text:
Talk:troll

http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=troll&diff=615652&oldid=461313 looks like vandalism. Never seen such a meaning before. Removing it. 220.233.48.200 14:38, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

RFV 1
The sense that is labelled as "Caltech slang". I think the slang used by particular institutions is too obscure to be included in Wiktionary. — Paul G 15:51, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Deleted. Caltech definitely constitutes a "narrow community" (see WT:CFI). —RuakhTALK 16:55, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I'll drop a note to the contributor. — Paul G 09:37, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think narrowness should matter, so long as it's verifiable. If someone's published A Dictionary of Caltech Slang or something that we can use to check that the terms exist, then they should be included. --Ptcamn 18:32, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, there's nothing stopping us from amending Criteria for inclusion to remove the "narrow community" caveat and to define "verifiable" as "supported by a published source, such as the published versions of UrbanDictionary.com"; just bring it to Beer parlour and Votes first. —RuakhTALK 18:54, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hey, don't put words in my mouth. UrbanDictionary is not a reliable source, whether online or in print. --Ptcamn 21:52, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Whereas our hypothetical "A Dictionary of Caltech Slang", published by "someone", is reliable? Either way, you see my point: such a policy would entail a change to WT:CFI, and hence would need to be voted on. —RuakhTALK 21:59, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
The article lists two pronunciations. Are both pronunciations equally valid for all the possible meanings of the word, or do the pronunciations have different meanings?SpectrumDT 12:27, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

A more general definition of the neologism
Hey, so I'm pretty intrigued by the idea of a troll (in the internet sense) being a particular sub-genre of comedy not tied to the internet. As in, yes, it's very related to the internet but I don't think the internet is integral to its definition. Think of someone who shows up in the crowd at a protest with a "We have no idea what we're talking about" sign (which I've seen at a town hall recently). I think even streaking is in the same spirit.

My question is, does that seem like such a far-out theory to other people? To explain better what I mean, I'll show the definition I've been working on. It's much more verbose than what the final should be, but I'm just trying to specify exactly what I mean first:

"Misrepresenting oneself in an offensive or disruptive way for the purpose of comedy. The audience for the comedy consists of the "comedian" himself and those in the disrupted community who understand the humor."

 * However much fun your invented definition might be, it's no use to a dictionary documenting the language if you can't find evidence to cite it. Equinox ◑ 01:31, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry, let me clarify that I just wanted to put into words a new use I've observed and maybe get feedback about whether this direction is misguided or unrepresentative. The definition isn't fabricated; it's one I've seen in use.  But it could be a really limited use.  I can't tell.

 * So: don't worry, I'm not even thinking of touching the article; just sounding it out. If I were to that point then yeah, I'd be talking about citations.  But before I go looking I want to see whether anyone's receptive to the idea at all.  FYI I'm new to Wikitionary so just let me know if I've made any faux pas. Qwerty0 06:14, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Possibly verifying the sense of tending a fire
A w:wp:googletest for "the ancient yuletide carol" shows that in the song Deck the Halls, the phrase is preceded by the verb troll in command form. Could these be related? :)--Thecurran 14:56, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

RFV 2
Rfv-sense: To tend a fire. OED? DCDuring TALK 14:57, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Not specifically. OED's troll v. I. 2. says, in part, “to roll, bowl, trundle; to turn over and over, or round and round”, which may be an action taken by someone tending a fire. —Michael Z. 2009-06-05 02:47 z

RFV failed, sense removed. —Ruakh TALK 17:05, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Etym 2, senses 3 & 4 dates
Current defs:
 * 1)  To entice fish with bait; to fish using a line and bait or lures trailed behind a boat.
 * 2)  By extension, to search (for), to draw out, to entice.

Etymonline says that (quote) [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=troll|Fig. sense of "to draw on as with a moving bait, entice, allure" is from 1560s.]

So I'm wondering: how sure are we that sense 4 is really by extention from sense 3, given that (according to Etymonline anyway) sense 4 predates sense 3?

Thanks--Person12 14:28, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

"Troll" as unwanted poster
Just a note: I've noticed that, beyond the traditional sense of "deliberate Internet troublemaker", the word "troll" has now (to the annoyance of oldbies) been appropriated as an insult to sling at anybody making an unpopular post. e.g. on YouTube you might see a genuine, non-troublemaking comment like "This guy can't play guitar at all; he's way out of tune" dismissed as a "troll" purely for being critical. This will probably end up diluting and broadening the word (which is a pity) so I thought I'd mention it early. Equinox ◑ 23:55, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

"Troll" (internet version) as pejorative
I know many netizens might disagree with me, but I honestly think that "troll" as a noun describing someone who "trolls" should be labelled pejorative, since the term is often used nowadays to effectively call someone a "dickhead". True, calling someone a troll doesn't have to be used in the pejorative sense, but neither does "dickhead". And "troll" certainly isn't being used commonly as a term of endearment. Whether the internet as a whole is generally full of more rude behaviour than real life is irrelevant too. And there's simply too much misuse of the term, or gratuitous use of it, to deem it appropriate in many cases. Any way to "back this up", since I'd change the definition but it's not like I'm laden with evidence other than being a netizen and seeing how terms like "troll" are used. Also, Equinox's section about "Troll as an unwanted poster" seems to have similar significance Ceigered 10:05, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

"Troll" etym. 2, sense 7 needs citation?
I'm certain I've heard this sense used in both real life and on internet forums. I use sense seven myself in colloquial speech with my friends. The problem is, I can't find anywhere where I can quote this sense from at the moment. Any solid contibution for a cited quotation would be great. Thank you. --SoundSynthesis. A lover of many things strange and nerdy 21:05, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

RFV 3
Rfv-sense "To be the target of an internet troll." The usexes are of the passive form "be trolled". Siuenti (talk) 16:43, 7 August 2012 (UTC)
 * This was speedy deleted and then restored. I think it should be speedy deleted again as a total error. Mglovesfun (talk) 07:41, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed it, hopefully no-one will complain. Siuenti (talk) 15:29, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Struck. - -sche (discuss) 08:31, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

Transitiveness
As of current viewing the 8th and 9th definitions pertaining to "internet slang":
 * "intransitive" In an online community or discussion, (to post inflammatory material so as) to attempt to lure others into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment and/or gratuitous disruption.
 * "transitive" By extension, to incite anger (outside of an internet context); to provoke, harass or annoy.

I went and looked up these terms as they pertain to classifying verbs since I didn't know what they meant...
 * transitive: requires one or more objects
 * (eg I kick the ball)
 * intransitive: not taking a direct object
 * For example, the verb listen does not usually take a direct object; one cannot say *"I listened the ball".

I believe that some examples would serve in illustrating the transitive difference here, as I don't think the definitions adequately focus on doing so. For example:
 * Calculator trolls Oracle on the internet
 * Calculator trolls on the internet

There is a conflict in the transitive definition too. It has an "outside of an internet context" disclaimer, yet still has the "Internet slang" label out in front of it. How does this mesh?

I find both overly narrow. Although popularized on the internet and initially used pertaining to discussions there, this describes the place of origin but not the substance of its definition. I think we are mistaking "pizza is invented in Italy and popular there" with "pizza is only made in Italy".

Unless some source exists specifying exclusive-Internet usage of the term, I think we should downgrade this exclusive definition to "especially on the Internet" rather than requiring "in an online community" or conversely "outside of an Internet".

The verb 'to troll' can be used both transitively and intransitively on and off of the internet. It is wrong to speak as if intransitive use exclusively means Interneet and that transitive use exclusively means non-Internet. Etym (talk) 14:17, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Regarding the conflict point: I don't see a necessary conflict in Internet slang referring to non-Internet things. People on the Internet talk about things that happen off it. Equinox ◑ 06:07, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

Numbering
Why does the numbering for the definitions of Etymology 2 go 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 1, 2? 76.189.141.37 18:07, 17 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Blank lines (now removed). SemperBlotto (talk) 05:44, 18 February 2018 (UTC)

"Fantasy"
This is POV and adds nothing to the definition. --2604:2000:E84A:4100:1B6:EBD2:1BE7:63A4 18:44, 16 December 2018 (UTC)
 * So you think trolls actually exist? Boy, the Internet never ceases to amaze. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:46, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

RFV discussion: October 2019
Sense "An ugly person of either sex, especially one seeking sexual experiences." It's not something I've heard, and I think that quotes might clarify the context and meaning.--Prosfilaes (talk) 07:33, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * cited Kiwima (talk) 18:28, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Yeah, a natural extension of the "grotesque monster" sense. Kiwima beat me to citing it. Equinox ◑ 03:03, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * RFV-passed, although I am not convinced about the "especially one seeking sexual experiences" part. Kiwima (talk) 17:51, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

Internet troll
So this sense, etymologically speaking, has nothing to do with the grotesque monster, as many people seem to assume, but rather the verb to troll, meaning to draw something out or elicit? Could they have been partly conflated over time, or is it just a matter of folk etymology? I guess patent troll was one of the earlier uses of a sense along those lines, before the Internet came about. Word dewd544 (talk) 23:02, 25 December 2019 (UTC)
 * That struck me as out of place too. The online OED has had this listed as a draft addition since 2006 under the "strolling" etymology, but notes that it may also have been influenced by the "grotesque monster" ety.  It begs the question how is anyone deciding what its ety is?  Spinning  Spark  07:46, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

 * In my personal experience it used to be primarily a verb (trolling someone on Usenet newsgroups, i.e. casting a lure to provoke certain responses) and the noun has become more common more recently, along with the bridge-troll type image (the grey 4chan troll face is now widely known!). Equinox ◑ 08:49, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

 * This extract from Ibsen's The Masterbuilder (1893) suggests a meaning of a deceitful person
 * HILDA: But if that be so, can you then not lie just the least little bit—?
 * SOLNESS: Lie? Hilda, take those d—d plans away.
 * HILDA: Now don't bite! You spoke about a troll.—It seems to me you act like a troll yourself.
 *  Spinning Spark  09:15, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

Fishing: especially for pike?
Chambers 1908 defines it as "to fish, esp. for pike, with rod and line, using revolving lure, artificial or natural, such as spoon-bait, minnow, etc." Equinox ◑ 03:28, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:troll


text:
felonous

Etymology
From, , , , , , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Evil, wicked.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: felonous


text:
absorbed

Adjective

 * 1) Fully occupied with one's thoughts; engrossed.
 * 2) (Of something) That has been taken in, engulfed, imbibed, or assimilated.

Translations

 * Bengali:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: pohlcený
 * Dutch: inbeslaggenomen
 * Finnish: uppoutunut, syventynyt
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Japanese:
 * Occitan: absorbit, perpensatiu,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Czech: pohlcený
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Hindi: अवशोषित
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Hindi: अवशोषित
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

title: absorbed


text:
Michigan basement

Noun

 * 1)  A simple, often damp, basement that has an earth floor.

title: Michigan basement


text:
User talk:Thebends~enwiktionary

Hi there. The Main Page is protected from vandalism as it is our window on the world. Only sysops can edit it. Here is our standard welcome - in case you would like to post some definitions. SemperBlotto 14:49, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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WOTD
Just thought I'd mention that I've set up an automated WOTD template which I have on my user page. The word list is at User:Amgine/WOTD. It's really a rough mock-up of what could be done, if someone is interest in following up on this idea. - Amgine/talk 04:02, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Your idea is great... but will it actually work? Does it update itself? The template looks good, but my original idea was to have it stretch across the whole page, like in the Wikiquote main page.  The template would work, but I'm not sure where or how well it would fit in. --Thebends 04:08, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The best way to get something on the main page is to develop a working system, then propose it. This system is more easily maintainable, but it could be made easier yet. It took me a couple hours today to set up the rest of January (using random page to find words which had interesting or not necessarily common definitions,) so maintaining it is not particularly onerous.

 * You might want to look at the main page and modify the layout of this template so it would work well stylistically with Wiktionary main page - colors, fonts, spacing, those sorts of details. And you could create February's table on the User:Amgine/WOTD page and begin filling it in. With a full month of created word pages to windward I think the admins might be more willing to reconsider this feature.

 * As for if it will work, it already has. You can look at the word for 6 January, then at the one on my user page, and they should be different (although page cache may not be helping out here.) If the cache is an issue, I have some other solutions which can be used. - Amgine/talk 04:14, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks like all good news so far. I don't know who to contact for permission to launch this feature, so that'll probably be up to you. I'd also like to thank you for all your help so far. I'll get started on the February table, too. I'll also think about trying out a different template to see what I can come up with. --Thebends 04:21, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Or go ahead and modify the one that's there. Feel free to experiment. Be bold. - Amgine/talk 04:46, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That's what I hear (Be Bold)... I'm going to take a little break now, though. Thanks for all your help!--Thebends 04:49, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Invitation to contribute
Hi,

You might or might not already be aware that there is now a new system in place for marking translations that need to be checked (those that are suspected of being incorrect or those where it is not clear which sense(s) of a word the translations apply to). (See here for the Beer parlour discussion on this topic.)

Translations to be checked are now categorised by language. For example, Category:Translations_to_be_checked_(French) contains a list of all words where French translations need to be checked. This is designed to make the checking of these translations easier to maintain and work with.

I'm contacting everyone who has either expressed an interest in working on translations or has indicated in Babel that they have a good knowledge of a particular foreign language or languages.

Would you be interested in helping out with the translations to be checked for Italian? If so, please read the page on how to check translations.

If you want to reply to this message, please do so on my talk page. Thanks for your help you can provide.

— Paul G 11:48, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

checking translations to Spanish
Hi Paul, Yes. I'll check those translations from time to time. Miguel Andrade 14:25, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, but I cannot do any Italian translations on account of I have never spoken or learned Italian. I simply forgot to take that Babel box of my userpage. However, I am fairly good at French so if you need a French-to-English or English-to-French translator I would be happy to help.  Thebends 15:32, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem, thanks for letting me know. I am proficient in both French and Italian so can do these; however, there are a large number for French, so any help you can provide there would be appreciated. — Paul G 10:59, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Thebends. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Thebends~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:18, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:33, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thebends~enwiktionary


text:
User:Thebends~enwiktionary

Radiohead, the Red Sox, Baseball, Kurt Vonnegut... all nice, nice, very nice.

 Word of the Day

title: User:Thebends~enwiktionary


text:
Michener

Proper noun

 *  was an American writer.
 *  was an American writer.

title: Michener


text:
middle-aged

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to middle age or a middle-ager; neither old nor young.
 * 2)  Characteristic of middle-aged people.
 * 3)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Characteristic of middle-aged people.
 * 2)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Characteristic of middle-aged people.
 * 2)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.
 * 1)  Belonging to the Middle Ages; medieval.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: middeljarig
 * Arabic:, كهلَة
 * Assamese: আদহীয়া, মাজবয়সীয়া
 * Bulgarian: на средна възраст
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: mezaĝa
 * Estonian: keskealine
 * Finnish: keski-ikäinen
 * French: d'âge moyen,, d'âge mûr
 * Galician: de mediana idade
 * German: mittleren Alters
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: meánaosta, bunaosta
 * Japanese:
 * Maori: taipakeke, taikaumātua
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: middelaldrende
 * Nynorsk: middelaldrande
 * Persian: میانسال
 * Polish: w średnim wieku
 * Portuguese: de meia-idade
 * Punjabi: ਅਧਖੜ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: сре̏довјечан
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: de mediana edad
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: balubata, talubata
 * Ukrainian: середнього віку, середніх літ
 * Urdu: ادھیڑ

title: middle-aged


text:
middle age

Noun

 * 1) That period of life directly preceding old age, often defined roughly as ages 45–65; midlife.

Translations

 * Assamese: আদহ, মাজ বয়স
 * Catalan: mitjana edat
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: mezaĝo
 * Finnish:
 * French: âge moyen
 * German: mittleres Alter,
 * Irish: meánaois
 * Italian: mezza età
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: сре́дний во́зраст
 * Spanish: mediana edad, edad media
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: canol oed

title: middle age


text:
busboy

Noun

 * 1)  Assistant waiter; one who clears plates from and cleans tables

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: Hilfskellner
 * Hungarian: kisegítő pincér/felszolgáló
 * Romanian:
 * Slovene: pomivalec, pomočnik
 * Spanish: ayudante de camarero, ayudante de mozo, galopino
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: garson yamağı

title: busboy


text:
middleware

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Software that functions at an intermediate layer between applications and operating system or database management system, or between client and server.
 * 2)  Networking software or hardware that is deployed in the middle of, as opposed to serviced by, a packet network to enhance or provide some network function, such as caching, filtering, or firewall functionality.

title: middleware


text:
milady

Etymology
Partly representing a colloquial pronunciation of, partly from , from. Compare.

Noun

 * 1)  An English noblewoman or gentlewoman; the form of address to such a person; a lady.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: миледи
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: méltóságos asszony
 * Russian: ,

Verb

 * 1) To address as “milady”.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lady,

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A ; an English noblewoman or gentlewoman.

title: milady


text:
militant

Etymology
From, from , present participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) Fighting or disposed to fight; belligerent, warlike.
 * 2) Aggressively supporting of a political or social cause; adamant, combative.
 * 1) Aggressively supporting of a political or social cause; adamant, combative.

Translations

 * Belarusian: ваяўні́чы
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chechen:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 好战的
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Ukrainian: войовни́чий,

 * Armenian: մարտնչող
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Occitan:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: militante

Noun

 * 1)  A soldier, a combatant.
 * 2) An entrenched or aggressive adherent to a particular cause, now especially a member of a particular ideological faction.
 * 3)  someone who supports the Trotskyist political view expressed in the newspaper Militant, or who engages in aggressive left-wing politics.
 * 1)  someone who supports the Trotskyist political view expressed in the newspaper Militant, or who engages in aggressive left-wing politics.
 * 1)  someone who supports the Trotskyist political view expressed in the newspaper Militant, or who engages in aggressive left-wing politics.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُقَاتِل, مُحَارِب,, مُكَافِح, مِغْوَار
 * Azerbaijani: yaraqlı
 * Chechen:
 * Hungarian:
 * Maori: kaiwhakatūtū
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Yiddish: מיליטאַנט

 * Bulgarian: троцкист
 * Russian: ,

Adjective

 * a

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) militant belligerent, tending to violence, defensive

Noun

 * 1) A militant, combatant.
 * 2) A devoted supporter, activist.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an activist, campaigner

Usage notes

 * Unlike in English, the French noun militant can mean any activist or supporter and does not connote an aggressive approach.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) militant

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) activist

Adjective

 * 1)  (belligerent)
 * 2)  (combative)

title: militant


text:
mopery

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  An imaginary or trivial legal offense.

title: mopery


text:
scriptorium

Etymology
From, from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A room set aside for the copying, writing, or illuminating of manuscripts and records, especially such a room in a monastery.

Translations

 * Belarusian: скрыпторый
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 撰經閣
 * Czech: skriptorium
 * Dutch:, schrijfzaal
 * Finnish: kirjoitushuone, scriptorium
 * French:
 * Georgian: სკრიპტორიუმი
 * German:
 * Indonesian: skriptorium
 * Japanese: 写字室
 * Lithuanian: skriptoriumas
 * Macedonian: писарница, скрипториум
 * Polish:
 * Romanian: scriptorie
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: скрѝпто̄рӣј
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: skriptórium
 * Slovene: skriptorij
 * Spanish: scriptorium
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: โรงเขียนหนังสือ
 * Ukrainian:
 * Welsh: sgriptoriwm
 * West Frisian: skriptoarium

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  place where manuscripts are produced

Etymology
..

Noun

 * a

Etymology
From or equivalently,.

Noun

 * 1) writing desk
 * 2) writing room

Descendants

 * Inherited:
 * Borrowed:
 * Borrowed:
 * Borrowed:

title: scriptorium


text: とき

title: とき


text:
とも

Particle

 * 1)  all, both

Etymology 2
From. First attested in the  of 720.

Ultimately derived from a compound of 🇰🇲.

Particle

 * 1) of course (as a particle used at the end of the sentence, which shows strong assertion)

Particle

 * 1) also with (see )
 * 2) also (called, to be said, etc.; see )
 * 3)  even if
 * 1)  even if
 * 1)  even if
 * 1)  even if
 * 1)  even if
 * 1)  even if
 * 1)  even if

Etymology 4
Extension of and cognate with.

Noun

 * 1) friend, companion, comrade, pal
 * 2) member of the same category

title: とも


text:
brown study

Etymology
From obsolete and.

Noun

 * 1)  A melancholy mood accompanied by deep thought; a moody daydream.

Usage notes
Usually said as “somebody is in a brown study”.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 冥思出神
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Russian: глубо́кое разду́мье
 * Spanish:

title: brown study


text:
postscript

Alternative forms

 * (post scriptum)
 * (P.S., p.s., etc.)
 * (P.S., p.s., etc.)

Etymology
From, from , neuter of , past participle of , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature.
 * 2)  An addition to a story, play, etc. after its completion.

Usage notes
To indicate the beginning of a postscript to a letter, one often uses the abbreviation PS (or P.S., p.s., etc) followed by a colon or comma.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: postdata
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: postskribo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:, पश्चलेख
 * Hungarian:, Ui., P. S.
 * Malay: catatan tambahan, pascatulisan, poskrip
 * Maori: kupu āpiti
 * Norwegian Bokmål: etterskrift, postskriptum
 * Norwegian Nynorsk: etterskrift, postskriptum
 * Plautdietsch: Bieschreft
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: postscriptum
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: eàrr-sgrìobhadh
 * Slovene: pripis
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, efterskrift
 * Tagalog: tighabol
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: постскри́птум
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:

Verb

 * 1) To extend (a letter or another document) with additional remarks.

title: postscript


text:
Category:Japanese idioms

af:Kategorie:Japannese idiome sv:Kategori:Japanska/Idiom

title: Category:Japanese idioms


text:
East Anglia

Etymology
+ (the area occupied by the Angles)

Proper noun

 * 1)  occupied by Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire.

Translations

 * Danish: East Anglia, Østangel
 * French:
 * German: Ostanglien
 * Italian: Anglia orientale
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: East Anglia
 * Old English: Ēastengle
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Ânglia Oriental
 * Spanish: Anglia Oriental
 * Swedish: Östangeln
 * Welsh: Dwyrain Anglia

title: East Anglia


text: phases

title: phases


text:
solid phase

Noun

 * 1)  One of the three fundamental structural phases of matter in which the cohesive force of matter is strong enough to keep the molecules or atoms in the given positions, restraining the thermal mobility.

Usage notes

 * The word solid phase tends to be used when the statistical mechanical or thermodynamic nature of matter is focused on rather than the matter itself.

Translations

 * Japanese:
 * Romanian: fază solidă
 * Swedish: fast form

title: solid phase


text:
liquid phase

Noun

 * 1)  One of the three fundamental structural phases of matter in which the thermal mobility of molecules or atoms is comparable with the cohesiveness, having them connected but fluid in a mass.

Usage notes

 * The word liquid phase tends to be used when the statistical mechanical or thermodynamic nature of matter is focused on rather than the matter itself.

Translations

 * Japanese:
 * Romanian: fază lichidă
 * Swedish: flytande form

title: liquid phase


text:
gaseous phase

Noun

 * 1)  One of the three fundamental structural phases of matter in which the thermal mobility of molecules or atoms is strong enough to permit their free motion, significantly exceeding the cohesive force.

Usage notes

 * The word gaseous phase tends to be used when the statistical mechanical or thermodynamic nature of matter is focused on rather than the matter itself.

Translations

 * Finnish: kaasufaasi
 * Japanese:
 * Swedish: ,

title: gaseous phase


text:
thematology

Noun

 * 1) The study of themes in literature, especially that of a geographically distributed culture.

Translations

 * French:

title: thematology


text:
theologically

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) In a theological manner.
 * 2) Concerning theological matters.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: teologisesti
 * French:
 * Georgian: თეოლოგიურად
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: teoloģiski
 * Portuguese: teologicamente
 * Slovak: teologicky
 * Spanish: teológicamente

title: theologically


text:
statistical mechanical

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, or relating to statistical mechanics.

title: statistical mechanical


text:
Thesprotia

Translations

 * French: Thesprotie
 * Greek:

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: Thesprotia


text:
Thessalian

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to Thessaly in Greece.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: thessalisch
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Θεσσᾰλῐκός, Θεσσαλός
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: tessálio, tessaliano, tessálico
 * Russian:

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of Thessaly.

Translations

 * French: ,
 * German: Thessaler, Thessalerin, Thessalier, Thessalierin
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Θεσσαλός, Θετταλός, Πετθαλός, Φετταλός
 * Italian:, tessalica
 * Portuguese: tessálio, tessaliano, tessálico
 * Russian: ,

title: Thessalian


text:
Category talk:Arabic language

''PLEASE GO TO PAGE About Arabic TO DISCUSS ARABIC LANGUAGE RELATED TOPICS. IF YOU WANT TO EXPAND ON THE DESCUSSION BLELOW, YOU WILL FIND AN EXACT COPY IN THE MENTIONED PAGE'S TALKPAGE.''

Arabic words - organizing by root - proposal
The English-Arabic dictionary section has the potential to be a very useful section for English speaking students of Arabic. However, the fact that virtually all Arabic words are based on a three (very rarely 4) letter root, with standard prefixes, suffixes and infixes, presents unique problems for organizing an english dictionary of Arabic. Simply organizing the dictionary alphabetically would be unwieldy and difficult to use; when looking up an arabic word, one typically identifies the 3 root letters, then the "form" of the verb it is associated with (there are 10 common forms) and looks up the entry alphabetically by the root letters, to find the definition.

The advantage here is that all related words are grouped together instead of being spread throughout the dictionary. Also, if a dictionary is not organized by root, most words would begin with one of three letters: the equivalent of "Y", "M" or a glottal stop.

I propose the following variation, then, to the standard Wiktionary word page, for arabic words:

Word This would be the entire word, which could still be searched for directly, without deciphering the root letters, for instance منظمة

Arabic Language, as per wiki normal

ROOT in the above example, this would be ن ظ م without the prefix "m" letter and the suffixed "a" sound.

PATTERN NUMBER The above word is form II, or as arab dictionaries describe it:wazn فعّل

Part of Speech --here I don't know whether it makes sense to use English grammar terminology, which only loosely describes arabic grammar functions, or whether it would make more sense to also include the arabic grammar terms (masdar, etc).

pronunciation 'munathama' Definition. 'organization' References etc...

The advantages of this minor variation on the normal definition page will be obvious to students of arabic I think.

>>So my first question, then, is the following: on Wiktionary, how do we go about imposing a fairly radical change in organization of one part of the dictionary? In other words getting people to include two extra indexes (root and pattern) to the arabic words they enter...

>>And second: are we really supposed to hand code every word definition, then rewrite two or three other pages (the front end of the Arabic-English dictionary, etc) to link to every word we enter? Or is there some slightly more automated process for entering and linking to word definitions? --Jackbrown 13:51, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sample Code here - you can "edit" this page (use the tab at the top of the page, not the ones below), then cut and paste the code below to make a template for your new word definitions, filling in the appropriate headlines -

Actually I agree with Jack about this way of organization, it is the best way to make the English-speaking students feel the sense of Arabic language and the great capability for derivation and relationship between the related words. We have firstly to make good list of Arabic words arranged by the first letter, then these words should also categorized according to their root. maby we can make later 2 indexes : one by first letter, and other by root --Chaos 12:13, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I suggest doing both (the root page and the word level page), because sooner we will have other pages trying to link to specific derivations and vocalizations of the same root. To give an example, I created the page عبد, when I found out that the entry slave doesn't have a link to the Arabic word but then I thought it would be less confusing to link direclty to عَبْد, which I then created. I think both can serve different complementary purposes. Interlinking and categorization can improve things. Thoughts?.--Hakeem.gadi 09:25, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

I believe that having a separate page for the root, which lists all the derivative words linking to their own pages. In this case the root should be written in isolated letter forms (e.g.ن ظ م ) for the the reason that many existing words would look exactly like their roots.Hakeem.gadi 06:23, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * While I know next to nothing about Arabic, I do have a small understanding of Semitic languages through some study of Hebrew. I think that organizing words by the tri-letter roots is an excellent idea.  I would suggest considering an approach similar to what Hebrew is doing.  If you take a look at Category:Hebrew roots, you'll see some of their roots.  The root pages can be probably be formatted in a similar fashion to hypothetical language entries, such as Appendix:Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr, with a brief definitional note and perhaps a further etymology, and a list of all words using that root (probably organized in some intuitive way).  Then, you just put a link to the root in the etymology, and you're all set.  You can keep the nice organization, which is specific to Arabic, while still conforming to Wiktionary formatting conventions.  Because I gotta tell you, trying to go against formatting conventions is an arduous uphill battle (and with good reason too, there are a great many benefits to standardization across languages).  Also, it might be worthwhile to move this convo to About Arabic, as that's really where it belongs.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 06:35, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Part of Speech
pronunciation
 * 1) Definition.

Part of Speech (a second one if appropriate)
pronunciation
 * 1) Definition.

RFM discussion: September 2016–August 2021
We currently have Judeo-Arabic, but also Judeo-Tunisian Arabic (ajt) and Judeo-Moroccan Arabic (aju). The Arabic lects they draw from are all considered separate L2s, which perhaps supports this arrangement, but I don't know how different they all actually are, and it seems worth having a discussion on this. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:37, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I'm actually in favor of merging all of Arabic into one language. This would work similarly to how it works with Chinese. But in the past when I brought this up, there seemed to be too much opposition to the idea. As it is stands, the spoken Judeo-Arabic dialects deserve the same treatment as other spoken Arabic dialects. Judeo-Arabic (jrb) itself, however, can be merged with Arabic (ar), because it is essentially the same language as Classical Arabic expect for the fact that it is written in the Hebrew alphabet. But because of the difference in writing system, this merger would not really bring much benefit. --WikiTiki89 23:00, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

 * mentions Judeo-Yemeni Arabic, [jye], and seems to support merger into the topolectal codes. I really don't know what the best solution is, and I await the day when we have Arabic contributors who want to take the lead on making Chinese-style tables and maps where we can list all known dialectal forms — but in the mean time, this is a festering mess. may be interested as well. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:24, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * I did not notice this section; yes, I cannot oppose it. I just mentioned a priori concerns since I never specifically read or listened to Judeo-Arabic, and I thought “who could? would he even notice?”, which is why I said “The Jews might deal with it themselves”. Just on the other hand one might conclude something from the absence of information. “Pleading ignorance”, “to deny claims on the basis of lack of knowledge”. Fay Freak (talk) 18:37, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * In some places, they are very different: following the qeltu/gelet division, Muslim Baghdadi Arabic is a South Mesopotamian dialect, but Jewish and Christian Baghdadi Arabic are both North Mesopotamian dialects (though also distinct from the Jewish sociolects of North Mesopotamia). But this just underlines the need for a template that can show each city or oasis or religious group in a city alongside all the others. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:58, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Agreed that Judeo-Arabic is very often considerably different from the Muslim and Christian dialects. It's also typically written in the Hebrew alphabet, and it might be best to keep it separate, for now. It should be understood that Judeo-Arabic as a heading refers to literary Arabic with Hebrew letters, and it's probably not a bad idea to point Judeo-Arabic head words to their Arabic-letter equivalents.
 * Should we have more active Jewish contributors from Arabic-speaking communities in the future who contribute Judeo-Arabic entries, they can and should feel free to work out among themselves how to handle the many forms of Judeo-Arabic, and we should support their decision if and when this happens. IMO.
 * I'm not against collapsing literary Judeo-Arabic with our main Arabic entries, as long as the entries remain. But I will say that there is a unique vocabulary to Judaism that might still warrant keeping Judeo-Arabic separate until we have more competent Judeo-Arabic contributors. פֿינצטערניש (Fintsternish), she/her (talk) 22:37, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok, I looked a bit into it, having quoted a bit which contains an inventory of the  in one column in the original Hebrew script and in the other transcribed or transliterated into Arabic – not translated as one would translate Serbo-Croatian into Macedonian –, which makes it look like a Standard Arabic text. Similarly it is with reading some of the quotes under Category:Judeo-Arabic lemmas. The transcription is as if from Arabic, and if you only read the transcriptions you don’t know it was written in Hebrew script or an alleged other language. So presuming this is the norm for written Arabic texts in Hebrew script I can definitely support merging the literary “Judeo-Arabic” with  into Arabic and adding Hebrew script to the language data of Arabic. Fay Freak (talk) 13:44, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I  also has concluded that Judeo-Arabic is not a real language and should be merged into Arabic. So I think I will add Hebrew script as second script of Arabic so we can slowly transform them into “Hebrew spellings of” Arabic words. Looking through all the sixty “Judeo-Arabic lemmas”, many of which with quoted full sentences, there aren’t even any peculiarities, it is just as if a Standard Arabic speaker wrote in Hebrew script because that’s what he learned to write, and this, where one would not even see that it is Judeo-Arabic if it were transcribed into Roman letters, is the kind of entries that one would continue to enter. Of course this random selection of “descendants” of “Judeo-Arabic”

├──── Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (yhd) ├──── Judeo-Moroccan Arabic (aju) ├──── Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic (yud) ├──── Judeo-Tunisian Arabic (ajt) └──── Judeo-Yemeni Arabic (jye)
 * is also completely useless for lexicographic practice, just a classificationist database monster, and has to go as soon as Judeo-Arabic is merged. Fay Freak (talk) 18:16, 4 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the ping! I must have missed this discussion somehow. Just to be clear, I am only with merging Literary “Judeo-Arabic” into Arabic. The different Jewish dialects should stay and reclassified as descendants of Arabic. Thankfully there are not that many “Judeo-Arabic” entries at the moment, so it'll be a quick merge and can be done manually.
 * Since Arabic is a WT:WDL language, will this affect “Judeo-Arabic” entries? — Fenakhay ( تكلم معاي · ما ساهمت ) 09:10, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The list of “languages well-documented on the internet” is based on modern languages. A systematic interpretation of the mentions of Arabic and Hebrew there can thus only mean that the restrictions only apply for Modern Standard Arabic and Modern Israeli Hebrew, since accounting for the timeframes of Arabic and Hebrew they are the equivalents of Middle French and Old English: Indeed it literally says Modern Standard Arabic and not just Arabic, which should be enough even for that German editor who does not believe that one can obtain additional rules by . So an Arabic word or sense can be included with a single example that makes clear it is not a ghost-word if it’s old enough (i.e. before the spread of printing in the Arabic world from 1800). No one takes exception that hapaxes in the Qurʾān and the Tanakh are included, and Chinese editors also have signs or senses only found once or twice in old works whether used or mentioned because why not for clarification? Ditto for the , and by the way there is also Judeo-Persian, which is an orphan with us.
 * About the Jewish dialects I thought that Judeo-Iraqi Arabic is just Iraqi Arabic, clearly a continuum. We naturally think of Jewish terms as just Iraqi Arabic, compare, and one doesn’t get the idea of there being a particular “Judeo-Iraqi Arabic” (there are actually various in Iraq, some more Iraqi Arabic some less). Moroccan Arabic is heterogenous enough that it does not make sense to single out Judeo-Moroccan Arabic, is it? Why at the L2 header? “Judeo-Yemeni Arabic”, while sounding great, is so rare in use a term (can we attest it first-hand?) that it could be a ghost language. All of those are fabrications that you only find in Ethnologue or works bearing titles like “Encyclopedia of Linguistics”. You see what I mean? I do not deny differences of Jewish dialects, but SIL drawing a tree of all languages is no sufficient reason to split off languages but the split must naturally follow from the material, which I don’t see to motivate such split. Fay Freak (talk) 11:49, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * This is a good point: we should probably explicitly revise WT:WDL to stop technically including Biblical Hebrew and earlier varieties of Chinese (etc) and to reflect the conventional interpretation that it does cover modern Latin. - -sche (discuss) 21:48, 8 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I never followed this understanding of modern Latin, apart from the question that you cannot well define where it should start. The three-citations rule has objectives that do not apply to Latin but do apply to invented languages like Esperanto, specifically the exclusion of protologisms, for of course invention of words is an evil that works distinctly in constructed languages in comparison to Latin. The users of Latin are so rarefied, divided by their scientific fields, that one durable use must be satisfying. Imagine some writers from whichever age writing about specific things in Arabia or Mexico. Or newer biology. You would generally exclude modern vocabulary. And it also is satisfying considering the number and characters of editors interested in Latin who collect words: I reckon that Latiners that could possibly edit here are the kind of people that read something and thence add a word the form of which they are sure about with single quote but not three even if they know of more, because formatting quotes is work-intensive.
 * I never followed this understanding of modern Latin, apart from the question that you cannot well define where it should start. The three-citations rule has objectives that do not apply to Latin but do apply to invented languages like Esperanto, specifically the exclusion of protologisms, for of course invention of words is an evil that works distinctly in constructed languages in comparison to Latin. The users of Latin are so rarefied, divided by their scientific fields, that one durable use must be satisfying. Imagine some writers from whichever age writing about specific things in Arabia or Mexico. Or newer biology. You would generally exclude modern vocabulary. And it also is satisfying considering the number and characters of editors interested in Latin who collect words: I reckon that Latiners that could possibly edit here are the kind of people that read something and thence add a word the form of which they are sure about with single quote but not three even if they know of more, because formatting quotes is work-intensive.

 * Basically Modern Latin is like Arabic or Hebrew before acquiring their modern properties, note that, therefore it cannot be treated like the modern languages, the documentations of which are threatened by interested parties. So your appeal from the contrary limps, rather you should see how it is still more aptly treated like a dead language. Speaking about the dangers by reason of which we have to have restrictions on where a word must occur, it appears that any mention up to including the Middle Ages suffices and probably beyond until we reach the point where Latin words use to be invented and listed in dictionaries rather than to be used actually, which is reached at the latest with the publication of the . But if any such word is used once it is a good deal. It is hard to obtain a company of three people in a room speaking Latin with each other, isn’t it? Fay Freak (talk) 01:57, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

 * To which I summarize that "Modern Latin speakers are better than the rest of us." There's no reason to record every nonce used in Modern Latin any more than there is in Modern English. I might argue there's less reason, as Modern Latin is more likely to be in published, durably archived sources--as you say, it is hard to obtain a company of three people in a room speaking Latin with each other--whereas Modern English, and even Esperanto, is used all the time in rooms with three people talking to each other, plus online rooms and forums, meaning the three cite rule complicates sourcing words used among a community of speakers for English and Esperanto much more often then Modern Latin.--Prosfilaes (talk) 14:21, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

 * All merged. Judeo-Arabic [jba] is to be merged into Arabic [ar], and converted to an etymology-only code. The other Judeo-Arabic codes are to be merged into their respective regional codes. Entries in Hebrew script will be categorised separately within the language; see Category:Judeo-Arabic. Fenakhay is executing this merger. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:49, 19 August 2021 (UTC)

and something else should be adjusted so categories like Category:Arabic terms with quotations have the Hebrew-script entries sorted by letters and easier to access – it will entice Judeo-Arabic editors later. Fay Freak (talk) 16:22, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Arabic language


text:
Talk:fart

Is this "point of interest" really part of the Swedish article? — Hippietrail 16:16, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope, not at all. Jon Harald Søby 16:17, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Danish
Please replace the danish with the following:

Noun
fart
 * 1) trip
 * 2) journey
 * 3) speed
 * 4) velocity

Derived terms

 * affart
 * bådfart
 * forbifart
 * overfart
 * færgefart
 * gennemfart
 * himmelfart
 * kystfart
 * langfart
 * luftfart
 * medfart
 * Middelfart
 * nedfart
 * nærfart
 * pendulfart
 * rumfart
 * rundfart
 * rutefart
 * skibsfart
 * slædefart
 * sneglefart
 * søfart
 * topfart
 * trampfart
 * valfart

A Better translation for Latin; Modern Greek and Czech synonymes
Please add another translation to Greek, such as κλανιά

Add (or correct) the Latin translation - a less medical term is "pēditum"

 * Czech:, ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Latin: pēditum

Thanks, Matthews

RFV discussion: September–November 2012
Rfv-sense: ramp. As far as I know, is the normal word for a speed ramp, so I'm not sure how this would be shortened to just "fart". Unless someone thought that the fart- part of the word meant "ramp"?? 13:46, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
 * It means something like the place where you can or should drive/navigate (cf. färd), like for example infart, påfart (which is probably why someone added the definition "ramp"). The word is nowadays only found in compounds. See SAOB "fart" #4. Diupwijk (talk) 18:46, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I have removed the sense. If you think it is attested but obsolete outside of compounds, reopen the RFV. - -sche (discuss) 18:07, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Avfart/påfart, infart/utfart, överfart/underfart, tillfart are Swedish words where the -fart suffix has the meaning of a road, ramp or journey, but as far as I can tell this only happens in compounds, and these are probably loan words from German compounds with -Fahrt (Überfahrt, etc.). The stand-alone fart means speed (farthinder = speed bump). The stand-alone word for journey (German Fahrt) is färd, and there are also similar compounds using this word (avfärd, hemfärd, utfärd) with slightly different meanings. While avfärd = German Abfahrt = departure = away-journey; avfart = off-ramp (a road that provides a departure from a motorway). --LA2 (talk) 02:11, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I have now added this under Usage notes, rather than a sense. --LA2 (talk) 02:49, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

Audio
Please can someone add * to the article? It is an audio of the word "fart", not someone farting (although getting an audio of that could be arranged too...) --Gorgehater (talk) 11:42, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Also apparently an obsolete titbit or snack food
See. Equinox ◑ 22:05, 11 July 2020 (UTC)

Swedish: meaning of -fart as suffix
I wonder why this particular page is locked for editing while other Wiktionary pages are generally not locked.

This talk is related to the discussion in the RFV "fart:Swedish".

As a suffix, "-fart" takes the meaning of road, ramp, or journey, but also traffic. Important examples that should be mentioned on the page: sjöfart (water traffic), luftfart (air traffic). To my knowledge, this meaning is specific to "-fart" and is not shared by the Swedish word "färd", i.e. "färd" is "journey" but not "traffic". The German suffix "-fahrt" seems equal to Swedish "-fart" in this sense, for example in "Luftfahrt".

Another example of a compound with "fart": "lagfart". This example should also be brought up. This word more or less means proof of ownership of a property, but it appears like its etymologic origin has to do with right of traffic.

Another comment: In an informal scientific context, "fart" can denote the absolute magnitude of a velocity ("hastighet"), regardless of direction, when velocity ("hastighet") scientifically denotes a vector with a magnitude and a direction.

(Anders Hallström not a registered user) --195.60.183.2 18:31, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

English / Translations / Spanish
(noun) Besides pedo (popular): flato (learned), flatulencia (bookish), gas (discreet), gas intestinal (scientific), cuesco (vulgar, slang), cuexco (obsolete).

title: Talk:fart


text:
think over

Verb

 * 1)  To ponder or reflect on a subject.
 * When he has time to think over what he did, he will regret it.
 * Go home, think it over and tell me your decision on Monday.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:ponder

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ingrian: meettiä
 * Latin: dēlīberō
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Ukrainian: розду́мувати, розмірко́вувати, обду́мати, проду́мати

title: think over


text:
thin-skinned

Adjective

 * 1)  Overly sensitive to criticism; quick to take offence; irritable; touchy.
 * She's rather thin-skinned when it comes to comments about her work.
 * You must handle thin-skinned fruits carefully to avoid bruising them.
 * You must handle thin-skinned fruits carefully to avoid bruising them.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: тънкокож
 * Finnish: ohutkuorinen ; ohutihoinen ; ohutnahkainen
 * French: à la peau fine
 * German:
 * Turkish: ince kabuklu, ince derili

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish: herkkänahkainen, herkkätunteinen,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: picajón, picajoso
 * Turkish: ,

title: thin-skinned


text:
third class

Noun

 * 1)  A reduced-rate mail service for printed matter.
 * 2)  The cheapest accommodation on a train or ship.

Related terms

 * (adjective)

title: third class


text:
third dimension

Noun

 * 1) the quality, of depth or thickness, that differentiates a solid object from a two-dimensional image of it

Translations

 * French: troisième dimension, ,
 * German: dritte Dimension

title: third dimension


text:
peeper

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  The eye.
 * 2) Someone who peeps; a spy.
 * 3)  A private detective.
 * 4) * 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
 * So you go to see this peeper, this Marlowe. That was your mistake.
 * 1) A peeping tom.
 * 2) An animal, such as some frogs, having a shrill, high-pitched call.
 * 3)  A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.
 * 1) A peeping tom.
 * 2) An animal, such as some frogs, having a shrill, high-pitched call.
 * 3)  A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, зъркел
 * Italian: ,
 * Spanish:, clisos
 * Russian:, chiefly plural: ,

title: peeper


text:
third party

Noun

 * 1)  Someone not directly involved in a transaction; an entity beyond the seller (first party) and customer (second party).
 * A seller may employ a third party to perform specific services to augment the value of a product, such as packing and distribution.
 * 1)  Someone only incidentally or tangentially connected to an incident or dispute; someone other than the principals; a bystander or independent witness.
 * 2)  A political party in opposition to the main parties in a two-party system.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: třetí strana
 * Danish: tredjepart
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kolmas osapuoli, kolmas henkilö, ;
 * French: (rare: )
 * Georgian: მესამე მხარე, მესამე პირი
 * German:
 * Hindi: तृतीय पक्ष
 * Hungarian: harmadik/kívülálló fél
 * Italian:, terza parte
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: трето лице
 * Norwegian: tredjeperson
 * Bokmål: tredjemann, tredjepart
 * Nynorsk: tredjemann, tredjepart
 * Persian: شخص ثالث
 * Polish: osoba trzecia
 * Portuguese: terceiros
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian:, terza parti
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, üçüncü şahıs

 * Finnish: kolmas puolue
 * French: troisième parti
 * Georgian: მესამე პარტია
 * Italian: terzo polo
 * Japanese: 第三党
 * Macedonian: трета партија
 * Romanian: terț partid

title: third party


text:
third-rate

Adjective

 * 1)  Of a  ship of the line in the : having 64–80 guns across two gun decks, a complement of 500–650, and weighing approximately 1,750 tons burthen.
 * 2)  Poor, shoddy; less than second-rate.

Noun

 * 1)  A third-rate ship of the line.

title: third-rate


text:
Talk:Thessalian

Second definition should be a noun, isn't it? Kipmaster 16:48, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thessalian


text:
User:Jackbrown

Student of arabic. Live in Cairo. Have done some work in Wikipedia.

title: User:Jackbrown


text:
thistle

Etymology
From, from , from , from. *þīh- from *teyg-, which is a variant of ; from this same Proto-Indo-European root comes 🇨🇬.

Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Any of several perennial composite plants, especially of genera, , , or , having prickly leaves and showy flower heads with prickly bracts.
 * 2) This plant seen as the national emblem of Scotland.
 * 3)  This plant used as a charge.
 * 4) The, or membership thereof.
 * 1)  This plant used as a charge.
 * 2) The, or membership thereof.

Translations

 * Albanian:, , , gjemb gomari
 * Arabic:
 * Moroccan Arabic: شوك
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Basque: kardu
 * Belarusian: чартапало́х
 * Bulgarian: магарешки бодил
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: askal, askallen
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kardo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, cardio, , arzola, melardo
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: βαρακίνη
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Ingrian: ohtajain
 * Irish: feochadán, cluarán
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: 엉겅퀴
 * Latgalian: usne
 * Latin: carduus
 * Latvian: usne
 * Lithuanian: usnis
 * Luxembourgish: Dëschtel
 * Manx: onnane
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: tistel
 * Nynorsk: tistel
 * Old Church Slavonic: влъчьць
 * Pennsylvania German: Dischdel
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Distel
 * Polish:, bodiak
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scots: thrissel
 * Scottish Gaelic: cluaran, fòghnan
 * Sicilian: cardu, carduni
 * Slovak: bodliak
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wóset, badak
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pamingkit
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: осо́т, чортополо́х
 * Vilamovian: döstuł
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: ysgall
 * Xhosa: ikhakhakhaka
 * Yurok: munipɹni

title: thistle


text:
Talk:low bono

I want to apologize to SemperBlotto and other users. This is my first attempt to write for Wiktionary. When I went back to add the additional references, SemperBlotto's wikify edit did not appear, and it appears that I inadvertantly overrode his edit. This was not my intent. If someone can correct this or show me how to restore his edit, I would be grateful. Thanks. Markkravitz.

title: Talk:low bono


text:
middle of nowhere

Noun

 * 1)  A very remote or secluded area; a nondescript place lacking population, interesting things, or defining characteristics.
 * 2) * 1889 Nov. 2, "The Proof" (editorial), The Daily Record (Kansas, USA), p. 2 (retrieved 12 April 2013) :
 * We set out to demonstrate to the people of the county that a corrupt ring managed the Republican party in this county. . . . We want that corrupt ring knocked into the middle of Nowhere.

Usage notes

 * Almost always in the singular, preceded by.

Synonyms

 * See: Thesaurus:remote place

Translations

 * Belarusian: у чорта на рагах, у віру на калу
 * Bulgarian: в средата на нищото
 * Catalan: quinta forca
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 偏僻的地方, 荒郊野外, 前不著村後不著店, 前不着村后不着店
 * Czech: prdel světa, kde lišky dávají dobrou noc
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Estonian: Kapa-Kohila, karuperse, pärapõrgu
 * Finnish: Perähikiä, keskellä ei-mitään, hornantuutti, Huitsin Nevada
 * French:, , , , ,
 * German:, wo sich Fuchs und Hase gute Nacht sagen
 * Greek: στη μέση του πουθενά, στου διαβόλου τη μάνα
 * Hungarian: a semmi közepe,, ahol a madár se jár
 * Icelandic: lengst úti í rassgati
 * Irish: ar an iargúil
 * Italian: mezzo al niente, in culo ai lupi, in culo al nulla , Culonia , in culo al mondo
 * Maltese: sorm id-dinja
 * Maori: tua o Tāwauwau
 * Navajo: tʼáá dzígaidi
 * Persian:, هیچ‌کجا, تورقوزآباد
 * Polish:, wygwizdów, ;
 * Portuguese: Lugar Nenhum; meio do nada; ; ; cu de Judas ,
 * Romanian: în mijlocul pustietății, în pulă cu satelitul
 * Russian: у чёрта на рога́х, у чёрта на кули́чках,, ; ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ann an cùl nan cnoc, am meadhan na mòintich
 * Serbo-Croatian: усред ничега, usred ničega (ničega = genitive of )
 * Slovene: kraj, kjer ti lisica lahko noč vošči
 * Spanish: en el culo del mundo
 * Sranan Tongo: psa Gado ai
 * Swedish: mitt i ingenstans, världens ände
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: ym mhen draw’r byd
 * Yiddish: העק

title: middle of nowhere


text:
User talk:Markkravitz~enwiktionary

Hi there. You can use the "History" tab to find previous edits. Here is our standard welcome - you will find details of our editing conventions there. SemperBlotto 17:05, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Markkravitz. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Markkravitz~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:57, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:16, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Markkravitz~enwiktionary


text:
thornbush

Noun

 * 1) Any of many thorny or spiny shrubs and bushes.

Translations

 * Albanian:, ferrël, ,
 * Arabic: شَوْك
 * Aramaic: סַנְיָא / ܣܢܝܐ, absolute state /
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: шипка
 * Catalan: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: dornarbusto
 * Faroese: tornarunnur
 * Finnish: piikkipensas
 * French: buisson épineux, ,
 * Galician: silva,, silvareu, , balseiro, bardal, balsa, bardaleiro, fonce, espiñeira
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ῥάμνος
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: sceach, sceacha, dris
 * Old Irish: dris
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin: veprēs,
 * Maori: tairo, taraheke, taramoa, tātarāmoa
 * Middle English: brembel
 * Occitan:
 * Persian: خاربوته, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: dris, dreas
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovak: tŕnie
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: makamaka
 * Swedish: törnbuske, ,
 * Telugu: ,
 * Welsh: miaren, mieri

title: thornbush


text:
thoroughness

Noun

 * 1) The state of being thorough.
 * 2) Attention to detail.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: důkladnost
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: cruinneas
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: щателност
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 對細節的關注
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Spanish: detallismo, minuciosidad,

title: thoroughness


text:
vagitus

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) The crying of a newborn baby.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) crying, wailing

title: vagitus


text:
vagitus uterinus

Etymology
Modern medical coinage from Latin +

Noun

 * 1)  The crying of a foetus from within the uterus following rupture of the membranes.

title: vagitus uterinus


text:
thoughtfulness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Thoughtful and considerate attention.
 * 2) Careful deliberation before action.
 * 1) Careful deliberation before action.
 * 1) Careful deliberation before action.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Polish: ,

 * Finnish:
 * French:

title: thoughtfulness


text:
thoughtlessness

Noun

 * 1) disregard for other's feelings
 * 2) heedless disregard for the consequences of one's actions

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Manx: antort, meehastid, meerioose
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀβουλία, ἀλογιστία
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Latin: temeritās
 * Manx: antort
 * Norwegian:
 * Nynorsk: tankeløyse
 * Polish:
 * Slovak: ľahkomyseľnosť

title: thoughtlessness


text:
一般相対性理論

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  general relativity

title: 一般相対性理論


text:
特殊相対性理論

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  special relativity

title: 特殊相対性理論


text:
zygal

Adjective

 * 1) shaped like a yoke, or like the letter H

title: zygal


text:
zibeline

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A thick, soft woolen fabric with a long nap.
 * 2) The sable, or its pelt.

Etymology
From, influenced by 🇨🇬, from , from ; ultimately from a  word (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). .

Noun

 * 1) sable (animal)
 * 2)  the fur of a sable

title: zibeline


text: zhomo

title: zhomo


text:
相対性理論

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  the theory of relativity

title: 相対性理論


text:
Ellingham

Etymology
From the personal name  or  +  +.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Ellingham is the 76768th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 250 individuals. Ellingham is most common among White (97.2%) individuals.

title: Ellingham


text:
veggo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A vegetarian.

Adjective

 * 1)  Vegetarian; suitable for vegetarians.

title: veggo


text:
Mongoliet

Proper noun

 * 1) Mongolia

Proper noun

 * 1) Mongolia

title: Mongoliet


text:
berçário

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nursery

title: berçário


text:
psalter

Etymology
From &, from  & , from , from. .

Noun

 * , particularly when printed as a separate work from the Bible.
 * , which arranges the Psalms for devotional recitation.
 * , which prominently includes the Psalms.
 * 1)  A rosary with 150 beads, used for reciting the Psalms in Catholic editions of the Bible.
 * , a kind of zither as well as the translation of certain obscure musical terms in the Old Testament.
 * 1) * 1849, Sir John Graham Dalyell, Musical Memoirs of Scotland, T. Constable, page 206:
 * Perhaps the viol d'amour underwent several modifications, as its name was changed to psalter in the belief of its being the ancient instrument so denominated, which is quite different, according to most authorities — not belonging to the fidicinal tribe.
 * Perhaps the viol d'amour underwent several modifications, as its name was changed to psalter in the belief of its being the ancient instrument so denominated, which is quite different, according to most authorities — not belonging to the fidicinal tribe.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: زَبُور
 * Armenian:, գիրք սաղմոսաց
 * Azerbaijani: zəbur
 * Belarusian: псалты́р
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 聖詠經
 * Cornish: sowter
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: psalmaro
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ფსალმუნები
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: saltair
 * Old Irish: saltair
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 聖詠, ソルター, サルター,
 * Kazakh: псалтырь, забур
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lithuanian: psalteris
 * Macedonian: пса́лтир
 * Manx: lioar saum, salteyr
 * Ngazidja Comorian: Zabura
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: ѱалтирь
 * Roman:
 * Old East Slavic: псалътырь
 * Old Polish: żałtarz
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: saltério
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: saltair, salmadair
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пса̀лтӣр
 * Slovak: žaltár
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: Psaltaren
 * Tajik: забур
 * Tatar: зәбур
 * Turkish: zebur
 * Turkmen: zebur
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uzbek:
 * Welsh:

title: psalter


text:
理論

Noun

 * 1)  theory
 * 2) theory
 * 3) reason
 * 1) reason

Verb

 * 1) to debate; to argue (with)
 * 2) to reason things out; to judge between right and wrong
 * 3)  to look after; to tend; to be in charge of

Synonyms

Adjective

 * 1)  theoretical

Noun

 * 1) a theory

Derived terms

 * : (adnominal) theoretical
 * : (adv.) theoretically
 * : (adv.) theoretically speaking
 * : (adv.) theoretically
 * : theorist
 * : theoretical chemistry
 * : theoretical philosophy
 * : theoretical dispute
 * : theoretical physics
 * : theoretical philosophy
 * : theoretical dispute
 * : theoretical physics
 * : theoretical dispute
 * : theoretical physics
 * : theoretical physics

title: 理論


text:
座標系

Etymology
座標(coordinate) + 系(system)

Noun

 * 1) coordinate system

Derived terms

 * : orthogonal coordinate system
 * : polar coordinate system

title: 座標系


text:
座標

Etymology
Compare modern 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1)  coordinate

title: 座標


text:
Talk:ekstasis

"alternate definition" section

 * 'alternate definition' is not a dictionary heading, but an encyclopedia heading
 * the contents of this section are not a dictionary definition of the word ekstasis, but are an encyclopedic discussion of types of ekstasis. This is like describing individual breeds of dog under an "alternate definition" of dog.
 * the very page cited gives a definition of ekstasis (viz "used in the original Greek sense of "standing out from"") not unlike the one already present.

So why is this here? —Muke Tever 19:00, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Alternate Definition (removed section)
Taken from Being and Nothingness

Three successive ekstasis by which the being-for-itself is seperated from its Self

 * 1) temporality: The For-itself nihilates the In-itself in the three ways of past, present and future.
 * 2) reflection: The For-itself tries to adopt an external point of view on itself
 * 3) being-for-others: The For-itself discovers that it has a Self for-the-other, a Self which is, without ever being able to know or get a hold of.

title: Talk:ekstasis


text: gone to pot

title: gone to pot


text:
go to pot

Etymology
Figuratively be cut up and tossed into a like meat.

Verb

 * 1)  To come to ruin, especially to decline or deteriorate.
 * 2)  Go to hell. an angry dismissal
 * 1)  Go to hell. an angry dismissal
 * 1)  Go to hell. an angry dismissal
 * 1)  Go to hell. an angry dismissal

Synonyms

 * ;, ; see also Thesaurus:worsen

Translations

 * Finnish: rapistua
 * German:
 * Romanian: duce naibii, duce dracului, duce pe apa sâmbetei
 * Russian: приходить в упадок
 * Swedish:

title: go to pot


text:
ae

Etymology
Variant form of.

Noun

 * 1) mother

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  eye

Etymology
Probably derived from the interjection.

Verb

 * 1) to stroke, pat, caress

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) water clear liquid H₂O

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  liver

Declension

 * Alternative plural:
 * Alternative genitive plural:

Noun

 * 1) tree

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) chicken

Verb

 * 1)  go up

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water clear liquid H₂O

Noun

 * 1) tree

Noun

 * 1) current
 * 2) pool

Verb

 * 1) collect
 * 2) gather, grouping

Conjunction

 * 1) either … or
 * 2) * Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
 * Sef kyfryw chware a wneynt, taraw a wnai pob un dyrnawt ar y got, ae a’e droet ae a throssawl;
 * In this manner they played the game, each of them striking the bag, either with his foot or with a staff.

Etymology
From.

Interjection

 * 1) ; hey!
 * 2) ; oh!

Noun

 * a

Etymology
From.

Interjection

 * 1)  oh yeah expression of joy or approvement

Etymology
Inherited from, accusative of.

Noun

 * 1)  bird (in general), especially eagles or other birds of prey

Usage notes
According to Max Leopold Wagner, ae means 'bird' in a general, almost collective, sense, while a specific bird is usually called a. The term also has a tendency to mean 'eagle' in central dialects, and by extension also 'vulture' and other birds of prey.

Etymology
From, apocopic form of , from , from. See also 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1) one

Usage notes
Used before nouns.

Pronoun

 * 1) one of the two
 * 2) one, someone indefinite

Adjective

 * 1) one, the same

Adverb

 * 1) only
 * 2) about, approximately

Etymology
Possibly from earlier *kel, from, from , from , from. But this etymology remains dubious.

Verb

 * 1) to dig, hollow out

Noun

 * 1) father;
 * 2) stepfather; mother's new husband
 * 3) father's brother
 * 4) husband of one's mother's sister
 * 5) son of one's father's sister
 * 6) son-in-law of one's father's sister
 * 7) son of one's father's parallel cousin
 * 8) paternal grandson of one's paternal grandparent's sister
 * 9) grandfather (on both sides);
 * 10) grandfather's brother
 * 11) maternal grandmother's brother
 * 12) son of one's grandfather's sister
 * 13) maternal grandson of one's grandfather's sister
 * 14) husband of one's father's sister
 * 15) male parallel cousin-in-law of one's father
 * 1) husband of one's father's sister
 * 2) male parallel cousin-in-law of one's father

Usage notes

 * All the relations above can be simply stated as unless the speaker wishes to avoid ambiguity, much as English speakers will say  without specifying, etc.

Etymology
Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to laugh

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) foot, leg

Etymology 2
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to cough

title: ae


text:
temporality

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) The condition of being bounded in time (of being temporal).
 * 2) * [1927], 2000 Martin Heidegger Being and Time
 * Temporality makes possible the unity of existence, facticity, and falling prey and thus constitutes primordially the totallity of the structure of care.
 * Temporality "is" not a being at all. It is not, but rather temporalizes itself. Nevertheless, we still cannot avoid saying that "temporality 'is' the meaning of care," "temporality 'is' determined thus and so."
 * Temporality "is" not a being at all. It is not, but rather temporalizes itself. Nevertheless, we still cannot avoid saying that "temporality 'is' the meaning of care," "temporality 'is' determined thus and so."

title: temporality


text:
pass out

Verb

 * 1)  To faint; to become unconscious.
 * I passed out on the train after drinking a bottle of vodka.
 * 1)  To distribute, to hand out.
 * We'll pass out copies of the agenda.
 * 1)  To graduate, usually marked by a ceremony at the end of training.
 * 2)  To become proficient in a particular job or task.
 * 3) * 2018, Rail, issue 857, July 18-July 31, article on Severn Bridge Junction signal box at Shrewsbury:
 * "en"
 * 1)  To become proficient in a particular job or task.
 * 2) * 2018, Rail, issue 857, July 18-July 31, article on Severn Bridge Junction signal box at Shrewsbury:
 * "en"
 * "en"

- "It took me about a month to pass out on this box," he adds. "It's easy to be daunted by all the levers and bell codes and Absolute Block, but it's all the usual rules of anywhere else. You can't just come up here from the street though, and I thought I'd never be able to work this SB [signal box], but you just get on with it until it becomes second nature."

 * 1)  To graduate from university.
 * 2)  To end (a round) by having passes as the first four bids.
 * 1)  To end (a round) by having passes as the first four bids.

Translations

 * German: ohnmächtig werden,
 * Ottoman Turkish: بایلمق
 * Polish: stracić przytomność
 * Russian: теря́ть созна́ние,, ,

 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: роздава́ти, розда́ти

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 結業
 * Finnish:
 * Spanish:

title: pass out


text:
numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate

Phrase

 * 1) Multiples should never be used if not necessary.


text:
pater familias

Etymology
From +, an archaic genitive of , literally meaning "father of the family" or "father of the household".

Noun

 * 1) head of household

Descendants

title: pater familias


text:
Talk:pater familias

How do you plural this? JillianE 20:48, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

See under the more usual paterfamilias

patres familiarum

 * Do you know how to add the plural patrēs familiārum (familiārum is indeclinable)? J3133 (talk) 10:48, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:pater familias


text: spellchecker

title: spellchecker


text:
grammar checker

Noun

 * 1)  A software application, like a spell checker, that attempts to verify the grammar in a document.
 * I ran the grammar checker on my novel, but the strange names confused it.

title: grammar checker


text:
siphoning

Noun

 * 1) The operation of a siphon.

title: siphoning


text:
sniggle

Etymology 1
From an alteration (perhaps due to ) of, itself a variant of.

Verb

 * 1)  To chortle or chuckle; snicker.

Etymology 2
See.

Verb

 * 1)  To fish for eels by thrusting a baited needle or hook into their dens.
 * 2)  To catch by this means.
 * 3)  To ensnare.
 * 1)  To ensnare.

Etymology 3
From an alteration of.

Verb

 * 1)  To steal something of little value.

title: sniggle


text:
sniggler

Noun

 * 1) A person who catches eels by hand, one who sniggles.

title: sniggler


text:
手柄

Noun

 * 1) handle; hand lever
 * 2) game controller

Noun

 * 1) an exploit
 * 2) achievement, meritorious deed, distinguished service
 * 3) the credit
 * 1) the credit

title: 手柄


text:
Talk:sniggle

I think it involves tickling the eel, but I'm not positive. (And it may be illegal in some states, because related practices can disrupt the reproductive cycle). Oddly the wikipedia entry is only a disambiguation page. JillianE 21:01, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

RFC discussion: October 2013–August 2017
===Etymology=== See snig:.

Verb

 * 1) To catch an eel by thrusting a baited hook into its den.
 * 2) Alternate spelling and pronunciation of snicker (corruption with giggle.) To chortle or chuckle.
 * 3)  To steal something of little value; diminutive corruption of snag + diminutive suffix.

I guess these are three separate etymologies. I found this by checking out the blue links at WT:LOP. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:44, 21 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I guess you're right, though the first sense could be a backformation from the third sense. --80.114.178.7 01:40, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Looks good now --New WT User Girl (talk) 10:43, 27 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:sniggle


text: 正に

title: 正に


text:
救世主

Noun

 * 1) saviour

Proper noun

 * 1)  Saviour

Noun

 * 1) savior, messiah
 * 2) savior (in general)

Proper noun

 * 1)  Messiah

title: 救世主


text:
hereditarian

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) One who advocates hereditarianism.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to hereditarianism.

title: hereditarian


text:
hopelessly

Adverb

 * 1) In a manner showing no hope

Translations

 * Esperanto:
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: desesperadamente

title: hopelessly


text: Category:Gitaigo

title: Category:Gitaigo


text:
へらへら

Adverb

 * 1) frivolously, foolishly

Verb

 * 1) act foolishly

title: へらへら


text:
活躍

Adjective

 * 1) brisk; active; dynamic; lively

Verb

 * 1)  to be active; to be dynamic; to be lively
 * 2)  to liven up; to enliven; to animate; to invigorate

Noun

 * 1) activity, action

Verb

 * 1) to be active (in), to participate actively (in)

title: 活躍


text:
temporalities

Noun

 * 1) the temporal or worldly possessions of the clergy
 * 1) the temporal or worldly possessions of the clergy

title: temporalities


text:
hereditarianism

Noun

 * 1) The school of thought that heredity is more important than factors such as environment in determining intelligence and behaviour.

title: hereditarianism


text:
Talk:cwm

Glacial morphology term. A basin formed at the head of a valley glacier, with steep sided sides (e.g. scarp). Coalescing cirques at the heads of valley glaciers form "horns" and "arretes", creating spectacular rugged landscapes characteristic of the high Alps. Cwm is the Welsh term for the more commonly used cirque (French). Other similar terms: corrie (Scottish), nisch (Swedish, kar (German), and botn (Norwegian.

Isn't this the only English word without vowels? Shouldn't we note that on the page? --72.64.5.74 18:30, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

It isn't the only English word without vowels, for two main reasons:

1. Other words have no vowels, q.v. rhythm, spy, etc. 2. It isn't English. It's Welsh.

80.176.10.2 10:22, 13 April 2006 (UTC) Example 3: Crwth.24.249.134.246 03:10, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * 2. It seems to be used in English: see Western Cwm or the English plural cwms. --Moyogo 11:55, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I think that, for the purpose of this category, y might be considered as a vowel, because its use as a vowel is very common (unlike w)
 * the category is about the English word, not the Welsh word
 * the category should be defined more precisely: what about initialisms? If they are included, the category would be useless. Lmaltier 08:32, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

Pratchett's "Koom Valley"
Any value in mentioning or quoting Terry Pratchett's punning use of this term in his fictional "Koom Valley" placename? -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 22:48, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:cwm


text:
glad-handing

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who glad-hands.

title: glad-handing


text:
glad-hand

Verb

 * 1)  To be overly friendly with (a stranger) in order to gain an advantage.
 * 2) To extend a glad hand (to someone); to welcome warmly.
 * 1) To extend a glad hand (to someone); to welcome warmly.
 * 1) To extend a glad hand (to someone); to welcome warmly.

title: glad-hand


text:
glad hand

Noun

 * 1) A warm welcome offered to a guest by a host.
 * 2) A coupling device used on semi-trailer trucks for attaching air brake lines from the tractor to the trailer.
 * 1) A coupling device used on semi-trailer trucks for attaching air brake lines from the tractor to the trailer.
 * 1) A coupling device used on semi-trailer trucks for attaching air brake lines from the tractor to the trailer.

Related terms

 * (verb)

title: glad hand


text:
selected

Adjective

 * 1) That have been selected or chosen.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: escolleito, selecto
 * German: augewählt,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latin: optīvus
 * Malayalam: തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Slovak: vybraný, zvolený, selektovaný, vyselektovaný
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Urdu: منتخب

title: selected


text:
seeking

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who seeks; a search or quest to find something.

Adjective

 * 1)  That seeks something specified.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Russian:

title: seeking


text:
protected

Adjective

 * 1) defended
 * 2)  Having the protected access modifier, indicating that a program element is accessible to subclasses but not to the program in general.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:, , turvattu, ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: დაცული, დაფარული
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: beskyttet
 * Romanian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scots: pertectit
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: koruma altında,

 * French:
 * Spanish:

title: protected


text:
llys

Noun

 * 1)  court
 * 2) court; hall
 * 3)  the royal courts of the Welsh gwlads, a royal court

Noun

 * 1) slime, mucus

Etymology 3
From, likely influenced by 🇨🇬, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  plant

Usage notes
This is an older singular form of. Although rarely used as an independent word now, it is found in many contemporary plant names as part of compound words, similar to English.

title: llys


text:
lyrics

Noun

 * 1) The words to a song (or other vocal music).

Translations

 * Arabic: مَنْشُود, كَلِمَات, كَلِمَات أُغْنِيَة
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: sangtekst
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: laulusõnad, laulutekst
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: מִלִים לְשִׁיר
 * Hindi: लिरिक्रस, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: liricí
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: мәтін
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: текст
 * Malay:, seni kata
 * Marathi: गीत
 * Mongolian: дууны үг
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish: tekst piosenki, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , слова́ пе́сни, текст пе́сни,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: riječi pjesme, tekst pjesme
 * Slovene:, tekst
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: liriks, lirika
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish:, , menşud,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uyghur: ناخشا تېكىستى
 * Vietnamese:, lời bài hát

title: lyrics


text:
épousailles

Noun

 * 1)  nuptials; wedding celebration

title: épousailles


text:
tenir de

Verb

 * 1) to take after, act similarly to

Conjugation

 * see

title: tenir de


text:
surroundings

Noun

 * 1) The area surrounding someone or something, together with the objects and circumstances in the vicinity; the environment or ambiance.
 * 2)  All parts of the universe that are not within the thermodynamic system of interest.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Belarusian: навако́лле
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 周圍
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: omgivelse
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto: ĉirkaŭo, ĉirkaŭaĵo
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: contorna
 * Georgian: არემარე, მიდამო, გარემომცველი არე, შემოგარენი, გარემო
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Irish: urthimpeall, timpeallacht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: circumposita
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: omgivelser
 * Plautdietsch: Omjäajent
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, redondezas,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Slovak: okolie
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:, , , ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Yiddish: סבֿיבֿה

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:

 * Hebrew:

title: surroundings


text:
navel-gazing

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) Contemplation of one's navel as an aid to meditation.
 * 2)  Excessive focus on oneself; self-indulgent introspection.
 * 3)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  Excessive focus on oneself; self-indulgent introspection.
 * 2)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.
 * 1)  (Disproportionate) concentration on a single issue.

Translations

 * Danish: navlepilleri
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: omaan napaan tuijottaminen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: köldöknézés
 * Spanish: ombliguismo,
 * Swedish: navelskådning

title: navel-gazing


text:
hailstone

Etymology
From, , , , from , from , from , equivalent to 🇰🇲. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A single ball of hail, or solid precipitation

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: শিল বৰষুণ
 * Belarusian: гра́дзіна
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Cornish: keseren
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Dzongkha: སེརཝ
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, , , saragana, escarabán, gresillo, garaullo
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σφενδόνη
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: krušos gabalėlis
 * Maori: whatu
 * Norman: brîn d'grile
 * Nupe: tákùn Sòkó, tákùn yán ele
 * Polish: kulka gradu, gradzina, gradowina
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: clach-mheallain
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кру́па
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: krúpa
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: கல்மாரி
 * Taos: į̀ękǫ́na
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: dolu tanesi
 * Ukrainian: гради́на
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: ceseiren, cenllysgen
 * Yoruba: òkúta yìnyín

title: hailstone


text:
integrated

Adjective

 * 1) composed and coordinated to form a whole
 * 2)  characterized by racial integration

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Indonesian:, terintegrasi
 * Italian:
 * Malay: bersepadu
 * Maori: whakauruuru
 * Polish: zintegrowany
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:, ,

 * Bulgarian: без дискриминация
 * French:

title: integrated


text:
kisser

Etymology
Agent noun of kiss: from.

Noun

 * 1) One who kisses.
 * 2)  Mouth.
 * 3)  Face.
 * 4) The kissing gourami.
 * 5)  A button on a bowstring that indicates consistent height when drawing a bow, for example by being placed against the archer's mouth.
 * 1)  Face.
 * 2) The kissing gourami.
 * 3)  A button on a bowstring that indicates consistent height when drawing a bow, for example by being placed against the archer's mouth.
 * 1)  A button on a bowstring that indicates consistent height when drawing a bow, for example by being placed against the archer's mouth.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: soener
 * Finnish: suutelija
 * German:
 * Italian: baciatore
 * Latin: bāsiātor
 * Portuguese: ,

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to smash, to shatter, to crush
 * 2) to train (someone) intensively

title: kisser


text:
drikkelek

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a drinking game

title: drikkelek


text:
Bruxelles

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
Of origin, composed from.

Etymology
.

title: Bruxelles


text:
histoire

Etymology
From, from (ca. 1100), borrowed from , itself from.

Noun

 * 1) story
 * 2) history
 * 3)  lie, fantasy, invention
 * 4) misadventure

title: histoire


text:
consommateur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) consumer
 * 2) customer

title: consommateur


text:
réaliser

Etymology
From +, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to direct (a movie)
 * 2) to fulfill (a dream)
 * 3) to perform (activities, task)
 * 4) to finish making
 * 5) to carry out, make
 * 6) to realise/realize to make real
 * 7) to realise/realize to become aware of

title: réaliser


text:
tirer

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to draw, drag, pull
 * 2) to shoot
 * 3) to draw (conclusions), to consider (consequences)
 * 4) to leave a place
 * 5) to set free, to deliver

Etymology
From, from. Compare the semantic development of <, according to the physical action that accompanies milking.

Verb

 * 1)  to milk

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pull

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to pull

title: tirer


text:
hypergamy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status or caste status than oneself.

Synonyms

 * marrying up

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: hypergami
 * Dutch: hypergamie
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: hipergamia
 * German: Hypergamie, Hinaufheiraten
 * Hindi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hypergami
 * Nynorsk: hypergami
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: hipergamia
 * Russian: гипергамия
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: hypergami

title: hypergamy


text:
User:Liberty Miller~enwiktionary

Wikipedia: Liberty  Miller ;-)

Wikitionary: liberty. miller

 * Wikipedia Contributions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Liberty_Miller

Sorry, did you say something?

Recommended: http://lyberty.com/dict/

title: User:Liberty Miller~enwiktionary


text:
User:Spacebirdy/monobook.js

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title: User:Spacebirdy/monobook.js


text:
gezegde

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) saying, proverb
 * 2)  predicate
 * 1)  predicate
 * 1)  predicate
 * 1)  predicate

Usage notes
Schools nowadays teach a simplified Dutch syntax, in which gezegde does not merely refer to the predicate, but to essentially everything that is not either subject or the conjugated verb.

title: gezegde


text:
propulsion

Etymology
Borrowed from, from the past participle of.

Noun

 * 1) The process of propelling, driving, or pushing, typically forward or onward; a propulsive force or impulse.
 * 2) That which propels.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: propulsió
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, propulsio
 * French:
 * Galician: propulsión
 * Georgian: წინსვლა
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 推力
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, пропу́льсия
 * Scottish Gaelic: sparradh
 * Sindhi:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
, from.

title: propulsion


text:
man-at-arms

Noun

 * 1)  A heavily-armed mounted member of medieval cavalry.

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: uomini d'arme, soldati di ventura
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: homem de armas
 * Spanish: hombre de armas

title: man-at-arms


text:
intolerable

Etymology
From, from. .

Adjective

 * 1) Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured.
 * 2) Extremely offensive or insulting.
 * 3)  Extremely worn and degraded, to the point of being unsafe.
 * 1)  Extremely worn and degraded, to the point of being unsafe.
 * 1)  Extremely worn and degraded, to the point of being unsafe.

Collocations

 * intolerable cruelty
 * intolerable burden
 * intolerable situation
 * intolerable condition
 * intolerable pain
 * intolerable heat
 * intolerable position
 * intolerable life
 * intolerable state
 * intolerable suffering
 * intolerable evil
 * intolerable risk
 * intolerable insult
 * intolerable hardship
 * intolerable agony
 * intolerable behavior
 * intolerable affront
 * intolerable insolence
 * intolerable stress
 * intolerable consequence
 * intolerable people
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable
 * intolerable

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: dözülməz
 * Belarusian: нязно́сны, невыно́сны, нясце́рпны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 难以忍受的,難以忍受的
 * Esperanto: netolerebla
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀφόρητος
 * Icelandic: óþolandi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Thai: เหลืออด,, สุดจะทน
 * Tocharian B: ekalätte
 * Ukrainian: незно́сний, несте́рпний
 * Urdu: ناقابِلِ بَرْداشْت

 * Azerbaijani: dözülməz
 * Spanish:

 * Romanian:, netolerabil

Etymology
..

Etymology
From. .

title: intolerable


text: opinions

title: opinions


text:
gedachte

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) thought, idea

title: gedachte


text:
idee

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from , from , from , related to French.

Noun

 * 1) idea

Noun

 * 1)  idea, notion

Usage notes
This word is normally considered to be a neuter noun (het idee), but it can be considered feminine (de idee) for a philosophical or abstract idea.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) idea
 * 2) concept

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) idea

Etymology
,, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) idea

title: idee