text:
धर्मशाला

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) dharmsala a resthouse or a sarai that was primarily created for a religious purpose, or as a religious endowment

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: धर्मशाला


text:
Ascaridida

Hyponyms

 * ,, - families

title: Ascaridida


text:
dirty money

Noun

 * 1)  Money that is illegally gained, illegally transferred or illegally utilized, especially money gained through forgery, bribery, prostitution, money laundering, or theft.
 * 2)  Extra money paid to workers as compensation for dirty or dangerous work.
 * 1)  Extra money paid to workers as compensation for dirty or dangerous work.
 * 1)  Extra money paid to workers as compensation for dirty or dangerous work.
 * 1)  Extra money paid to workers as compensation for dirty or dangerous work.
 * 1)  Extra money paid to workers as compensation for dirty or dangerous work.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: swart geld
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: haram pul
 * Belarusian: бру́дныя гро́шы
 * Bulgarian: мръ́сни пари́
 * Catalan: diner negre
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: špinavé peníze
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: likainen raha
 * French:
 * Galician: diñeiro negro
 * Georgian:
 * German:, schmutziges Geld
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:, 汚れたお金, 悪金
 * Korean: 부정한 돈, 더러운 돈, 악전(惡錢)
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Polish: brudne pieniądze
 * Portuguese: dinheiro preto, dinheiro sujo
 * Romanian: bani murdari, bani negri
 * Russian: гря́зные де́ньги
 * Slovak: špinavé peniaze
 * Spanish:, dinero B, dinero en B, dinero sucio
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: брудні́ гро́ші

title: dirty money


text:
Spiruria

Proper noun

 * 1) Many nematodes

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - orders

title: Spiruria


text:
Secernentea

Etymology
From neuter plural of, from.

Hypernyms

 * ; - class;  - subclass

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - subclasses

title: Secernentea


text:
Ascidiacea

Hypernyms

 * ; - subphylum

Hyponyms

 * , - orders
 * ,, , - suborders

title: Ascidiacea


text:
Asellota

Etymology
From.

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - superfamilies

title: Asellota


text:
doughface

Noun

 * 1)  A person, especially a politician, who is perceived to be pliable or moldable.
 * 2) In particular, in the antebellum United States, a Northerner who espoused sympathies with the Southern, especially a Northern Democrat who was more allied with the ideology of Southern Democrats than that of the majority of Northerners.
 * 3)  A face that resembles dough in its appearance or color; a face that is bloated, pale or plump.

title: doughface


text: Ameerika Ühendriigid

title: Ameerika Ühendriigid


text:
Ameeriga Ütisriigiq

Etymology
From.

title: Ameeriga Ütisriigiq


text:
Talk:toeprint

The computing definition comes from the Hacker's Jargon file via FOLDOC and, as far as Google can tell, is not used anywhere. Unless someone can support this usage I suggest it be deleted. -- Denishowe 10:06, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

RFV discussion: September–October 2019
"An exceptionally small audit trail left by a crashed program." I think this was created by confusion from the Jargon File's entry, which defines this as a small footprint: however, footprint has two computing senses (1. physical space taken up by equipment, 2. crash audit trail) and — from my research — a computing toeprint seems to be a small #1, not a small #2. I've added that sense, which leaves this one needing citations. Equinox ◑ 00:23, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I found a couple of weak mentions, but no actual uses. I did add an additional meaning from genetics. Kiwima (talk) 22:25, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * In the computing sense this seems to be a dictionary-only term. I have no idea what is meant by “the audit trail of a crashed program”, also used in the definition of, which was taken from The Hackers Dictionary, where it is classified as IBM jargon: “rampantly unofficial jargon lists circulated within IBM’s own beleaguered hacker underground”. So already there it was copied from a list of mentions rather than based on uses. (There is a contemporary computing sense of footprints, meaning the traces left by any app or other program that has been run, not in any specific way related to program crashes.) --Lambiam 09:37, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I would assume they mean (something like) a stack trace. It is reasonable to call that an "audit trail" although that's how I would expect an accountant to talk about it. Equinox ◑ 21:33, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 10:00, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:toeprint


text:
Aspidogastrea

Etymology
From neuter plural of, from.

Hyponyms

 * , - orders
 * ,, , - families

title: Aspidogastrea


text:
Trematoda

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Many parasitic flatworms, flukes

Hypernyms

 * ; - subclass

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - orders
 * ,, , - orders

Coordinate terms

 * Cestoda (tapeworms), (ectoparasites of fish)

title: Trematoda


text: Alžeeriä

title: Alžeeriä


text: Araabia Ütisemiraadiq

title: Araabia Ütisemiraadiq


text: Araabia Ühendemiraadid

title: Araabia Ühendemiraadid


text: Armeeniä

title: Armeeniä


text:
Duluth pack

Etymology
Duluth pack is a brand name of the Duluth Tent and Awning Co. They were designed in the early 1880s, but the term is commonly used to refer to any packs of the same style.

Noun

 * 1)  A traditional piece of luggage used in canoe travel, particularly in the Boundary Waters region of northern Minnesota and Ontario. A specialized type of backpack, made of either heavy canvas or nylon, that are approximately square in order to fit easily in the bottom of a canoe.

title: Duluth pack


text:
cathodic

Etymology
From. in a letter to.

Adjective

 * 1)  Proceeding from a nerve centre; efferent.
 * 2)  Of or pertaining to a cathode.

Translations

 * Irish: catóideach
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: cathodic


text: Asõrbaidžaan

title: Asõrbaidžaan


text:
Dunkirk spirit

Etymology
The phrase came into use following the evacuation of allied troops across the English Channel by flotillas of pleasure boats, working barges and other civilian craft at the Battle of Dunkirk in 1940.

Noun

 * 1)  The spirit of the British public pulling together to overcome times of adversity.

title: Dunkirk spirit


text: Egiptus

title: Egiptus


text:
catholicity

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being catholic, universal or inclusive.
 * 2) Catholicism.

Translations

 * Esperanto: katolikeco
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * German: Katholizität, Katholikentum
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: καθολικότης
 * Ido:
 * Irish: caitliceacht
 * Italian: cattolicità
 * Manx: co-chadjinys
 * Portuguese:

title: catholicity


text: Egüptüs

title: Egüptüs


text: Filipiinid

title: Filipiinid


text: Filipiiniq

title: Filipiiniq


text:
cattail

Etymology
From, (also as ), equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Pronunciation

 * A rare example of gemination in English.

Noun

 * 1) Any of several perennial herbs, of the genus, that have long flat leaves, and grow in marshy places.
 * 2) A cat-o'-nine-tails.

Translations

 * Arabic: بُرْدِيّ
 * Bashkir: ҡамыш
 * Basque: lezka
 * Catalan: ,
 * Czech: orobinec
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: tifao
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: dúnkylva
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: espadana
 * German: Rohrkolben, Kolbenschilf
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τύφη
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Klamath-Modoc: popas
 * Korean:
 * Latin: buda, ulva
 * Lushootseed: ʔulal
 * Navajo: teeł
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: dunkjevle
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: tifa
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: cynffon y gath

title: cattail


text:
East Overshoe

Proper noun

 * 1)  Often used to refer to a place moderately far away. It generally is used in place of a city or town name when that name is unknown or cannot be recalled.
 * I don't get to see Jim much since he moved. Now he lives somewhere out in East Overshoe.
 * 1) A placeholder for a fictitious municipality in sample documents or hypothetical situations. (This usage is similar to the way John Doe is sometimes used as a placeholder for the name of a person.)

title: East Overshoe


text:
cattiness

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being catty; cattishness
 * 2) * 2004 Ward Hunt et.al. - James Bowdoin and the Patriot Philosophers
 * Who had been tapped for the new society, and why, had become a topic of local gossip, conjecture, and even cattiness.

title: cattiness


text:
catty-cornered

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * : cater-corner.

Adjective

 * : catercorner.

title: catty-cornered


text:
caulker

Noun

 * 1) A person who caulks various structures (as ships) and certain types of piping.
 * 2) A tool used for caulking ships; a caulking iron.
 * 3)  An alcoholic drink; a dram.
 * 1)  An alcoholic drink; a dram.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Kalfaterer
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Irish: calcaire
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: călăfătuitor
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: calafateador

 * Greek:
 * Irish: calcaire, calcóid

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A lime kiln.

title: caulker


text:
Appendix:Glossary of e-learning

The following list explains some terms (not exclusively) used in e-learning.

E-learning glossary

 * e-learning - Also called CBT (see the following definition). E-learning is a general term that relates to all training that is delivered with the assistance of a computer. Delivery of e-learning can be via CD, the Internet, or shared files on a network. Generally, CBT and e-learning are synonymous, but CBT is the older term, dating from the 1980s. The term e-learning evolved from CBT along with the maturation of the Internet, CDs, and DVDs. E-learning also includes Internet-based learning, Web-based learning, and online learning.
 * videobook - A book performed in video format, or a video structured similarly to a book, used chiefly in teaching.
 * CBT - Computer Based Training. Also called e-learning (see definition above). CBT is a general term that relates to all training that is delivered with the assistance of a computer. Delivery of CBT can be via CD, the Internet, or shared files on a network.
 * WBT - Web-based Training. Training that is delivered with the assistance of the Internet.
 * LMS - learning management system. A system for management and tracking of the involvement of participants with specific content, usually with the assistance of a database. Typically the system tracks who is scheduled to participate in specific training programs, who has begun the program, who has completed the trainings, and what were the participants’ test scores.
 * LCMS - Learning Content Management System. A system for collaborative development of E-Learning content with inbuilt resources sharing and project management processes.
 * content - What is taught in a course, class, or lesson. The training objectives are often a list of the content of a course.
 * synchronous e-learning - Computer-assisted training where the instructor and participants are involved in the course, class or lesson at the same time (synchronized). Web conferencing is an example of synchronous e-learning. Participants can log on with a trainer and interact with participants at multiple facilities or locations. Using LCD projectors and conference telephones, the audience of a web conference can be increased to include many staff at any location.
 * asynchronous e-learning - Computer-assisted training where the instructor and participants are involved in the course, class or lesson at different times (not synchronized, or ansychronous). Examples include job aids and programs on a shared drive, web-based training (WBT), electronic bulletin boards, blogs, and email listservs. Asynchronous methods allow participants to access training materials 24/7, even when other students and/or the instructor are not present.
 * electronic bulletin board - A method of communication where topics or questions are posted to a website and participants can respond.
 * blog - Web log. Similar to an electronic bulletin board, except that only one individual or group can create the initial post and participants can only respond to the post. An example is http://www.blogger.com.
 * electronic mailing list - Also [incorrectly] called a "listserve." Members send email to the list, which the list service then mails to all members individually. Members can then read and respond (called a post), or email the member directly. An example is http://groups.google.com.
 * ASP - Application service provider. Some LCMS products are available in a format that is Internet-based or network-based. This means that there is little or no software to install on the local computer to deliver and track the training. The information is tracked totally at the remote or server location. Service is generally subscription-based, and password protected.
 * ILT - Instructor Led Training. Traditional training that is facilitated by a trainer who is there in person.
 * educational animation - depictions that support the learning of dynamic content by providing direct information about how changes occur over time.
 * page turner - Computer Based Training which requires the participant to simply read and move from screen to screen to turn pages and read some more.
 * courseware - Software that is designed for an educational program.
 * NLT - National Learning Time (or Seat time) - It is the time taken for completing an e-Learning course. This is an approximation of the amount of time @80-90 percentile of the target audience will take to complete the course.
 * European Computer Driving Licence - Known as ECDL within Europe and ICDL outside of Europe, it is a computer skills certification programme. The ECDL / ICDL tests practical skills and competencies and consists of seven separate modules covering computer theory and practice.
 * eLML - The eLesson Markup Language is an open source XML framework for creating eLearning content based on the pedagogical concept called ECLASS.

See here for a fuller glossary providing a number of terms and ideas in e-learning.

title: Appendix:Glossary of e-learning


text:
causeless

Etymology
From, ; equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Having no obvious cause; fortuitous or inexplicable.
 * 2) Groundless or unreasonable.
 * 1) Groundless or unreasonable.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Maori: pakupaku, huhuakore, huakore
 * Telugu:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Maori: pakupaku
 * Polish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Telugu:

title: causeless


text: Ida-Timor

title: Ida-Timor


text:
causticity

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being physically caustic; burning, corrosive.
 * 2) * 1996, Christopher J. Biermann, Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking, Academic Press, 3.8 Kraft Pulping, p. 89,
 * Causticity is the ratio of NaOH to active alkali (as always both chemicals are on an Na2O basis), expressed as a percentage.
 * 1)  Being caustic in speech, humour etc.
 * Causticity is the ratio of NaOH to active alkali (as always both chemicals are on an Na2O basis), expressed as a percentage.
 * 1)  Being caustic in speech, humour etc.

Translations

 * Asturian: causticidá
 * Catalan: causticitat
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: loiscneacht
 * Italian: causticità
 * Portuguese: causticidade
 * Spanish:

title: causticity


text: Hummogu-Timor

title: Hummogu-Timor


text:
encomium

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) Warm praise, especially a formal expression of such praise; a tribute.
 * 2) * 1763,, The History of Louisiana: Or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina: Containing a Description of the Countries that Lye on both Sides of the River Missisipi [sic]: With an Account of the Settlements [...] Translated from the French [...] by M. Le Page du Pratz; with some Notes and Observations [...] In two volumes. [...], London: Printed for T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, 181837275 (English translation of Histoire de la Louisiane : contenant la découverte de ce vaste pays, sa description géographique, un voyage dans les terres, l'histoire naturelle, les mœurs, coûtumes & religion des naturels, avec leurs origines : deux voyages dans le nord du nouveau Mexique, dont un jusqu'à la mer du Sud : ornée de deux cartes & de 40 planches en taille douce, Paris : Chez de Bure, l'aîné [...], la veuve Delaguette [...], Lambert [...], 1758,  1651361), page 39:
 * I rejoined our people, and expected a reprimand for having forced the enemy without orders; though I had my excuse ready. But here I was mistaken; for I met with nothing but encomiums.
 * 1)  A general category of oratory.
 * 2)  A method within rhetorical pedagogy.
 * 3) The eighth exercise in the progymnasmata series.
 * 4)  A genre of literature that included five elements: prologue, birth and upbringing, acts of the person's life, comparisons used to praise the subject, and an epilogue.
 * 1)  A general category of oratory.
 * 2)  A method within rhetorical pedagogy.
 * 3) The eighth exercise in the progymnasmata series.
 * 4)  A genre of literature that included five elements: prologue, birth and upbringing, acts of the person's life, comparisons used to praise the subject, and an epilogue.
 * 1)  A general category of oratory.
 * 2)  A method within rhetorical pedagogy.
 * 3) The eighth exercise in the progymnasmata series.
 * 4)  A genre of literature that included five elements: prologue, birth and upbringing, acts of the person's life, comparisons used to praise the subject, and an epilogue.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐγκώμιον
 * Old Norse: hróðr
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ylistyspuhe, encomium
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐγκώμιον
 * Russian:

Noun

 * 1) an Ancient Greek literary genre of praise
 * 2)  dictionary

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Praise, eulogy.

title: encomium


text: Indoneesiä

title: Indoneesiä


text:
cautionary

Adjective

 * 1) Serving to caution or warn; admonitory
 * 2) Serving to ward off; preventive
 * 3)  Held as security or hostage

Quotations

 * 2003 Paul Magdalino - Byzantium in the Year 1000
 * Constantine's provision seems drawn from recent experience and intended for practical application, rather than being just a form of cautionary tale . ..

Translations

 * Spanish: precautorio

title: cautionary


text: Kamõrun

title: Kamõrun


text:
ensifer

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A member of the genus, of the bacteria family.

Etymology
From. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) with a sword, wearing a sword, sword-bearing
 * 2) *  1835. M. Annaeus Lucanus, Pharsalia (ed. Carolus Hermannus Weise) book 1, line 663 (3.61):
 * "la"
 * "la"

- Ēnsiferī nimium fulget lātus Orionis?

Noun

 * 1) sword-bearer

title: ensifer


text: Kasahstan

title: Kasahstan


text: Kasastan

title: Kasastan


text:
cautiousness

Noun

 * 1) The state of being cautious; wariness

Translations

 * Estonian: ettevaatlikkus
 * Macedonian: претпазливост

title: cautiousness


text: caviare

title: caviare


text:
conjectural

Adjective

 * 1) In the nature of a conjecture, or based on a conjecture.

Translations

 * Arabic: فَرَضِيّ
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:, , conjecturaal
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Hungarian: feltevésen alapuló
 * Italian:
 * Latin: opīnābilis
 * Portuguese: conjectural
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Uzbek:

Noun

 * 1) Something that is conjectural; a conjecture.

Adjective

 * 1)  in the nature of a conjecture

Etymology
..

title: conjectural


text:
ἐπίδειξις

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) exhibition, display
 * 2) example
 * 3) declamation

title: ἐπίδειξις


text:
erasable programmable logic device

Noun

 * 1)  An integrated circuit that is composed of an array of programmable logic devices that do not come pre-connected; the connections are programmed electrically by the user.

title: erasable programmable logic device


text:
caviler

Noun

 * 1) A person who cavils; a faultfinder, quibbler or nitpicker
 * 2) * 1817 John Nicholas - Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century
 * a man who comments on the Bible affords all the opportunity a caviler could wish for.

title: caviler


text: エステ

title: エステ


text:
et uxor

Etymology
From Latin et (and) and uxor (his wife).

Phrase

 * 1)  "And the wife" or "and his wife"; often used in the context of a legal document to include a man's wife in whichever obligation, ownership, etc. the document indicates.
 * 2) * post 1687, The Diary of Dr., Bishop of Chester; commencing at the time of his Elevation to that See, August M.DC.LXXXVI.; and terminating with the Visitation of St. Mary Magdalene College, Oxford, October M.DC.LXXXVII. Now first printed from the original MS. in the Possession of the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., London, 1843, page 28:
 * I confirmed at Whitegate church about 300 persons, and returned to Vale Royal, where dined with me Sir Thomas Grosvenor et uxor, and Mrs. Rigby, Sir Philip Egerton, uxor et filius, Mr. Leftwich Oldfeild, Mr. Dean, Mr. Woods, vicar of Over, Mr. Marbury, rector of Davenham, Mr. Hanmore, Mr. Oakes, curate of Astbury, Mr. Oakes, Mr. Colley; and at supper Captain Birch and Captain Mainwaring more.
 * 1) * 1616, Reports, or Causes in Chancery, collected by Sir George Cary, one of the Masters of the Chancery, Anno 1601. Out of the Labours of Mr. William Lambert. Reprinted from the Edition of 1820, London, 1872, page 129:
 * [...] Keyes plaintant, Hill et uxor, defendants. Anno 22 Eliz.

Usage notes

 * For example, in 1348 there was a legal case in England now called in English I de S et ux. v. W de S or I de S et ux v. W de S; et ux[.] is used herein to show that the man is suing for his wife since women had no legal capacity in the 14th century.

title: et uxor


text:
exception that proves the rule

Etymology
Derived from the medieval legal principle "" ("the exception tests the rule in the cases not excepted").

Noun

 * 1) The rare occurrence of a counterexample to a rule, used to demonstrate that the rule exists.

Translations

 * Dutch: uitzondering die de regel bevestigt
 * Finnish: poikkeus, joka vahvistaa säännön
 * French:
 * German: Ausnahme, die die Regel bestätigt; more idiomatically one says
 * Italian: eccezione che conferma la regola
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: unntaket som bekrefter regelen
 * Nynorsk: unntaket som bekreftar regelen
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: exceção que prova a regra
 * Russian: исключе́ние, подтвержда́ющее пра́вило
 * Spanish: excepción que confirma la regla
 * Swedish: undantaget som bekräftar regeln

 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Latin:

title: exception that proves the rule


text:
macrocephaly

Noun

 * 1)  A condition in which the head is abnormally large.
 * 2)  The excessive concentration of population and development in a single centre, to the detriment of other areas.

Translations

 * Basque: makrozefalia
 * Catalan: macrocefàlia
 * Czech: makrocefalie
 * Dutch: macrocefalie
 * French:
 * German: Makrozephalie
 * Italian:
 * Polish: makrocefalia
 * Portuguese: macrocefalia
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: macrocefalia
 * Ukrainian: макроцефа́лія

title: macrocephaly


text:
extranoematic

Adjective

 * 1)  Occurring outside of the confines of human thought.

title: extranoematic


text:
salabay

Noun

 * 1) a man-of-war; a Portuguese man-of-war
 * 2)  a jellyfish

Noun

 * 1) a man-of-war; a Portuguese man-of-war
 * 2)  a jellyfish

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) jellyfish
 * 2)  crossing of one's arms while drinking
 * 1)  crossing of one's arms while drinking

Usage notes

 * The word salabay refers to a larger jellyfish than a.

Noun

 * 1) object resembling a fish

title: salabay


text:
macroclimate

Noun

 * 1) The climate of a relatively large geographic area.
 * 2) * 1993 Silviculture: From the Cradle of Forestry to Ecosystem Management: Proceedings
 * Within climatic regions, physiography or landforms modify macroclimate and affect the movement of organisms, . ..

Translations

 * Finnish: suurilmasto, makroilmasto
 * Greek:
 * Italian: macroclima

title: macroclimate


text:
faciendum

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) Something that must be done.

Noun

 * 1) An obligation to do something

title: faciendum


text:
αγώνας

Etymology
From. , a borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) fight, efforts, struggle
 * 2)  the Greek War of Independence
 * 3)  race, game, match
 * 4)  the Games
 * οι ολυμπιακοί αγώνες the Olympic Games
 * οι ολυμπιακοί αγώνες the Olympic Games

title: αγώνας


text:
macrocode

Noun

 * 1)  Code written using macros.
 * 2) Any relatively high-level coding system.

Verb

 * 1)  To encode using a relatively high-level coding system.

title: macrocode


text:
macrocytosis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The presence of macrocytes in the blood.

Translations

 * Italian:

title: macrocytosis


text:
προκριματικός

Adjective

 * 1) preliminary, test

title: προκριματικός


text:
macrofossil

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any fossil large enough to be examined without a microscope.

title: macrofossil


text: steads

title: steads


text:
macrogamete

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The larger of a pair of anisogamous, conjugating gametes; the female ovule in plants or ovum for animals.

Translations

 * Finnish: makrogameetti
 * French: macrogamète
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Romanian:

Etymology
From.

title: macrogamete


text: sneck-bends

title: sneck-bends


text:
fantods

Etymology
The first known record of the word is from 1839, in the book Adventures of Harry Franco by Charles Biggs.

Noun

title: fantods


text:
macroglobulin

Noun

 * 1) A plasma globulin of high molecular weight

Translations

 * Italian:

title: macroglobulin


text:
Appendix:Glossary of Farscape terms

Terminology from the Farscape universe. Most words are needed to name things not known to humans, but the terminology also comes in handy to use rough language without actually using it. The words 'dren' and 'frell' are used so liberally that their meaning soon becomes clear. Another set of words are measurements, which often sound very similar to equivalent human measurements.

A
arn
 * An interval of time slightly longer than one Earth hour.

B
biznak
 * A generic obscenity used by Chianna on occasion, possibly equivalent to 'hell'.

brandar tile
 * A form of currency possibly equivalent to a Credit.

boll yotz
 * A close equivalent to "bull shit".

budong
 * A massive, spacefaring fish-like creature that eats spaceships, believed extinct until the episode "Green-Eyed Monster". Budong corpses are often mined for mineral deposits, though fatalities are common, due to the particular physiology of the Budong, which creates pockets of acid which can be easily ruptured by accident.

C
Chakan Oil
 * A dense and highly volatile compound derived from the Tannot Root. It is the power supply/ammo of Farscape Pulse weapons, such as those used by Peacekeepers.

control collar
 * A Peacekeeper device that is used to subdue captured Leviathans. They override most key systems making the Leviathan unable to Starburst or even navigate against the Peacekeepers' wishes. It can also be used to inflict pain in order to torture rebellious Leviathans into obeying Peacekeeper orders. Other species, in particular the Nebari, utilize similar human-sized collars to control prisoners during transport.

credit
 * The most general term for currency in the universe.

crindar
 * The Scarran form of currency.

currency pledge
 * The official Peacekeeper currency, believed to be the equivalent of a post-dated cheque; a financial promise. At one point the Peacekeeper bounty on John Crichton was reported to be an unprecedented 15 million currency pledges.

cycle
 * An interval of time roughly equivalent to 1 Earth year.

D
dench
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to 1 inch.

dentic
 * A small larva-like creature that is used for dental hygiene. They feed off excess bacteria and food remains in the mouth and excrete a fresh "minty" flavour while they work. The creature itself has an extremely repulsive taste, ensuring that they don't get eaten after completing a cleaning session.

Dominar
 * Title given to the rulers of the Hynerian Empire. Examples include Dominar Rygel XVI and his cousin Dominar Bishan.

DRDs|Diagnostic Repair Drone (DRD)
 * A freely-mobile robotic device about the size of a small canine that performs various maintenance functions aboard a Leviathan.

drannit
 * A vile, noisome, or uncouth creature

drad (slang)
 * rad, cool

draddest (slang)
 * most rad, coolest

drelk (slang)
 * piece of shit

dren (slang)
 * shit

E
Eema
 * ass

F
fahrbot (slang)
 * crazy; insane; demented

fekkik (slang)
 * stupid waif; naive fool; dipshit, arse

fellip nectar
 * A popular drink, similar to beer

fennik
 * A form of currency used in the Uncharted Territories (cf: German Pfennig).

filgrin
 * A plant that blooms on Delvia

flot
 * idiomatic equivalent of an inch

Food cube
 * Produced by the Peacekeepers, it is food in the form of a small cube containing all of the nutrients needed to sustain Sebaceans. They are often used as food rations in the absence of more tasty fare.

frell (slang)
 * fuck; sometimes a combination of "fuck" and "hell". The word has both senses of the word 'fuck', as is exemplified in the episode 'Meltdown', when, while John and Aeryn are getting frisky, a bang is heard, followed by the following short conversation: "Frell." "Yeah." "No, bad frell."

G
Greebol (slang)
 * Nebari word for a daft, foolish, or inexperienced person.

Gazitzka (slang)
 * Hynerian/Possibly Universal word for the female sexual organ.

H
hamman
 * starboard (the right-hand side of a Leviathan ship when facing forward)

harpooda

 * extremely offensive curse word, making other curse words pale in comparison. The exact meaning is intentionally vague, as a joke.  In context, it seems to be a noun for someone who performs an utterly disgusting sex act, i.e. "You dare call me a harpooda?!" "Yes, and I suspect, not a very good one".  Possibly "cocksucker"

hazmot
 * bitch; "son of a hazmot"

henta
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to 1 centimetre.

hetch
 * The universal unit for spacecraft speed used in Farscape. No reference is ever given to exactly how fast a hetch is, but it can be used to compare the speed of different crafts. For example, a Marauder has a top speed of hetch 7, while Moya can achieve hetch 9 on a good day. Early in the show when Moya is weakened by the brutal removal of her control collar she only manages hetch 2 by comparison. Hints throughout the series have indicated that a hetch is some degree faster than the speed of light, such as during season 4, when John returns to Earth he tells D.K that it is FTL (faster than light). This would make a great deal of sense, since all other race's ships, such as the Peacekeeper Command Carrier, lack starburst ability, and without FTL a galactic civilisation would be impossible (it would also be impossible for them to even consider catching Moya in their lifetimes if they had no FTL, given Moya's ability to starburst).

hyper-rage
 * A Luxan state of mind marked by extreme violence, memory loss, and blackouts. Very similar to berserker rage.

Hezmana
 * Hell (Luxan term)

I
Intons
 * Hynerian airway seizure caused by very strong emotion

K
kalvo
 * A Scarran unit of energy. At high levels, the energy can be harmful. For example, Kalvo Ten can kill a person.

kelvoy level
 * A system used to measure levels of energy. The Kelvoy Levels are used by Sebaceans and are similar to the Scarran Kalvo.

klance
 * The universal unit for temperature. For example, a budong's stomach is an inferno; it burns at 5000 klances.

kretma
 * A form of currency in the Uncharted Territories, more widely used than the Fennik.

L
lenart
 * A unit of weight or volume. For example, it is used to measure chromextin, a drug that was used to heal Talyn.

Leviathan
 * A sentient, space-faring creature that can be accommodated for smaller, human-sized creatures to live in and travel within, usually through the aid of creatures called 'Pilots' whose species title is unknown. Peacekeepers additionally use control collars, such as on Moya, the living ship within whom the main characters of the series travel.

Loomers
 * Breasts. Said by Rygel to Chiana in Season 02 Episode 20 - Liars, Guns and Money (Part 2) With Friends Like These.

M
mallot
 * A unit of volume that may be close in size to a litre.

metra
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to 1 kilometre. Although no confirmation has been given to this length

micron
 * A length of time just over a minute.

microt
 * A length of time equivalent to 1 and 1/3 Earth seconds.

milon
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to a mile.

mivonks (slang)
 * testicles; gonads; a universal colloquialism

motra
 * A unit of length equal to 1/1000 of a metra, synonym for 'metre'. Equivalent to one metre.

N
nano moment
 * A very short amount of time; a small fraction of a second.

narl
 * A child (slang)
 * During the Peacekeeper Wars, Chiana called Aeryn's child a Narl.

nixa
 * girl or young woman (universal) (unconfirmed) (Mohan Seeing Chiana) "Sweet nixa. Let's mark her" ("Taking the Stone" Season 2, Episode 3) (Paroos says to Chiana) "perhaps I like a nixa like you" ("A Prefect Murder" Season 4, episode 9)

numa (slang)
 * breasts

P
parisim
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to 2 miles.(unconfirmed)

pulse pistol
 * A peacekeeper sidearm firing bolts of undefined energy. A longarm pulse rifle is also available.

Q
Qualta Blade
 * A traditional Luxan sword, which can be converted to a Qualta rifle by moving a few pieces. When he's not actually using it, D'Argo carries his Qualta Blade strapped to his back for quick access. It's a little over three feet long and is perfectly balanced. It once belonged to D'Argo's grandfather, who used it during the siege of Reqmek; it was also the only thing that D'Argo had that his new ship would accept as the key to shut down its self destruct sequence. See episodes: Throne for a Loss; Revenging Angel

R
Raz'lak
 * A strong alcoholic beverage. Similar to hard liquor.

Rantath Flux Variance
 * A type of radiation emitted by unstable wormholes. Causes tissue liquification.

S
samat
 * A unit of length roughly equivalent to a foot (unit of length)|foot.

shliznat
 * Supposed combination that means shit head or stupid fuck.

shlock
 * To relieve oneself of a bowel movement.

snurch
 * To borrow or take without permission.

solar day
 * Equivalent to one day

T
Tannot Root
 * A turnip-like plant that can grow in most ecosystems. When it is consumed by most sapient species, it induces a euphoric state similar to Cannabis (Drug)|cannabis. However, when it is processed and mixed with the right chemicals (like in the digestive tract of a Hynerian), it becomes Chakan Oil.

thoddo
 * an unintelligent person; a dimwit

trad
 * The universal unit for power. 250 Trads is the equivalent to a Transport Pod's power capacity.

translator microbes
 * These microbes, when injected into a person's bloodstream, will make their way to the brain and colonize, forming a symbiotic relationship with the host. Translator microbes actively translate foreign speech as it is processed by the brain, so that an "infected" person can instantly understand almost all forms of verbal communication. They are similar to the universal translator from Star Trek and the babel fish from Hitchhikers Guide To The Galaxy. Can be customised for certain languages.

tralk (slang)
 * whore

Traskan
 * name of an alien race. Utu-Noranti Pralatong is a Traskan.

treblin
 * Port (nautical)|port (the left-hand side of a Leviathan ship when facing forward)

W
weeken
 * An interval of time roughly equivalent to 1 Earth week.

Wormhole weapon
 * Device allowing a shortcut past enemy defenses and a means to destroy ships, planets, etc.

Y
yotz
 * An all purpose swear word (most likely "damn", "shit" or "hell") (e.g. Rygel is constantly saying "what the yotz" or "you stupid yotz", also used in 'boll yotz'), probably Hynerian.

yotza
 * An exclamation of pleasurable surprise equivalent to "hot-damn" or "holy shit".

Z
zacron
 * Another unit of length. The Flax is 75 billion Zacrons long.

zark (slang)
 * Another curse along the Earth English translation of the curse fuck (e.g: "Zarking asteroid! It nearly hit us!" See above, Frell).

Zercombobs
 * testicles, balls

title: Appendix:Glossary of Farscape terms


text:
steading

Etymology
From, from 🇨🇬, from.

Noun

 * 1) A farmhouse and outer buildings such as barns, stables, cattle-sheds, etc.; a farmstead; a homestead, an onstead, an estate.

title: steading


text:
macroglobulinemia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The presence of high levels of macroglobulins in the blood

Derived terms

 * Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

title: macroglobulinemia


text:
macrograph

Noun

 * 1) An image of an object as seen by the naked eye, without magnification.
 * a macrograph of a metallic fracture
 * 1) An image of an object that is at least as large as the object.

title: macrograph


text: sneck lifters

title: sneck lifters


text:
feel the burn

Etymology
The phrase was popularized by actress in her highly successful 1980s.

Verb

 * 1)  To feel the burning sensation arising in a muscle being intensely exercised; often used as an exhortation to extend oneself in physical exercise.
 * 2)  To feel the vaginal or anal pleasure or burn felt during sexual intercourse.
 * 1)  To feel the vaginal or anal pleasure or burn felt during sexual intercourse.

title: feel the burn


text: steaded

title: steaded


text:
macrography

Noun

 * 1) The examination of an object with the naked eye
 * 2) The macroscopic appearance of an object
 * 3) Abnormally large handwriting

Translations

 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian: macrografia

title: macrography


text:
麻將

Etymology
From, with a Wu diminutive suffix (syllabic velar nasal), retained in some Wu languages (compare Wenzhounese ). This suffix then fused with the preceding syllable, and was conserved in the form of a nasal coda. As an example compare Shanghainese (old pron.: ) +  →.

The game of mahjong was called during the  and  dynasties, where the second syllable presumably represented a Wu pronunciation of  ("bird", see there for more).

Noun

 * 1) mahjong
 * 2)  sparrow

Synonyms

Descendants
Others:

title: 麻將


text:
felix culpa

Etymology
Borrowed from, via Roman Catholic theology.

Noun

 * 1)  A series of miserable events that will eventually lead to a happier outcome.
 * 2)  The Biblical story of the fall of Adam and Eve and the loss of the Garden of Eden, known theologically as the source of original sin - meaning that this loss of innocence was a fortunate fall because of the good that would come from it, that is, Christian redemption and the eventual hope of Heaven.

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  blessed fault, fortunate fall, used in reference to the Fall of Man.
 * 2) * 1265-1274. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, III, 1, 3, ad 3,
 * "la"

- O felix culpa!

 * , Traditional Latin Mass, and Exsultet of the Easter Vigil masses:
 * "la"

- O felix culpa quae talem et tantum meruit habere redemptorem. ("O happy fault that earned us so good and great a Redeemer.")

title: felix culpa


text:
macroinstruction

Etymology
From, due to their being often quite long.

Noun

 * 1)  A macro.

Translations

 * Italian:

title: macroinstruction


text:
macromere

Noun

 * 1) A large blastomere.

title: macromere


text:
blastomere

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any cell that results from division of a fertilized egg.

Translations

 * French:
 * Irish: blastaimír
 * Polish:

title: blastomere


text:
fête champêtre

Etymology
Literally, “pastoral festival”, “country feast.”

Noun

 * 1) a garden party (pastoral festival) that was a popular form of entertainment in the 18th century, particularly popular at the French court, at Versailles. In theory it is a simple pastoral festival but in practice it was often contrived and elaborate with orchestras and fancy dress

title: fête champêtre


text:
fizgig

Etymology 1
From ; the first element of the word may be from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A flirtatious, coquettish girl, inclined to gad or gallivant about; a gig, a giglot, a jillflirt.
 * 2) * 1596,, Pleasant Quippes for Vpstart Nevvfangled Gentlevvomen, London: Imprinted at London by Richard Iohnes, ; reprinted as [, editor], Pleasant Quippes for Upstart Newfangled Women. By Stephen Gosson. A Treatise on the Pride and Abuse of Women. By . The First from a Copy with the Author’s Autograph; the Last from a Unique Impression by Thomas Reynalde, London: Reprinted by T. Richards, for the executors of the late C. Richards, 100, , 1841,  , page 13:
 * You thinke (perhaps) to win great fame / by uncouth sutes and fashions wilde: / All such as know you thinke the same, / but in ech kind you are beguilde; / For when you looke for praises sound; / Then are you for light fisgiggs crownde.
 * 1)  Something frivolous or trivial; a gewgaw, a trinket.
 * 1)  Something frivolous or trivial; a gewgaw, a trinket.

Synonyms

 * gig,

Verb

 * 1)  To roam around in a frivolous manner; to gad about, to gallivant.
 * 2) * 1594, Tho[mas] Nashe, The Vnfortunate Traueller. Or, The Life of Iacke Wilton, London: Printed by T[homas] Scarlet for C[uthbert] Burby, & are to be sold at his shop adioyning to the Exchange, ; republished in, editor, Thomas Nashe: Selected Works (Routledge Revivals), Abingdon, Oxon.; New York, N.Y.: , 2015, ISBN 978-1-138-88759-6 , page 221:
 * Why should I go gadding and fizgigging after firking flantado amphibologies?
 * 1) * 1782,, Mount Henneth: A Novel, London: Printed for T. Lowndes, ; republished in The Novels of Swift, Bage, and Cumberland; [...] (Ballantyne's Novelist's Library; IX), London: Published by Hurst, Robinson, and Co. 90, , and 8, Pall Mall; printed by James Ballantyne and Company, at the Border Press, Edinburgh, 1824,  , pages 147–148:
 * I likes you because yo're none of the fiz-gigging misses, with their roles and pomatums, and tippets, and trumpery; you're a sober minded young woman, one belike as wull keep close house, and mind business:

Noun

 * 1)  A small squib-like firework that explodes with a fizzing or hissing noise.
 * 2) * 2008,, in The End, St. Paul, Minn.: , ISBN 978-1-55597-498-5 ; republished London: , 2011, ISBN 978-0-09-955576-6 , page 35:
 * Half a dozen boys in linen blazers, their hair in uniform flattops, were shooting off fizgigs in his alley and paid him no mind as he pretended to use his key to unlock the alley-oop door.
 * 1) * 2008,, in The End, St. Paul, Minn.: , ISBN 978-1-55597-498-5 ; republished London: , 2011, ISBN 978-0-09-955576-6 , page 35:
 * Half a dozen boys in linen blazers, their hair in uniform flattops, were shooting off fizgigs in his alley and paid him no mind as he pretended to use his key to unlock the alley-oop door.
 * Half a dozen boys in linen blazers, their hair in uniform flattops, were shooting off fizgigs in his alley and paid him no mind as he pretended to use his key to unlock the alley-oop door.

Etymology 3
Possibly from.

Noun

 * 1)  A spear with a barb on the end of it, used for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals; a type of harpoon.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: тризъбец
 * Cherokee: ᏗᎦᏘᏍᏗ
 * Danish: lyster
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: fisga, francada
 * Georgian:, კარჭაპი
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, lystregaffel
 * Russian:
 * Swedish: ,

Etymology 4
Origin.

Noun

 * 1)  A police informer, a stool pigeon, someone employed by police to entrap someone else or provoke them to commit a crime.

Verb

 * 1)  To act as a police informer or agent provocateur.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; See also Thesaurus:rat out

Etymology 5

Origin.

Noun

 * 1)    (, syn. ).

title: fizgig


text:
macronucleus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The larger of the two nuclei present in ciliate protozoans; it controls the nonreproductive functions of the cell.

title: macronucleus


text:
macrophysics

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of physics that deals with those phenomena that can be directly observed.

title: macrophysics


text:
macrophyte

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  Any normal macroscopic plant, especially an aquatic one.

Translations

 * Finnish: makrofyytti
 * French:
 * Ido:
 * Italian: macrofita
 * Spanish: macrófito

Etymology
From.

title: macrophyte


text: bettors

title: bettors


text: Tallina

title: Tallina


text: Category:lv:Cities

title: Category:lv:Cities


text: Category:lv:Capital cities

title: Category:lv:Capital cities


text:
absolutely summable

Adjective

 * 1)  Of an infinite series: such that the sum of the absolute values of its summands converges.

title: absolutely summable


text:
fox in the henhouse

Etymology
A metaphor referring to the fox as a predator that would prey on the chickens if given an opportunity to do so.

Noun

 * 1)  Someone untrustworthy placed in a position of trust in which they will be harmful, damaging or detrimental for their own personal gain.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: pukki kaalimaan vartijana, kettu kanatarhassa
 * German:
 * Hungarian: kecskére bízza a káposztát
 * Italian: volpe nel pollaio
 * Japanese: 猫に鰹節
 * Livonian: neiku lambõd sieggõ suž lastõd
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish: lis w kurniku
 * Spanish:

title: fox in the henhouse


text:
analytic continuation

Noun

 * 1)  The practice of extending analytic functions.
 * 2) * 1968, [McGraw-Hill], Granino A. Korn, Theresa M. Korn, Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers, 2000, Dover, Unabridged republication, page 206,
 * The standard method of analytic continuation starts with a function $$f(z)$$ defined by its power-series expansion (7.5-4) inside some circle $$|z - a| = r$$.
 * 1)  An extension of an analytic function which is itself analytic.
 * 2) * 1975, S. Smith (translator), L. A. Muraveǐ Asymptotics for the Wave Equation, S. Smith (translator), Valentin P. Michaǐlov (editor), Boundary Value Problems for Differential Equations,, page 107,
 * Using (2.6), (2.15)-(2.18) and (2.54) in the same way as in the cases considered earlier, we get that the series (0.14) determines the analytic continuation of the Green function of the second boundary value problem into the domain $$K_B \cap\left \{ |k| < \beta\right \} $$ with the property (0.23).
 * 1) * 1975, S. Smith (translator), L. A. Muraveǐ Asymptotics for the Wave Equation, S. Smith (translator), Valentin P. Michaǐlov (editor), Boundary Value Problems for Differential Equations,, page 107,
 * Using (2.6), (2.15)-(2.18) and (2.54) in the same way as in the cases considered earlier, we get that the series (0.14) determines the analytic continuation of the Green function of the second boundary value problem into the domain $$K_B \cap\left \{ |k| < \beta\right \} $$ with the property (0.23).

Translations

 * Italian: prolungamento analitico
 * Swedish:

 * German: analytische Fortsetzung
 * Italian: prolungamento analitico
 * Portuguese: prolongamento analítico, extensão analítica, continuação analítica
 * Swedish:

title: analytic continuation


text:
Banach space

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.
 * 2) * 1962 [Prentice-Hall], Kenneth Hoffman, Banach Spaces of Analytic Functions, 2007, Dover, page 138,
 * Before taking up the extreme points for $$H^1$$ and $$H^\infty$$, let us make a few elementary observations about the unit ball $$\Sigma$$ in the Banach space $$X$$.
 * 1) * 2013, R. E. Showalter, Monotone Operators in Banach Space and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations,, page 35,
 * [A] Banach space is a complete normed linear space $$X$$. Its dual space $$X'$$ is the linear space of all continuous linear functionals $$f : X \rightarrow\mathbb{R}$$, and it has norm $$\left\Vert f\right\|_{X'}\equiv \text{sup}\left\{\left\vert f(x)\right\vert : \left\Vert x\right\Vert \le 1\right\}$$; $$X'$$ is also a Banach space.
 * [A] Banach space is a complete normed linear space $$X$$. Its dual space $$X'$$ is the linear space of all continuous linear functionals $$f : X \rightarrow\mathbb{R}$$, and it has norm $$\left\Vert f\right\|_{X'}\equiv \text{sup}\left\{\left\vert f(x)\right\vert : \left\Vert x\right\Vert \le 1\right\}$$; $$X'$$ is also a Banach space.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Banach-ruimte
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: Banachrum
 * French: espace de Banach
 * German: Banach-Raum
 * Hungarian: Banach-tér
 * Italian: spazio di Banach
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: przestrzeń Banacha
 * Romanian: spațiu Banach
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Банацхов про́стор
 * Roman: Banachov próstor
 * Swedish:

title: Banach space


text:
continuous function

Noun

 * 1)  a function whose value at any point in its domain is equal its limit at the same point
 * 2)  a function from one topological space to another, such that the inverse image of any open set is open

Translations

 * Armenian: անընդհատ ֆունկցիա
 * Catalan: funció contínua
 * Czech: spojitá funkce
 * Danish: kontinuert funktion
 * French: fonction continue
 * German: stetige Funktion
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish: funkcja ciągła
 * Romanian: funcție continuă
 * Russian: непрерывная функция
 * Spanish:

 * Danish: kontinuert funktion
 * French: fonction continue
 * German: stetige Funktion
 * Polish: funkcja ciągła
 * Romanian: funcție continuă

title: continuous function


text:
Freelander

Noun

 * 1) A person or group seeking political or personal freedom through emigration to and settlement of open land.

title: Freelander


text:
convergent sequence

Noun

 * 1)  a sequence which converges

Translations

 * German: konvergente Folge
 * Romanian: șir convergent
 * Serbo-Croatian: konvergentni niz

title: convergent sequence


text:
convergent series

Noun

 * 1)  An infinite series whose partial sums converge.

Translations

 * French: série convergente
 * German: konvergente Reihe
 * Japanese:
 * Serbo-Croatian: konvergentni red
 * Tagalog: palapit na dalayray

title: convergent series


text:
difluent

Adjective

 * 1)  (Of wind) which diverges, especially when viewed on a weather chart

title: difluent


text:
confluent

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Converging, merging or flowing together into one.
 * 2)  Converging, especially as viewed on a weather chart.
 * 3)  Describing cells in a culture that merge to form a mass.
 * 4)  Exactly the same size as another triangle.
 * 5)  Given a binary operation $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ on a set A, and its reflexive, transitive closure $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$, then, for all a1, a2, and a3 in A, if a1 $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ a2 and a1 $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ a3, then there must exist an a4 in A such that a2 $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$ a4 and a3 $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$ a4.
 * 1)  Exactly the same size as another triangle.
 * 2)  Given a binary operation $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ on a set A, and its reflexive, transitive closure $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$, then, for all a1, a2, and a3 in A, if a1 $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ a2 and a1 $$ \rightarrow_\beta $$ a3, then there must exist an a4 in A such that a2 $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$ a4 and a3 $$ \twoheadrightarrow_\beta $$ a4.

Derived terms

 * biconfluent

Noun

 * 1) A stream uniting and flowing with another; a confluent stream.

Noun

 * 1) confluence (point where two rivers or streams meet)

Etymology
, from.

title: confluent


text:
difluence

Noun

 * 1) Opposite of confluence

title: difluence


text:
divergent series

Noun

 * 1)  An infinite series whose partial sums are divergent.

Translations

 * French: série divergente
 * Japanese: 発散級数
 * Romanian: serie divergentă
 * Serbo-Croatian: divergentni red
 * Tagalog: palayong dalayray

title: divergent series


text: full-timers

title: full-timers


text:
functional work

Noun

 * 1) A work that can be considered to be of practical use, such as software, encyclopedias, dictionaries and textbooks; lacking a point of view and classified as non-fiction.

title: functional work


text:
infinite series

Noun

 * 1)  Any expression that represents the addition a countably infinite number of ordered summands, often explicitly indexed by the positive or nonnegative integers.

Usage notes
The sum of an infinite series is formally defined as the limit, if it exists, of the sequence of partial sums of the first n elements as n increases to infinity (i.e., becomes arbitrarily large). If the limit exists, the series is said to be ; otherwise it is.

Translations

 * Danish: uendelig række
 * Japanese: 無限級数
 * Romanian: serie infinită
 * Russian: бесконе́чный ряд
 * Serbo-Croatian: beskonačni red
 * Tagalog: awangganing dalayray

title: infinite series


text:
gaoulé

Etymology
From the word (or ).

Noun

 * 1)  whispering
 * 2)  mischievous public behavior, or "dirty dancing" (i.e., sensual, licentious dancing)

Usage notes
The term came to be used as the name of a slave revolt on the island of Martinique in 1717 due to a remark, in an official report of that uprising, that a slave was alleged to have observed in amazement that "White people are just as good at 'gaoulé' as blacks are!".

title: gaoulé


text:
Gaspesian

Etymology
Derived from the Mi'kmaq word Kespek,.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The Mi'kmaq people of Gaspé.

Noun

 * 1) A member of this people.

Usage notes
The term was used by the North American settlers in colonial records, as well as the term Souriqouis.

title: Gaspesian


text:
gatecrasher

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  A person who enters some event without a ticket or invitation, either by stealth or by deception.
 * 2)  The groom or one of his groomsmen when partaking in the gatecrashing ritual of a traditional Chinese wedding.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:, , ,
 * Georgian: უბილეთო, დაუპატიჟებელი სტუმარი
 * German:
 * Macedonian: падо́бранец
 * Polish: wchodzący na krzywy ryj
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: незва́ный гость, незва́ная го́стья ; ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Tagalog: kalatog-pinggan

title: gatecrasher


text:
gayo

Etymology
, 歌謠 (gayo), meaning Korean popular music.

Noun

 * 1) South Korean popular music (K-pop).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rooster

Etymology 1
, from the Roman name. Also see and.

Noun

 * 1) Eurasian jay, jay

Etymology 2
.

Adjective

 * 1) gay; merry

title: gayo


text: exprobate

title: exprobate


text:
harmonic analysis

Noun

 * 1)  A study of the representation of functions or signals as the superposition of basic waves, involving the notions of harmonic functions, trigonometric series, Fourier series, Fourier transforms, almost periodic functions, and others.

Translations

 * Hungarian: harmonikus analízis
 * Icelandic: sveiflugreining, Fourier-greining
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 調和解析

title: harmonic analysis


text:
gentleman's bet

Noun

 * 1) A bet in which no money is bet; only the honor of the two parties is at stake. There is no need for proof that one party's side of the bet has been fulfilled; he or she is taken at their word.

title: gentleman's bet


text:
chorrillana

Noun

 * 1)  a Mexican seafood dish with tomatoes, fish, vegetables
 * 2)  a Chilean dish consisting of a bed of french fries topped with sauteed beef strips and onions with two fried eggs

title: chorrillana


text: get bent

title: get bent


text:
擬人化

Verb

 * 1) to personify; to anthropomorphize

Noun

 * 1) anthropomorphization, personification: transformation of a non-humanoid being into a humanoid, or depiction as such
 * 2) the humanoid such produced

Verb

 * 1) to anthropomorphize

title: 擬人化


text:
ginny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Affected by gin; resembling or characteristic of gin.

title: ginny


text: difluences

title: difluences


text: macrophytes

title: macrophytes


text: macronuclei

title: macronuclei


text: ripsnorters

title: ripsnorters


title: m8


text:
Appendix:Glossary of atmospheric reentry

Over the decades since the 1950s, a rich technical jargon has grown around the engineering of vehicles designed to enter planetary atmospheres. Definition of the jargon is prerequisite to meaningful discussion about and.

0-9

 * 3 Degrees of Freedom (3-DoF) trajectory simulation : a trajectory simulation based upon three spatial coordinates, e.g. X,Y,Z and their corresponding velocities. A 3-DoF simulation models an entry vehicle's center-of-mass trajectory. Total angle-of-attack and bank angle are user input parameters.

 * 6 Degree of Freedom (6-DoF) trajectory simulation : a 3-DoF simulation augmented by a model of the vehicle's orientation based upon pitch, yaw and roll angles along with Euler angles. A 6-DoF simulation includes angle-of-attack and bank angle within the model (center-of-mass location, control surface orientation and RCS are the user input parameters).  6-DoF simulation of a hypersonic entry vehicle is much more complicated than classical 6-DoF simulation of a low speed, low flying airplane, e.g. the atmosphere can not be assumed to be fixed in inertial space over a flat Earth.

A

 * aerobraking : when the free molecular gas of a planet's upper atmosphere is used to reshape the orbit of a spacecraft. Heating due to aerobraking is normally insignificant thus requiring no special thermal protection. The term aerobraking is often used incorrectly by people outside the aerospace industry.

 * aerocapture : when a planet's atmosphere is used to dissipate the kinetic energy of a spacecraft entering from a heliocentric orbit and which then skips out of the atmosphere into an elliptical orbit around said planet. Aerocapture helps enable . However protecting against heat soak resulting from aerocapture is technically challenging for aerocapture to a gas giant planet such as Neptune. Also, contrary to science fiction, it is more energy efficient to rocket brake into a Jupiter-centered orbit rather than aerocapture (this is an unusual case and due to Jupiter's very strong gravity). Manned aerocapture into an Earth centered orbit may be impractical due to increased radiation exposure from the van Allen belts. A well posed aerocapture entry state has two possible trajectory solutions to one capture orbit apoapsis (maximum orbital altitude):
 * Overshoot trajectory : A "lift-down" trajectory (the bank angle points the lift vector towards the ground).
 * Undershoot trajectory : A "lift-up" trajectory (the bank angle points the lift vector towards the zenith).

 * aerodynamic roll angle : An angle around the entry vehicle's principal axis and between the plane containing the lift vector and a body axis orthogonal to the principal axis. Aerodynamic roll angle is used with total angle-of-attack and typically used with entry vehicles and missiles.

 * aeroshell : The outer structure of an entry vehicle, RV, or RB that defines its aerodynamics.

 * angle of attack : The angle between an entry vehicle's principal axis (axis-of-symmetry) and the free stream velocity vector. There are two forms of angle-of-attack.  The more common form used with airplanes restricts angle-of-attack to a plane defined by the vehicle's principal axis and lift vector (pitch plane). Angle-of-attack is often called alpha.

 * atmospheric entry : the transition from the vacuum of space to the atmosphere of any planet or other celestial body. The term is not used for landing on bodies which have no atmosphere such as the Moon.

 * atmospheric re-entry : the return to an atmosphere previously left for space. Often the word atmospheric is dropped and the term re-entry (or reentry) is taken to mean atmospheric re-entry in context.

 * augered-in : after EDL (Entry, Decent and Landing) or TPS (Thermal Protection System) failure, the entry vehicle is said to have augered-in. This expression for undesired high speed surface impact dates back to World War II fighter pilots and was also used by test pilots at Edwards Air Force Base, the most well known being  Brigadier General Chuck Yeager.

B

 * ballistic coefficient : For an entry vehicle, the ballistic coefficient is the entry mass divided by the product of its aerodynamic area times its drag coefficient. This definition is typically used by NASA.  For an RV or RB, the ballistic coefficient is the entry weight divided by the product of its aerodynamic area times its drag coefficient.  This definition is typically used by the USAF.  In some literature it is defined as the inverse of this, as in the product of the aerodynamic area times its drag coefficient divided by the mass of the vehicle. Ballistic coefficient is sometimes called beta or ballistic number.

 * ballistic entry : when an entry vehicle has only drag with no apparent lift. An axisymmetric entry vehicle would have no apparent lift if its angle-of-attack time averaged out to zero, e.g. sinusoid angle-of-attack centered or trimmed about zero lift.

 * bank angle : The angle around the velocity vector (not the principal axis) and between the plane containing the lift vector and the plane containing the zenith axis. Bank angle and roll angle are often confused.

 * bluntness ratio : the ratio of a sphere-cone's nose radius divided by the base radius. Most American interplanetary entry vehicles and the Mk-6 RV have a bluntness ratio of 1:2. The Mk-6 had a half-angle of 12.5°.  The Mk-6 was launched by the Titan II ICBM and carried the largest nuclear warhead of any RV, i.e. the W-53.  The Mk-6 RV was also the design ancestor of almost all American interplanetary entry vehicles, e.g. Pioneer Venus, Galileo Probe, etc.

 * bondline material : typically is RTV-560 (room-temperature vulcanizing adhesives were originally developed by the General Electric Corp. for use on RVs). A typical maximum allowed bondline temperature is 250 °C.

C

 * Conservative design : a process that begins by bracketing the set of operating parameters for an entry vehicle where mission success is possible, i.e. "What's the worst case scenario that still leads to mission success?" The entry vehicle is then designed to survive within that envelope of operating parameters.

D

 * Dynamic aerodynamic stability : occurs when a vehicle can return to its trim flight condition after being perturbed off trim (see dihedral and relaxed stability). A vehicle with static stability can still be unstable if it lacks dynamic stability.  Dynamic stability is a conseqeunce of both the vehicle's aerodynamics and inertial properties.  Dynamic stability is best determined through 6-DoF trajectory simulation based upon wind tunnel or ballistic range data.

 * Dynamic pressure : one half of the local density of the atmosphere times the atmosphere relative velocity squared. Dynamic pressure is typically referred to as q (see Max Q for more information).

E

 * Entry angle, flight-path angle or velocity angle : different names for the angle of the velocity vector to the local horizon. Entry angle is typically referred to as gamma. There are two types of gamma, i.e. gamma relative to the atmosphere and gamma relative to inertial space. If no distinction is made then assume gamma, velocity and azimuth are atmosphere relative.

 * Entry corridor : the angular range between the overshoot and undershoot angles.

 * Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) : the process of getting an entry vehicle from orbit to a planet's surface. EDL includes parachute deployment (descent) and planet surface landing, e.g. braking rockets, air bags, etc.

 * Entry vehicle : typically a non-military vehicle travelling from the near vacuum of space into the atmosphere of a planet. An entry vehicle is used by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and civilian space agencies for purposes of space exploration.

F

 * Fay–Riddell equation : a relatively compact closed form equation used to model the convective and catalytic heat flux at the stagnation point of an aeroshell.  The Fay-Riddell equation is remarkably accurate and sometimes used to validate modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions.

 * Free molecular gas : a gas so tenuous that it can be modelled as a collection of tiny particles. The transition from a free molecular gas to a continuum gas can be determined by its Knudsen number. An entry vehicle's trajectory is said to be Keplerian or Kepler if the atmospheric density is so tenuous that it does not significantly affect the trajectory.

H

 * Half-angle : one-half of the angle formed by the sphere-cone, or the angle from the sphere-cone's axis of symmetry to the frustum. The half-angle of a modern RV or RB is typically around 11°. The half-angle of a non-military entry vehicle is typically 45° or greater but never greater than 70°.

 * Heat pulse : the interval along the trajectory where the heat flux rises from insignificance, reaches its peak value and then descends back into insignificant. Heat pulse plotted as a function of time typically has a bell curve shape. The heat pulse for Mars Pathfinder lasted about 100 seconds.  For the Galileo Probe, the heat pulse lasted about 70 seconds.

 * Heat flux : the thermal power per unit area experienced by a TPS. The modern preferred units for heat flux are watts per square centimeter (W/cm²).  The obsolete units used by the American aerospace industry are BTU/ft²-sec.  Because 1.0 BTU/ft²-sec equals 1.13489 W/cm², the  numerical quantity is almost the same thus making W/cm² preferable to W/m² (the standard SI unit).  The total heat flux experienced by an aeroshell undergoing hypersonic entry can have up to three components:
 * Convective heat flux : simply heat convected from the hot shock layer gas to the cooler aeroshell wall.
 * Catalytic heat flux: produced by dissociated gas species in the shocklayer gas recombining into less reactive molecules on the aeroshell wall thus releasing heat.
 * Radiative heat flux : comes from the intense light radiating from the shock layer which is in a state of chemical non-equilibrium due to passing through the shock wave. As a function of time from entry, radiative heat flux normally reaches its peak value before the convective heat flux reaches its peak value (this can be used as a simple test of a heating model's validity).

 * heat load : time-integrated heat flux. The modern preferred units for heat load are joules per square centimeter (joule/cm²).

 * heat soak : the component of heat load that actually penetrates the TPS and entry vehicle structure.

 * hypersonic : when an entry vehicle, RV, or RB has a supersonic free-stream velocity that creates a shock wave processing atmospheric gas into chemical dissociation, e.g. molecular nitrogen breaks down into atomic nitrogen. The term hypersonics can also have a special meaning referring to the engineering of vehicles that cruise or glide at hypersonic velocity or employ a supersonic combustion ramjet or scramjet.

I

 * Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU): used to measure a vehicle's acceleration and orientation with respect to inertial space. The Delco Corp. (AC Spark Plug) was an early developer of ICBM IMUs.

L

 * lifting entry : occurs when an entry-vehicle has lift and drag. Both American and Russian manned entry vehicles use lifting entry to reduce deceleration loading on the crew and improve crossrange.

 * lift-over-drag ratio (L/D) : the ratio of the coefficient-of-lift divided by the coefficient-of-drag. The L/D of an entry vehicle undergoing ballistic entry is by definition zero.  An entry vehicle's designed geometry is often a consequence of an L/D requirement.  L/D is of extreme importance in designing a manned entry vehicle since the peak deceleration is a function of L/D, e.g. an Apollo-CM can not be used for a return from Mars entry because the peak deceleration is too large due to the Apollo-CM having too low of an L/D.

M

 * Mach number : a dimensionless number derived from the free stream relative velocity of an object divided by the free stream speed-of-sound of the medium it is traveling through. Speed-of-sound is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature of the gas.  An extremely hot gas hitting an object at high velocity could have a relatively low Mach number, e.g. the gas from a commercial plasma cutter flowing at orbital velocity (7.8 km/s) could have a Mach number less than three.  An entry vehicle is probably hypersonic if its Mach number is greater than six and certainly hypersonic if the Mach number is greater than nine (being hypersonic depends upon whether the shock layer has undergone chemical dissociation).

N

 * Newtonian impact theory : a method for modelling the aerodynamics of blunt entry vehicles at Mach numbers that are normally hypersonic. Newtonian impact theory assumes the existence of a shockwave and ignores the effects of viscosity (Newtonian impact theory should not be confused with Newtonian viscosity).  Newtonian impact theory enables closed form solutions for simple aeroshell geometries and was a preferred modelling method prior to the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD).  Newtonian impact theory is still extremely useful for the preliminary design of entry vehicles.

O

 * Outer mold line (OML) : an aeroshell's outer surface.

 * Overshoot angle : the maximum allowed entry angle for an entry-vehicle.

R

 * Reaction control system (RCS) : the system of small rocket thrusters that reorient a spacecraft with respect to the inertial frame of reference (inertial space).

 * Re-entry vehicle (RV): a munition delivered by an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF) or the military of another country. The photographic film return capsule (now obsolete) for a low earth orbit satellite or military reconnaissance satellite was also called an RV for Recovery Vehicle.  In the aerospace industry, the term "reentry vehicle" or "RV" normally refers to an ICBM munition.

 * Re-entry body (RB) : a munition delivered by a Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) of the United States Navy (USN). An RB or RV could in theory be the same device but never are (the USAF and USN never use the same design).  The container inside an RB or RV holding the military payload (thermonuclear explosive) is called a "bomb can" or a "physics package".

S

 * Shock layer : the gas layer processed by the hypersonic shock wave located between the shock wave and aeroshell.

 * Side-slip angle : used with the common form of angle-of-attack (used with airplanes). While pitch roll and yaw are relative to the horizon, angle of attack and side-slip angle are relative to the local wind direction or the velocity vector. Side slip angle is in the plane orthogonal to the pitch plane, but not necessarily in the yaw plane. Side slip angle is often called beta.

 * Skip reentry : aerocapture to a suborbital ellipse having an apoapsis that is just outside of the atmosphere.

 * Spallation : if spallation occurs, TPS failure can be exacerbated. Spallation is where chunks of TPS material are torn away from the outer wall of the TPS.  This can happen if the maximum allowed dynamic pressure is exceeded.

 * Sphere-cone : a conical aeroshell with a spherical nose. The outer surfaces are tangential along the line of contact (ring) connecting the spherical nose to the cone or frustum.

 * Stagnation point : a region of stagnant flow on the leading edge of an aeroshell (there is also at least one stagnation point in the vehicle's wake). For a sphere-cone undergoing ballistic entry, the main stagnation point is on the outer surface of the spherical nose that intersects with the sphere-cone's axis-of-symmetry.  For an aeroshell undergoing hypersonic heating due to a convection dominated heat flux from a laminar flow, the stagnation point is almost always the hottest point on the entry vehicle's outer wall.  Therefore, conservative design for a TPS is normally based upon conditions at the stagnation point. However, for a radiation dominated heat flux or a turbulent flow, the stagnation point might not be the hottest point on the entry vehicle (this situation can occur during high speed return from the Moon or Mars and is difficult to model)

 * Static aerodynamic stability : occurs when the center-of-mass (also called center-of-gravity) is upstream from its aerodynamic center.
 * Subsonic cap : the region of high temperature gas near the stagnation point where the local flow is subsonic.

T

 * Thermal Protection System (TPS) : the atmospheric entry system or material used to protect an aeroshell's payload from heating due to hypersonic entry into the atmosphere. The outer layer of material on the aeroshell is also called TPS, TPS material or TPS layer.  A famous TPS material is Teflon which was originally developed by the DuPont Corp. and used on RVs.

 * Total angle-of-attack : is the less common form of angle-of-attack typically used with entry vehicles and missiles and not restricted to the pitch plane. Total angle-of-attack is sometimes called resultant angle-of-attack.

 * TPS failure : occurs when the temperature of the material bonding the TPS layer to the aeroshell's structure exceeds the maximum allowed for the bonding material.

 * TPS (Monolithic) : a TPS is "monolithic" if it is made from a single slab of material, e.g. silica foam or balsa wood saturated with resin. An alternative to a monolithic TPS is a TPS based upon tiles such as used by the Space Shuttle or the Huygens probe. A TPS method sometimes called "monolithic" is a honeycomb of composite material with each cell injected with an ablating TPS material made of resin mixed with cork dust and other substances (this arguably represents a misuse of the word "monolithic").  Honeycomb based TPS is normally very expensive to manufacture and can have voids in individual cells (this possibility requires expensive inspection methods).

 * Trim angle-of-attack : is an angle-of-attack where an aircraft or entry vehicle's pitching moment is equal to zero, e.g. a pilot could let go of the control stick and the aircraft's attitude would remain unchanged.

U

 * Undershoot angle : the minimum allowed entry angle for an entry-vehicle


text:
Appendix:Glossary of ballet

This is a glossary of ballet dancing. A significant part of ballet terminology is descendent from the French language.

A

 * a la seconde
 * To the side or in second position. For example you would do a battement tendu à la seconde, to the side. You might place your foot à la seconde, to second position.

 * adage (French), adagio (Italian)
 * At ease or leisure. English ballet teachers use "adage", the French adaptation, while Americans prefer the original Italian. Adagio is the opening section of the conventional "Pas de deux". An adagio is a slow ballet combination. focusing on high extensions and body control.

 * aplomb
 * Aplomb refers to stability of the position.

 * arabesque
 * (Literally: 'in Arabic fashion') The position of the body supported on one leg with the opposite leg (with the knee straight) extended behind the body. The back leg may either touch the floor (in tendu) or be raised in the air at an angle upper back up and not fallen forward. See also: Attitude.

 * arrière
 * Normally used in conjunction with "en"; "en arrière" means a step that moves backwards.

 * assemblé
 * Literally meaning to assemble, a movement where the first foot performs a battement glissé/degagé, "swishing" out. The second foot then swishes under the first foot, thereby launching the dancer into a jump. The feet meet together in mid-air and the dancer lands with both feet on the floor at the same time. A jump: plié, brushing working leg out. Bring both legs together ("assemble" them) while in midair; land on both feet. The brush can be to the front, the side, or the back. Sometimes known as a double changement. |by=A Dancemelody.com - Assemblé. Illustrated Ballet Dictionary. Photos and Pictures.

 * attitude
 * A pose in which the dancer stands on one leg, with the other leg lifted behind (derriere) or in front (en avant) of the body with the knee bent at approximately 120-degree angle. See also: arabesque. Leave the foot off the ground only lightly so you can lift your foot off easier.

 * avant
 * Normally used in conjunction with "en"; "en avant" means a step that moves forwards or a movement done to the front such as "grand battement en avant".

B

 * ballerina
 * A principal female dancer of a ballet company. Technically, the word for a male dancer would be "ballerino" however this is not in common usage.

 * ballon
 * A term used to describe the quality of a dancer's jumps. Ballet dancers aspire to develop great ballon, which is that quality of appearing to "hover" in the air at the apex of the jump.  Ballon is not to be confused with elevation, or the height of the jump.  Even in small, quick jumps ("petit allegro"), dancers strive to exhibit ballon.

 * battement
 * This is a kicking movement of the working leg (i.e. the leg that is performing a technique)
 * battement tendu jeté (Russian school) is a battement normally taken to anywhere from 2 cm off the floor up to 45 degrees, depending on the style. It is the same as battement dégagé (Cecchetti) or battement glissé (French school).
 * battement fondu is a battement (usually slower) from a fondu (both knees bent) position and extends until both legs are straight.
 * battement frappé is a battement where the foot moves from a flexed position next to the other ankle, and extends out to a straight position, by doing so hitting the floor (the so-called frappé). In the Russian school the foot is wrapped around the ankle, rather than flexed and does not strike the floor.
 * battement glissé is a rapid battement normally taken to 2-3 centimeters off the floor (literally means a gliding battement). See battement tendu jeté.
 * battement lent a slow battement, normally taken as high as possible, which involves considerable control and strength.
 * battement tendu is a battement where the extended foot never leaves the floor. The working foot slides forward or sideways from the fifth or first position to reach the forth or second position, lifting the heel off the floor and stretching the instep. It forms the preparation for many other positions, such as the ronds de jambe and pirouette positions.
 * petit battement, a battement action where the bending action is at the knee, while the upper leg and thigh remain still.
 * grande battement, a powerful battement action where the dancer takes the leg as high as they can, while the supporting leg remains straight.
 * grande battement en cloche, a grande battement which continuously "swishes" forwards and backwards (literally in large battement with pendulum movement)It still has to turn out in ballet unless the instructor prefers not for you to turn-out.

 * batterie
 * A whole family of techniques involving jumps, where the feet cross quickly in front and behind each other, creating a flapping or "beating" effect mid-air.

'Also called beats in the Royal Academy of Dance (RAD) syllabus.' Usually start to do these in grade 4.

 * brisé
 * A movement similar to an assemblé. The leg that kicks forward, backward, or to the side beats and the movement travels.

C

 * chaînés
 * This is a common abbreviation for "tours chaînés déboulés", which is a series of quick turns on alternating feet with progression along a straight line or circle. They are also know as "chaine turnes." In classical ballet it is done on the pointes or demi-pointes (on the balls of the feet).

 * changement
 * Literal meaning: changing, or, to change. A jump in which the feet change positions in the air.  For example, beginning in the fifth position with the right foot front, plié and jump, switching the left foot into the front and the right to the back, landing with the left foot in front, fifth position.

 * chassé
 * Literal meaning: to chase or to hunt. A slide with both legs bent either forwards, backwards or sideways and meeting in the air straightened. It can be done either in a gallop (like children pretending to ride a horse) or by pushing the first foot along the floor in a plie' and springing into the air where both legs meet stretched.

 * croisé, croisée
 * Crossed. One of the directions of épaulement. The crossing of the legs with the body placed at an oblique angle to the audience. The disengaged leg may be crossed in the front or in the back.

Croisé is used in the third, fourth and fifth positions of the legs (the positions that can be crossed). For example: if the front leg in third, fourth or fifth position is the right leg, and the dancer is facing the front-left corner of the stage; or if the front leg is the left, and the dancer is facing the front-right corner, then the dancer is in croisé.

D

 * derrière
 * The French word for the back(side). For example, a battement tendu derrière means a battement tendu taken to the back.

 * dessous
 * The French word "under". This is where the back leg is brought to the front in techniques such as the assemblé and pas de bourrée.

 * devant
 * The French word for the front(side). For example, "tondu devant" would mean stretching the foot to the front.

 * developpe
 * A movement when the moving leg is first lifted to retiré position, then extended, the knee staying in the same place (known as attitude). Can be done en avant, derriere or a la seconde.

E

 * effacé, effacée
 * Shaded. The opposite position of croise. One of the directions of épaulement in which the dancer stands at an oblique angle to the audience so that a part of the body is taken back and almost hidden from view. This direction is termed "ouvert" in the French method. Effacé is also used to qualify a pose in which the legs are open (not crossed). This pose may be taken devant or derrière, either à terre or en l'air. Example: If the front leg is the right, and the dancer is facing the front-right corner of the stage, or if the front leg is the left and he is facing the front-left corner, he is in efface.

 * elevé
 * (pronounced: ay-luh-VAY) A relevé without the plié, where you go to demi or pointe from flat feet. Also called "rise" in other schools. See also relevé.

 * en dedans
 * A movement within a circle. En dedans is when the leg starts at the back (or the side) and moves towards the front. When the right leg is the working leg, this is a counter-clockwise circle. When the left leg is the working leg, this is a clockwise circle. En dehors is the opposite to en dedans.

 * en dehors
 * En dehors is the opposite movement of en dedans, that is a cirular movement of the leg, like rond de jambe, towards the back.

 * entrechat
 * Interweaving or braiding. A step of beating in which the dancer jumps into the air and rapidly crosses the legs before and behind each other, usually jumping from the fifth position and landing back in the fifth position. Entrechats are counted from two to ten according to the number of crossings required and counting each crossing as two movements, one by each leg; that is, in an entrechat quatre each leg makes two distinct movements. Entrechats are divided into two general classes: the even-numbered entrechats, or those which land on two feet-- deux, quatre, six, huit and dix-- and the odd-numbered entrechats, or those which land on one foot-- trois, cinq, sept and neuf.

For example: in an entrechat quatre, the dancer will jump from the fifth position, crossing his legs twice, landing in the same position he started.

 * epaulement
 * (literally, "shouldering") Rotation of the shoulders and head relative to the hips in a pose or a step.

F

 * five positions of the feet
 * See Positions

 * fourth position
 * See Positions

 * fifth position
 * See Positions

 * fouetté:
 * French: "To whip"; pronounced . A movement on one leg that requires the dancer to change the hip and torso direction, usually with a whiplike sharpness, while maintaining the leg direction and position. Can also be done in the air.

 * fouetté en tournant
 * The famous 32 fouettés that mark a virtuosic high point in Swan Lake and other ballets are actually fouettés en tournant (turning), where it is the working leg, not the torso, that does the whipping movement. Each fouetté involves the dancer standing momentarily on flat foot with the supporting knee bent as the other ('working') leg is extended in front then whipped round to the side, creating the impetus to spin one turn as the working foot is then pulled in to touch the supporting knee and the dancer executes a relevé, jumping onto pointe. Done 32 times in sequence without touching the working leg to the ground (or falling over, 'travelling' off the stage, etc.) is a bravura performance designed to express the strength, triumph and indomitability of the character. And, of course, show of the technical brilliance of the ballerina. Male dancers do a variant usually keeping the leg out - they're not en pointe.

G

 * glissade:
 * Literally, to glide. This is a traveling step starting in a fifth position demi-plie, in which the working foot moves out to a point, both legs briefly straighten as weight is shifted toward the pointed foot, and the other foot moves in to meet the first.  The movement may also be done sur les pointes.

 * grand plié:
 * A full plie, or bending of the knees is similar to a deep knee bend but turned or rotated out and rather than dropping below the knees you stretch the thighs by gently forcing the knees down while the heels come off of the floor (except for second position where the heels are kept on the floor) and returning to a straightened positions by pressing the heels to the floor as you straighten the knees.

 * grand jeté:
 * A grand jeté is a long horizontal jump, starting from one leg and landing on the other. It is most often done forward and usually involves a split in mid-air (also called grand écart en l'air). This Jump is done with straight legs. There is a jump similar to this, however, it involves a Développé (it doesn't just kick out the front leg), and is referred to as Saut de chat.

P

 * partnering
 * For a male dancer, this includes lifting, catching and carrying a partner, also assisting with leaps, promenades and suppported pirouettes. For a female dancer, it includes being lifted, carried, and being assisted with or caught after leaps.In general it is an effort by both the male and female dancers to achieve a harmony of movement so that the audience is unaware of the mechanics but just the effect which can be both physical and emotional. Also known as a pas de deux (dance for two).

 * pas
 * Literally, movement or a step. In ballet, a Pas often refers to a combination of steps which make up a dance (typically, in dance forms such as jazz, hip-hop, tap, etc., this is called a routine). Pas is often used as a generic term when referring to a particular suite of dances, i.e. Pas de deux, Grand Ballabile, etc., and may also refer to a variation. The use of the word Pas when referring to a combnation of steps which make up a dance, is used mostly in Russia, and parts of eastern Europe, while in english speaking counties the word combination often suffices.

 * pas de chat - "step of the cat". This involves the dancer jumping sideways, and whilst in mid-air, bending both legs back up to touch the top of their buttocks while the knees are apart. The position sustained in mid-air is similar to the "butterfly" stretching position. The Dance of the Cygnets from Swan Lake involves sixteen pas de chat, performed by four dancers holding hands with their arms interlaced.
 * pas de basque - a grand movement ("step of the Basques") which is halfway between a step and a leap, and can be taken strictly on the floor (glissé) or with a jump (sauté)and can be done moving toward the front or toward the back.
 * pas de bourrée - three quick steps, when done to the a la seconde the feet usually switch derrier positions (right left right).
 * pas de cheval- (literally: step of the horse) where the dancer does a coupé then a small developpé and tendus back into starting position.
 * pas de poisson- (literally: step of the fish) requires the dancer to begin from two feet in fifth position, and jump, arching the back with the legs straightened behind, so that the body resembles a fish jumping out of water. This position may also be used in partnering work.
 * pas de valse - waltz step. A travelling step done to music in 3/4 time, which can be done either straight or turning (en tournant).

 * passé
 * The movement, passé, usually refers to the working foot passing close to the knee of the standing leg and can be done by the front or back foot withdrawing from the floor, as in fifth position, and performing the retiré movement(this movement is literally the 'withdrawing') and when the foot arrives by the knee of the standing leg it passes and continues its movement either to return to the floor by sliding down the back (or front depending on where it started the movement) of the standing leg or into an arabesque or attitude or variations thereof depending if the passé foot is coming from the back or front. The term, passé, has also come into popular usage for the position in which the foot is placed near or on the knee.

 * pirouette
 * One of the most famous ballet movements; this is where the dancer spins around on demi-pointe or pointe on one leg. The other leg can be in various different positions; the standard one being retiré. Others include the leg in attitude, and grand battement level, second position. They can also finish in arabesque or attitude positions.

A pirouette can be en dehors - turning outwards, starting with both legs in plie, or en dedans - turning inwards.

 * plié
 * A basic bending movement of the knees; in French, it means "bent". This can be taken to demi-plié (a comfortable, natural bend) or grand-plié, where the dancer bends all the way down until their buttocks reach their feet, whilst maintaining classical turn-out.Turn-out through the hips.

 * pointe work
 * The action of rising to the tips of the toes while performing steps.

 * port de bras
 * "Carriage of the arms and head." Movement of the arms in a motion around the body. The basic port de bras moves from bras bas to first position of the arms, to second position of the arms, then back down to bras bas. A full port de bras moves from bras bas to first to fifth, down through second and back to bras bas. Examples: Video, the second port de bras with music:, Page with this video

Positions of the feet
Five positions of the feet were set down by the dancing master Pierre Beauchamp at some point in the late 17th century.

When the dancer stands with the feet heel to heel in the shape of a "-", arms should be out like the dancer is holding a beachball with your hands about an inch above your belly button.
 * first position :

 * second position :

 * third position :

In fourth position the dancer's feet are like the fifth, but farther apart. The thighs should be still touching. Do not roll the feet like the picture below keep them flat by putting your weight on them. Dancer has the weight going down as if she or he were tied to the ground or being pushed into the ground but does not bend the legs, keeping them straight bend in a plie. If the right leg is in front, the right arm should be above the head, curved, and the left in front of the dancer's belly button, also curved. When left leg is in front do the opposite. In each the palms are facing the dancer, the elbows are up, and the shoulders down.
 * fourth position :

 * fifth position :

Positions of the arms

There are two basic positions for the arms: in one, the dancer keeps the fingers of both arms almost touching to form an oval shape; in the other, the arms are extended laterally with the elbows slightly bent. These positions may be combined to give other positions; the nomenclature for the position of the arms differs according to the method followed (Vaganova, French, Cecchetti...). The following descriptions apply to the 'rounded' positions of the arms; the corresponding allongés positions are obtained by stretching the elbows and rotating the palms of the hands downwards. A description for each school is given for better clarity.

Vaganova (or Russian school):
 * bras bas (or preparatory position): both arms are rounded with the fingers almost touching, with both hands just in front of the dancer's hips.
 * first position: maintaining this curved oval shape, the arms are brought up so that the tips of the fingers are in line with the navel, and no higher than the sternum.
 * second position; the arms are stretched out to the side, however there is an angle of the arms down and forward, and the palms are facing forward. The elbow is slightly lower than the shoulder and the wrist is level with the elbow.
 * third position: the arms are as in the first position, but just above and slightly forward of the dancer's head.

French school:
 * bras bas (or 'bras au repos'): both arms are rounded with the fingers almost touching, with both hands just in front of the dancer's hips.
 * first position: maintaining this curved oval shape, the arms are brought up so that the tips of the fingers are in line with the navel.
 * second position: the arms are stretched out to the side, however there is an angle of the arms down and forward, and the palms are facing forward. The elbow is slightly lower than the shoulder and the wrist is slightly lower than the elbow.
 * third position: one arm is in second position, while the other is rounded and raised above the head (French fifth position).
 * fourth position: one arm is in first position, while the other is rounded and raised above the head (French fifth position).
 * fifth position (or 'bras en couronne'): both arms are rounded and held just above and slightly forward of the dancer's head.

Cecchetti method:
 * first position: both arms are slightly rounded with the fingers almost touching, with both hands just in front of the dancer's thighs; it is equivalent (but not identical) to the 'preparatory position' of the Russian and French schools.
 * second position: the arms are stretched out to the side, however there is an angle of the arms down and forward, and the palms are facing forward. The elbow is slightly lower than the shoulder and the wrist is sligtly lower than the elbow. A position intermediate between the first and the second position is called 'demi-seconde' (half-second position).
 * third position one arm is in the first position, while the other is in a position intermediate between the first and the second position ('demi-seconde').
 * fourth position: there are two forth positions. Fourth 'en avant' (in front): one arm is in second position, while the other is in fifth en avant. Fourth 'en haut' (high): one arm is in second position, while the other is in fifth position en haut.
 * fifth position: whenever the arms are rounded to form an oval shape, they are said to be in the fifth position. Therefore, there is a fifth position 'en bas' (down), 'en avant' (forward; similar to the Russian and French first position) and 'en haut' (high; Russian third position).

R

 * relevé
 * (pronounced: reh-luh-VAY) to Snatch. When you raise your heels off the ground with or without the help of a plié and balance on the ball of your foot or en pointe.

See also elevé

 * retiré position
 * Position of the working leg where the toe is pointed next to the supporting knee.

 * rond de jambe
 * Literally: circles of the leg.

 * rond de jambe à terreis a rond de jambe on the ground. The moving leg describes a semicircle on the floor, either from front to back (rond de jambe en dehors) or from back to front (rond de jambe en dedans), between degage positions front and back, passing through first position as the foot comes to through the centre of the circle.
 * rond de jambe en l'air is rond de jambe in the air. It can also be en dedans and en dehors. The movement is only below the knee of the working leg. It can be done in two positions of the working leg at 90° and at 45°. If the thigh of the working leg is horizontal, the toe of the working leg draws an oval approximately between the knee of the support leg and the second position in the air. If the thigh of the working leg is semi-elevated (demi-position), then the working oval is to the calf of the support knee.
 * grand rond de jambe is a rond de jambe where the leg is sustained at grand battement height.
 * demi grand rond de jambe is a rond de jambe where the leg is sustained at a lower height than a grand battement, usually 90°.

S

 * sauté
 * This is the French word for a jump. Sautés include:

 * Petits sautés - these are small jumps where the feet don't change positions mid-air.
 * Echappés sautés - (literally a ripping jump) these are jumps where the legs jump up together, but split apart mid-air and land in second position.
 * Changements - these are sautés where the feet change position, i.e. front and back feet swap, whilst still very close together, mid air.
 * Entrechats quatres - this is like a changement but involves a rapid beating of the feet, where the front leg moves to the back and then moves back to the front, creating a rapid, blurring effect of the feet mid-air.

 * second position
 * See Positions. Legs are apart (more than shoulder width), toes turned out, at 180 degrees or slightly less. Schematically it may look as follows ("0" marks heels, "---" marks feet):  ---0 . . . .  0---

T

 * third position
 * See Positions. This is similar to Fifth position, however the legs are allowed more room; i.e. they do not overlap totally. It is sometimes regarded as an 'introductory' fifth position for beginners before they develop the turn-out required for a proper fifth position. Instead of the heel being placed at the toe of the other foot, the heel is placed at the arch of the other foot. One arm is extended laterally while the other forms a half arc above the head.

 * tours en l'air
 * This is where the dancer jumps into the air, and whilst in the air, performs a rotation, landing in fith position. A single tour is a 360° rotation, and a double; 720°. This is a grand movement, normally performed only by male dancers. It can finish on one leg with the other extended in attitude or arabesque, or to one knee as done at the end of some variations. Vaslav Nijinsky was known to perform triple tours en l'air.

 * turnout
 * Turnout is a rotation of the leg which comes from the hips and the derriere, causing the legs to turn outwards, and the feet to turn outwards; this being a dancer's turnout. Turnout technique is used mainly in Classical Ballet, whereas Jazz Dance uses primarily the opposite "straight feet" techniques.

title: Appendix:Glossary of ballet