text:
天

Descendants

 * ( character derived from )
 * ( character derived from )

Glyph origin
A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms. Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.

Original meaning of the word is “sky”. Such concept is difficult to depict with a pictogram, hence the current form. Perhaps influenced by the glyph, the character was frequently glossed in Old Chinese documents with, and such had led to incorrect hypotheses which regarded as a derivation of  or , “top (of the head/hill)”.

Etymology
This character was previously reconstructed to have a -initial in Old Chinese, but this hypothesis has been largely discounted in recent reconstructions, in light of evidence from early Chinese accounts of dialectal pronunciations, transcription of other languages, as well as cognate/derived characters within Chinese, which has all pointed to a voiceless resonant initial in Old Chinese. According to chapter 1 of , by c. 200, this initial had already produced dialectal variation in the pronunciation: People in central-western China pronounced it with the back of the tongue, like , while people in eastern China pronounced it with the tip of the tongue, like. An old northwestern dialect variant survives as, and the word was used to transcribe Old Persian *Hind-uka ("India").

Further etymology is unknown. During the time when this term was reconstructed with a initial, it was frequently compared with , the name for God in early Turkic and Mongolic peoples' languages. This now appears unlikely. The only certain external cognate is the 🇨🇬 (a language closely related to Chinese) word. proposes cognation with and, transcriptions of a Xiongnu word for "sky", which he also relates to.

Definitions

 * 1) sky; heavens; heavenly; celestial
 * 2)  heaven as the abode of the gods or the blessed departed; heavenly
 * 3)  Heaven as an impersonal deity;
 * 4) top; overhead
 * 5) weather; climate
 * 6) day (24 hours)
 * 7) day (as opposed to night)
 * 8) period of time in a day
 * 9) season
 * 10) nature
 * 11) natural; innate
 * 1) top; overhead
 * 2) weather; climate
 * 3) day (24 hours)
 * 4) day (as opposed to night)
 * 5) period of time in a day
 * 6) season
 * 7) nature
 * 8) natural; innate
 * 1) day (as opposed to night)
 * 2) period of time in a day
 * 3) season
 * 4) nature
 * 5) natural; innate
 * 1) period of time in a day
 * 2) season
 * 3) nature
 * 4) natural; innate
 * 1) nature
 * 2) natural; innate
 * 1) nature
 * 2) natural; innate
 * 1) natural; innate

Kanji

 * 1) heavens, sky

Etymology 1
From. A bound form only appearing in compounds. Compare the formation of and,  and.

Noun

 * 1)  the sky, the heavens
 * 2) the area above a kitchen stove:
 * 3) where the smoke collects in an old kitchen using a wood-burning stove
 * 4) a shelf or shelves above the stove
 * 5)  heaven

Etymology 2
→ * →

From as a sound shift from ama above. Compare, , etc. Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  the sky, the heavens
 * 2)  heaven
 * 3)  the roof of a palace

Etymology 3
From. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading tiān.

Noun

 * 1) the sky, the heavens
 * 2) heaven
 * 3)  a deva or devi
 * 4)  the gods, providence, fate
 * 5)  the top margin
 * 1)  the gods, providence, fate
 * 2)  the top margin
 * 1)  the gods, providence, fate
 * 2)  the top margin
 * 1)  the top margin
 * 1)  the top margin

Affix

 * 1) the sky, the heavens
 * 2) heaven

Etymology
From.

title: 天


text:
太

Descendants

 * た

Glyph origin
– excessive.

Etymology 1
A superlative derivative of – be too great, very great, excessive.

Definitions

 * 1) too; so modifying adjectives; often used with at the end of the sentence for emphasis
 * 2)  very; quite
 * 3) most; utmost
 * 4) highest; greatest
 * 5) senior; noble
 * 1) most; utmost
 * 2) highest; greatest
 * 3) senior; noble
 * 1) senior; noble

Etymology 2
See 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  soybean

Kanji

 * 1)  fat

Compounds

 * : jelly; prostate orgasm

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) fatness
 * 2) a fat person, a fatty
 * 3) fat-necked shamisen
 * 4) thick thread

Derived terms

 * , : Sakhalin

Prefix

 * 1) added to words describing gods or the emperor or other exalted subjects to denote greatness or excellence
 * 2) * ; text here
 * 奈加等美乃 敷刀能里⟨等其⟩等 伊比波良倍 安⟨賀⟩布伊能知毛 多我多米尓奈礼
 * 中臣の 太祝詞言 言ひ祓へ 贖ふ命も 誰がために汝れ
 * なかとみの ふとのりとごと いひはらへ あかふいのちも たがためになれ
 * Nakatomi no / futonoritogoto / iiharae / akau inochi mo / ta ga tame ni nare
 * Reciting the Nakatomi's excellent ritual offering, whose [long] life was prayed for? Yours.
 * 1) added to regular nouns to denote fatness or thickness

Etymology 2
The  of adjective.

Etymology 3
Derived from the root word.

Etymology 4
From. Compare modern 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) big, fat, great

Usage notes

 * Only found in compounds.

Etymology 5
From a colloquial form of 太 in Middle Chinese. Compare the similar corruption in Mandarin.

Prefix

 * 1) big, fat, great

Usage notes
Only found in compounds.

Etymology 1
From. The "pollock" sense is supposedly from the surname, after a fisherman.

Etymology 2
A Korean graphic abbreviation of 🇨🇬, perhaps attested as early as the eighth century.

Presumably, it was originally used as a logogram for the native Korean word, without a Sino-Korean reading of its own. At some point—perhaps after the logogramic representation of native Korean words declined following the invention of the hangul alphabet in the 1400s—it became conflated with the visually identical character and now shares its Sino-Korean reading,.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 太


text:
夫

Glyph origin
– a man with a hairpin in his hair.

In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Etymology 1
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Possibly related to.

Definitions

 * 1) male adult; man
 * 2) husband
 * 3) manual worker
 * 4) conscripted laborer
 * 1) manual worker
 * 2) conscripted laborer
 * 1) manual worker
 * 2) conscripted laborer
 * 1) conscripted laborer
 * 1) conscripted laborer

Etymology 2
“That”. connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), 🇨🇬. Maybe related to. relates the introductory particle sense with.

In the sense "is it not?", probably a of  and  (, p. 145).

Etymology 4
Short for.

Definitions

 * 1)  full house

Kanji

 * 1) man
 * 2) husband
 * 3) that, those

Etymology 1
Shift from older unattested, synchronically analyzable as a compound of.

Ultimately from, with many Ryukyuan cognates.

First attested in roughly 1220.

Noun

 * 1)  husband

Etymology 2
From. First attested in the  of 712.

Cognate with, from the sense of "person by one's side".

Generally spelled in reference to a  and  in reference to a.

Noun

 * 1)  spouse, consort

Usage notes
In modern usage, the term tsuma is usually reserved for the sense, and is therefore spelled in kanji, while  is usually expressed using the term.

Etymology
From.

title: 夫


text:
夬

Han character

 * 1) parted
 * 2) fork
 * 3) certain
 * 4) 43rd hexagram of the I Ching

Glyph origin
— a hand wearing an archer's thumb ring.

Definitions

 * 1) resolute
 * 2) 43rd hexagram of the I Ching

title: 夬


text:
夭

Glyph origin
– a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young.

Etymology
(apud ) considers it cognate to 🇨🇬,, ; if so, probably of origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B. Compare also 🇨🇬 (ibid.).

Possibly related to (e.g. in  ) (ibid.).

Definitions

 * 1) to die young, to die prematurely
 * 2) to be aggrieved
 * 3) to devastate
 * 4) disaster

Definitions

 * 1) young, fresh-looking
 * 2) tender, gentle
 * 3) lush

Definitions

 * 1) young animal or plant

Definitions

 * 1) name of an ancient place

Kanji

 * 1) young
 * 2) disaster

title: 夭


text:
央

Glyph origin
- a man carrying a pole with its middle on his shoulder.

Etymology
plus terminative suffix *-ŋ, hence literally "to get to be in the middle". See for further etymology.

Definitions

 * 1) center; middle
 * 2) to end; to finish
 * 3) to beg; to plead; to implore
 * 4)  calamity; disaster

Etymology
From.

Affix

 * 1) centre, middle

Proper noun

title: 央


text:
夯

Glyph origin
Compound of.

Definitions

 * 1) to carry on the shoulder (forcefully)
 * 2) rammer
 * 3) to ram
 * 4) to strike forcefully

title: 夯


text:
夰

Definitions

 * 1) To release (Xu Shen sees 大, "man", and 八, "divide")

title: 夰


text:
失

Derived characters

 * 秩 帙
 * 鉄 铁

Glyph origin
– something (丿) falling from a hand (手).

Alternatively, a depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood.

Etymology
Cognate with,.

Probably ; compare Cogtse 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Note also 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
 * 2) to fail; to not succeed
 * 3) to breach; to violate
 * 4) to neglect; to miss
 * 5) mistake; fault; wrongdoing
 * 6) 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

Kanji

 * 1) mistake, disadvantage
 * 2) loss, lose

Verb

 * 1) to lose something
 * 2) to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
 * 3) to miss
 * 1) to miss

title: 失


text:
夲

Definitions

 * 1)  to advance quickly

title: 夲


text: 夳

title: 夳


text:
头

Derived characters

 * ( from )
 * ( from )
 * ( from )
 * ( from )

Related characters

 * ( of 头)

Glyph origin
from its cursive form, with into  and  into.

title: 头


text:
夵

Definitions

 * 1) small

title: 夵


text: 夶

title: 夶


text:
夷

Glyph origin
Originally. Later forms.

Etymology
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), is also the  word for "sea" (1). Therefore, proposes an  origin; compare 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar forms like 🇨🇬 (< 🇨🇬) to  "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.

In contrast, Ferlus (2009) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from *k-ri: "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".

Meanwhile, (2008) instead suggested that the Yi languages were ancestral to  and formed a sister-group to, probably related to 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) an ancient tribe in eastern China
 * 2) barbarian; foreigners
 * 3) to level; to raze
 * 4) flat; level; smooth
 * 5) to eradicate; to obliterate
 * 6) someone of the same generation
 * 7) happy; joyous
 * 8) 23rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ease"
 * 1) 23rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ease"

Kanji

 * 1) ancient tribes in eastern China
 * 2) level
 * 3) levelled destruction

Etymology 1
→ * → →

Shift from, modern Ezo.

Noun

 * : an ancient ethnic group attested in the  that once lived on what is now the, and , likely as far as , possibly related to the ; dubbed "barbarians" or "savages" by the Yamato.
 * 1) a person living far away from the, loosely translated to "bumpkin" or "hick"
 * 2)  a barbarian, savage, especially referring to the
 * 3) * 1204,  (book 1, poem 223)
 * 4)  a foreigner
 * 1)  a foreigner
 * 1)  a foreigner

Proper noun

 * , a Shinto god
 * , a Shinto god

Etymology 2
→

From, originally referred to one of the ancient tribes east of China.

Noun

 * 1) those people with differing languages and/or cultures
 * 2) a barbarian, savage; uncivilized people
 * 3) a neutral
 * 1) a neutral
 * 1) a neutral

Etymology
From.

title: 夷


text:
夸

Derived characters

 * 咵 袴 誇

Definitions

 * 1) extravagant; luxurious; handsome

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful

Kanji

 * 1) boast

title: 夸


text: 夹

title: 夹


text: 夺

title: 夺


text:
夻

Han character

 * 1) name of fish (cod)

Hanja

 * 1) a cod

title: 夻


text:
夼

Definitions

 * 1)  low area; depression

title: 夼


text: 夽

title: 夽


text:
夾

Derived characters

 * 俠 (侠), 挾 (挟), 頰 (頬, 颊), 狹 (狭), 莢 (荚), 陜 (陕), 㛍 (𮰿), 浹 (浃), 唊 (𰇕), 䩡, 䀹 (𥅴), 翜 (𰭢), 梜 (𬂩), 郟 (郏), 㤲 (𫺁), 匧, 綊, 蛺 (蛱), 㽠, 䵌, 鋏 (𨦇, 铗), 㾜, 𠩘, 𤲍

Glyph origin
– one person holding two other people  under his arm, or two people  sandwiching a person.

Definitions

 * 1) to squeeze between; to pinch; to clamp; to hold between
 * 2) to carry under one's arm
 * 3) to place in between; to be located between; to be wedged between
 * 4) on or from both sides
 * 5)  to support; to assist
 * 6) to mix; to intermingle; to intersperse
 * 7) clip; clamp
 * 8) folder; wallet
 * 9)  torture device used to squeeze the ankles
 * 10)  wharf by a river
 * 11)  to remove; to take away
 * 12)  intersection of
 * 1)  to remove; to take away
 * 2)  intersection of
 * 1)  intersection of

Definitions

 * 1) double-layered; lined

Etymology 3
From. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. For sound development, compare modern 🇨🇬, from.

Definitions

 * 1)  also; and
 * 2)  well-matched; matching; harmonious
 * 3)  to match; to fit
 * 4)  to coordinate
 * 5)  to share
 * 6)  to contribute; to chip in
 * 1)  to share
 * 2)  to contribute; to chip in
 * 1)  to share
 * 2)  to contribute; to chip in
 * 1)  to contribute; to chip in
 * 1)  to contribute; to chip in

Definitions

 * 1)  to clamp; to pinch
 * 2)  to clamp with a chela
 * 3)  clamp-like tool used to pick up things
 * 1)  clamp-like tool used to pick up things
 * 1)  clamp-like tool used to pick up things

Definitions

 * 1)  to perambulate; to inspect on foot

Kanji

 * 1) insert between
 * 2) cramped
 * 1) cramped

Usage notes

 * Only used as a component form of // which has been to //.
 * This character is not simplified to in Japanese.

title: 夾


text:
夿

Definitions

 * 1)  big
 * 1)  big

title: 夿


text:
奀

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  skinny; thin; meagre
 * 2)  tiny; little; scanty; meagre

Definitions

 * 1)  small

title: 奀


text:
奁

Related characters

 * ( of  奁 )

Glyph origin
.

title: 奁


text:
奂

Derived characters

 * 唤 娩 㡈 换 涣 㪱 㬇 焕 䅋 痪

title: 奂


text: 奃

title: 奃


text:
奄

Glyph origin
– to cover.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cover; to surround; to include
 * 2)  suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily

Definitions

 * 1)  feeble

Kanji

 * 1) cover
 * 2) suffocate
 * 3) obstruct

title: 奄


text:
奅

Definitions

 * 1) empty and big
 * 2)  to boast

Definitions

 * 1)  fashionable; dapper; chic

Definitions

 * 1)  to pick up; to get off with (a girl); to flirt with

title: 奅


text: 奆

title: 奆


text:
奇

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) strange; odd; weird; unusual
 * 2) wonderful; fantastic; remarkable
 * 1) wonderful; fantastic; remarkable
 * 1) wonderful; fantastic; remarkable

Definitions

 * 1)  unsmooth; disadvantageous
 * 2)  surplus
 * 3)  odd

Kanji

 * 1) strange

Readings
From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From native roots:

Compounds

 * : odd number
 * , : miracle
 * : odd number
 * , : miracle
 * : odd number
 * , : miracle
 * : odd number
 * , : miracle
 * : odd number
 * , : miracle

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) strange

Noun

 * 1) strangeness

title: 奇


text:
奈

Derived characters

 * 倷 㖠 捺 㮈 㴎 錼 䱞 萘 𡞏 𪨼 𭝎 𭦛 𪻦 𥇧 𮁿 𦝀 𮚎 𮛢 𩈫 𩜪 𣮦 𬷝 𪥑 𠣼 𫆕 𤷈 𦤗 𮂃 𭝍

Descendants

 * な
 * ナ

Glyph origin
A variant of.

Etymology

 * “how; why”
 * Possibly a of  and, as in  (, p. 34).

 * “nano-”
 * Borrowed from.

Definitions

 * 1) how; why (used in rhetorical questions)
 * 2) to bear; to stand; to endure
 * 3)   nano- SI unit prefix

Kanji

 * : the city of Nara
 * 1) what
 * 2)  apple tree

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 奈


text:
奉

Alternative forms
See the article for 𡗗.

Glyph origin
Originally. was later added at the bottom, and the original character was corrupted into.

Definitions

 * 1) to offer (tribute)
 * 2) to receive
 * 3) to serve
 * 4) to respect
 * 5)   the Middle Chinese initial of

Kanji

 * 1) to offer; to present

title: 奉


text:
奊

Derived characters

 * 䜁 𪃤

Definitions

 * 1)  torticollic; (head) askew

title: 奊


text: 奋

title: 奋


text:
奌

Han character

 * 1) dot, speck, spot
 * 2) point, degree

Glyph origin
Variant of.

Current form is.

Usage notes
Ryakuji form.

title: 奌


text:
奍

Definitions

 * 1) meal

Definitions

 * 1) to roll rice balls

title: 奍


text:
奎

Derived characters

 * 喹 㛻 㨒 楏 煃 睳 蝰 䠑 鍷 㥣 𪶙 𤧊 𭦭 𪑭 𠝥 𡙔

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) the stride of a person
 * 2) Legs, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions

Hanja

 * star

title: 奎


text:
奏

Glyph origin

 * two hands holding an object, with various proposed interpretations.

Definitions

 * 1)  to offer as tribute; to present with respect; to offer up; to dedicate to
 * 2)  to present a memorial to an emperor
 * 3)  to achieve; to gain; to obtain
 * 4)  to play a musical instrument; to give an instrumental performance
 * 5)  report; memorial
 * 6)  beat; meter; rhythm
 * : Zou

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) play music

Compounds

 * : musical performance
 * : success
 * : efficacy
 * : report to the emperor
 * : sonata
 * : reporting to the emperor
 * : musical performance
 * : musical accompaniment

title: 奏


text:
奐

Han character

 * 1) be numerous
 * 2) brilliant

Glyph origin
. Alternatively a pair of hands opening a yurt door to let in sunlight, hence brilliant. Originally used to represent.

Definitions

 * 1) numerous

Kanji

 * 1) clear
 * 2) bright

Hanja

 * 1) be numerous, brilliant

title: 奐


text:
契

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Exopassive of : "what has been cut".

Definitions

 * 1) contract; deed
 * 2) to agree; to conform with; to tally with
 * 3)  to carve; to engrave
 * 4)  carved writing; engraved writing
 * 5)  adopted; adoptive; foster

Kanji

 * 1) pledge (allegiance)
 * 2) commit oneself
 * 3) promise (loyalty)

Readings
From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From native roots:

Compounds

 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement
 * : contract, agreement

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology 4
From.

title: 契


text:
奒

Definitions

 * 1)  big; large

title: 奒


text:
奓

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to open; to spread; to splay

Kanji

 * 1) extravagant

Hanja

 * 1) open

title: 奓


text:
奔

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to run fast; to rush about
 * 2) to flee; to escape
 * 3) to marry without the preliminary formalities
 * 4) rapid; hurried; hasty
 * 5)  to run

Definitions

 * 1) to go straight to; to head for; to head towards
 * 2) to spare no effort; to strive
 * 3)  to be getting on for

Kanji

 * 1) bustle

Etymology
From.

title: 奔


text:
奕

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  great; grand
 * 2)  beautiful
 * 3)  skilled; adept
 * 4)  bright
 * 5)   many; one after another

Definitions

 * 1)  to play cards, lottery, chess, etc.
 * 2)  to start; to begin in an activity

title: 奕


text:
奖

Han character

 * 1) prize, reward
 * 2) give award to

title: 奖


text:
套

Glyph origin
– long. It is later borrowed for the “cover” sense and has now lost its original meaning.

Etymology 1
Cognate with ; probably cognate with and.

Definitions

 * 1) to cover with; to encase; to put on (a sweater, etc.)
 * 2) case; cover; sheath; wrapper; envelope
 * 3)  condom
 * 4) to overlap; to interconnect
 * 5) set; suit
 * 6) knot
 * 7) to harness
 * 8) harness
 * 9) trick; trap

Definitions

 * 1)  long

Etymology
From.

title: 套


text:
奘

Han character

 * 1) large
 * 2) powerful
 * 3) stout, thick

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) fat, stout
 * 2) great, huge

title: 奘


text: 奙

title: 奙


text:
奚

Etymology
Cognate with. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1)  where? what? how? why?
 * 2)  servant
 * 3) the  (Kumo Xi) people
 * 1)  servant
 * 2) the  (Kumo Xi) people
 * 1) the  (Kumo Xi) people

Kanji

 * 1) servant
 * 2) what
 * 3) why

title: 奚


text:
奛

Han character

 * 1) opening
 * 2) radiant

title: 奛


text:
奜

Han character

 * 1) big

title: 奜


text:
奝

Han character

 * 1) large

title: 奝


text:
奞

Han character

 * 1) the stride made by a person

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) Spread wings (when a bird is going to fly)

title: 奞


text: 奟

title: 奟


text:
奠

Glyph origin
Oracle bone script: – an alcohol vessel  placed on a mat.

In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. later evolved into by process of libian.

Definitions

 * 1) to set; to lay; to place down
 * 2) to make offerings to the dead; to libate
 * 3) to establish
 * 1) to establish

Definitions

 * 1) fake
 * 1) fake

Usage notes
Usage seen in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions.

Kanji

 * 1) to make offerings
 * 2) to establish

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 奠


text:
奡

Definitions

 * 1)  strong; vigorous
 * 1)  strong; vigorous

title: 奡


text:
奢

Han character

 * 1) extravagant, wasteful
 * 2) exaggerate

Definitions

 * 1) extravagant; lavish; wasteful
 * 2) excessive
 * 3)  to smile; to laugh

title: 奢


text:
奣

Definitions

 * 1)  clear and cloudless

title: 奣


text: 奤

title: 奤


text:
奥

Etymology
Despite the apparent overlap with the modern goon reading of oku that is derived from 🇨🇬, this term is actually rooted in, appearing in the  collection of poetry dating to roughly 759 CE. Cognate with, originally in reference to “somewhere far removed, possibly out of sight”. While oki came to mean “far removed in the wide open → far off shore”, oku instead came to mean “far removed inside → inside, interior”.

Noun

 * 1) inside; inner depths
 * 2) back, rear
 * 3) inside the house
 * 4) one's heart, true feelings
 * 1) inside the house
 * 2) one's heart, true feelings

Derived terms

 * : to have a deep recess, to be deeply recessed, to have a deep interior

title: 奥


text: 奦

title: 奦


text:
奧

Glyph origin
 interprets it as a, but is not widely accepted.

Definitions

 * 1)  southwest corner of a room
 * 2)  depths of a room
 * 3)  secluded; deep and hidden away
 * 4)  profound; esoteric; obscure
 * 1)  secluded; deep and hidden away
 * 2)  profound; esoteric; obscure
 * 1)  profound; esoteric; obscure

Definitions

 * 1)  turbid

Kanji

 * 1) heart
 * 2) interior

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From  /.

title: 奧


text:
奨

Han character

 * 1) prize, reward
 * 2) give award to

Glyph origin
in Japanese shinjitai.

in current form.

Kanji

 * 1) exhort
 * 2) praise

title: 奨


text:
奩

Definitions

 * 1) dowry
 * 2) bridal trousseau
 * 3) box for women's cosmetics or garments

title: 奩


text:
奪

Descendants

 * (in )

Glyph origin
– a hand seizing a bird from someone.

Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with and.

Definitions

 * 1)  to lose
 * 2) to seize; to take by force
 * 3) to compete for and obtain
 * 4) to prevail over
 * 5) to deprive; to cause to lose
 * 6)  to decide
 * 1) to deprive; to cause to lose
 * 2)  to decide
 * 1)  to decide
 * 1)  to decide

Definitions

 * 1)  name of an ancient place

Kanji

 * 1) to rob; to snatch

title: 奪


text:
奫

Han character

 * 1) deep and broad (expanse of water)
 * 2) abyss

title: 奫


text: 奬

title: 奬


text:
奭

Definitions

 * 1) magnificent; grand; splendid
 * 2) red
 * 3) to get angry; to be indignant; to become furious
 * 4)  to dissipate; to vanish
 * : Shi

Synonyms

title: 奭


text:
奮

Glyph origin
– bird spreading its wings to fly.

Etymology
Related to and.

Definitions

 * 1)  to spread and flutter the wings
 * 2) to shake; to vibrate
 * 3) to wield; to wave
 * 4) to dash ahead; to put to good use
 * 5) to strive; to exert effort
 * 6) to arouse; to stimulate

Kanji

 * 1) agitation
 * 2) rouse

Etymology
From.

title: 奮


text: 奯

title: 奯


text:
奰

Definitions

 * 1)  anger
 * 2)  big and tall
 * 3)  pressing; forcing

title: 奰


text:
奱

Han character

 * 1) to bind, binding

title: 奱


text:
奲

Definitions

 * 1)  rich; abundant

Definitions

 * 1)  spacious; wide

title: 奲


text:
女

Derived characters

 * Appendix:Chinese radical/女, 奻, 㚣, 姦

Glyph origin

 * a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to, which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts. Compare.

Etymology 1
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1.

Definitions

 * 1) woman;  female
 * 2) daughter
 * 3)  girl; young female
 * 4)  girlfriend
 * 5)  queen
 * 6)  the Girl a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle
 * 1) daughter
 * 2)  girl; young female
 * 3)  girlfriend
 * 4)  queen
 * 5)  the Girl a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle
 * 1)  girl; young female
 * 2)  girlfriend
 * 3)  queen
 * 4)  the Girl a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle
 * 1)  queen
 * 2)  the Girl a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle
 * 1)  the Girl a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle

Definitions

 * 1)  to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife

Kanji

 * 1) woman
 * 2) daughter

Etymology 1
→ * → →  →

Shift from womina → omina. See the entry for further details.

Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".

Noun

 * 1) a female person
 * 2)  a woman, an adult female
 * 3) a wife
 * 4) a mistress, concubine
 * 5) a maid
 * 6) a prostitute
 * 7) a woman's appearance or quality
 * 8) a feminine object
 * 9) the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
 * 10)  girlfriend
 * 1) a prostitute
 * 2) a woman's appearance or quality
 * 3) a feminine object
 * 4) the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
 * 5)  girlfriend
 * 1)  girlfriend

Etymology 2
→ * →

From.

The initial expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with  "grown, old" (as in ), while the medial  is cognate with. According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic became Old Japanese  in final position and  elsewhere; analogous with PJ, which became OJ  in final position and  elsewhere (though PJ  and  also existed, compare  's two readings  &  in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).

Noun

 * 1)  a young woman
 * 2)  a woman

Etymology 3
→ * →

From, from.

Appears to be distinct from.

Noun

 * 1) a woman
 * 2) a wife
 * 3) * c. 890,  (page 3)
 * 4) a female
 * 1) * c. 890,  (page 3)
 * 2) a female
 * 1) a female
 * 1) a female
 * 1) a female

Usage notes

 * Used more in compounds than on its own.

Etymology 4
→ * → →  →  →

Variant shift from womina → omina (see above).

Noun

 * 1)  a young woman

Etymology 5
→ →

Shift from onna (see above).

Noun

 * 1)  a young woman

Etymology 6
→ →

Long-pronounced form of ona (see above).

Noun

 * 1)  a young woman

Etymology 7
→

From.

Noun

 * 1) a woman, especially an actress or a prostitute

Proper noun

 * 1)  the  constellation, one of the

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From  /.

title: 女


text:
奴

Descendants

 * ぬ
 * ヌ

Glyph origin
– a hand capturing and ordering a woman around. may also be phonetic.

Some oracle bone script forms (not depicted above) are, showing a person (probably a woman) with hands crossed at the back, as opposed to which depicts a woman clasping her hands in front of the body.

Etymology
.
 * Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬 & Awa-🇨🇬 ;
 * Ferlus (1999) relates this to, which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. which is possibly from ).
 * groups as well as, , & , in a word-family with the basic meaning "tense", hence 's meaning "press into service".

Definitions

 * 1) slave; servant
 * 2)  I
 * 3)  a person associated with a particular identity or trait
 * 4) to enslave
 * 1) to enslave

Kanji

 * 1) a thing, an object; (derogatory, familiar) a person

Han character

 * 1)  he, she, it

Usage notes

 * Chữ Nôm.
 * This is the common form of this character. The regular form is 伮.
 * The term is de facto used to refer to any animal (including the human) in the third person, in a disrespectful manner. The use of the term to translate the English it, or to refer to an inanimate object, is rather artificial, and mostly found in awkward (but common) translation of other languages.

title: 奴


text:
奵

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 奵


text:
奶

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
.

Similar words in the area include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬. It may be comparable with 🇨🇬, whence 🇨🇬,.

It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare.

Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: 🇨🇬 [Meixian] nɛn5, 🇨🇬 [Guangzhou] nin1. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is ; see there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) breast
 * 2) milk; breast milk
 * 3) to nurse
 * 4) to breastfeed; to suckle
 * 5)  infant; infantile; milk
 * 6)  mother
 * 7)  grandmother
 * 1) to breastfeed; to suckle
 * 2)  infant; infantile; milk
 * 3)  mother
 * 4)  grandmother
 * 1)  mother
 * 2)  grandmother

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1)  to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle

title: 奶


text:
奷

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 奷


text:
奸

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on;

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) wicked

Noun

 * 1) evil, wickedness
 * Antonyms:
 * 1) wicked person

title: 奸


text:
她

Glyph origin
.

Originally a variant of. Later repurposed as a feminine third-person pronoun influenced by European languages, with the glyph being the result of replacing the radical in  with. Linguist is credited with coining this use around the 1910s, in turn replacing a precursor form of undefined in print.

Definitions

 * 1) she, her

Usage notes

 * Occasionally, may be used for both genders.

title: 她


text:
奺

Definitions

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name
 * 2) a widow who preserves her chastity after the death of her husband

title: 奺


text:
奻

Han character

 * 1) quarrel, dispute
 * 2) stupid, doltish, foolish

Definitions

 * 1) quarrel, dispute

title: 奻


text:
奼

Han character

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) colorful
 * 3) girl

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful; gorgeous; enchanting
 * 2)  young girl

title: 奼


text:
好

Glyph origin
.

The widely accepted meaning of this character is that the characters for  and   were put together to form a compound because it was good for a woman to have a child. Similarly, it has been proposed that the compound originally refers to the mutual affection between the mother and child, which then extended to mean. These theories are supported by the smaller found in some oracle bones and bronze inscriptions.

However, broader interpretations of the second character could lead to other theories. could also mean, so it may have meant two children, a boy and a girl next to each other, which is a good fortune to have a boy and a girl. could also mean, so it may have referred to the love between a man and a woman, which is good. , in his annotated version of , interpreted it as originally referring to the beauty of woman. Lastly, it could mean that the of a girl was considered good.

Etymology
The two pronunciations are cognate – pronunciation 2 is the *-s suffixed form, or exoactive/putative of pronunciation 1, literally. Compare >.

This word has been compared with : 🇨🇬, Abor-Miri (🇨🇬), Mawo 🇨🇬, which is only attested in a limited number of languages. If this is correct, it may be related to. Alternatively, compare 🇨🇬.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, which may be a loanword from Chinese.

Definitions

 * 1) good; well
 * 2) good; very well; nice
 * 3) OK; alright
 * 4) fine
 * 5) friendly; close; acquainted
 * 6)  to start dating; to become romantic partners
 * 7) done; ready
 * 8) to be good to; easy to
 * 9) (making it) convenient; easy for
 * 10) to recover from an illness
 * 11) very; quite; rather; so
 * 12) a pleasure to (do something); good for (doing something)
 * 13)  properly; carefully
 * 14) greeting
 * 15) such; what
 * 16)  can
 * 17)  should
 * 18)  how
 * 19)  cleared
 * 1) to be good to; easy to
 * 2) (making it) convenient; easy for
 * 3) to recover from an illness
 * 4) very; quite; rather; so
 * 5) a pleasure to (do something); good for (doing something)
 * 6)  properly; carefully
 * 7) greeting
 * 8) such; what
 * 9)  can
 * 10)  should
 * 11)  how
 * 12)  cleared
 * 1) a pleasure to (do something); good for (doing something)
 * 2)  properly; carefully
 * 3) greeting
 * 4) such; what
 * 5)  can
 * 6)  should
 * 7)  how
 * 8)  cleared
 * 1)  properly; carefully
 * 2) greeting
 * 3) such; what
 * 4)  can
 * 5)  should
 * 6)  how
 * 7)  cleared
 * 1) greeting
 * 2) such; what
 * 3)  can
 * 4)  should
 * 5)  how
 * 6)  cleared
 * 1) such; what
 * 2)  can
 * 3)  should
 * 4)  how
 * 5)  cleared
 * 1) such; what
 * 2)  can
 * 3)  should
 * 4)  how
 * 5)  cleared
 * 1)  should
 * 2)  how
 * 3)  cleared
 * 1)  how
 * 2)  cleared
 * 1)  cleared

Descendants
Others:

Definitions

 * 1) to be fond of; to like
 * 2) to have a tendency to; to be prone to; good to; easy to
 * 3)  can; to be able to
 * 1) to have a tendency to; to be prone to; good to; easy to
 * 2)  can; to be able to
 * 1) to have a tendency to; to be prone to; good to; easy to
 * 2)  can; to be able to

Kanji

 * 1) fondness; what one likes

Hanja

 * 1) to like

title: 好


text:
奾

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 奾


text:
奿

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name
 * 2) According to the Kangxi Dictionary, the character refers to a woman’s wisdom and usefulness, and roughly translates to “a skilled woman”.

title: 奿


text:
妀

Han character

 * 1) ancient character used in the name of Daji (妲妀, which is a synonym of 妲己), the favorite concubine of King Zhou of Shang

title: 妀


text:
妁

Han character

 * 1) act as a go-between

Definitions

 * 1)  matchmaker of the bride's side

title: 妁


text:
如

Glyph origin
– a woman obeying an order.

Etymology 1

 * compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 . Also compare 🇨🇬 (ibid.).

Definitions

 * 1) to be like; as; as if; as though
 * 2) to comply with; to agree with; to fit
 * 3) such as; for example; for instance
 * 4)  to be as good as; to be comparable to
 * 5) than; more than
 * 6) if; supposing
 * 7)  you
 * 1)  to be as good as; to be comparable to
 * 2) than; more than
 * 3) if; supposing
 * 4)  you
 * 1) than; more than
 * 2) if; supposing
 * 3)  you
 * 1) if; supposing
 * 2)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you
 * 1)  you

Etymology 2
May be related to.

Definitions

 * 1)  to go to

Kanji

 * 1) likeness; such as; to seem; as if

Compounds

 * / : in what manner; how

Etymology 1
From.

Compounds
🇨🇴

Glyph origin
A, or , representing the syllable by matching the sense of the Chinese character ("to be like") with an otherwise unattested Old Korean root ancestral to 🇨🇬 and.

Etymology 1
First attested in the 신라촌락문서 / 新羅村落文書 (Silla village registers), 695 CE.

Reconstruction notes
Conventionally reconstructed as after the Middle Korean reflex. There is no evidence in Old Korean of the Middle Korean allomorphy; for more on this phenomenon, see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions.

Reconstruction notes
Sometimes reconstructed as to match the Middle Korean form, but it is probably more prudent to take the Old Korean orthography at face value and reconstruct  (Park 2018, p. 68). As with the declarative suffix, there is no evidence in Old Korean of the Middle Korean allomorphy.

title: 如


text:
妃

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Probably related to.

Definitions

 * 1)  spouse; couple
 * 2)  imperial concubine
 * 3)  wife of a prince
 * 4)  goddess

Descendants
Others:

Etymology 2
Related to.

Definitions

 * 1)  to marry

Kanji

 * 1) queen
 * 2) princess

Readings
From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From native roots:

Noun

 * 1) A ruler's wife; queen; empress.

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) A noble's wife.

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) a queen consort or princess consort

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 妃


text:
妄

Glyph origin
.

With also including meanings of “loss” or “destruction”, this character can be interpreted as the loss (亡) of one's proper reason after being seduced by a woman (女).

Definitions

 * 1) improper; unrighteous
 * 2) absurd; foolish
 * 3) reckless; wild; presumptuous
 * 4) insolent; arrogant
 * 5) wilfully; recklessly; presumptuously

Kanji

 * 1) a lie
 * 2) carelessly

Compounds

 * , : groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk
 * , : groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk
 * , : groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk
 * , : groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk
 * , : groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk

title: 妄


text:
妅

Han character

 * 1) (same as 娂) ancient woman's personal name

title: 妅


text:
妆

Han character

 * 1) to adorn oneself, dress up, use makeup

title: 妆


text:
妇

Glyph origin
compare from.

title: 妇


text:
妈

Glyph origin
.

title: 妈


text:
妉

Definitions

 * 1) happy
 * 2) pleased
 * 3) to laugh

title: 妉


text:
妊

Han character

 * 1) conceive
 * 2) be pregnant

Etymology
Cognate with. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) pregnant

Kanji

 * 1) pregnancy

Etymology
From.

title: 妊


text:
妋

Han character

 * 1) greedy
 * 2) womanly appearance
 * 3) face showing or filled with hate

Usage notes
The fū (fu1) reading is only used in the "greedy" and "womanly appearance" definitions. The yōu (you3) reading is only used in the "face showing or filled with hate" definition.

title: 妋


text:
妌

Glyph origin
.

title: 妌


text:
妍

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)   bright, colorful and beautiful

Usage notes
Besides compounds, this character is also frequently used in personal names now.

title: 妍


text:
妎

Han character

 * 1) jealous
 * 2) harsh and troublesome

Definitions

 * 1) jealous
 * 2) harsh and troublesome

title: 妎


text: 妏

title: 妏


text:
妐

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Related to. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1)  husband's father
 * 2)  husband's elder brother

title: 妐


text:
妑

Han character

 * 1) Variant of 婆, see there for more details.

title: 妑


text:
妒

Glyph origin
.

《說文解字注》 considered it a corrupted form of 妬:.

Definitions

 * 1)   to be jealous of her husband or another woman
 * 2)  to be jealous or envious of; to envy

title: 妒


text:
妓

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Attested earliest in  and - period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre.

Apparently loaned from (ancient  in southern China). Compare 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬 & ), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, *krih girl",  *kdri: "female". Alternatively,  relates this to, yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).

Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g., (ibid.).

Definitions

 * 1)  female entertainer; female performer of song and dance
 * 2) prostitute

Kanji

 * 1) geisha; prostitute

Compounds

 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko
 * : female dancer
 * : dancing girl, particularly a maiko

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) female entertainer

Etymology
From.

title: 妓


text: 妔

title: 妔


text: 妕

title: 妕


text:
妖

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) abnormal or bizarre thing or phenomenon
 * 2) demon; goblin
 * 3) evil and fraudulent
 * 4)  gorgeous; beautiful; charming
 * 5)  bizarrely dressed or behaving frivolously
 * 6)  yuck!
 * 1)  gorgeous; beautiful; charming
 * 2)  bizarrely dressed or behaving frivolously
 * 3)  yuck!
 * 1)  bizarrely dressed or behaving frivolously
 * 2)  yuck!
 * 1)  yuck!
 * 1)  yuck!

Kanji

 * 1) attractive
 * 2) bewitching
 * 3) calamity

Compounds

 * : a person who leads others astray with their words
 * : something strange and mysterious; a monster or phantom
 * , : bewitchingly attractive; seductive
 * : a strangely beautiful flower; metaphorically, a strangely beautiful woman
 * : a monster, a phantom
 * : a weird or unearthly feeling
 * : a seductively beautiful princess, a distractingly attractive woman
 * : a demon fox, kitsune
 * : a demon dog, such as the inugami or yamainu
 * : a demon cat, such as the bakeneko, nekomata or kasha
 * : a religion that leads people astray; heresy
 * : a strange calamity; an omen or portent of misfortune
 * , : a malicious rumor
 * : a strange and inauspicious light
 * : witchcraft, sorcery
 * : a witch, a sorcerer
 * : a seductively or distractingly beautiful woman; a vamp; a female fairy, a siren
 * : an inauspicious or unlucky star
 * : fairy
 * : leprechaunism, a manifestation of secondary insulin resistance
 * : seductively beautiful
 * : a seductress, a vamp
 * : a strange accident, emergency, or calamity
 * : a monster, a demon
 * ,, : bewitchingly attractive; seductive
 * : a god of disaster and calamity; a god of disease and misfortune
 * : an evil spirit; a phantom
 * , : an inauspicious or unlucky star
 * , : seductively beautiful
 * : a demonic entity or transformation
 * , : seductively beautiful
 * : a demonic entity or transformation

Noun

 * 1) baseless rumors about a person
 * 2) short form of, of the same meaning

Affix

 * 1) attractive
 * 2) bewitching

title: 妖


text:
妗

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Fusion of.

Definitions

 * 1)  wife of mother's brother

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful
 * 1)  beautiful

Definitions

 * 1)  joyous
 * 2)   frivolous

title: 妗


text:
妘

Glyph origin
.

title: 妘


text:
妙

Definitions

 * 1) subtle; mysterious; profound
 * 2) fine; glorious; marvelous; wonderful; exquisite
 * 3) ingenious; clever
 * 4) young
 * : Miao

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) mysterious
 * 2) strange, bizarre

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) strange
 * 2) excellent
 * 1) excellent
 * 1) excellent

Noun

 * 1) excellence

title: 妙


text:
妚

Definitions

 * 1)  elegant; graceful

Etymology 2
Possibly from a contraction of +.

Definitions

 * 1)  the

title: 妚


text:
妛

Usage notes

 * A ghost character. See ja:妛.

Readings
As a variant of :

As a mistaken character form of :

title: 妛


text: 妜

title: 妜


text:
妝

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to put on makeup; to adorn oneself
 * 2) adornment, makeup and dress
 * 3) trousseau; dowry
 * 4)  to do; to make
 * 1)  to do; to make

title: 妝


text:
妞

Definitions

 * 1)  girl

title: 妞


text:
妟

Definitions

 * 1)  bright and clear sunrise

Kanji

 * 1) to be at ease
 * 2) clear and balmy

title: 妟


text:
妠

Han character

 * 1)  to collect, seize, grab

Definitions

 * 1)  to collect, seize, grab

title: 妠


text:
妡

Glyph origin
.

title: 妡


text: 妢

title: 妢


text:
妣

Han character

 * 1) a posthumous name for mothers
 * 2) * The Book of Rites, Qu Li II, 122:
 * 生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪.
 * While alive, the names of '父|father', '母|mother', and '妻|wife' are used; when they are dead, those of '考|the completed one', 'the corresponding one', and '嬪|the honored one'.

Definitions

 * 1)  deceased mother

Kanji

 * 1) [deceased] mother

title: 妣


text:
妤

Glyph origin
.

Hanja

 * 1) 아름답다(=伃): beautiful, pretty, fair; handsome, good-looking

title: 妤


text:
妥

Han character

 * 1) satisfactory, appropriate

Glyph origin
– to comfort, to placate. Original form of.

Compare.

Definitions

 * 1) appropriate; suitable; proper
 * 2) finished; settled; ready
 * 3)  to sit still; to sit peacefully
 * 4)  secure; stable; smooth
 * 5)  to drop; to fall; to hang down
 * 6)  to welcome; to like
 * : Tuo
 * : Tuo

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) gentle

title: 妥


text:
妦

Han character

 * 1) exquisite, fine
 * 2) (said of a woman's figure) very full and voluptuous, buxom
 * 3) used in girl names

title: 妦


text: 妧

title: 妧


text:
妨

Glyph origin
. 方 also once bore the now-obsolete meaning of "take up" (space), which can explain the meaning of this character as being "to obstruct someone from approaching a woman".

Definitions

 * 1) to hinder; to impede; to obstruct; to disturb
 * 2)  to harm; to damage

Kanji

 * 1) disturb

title: 妨


text:
妩

Han character

 * 1) charming, enchanting

title: 妩


text:
妪

Glyph origin
. In current form,.

title: 妪


text:
妫

Han character

 * 1) family name

title: 妫


text:
妬

Glyph origin
.

Kanji

 * 1) jealousy; envy

Etymology
From.

title: 妬


text: 妭

title: 妭


text:
妮

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  servant girl
 * 2)  girl

title: 妮


text:
妯

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to move; to be agitated; to not be tranquil

title: 妯


text:
妰

Han character

 * 1) demure, gentle and refined
 * 2) solution (to a problem)

title: 妰


text:
妱

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 妱


text:
妲

Definitions

 * 1)  A feminine courtesy name

title: 妲


text:
妳

Glyph origin

 * Etymology 1
 * Derived from by replacing  with . Compare, from.

 * Etymology 2

Definitions

 * 1)  you (singular, female)

Usage notes
This character is mostly used in Traditional Chinese when referring to a female person. Although 妳 is rarely used in Simplified Chinese, it may still be found in some contexts.

title: 妳


text:
妴

Han character

 * 1) a kind of legendary beast (used in the word 妴胡)
 * 2) fine, glorious, happy

title: 妴


text:
妵

Han character

 * 1) personal name

title: 妵


text: 妶

title: 妶


text: 妷

title: 妷


text: 妸

title: 妸


text:
妹

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Probably. Proposed etymologies:
 * STEDT relates it to 🇨🇬, whence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * compares it to 🇨🇬 (whence, ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and also 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬), which STEDT relates to 🇨🇬 instead.

Definitions

 * 1) younger sister
 * 2) girl; young female
 * 3)  daughter

Etymology 1
→ * →

From. First cited in the  of 712.

Speculatively, may be related to terms such as, , and , wherein the medial appears to signify. However, the difference in vowel values presents a difficulty.

Noun

 * 1)  a close female companion
 * 2) one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 3) one's lover or sweetheart who is the subject of marriage or is already married
 * 4)  a close female companion
 * 1)  a close female companion
 * 1)  a close female companion

Etymology 2
→ → * →

Originally a compound of 🇰🇲. First cited in  of the early 900s.

This is an instance of, found in terms with bilabial consonants followed by i; commonly seen in terms such as , , or possibly,.

Noun

 * 1) one's own younger sister
 * 2) the wife of one's younger brother; one's sister-in-law
 * 3) a younger female
 * 4)  one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 1) the wife of one's younger brother; one's sister-in-law
 * 2) a younger female
 * 3)  one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 1) a younger female
 * 2)  one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 1)  one's sister regardless of age difference

 * 1)  younger sister

Etymology 3
Analyzed as a shortening of imōto, itself a compound 🇰🇲.

Appears in , written around the mid-12th century. May be much older, as this reading is also included in kun'yomi glosses for the  of 720 (although the manuscripts with the glosses themselves are not as old).

Proper noun

 * 1) a placename

Etymology 4
From.

Etymology 1
Speculatively, may be related to terms such as, , and , wherein the medial appears to signify. However, the difference in vowel values presents a difficulty.

Noun

 * 1) said from a male speaker:
 * 2) one's sister regardless of age difference
 * , text here
 * 1) one's lover or sweetheart who is the subject of marriage or is already married
 * , text here
 * 1) said from a female speaker:
 * 2) a close female companion
 * , text here
 * 1) one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 2) a daughter
 * 1) one's sister regardless of age difference
 * 2) a daughter
 * 1) a daughter

Etymology 2
Shortening of imo1, due possibly to poetic reasons, haplology, or a reduction of vowel clusters to avoid hiatus, which was phonologically prohibited in Old Japanese. This hiatus avoidance is also seen in, which would otherwise have been wa ga imo1.

Noun

 * , text here
 * , text here

Etymology 3
Eastern dialectal variant of imo1.

Noun

 * , text here
 * , text here

title: 妹


text:
妺

Han character

 * 1) wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty

Glyph origin
.

title: 妺


text:
妻

Glyph origin
― a man grabbing a woman's hair to show ownership.

Etymology
Thought to be cognate to (SWJZ; ) & interpreted as "an equal to her husband"; yet this is unlikely considering the realities of ancient societies.

Schuessler instead proposes etymology: he reconstructs  < *k-sə̂i and compares it to 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬) and 🇨🇬 with *ka(n)- being a female marker (ibid.).

Definitions

 * 1) wife

Definitions

 * 1)  to give a wife to; to give as a wife; to become married to a man
 * 2)  to marry a woman
 * 1)  to marry a woman

Kanji

 * 1) spouse

Etymology 1
From, indicating the person who is at the side of someone: a spouse. Compare the 🇨🇬 expression.

This term originally referred to either a male or female  spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.

Noun

 * 1)  a spouse
 * 2)  a wife

Etymology 2
By extension from the at the sense.

Noun

 * 1) a side dish
 * 2) a tangent, a digression, something to the side of the main thing

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) my wife
 * , Romazi Nikki
 * "ja"

- Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.

Usage notes

 * Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.

Etymology
From.

title: 妻


text:
妼

Han character

 * 1) woman's facial appearance or expression
 * 2) woman's etiquette

title: 妼


text:
妽

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 妽


text:
妾

Glyph origin
Uncertain.

Possibly a of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to with  on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated.

Alternatively, may be an – female criminal.

Etymology
Cognate to. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) slave woman
 * 2) concubine
 * 3)  I; me
 * 1)  I; me
 * 1)  I; me

Kanji

 * 1) concubine
 * 2) servant

Noun

 * 1) concubine

Pronoun

 * 1)  I, me

Etymology
From.

title: 妾


text:
妿

Definitions

 * 1) a lady teacher to teach the proper rules of female behavior in ancient times

title: 妿


text:
姀

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name
 * 2) elegant bearing or deportment

title: 姀


text:
姁

Han character

 * 1) peaceful and happy
 * 2) chatty like an old woman

Kanji

 * 1) beauty

Hanja

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) grandmother

title: 姁


text: 姂

title: 姂


text: 姃

title: 姃


text: 姄

title: 姄


text:
姅

Han character

 * 1) woman at time of menstruation

title: 姅


text:
姆

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  female tutor who teaches women "female virtues" (in imperial China)
 * 2) woman who looks after small children

Kanji

 * 1) wet nurse

Hanja

 * 1) child's governess
 * 2) matron

title: 姆


text: 姇

title: 姇


text:
姈

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)   clever; quick-witted
 * 1)   clever; quick-witted

title: 姈


text:
姉

Kanji

 * 1) older sister

Etymology
From of unclear derivation: This word is an apophonic form of.
 * Probably originally a compound of :
 * Several other theories have also been suggested.

Noun

 * 1) elder sister

Usage notes

 * This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations and is often used in objective narrations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like are preferred.

Noun

 * 1) older sister

title: 姉


text:
姊

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From ; compare 🇨🇬. notes that connection with 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬 is "phonetically less direct".

Definitions

 * 1) elder sister
 * : Miss; Sister
 * : Miss; Sister
 * : Miss; Sister
 * : Miss; Sister

Hanja

 * 1) Older sister

Compounds

 * 姊妹 (자매)
 * 姊妹結緣 (자매결연)
 * 姊妹校 (자매교)
 * 姊妹機關 (자매기관)
 * 姊妹船 (자매선)
 * 姊妹新聞 (자매신문)
 * 姊妹語 (자매어)
 * 姊妹篇 (자매편)
 * 姊妹學校 (자매학교)
 * 姊妹會社 (자매회사)

Han character
honorific for a woman older than speaker ("older sister" but not necessarily blood-related)

title: 姊


text:
始

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) beginning; start
 * 2) to begin; to start
 * 3) initial; first
 * 4) proto-; eo-
 * 5) then; only then; only after

Kanji

 * 1) to begin; to start

Etymology
From.

Affix

 * 1) beginning; start
 * 2) initial; first

Etymology
From.

title: 始


text:
姌

Han character

 * 1) to have a charming, sprightly carriage (said of a woman)

title: 姌


text:
姍

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to slander
 * 2)  glorious
 * 1)  glorious

title: 姍


text: 姎

title: 姎


text:
姏

Definitions

 * 1) old woman

title: 姏


text:
姐

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) elder sister
 * 2) woman; lady; madame
 * 3)  mother
 * 1) woman; lady; madame
 * 2)  mother
 * 1)  mother

title: 姐


text:
姑

Glyph origin
– a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).

Definitions

 * 1) father's sister
 * 2) husband's sister
 * 3) husband's mother
 * 4) woman
 * 5) nun
 * 6) mole cricket
 * 7) tentatively
 * 1) nun
 * 2) mole cricket
 * 3) tentatively

Compounds

 * : Guzang
 * : Indian coral tree
 * : Guzang
 * : Indian coral tree
 * : Guzang
 * : Indian coral tree
 * : Indian coral tree
 * : Indian coral tree
 * : Indian coral tree

Etymology 1
/sihi1to2me1/: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome]. Compound of and. See next entry.

Noun

 * 1) a mother-in-law

Etymology 2
From 姑|shihitome: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome] → [shiɸutome] → [shiwutome] → [shiutome] → [shuːtome].

Noun

 * 1) a mother-in-law

Noun

 * 1) a mother-in-law

title: 姑


text:
姒

Definitions

 * 1) wife of elder brother

title: 姒


text:
姓

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Specialised form of : “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.

Definitions

 * 1) surname; family name; clan name
 * 2) to have the surname of
 * 3)  to belong to; to be classified as
 * 1) to have the surname of
 * 2)  to belong to; to be classified as
 * 1)  to belong to; to be classified as
 * 1)  to belong to; to be classified as
 * 1)  to belong to; to be classified as

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) clan
 * 2) surname

Etymology 1
From.

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of +  or. However, the required →  sound shift would be unusual.

Another thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, 🇨🇬, a Sino-Korean term also spelled, the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with.

Noun

 * 1) a clan
 * 2)  a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan
 * 1)  a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan

Derived terms

 * : someone's full name, written out with the status of their clan appended
 * , : a specific set of eight kabane titles promulgated by in 675
 * , : a specific set of eight kabane titles promulgated by in 675

Etymology 2
From. The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading sèⁿ.

Noun

 * 1) surname, family name
 * 2) clan

Idioms

 * : to be adopted by a different clan; to take on a different surname

Etymology 3
→ →

From. The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading siang.

This reading is less common than sei above.

Noun

 * 1)  surname, family name
 * 2)  clan

Etymology 4
A shift from shō above to use the.

This reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the  from the late 900s.

Noun

 * 1)  surname, family name
 * 2)  clan

Etymology
From.

title: 姓


text:
委

Derived characters

 * 倭 唩 婑 㢻 㣦 捼 涹 㹻 逶 㮃 腇 矮 䅗 緌 䍴 蜲 諉(诿) 踒 躷 錗 䬐 餧 鯘 䴧
 * 瓾 覣 䫋 魏 崣 萎 䆧 䰀 痿

Definitions

 * 1) to entrust; to appoint; to send; to commission
 * 2) to cast aside
 * 3) to gather; to pile up
 * 4) indirect
 * 5) lower reaches of a river
 * 6) dejected
 * 7) indeed

Kanji

 * 1) committee

Etymology
→

From.

Affix

 * 1) entrust; leave to
 * 2) cast aside; abandon
 * 3) detailed

Etymology
From.

Usage notes

 * A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

title: 委


text: 姕

title: 姕


text:
姖

Definitions

 * 1)  she, her;

title: 姖


text:
姗

Han character

 * 1) slander
 * 2) ridicule
 * 3) proceed slowly

title: 姗


text:
姘

Definitions

 * 1) extramarital sex, illicit sexual relations

title: 姘


text:
姙

Han character

 * 1) conceive, be pregnant

title: 姙


text:
姚

Definitions

 * 1) handsome; elegant

title: 姚


text:
姛

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  a state of stiff and rigid neck

title: 姛


text:
姜

Etymology 1
Commonly assumed to be related to, though not necessarily ;  in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads".

Compounds

 * : wild turmeric

title: 姜


text:
姝

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful; pretty
 * 2)  beauty; beautiful woman
 * 1)  beauty; beautiful woman

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful girl

Hanja

 * 1) a beautiful girl

title: 姝


text:
姞

Etymology
explains it as 吉人 ("felicious person").

title: 姞


text: 姟

title: 姟


text: 姠

title: 姠


text: 姡

title: 姡


text:
姢

Han character

 * 1) beautiful, graceful

title: 姢


text:
姣

Han character

 * 1) graceful
 * 2) beautiful, handsome, pretty
 * 3) cunning

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful

Definitions

 * 1)  lewd; flirtatious

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) handsome
 * 3) pretty

Usage notes
This kanji is very rare in Japanese.

Hanja

 * 1) lovely, charming
 * 2) lewdness

title: 姣


text:
姤

Definitions

 * 1)  good; fine
 * 2)  evil
 * 3)  to copulate
 * 4) 44th hexagram of the I Ching, "meet" (䷫)
 * 1) 44th hexagram of the I Ching, "meet" (䷫)

title: 姤


text:
姥

Glyph origin
Etymology 1:.

Etymology 2:.

Etymology 1
See.

Definitions

 * 1) Same as.
 * 2) maternal grandparent

Etymology 2
See.

Definitions

 * 1) old woman
 * 2) mother

Kanji

 * 1) old woman

Hanja

 * 1) maternal grandmother
 * 2) midwife

Han character

 * 1)  old lady

title: 姥


text:
姦

Definitions

 * 1) evil; wicked; treacherous
 * 2) evildoer; treacherous person
 * 3) to stage an armed rebellion or to steal
 * 4) traitor; betrayer
 * 5) to commit adultery
 * 6) extramarital affair; adultery
 * 7) to rape
 * 1) extramarital affair; adultery
 * 2) to rape

Definitions

 * 1)  to fuck
 * 2)  to swear; to curse
 * : fuck!
 * 1)  to scold

Kanji

 * 1) wicked
 * 2) mischief
 * 3) seduce
 * 4) rape
 * 5) noisy

Compounds

 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity
 * : bestiality sexual activity

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) wicked

Noun

 * 1) wickedness, wicked person

Etymology
From.

title: 姦


text:
姧

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) wicked

Noun

 * 1) wickedness, wicked person

title: 姧


text:
姨

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) maternal aunt
 * 2) sister-in-law
 * 3) aunt
 * 4)  father's concubine
 * 1)  father's concubine

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) a wife's sister; more specifically, a wife's younger sister
 * 2) a mother's sister, a maternal aunt
 * 3) a mistress ; more specifically, a father's mistress

title: 姨


text:
姩

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful woman

Definitions

 * 1)  woman; lady
 * 2)  paternal aunt

title: 姩


text:
姪

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From +. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) fraternal nephew or niece originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty
 * 2) child of a (male) friend in the same generation

Etymology
/me 1 hi/: [mepi] → [meɸi] → [mewi] → [mei]. Initial /me/ is cognate with.

Noun

 * 1) the daughter of one's sibling; a niece

title: 姪


text:
姬

Alternative forms
The character commonly used in Japanese is. Note that the Korean form is written with as the right component, which is the historical form found in the.

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1

 * Zhou dynastic surname
 * Its eponym was traditionally held to the river, which has been identified with the river in . However,  points out that "there seems to be no record of a Ji River outside the myth" of the.

 * Instead, he suggests an etymological connection between "the two intermarrying moieties, a ruling clan and its collateral, wife-supplying counterpart": and . He also points to other word-pairs, including  < *-əɰʔ and  < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.)

 * lady
 * According to (apud ):

 * "gay"
 * Homophonous with or 🇨🇬 (in Cantonese) and already carrying feminine connotations. Probably influenced by 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * , used by the ruling family of the House of Zhou
 * 1)  lady
 * 2)  beauty
 * 3)  concubine
 * , with a feminine connotation; lesbian
 * 1)  lady
 * 2)  beauty
 * 3)  concubine
 * , with a feminine connotation; lesbian
 * 1)  beauty
 * 2)  concubine
 * , with a feminine connotation; lesbian
 * , with a feminine connotation; lesbian
 * , with a feminine connotation; lesbian

Readings
Note: the nanori readings and  are so-called.

Hanja

 * 1) woman

title: 姬


text:
姭

Han character

 * 1) good appearance, fine appearance

Definitions
1. n. Beautiful Appearance (extremely rare, archaic).

title: 姭


text: 姮

title: 姮


text:
姯

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name
 * 2) feminine beauty
 * 3) woman's beauty or charms

title: 姯


text:
姰

Han character

 * 1) equality of men and women
 * 2) insane, mad
 * 3) violent
 * 4) wild

Usage notes
The "jūn" reading is only used with the "equality of men and women" definitions. The "xún" reading is only used with the "insane, mad", "violent", and "wild" definitions.

title: 姰


text:
姱

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful; fine
 * 2)  exaggerative; exaggeratedly embellished

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) handsome
 * 3) elegant

Hanja

 * 1) 아름다울: beautiful

title: 姱


text:
姲

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 姲


text:
姳

Definitions

 * 1)  good

title: 姳


text:
姴

Han character

 * 1) beautiful, pretty
 * 2) pleasing

title: 姴


text:
姵

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 姵


text:
姶

Han character

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) good-looking

Definitions

 * 1) exquisite; fine
 * 2) clever; bright
 * 3) silent
 * 4) used in female names

Definitions

 * 1) nimble
 * 2) cute
 * 3) lovable

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful
 * 2) good-looking

title: 姶


text:
姷

Han character

 * 1) to help one another
 * 2) to come to somebody's aid

title: 姷


text:
姸

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful

Hanja

 * 1) beautiful

Han character

 * 1) beautiful

title: 姸


text: 姹

title: 姹


text:
姺

Han character

 * 1) name of an ancient state that existed during the Shang dynasty
 * 2) a surname

title: 姺


text:
姻

Glyph origin
– marriage of/to a woman.

Definitions

 * 1) marriage
 * 2) relation by marriage; marital bond

Etymology
From.

Affix

 * 1) marriage; matrimonial alliance

Derived terms

 * : marriage, matrimony

title: 姻


text:
姼

Han character

 * 1) beautiful appearance
 * 2) beautiful woman

Glyph origin

 * Etymology 1

 * Etymology 2

Definitions

 * 1)  being accompanied or surrounded by many girls

title: 姼


text:
姽

Han character

 * 1) good

title: 姽


text:
姾

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 姾


text:
姿

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) manner; carriage; bearing
 * 2) looks; appearance

Kanji

 * 1) figure, shape

Noun

 * 1) figure, appearance, form, aspect, shape

title: 姿


text:
hart

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬/🇨🇬/🇨🇬), from Pre-Germanic , from.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , , 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬. More at.

Noun

 * 1) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.

Translations

 * Arabic: أَيَّل
 * Dutch: hertenbok, ,
 * Faroese: hjørtur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: männlicher Hirsch, Hirschbock
 * Hebrew:
 * Irish: carria, damhfhia
 * Italian: cervo maschio
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Hirsch
 * Maori: hāta
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, kronhjort
 * Old English: heorot
 * Old French: cerf
 * Plautdietsch: Hersch
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: саме́ц оленя
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: de
 * Swedish:
 * Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎊𐎍
 * West Frisian: hart

Etymology 2
See.

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
 * 2) The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
 * 3) The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
 * 4) Compassionate or similar feelings

Etymology
See

Adjective

 * 1) hard
 * 2) loud

Etymology
, from, , a borrowing from.

Noun

 * 1)  cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

Etymology
From, , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) hard
 * 2) severe, harsh
 * 3)  unmoved, cold, cruel
 * 1)  unmoved, cold, cruel
 * 1)  unmoved, cold, cruel

Adverb

 * 1) hard (with force or effort)
 * 2) sharply, roughly, severely
 * 3) close
 * 1) close

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hard (not soft)
 * 2) solid, sturdy
 * 3) hard, harsh, cruel

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)   heart

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hard

Etymology
From, from , whence also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Ultimately from,.

Adjective

 * 1) hard

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) strength, resilience, fortitude

Etymology
From, from , from. .

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  deer

title: hart


text:
than

Etymology
From, , from , a variant of , from , from earlier *þam, from , accusative masculine of. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Doublet of.

Conjunction

 * 1)  Because; for.
 * 2) * 1854, Reformation series:
 * If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: for than he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.
 * 1)  Because; for.
 * 2) * 1854, Reformation series:
 * If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: for than he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.
 * If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: for than he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.

Preposition

 * Patients diagnosed more recently are probably surviving an average of longer than two years.
 * No player is more skillful than Greg.
 * No player is more skillful than Greg.

Usage notes
Usage prescriptivists have a number of rules concerning than. According to them, than is not a preposition to govern the oblique case (although it has been used as such by writers such as William Shakespeare, whose 1600 play Julius Caesar contains the line A man no mightier than thyself or me. . ., and Samuel Johnson, who wrote No man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous.). Than functions as both conjunction and preposition; when it is used as a conjunction, it governs the nominative case, and when a preposition, the oblique case. To determine the case of a pronoun following "than", a writer can look to implied words and determine how they would relate to the pronoun.

Examples :

 * You are a better swimmer than she.
 * represents You are a better swimmer than she is.
 * therefore You are a better swimmer than her is, according to such prescriptivists, a solecism.

 * They like you more than her.
 * represents They like you more than they like her.
 * therefore They like you more than she is a solecism, if it attempts to represent the previous sentence. It may be correct, however, if it represents They like you more than she likes you.

Some prescriptivists insist that whom must follow than (not who); although according to the above rule, who would be the "correct" form in the first example. Critics of this often cite this mandatory exception as evidence that the prescriptivist rule is logically erroneous, in addition to its being inconsistent with well-established usage.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: من
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: -dalay, -daldi
 * Bashkir: ablative case; dative case + ҡарағанда
 * Basque: baino
 * Belarusian: чым, ніж, за ,
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:, не́жели , не́же , , не́ли
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cimbrian: dan
 * Cornish: ages, es
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: enn
 * Finnish:, partitive case followed by a comparative adjective
 * French:
 * Galician:, ca non, , que non
 * Georgian: ვიდრე
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἤ,, ἤπερ
 * Hebrew: מִ־, מִמַּה שֶּׁ־, מֵאֲשֶׁר
 * Hindi: की अपेक्षा,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: ná
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: қарағанда, гөрі
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Lao: ກ່ວາ
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian: nekā
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German: denn
 * Lü:
 * Macedonian: од
 * Malay: daripada
 * Ngazidja Comorian: na
 * Northern Sami: go
 * Northern Thai:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: enn
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: нежели, некъли, негъли
 * Old East Slavic: нежели, чѣмъ
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, do que
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , не́же
 * Scots: nor
 * Scottish Gaelic: na
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: него
 * Roman:
 * Shan:
 * Slovak: než, ako
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: kuliko
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kaysa,
 * Tajik:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ལས
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen: görä
 * Ukrainian:, ,  ,
 * Urdu: سے
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Venetian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: na
 * Yiddish: פֿאַר, פֿון, ווי, איידער
 * Zhuang:

Adverb

 * 1)  At that time; then.

Etymology
From.

Conjunction

 * 1) than

Adverb

 * 1) then
 * 2) * 14th Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
 * And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn, Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
 * And when he had drunk all the wine He would not speak a word other than Latin

Adverb

 * 1) then

Adverb

 * 1) then, there, when, at that time

Conjunction

 * 1) from there, therefore, if, because, after
 * 2) than, (comparative)

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) coal

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1) to complain

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) then

title: than


text:
怀

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  anger

title: 怀


text:
娀

Han character

 * 1) name of a concubine of Di Ku, father of the mythical Yao

title: 娀


text:
威

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
is the exoactive derivation of, literally "to be intimidated". In early writing, the character for 畏 was sometimes used directly as a substitute of (e.g. in the  inscription).

is a derivation.

Definitions

 * 1) pomp
 * 2) power
 * 3) powerful
 * 4) to dominate; to display power
 * 5)  imposing; awe-inspiring
 * 6)  to be imposing; to be awe-inspiring

Etymology
→

From.

Noun

 * 1) power; might; strength; authority

Affix

 * 1) power; might; strength; authority; dignity; majesty

Derived terms

 * : power, might
 * : spirits, power
 * : put on airs, boast
 * : authority, power
 * : show of force
 * : fierceness, fury
 * : powerful delivery
 * : solemn dignity
 * : majesty, dignity
 * : dignified appearance
 * : dignity, dignified manner
 * : prestige, dignity
 * : coercion, high-handedness
 * : intimidate, threaten
 * : threat, menace

Hanja

 * 1) dignity

title: 威


text:
娂

Han character

 * 1) ancient woman's personal name

title: 娂


text:
娃

Derived characters

 * 㥨 𣕁

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful
 * 2)  beautiful girl
 * 3) girl; lady; female
 * 4) child; kid; infant
 * 5) child
 * 6)  son
 * 7)  young animal
 * 8) doll

Kanji

 * 1) beautiful (used only for names)

Etymology
Sino-Japanese.

The reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Affix

 * 1) beauty, beautiful girl

Hanja

 * 1) baby
 * 2) doll
 * 3) pretty girl

title: 娃


text:
娄

Derived characters

 * 偻 喽 𪣻 𡞱 嵝 㥪 搂 溇 𤠋 缕 楼 𦝼 䁖 褛 镂 耧 蝼 𨍦 𢖕 髅
 * 𥹰 数 𡢐 𢖖 蒌 窭 篓 屡 瘘 屦

title: 娄


text:
娅

Han character

 * 1) mutual term of address used by sons-in-law
 * 2) a brother-in-law

title: 娅


text: 娆

title: 娆


text:
娇

Glyph origin
.

title: 娇


text:
娈

Han character

 * 1) lovely, beautiful
 * 2) docile, obedient

title: 娈


text:
娉

Definitions

 * 1) beautiful; attractive; charming; graceful

Definitions

 * 1)  to inquire about marriage by sending an intermediary with gifts to the woman

title: 娉


text: 娊

title: 娊


text: 娋

title: 娋


text:
娌

Glyph origin
.

Kanji

 * 1) brother's wife

title: 娌


text:
娍

Kanji

 * 1) slender, beautiful body

title: 娍


text:
娎

Definitions

 * 1)  to come off and stick up; to peel off and bend upwards

title: 娎


text: 娏

title: 娏


text: 娐

title: 娐


text:
娑

Glyph origin
.

Usage notes
In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, is often used to transcribe 🇨🇬.

Kanji

 * 1) old woman

Hanja

 * 1) dance, frolic
 * 2) lounge
 * 3) saunter

title: 娑


text:
娒

Han character

 * 1) matron

title: 娒


text:
娓

Han character

 * 1) comply
 * 2) complying, agreeable

Definitions

 * 1)  to comply with; to yield to

title: 娓


text: 娔

title: 娔


text: 娕

title: 娕


text: 娖

title: 娖


text:
娗

Han character

 * 1) woman with uterine prolapse
 * 2) slender and beautiful

title: 娗


text:
娘

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of.

Alternatively, from with an attached suffix *-ŋ also found in  as against. However, evidence for this suffix is sparse; Sagart only adduces these two pairs of words.

As yet another suggestion, it may be a loan from 🇨🇬; compare and 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) woman, especially a young girl
 * 2)  mother; ma
 * 3) wife of another person
 * 4) elderly lady
 * 5)  "The Lady"
 * 6)  girly; effeminate; feminine
 * 7)   the Middle Chinese initial of
 * 1) elderly lady
 * 2)  "The Lady"
 * 3)  girly; effeminate; feminine
 * 4)   the Middle Chinese initial of
 * 1)   the Middle Chinese initial of
 * 1)   the Middle Chinese initial of
 * 1)   the Middle Chinese initial of

Descendants
Others:

Definitions

 * 1)  old-fashioned

Etymology 1
From. First cited to the  of 720.

Analyzed as a compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  a daughter

Etymology 2
Alternative spelling. See.

Etymology
From.

title: 娘


text:
娙

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)   tall and beautiful

title: 娙


text:
娚

Derived characters

 * 嬲 嫐

Kanji

 * 1) husband and wife; married couple

Noun

 * 1) husband and wife; married couple

title: 娚


text:
娛

Definitions

 * 1) to amuse; to entertain
 * 2) amusing; entertaining
 * 3) amusement; enjoyment; pleasure
 * 4) entertainment

Kanji

 * 1) recreation

Usage notes
This character has never been used in Japanese and lacks essential JIS support. Tha variant is used instead.

title: 娛


text:
娜

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) beautiful; graceful

Etymology 2
Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part. Originally used to transcribe foreign female personal names, then also used in Chinese female personal names.

Kanji

 * 1) graceful

Usage notes
Used in the  (720 ) as kana for  and.

Hanja

 * 1) elegant
 * 2) graceful
 * 3) delicate

title: 娜


text:
娝

Definitions

 * 1) unworthy; unseemly; unpromising; dishonourable

title: 娝


text: 娞

title: 娞


text:
娟

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful; graceful

Usage notes
Besides compounds, this character is also frequently used in personal names now.

title: 娟


text:
娠

Etymology
From. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) to be pregnant

Kanji

 * 1) with child

Etymology
From.

title: 娠


text: 娡

title: 娡


text:
娢

Han character

 * 1) an ancient woman's personal name

title: 娢


text:
娣

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Same word as.

Definitions

 * 1)  younger of two women married to a man;  concubine of a man
 * 2)  younger sister
 * 3)  wife of husband's younger brother
 * 4)  mother's younger sister

Kanji

 * 1) younger sister
 * 2) sister-in-law

Hanja

 * 1) younger sister
 * 2) sister-in-law

title: 娣


text: 娤

title: 娤


text:
娥

Definitions

 * 1)  good; beautiful
 * 2)  beautiful woman
 * 3)  eyebrow
 * 1)  eyebrow
 * 1)  eyebrow

Usage notes
This character is now chiefly used as female personal names.

title: 娥


text: 娦

title: 娦


text: 娧

title: 娧


text: 娨

title: 娨


text:
娩

Definitions

 * 1) to give birth to a child

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful; delicate; fine
 * 2)   complaisant; agreeable

Definitions

 * 1) A surname.

Definitions

 * 1)  to reproduce

Kanji

 * 1) bear (children)

title: 娩


text: 娪

title: 娪


text: 娫

title: 娫


text:
娬

Han character

 * 1) lovely
 * 2) attractive

Han character
Lovely

title: 娬


text:
娭

Han character

 * 1) to play around, frolic
 * 2) ancient term of disparagement for women
 * 3)  grandmother (used in the word 娭她)
 * 4)  honorific for older women (used in the word 娭她)
 * 5) slave girl, servant girl

title: 娭


text:
娮

Glyph origin
.

title: 娮


text:
娯

Etymology
Japanese form.

Present form.

Han character

 * 1) pleasure, enjoyment, amusement

Kanji

 * 1) recreation

title: 娯


text: 娰

title: 娰


text:
娱

Han character

 * 1) pleasure, enjoyment, amusement

title: 娱


text: 娲

title: 娲


text: 娳

title: 娳


text: 娴

title: 娴


text:
娵

Han character

 * 1) star
 * 2) the third solar month of the Chinese solar calendar (used in the word 娵訾)

Glyph origin
.

Kanji

 * 1) marry
 * 2) bride

Noun

 * : daughter-in-law; bride

title: 娵


text:
娶

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Exoactive of. Compare the etymology of.

In 🇨🇬, the vernacular reading is instead from.

Definitions

 * 1)  to marry; to take (a wife)

title: 娶


text: 娷

title: 娷


text:
娸

Han character

 * 1) ugly

title: 娸


text: 娹

title: 娹


text:
娺

Han character

 * 1) agile and brave
 * 2) indignant, angry

title: 娺


text: 娻

title: 娻


text:
娼

Etymology
From. Cognate with.

Definitions

 * 1) prostitute
 * 2)  female performer of song and dance

Kanji

 * 1) prostitution

Etymology
From.

title: 娼


text: 娽

title: 娽


text: 娾

title: 娾


text: 娿

title: 娿


text:
婀

Definitions

 * 1) beautiful; graceful

Kanji

 * 1) charm
 * 2) flirtation

Hanja

 * 1) be beautiful
 * 2) be graceful

title: 婀


text:
婁

Derived characters

 * 僂 (偻) 塿 (𪣻) 㜢 (𡞱) 摟 (搂) 嘍 (喽) 嶁 (嵝) 㡞 漊 (溇) 慺 (㥪) 樓 (楼) 㺏 (𤠋) 膢 (𦝼) 熡 (𤋏) 𤛠 㻲 䄛 瞜 (䁖) 䅹 褸 (褛) 耬 (耧) 螻 (蝼) 艛 縷 (缕) 軁 貗 (𫎌) 謱 (𫍴) 䝏 鏤 (镂) 鞻 髏 (髅) 䮫 䱾
 * 䣚 㪹 甊 氀 數 (数) 䫫 鷜 㟺 蔞 (蒌) 寠 (𪧘) 窶 (窭) 簍 (篓) 𩯁 廔 屢 (屡) 瘻 (瘘) 屨 (屦) 遱 (𫐷)

Glyph origin
Originally. Meaning uncertain.

Later.

Definitions

 * 1)  the constellation Lóu, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions
 * 2)  weak; feeble; frail
 * 3)  overripe and unfit to eat

Definitions

 * 1)  to drag; to trail; to pull

Definitions

 * 1)  to tether oxen

Kanji

 * 1) frequently
 * 2) tie

Hanja

 * 1) a constellation
 * 2) to wear

title: 婁


text: 婂

title: 婂


text: 婃

title: 婃


text:
婄

Han character

 * 1)  soft, weak
 * 2) to soak
 * 3) unreliable

Definitions

 * 1) to soak
 * 2) unreliable
 * 3)  soft, weak

title: 婄


text: 婅

title: 婅


text:
婆

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (STEDT).

Definitions

 * 1) old woman
 * 2) grandmother
 * 3) mother-in-law (of a woman); husband's mother
 * 4) woman in a particular profession

Usage notes
In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, is often used to transcribe 🇨🇬,  and.

Etymology 1
Possibly a reduplication of.

Noun

 * 1) an elderly woman, old woman
 * 2)  Old Maid
 * 1)  Old Maid
 * 1)  Old Maid

Etymology 2
→

Alteration of baba above.

Noun

 * 1) an elderly woman, old woman
 * 2)  a complaint, grumbling
 * 1)  a complaint, grumbling

Etymology 3
From.

Affix

 * 1) old woman, crone

Etymology
From.

title: 婆


text:
婇

Definitions

 * 1) lady-in-waiting within the palace; palace maid

title: 婇


text: 婈

title: 婈


text:
婉

Han character

 * 1) amiable, congenial
 * 2) restrained

Definitions

 * 1)  gentle; tender; tactful
 * 2)  beautiful; graceful; elegant

Kanji

 * 1) graceful

Compounds

 * 婉曲

title: 婉


text:
婊

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  prostitute; whore; bitch
 * 2)  to be badmouthed; to be wrongly accused; to be regarded as a bitch

Readings

 * Nôm: biểu

title: 婊


text: 婋

title: 婋


text:
婌

Hanja

 * 1) 아름다울 숙 (고대한자), ENG: beautiful

title: 婌


text:
婍

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful appearance

title: 婍


text: 婎

title: 婎


text: 婏

title: 婏


text:
婐

Definitions

 * 1) maid

title: 婐


text: 婑

title: 婑


text: 婒

title: 婒


text: 婓

title: 婓


text: 婔

title: 婔


text:
婕

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  beautiful

Kanji

 * 1) handsome

Hanja

 * 1) imperial concubine
 * 2) beautiful

title: 婕


text:
婖

Glyph origin
.

title: 婖


text:
婗

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) infant, newborn
 * 2) whimper of an infant

title: 婗


text:
婘

Glyph origin
.

title: 婘


text: 婙

title: 婙


text:
婚

Han character

 * 1) get married
 * 2) marriage; wedding

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to marry; to get married
 * 2) wedding; marriage
 * 3)  relative by marriage; kin by marriage; in-law
 * 4)  father of wife
 * 5)  family of wife
 * 1)  family of wife

Kanji

 * 1) marriage

Compounds

 * : marriage, matrimony
 * : marriage
 * : wedding
 * : marriage
 * : wedding
 * : wedding

Hanja

 * 1) get married
 * 2) marriage, wedding

title: 婚


text:
婛

Glyph origin
.

title: 婛


text: 婜

title: 婜


text:
婝

Glyph origin
.

title: 婝


text:
婞

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) obstinate, stubborn

title: 婞


text:
婟

Glyph origin
.

title: 婟


text: 婠

title: 婠


text:
婡

Definitions

 * 1)  good; beautiful

title: 婡


text:
婢

Glyph origin
. May also be considered a, especially in light of its etymology.

Etymology
Endoactive of (i.e., what is low, what is inferior). Possible allofam of.

Definitions

 * 1) female slave
 * 2)   your servant
 * 1)   your servant

Kanji

 * 1) maidservant
 * 2) female slave

title: 婢


text:
婣

Han character

 * 1) marriage connections
 * 2) a bride

title: 婣


text:
婤

Han character

 * 1) lovely

title: 婤


text: 婥

title: 婥


text:
婦

Glyph origin
Two possibilities:
 * , as supported by the latest Old Chinese reconstructions; or
 * – a woman with a broom.

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) married woman
 * 2) woman
 * 3) wife
 * 1) wife
 * 1) wife
 * 1) wife
 * 1) wife

Kanji

 * 1) lady
 * 2) woman

Etymology
From.

title: 婦


text:
婧

Definitions

 * 1)  slender; delicate
 * 2)  talented; gifted

title: 婧


text:
婨

Glyph origin
.

title: 婨


text:
婩

Glyph origin
.

title: 婩


text:
婪

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to covet; to be avaricious; to be greedy

Kanji

 * 1) covetous
 * 2) ravenous

title: 婪


text:
婫

Definitions

 * 1)  to cover

title: 婫


text:
婬

Han character

 * 1) obscene, licentious, lewd

Definitions

 * 1)  licentious; obscene; lewd; lascivious; pornographic
 * 2)  to have illicit sexual relations; to commit adultery
 * 3)  to indulge in; to overindulge; to abandon oneself in; to be greedy for

title: 婬


text:
婭

Han character

 * 1) mutual term of address used by sons-in-law
 * 2) a brother-in-law

Definitions

 * 1)  term of address used between husbands of sisters

title: 婭


text:
婮

Glyph origin
.

title: 婮


text: 婯

title: 婯


text:
婰

Glyph origin
.

title: 婰


text: 婱

title: 婱


text:
婲

Han character

 * 1) beautiful

title: 婲


text:
婳

Han character

 * 1) tranquil

title: 婳


text:
essere

Verb

 * 1)  ask
 * 2)  visit
 * 1)  visit

Etymology
, from. The past participle is from.

Verb

 * 1)  to have (done something); to be in the state of having (done something); See Category:Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary.
 * 2)  to have (done something to oneself/oneselves); to be in the state of having (done something to oneself/oneselves); See Category:Italian reflexive verbs.
 * 3)  to be (done something); to be in the state of being (done something); See Category:Italian transitive verbs.
 * 4)  to be, to exist
 * 5)  to be (present)
 * 6)  to be true
 * 7)  to be
 * 8)  to be
 * 9)  to be
 * 10)  to exist
 * 11)  to be, to consist, to stay, to lay
 * 12)  to live
 * 13)  to have life, to have origin
 * 14)  to occur, to happen, to take place
 * 15)  to be in/at a place; to be in a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 16)  to be in/at a place, to come to a place; to be in/at a particular place/position compared to someone/something else, to come to a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 17)  to be
 * 18)  to be
 * 19)  to be
 * 20)  to be (of)
 * 21)  to be (to do something)
 * 22)  to be (from)
 * 23)  to be (in)
 * 24)  to be (in)
 * 25)  to be able to (do something)
 * 26)  to be (at)
 * 27)  to have
 * 28)  to be (given) to
 * 29)  to be for
 * 30)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 31)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 32)  to be; to have
 * 33)  to be
 * 34)  to be
 * 1)  to be true
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 4)  to be
 * 5)  to exist
 * 6)  to be, to consist, to stay, to lay
 * 7)  to live
 * 8)  to have life, to have origin
 * 9)  to occur, to happen, to take place
 * 10)  to be in/at a place; to be in a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 11)  to be in/at a place, to come to a place; to be in/at a particular place/position compared to someone/something else, to come to a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 12)  to be
 * 13)  to be
 * 14)  to be
 * 15)  to be (of)
 * 16)  to be (to do something)
 * 17)  to be (from)
 * 18)  to be (in)
 * 19)  to be (in)
 * 20)  to be able to (do something)
 * 21)  to be (at)
 * 22)  to have
 * 23)  to be (given) to
 * 24)  to be for
 * 25)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 26)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 27)  to be; to have
 * 28)  to be
 * 29)  to be
 * 1)  to live
 * 2)  to have life, to have origin
 * 3)  to occur, to happen, to take place
 * 4)  to be in/at a place; to be in a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 5)  to be in/at a place, to come to a place; to be in/at a particular place/position compared to someone/something else, to come to a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 6)  to be
 * 7)  to be
 * 8)  to be
 * 9)  to be (of)
 * 10)  to be (to do something)
 * 11)  to be (from)
 * 12)  to be (in)
 * 13)  to be (in)
 * 14)  to be able to (do something)
 * 15)  to be (at)
 * 16)  to have
 * 17)  to be (given) to
 * 18)  to be for
 * 19)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 20)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 21)  to be; to have
 * 22)  to be
 * 23)  to be
 * 1)  to be in/at a place, to come to a place; to be in/at a particular place/position compared to someone/something else, to come to a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 4)  to be
 * 5)  to be (of)
 * 6)  to be (to do something)
 * 7)  to be (from)
 * 8)  to be (in)
 * 9)  to be (in)
 * 10)  to be able to (do something)
 * 11)  to be (at)
 * 12)  to have
 * 13)  to be (given) to
 * 14)  to be for
 * 15)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 16)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 17)  to be; to have
 * 18)  to be
 * 19)  to be
 * 1)  to be in/at a place, to come to a place; to be in/at a particular place/position compared to someone/something else, to come to a particular place/position compared to someone/something else
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 4)  to be
 * 5)  to be (of)
 * 6)  to be (to do something)
 * 7)  to be (from)
 * 8)  to be (in)
 * 9)  to be (in)
 * 10)  to be able to (do something)
 * 11)  to be (at)
 * 12)  to have
 * 13)  to be (given) to
 * 14)  to be for
 * 15)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 16)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 17)  to be; to have
 * 18)  to be
 * 19)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 4)  to be (of)
 * 5)  to be (to do something)
 * 6)  to be (from)
 * 7)  to be (in)
 * 8)  to be (in)
 * 9)  to be able to (do something)
 * 10)  to be (at)
 * 11)  to have
 * 12)  to be (given) to
 * 13)  to be for
 * 14)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 15)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 16)  to be; to have
 * 17)  to be
 * 18)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be (of)
 * 4)  to be (to do something)
 * 5)  to be (from)
 * 6)  to be (in)
 * 7)  to be (in)
 * 8)  to be able to (do something)
 * 9)  to be (at)
 * 10)  to have
 * 11)  to be (given) to
 * 12)  to be for
 * 13)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 14)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 15)  to be; to have
 * 16)  to be
 * 17)  to be
 * 1)  to be (of)
 * 2)  to be (to do something)
 * 3)  to be (from)
 * 4)  to be (in)
 * 5)  to be (in)
 * 6)  to be able to (do something)
 * 7)  to be (at)
 * 8)  to have
 * 9)  to be (given) to
 * 10)  to be for
 * 11)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 12)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 13)  to be; to have
 * 14)  to be
 * 15)  to be
 * 1)  to be (to do something)
 * 2)  to be (from)
 * 3)  to be (in)
 * 4)  to be (in)
 * 5)  to be able to (do something)
 * 6)  to be (at)
 * 7)  to have
 * 8)  to be (given) to
 * 9)  to be for
 * 10)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 11)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 12)  to be; to have
 * 13)  to be
 * 14)  to be
 * 1)  to be (in)
 * 2)  to be (in)
 * 3)  to be able to (do something)
 * 4)  to be (at)
 * 5)  to have
 * 6)  to be (given) to
 * 7)  to be for
 * 8)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 9)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 10)  to be; to have
 * 11)  to be
 * 12)  to be
 * 1)  to be (in)
 * 2)  to be able to (do something)
 * 3)  to be (at)
 * 4)  to have
 * 5)  to be (given) to
 * 6)  to be for
 * 7)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 8)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 9)  to be; to have
 * 10)  to be
 * 11)  to be
 * 1)  to be (at)
 * 2)  to have
 * 3)  to be (given) to
 * 4)  to be for
 * 5)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 6)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 7)  to be; to have
 * 8)  to be
 * 9)  to be
 * 1)  to have
 * 2)  to be (given) to
 * 3)  to be for
 * 4)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 5)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 6)  to be; to have
 * 7)  to be
 * 8)  to be
 * 1)  to be (given) to
 * 2)  to be for
 * 3)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 4)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 5)  to be; to have
 * 6)  to be
 * 7)  to be
 * 1)  to be (almost) ; to be going to
 * 2)  to be with/against; to be on/over; to be between/among
 * 3)  to be; to have
 * 4)  to be
 * 5)  to be
 * 1)  to be; to have
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 1)  to be; to have
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 1)  to be; to have
 * 2)  to be
 * 3)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be
 * 1)  to be

Usage notes

 * The present participle is very rare, and is usually replaced with, the present participle of , or with the present participles of its synonyms. Similarly the past participle  has disappeared, with , the past participle of , being used instead.
 * The verb essere (including all its forms) is the word that occurs most frequently in speech and the most necessary for the expression of thought. It differs from all other verbs because, in its absolute use, it does not determine the subject, but only sets it as existing; used as a copula or as an auxiliary, it only performs the function of introducing the nominal or verbal predicate; it is therefore never, strictly speaking, a true predicate.
 * When stating an amount, for example amount of money to pay for a service, Italian, unlike English, uses the third plural, not third singular . An example would be: "It will be €200”, which in Italian would read "Sono 200 €".

Conjugation
Including lesser-used forms:

 * Truncated apocopic forms exist of many of the above forms:

Noun

 * 1)  being, living
 * 2)  being, living
 * 3)  being
 * 4)  being
 * 5)  being; living; existence; condition
 * 6)  being, condition
 * 7)  being, in good conditions
 * 8)  ready
 * 9)  place, operation
 * 10)  being
 * 11)  being, creature
 * 12)  living being, creature
 * 13)  existence
 * 1)  being
 * 2)  being; living; existence; condition
 * 3)  being, condition
 * 4)  being, in good conditions
 * 5)  ready
 * 6)  place, operation
 * 7)  being
 * 8)  being, creature
 * 9)  living being, creature
 * 10)  existence
 * 1)  being, in good conditions
 * 2)  ready
 * 3)  place, operation
 * 4)  being
 * 5)  being, creature
 * 6)  living being, creature
 * 7)  existence
 * 1)  place, operation
 * 2)  being
 * 3)  being, creature
 * 4)  living being, creature
 * 5)  existence
 * 1)  being
 * 2)  being, creature
 * 3)  living being, creature
 * 4)  existence
 * 1)  living being, creature
 * 2)  existence
 * 1)  existence
 * 1)  existence

Verb

 * 1) * Roman epitaph (uncertain date but after the 4th–5th c. AD)
 * "la"
 * "la"

 * 1) * (8th c.)
 * "la"

- ...tam de facultatem quam et de colonaria familia qui exinde causam cum altero habuerit infra annum prosequat cuius essere debeat...

 * 1) * ' Confessio (mid-9th c. AD)
 * "la"

- Hic enim seritur quod illic metitur nec fas est credi illum lucifluum seculum peccantes recipere in quo tu eum sustinendo dignatus est abitare quem locum retributjonis iustitje essere uoluisti.

 * 1) * Cartulário de San Vicente de Oviedo n.ᵒ6 (AD 905)
 * "la"

- Gundesalvus Nepotiani dum essere pausati in domo istius Gundefredi presentes fuimus.

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to be

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to be to exist
 * 2)  to be to occupy a place
 * 1)  to be to occupy a place

Noun

 * 1) being

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to be

Usage notes

 * Not used as an auxiliary verb.

title: essere


text: 婴

title: 婴


text:
婵

Han character

 * 1) beautiful, lovely, pretty, graceful

title: 婵


text: 婶

title: 婶


text:
婷

Glyph origin
.

title: 婷


text:
婸

Glyph origin
.

title: 婸


text:
婹

Glyph origin
.

title: 婹


text:
婺

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to not obey

title: 婺


text:
婻

Glyph origin
.

title: 婻


text:
婼

Han character

 * 1) person

Definitions

 * 1) recalcitrant, uncomplying

title: 婼


text:
婽

Han character

 * 1) good, well

title: 婽


text:
婾

Kanji

 * 1) handsome

Hanja

 * 1) enjoy
 * 2) steal

title: 婾


text:
婿

Glyph origin
.

Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of ; the phonetic part is later conflated into.

Etymology
Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric.

The Standard Mandarin pronunciation xù is due to rounding assimilation in the word, which generalized to the character reading.

Definitions

 * 1) son-in-law
 * 2) husband

Etymology 1
* → * → * * → *  →

Found in the  of 720 with the ideographic spelling.

Although the reading muko is not confirmed in documents, the presence of cognate words suggests that this may be from  (cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and the moko below). This would be the a result of a phonological change, whereby non-final * in Proto-Japonic nouns shifted to become in Central Old Japanese.

In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs and, both derived from , from 🇨🇬, from the idea of "the facing party, the other person (of a pair)"; see also. Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms have not been published yet.

Noun

 * 1) a husband who has entered his wife's house
 * 2) a son-in-law
 * 3) a groom, bridegroom
 * 1) a groom, bridegroom

Etymology 2
* → → * →

From other dialects besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved * as.

Possibly cognate or otherwise related with Old Japanese.

Noun

 * 1)   above

Etymology 3
From.

Affix

 * 1) groom
 * 2) son-in-law

title: 婿


text:
媀

Glyph origin
.

title: 媀


text:
媁

Glyph origin
.

title: 媁


text:
媂

Definitions

 * 1)  god of the toilet

title: 媂


text:
媃

Glyph origin
.

title: 媃


text: 媄

title: 媄


text:
媅

Definitions

 * 1) happy
 * 2) pleased
 * 3) to laugh

title: 媅


text:
媆

Han character

 * 1) young
 * 2) tender
 * 3) soft
 * 4) delicate

Definitions

 * 1) gentle beauty

title: 媆


text: 媇

title: 媇


text: 媈

title: 媈


text:
媉

Glyph origin
.

title: 媉


text:
媊

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) morning star

title: 媊


text:
媋

Glyph origin
.

title: 媋


text:
媌

Han character

 * 1) fine, glorious, happy
 * 2) prostitute

Definitions

 * 1)  prostitute

title: 媌


text:
媍

Han character

 * 1) woman
 * 2) wife

title: 媍


text: 媎

title: 媎


text: 媏

title: 媏


text:
媐

Definitions

 * 1)  happy, joyous
 * 2) good, virtuous, charitable, kind

title: 媐


text:
媑

Glyph origin
.

title: 媑