 1)  ironic usage of bruv by people whose dialect would otherwise call for bruh.

Usage notes

 * Used mainly in London or other city dialects, particularly in Multicultural London English. This term is also used in Canada, more specifically in Toronto, where the dialect mostly uses this term in Multicultural Toronto English. This term is also used in Australia, mainly in urbanised cities such as Sydney and Melbourne, and is often used ironically as a form of hostility.

title: bruv


text:
TTYL

Translations

 * French: ALP

title: TTYL


text:
bruvver

Etymology
Representing the Cockney or Multicultural London English pronunciation of.

Noun

 * 1)  Brother.
 * 2) * 1953, Ezra Pound, letter to Margaret Anderson, reproduced in Thomas L. Scott et al. (editors), Pound/The Little Review: the Letters of Ezra Pound to Margaret Anderson, New Directions Books (1988), page 314:
 * Gurdjieff I thot a man an a bruvver, but NObuddy is goin to swallow Ouspensky

title: bruvver


text:
OMG

Etymology 1
An abbreviation of, although sometimes glossed using minced oaths to avoid offense. In its first attestation, also intended as a punning reference to the Order of St Michael and St George.

Interjection

 * 1)  ; oh my God

Usage notes
Due to its invocation of God, OMG may be considered offensive by some, although this can be minimized by a claim that one intends a such as  or.

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1) OMG

Adjective

 * 1)   immature

title: OMG


text:
IRL

Etymology
Initialisms and abbreviations.

Adverb

 * 1)   (as opposed to online).

Adjective

 * 1) Existing or being such in real life.

Noun

 * 1)  An IRL friend.

title: IRL


text:
yer

Etymology 1
Most likely from the intrusive R, between "yeah" (/jəː/) and a non-high vowel (/ə/, /ɪə/, /ɑː/, /ɔː/). For example, "Yeah-r-I know" (/jəɹ ʌɪ nəʊ/)

Adverb

 * , yes.

Etymology 2
and.

Noun

 * 1) Either of the letters ъ and ь in Cyrillic alphabets, which originally represented phonemically the ultra-short vowels in Slavic languages.

Etymology 3
From.

Pronoun

 * 1)   (plural or singular)

Contraction

 * , you are.

Etymology
Ultimately from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) ground
 * 2) place, location
 * 3) space
 * 4)  bed, mattress, bedding
 * 1) space
 * 2)  bed, mattress, bedding
 * 1)  bed, mattress, bedding

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
Ultimately from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) earth.
 * 2) place, location.

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) soil, ground
 * 2) place
 * 3) rank
 * 4) dignity

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) yesterday

Derived terms

 * avantyer

Pronoun

 * 1) your

Etymology
From Proto-Fula-Serer *yɛr, whence also 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to drink

Etymology 1
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) place, location
 * 2) the ground, the earth
 * 1) the ground, the earth

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) earth
 * 2) soil, ground

Etymology
From, from , from.

Determiner

 * 1) your

title: yer


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌvə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
,

Two syllables

 * bruvver
 * cover
 * glover
 * Glover
 * lover
 * plover

Three syllables

 * discover
 * recover
 * uncover

Four syllables

 * rediscover
 * undercover

title: Rhymes:English/ʌvə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌzə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ŭzə(r), /-ʌzə(ɹ)/, /-Vz@(r)/

Two syllables

 * buzzer

title: Rhymes:English/ʌzə(ɹ)


text:
youse

Usage notes

 * Both yourselves and youseselves are found as reflexive forms:
 * Both your and youse's are found as possessive forms:
 * Both your and youse's are found as possessive forms:
 * Both your and youse's are found as possessive forms:

Determiner

 * Have youse gentlemen finished talking?
 * Have youse gentlemen finished talking?

Usage notes

 * The standard contraction for you is is you’s (e.g. talking to you’s always fun). In transcribing the AAVE usage of you is where standard English has you are, either you’s or youse is used. E.g, either you’s a damn fool or youse a damn fool.

title: youse


text:
pukka

Etymology
From, and , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Genuine or authentic; hence of behaviour: correct, socially acceptable or proper.
 * 2)  Permament; built with high-quality materials (especially fired clay bricks and tiles as opposed to unfired mud and thatch).
 * 3) Superior or of high quality; first-class.
 * 4)  Excellent, fantastic, great.
 * 1)  Permament; built with high-quality materials (especially fired clay bricks and tiles as opposed to unfired mud and thatch).
 * 2) Superior or of high quality; first-class.
 * 3)  Excellent, fantastic, great.
 * 1)  Permament; built with high-quality materials (especially fired clay bricks and tiles as opposed to unfired mud and thatch).
 * 2) Superior or of high quality; first-class.
 * 3)  Excellent, fantastic, great.
 * 1) Superior or of high quality; first-class.
 * 2)  Excellent, fantastic, great.
 * 1)  Excellent, fantastic, great.
 * 1)  Excellent, fantastic, great.

Translations

 * Latvian: īsts, pirmklasīgs
 * Russian:, ,

title: pukka


text:
missä

Pronoun

 * 1)  in most cases translated in English with the preposition "in", in what/which, what/which ... in
 * 2)  where
 * 1)  where
 * 1)  where

Adverb

 * 1)  where

title: missä


text:
putrid

Etymology
From, borrowed from or directly from , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) Rotting, rotten, being in a state of putrefaction. 1
 * Of, relating to, or characteristic of putrefaction, especially having a bad smell, like that of rotting flesh.
 * 1) Vile, disgusting.
 * 2) Morally corrupt.
 * 3) Totally objectionable.
 * 1) Vile, disgusting.
 * 2) Morally corrupt.
 * 3) Totally objectionable.
 * 1) Morally corrupt.
 * 2) Totally objectionable.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: pútrid
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, hnijící,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, , übelriechend, ,
 * Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σαπρός
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: puter
 * Macedonian: гнил, ра́спаднат
 * Maori: ero, piro, kerakera, pīhonga, pirau, kōhangohango
 * Plautdietsch: ful
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Yiddish: פֿױל

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) rotten,, decayed, spoiled

Etymology
, from. Doublet of the inherited.

title: putrid


text:
Doina

Etymology
From. Cognate with Latvian and Lithuanian Daina.

title: Doina


text:
brontology

Noun

 * 1)  The study of thunder.
 * 2)  A treatise on the subject of thunder.

title: brontology


text:
diatribe

Etymology
First attested 1581, borrowed from, from , from , from +

Noun

 * 1) An abusive, bitter verbal or written attack, criticism or denunciation.
 * 2) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
 * 1) A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.

Translations

 * Czech: jízlivost, (slovní) výpad, diatriba
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German: gehässiger Angriff,, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: διατριβή
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: диатриба, обличительная речь
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: stridsskrift, ,

 * Czech: diatriba
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: διατριβή
 * Ido:
 * Italian:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: diatriba
 * Russian: диатриба
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  abusive, bitter discourse

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  bitter denunciation
 * 2)  prolonged discourse
 * 1)  prolonged discourse

title: diatribe


text:
Appendix talk:English irregular verbs

There are currently some irregular verbs missing:

1. clothe (clothed, also clad), Provide with clothes or put clothes on, "Parents must feed and clothe their child"

2. gnaw (gnawed,gnawn), Bite or chew on with the teeth, "gnaw an old cracker" 3. grip (gripped,gripping), Hold fast or firmly "He gripped the steering wheel" 4. lade (laded,laden), Usage: archaic, Remove with or as if with a ladle, "lade the water out of the bowl"

5. melt (melted,molten), Reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating, "melt butter"; "melt down gold"; "The wax melted in the sun"

6. rot (rotted,rotten,rotting), Break down, "The bodies rotted in the heat"

7. shred (shred,shredded,shredding), Tear into shreds

8. stave (stove, also staved), Furnish with staves, "stave a ladder", Burst or force (a hole) into something

9. telecast (telecast,telecasted), Broadcast via television, "The Royal wedding was telecasted"

10. dare (durst,dared), Usage: archaic "I durst not laugh for fear of opening my lips and receiving the bad air"

11. earn (earned/earnt), Receive payment for work, "I earnt £100 yesterday"

There is a very restrictive sense in which fly has a past form of flied. It is found in baseball, where it means to hit a fly ball. Thus, "He flied out to short center field".

 * That's because it derives from the noun fly, which I forget what it means (something to do with baseball, anyway), but if you read Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct, it's in there somewhere. Also, he says that the past tense of broadcast is often broadcasted for a similar reason; it derives from the noun broadcast; whoever made the list missed that out.

 * Another similar example is the limited number of situations and meanings where payed is the past tense of pay.

I don't believe that awakened is correctly labeled as the simple past form of 'to awake'. There is a regular verb 'to awaken' for which the simple past and past participle are both 'awakened'.

I think many of these verbs are incorrectly labled as irregular (strong). They may have been at one time, but through analogy, they are now considered regular (weak). A true strong verb will not end with an -ed or even a -t, and will show a stem vowel change. From what I understand, there should only be about 70 remaining strong verbs.

alright, I fixed up a bunch of this. Don't just revert the whole thing--what do you think? 68.186.66.236 00:28, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Changes; separate pages for unusual and archaic verbs?
I deleted awaken and bust because according to the American Heritage dictionary, they're regular. I also deleted the regular dive for scuba diving. I can say, "The scuba diver dove," but I can't say, "He scuba-dove," because the compound verb "scuba-dive" is regular. I removed seethe because the irregular form is archaic.

I have a database of verbs where I divide the "normal" irregular verbs from those that are uncommon (chide, hew, etc.), compounds (beginning with back-, be-, fore-, cross-, etc.), British (sorry, I'm Amerocentric :, archaic (e.g., clothe/clad/clad) and defective - usually the modal verbs like can, shall, etc. that have no infinitives (to can?) and no past participles (have could?). I think dividing the list of verbs in this way is more helpful to English learners so that they don't waste their time learning verbs like "gird/girt/girt."

Question 1: In the UK, can you say, "quitted a job" or can you only use the regular form to mean leave, as in "quitted the room"?

Question 2: Is sweated used in the UK? DBlomgren 03:42, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * To answer those two questions quickly: as a BE speaker, I would use "quit" for a job, but never with the regular past tense: "yesterday I quit my job". On the other hand, I do use the regular past tense of "sweat", and I don't think I'd even heard the other one, though usually I'm quite well up on variants.
 * Just one comment on the above discussion: please don't use the words "weak" and "strong" as synonyms for "regular" and "irregular". There are good articles over on Wikipedia on "Germanic strong verb" and "Germanic weak verb" which make the difference clear, these are two distinct systems and have nothing to do with the issue of regularity.
 * Wikipedia also has a list of English irregular verbs; I'm not sure what the point is in having two, but at any rate there is an opportunity there for comparison. The Wikipedia list has the advantage of noting the verb classes and categories in most cases, which is important for anyone wanting a deeper understanding, though not much help really for foreign learners.
 * --Doric Loon 13:35, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The AHD is a good dictionary ... for American English. Jimp 02:24, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Infinitive?
Surely the infinitive form of a verb in English should include to? Shouldn't we use another term ('verb stem'?) for the simple forms listed in the table? --Oolong 12:02, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I've changed it to present tense. Jimp 06:47, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

I'm going to change "present tense" to "simple form" for several reasons: DBlomgren 04:52, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) The present tense has two forms, for example, "have" and "has", "get" and "gets," so the "present tense" heading inaccurately implies there is only one form.
 * 2) As an English teacher, I've noticed that the definition of "infinitive" varies depending on what side of the Atlantic you're on. On the west side, "to go" is an infinitive while on the east side, "go" is the infinitive, so calling this column an infinitive won't please a lot of people.
 * 3) I'm guessing that "simple form" will satisfy most people, but I may be wrong.

 * The following has been moved from w:Talk:List of English irregular verbs.

There are currently some irregular verbs missing: Ncik 00:41, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * abide
 * beget
 * chide
 * deep-freeze

It seems to me that abide and chide have been turned or were in the first place regular (abide, abided, abided; chide, chided, chided). I am unconvinced deep-freeze is a verb of its own any more than heavy labor or hard work; deep is just modifing freeze. You may have a point on beget. --66.67.57.134 07:40, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

I also don't see "undergo". (outgo and forego are in there). Maybe compound words should be listed with the main word, so undergo, forego, etc. would be best off listed with go. Ken Arromdee 21:59, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Lie
Okay, I'm aware that a dictionary will tell you that the past of "I'm gonna lie down in my bed" is "I lay down in my bed", and the pp. is "I had just lain down in my bed"... however, this is about the English language, not the English dictionary. As there is no official academy for English, the language is defined by actual worldwide usage. (Anyone can write a dictionary, after all.) If it weren't for the dictionaries being so insistently archaic, we wouldn't have lay and lain in there at all, at least if I had my way. (After all, we don't have "span" as a past of "to spin", among tons of others...) Oh well. Thoughts? Matt Yeager  ♫  (Talk? ) 00:22, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, no, not anyone can write a dictionary. Modern dictionaries are based upon VAST amounts of painstaking descriptive work, and few of us are qualified to do this.  If a form you use is not in the dictionary, chances are it is your own private quirk, which you are entitled to, but let's leave it at that.
 * The present article has got to be about irregular verbs in standard English, because all the possible variants in non-standard varieties would just blow the scope of it. Or do you really want me to put in all the variants I know from Scotland???  You may say something colloquially, and it's one of the glories of the richness of our language that you are able to do that.  But a list of irregular verbs should only include forms which you can show from a verifiable source to be regarded as standard in either Britain or America.  --Doric Loon 13:38, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Breastfeed/ Breast-feed
Is this irregular? Similar to spoonfeed? RAYMI. If so, please add. 01/12/2006

 * Yes, this is irregular - it goes like feed-fed-fed. However I wonder if it is really helpful to include all possible compound verbs in this table.  --Doric Loon 09:48, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

-en
The forms drunken, sunken etc., are they verbs? I have always thought that they are adjectives, and not perfect participle. I have nnever heard anybody say: My ship had sunken. But my ship had sunk. --Guest 09:17, 8 June 2007

offset
Why isn't offset in the list? 200.67.45.202 15:26, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

It means renumbering the list. It is now in Category:English irregular verbs though -- Algrif 17:15, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Numbering
Can we get rid of the numbering? What is the use for it anyway? I makes adding new verbs difficult and tedious. H. (talk) 20:21, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

3rd sing. present irregularities
the irregularity of say, have, and do should also be noted in the 3rd sg present forms. Ishwar 08:45, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Why I removed verbs
Hey, I was being bold. I removed a lot of verbs because they're not listed in the American Heritage College Dictionary. Tomorrow I plan to continue removing verbs and will fix the numbering. If you have a reason to want the verbs back in the list, please let me know. DBlomgren 05:23, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Okay, I've finished editing. I'm really confused why there were so many Germanic-looking past participles (founden, misunderstanden, rewounden, etc.). If someone can clear up that mystery, I'd appreciate it. (Måybe it var de Svedish chef!)

I based my deletions on my American dictionary. If anyone wants to add verbs that are in their English dictionary, please tell us what dictionary you're using and don't base it on the way yor pappy done be used to talk. :) DBlomgren 05:40, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Swear
Hi! Does the verb swear not have another, archaic form of past simple: sware? Because my dictionary contains and I think it exists because I've heard in films using archaic and formal language. I just wanted to ask before making a change as I am not a native speaker. Thanks Ferike333 11:34, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

rot
What on rot/rotted/rotten?

 * rotten isnt a verb form Ishwar

Panic
This is regular, no? Or is there some stress-related or other "sneaky" irregularity I'm unaware of? --Tropylium 15:16, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

"panicked" and "picnicked" are spelling irregularities rather than irregular forms, but deserve to be included; however the latter needs to be corrected from "picknicked" which is wrong.

Lay Down
Shouldn't the verb to lay as in "to lay down" be on here? I'm from the U.S. and I've never heard anyone say, "I need to lie down". Here it's almost always, "I need to lay down".

I believe for this one it would be: lay/laid/laid

I'm not quite sure about this, but wouldn't these be justifiable examples of this?

He needs to lay down. (infinitive) I had laid down over there. (past participle) He laid on the sofa. (past tense)

Thoughts? Kr0n05931 12:40, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It's lie. Jimp 05:29, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

Dubious
25 April 2010 edits by 75.72.200.94 seem a dodgy. Jimp 10:29, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:English irregular verbs


text:
Talk:youse

Upper Midwest?
Why does this say Upper Midwest. Never used here. This is a NYC Bronx term.

 * The original article said Milwaukee specifically. "Upper midwest" is probably too broad.  Bronx should definitely be included. -dmh 00:21, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Addendum: The AHD says "Chiefly Northern US", though I doubt you'll see much of it west of Minnesota. It's also listed in a "Cheddarhead dictionary", supporting the idea that it's used in Wisconsin.  I also see it in an article on "How to Speak or Talk Like A True Minnesota Person", and in references to Chicago.  (Note for non-US readers: Minnesota, Wisconsin and Chicago are all in the Upper Midwest.  Milwaukee is in Wisconsin. A cheddarhead is somone from Wisconsin.)

 * The New York version acts differently: it may occasionally be grammatically singular (e.g., So youse wants a Brooklyn T-Shirt? or if youse is from da Bronx). It's also worth checking whether a Minnesotan or Wisconsonian would say "all of youse" (probably) or "youse two guys" (not sure).

 * Finally, it's also used as an alternate spelling of "you's" for "you is" in AAVE. -dmh 00:39, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Note that I carefully say "gramatically singular" for the East Coast usage. I simply don't know whether it's semantically singular, plural or both. -dmh 15:17, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Request for verification
Rfv-synonyms:
 * all o' ya'z, yiz guys

—Ruakh TALK 13:53, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
 * We don't really have a home for characteristic regional pronunciations of typical non-idiomatic phrases, do we? The eye-dialect often may not be attestable and would be highly variable. Should we have "Appendix:English pronunciation Philadelphia" and similar? I'm not be sure how a normal user would find it without something like soundex search, but it seems relevant for us. It seems a big mistake to have a large number of regional pronunciations unhidden under the L3/4 Pronunciation header even if there is a valid corresponding entry for a word or phrase. DCDuring TALK 15:10, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

 * The phrases all yaz and yiz guys are attested in Google Books. This would lead me to list yaz and yiz as alternate forms of youse, with citations demonstrating actual usage.  These are attested spellings in written work, which may convey regional pronunciation, but they are not pronunciations in the sense we use the term. —Michael Z. 2009-09-12 16:47 z
 * I didn't mean the sequence of letters. I meant the pronunciation that they are evidently intended to represent. I believe we could use some Appendices on geographic and possibly other variations. all yuz and all yaz seem idiomatic because of the funny grammar (or ellipted "of", depending on how you analyze it) and worth entries if attestable. "yiz guys" doesn't seem CFI-idiomatic.

RFV failed, synonyms removed. —Ruakh TALK 01:58, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

Entry entirely wrong
The entry currently has two meanings:

 * 1) (regional) You (plural). Sometimes as youse guys
 * 2) (Boston, New York and Philadelphia) You (singular).

Fine. But then "youse" has no relation to "yous" and is not used in Scotland and Ireland.

 * 1) I'm not even sure that it's a pronoun in "youse guys".  (Sounds more like a determiner, like "those" in "those guys".)
 * 2) And "yous" is never used as "you (singular)" - at least not in Scotland or Ireland.

Maybe the first definition is just badly written. Should the "youse guys" example just be removed or moved to somewhere else. If we do that, then it would be correct that that meaning of "youse" (i.e. "you (plural)") is an alternative spelling of the "yous" used in Scotland and Ireland.

It wouldn't be a loss if someone just blanked this article and started again. Gronky (talk) 09:41, 6 June 2013 (UTC)

 * As far as "youse guys" goes, I believe the intention is that the phrase as a whole is the pronoun, although I would attest that it can be parsed as a determiner+noun combination in this case. "Youse guys" is a common enough pronominal set-phrase, at least in Yorkshire (the extent of my knowledge on the subject) and could probably be put into a usage note somewhere. ATMarsden (talk) 08:40, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I would suggest something along the following lines:
 * ====Pronoun====
 * You (plural).
 * (Boston, New York and Philadelphia) You (singular).
 * =====Usage notes=====
 * Youse as a plural is found in Australia, England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, parts of the northern United States, and parts of Ontario.
 * Youse as a singular is found in Philadelphia, New York, Boston and scattered throughout working class Italian-American communities in the Rust Belt.
 * Youse is also used as a determiner in the pronominal set-phrase youse guys, found in Yorkshire and Scotland.
 * =====Usage notes=====
 * Youse as a plural is found in Australia, England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, parts of the northern United States, and parts of Ontario.
 * Youse as a singular is found in Philadelphia, New York, Boston and scattered throughout working class Italian-American communities in the Rust Belt.
 * Youse is also used as a determiner in the pronominal set-phrase youse guys, found in Yorkshire and Scotland.

 * I am not a regular Wiktionary editor, hence why I haven't put this edit up. If someone could help out, that would be appreciated. ATMarsden (talk) 08:49, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:youse


text: you's

title: you's


text:
Neolithic

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) The New Stone Age, from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE.

Translations

 * Asturian: neolíticu
 * Bulgarian: новокаменна епоха
 * Catalan: neolític
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: neolit
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: neoliitikum
 * Finnish: neoliittinen kausi, nuorempi kivikausi
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek: Νεολιθική
 * Hindi: नवपाषाण युग
 * Interlingua: Neolitic
 * Irish: Nua-Chlochaois, Tréimhse Neoiliteach
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Maltese: neolitiku
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Linn Ùr na Cloiche
 * Sicilian: neoliticu
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: neolitisk tid,, yngre stenålder,
 * Thai: ยุคหินใหม่
 * Turkish: Neolitik Çağ
 * Vietnamese: thời đại đồ đá mới

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the New Stone Age.

Translations

 * Catalan: neolític
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 新石器時代的
 * Czech:
 * Danish: yngre stenalder
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: नवपाषाण
 * Irish: Neoiliteach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:, 신석기(新石器)
 * Latin: neolithicus
 * Latvian: neolīts
 * Maltese: neolitiku, neolitiċi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: neolittisk
 * Nynorsk: neolittisk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1) A person who lived during the New Stone Age.

title: Neolithic


text:
vanille

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) vanilla

Noun

 * 1)  vanilla

title: vanille


text:
gumption

Etymology

 * further etymology unknown, possibly connected with 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬. English cognates include and.

Noun

 * 1)  Common sense, initiative, resourcefulness.
 * 2)  Boldness of enterprise; aggressiveness or initiative.
 * 3)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
 * 1)  Boldness of enterprise; aggressiveness or initiative.
 * 2)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
 * 1)  Boldness of enterprise; aggressiveness or initiative.
 * 2)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
 * 1)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
 * 1)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
 * 1)  Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, здрав разум
 * Czech:, filip, chytrost
 * Dutch:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Macedonian: здрав ра́зум, снао́дливост, досе́тливост
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Väanämungsjeist
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: kuráž,
 * Dutch:
 * German:, , Unternehmenssinn
 * Macedonian: претприе́мчивост
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,

 * Dutch:
 * German: ,
 * Macedonian: одушеву́вање
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: ,

title: gumption


text:
esker

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.
 * 2) * 2001, Allan D. Randall, Hydrogeologic Framework of Stratified-drift Aquifers in the Glaciated Northeastern United States, US Geological Survey Paper 1415-B, page B37,
 * The multiple deltas must have formed sequentially, which led Thompson (1982) to conclude that the eskers were built in successive segments.
 * 1) * 2001, Allan D. Randall, Hydrogeologic Framework of Stratified-drift Aquifers in the Glaciated Northeastern United States, US Geological Survey Paper 1415-B, page B37,
 * The multiple deltas must have formed sequentially, which led Thompson (1982) to conclude that the eskers were built in successive segments.

Translations

 * Asturian: esker
 * Czech: esker
 * Dutch: esker, smeltwaterrug
 * Estonian: oos, vallseljak
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: esker
 * German:, , Wallberg, Esker
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: eiscir
 * Italian: esker
 * Norwegian: esker, rullesteinsås, geiterygg
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Welsh: esgair
 * Zazaki: quç

Noun

 * 1) gratitude, thankfulness
 * 2) benefit
 * 3) merit

Postposition

 * 1) thanks to, owing to

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) soldier

title: esker


text:
colonia

Noun

 * 1) colony

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) colony

Etymology 2
Short for, itself a calque of.

Noun

 * 1) cologne, eau de Cologne

Noun

 * 1) holding (farm)

Noun

 * 1) resort

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) A colony, settlement.
 * 2) A possession in land, land attached to a farm, estate.
 * 3)  The people composing a colony, colonists.

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) colony
 * 2)  neighbourhood

Usage notes

 * In Mexico it is usually shortened and capitalized as "Col." in addresses, where it has postal value and is obligatory (or, or ), alongside of postal code (zip code).

Etymology 2
From, from , ultimately from , Cologne, the current city in Germany, and cognate of colony.

Noun

 * 1) eau de Cologne

title: colonia


text:
User:Fluffy~enwiktionary

from tokyo, Japan

title: User:Fluffy~enwiktionary


text:
Cheddarhead

Etymology

 * Wisconsin is famed for its cheese production.

Noun

 * 1)  A Wisconsinite.

title: Cheddarhead


text:
Algonquin

Etymology
From, from earlier , from either Maliseet elakómkwik ("these are our relatives") or.

Noun

 * 1) A member of an aboriginal North American people closely related to the Odawa and Ojibwe, and living mainly in Quebec.

Translations

 * Algonquin: omàmiwininì, Anicinàpe, Anicinâbe
 * Portuguese: algonquinos
 * Russian:
 * Swahili: Mwalgonkwini

Proper noun

 * 1) The language spoken by the Algonquins, a transitional language between Ojibwe and Abenaki.
 * 2) A place name:

Translations

 * Algonquin: anicinâbemowin, ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ
 * German:
 * Portuguese:
 * Swahili: Kialgonkwini

title: Algonquin


text:
Algonkin

Proper noun

 * 1) Algonquin language

title: Algonkin


text:
fortunate

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Morphologically.

Adjective

 * 1) Auspicious.
 * It is a fortunate sign if the sun shines on a newly wedded couple.
 * 1) Happening by good luck or favorable chance.
 * Patrick was the unlikely match-winner as Berkeley earned a fortunate victory over Chisolm.
 * 1) Favored by fortune.
 * This is a time when we think of those less fortunate than ourselves.
 * 1) Favored by fortune.
 * This is a time when we think of those less fortunate than ourselves.
 * This is a time when we think of those less fortunate than ourselves.
 * This is a time when we think of those less fortunate than ourselves.

Synonyms

 * ; see also Thesaurus:auspicious
 * ; see also Thesaurus:lucky
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:prosperous

Translations

 * American Sign Language: Open8@Chin-PalmBack Open8@NearSideChinhigh-PalmForward
 * Bulgarian: късметли́йски
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍃
 * Ido:
 * Irish: sonasach, méanar
 * Manx: traaoil
 * Maori: momoho, angitu
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Urdu: خوش قسمت

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: propici
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ido: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, propici
 * Finnish: ,
 * German:
 * Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍
 * Ottoman Turkish: قوتلو
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Russian: ,

 * American Sign Language: Open8@Chin-PalmBack Open8@NearSideChinhigh-PalmForward
 * Bulgarian: късметли́йски
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: heldig
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐυτυχής
 * Latin: fortunātus
 * Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍
 * Ottoman Turkish: قوتلو
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fortanach
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tocharian B: skwassu

 * Irish:
 * Norwegian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) prosperously, fortunately

title: fortunate


text: AAVE

title: AAVE


text:
African-American Vernacular English

Proper noun

 * 1) A variation of Modern English spoken predominantly by lower socioeconomic class individuals of African descent, usually in urban or suburban surroundings in the United States.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 非洲裔美國人白話英語
 * Finnish: afrikkalaisamerikkalainen englanti
 * German: afroamerikanisches Englisch
 * Japanese: 黒人英語
 * Portuguese: vernáculo afro-americano
 * Russian: Афроамериканский англи́йский
 * Turkish: Afroamerikan vernaküler İngilizcesi, Afroamerikan İngilizcesi

title: African-American Vernacular English


text:
fortunately

Adverb

 * 1) In a fortunate manner.
 * 2) It is (or was, etc) fortunate that.

Synonyms

 * (in a fortunate manner): auspiciously, luckily
 * (it is fortunate that): happily, luckily, mercifully, thankfully

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: уда́чна, уда́ла, шчаслі́ва, паспяхо́ва
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: feliĉe
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: საბედნიეროდ
 * German: mit Glück,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Maori: māringanui
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: heldigvis
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: afortunadamente
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: nasreću
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, уда́тно, , успі́шно

 * Arabic: لِحُسْن اَلْحَظّ
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: xoşbəxtlikdən
 * Belarusian: на шча́сце
 * Bulgarian: за щастие
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: საბედნიეროდ
 * German: ; ;
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: fortunatemente
 * Italian: per fortuna,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 다행스럽게도, 운 좋게도
 * Latin: feliciter
 * Maori: maringanui, māringanui, mokori anō
 * Norman: par bounheur
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: din fericire
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, som tur är
 * Tagalog: sa kabutihang palad
 * Turkish: neyse ki,, çok şükür, iyi ki
 * Ukrainian: на ща́стя

title: fortunately


text:
Ebonics

Etymology
. Coined by scholars at the 1973 Cognitive and Language Development of the Black Child conference led by and published in his 1975 book Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks. Considered outdated by some.

Proper noun

 * 1) African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

title: Ebonics


text: cannibalising

title: cannibalising


text:
cannibalise

Verb

 * 1)  To eat (parts of) another of one's own species.
 * The female black widow spider is known to cannibalise the male.
 * 1)  To remove parts of (a machine, etc) for use in other similar machines.
 * 2) * 1991, Anthony Kemp, The SAS at War 1941–1945 (John Murray (Publishers) Ltd):
 * When the attack ceased they managed to cannibalize parts to get one truck going and set off for the rendezvous with Fraser, only to find nobody there.
 * 1)  To reduce sales or market share (for one of one's own products) by introducing another.
 * 2) Rework old material; rehash.
 * 1)  To reduce sales or market share (for one of one's own products) by introducing another.
 * 2) Rework old material; rehash.
 * 1) Rework old material; rehash.

Translations

 * Finnish: ; harjoittaa ihmissyöntiä

 * Finnish: ottaa osia, purkaa varaosiksi

 * Finnish:
 * German:

title: cannibalise


text:
Talk:அகம்

The format here is all wrong: wrong fields, fields used wrongly, empty fields - anybody able to fix it up? — Hippietrail 10:18, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:அகம்


text: cannibalize

title: cannibalize


text:
piosity

Noun

 * 1) Affected or exaggerated piety.

title: piosity


text:
UN Security Council

Proper noun

 * 1) The permanent international peacekeeping organ of the United Nations.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَجْلِس الْأَمْن الْأُمَم الْمُتَّحِدَة
 * Armenian: ՄԱԿ ԱԽ
 * Azerbaijani: Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının Təhlükəsizlik Şurası, BMT TŞ
 * Belarusian: Саве́т Бяспе́кі АА́Н, Саўбя́с ААН, Ра́да Бясьпе́кі АА́Н
 * Bulgarian: Съве́т за си́гурност на ОО́Н
 * Burmese: ကုလသမဂ္ဂ လုံခြုံရေးကောင်စီ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: Rada bezpečnosti OSN
 * Danish: Sikkerhedsråd
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: Trygdarráðið
 * Finnish: Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien turvallisuusneuvosto, turvallisuusneuvosto
 * French: Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies, Conseil de sécurité
 * Georgian: გაეროს უშიშროების საბჭო, უშიშროების საბჭო, გაეროს უსაფრთხოების საბჭო, უსაფრთხოების საბჭო
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: Συμβούλιο Ασφαλείας Ηνωμένων Εθνών
 * Icelandic: öryggisráð Sameinuðu þjóðanna, öryggisráð SÞ
 * Indonesian: Dewan Keamanan PBB
 * Irish: an Chomhairle Slándála, Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe
 * Japanese: 安全保障理事会,
 * Kazakh: Біріккен Ұлттар Ұйымының Қауіпсіздік Кеңесі
 * Korean: 국제 연합 안전 보장 이사회(國際聯合安全保障理事會), 유엔 안전 보장 이사회
 * Macedonian: Совет за безбедност на ООН
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: НҮБ-ын Аюулгүйн Зөвлөл
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: FNs sikkerhetsråd
 * Persian: شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد
 * Polish: Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ
 * Portuguese: Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas
 * Russian: Сове́т Безопа́сности ОО́Н, Совбе́з ОО́Н, СБ ОО́Н
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Савет безбедности УН
 * Roman: Vijeće sigurnosti UN-a
 * Slovak: Bezpečnostná rada OSN
 * Slovene: Varnostni svet ZN
 * Spanish: Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas, Consejo de Seguridad
 * Swahili: Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa
 * Swedish: FN:s säkerhetsråd, Förenta nationernas säkerhetsråd
 * Tajik: Шӯрои Амнияти Созмони Милали Муттаҳид
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: Ра́да Безпе́ки ООН, Радбе́з ОО́Н
 * Uzbek: Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Xavfsizlik Kengashi
 * Vietnamese: Hội đồng Bảo an Liên Hiệp Quốc

title: UN Security Council


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌbi

Pronunciation
-ŭbi, /-ʌbi/, /-Vbi/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌbi


text:
pubby

Adjective

 * 1)  Who enjoys frequenting public houses.
 * 2)  Resembling a pub.

title: pubby


text:
clubby

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling or suggestive of a social club or clubhouse.
 * 2) Congenial; welcoming people as guests.
 * 3) Exclusive and cliquey.
 * 4) Resembling or characteristic of the dance music played at nightclubs.
 * 5)  Fond of frequenting nightclubs.
 * 1)  Fond of frequenting nightclubs.

title: clubby


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌtʃi

Pronunciation
-ŭchi, /-ʌtʃi/, /-VtSi/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌtʃi


text: humungous

title: humungous


text:
女帝

Noun

 * 1) an empress regnant, especially a non-East Asian one
 * 2)  The Empress

Usage notes
According to  (神皇正統記) by (北畠親房), 1339, 女帝 is pronounced as によたい (nyotai).

title: 女帝


text:
-t

Etymology 1
From, , from , , , , , from and.

In some verbs, like /, the -t-/-t was merely an alteration of earlier -d-/-d during the Middle English period. See.

Suffix

 * 1) Forms the past tense and/or past participle of some verbs (leapt, kept, dreamt, blest, etc.)

Usage notes
Some verbs have both an -ed and a -t form. The -t form has become obsolete for many verbs, e.g. toucht.

Usually for verbs with "eep" or "end" at the end (e.g. kept for keep, slept for sleep, wept for weep, bent for bend, sent for send, went for wend); more rarely for nasals and “l” (e.g. burnt for burn, dreamt for dream, dealt for deal, spelt for spell).

Etymology 2
From (e.g.  vs. ), likely resulting from  +, or various other words beginning with th-, t-.

Suffix

 * 1)  An excrescent ending appended to words suffixed with.

Usage notes
As with, in many cases when there is a shorter synonymous word (as in /), the form with -t is considered more formal, old-fashioned, affected, and British.

Etymology 3
From, from , variant of following spirant/fricative sounds, from. More at.

Etymology 4
Suffix from, from , from.

Suffix

 * 1) Verbs formed from nouns or adjectives (compare English, ), frequently having a causative force, or modified from an existing verb into a frequentative verb
 * ,, , (via French),  (via Old Norse).

Suffix

 * : using; by means of
 * : for ...'s nuisance
 * : in
 * : in; within
 * : while being (in the state of)

Etymology
See.

Suffix

 * 1)  -ly, -y

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ly.

Etymology 1
From, from  , ,  a merger of the following historical inflectional suffixes:
 * 1) second person singular (originaly second person plural) present tense:, ,  , from , , ,.
 * 2) second person singular (originaly second person plural) past tense forms of gij:, from
 * 3) third person singular present tense:, ,  , from , , ,.
 * 4) the plural form of the imperative:, ,  , from , , ,.

Suffix

 * redden - jij redt, hij redt
 * breken - gij breekt - gij braakt
 * staken - staakt!
 * breken - gij breekt - gij braakt
 * staken - staakt!
 * staken - staakt!

Suffix

 * bedanken - bedankt
 * bedanken - bedankt

Etymology 3
From a merger of a variety of verbal noun forming suffixes:
 * ,, from , from.
 * ,, , from.
 * ,, from.

Suffix

 * geven - gift
 * geven - gift

Etymology 1
From. See also 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
From + the ancestor of the above suffix.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ly

Usage notes
Weak verbs can alternatively take the endings or  to form the complementary infinitive.

Usage notes
Third-weak verbs can alternatively take the ending to form the terminative, more frequently when passive than when active.

When this ending is attached to a verb ending in or, it is occasionally left unwritten.

Etymology 1
From, from. The use as an accusative singular ending for pronouns is more recent; in the older language and many dialects, the "regular" accusative forms like (identical to the genitive forms) are used. The accusative use is likely by analogy with the nominative plural forms (note that the accusative plural is identical to the nominative plural for most nominals).

Usage notes

 * Suffixed to the genitive singular stem. The accusative plural is identical with the nominative plural and is used for certain direct objects.
 * The personal pronouns and have this ending in the accusative; they are the only words that have different genitive and accusative singular forms.
 * See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the accusative case is used.

Etymology 2
From, from , probably related to second-person pronouns ,.

Usage notes
Suffixed to the same stem as the first person singular suffix both in the present and the past tense.

Alternative forms

 * (varies depending on sound laws)

Etymology
From, from a merger of several conjugational endings, from , from.

Usage notes

 * The suffix becomes after d, t: . However, in strong verbs with a vowel change it is deleted instead: . (Note  with a silent -t.) It is also not used in the seven preterite-presents:.

Usage notes

 * The suffix becomes after d, t: . There are no exceptions.
 * The form is exceptionally spelt with a -d (by analogy with  and in order to distinguish from ).

Usage notes

 * The suffix becomes after d, t: . However,  and  show a vowel change and silent -t.

Etymology 1
. Of debated origin. According to the most accepted theory, it is from a possessive suffix that originated either from a -initial demonstrative pronoun or from the personal pronoun.

Etymology 2

 * Past-participle suffix: From ..
 * Past-tense suffix: From the past-participle suffix..

Suffix

 * 1)  -ed, -t
 * 2)   -ed, -t
 * 1)   -ed, -t
 * 1)   -ed, -t

Etymology 3
. From.

Derived terms

 * , dialectally also
 * , dialectally also
 * , dialectally also

Suffix

 * 1)   in added to a noun or an adjective to form the locative case

Etymology 5
. From.

Suffix

 * 1)   A causative (e.g., ) or instantaneous (e.g. , ) suffix for verbs.

Etymology
or

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -s

Suffix

 * 1) plural suffix in the absolutive case. Numbers vary between singular  and plural -t depending on whether they modify a noun or are being used for counting

Affix
-

 * 1) variation of transitive suffix "-d" when used before other suffixes.

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Cognate with rare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * : -th, -ness

Usage notes

 * With verb stems in -d, this letter becomes -t unless followed by a vowel and the ending is thus omitted, as it is with stems that end in -t to begin with.

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
From.

Usage notes
When affixed to stems ending in -i and -u, there are two possible alternative forms. In the first, the suffix added with no change, while in the second, the final vowel lowered to e and o respectively and diphthong simplification is performed on the preceding syllable.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From.

Derived terms

 * See Category:Northern Sami adjective comparative forms

Etymology 4
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Derived terms

 * See Category:Northern Sami ordinal numbers

Etymology 5
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 6
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬,.

Suffix

 * 1) Used to form adverbs from adjectives
 * 2) Used to make neuter forms of adjectives
 * 3) Used to make past participle of some weakly inflected verbs

Suffix

 * , used in between vowels
 * , used following hard consonants
 * 1) Used to form adverbs from adjectives
 * 2) Used to make neuter forms of adjectives

Suffix

 * 1) Plural verb suffix.
 * Titakwikat
 * We sing
 * 1) Nominal absolutive suffix.
 * *siwa- → siwat
 * *tutu- → tutut

Usage notes

 * The nominal absolutive suffix -t is a truncated form of -ti used for vowel-ending stems.
 * Opposed to absolutive suffixes, construct suffixes used are -w (for vowel-ending stems), -(zero) (for consonant-ending stems) and -yu ("inalienable possession" marker)

Suffix

 * 1) Suffix to create the definite singular form of neuter nouns ending in an unstressed vowel:  →
 * 2) Suffix for creating adverbs out of adjectives:  →
 * 3) Suffix used on the positive form of adjectives to denote that the corresponding noun is of neuter gender, indefinite form:  →, the latter being neuter. However, the  suffix is used for definite form independent of gender:  →.
 * 4) Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a neuter noun in indefinite singular form.
 * 5) Suffix for forming supine of verbs of the first (ar-verbs) and second (weak er-verbs) conjugations; see also -it and -tt

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) Forms causative verbs usually from polysyllabic stems ending in a vowel or 'l' or 'r'.

Related terms

 * (used after monosyllabic stems and polysyllabic stems ending in a consonant other than 'l' or 'r'
 * (used after monosyllabic stems and polysyllabic stems ending in a consonant other than 'l' or 'r'

title: -t


text:
chugger

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  An aggressive or invasive street fundraiser, especially a private contractor working on behalf of a charity.

Translations

 * Spanish: carpetero

Noun

 * 1) One who chugs a drink, especially an alcoholic drink.
 * 2)  A type of fish lure or fly that makes a popping or chugging sound when twitched.
 * 3) A vehicle, train or boat with an engine that makes a chugging noise when running.
 * 4)  train driver

title: chugger


text:
Chunnel

Etymology

 * the term had been coined by 1960 (see quotation).

Translations

 * Hungarian: Csalagút

title: Chunnel


text:
Channel Tunnel

Proper noun

 * 1)  The man-made tunnel under the English Channel joining England and France.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 英法海底隧道
 * Danish: Eurotunnelen
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: Eurotunnel
 * Finnish: Kanaalin tunneli
 * French: le tunnel sous la Manche
 * German:
 * Hungarian: Csatorna-alagút, Csalagút
 * Japanese: 英仏海峡トンネル
 * Khmer: ផ្លូវរូងដីក្រោមសមុទ្រ
 * Norwegian: Kanaltunnelen
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: Eurotúnel
 * Swedish: Kanaltunneln

title: Channel Tunnel


text:
Eurotunnel

Proper noun

 * 1) The Channel Tunnel.

title: Eurotunnel


text:
have at

Verb

 * 1)  To attack; to engage in combat with.
 * 2) * 1909, (Alfred Allinson, translator), The Well of Saint Clare, ch. 10:
 * The Prince of Venosa was in their midst, shouting: "Have at the traitor! Kill! Kill!"
 * 1)  To take on; to begin dealing with.

title: have at


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌdi

Pronunciation
-ŭdi, /-ʌdi/, /-Vdi/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌdi


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌfi

Pronunciation
-ŭfi, /-ʌfi/, /-Vfi/

Two syllables

 * Buffy
 * Duffy
 * fluffy, Fluffy
 * huffy
 * Muffy
 * puffy
 * scruffy
 * stuffy
 * toughie, toughy
 * toughie, toughy

title: Rhymes:English/ʌfi


text:
Talk:砉

Spaces, commas, etc are missing from one of the readings sections, resulting in one long hiragana word. Can this be fixed please? — Hippietrail 13:12, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:砉


text:
Rhymes:English/ʌɡi

Pronunciation
-ŭgi, /-ʌɡi/, /-Vgi/

title: Rhymes:English/ʌɡi