text:
aloof

Etymology
From, probably from (Compare 🇨🇬), originally a nautical order to keep the ship's head to the wind, thus to stay clear of a lee-shore or some other quarter, hence the figurative sense of "at a distance, apart".

Adverb

 * 1) At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.
 * 2) Without sympathy; unfavorably.
 * 1) Without sympathy; unfavorably.
 * 1) Without sympathy; unfavorably.

Translations

 * Arabic: بَعِيدًا عَنّ, بِمَعْزِل عَن
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, , syrjästä
 * French: à l'écart, à distance
 * Galician: a distancia
 * German: (ein Stück) entfernt, auf (etwas) Abstand
 * Maori: whiwhiu
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fad às
 * Serbo-Croatian:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish: ötede

 * Albanian: mënjanës
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, auf Abstand, auf Distanz,
 * Italian: con distacco
 * Persian: کناره‌گیر
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fad às
 * Serbo-Croatian:, ,
 * Spanish: sin compasión

Adjective

 * 1) Reserved and remote; either physically or emotionally distant; standoffish.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, odtažitý
 * Danish: reserveret, menneskesky
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: distante
 * German:, menschenscheu, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: coimhthíoch
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Plautdietsch: huachnäsich
 * Polish: trzymający się z dala, z dystansem, z rezerwą
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fad às
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

Preposition

 * 1)  Away from; clear of.

title: aloof


text:
aloud

Etymology
From, , equivalent to or.

Adverb

 * 1) With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.
 * 2) Audibly, as opposed to silently/quietly.
 * 1) Audibly, as opposed to silently/quietly.
 * 1) Audibly, as opposed to silently/quietly.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Italian: a voce alta, ad alta voce
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 큰 소리로,
 * Maori: kiriwaha
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: виян
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: en voz alta
 * Swedish: ,

 * Telugu: ,

Adjective

 * 1) Spoken out loud.

Etymology
Compound of.

Adjective

 * 1) ancient, time-honoured, from time immemorial

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: aloud


text:
alpine

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or inhabiting mountains, especially above the timberline.
 * 1)  Of or relating to slalom and downhill skiing.
 * 1)  Of or relating to slalom and downhill skiing.

Translations

 * Catalan: alpí
 * Finnish: alpiininen, alppi,
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: alpin
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Portuguese: alpestre,, montanhês, montesino
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:

 * Catalan: alpí
 * Finnish: alppilaji-
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian: alpint
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several plants, native to mountain habitats, often grown in rock gardens.

Translations

 * Finnish: alppikasvi, kalliokasvi

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

title: alpine


text:
already

Etymology
From, , equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at,.

The use as an intensifier in American English is a and.

In Singapore English, the use of already as a marker of action completion and change of state (i.e., and  respectively) is analogous to ,   and. Compare and.

Adverb

 * 1) Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.
 * 2) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.
 * 1) So soon.

Usage notes

 * Already may be used with the present perfect (I have already done that), the past perfect (I had already done it by then), the future perfect (When you arrive, the business will already have been completed) or the simple future (When you arrive, the business will already be complete).

 * "Already" and "all ready" do not mean the same thing. The two-word term can be used to mean "fully prepared."

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:, مِنْ قَبْلُ
 * Egyptian Arabic: خلاص, قبل كده
 * Gulf Arabic: أوردي
 * Hijazi Arabic: قِد, قِيد
 * South Levantine Arabic: مِن قبِل
 * Armenian:
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܒ݂ܲܪ, ܥܲܕܠܵܐ
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: ,
 * Belarusian: ужо́, ўжо
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ပြီးပြီ
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎦᏳᎳ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 已經
 * Dungan: кәҗя
 * Eastern Min: 捌曾
 * Mandarin:, , , ,
 * Cornish: seulabrys
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe: xoxo
 * Faroese: longu
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: za, bielzà, dizà
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: უკვე
 * German: ,
 * Alemannic German: scho
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἤδη
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: पहले ही, पहले से
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua:
 * Irish: cheana
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , , とっくに
 * Kazakh: әлдеқашан
 * Khasi: lypa
 * Khmer:, រួចហើយ
 * Korean:
 * Lao: ແລ້ວ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: jau
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lü: ᧟
 * Macedonian: веќе
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: diġà
 * Mongolian: хэдийнээ, аль хэдийн, хэзээний
 * Nahuatl:
 * Northern Sami: juo
 * Norwegian:
 * Nupe: aní
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: ǣr
 * Persian: ,
 * Pipil: -ya, -a
 * Polabian: al
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: ña
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sardinian: ge, za
 * Scots: a'ready
 * Scottish Gaelic: cheana, mu thràth, mar thà
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: већ
 * Roman: već
 * Shan:
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: južo
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik:, кайҳо, қаблан
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Tîrî: wai
 * Turkish:, çoktan
 * Turkmen: eýýäm
 * Ukrainian:, вже́, раніше
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: xà, zà
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Welsh: eisoes
 * West Frisian: al, alree
 * White Hmong: twb
 * Yiddish: שוין
 * Zhuang: gaenq

 * Arabic: لقد
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:, nu al
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, di già
 * Japanese: こんなに早く
 * Northern Sami: juo
 * Persian: به این زودی
 * Portuguese:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, πιά
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: una buona volta
 * Khmer:
 * Persian: دیگه,
 * Portuguese: de uma vez
 * Slovak: okamžite, hneď,
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: שוין

title: already


text:
alienist

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  An expert in mental illness, especially with reference to legal ramifications.
 * 2)  A psychiatrist.
 * 1)  A psychiatrist.
 * 1)  A psychiatrist.
 * 1)  A psychiatrist.
 * 1)  A psychiatrist.

Translations

 * French:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Esperanto:

Etymology
.

title: alienist


text:
Alton

Etymology
From +.

Proper noun

 * , around Alton Hall and Alton Manor.
 * 1)  and.
 * 2) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1)  and.
 * 2) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * 1) * 1920 The Lyceum Magazine, editor Ralph Albert Parlette, Volume 30, page 15:
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.
 * ...because I have learned something about cartoons from Alton Packard. There are two things about Mr Packard that I keep turning over in my mind. One is that his name sounds like Alton Parker, onetime presidential candidate, and the other is that, to me at least, he looks a little bit like Woodrow Wilson.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: Олтън
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 奧爾顿
 * Marathi: ऑल्टन

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Alton is the 7,305th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 4,565 individuals. Alton is most common among White (84.42%) individuals.

title: Alton


text:
alteration

Etymology
From (French ), from. Morphologically

Noun

 * 1) The act of altering or making different.
 * 2) A minor adjustment to clothing, such as hemming or shortening, to make it fit better.
 * 3) The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; a changed condition.
 * 1) The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; a changed condition.

Translations

 * Arabic: تَغْيِيْر
 * Asturian: alteración
 * Bashkir: үҙгәртеү
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐξαλλαγή
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: alterātiō
 * Maori: panonitanga, whakarerekētanga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, forandring
 * Odia:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ; modificare ,
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: mùthadh, atharrachadh, caochladh
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Thai:

 * Arabic:
 * Bashkir: үҙгәреү
 * Bulgarian:, промененост
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:, omslag
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Indonesian: alterasi
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Nepali: परिबर्तन
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: forandring,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Ottoman Turkish: ,
 * Turkish: ,

title: alteration


text:
Talk:buggy

I don't know about the "shopping cart" definition. I've never heard the word used in that sense before. I wonder if it's perhaps a regional term. Can anyone shed any light on this? Ortonmc 20:58, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I saw a cash register once prompt the attendant "Buggy Bottom" to remind her to check the lower shelf that's below the main basket. —Długosz

 * I used to hear it all the time when I lived in Tennessee. I don't know if it's regional or not, but it is used.  —Muke Tever 02:16, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

A "buggy" is used in J.D. James' modern mystery The Lighthouse. The residents use it to get around an island. At first I assumed she was referring to a horse-drawn cart, but no horses were ever mentioned. Then it says something about turning a key to start it. So I assume it must be something like a station wagon or minivan. Any ideas? Bev Davis

one source of etymology
Etymology in Webster's New World Dictionary (ed. D.B. Guralnik; 1959; pbk.; 632 pp.): "[< Fr. bouger, move]" —Strabismus 20:33, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Dutch Wikipedia has "Zo'n auto werd Buggy genoemd, naar de VW Bug, zoals de Kever in Amerika genoemd werd. Omdat de auto's kleiner en lichter waren dan de gewone kever werd het verkleinwoord Buggy gebruikt" and the talk page has a short discussion with an unsourced cite, which I searched and found many links to fans of the car VW-Käfer (the Beetle) and a link to VW-Buggy, so sense 2. is clear.
 * For the general sense, a few terms to compare to would help.
 * For fr. bouger ("to move"): The vulgar Latin reconstruction reminds me of ger. Bollerwagen and so I can't help but think that *-cāre was related to car, even if by folk-etymology, and by extension Wagen, wagon. I find bug- versus wag- attractive, so baggy (bag < baggi) seems to be in the same paradigm, to me, but i can't frame that in linguistic terms. Thoughts? Sources? Rhyminreason (talk) 20:10, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:buggy


text:
ghostwriter

Noun

 * 1) A professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity.
 * Smith was listed as the author of his autobiography, but a ghostwriter did most of the work.
 * Smith was listed as the author of his autobiography, but a ghostwriter did most of the work.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: spookskrywer
 * Armenian:
 * Catalan: negre literari,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 捉刀手, 代筆者
 * Danish:
 * Esperanto: fantoma verkisto, kaŝita verkisto
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , ,
 * German:, Phantomschreiber
 * Hungarian: szellemíró,
 * Italian:, scrittore ombra
 * Japanese:, 代作者
 * Korean: 대작자
 * Malay: penulis siluman
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ghostwriter
 * Romanian: negru literar, scriitor fantomă
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: pisac iz sjene
 * Spanish:, escritor fantasma
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  professional writer for another person

title: ghostwriter


text:
KIA

Noun

 * 1)  A person who is killed in action.

title: KIA


text:
gnome

Etymology 1
From, from , used by as a synonym for.

Noun

 * 1)  An elemental (spirit or corporeal creature associated with a classical element) associated with earth.
 * 2)  One of a race of imaginary human-like beings, usually depicted as short and typically bearded males, who inhabit the inner parts of the earth and act as guardians of mines, mineral treasure, etc.; in modern fantasy literature and games, when distinguished from dwarves, gnomes are usually even smaller than dwarves and more focussed on engineering than mining.
 * 3) A person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.
 * 4) The, , a small owl of the western United States.
 * 5) A small statue of a dwarf-like character, often bearded, placed in a garden.
 * 6)  An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a compact blue starter.
 * 7)  A banker, especially a secretive international one.
 * 8) * 1985, Fodor's, Fodor's ... London, Fodor's
 * For this is a creation of the City, of the country's financial heart, and of the gnomes of London who have financed it and supported it entirely on their own.
 * 1) The, , a small owl of the western United States.
 * 2) A small statue of a dwarf-like character, often bearded, placed in a garden.
 * 3)  An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a compact blue starter.
 * 4)  A banker, especially a secretive international one.
 * 5) * 1985, Fodor's, Fodor's ... London, Fodor's
 * For this is a creation of the City, of the country's financial heart, and of the gnomes of London who have financed it and supported it entirely on their own.
 * 1) * 1985, Fodor's, Fodor's ... London, Fodor's
 * For this is a creation of the City, of the country's financial heart, and of the gnomes of London who have financed it and supported it entirely on their own.
 * 1) * 1985, Fodor's, Fodor's ... London, Fodor's
 * For this is a creation of the City, of the country's financial heart, and of the gnomes of London who have financed it and supported it entirely on their own.

Translations

 * Albanian: Thopç,
 * Arabic: تِمْثَال, قزم خرافيّ, قَوْلٌ مَأْثُور, مَثَل سائر, اِتِّزان, حَصَافَة, حِكْمَة,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: gnom,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 地精
 * Czech: skřítek
 * Danish: gnom
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, , gnoomi
 * French:
 * Galician:, , perello, cachizo
 * German:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ノーム
 * Lithuanian: nykštukas
 * Marathi: नोम
 * North Frisian: Önereersk
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gnom
 * Nynorsk: gnom
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, pigmeo,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Walloon: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: gnoomi
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: skarbek,

 * Albanian: Thopç,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, , , perello, cachizo
 * Marathi: नोम
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish:
 * German: Gnomen-Sperlingskauz
 * Navajo: biniiʼdootłʼizh
 * Polish: sóweczka dwuplamista

Etymology 2
From, from the base of.

Noun

 * 1)  A brief reflection or maxim; a pithy saying.
 * 2) * 1996, Giambattista Vico, Giorgio A. Pinton, Arthur W. Shippee (translators), The Art of Rhetoric, [1711-1741, Giambattista Vico, Institutiones Oratoriae], page 125,
 * The Greeks in their tongue call this second type of maxim noema. The gnome is more appropriate to the philosophers, and the noema to the orators, to the poets, and to the historians. To speak by gnomes alone was referred to by the Greeks as "philosophizing" which we Italians would render as "to mouth maxims" (sputar sentenze).
 * The Greeks in their tongue call this second type of maxim noema. The gnome is more appropriate to the philosophers, and the noema to the orators, to the poets, and to the historians. To speak by gnomes alone was referred to by the Greeks as "philosophizing" which we Italians would render as "to mouth maxims" (sputar sentenze).

Etymology
From New Latin, not attested classically. .

title: gnome


text:
gnomon

Etymology
Borrowed from, or directly from its , or directly from its etymon , from , ultimately from ; the word is thus related to.

The geometry sense (sense 4) is from the resemblance of the plane figure to a carpenter’s square. Similarly, a gnomon in mathematics (sense 5) is also shaped like a carpenter’s square when depicted pictorially if the figurate numbers are squares.

Noun

 * 1) An object such as a pillar or a rod that is used to tell time by the shadow it casts when the sun shines on it, especially the pointer on a sundial.
 * 2) An object such as a pillar used by an observer to calculate the meridian altitude of the sun (that is, the altitude of the sun when it reaches the observer's meridian), for the purpose of determining the observer's latitude.
 * 3) The index of the hour circle of a globe.
 * 4)  A plane figure formed by removing a parallelogram from a corner of a larger parallelogram.
 * 5)  A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers.
 * 1) An object such as a pillar used by an observer to calculate the meridian altitude of the sun (that is, the altitude of the sun when it reaches the observer's meridian), for the purpose of determining the observer's latitude.
 * 2) The index of the hour circle of a globe.
 * 3)  A plane figure formed by removing a parallelogram from a corner of a larger parallelogram.
 * 4)  A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers.
 * 1) The index of the hour circle of a globe.
 * 2)  A plane figure formed by removing a parallelogram from a corner of a larger parallelogram.
 * 3)  A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers.
 * 1)  A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers.
 * 1)  A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers.

Translations

 * Arabic: قياس
 * Armenian: գնոմոն
 * Basque: gnomon
 * Belarusian: гно́ман
 * Bulgarian: гно́мон
 * Catalan: gnòmon,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 晷針
 * Czech: gnómon
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: gnoomon
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: gnomon, aste
 * Galician: gnomon
 * Georgian: გნომონი
 * German: Gnomon
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γνώμων, κερκίς
 * Hebrew: גנומון
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: gnómon
 * Icelandic: sólsproti
 * Ido:
 * Irish: snáthaid, snáthaid chlog gréine
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: グノモン
 * Korean: 규표(圭表)
 * Latvian: gnomons
 * Lithuanian: gnomonas
 * Malay: paku bayang
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gnomon
 * Occitan:
 * Persian: اشاره‌گر,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: gnômon
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: гно̀мо̄н
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: gnómon
 * Slovene: gnómon
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: gnomon
 * Turkish: gnomon
 * Ukrainian: ґно́мон

 * Friulian: gnomon
 * Romanian:

 * French:
 * Friulian: gnomon
 * Hungarian: gnómon
 * Slovene: gnomon
 * Urdu:

Noun

 * 1) gnomon

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) gnomon

Etymology
, from, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) gnomon; rod or pillar on a sundial whose shadow is used to indicate the time

Descendants

 * All borrowed

Noun

 * 1) gnomon

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * 1) gnomon

title: gnomon


text:
alterative

Etymology
From, noun use of.

Noun

 * 1)  A medicine or treatment which works by changing processes within the body, rather than by evacuating something etc.

Adjective

 * 1) Causing alteration.
 * 2)  Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state into a healthy one.

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: alterativo
 * Portuguese: alterativo, alterante, alterador

title: alterative


text:
altercation

Etymology
From Late, from , , , , , and (modern 🇨🇬), and from its  , the   of , from  +. is the   of, from  (ultimately from ) +

Noun

 * 1)  An angry or heated dispute.
 * 2)  An act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law.
 * 3)  Angry or heated disputation.
 * 1)  An act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law.
 * 2)  Angry or heated disputation.
 * 1)  An act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law.
 * 2)  Angry or heated disputation.
 * 1)  An act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law.
 * 2)  Angry or heated disputation.
 * 1)  Angry or heated disputation.
 * 1)  Angry or heated disputation.

Translations

 * Arabic: هَوْشَة, نِزَاع
 * South Levantine Arabic: طوشة
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܚܪܒܐ, ܩܪܒܐ, ܩܐܪܣܐ
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dalmatian: aplich
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Egyptian: ḏꜥ
 * Finnish:, , , , ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:, heftige Auseinandersetzung, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀντίρρησις
 * Hindi: बिबाद, चपक़ुलश,, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: bræta,, orðahnippingar, orðakast, orðasenna, orðaskak, , rimma
 * Italian: altercazione,, battibuglio, bisticciamento, , , , ,
 * Jamaican Creole: argument, cass cass
 * Korean:
 * Ladino: sayran
 * Latin: altercātiō, certatus, iūrgium,, rixa
 * Macedonian: кара́ница, ка́вга, пре́пирка, распра́вија, спор
 * Maori: kekeritanga, waunga
 * Middle English: altercacioun, noyse
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: disputt, krangel, ordveksling
 * Ottoman Turkish: نزاع, چكیش, پرخاش
 * Pashto: مجادله
 * Persian:
 * Polish: alterkacja, , , ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: не̏споразум, прѐпӣрка, спо̏р, су́коб
 * Roman:, , , , verbalni
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak:, škriepka, svár, zvada
 * Spanish:, , , , rifirrafe
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: basag-ulo
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Ukrainian: перепа́лка,
 * Urdu: بباد, چَپْقُلَش, جھگڑا, رار
 * Welsh:, ffrae, ffrwgwd

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: todistajan haastattelu
 * Macedonian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, , , , ,
 * Macedonian:
 * Welsh:

Etymology
From, , from , borrowed from.

title: altercation


text:
alternate

Etymology
From, from , from +. See,.

Pronunciation

 * Adjective, noun
 * Verb
 * Verb
 * Verb
 * Verb

Adjective

 * 1) Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).
 * 2)  Alternating; (of e.g. a pair of tinctures which a charge is coloured) succeeding in turns, or (relative to the field) counterchanged.
 * 3)  Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second.
 * 4)  Other; alternative.
 * 5)  Distributed singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence
 * 1)  Alternating; (of e.g. a pair of tinctures which a charge is coloured) succeeding in turns, or (relative to the field) counterchanged.
 * 2)  Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second.
 * 3)  Other; alternative.
 * 4)  Distributed singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence
 * 1)  Other; alternative.
 * 2)  Distributed singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence
 * 1)  Distributed singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence
 * 1)  Distributed singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence

Usage notes

 * In British English this adjective means, according to OED and other sources, one after the other or similar. It does not mean the same as alternative, which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate. In international English it is thus thought better to observe the British distinction: then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear to everyone.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: редуващ се
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: vahelduv
 * Finnish:
 * German:, , , Wechsel-
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin: alternus
 * Polish: alternować
 * Portuguese:, alternante
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Czech:
 * Danish: hveranden
 * Finnish: joka toinen
 * German: jeweils anderer, jeweils andere, jeweils anderes
 * Swedish: (=every second; every other)
 * Tagalog: salisi

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: alternativ
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, vaihtoehto-
 * French: ,
 * German:, , , , ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

 * Finnish: vuorottainen
 * German:

Noun

 * 1) That which alternates with something else; vicissitude.
 * 2)  A substitute; an alternative; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.
 * 3)  A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.
 * 4)  A replacement of equal or greater value or function.
 * 1)  A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.
 * 2)  A replacement of equal or greater value or function.

Translations

 * Czech: obměna
 * Finnish:, vaihteleva asia

 * Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗᏍᎩ
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: (replacing as a workman),  (replacing as a member of a committee, board, etc.)

Verb

 * 1)  To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.
 * 2)  To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; followed by with.
 * 3)  To vary by turns.
 * 4)  To perform an alternation (removal of alternate vertices) on (a polytope or tessellation); to remove vertices (from a face or edge) as part of an alternation.
 * 1)  To vary by turns.
 * 2)  To perform an alternation (removal of alternate vertices) on (a polytope or tessellation); to remove vertices (from a face or edge) as part of an alternation.
 * 1)  To perform an alternation (removal of alternate vertices) on (a polytope or tessellation); to remove vertices (from a face or edge) as part of an alternation.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: редувам се
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: střídat se
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: alternar
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: ailtéarnaigh
 * Japanese:
 * Occitan:
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,

 * Bulgarian: редувам се
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: střídat se
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: alternar
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: ailtéarnaigh
 * Japanese:
 * Occitan:
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, (på varandra, i tur)

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Irish: ailtéarnaigh
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Swedish:

title: alternate


text:
alternately

Adverb

 * 1) In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.
 * 2)  By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.
 * 3)  Alternatively.
 * 1)  By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.
 * 2)  Alternatively.
 * 1)  By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.
 * 2)  Alternatively.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Danish: vekselvis
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: alterne
 * French:
 * Georgian: მონაცვლეობით, მორიგეობით, რიგრიგობით
 * German:, , abwechslungsweise
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: かわるがわるに, 交互に
 * Latin: alternātim
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: vekselvis
 * Nynorsk: vekselvis
 * Polish:, , przemiennie
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: mu seach
 * Spanish:, por turno
 * Swedish: ,
 * Welsh: bob yn ail

title: alternately


text:
alternation

Etymology
Morphologically
 * compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence
 * 2)  The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.
 * 3)  Ablaut.
 * 4)  A pattern by which more than one construct is possible, as with "Alice cooked Bob dinner" and "Alice cooked dinner for Bob".
 * 5)  The "inclusive or" truth function.
 * 6)  A sequence that alternates between positive and negative values; sometimes incorrectly used to mean permutation.
 * 7)  A construct in a regular expression that can match any of several specified subexpressions.
 * 8)  A type of partial truncation of a polygon, polyhedron or tiling in which alternate vertices are removed.
 * 9) * 1932,, The densities of the regular polytopes, part 2, reprinted in 1995, F. Arthur Sherk, Peter Mcmullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivić Weiss (editors), Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H. S. M. Coxeter, page 54,
 * This case suggests that the alternation of a polyhedron should be bounded by actual vertex figures and alternated faces. The case of the cube is in agreement with this notion, since the alternated square is nothing.
 * 1)  The "inclusive or" truth function.
 * 2)  A sequence that alternates between positive and negative values; sometimes incorrectly used to mean permutation.
 * 3)  A construct in a regular expression that can match any of several specified subexpressions.
 * 4)  A type of partial truncation of a polygon, polyhedron or tiling in which alternate vertices are removed.
 * 5) * 1932,, The densities of the regular polytopes, part 2, reprinted in 1995, F. Arthur Sherk, Peter Mcmullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivić Weiss (editors), Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H. S. M. Coxeter, page 54,
 * This case suggests that the alternation of a polyhedron should be bounded by actual vertex figures and alternated faces. The case of the cube is in agreement with this notion, since the alternated square is nothing.

Translations

 * Belarusian: чаргава́нне
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Esperanto: alternado
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: ailtéarnú, uainíocht, sealaíocht
 * Polish: alternacja
 * Portuguese:, alternação
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: алтерна́ција
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish: alternasyon,
 * Ukrainian: чергува́ння

 * Finnish:

title: alternation


text:
altogether

Etymology
From, , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare also 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬. More at together.

The noun sense was popularized in 's 1894 novel .

Adverb

 * 1) Completely, wholly,  or without exception.
 * 2) On the whole; with everything considered.
 * 3) With everything included.
 * 4)   without doubt, clearly.
 * 1) On the whole; with everything considered.
 * 2) With everything included.
 * 3)   without doubt, clearly.
 * 1) With everything included.
 * 2)   without doubt, clearly.
 * 1) With everything included.
 * 2)   without doubt, clearly.
 * 1)   without doubt, clearly.
 * 1)   without doubt, clearly.

Usage notes
“Altogether” and “all together” do not mean the same thing. The one-word term is used to mean “wholly, completely, in total," whereas the two-word term is used to mean "as a group, in the same place,” etc.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Danish: uden undtagelse
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ganz und gar, ohne Ausnahme,, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πάνυ
 * Hungarian:, teljességgel,
 * Irish: ar fad
 * Italian: del tutto
 * Latin: omnīnō
 * Maori: tokitoki
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uten unntak,, fuulstendig
 * Nynorsk: utan unntak
 * Occitan: completament
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scots: awthegither
 * Scottish Gaelic: air fad, gu lèir
 * Slovak: celkom, úplne
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish: hep birlikte, ,

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: en total
 * Danish: alt i alt, i det store og hele
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: alles in allem, alles zusammengenommen,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, mindent összevéve, egészében véve
 * Italian: nel complesso
 * Lao: ທັງໝົດ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: alt i alt, i det store og det hele, alt tatt i bektraktning, summa summarum
 * Nynorsk: alt i alt, i det store og det heile
 * Occitan: tot considerat
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ao todo
 * Romanian: cu totul, în general
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: celkovo, v podstate
 * Spanish: en general, en suma
 * Swedish:

 * Hungarian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: alt i alt

Noun

 * 1)  A state of nakedness. (Especially in the phrase )

title: altogether


text:
always

Etymology
From, , , a variant of , , , from , , from + , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at,.

Adverb

 * 1) At all times; throughout all time; since the beginning.
 * 2) Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).
 * 3)  In any event.
 * 1) Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).
 * 2)  In any event.
 * 1) Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).
 * 2)  In any event.
 * 1) Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).
 * 2)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.
 * 1)  In any event.

Usage notes

 * Used for both duration and frequency.
 * "Always" used with a continuous tense can imply anger or annoyance about another person's persistent habits, for example "My mum is always telling me to tidy me room!".

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Alviri-Vidari: همیشه
 * Amharic:
 * Arabic: دَائِمًا, أَبَدًا,
 * Egyptian Arabic: دايمًا, تملّي, على طول
 * Hijazi Arabic: دايمًا, على طول
 * Moroccan Arabic: ديما
 * North Levantine Arabic: دايْماً
 * South Levantine Arabic: دايْماً
 * Tunisian Arabic: ديما
 * Aragonese: siempre
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: totãnã, tutdiunã, tutauna
 * Asturian:
 * Atong (India): phangnan
 * Azerbaijani:, hər zaman, daim
 * Bashkir: һәр ваҡыт, һәр ҡасан, гел
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: заўсёды, заўжды́
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bislama: oltaem
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:, , , , ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chamicuro: mayepalala
 * Cherokee: ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ, ᏂᎪᎸ
 * Chickasaw: bíyyi'ka
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Chuvash: ялан
 * Cornish: pub prys
 * Crimean Tatar: daim, er vaqıt, müddem
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: siampro, siampre, sianpro
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi:
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Evenki: окин-да
 * Ewe: ɣesiaɣi
 * Faroese: altíð, alla tíðina
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: simpri
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ყოველთვის, მუდამ
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍅
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀεί, πάντοτε, διὰ παντός
 * Guaraní: opa ára, tapiaite
 * Haitian Creole: toujou
 * Hawaiian: nā manawa apau loa
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: ain, ikkää
 * Interlingua: semper
 * Irish: i gcónaí, i dtólamh
 * Istriot: senpro
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kabyle: dima
 * Kashubian: wiedno, wcyg
 * Kazakh: әрдайым, әрқашан
 * Khmer: ជាដរាប, ជានិច្ច
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:, ھەمیشە
 * Northern Kurdish:, , ,
 * Kyrgyz:, ар качан, ар убакытта, ,
 * Lao: ຕະຫລອດມາ, ຕະຫລອດເມື່ອ, ຍັ່ງ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: vienmēr
 * Ligurian: sénpre
 * Limburgish: ,
 * Lithuanian:, visuomet
 * Livonian: alz
 * Low German:
 * Dutch Low Saxon: aait, aingoal , aaltieds
 * Lü:
 * Macedonian: секогаш
 * Malay:, selalu, sepanjang masa, setiap masa, semedang, nalar, selulus, berkelaluan
 * Malayalam:
 * Marathi: नेहमी
 * Mirandese: siempre
 * Mòcheno: òlbe
 * Mongolian: ,
 * Navajo: hoolʼáágóó
 * Norman: terjous
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Occitan:, ,
 * Odia: ସବୁବେଳେ
 * Ojibwe: apane
 * Old English: ā, simle
 * Old Galician-Portuguese: sempre
 * Old Prussian: aīnat
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polabian: altitåi̯
 * Polish: ,
 * Pontic Greek: πάντα
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: wiñaipag
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Romansh: adina ; adegna ; adüna
 * Russian: ,
 * Saanich: YOŦ
 * Sanskrit:, सदैव, ,
 * Sardinian: sèmpede, sèmper
 * Scots: aye
 * Scottish Gaelic: daonnan, an còmhnaidh, a-chaoidh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: увек, увијек, стално, непрестано
 * Roman:, , ,
 * Shan:
 * Sinhalese: නිතරම
 * Slovak: vždy, stále
 * Slovene: ,
 * Sorbian:
 * Upper Sorbian:
 * Southern Ohlone: iñaha
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: sikuzote
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:, доимо
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: һәрвакыт, һәркайчан, һәрчак, гел
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: རྟག་པར, འཆར་ཅན, ག་དུས་ཡིན་ནའི, ནམ་གཏན་དུ
 * Tocharian B: ṣek
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen: hemişe, mydama
 * Ukrainian:, , за́всіди, за́вше,
 * Urdu: ہمیشہ, سدا, نتیہ
 * Uzbek:, , ,
 * Venetian: senpre, senper, senpro
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: wastad, bob amser
 * West Flemish: olsan, assan
 * West Frisian: jimmer
 * Yiddish: שטענדיק, תּמיד
 * Zhuang: caenh

 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: ديمًا
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: заўсёды, заўжды́, уве́сь ча́с, пастая́нна
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: ato
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chickasaw: bíyyi'ka
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Estonian: ,
 * Ewe: ɣesiaɣi
 * Finnish:, , joka kerta, , , alituiseen
 * Georgian: ყოველთვის, მუდამ
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hawaiian: mau
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua:
 * Irish: i gcónaí, síor-, i rith an ama, an t-am ar fad, an t-am go léir
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ھەموجار
 * Latvian: vienmēr
 * Limburgish:, jedes kiër
 * Macedonian: секогаш
 * Malay: selalu,
 * Malayalam:
 * Mirandese: siempre
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian: hele tiden, konstant,
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , всё вре́мя,
 * Scots: aye
 * Scottish Gaelic: daonnan, an còmhnaidh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: увек, увијек, стално, непрестано
 * Roman:, , ,
 * Slovak: vždy, stále
 * Slovene:, , vsákič
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: sikuzote
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ,
 * Ukrainian:, , за́вше, весь ча́с, уве́сь час
 * Urdu: ہمیشہ

 * Icelandic: ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Latin:
 * Maltese:
 * Romanian:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: ,

title: always


text:
superficial

Etymology
Borrowing from, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.
 * 2)   Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it.
 * 3) Appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely.
 * 4) Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent.
 * 5) Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.
 * 6)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1) Appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely.
 * 2) Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent.
 * 3) Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.
 * 4)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1) Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.
 * 2)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1) Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.
 * 2)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.
 * 1)  Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: ზედაპირული
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐπιπόλαιος
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latin: superficiālis
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: אויבנאויפֿיק
 * Zazaki: sereyran

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 淺層;
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Maori: ākahu, kirimoko
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish: pintapuolinen,

 * Arabic: سَطْحِيّ
 * Bengali:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: overfladisk
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: supraĵa, malprofunda
 * Estonian: pinnapealne
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ზედაპირული
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: ἐπιπόλαιος
 * Hindi: सतही
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: yfirborðskenndur
 * Italian:
 * Maori: mōhio ngutu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: faoin
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Yiddish: אויבנאויפֿיק
 * Zazaki: payaser

 * Finnish:

Noun

 * 1)  A surface detail.

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) surficial; of the surface
 * 1) surficial; of the surface

Adjective

 * 1)  pertaining to the surface

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1)  comprising a surface
 * 2) ; shallow not reaching or penetrating deep
 * 3) shallow overly concerned with superficial matters
 * 4)  lacking thoroughness or attention to minor details
 * 1) shallow overly concerned with superficial matters
 * 2)  lacking thoroughness or attention to minor details
 * 1)  lacking thoroughness or attention to minor details

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) shallow

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) shallow
 * 1) shallow

title: superficial


text:
sundial

Etymology
From, a clarification of after it was used for other objects as well.

Noun

 * 1) A device measuring the time of day by the position of a shadow cast by a pole or plate (gnomon) upon an engraved series of marks.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: sonwyzer
 * Albanian: orë diellore
 * Arabic: مِزْوَلَة
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian: արեւի ժամացույց
 * Assamese:
 * Asturian: reló de Sol
 * Azerbaijani: günəş saatı
 * Basque: eguzki erloju
 * Belarusian: со́нечныя гадзі́ны
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: horolaj-heol
 * Bulgarian: слъ́нчев часо́вник
 * Burmese: နေ နာရီ
 * Catalan: rellotge de sol
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Corsican: meridiana, miridiana
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Emilian:
 * Esperanto: sunhorloĝo
 * Estonian: päikesekell
 * Extremaduran:
 * Faroese: sólur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მზის საათი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: सौर-घड़ी,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: sólúr
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: jam matahari
 * Irish: clog gréine
 * Italian:, orologio solare, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: күн сағаттары
 * Khmer: នាឡិកាព្រះអាទិត្យ
 * Korean: 해시계
 * Lao: ນາລິກາແດດ
 * Latin: sōlārium hōrologium,
 * Latvian: saules pulkstenis
 * Leonese:
 * Ligurian: relêuio a sô
 * Lithuanian: saulės laikrodis
 * Lombard:
 * Macedonian: сончев часовник
 * Malay: jam matahari
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: karaka ātārangi
 * Mirandese:
 * Neapolitan:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: solur
 * Nynorsk: solur
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old English: sōlmerca, dæġmǣl
 * Ottoman Turkish: گونش ساعتی
 * Persian:
 * Piedmontese:
 * Plautdietsch: Sonnenklock
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, relógio do sol, ,
 * Romagnol:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: uaireadair-grèine
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: сунчаник, сунчани сат, сунчани часовник
 * Roman:, sunčani sat , sunčani časovnik
 * Sicilian: miridiana
 * Slovak: slnečné hodiny
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: reloj solar, reloj de sol
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: solur
 * Tagalog: oras-araw, kuwadrante
 * Tamil: சூரிய மணிகாட்டி
 * Telugu: నీడగడియారము, సూర్యఘంట
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: со́нячний годи́нник
 * Vietnamese: đồng hồ mặt trời
 * Volapük: solaglok
 * Walloon: cwadran solaire
 * Welsh: deial haul
 * Yiddish:

title: sundial


text:
pointer

Etymology
From or  (sense 10).

Noun

 * 1) Anything that points or is used for pointing.
 * 2)  One who points.
 * 3) A teacher's pointer, pointing stick, a rod with an arrow.
 * 4) A needle-like component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.
 * 5)   A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.
 * 6)  A variable that holds the address of a memory location where a value can be stored.
 * 7)  An icon that indicates the position of the pointing device, such as a mouse.
 * 8)  A tip, a bit of advice.
 * 9) Something that gives a point  to something.
 * 10)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1)   A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.
 * 2)  A variable that holds the address of a memory location where a value can be stored.
 * 3)  An icon that indicates the position of the pointing device, such as a mouse.
 * 4)  A tip, a bit of advice.
 * 5) Something that gives a point  to something.
 * 6)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1)  An icon that indicates the position of the pointing device, such as a mouse.
 * 2)  A tip, a bit of advice.
 * 3) Something that gives a point  to something.
 * 4)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1)  A tip, a bit of advice.
 * 2) Something that gives a point  to something.
 * 3)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1) Something that gives a point  to something.
 * 2)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1)  Something worth a given number of points.
 * 1)  Something worth a given number of points.

Translations

 * Bashkir: күрһәткес
 * Belarusian: ука́зка
 * Bulgarian: показа́лка
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 指示棍
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: Zeigestock, Zeigestab
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 文字さし,, 指し棒
 * Korean: 지시봉(指示棒)
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Malay: penuding
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Thai: ไม้ชี้
 * Ukrainian: ука́зка
 * Vietnamese: que chỉ

 * Bashkir: күрһәткес
 * Belarusian: ука́зка
 * Bulgarian: показа́лка
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * German: Zeigestock, Zeigestab
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 指し棒
 * Korean:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: işaret çubuğu
 * Ukrainian: ука́зка

 * Azerbaijani: ibrə
 * Belarusian: стрэ́лка
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Malay: jarum penunjuk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ка̀за̄љка
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: стрі́лка

 * Bulgarian: по́йнтер
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 指標犬
 * Finnish:, , kanakoira
 * French: ,
 * German: Vorstehhund,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: angol vizsla,
 * Ido:
 * Italian: puntatore, cane da punta,
 * Korean: 포인터
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: poyinter
 * Malay: anjing penuding
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: cù-eunaich
 * Spanish: perro de muestra, braco
 * Swedish:

 * Arabic: مُؤَشِّر
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:, по́йнтер
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: viit
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: bendir
 * Italian: puntatore
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 포인터
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Malay: penuding
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: pointer
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ка̀за̄љка, показѝва̄ч
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: вказівни́к
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian:
 * German:
 * Maori: tīwhiri
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pointer

Etymology 1
From, from the past participle of.

Verb

 * 1) to point to/at
 * 2)  to indicate, to show, to point out
 * 3)  to  clock in, clock on , to punch in ;  to clock out , clock off , to punch out  to enter or leave a workplace by punching a time card
 * 4)  to show up, turn up

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  dog

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  breed of hunting dog

Etymology
.

title: pointer


text:
Tucson

Etymology
From the, from the  , referring to  (colloquially known as '"A" Mountain') visible in the west of Tucson’s downtown area.

Translations

 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: Tsēē ídzísgoláné
 * Arabic: تَكْسُون,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 圖森
 * Farefare: Tʋksɔn
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Navajo: Tó oostsʼąʼ
 * O'odham: Cuk Ṣon
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: Tucsón

title: Tucson


text:
cacophony

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1) A mix of discordant sounds; dissonance.
 * 2) * 1921-1922, H. P. Lovecraft, Herbert West: Reanimator,
 * Not more unutterable could have been the chaos of hellish sound if the pit itself had opened to release the agony of the damned, for in one inconceivable cacophony was centered all the supernal terror and unnatural despair of animate nature.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish: kakofoni
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: malbelsoneco, malbonsoneco
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: cacofonía
 * Georgian: კაკაფონია
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: કર્કશોચ્ચાર
 * Hebrew: קקופוניה
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: какофо́нија
 * Maori: pararētanga, matioke, tātākī
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: kakofoni
 * Nynorsk: kakofoni
 * Persian: صدای گوشخراش
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: dihunig
 * Volapük: mimusig
 * Welsh: amherseinedd

title: cacophony


text:
migratory

Adjective

 * 1)  Migrating.
 * 2) Roving; wandering; nomadic.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, прелетен
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Irish: imirceach, aistreánach
 * Italian: ,
 * Northern Sami: bárbmo-
 * Polish:
 * Scottish Gaelic: imrich
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Welsh: ymfudol

title: migratory


text:
migrate

Etymology
From, past participle of.

Verb

 * 1)  To relocate periodically from one region to another, usually according to the seasons.
 * 2)  To change one's geographic pattern of habitation.
 * 3)  To change habitations across a border; to move from one country or political region to another.
 * 4)  To move slowly towards, usually in groups.
 * 5)  To move gradually, especially from an intended to an unintended position.
 * : To move computer code or files from one computer or network to another.
 * 1)  To induce customers to shift purchases from one set of a company's related products to another.
 * 1)  To move slowly towards, usually in groups.
 * 2)  To move gradually, especially from an intended to an unintended position.
 * : To move computer code or files from one computer or network to another.
 * 1)  To induce customers to shift purchases from one set of a company's related products to another.
 * : To move computer code or files from one computer or network to another.
 * 1)  To induce customers to shift purchases from one set of a company's related products to another.
 * : To move computer code or files from one computer or network to another.
 * 1)  To induce customers to shift purchases from one set of a company's related products to another.
 * 1)  To induce customers to shift purchases from one set of a company's related products to another.

Usage notes
Some people consider the jargonistic transitive form of this word to be improper, on the grounds that it is untraditional, and that if a transitive verb is to be constructed from migrate it should still be the subject that is doing the migrating. Alternatives include move, herd, transfer, or relocate. This objection is not widespread however, and migrate is the only term generally used to mean specifically the movement of computer code from one computer to another.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: migreer
 * Azerbaijani: köç etmək,
 * Bulgarian: мигрирам
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: migrere
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: migri
 * Finnish: ;
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: migrō
 * Norwegian: migrere
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, соверша́ть перелёт (birds)
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian: мигрирам
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Manchu: ᡤᡠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ
 * Maori: heke
 * Russian: ; ,

 * Bulgarian: емигрирам
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Northern Sami: fárret
 * Russian: ; ,

 * Bulgarian: мигрирам
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Russian: ,

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Japanese: 移行する
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: saada siirtymään
 * Russian:

 * Esperanto:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Japanese:, (1),  (for birds),  (for fish) (2)
 * Swedish: (1,2)

title: migrate


text:
pugnus

Etymology
From, from , , from. Near cognates include 🇨🇬. Related to.

Noun

 * 1) a fist; a hand with all fingers curled up
 * 2) a fistful, handful

title: pugnus


text:
migration

Etymology
From and its source,, from the participle stem of. Morphologically

Noun

 * 1) An instance of moving to live in another place for a while.
 * 2) Seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.
 * 3) Movement in general.
 * 4)  Instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one.
 * 5)  The movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations.
 * 1)  Instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one.
 * 2)  The movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Basque: migrazio
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: преселване
 * Catalan: migració
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 徙動,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: migrado
 * Finnish:, migraatio
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მიგრაცია, გადასახლება
 * German: Wohnsitzwechsel,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: μετανάστασις
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: imirce
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: migratio
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Migratschoon
 * Macedonian: преселба, селидба, миграција
 * Malay: migrasi, penghijrahan
 * Maori: hekenga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: migrasjon
 * Nynorsk: migrasjon
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: imrich
 * Slovene: migracija
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: ngibambayan
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: миграция
 * Catalan: migració
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მიმოფრენა, გადაფრენა , მიგრაცია
 * German:, , Vogelwanderung, , Vogelstrich, Tierwanderung
 * Greek: ,
 * Irish: imirce
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: کۆچ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Southern Kurdish: کووچ
 * Macedonian: преселба, миграција
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: trekk, migrasjon
 * Nynorsk: trekk, migrasjon
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: imrich
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük: bödatäv,  laudatäv

 * Bengali:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Japanese:
 * Persian:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  (of animals)
 * 2)  (of people)

Noun

 * 1)  movement from one place to another

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1) ; an instance of moving to live in another place for a while, often used in regards of immigration
 * 2)  ; seasonal moving for animals, as birds or fishes, to breed or find a new home
 * 3)  ; instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one
 * 1)  ; instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one

title: migration


text:
minivet

Etymology
1862.

Noun

 * 1) Any of about 13 species of passerine birds in the genus  of the cuckooshrike family of southern and eastern Asia.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 山椒鳥
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: Mennigvogel
 * Japanese: 山椒食
 * Korean: 할미새사촌
 * Spanish: minivet

title: minivet


text:
valuable

Adjective

 * 1) Having a great value.
 * 2) Estimable; deserving esteem.
 * 1) Estimable; deserving esteem.
 * 1) Estimable; deserving esteem.
 * 1) Estimable; deserving esteem.

Translations

 * Arabic:, ثَمِين
 * Belarusian: кашто́ўны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ძვირფასი, ფასეული, ღირებული
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: क़ीमती
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: verðmætur, verðmikill
 * Irish: mórluachach, luachmhar
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 값비싼, 귀중한,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بەنرخ
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin: pretiōsus
 * Lithuanian: vertingas
 * Malayalam: വിലപ്പെട്ട, വിലയേറിയ
 * Maori: marihi, ohooho
 * Norman: vaillabl'ye
 * Persian:, ارزشمند
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: prìseil, luachmhor, fiach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: вре́дан, драго̀цјен
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: cenný
 * Slovene: vredno, vreden
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: drogi
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: пурбаҳо
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: มีราคา, มีค่า
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: قیمتی
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Welsh:

Noun

 * 1)  A personal possession such as jewellery, of relatively great monetary value.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: arvotavara
 * French:
 * Georgian: ძვირფასეულობა, ძვირფასეული
 * German: ,
 * Greek: τιμαλφές
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Korean:
 * Polish:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: драго̀цјено̄ст
 * Roman:
 * Slovene: dragocenost
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: коштовність, дорогоцінність

title: valuable


text:
dial

Etymology
The original meaning was 'sundial' and/or 'clock dial'; from, from , from , because of its use in telling the time of day, from. Compare 🇨🇬 and.

Noun

 * 1) A graduated, circular scale over which a needle moves to show a measurement (such as speed).
 * 2) A clock face.
 * 3) A sundial.
 * 4) A panel on a radio etc showing wavelengths or channels; a knob that is turned to change the wavelength etc.
 * 5) A disk with finger holes on a telephone; used to select the number to be called.
 * 6)  A person's face.
 * 7) A miner's compass.
 * 1)  A person's face.
 * 2) A miner's compass.
 * 1) A miner's compass.
 * 1) A miner's compass.
 * 1) A miner's compass.
 * 1) A miner's compass.

Translations

 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܘܿܓ݂ܬܵܐ
 * Bulgarian: цифербла́т
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Maori: mataine
 * Polish:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Welsh: deial, deialau

 * Arabic: مُؤَشِّر
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܘܿܓ݂ܬܵܐ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: kanalvælger
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kanavanvalitsin
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Welsh: deial, deialau

 * Arabic: مِزْوَل, مُدَرَّجَة
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܘܿܓ݂ܬܵܐ
 * Bulgarian: телефо́нна ша́йба
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: rotační číselnice
 * Danish: drejeskive
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: valintalevy
 * French:
 * German:, Nummernschalter, Nummernscheibe
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: telefontárcsa
 * Italian: disco combinatore
 * Japanese: ダイヤル
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: tallskive
 * Persian: شماره‌گیر
 * Polish:
 * Russian:, , набо́рный диск
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, номеронабира́ч

 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Russian:

Verb

 * 1)  To control or select something with a dial, or (figuratively) as if with a dial.
 * 2)  To select a number, or to call someone, on a telephone.
 * 3)  To use a dial or a telephone.
 * 1)  To use a dial or a telephone.
 * 1)  To use a dial or a telephone.

Usage notes

 * The spellings and  are more common in the US.  and  are more common elsewhere.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Russian: ,

 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܘܸܓ݂
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 打電話
 * Danish: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hebrew: חייג
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 電話をかける
 * Korean: 전화-를 걸다
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: comharraich
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: ملانا
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian:

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 and its modern derivatives.

Noun

 * 1) revenge, vengeance

Verb

 * 1) to avenge, to get one's own back

Usage notes

 * This verb is followed by the preposition.

title: dial


text:
shark

Etymology 1
From (used by  in 1442 to refer to a kind of fish), of  origin. Most likely from a semantic extension of the -derived, see below. The fish was originally called a or  in English and Middle English.

Some older dictionaries derived the word from 🇨🇬, (from 🇨🇬), but admit that "the requisite [Old French] forms intermediate between E. shark and L. carcharus are not found, and it is not certain that the name [shark] was orig. applied to the fish; it may have been first used of a greedy man".

Other older authorities speculated that the word might derive from, as John Hawkins brought a specimen from the area where Mayan was spoken to England in the 1560s. However, the 1442 use rules out a New World origin for the word.

Noun

 * 1)  A scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head.
 * 2) * 1569, The true discripcion of this marueilous straunge Fishe, whiche was taken on Thursday was sennight, the xvi. day of June, this present month, in the yeare of our Lord God, M.D.lxix., a broadside printed in London, the second earliest known use of the term; reprinted in A Collection of Seventy-Nine Black-Letter Ballads and Broadsides: printed in the reigh of Queen Elizabeth, between the years 1559 and 1597 in 1867:
 * The straunge fishe is in length xvij. foote and iij. foote broad, and in compas about the bodie vj. foote; and is round snowted, short headdid, hauing iij. rankes of teeth on either iawe, [...]. Also it hath v. gills of eache side of the head, shoing white. Ther is no proper name for it that I know, but that sertayne men of Captayne Haukinses doth call it a sharke.
 * 1) The noctuid moth.
 * 2)  A university student who is not a fresher that has engaged in sexual activity with a fresher; usually habitually and with multiple people.
 * 1)  A university student who is not a fresher that has engaged in sexual activity with a fresher; usually habitually and with multiple people.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: аӷлам
 * Adyghe: хытыгъужъ, акул, хыхьэ
 * Afrikaans: haai
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ሻርክ
 * Arabic:, سَمَكَةُ الْقِرْش
 * Egyptian Arabic: سمكة القرش
 * Gulf Arabic: يريور
 * Hijazi Arabic: قرش
 * Iraqi Arabic: كوسج
 * Lebanese Arabic: كلب البحر
 * Moroccan Arabic: قرش, مراخو
 * Tunisian: ركان
 * Aragonese: tiburón
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: হাঙৰ, হাংগৰ
 * Asturian: tiburón, selacimorfo
 * Azerbaijani: köpək balığı,
 * Bashkir: акула
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: аку́ла
 * Bengali: ,
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:, esqual
 * Cebuano: iho
 * Chechen: гӏоркхма
 * Cherokee: ᏗᎧᏳᎦ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 鯊魚
 * Eastern Min: 鯊魚
 * Hakka: 鯊魚
 * Hokkien: 鯊魚
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 鯊魚
 * Chuvash: акула
 * Coptic:
 * Bohairic: ⲫⲱϧⲓ
 * Sahidic: ϣⲉⲛⲏⲧ
 * Cornish: morvleydh
 * Crimean Tatar: akula, köpek balığı
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: މިޔަރު
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: hávur
 * Fiji Hindi: nangio
 * Fijian: qio
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:, cailón, , marrago, , tabeirón
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Alemannic German: Hai
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σέλαχος
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guaraní: piraroto
 * Gujarati: શાર્ક
 * Haitian Creole: reken
 * Hawaiian: manō
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Iranun:
 * Irish: siorc
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Javanese: ꦲꦶꦪꦸ
 * Jingpho: ngăman
 * Kabuverdianu: tubaron, tibaron
 * Kalmyk: аврһ заһсн
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: pating, limpasut
 * Kazakh: акула
 * Khmer:, ត្រីឆ្លាម
 * Kongo: dukudaka
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: کۆسە
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:, ສະຫຼາມ
 * Latin: squalus
 * Latvian:, haizivis
 * Laz:
 * Ligurian: squæo
 * Limburgish:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: hai
 * Luxembourgish: ,
 * Macedonian: ајкула
 * Maguindanao: bagisan
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: ikan yu, ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: kelb il-baħar, xark
 * Manx: sharkagh
 * Maori: mangō
 * Maranao: begisan
 * Marathi: शार्क
 * Mi'kmaq: siglati
 * Middle Korean: 두루치
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: аварга загас, дулан загас
 * Mongolian: ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ, ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ
 * Murik (New Guinea): kaŋgoŋasen
 * Nauruan: ebawo
 * Navajo: łóóʼ hashkéhé
 * Ngazidja Comorian: panganyile, mbamba
 * Niuean: magō
 * Nivkh: ваӻс
 * Norman: cheurque,  hau,  chörk
 * North Frisian:
 * Föhr-Amrum: heifask
 * Northern Sami: háia
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: hai
 * Occitan:
 * Old Tupi: yperu
 * Pashto: منو
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Quechua: tiwrun
 * Rohingya:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: squagl
 * Russian:
 * Samoan: malie, magō
 * Samogitian: rīklīs
 * Scottish Gaelic: siorc, cearban
 * Serbo-Croatian: morski pas
 * Cyrillic: ајкула, мо̀рскӣ па̏с
 * Roman:, mòrskī pȁs
 * Shan: ပႃငမၢၼ်း
 * Sinhalese: මෝරා
 * Skolt Sami: akkli
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sundanese:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pating
 * Tajik:, кӯсамоҳӣ
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar:
 * Tausug: kaytan
 * Telugu: సొర చేప
 * Tetum: uu
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: གཏུམ་ཉ
 * Tlingit: chich.uwaa
 * Tok Pisin: sak
 * Tongan: ʻanga
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: شارک مچھلی, شارک
 * Uyghur: ئاكۇلا, لەھەڭ
 * Uzbek:
 * Veps: akul
 * Vietnamese:, cá nhám
 * Volapük:
 * Waray-Waray: pating
 * Welsh: morgi, siarc
 * Woleaian: pagow
 * Yakan:
 * Yiddish: הײַפֿיש, שאַרק
 * Yucatec Maya: xoc
 * Zulu:

Verb

 * 1)  To fish for sharks.
 * 2)  Of a university student who is not a fresher, to engage in sexual activity with a fresher, or to be at a bar or club with the general intention of engaging in such activity.

Etymology 2
From ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Someone who exploits others, for example by trickery, lies, usury, extortion.
 * 2)  A sleazy and amoral lawyer.
 * 3)  An ambulance chaser.
 * 4)  A relentless and resolute person or group, especially in business.
 * 5)  A very good poker or pool player. Compare fish (a bad poker player).
 * 6)  A person who feigns ineptitude to win money from others.
 * 1)  A very good poker or pool player. Compare fish (a bad poker player).
 * 2)  A person who feigns ineptitude to win money from others.

Usage notes

 * The use of the term by people unfamiliar with pool is rarely well perceived by experienced players.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Welsh: rheibiwr, twyllwr

 * Finnish:
 * Polish:

 * Finnish: ; ;

 * French:

Verb

 * 1)  To steal or obtain through fraud.
 * 2)  To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle.
 * 3)  To live by shifts and stratagems.
 * 1)  To live by shifts and stratagems.

Etymology 3
Probably from the "steal" senses above, but perhaps related to. Compare.

Verb

 * 1)  To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) shepherd's vest

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) shell (of certain fruits like nuts, hazel, chestnut etc)
 * 2) skin (that covers the seed of certain fruits like peach, grape, prunes etc)
 * 3) snake skin

Etymology
Of uncertain origin; see English.

Noun

 * 1)  shark

title: shark


text:
whale

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬; compare also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) Any one of numerous large marine mammals comprising an informal group within infraorder Cetacea that usually excludes dolphins and porpoises.
 * 2)  Any species of Cetacea.
 * 3)  Something, or someone, that is very large.
 * 4) * 1920 September, “A Reformed Free Lance” (pseudonym), “Doctoring a Sick Encyclopedia”, in The Writer, Volume XXXII, Number 9, page 131:
 * It was a whale of a job. It took two months, and the fair blush of youth off my cheeks.
 * 1)  Something, or someone, that is excellent.
 * 2) * 2002, Kathleen Benson, Philip M. Kayal, Museum of the City of New York, A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City, Syracuse University Press ISBN 9780815607397, page 54
 * My own father only wrote one poem in his life as far as I know, but it was a whale of a lyric, the kind you would give your whole life to write, which he did, but that is another story.
 * 1)  In a casino, a person who routinely bets at the maximum limit allowable.
 * 2)  An investor who deals with very large amounts of money.
 * 3)  A person who spends large amounts of money on things that are marketed to them.
 * 4)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * My own father only wrote one poem in his life as far as I know, but it was a whale of a lyric, the kind you would give your whole life to write, which he did, but that is another story.
 * 1)  In a casino, a person who routinely bets at the maximum limit allowable.
 * 2)  An investor who deals with very large amounts of money.
 * 3)  A person who spends large amounts of money on things that are marketed to them.
 * 4)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  An investor who deals with very large amounts of money.
 * 2)  A person who spends large amounts of money on things that are marketed to them.
 * 3)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  A person who spends large amounts of money on things that are marketed to them.
 * 2)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  An overweight person (usually a woman)
 * 1)  An overweight person (usually a woman)

Translations

 * Adyghe: джейхэр
 * Afrikaans:
 * Ainu: フンペ
 * Albanian:
 * Aleut: alax̂
 * Alutor: юӈюӈ, юӈый
 * Arabic:
 * Aragonese: ballena
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܩܐܛܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: তিমি, তিমি মাছ
 * Asturian:
 * Avar: кит
 * Azerbaijani: balina, kit
 * Basque:
 * Bau Bidayuh: paos, kien paos
 * Belarusian:
 * Bengali:
 * Biatah Bidayuh: paus
 * Bislama: welfis
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: balyena
 * Central Melanau: pauih
 * Chavacano: ballena
 * Chechen: докх
 * Cherokee: ᏓᏆ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 鯨魚
 * Dungan: җинйү
 * Eastern Min: 鯨魚
 * Hakka: 鯨魚
 * Hokkien:, 鯨魚
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 鯨魚
 * Chukchi: ръэв, ръэвыт
 * Cornish: morvil
 * Corsican: balena
 * Crimean Tatar: kit
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Elfdalian: wal
 * Emilian: baläṅna
 * Erzya: кит
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: vaal
 * Even: калим
 * Evenki: калим
 * Faroese:
 * Fijian: tavuto, tovuto
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Old French: balaine, baleine
 * Friulian: balene
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვეშაპი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: φάλλαινα, κῆτος
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guinea-Bissau Creole: baleia
 * Gujarati: વ્હેલ માછલી, તિમિ
 * Haida: kun, kung̱aawagan
 * Haitian Creole: balèn
 * Halkomelem: qwél:es
 * Hawaiian: koholā
 * Hebrew: לווייתן
 * Hindi: व्हेल,, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Iban: ikan bam
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Ilocano: balyena
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: kiitta
 * Inuktitut: ᐊᕐᕕᒃ
 * Inupiaq: agviq
 * Irish: míol mór
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , 勇魚
 * Javanese:
 * Kabardian:
 * Kalmyk: тул заһсн
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: dambuala
 * Karipúna Creole French: balén
 * Karok: ishkêet, ípar
 * Kashaya: pu·šu
 * Kazakh: кит, науан
 * Khmer:
 * Klamath-Modoc: Ɂalhaq
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: نەھەنگ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kwak'wala: g̱wa̱'ya̱m
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Ladino: balena
 * Lao: ວານ, ບາແລນ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: valis
 * Ligurian: balénn-a
 * Lingala: mondɛ́lɛ́
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard: balèna
 * Low German: Waal
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: кит
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: ikan paus,, lodan, mina
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: balena, baliena
 * Manchu: ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ
 * Manx: meeyl mooar
 * Maori: ika moana
 * Marathi: देवमासा
 * Mele-Fila: tafurā
 * Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭥𐭩
 * Moksha: кит
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ
 * Nahuatl:
 * Nanai: калима
 * Navajo: łóóʼtsoh
 * Nepali: तिमि
 * Ngarrindjeri: kondoli
 * Nivkh: кеӈ
 * Nootka: ʔiiḥtuup
 * Northern Sami: fális
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk: kval
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Okinawan: ぐじら
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: к҄итъ
 * Old East Slavic: китъ
 * Old English: hwæl
 * Old High German: wal
 * Old Tupi: pirapu'ã
 * Ottoman Turkish: آطه بالغی, بالنه
 * Palauan: medob
 * Pangasinan: lampasot
 * Pannonian Rusyn: кит
 * Pashto: نهنګ
 * Persian: ,
 * Piedmontese: balen-a
 * Plautdietsch: Waulfesch
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Rapa Nui: taʻoraha
 * Romagnol: baléna
 * Romani:
 * Vlax Romani:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: balena
 * Russian:
 * Saanich: ḰENES
 * Samoan: tafolā
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scots: whaul
 * Scottish Gaelic: muc-mhara
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кит, велриба
 * Roman:, velriba
 * Seri: ziix hapx coom, aasj
 * Sicilian:
 * Sie: tovura
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wjelryba
 * Upper Sorbian: wjelryba
 * Sotho:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: ,
 * Tahitian: tohorā
 * Tajik:, кит
 * Tamil: ,
 * Tatar: кит
 * Telugu: తిమింగలం
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ཆུ་སྲིན
 * Tigrinya: ዓሳ ነባሪ
 * Tongan: tofuāʻa
 * Tswana: leruarua
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: وہیل
 * Uyghur: كىت
 * Uzbek:
 * Venetian: bałéna
 * Vietnamese:, , cá ông voi,
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon: ballaînn
 * Welsh: ,
 * West Coast Bajau: paus
 * West Frisian: walfisk
 * Yámana: wápisa
 * Yiddish: וואַלפֿיש

Verb

 * 1)  To hunt for whales.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: velrybařit
 * Finnish: pyytää valaita

Etymology 2
. Perhaps a variant of influenced by, , etc.

Verb

 * 1)  To thrash, to flog, to beat vigorously or soundly.
 * 2) * 1852, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Why Mr Sellum disposed of the horse (chapter XIV in Works, volume 22):
 * Brought him back, put him in the stall—low stable—got out of his reach, and then begun to whale him. Then he kicked up agin;

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * German:

Etymology
Inherited from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A  or cetacean.
 * 2)  An oceanic monster.
 * 3)  The meat of the whale.

title: whale


text:
Talk:nicotinist

 * 17:35, 21 Mar 2004 . . Ugen64 (changes)
 * 19:50, 20 Mar 2004 . . RickK (VfD)
 * 19:36, 20 Mar 2004 . . 66.41.124.113 (Spelling)
 * 06:28, 3 Mar 2004 . . Liftarn

I'm a little uncertain about this: Is this an English word used by English-speakers in Sweden, or is it a Swedish word? Ortonmc 05:01, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

protologism or malapropism?
I would think this form of theword nicotine would refer to someone who sold it? This is a malapropism for nicotine addict at best, I think. Google (-wiki) lists patheticly few hits. --Connel MacKenzie 19:15, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:nicotinist


text:
إنجليزي

Etymology
, likely from.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to England
 * 2) Pertaining to English-speaking countries
 * 3) Pertaining to the English language

Noun

 * 1) Englishman
 * 2) English language

Etymology
From.

title: إنجليزي


text:
بريطاني

Noun

 * 1) British person, Briton

Adjective

 * 1) British
 * 2) Britannic

title: بريطاني


text:
اسلام

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Islam

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a delivering; a handing over; a resigning
 * 2) a resigning one's self to God and to His will
 * 3) a becoming Muslim: believing in one God, in His angels, prophets, scriptures, and providence, in his resuscitation and judgment of mankind hereafter according to desert, in justice and mercy

Proper noun

 * 1) the religion of Islam

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Islam

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Islam

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Islam

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Islam

Etymology
,.

Proper noun

 * 1) Islam

title: اسلام


text:
raison d'être

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Reason for being. The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone.
 * 2) * 1966, Maurice Godelier, Rationality and irrationality in economics, London, published by Francois Maspero, pg. 317 (quoted in Michael W. Coy, "Tugen Monopoly: Capitalism and Conflict in the Mountains of Kenya," Anthropology & Humanism Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1988, pg. 41, Full article - .pdf):
 * These raison d'etre and this evolution are not merely the achievement of men's conscious activity but are the unintentional results of their social activity.
 * 1) * 2003, Seta Fumihiko, Kim Chang-Gi, Lai Shen-Chiang and Onishi Takashi, Abstract for "A Study on the Transition of National Development Strategies in Korea, Taiwan and Japan, Characterized by Developmentalism" (「開発主義に特徴付けられた 日本・台湾・韓国の国土開発戦略の変遷についての一考察」), full paper is pp. 52-61 of "Proceedings", International Symposium on City Planning 2003, The City Planning Institute of Japan, Sapporo, Japan, Abstract:
 * National development plans and programs are in particular under harsh discussions and criticism including these raison d'etre in some countries, for these plans and programs have supported construction of rather inefficient infrastructure in less-development area.
 * 1) * 2007, Chambi Chachage, "Bringing African Studies Back to Africa: Beyond the ‘African-Africanist’ Divides," paper prepared for the 2nd AEGIS Conference on African Studies (ECAS) at the African Studies Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands, 11-14th July, 2007 (Abstract, Full paper - .doc):
 * With hindsight knowledge, it is interesting to note that these three raison d’etre and their ramifications were situated in a broader context of contestations over the whole enterprise of knowledge production and consumption.
 * National development plans and programs are in particular under harsh discussions and criticism including these raison d'etre in some countries, for these plans and programs have supported construction of rather inefficient infrastructure in less-development area.
 * 1) * 2007, Chambi Chachage, "Bringing African Studies Back to Africa: Beyond the ‘African-Africanist’ Divides," paper prepared for the 2nd AEGIS Conference on African Studies (ECAS) at the African Studies Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands, 11-14th July, 2007 (Abstract, Full paper - .doc):
 * With hindsight knowledge, it is interesting to note that these three raison d’etre and their ramifications were situated in a broader context of contestations over the whole enterprise of knowledge production and consumption.

Usage notes

 * As this is a foreign phrase, it is usually written in italics. However, some style guides such as those of the Chicago Manual of Style and The Economist assert that foreign words and phrases which have become familiar to English readers should not be italicized.

Translations

 * Arabic: سَبَب الْوُجُود
 * Catalan: raó de ser
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 存在的理由
 * Czech: smysl existence, příčina bytí, raison d'être, smysl bytí
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: olemassaolon syy, syy olla olemassa,
 * French:
 * German: ; ; ; Lebensbestimmung; ;
 * Hungarian: létindok, létok,
 * Italian: ragione d'esistere
 * Japanese: 存在理由, 生き甲斐
 * Korean: 존재이유(存在理由), 존재리유(存在理由)
 * Persian:
 * Polish: racja bytu
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: rațiune de a fi
 * Russian: смысл существова́ния
 * Slovene: raison d'être
 * Spanish: razón de ser
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: balungkaling
 * Turkish: / /

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) raison d'être

Noun

 * 1) raison d'être

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  reason for existence

title: raison d'être


text:
glutton

Etymology
From, from , , from.

The use for the wolverine is a, itself a folk etymology for *. The popular belief that the wolverine is particularly voracious only developed because of this name. See the German for more.

Adjective

 * 1) Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing.

Noun

 * 1) One who eats voraciously, obsessively, or to excess; a gormandizer.
 * 2)  One who consumes anything  voraciously, obsessively, or to excess.
 * 3)  The wolverine,.
 * 4)  A giant petrel.
 * 1)  The wolverine,.
 * 2)  A giant petrel.
 * 1)  The wolverine,.
 * 2)  A giant petrel.
 * 1)  A giant petrel.

Synonyms

 * see Thesaurus:glutton

Translations

 * Arabic: أَكَّال, شَرَه, نَهِم
 * Hijazi Arabic: طفس
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: лакомник,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: hakog
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Mandarin: 暴食者, ,
 * Czech:, nenasyta, obžera
 * Danish: fråser, frådser
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician: moulán,, , gulitrón, , alarbio, aldragón, broeiro, famoeiro, froia, garganteiro, almudre, , lambuzas, , , enchedoiro, gulipón
 * German:, , Völler
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: φάγος, γαστρίμαργος, τένθης, κάβαισος
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:, , svelgur
 * Ingrian: rapamako
 * Irish: amplóir, craosaire, sutha
 * Italian:, , , mangione
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin: helluō, lurcō, gluttō, mandūcō
 * Maori: houmea, kaihorohoro, kaihoro
 * Meru: kiragua
 * Norman: bouffeux, gouailleux , goumitre , mâfreux
 * Norn: glupni
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: fråsser, fråtser,, storeter
 * Nynorsk: fråtsar
 * Ottoman Turkish: اوبور, قاشیقجی
 * Plautdietsch: Välfros
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ждера
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:, hambrón, , ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:
 * Yoruba: abólóúnjẹkú, wọ̀bìà

 * Finnish:
 * German: Unersättlicher, Unersättliche
 * Greek:
 * Irish: amplóir
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: fråtser
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:

Verb

 * 1)  To glut; to satisfy (especially an appetite) by filling to capacity.
 * 2)  To glut; to eat voraciously.
 * 1)  To glut; to eat voraciously.
 * 1)  To glut; to eat voraciously.

title: glutton


text:
Injil

Etymology
From, from , ultimately from. .

Noun

 * 1)  gospel

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Gospel
 * 2)  the New Testament

title: Injil


text:
Teresa

Etymology
First recorded as the name of a fourth-century Spanish saint. Of obscure origin; suggestions include Therasia or Thera, ancient name of the Greek island Thira.

Proper noun

 * , the Spanish and Italian form of Theresa.

Related terms

 * Diminutives: Terri, Terry, Tess, Tessa, Tessy.

Translations

 * Arabic: تْيْرْيْزَا
 * Armenian: Թերեզա
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 特蕾莎, 特雷莎, 特麗薩, 特里薩, 德蕾莎
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Therese
 * Dutch: Trees
 * Esperanto: Tereza
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: Tereixa
 * Georgian: ტერეზა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hawaiian: Keleka, Kelekia
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: Treasa
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: テレサ
 * Korean: ^테레사
 * Latvian: Terēze
 * Maori: Terehia
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Тереза
 * Roman: Tereza
 * Sicilian: Tresa
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Vietnamese: Têrêsa

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Teresa: Teresuson
 * daughter of Teresa: Teresudóttir

Etymology
.

Etymology
. Suggestions include Therasia or Thera, ancient name of the Greek island Thira.

title: Teresa


text:
fine-structure constant

Noun

 * 1)  The fundamental physical value α, presumed to be constant, that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic force. Equal to about 1/137 = 0.0072973525.

Translations

 * Bengali: সূক্ষ্ম-গঠন ধ্রুবক
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: constante de structure fine
 * German: Feinstrukturkonstante
 * Portuguese: constante de estrutura fina
 * Russian: постоя́нная то́нкой структу́ры
 * Spanish: constante de estructura fina
 * Swedish: finstrukturkonstanten

title: fine-structure constant


text:
pays

Etymology
, from, derived from.

See related terms. Cognates include 🇨🇬. Borrowed into Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish as. Cognates in regional languages in France: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) land, country, region, nation
 * 2)  country

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) land; country; region

Etymology
From, from , derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  country

Derived terms

 * Les Pays Bas

title: pays


text:
Strasburg

Proper noun

 * , France.
 * , France.
 * , France.
 * , France.
 * , France.
 * , France.
 * , France.

Etymology
, from.

title: Strasburg


text:
salle à manger

Noun

 * 1) dining room

title: salle à manger


text: SSBM

title: SSBM


text:
isochronal

Etymology
From +  +.

Adjective

 * 1) Having the same duration.
 * 2) Happening at regular periods; isochronous, periodic.
 * 3)  Time-dependent.

Translations

 * Finnish: samanpituinen, isokroninen

 * Finnish:, , säännöllisesti toistuva, isokroninen

 * Finnish: isokroninen, aikariippuvainen

 * Irish: ,
 * Manx:

title: isochronal


text:
Talk:curriculum

When I got to this page I found "curriculum" defined as "resume" [sic]... I don't know offhand of "curriculum" being used by itself instead of "curriculum vitae" for that, so I moved it to Derived terms.... if anyone knows whether it has that use, it can be put back. —Muke Tever 17:22, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Latin entries
I am confused by the presence of indefinite articles on the definitions in the Latin section. Does the word have to refer specifically to "a race" and not "the race" or is this a mistake? cwbr77 (talk) 14:21, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

I'm not seeking a change to the entry, but would like to understand why the plural of the Latin curriculum is not curriculae. I don't know any more Latin than any other native English-speaking college grad from the U.S., which is to say not much.

 * I've been trying to come up with an example from English to explain with, but I can't think of any. I can point out that curriculum was a 'second declension' noun, with singular ending '-um' and plural '-a'. The '-ae' ending comes from 'first declension' nouns, which in the singular end in '-a'. An example of a first declension noun would be formula, hence formulae, and rota, hence the oddness (I feel it's odd, anyway) of "rotas"; in Latin it would have been rotae. Given the page we're on, it's worth noting that "vitae" in "curriculum vitae" isn't a plural, but a genitive (a form of words roughly meaning "of X"), so it seems to mean "race of life". cwbr77 (talk) 21:52, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I think it's "course of life". Equinox ◑ 10:20, 16 May 2015 (UTC)

 * That makes more sense. I suppose it was probably coined while the word was in use by English speakers. cwbr77 (talk) 09:21, 17 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:curriculum


text:
Appendix:Latin fifth declension

Description
Latin nouns of the fifth declension end in -ēs in the nominative singular, with a genitive in -ēī (after -i-) or in -ĕī (after consonant), and have an invariable stem. Other than, , and , fifth-declension nouns generally end more specifically in -iēs. Some nouns show variation between fifth-declension forms in -iēs and first-declension forms in -ia.

All fifth declension nouns are feminine except (which was originally masculine, but came to be used in some circumstances as a feminine) and derivatives or compounds of diēs, such as.

Declension paradigm
Other than and, most fifth declension nouns are unused or uncommon in the plural. In particular, genitive plural forms other than diērum, rērum and dative/ablative plural forms other than diēbus, rēbus are rare, although some occur; nominative or accusative plural forms in -ēs are somewhat less rare.

There is a closed set of locative singular forms in -ē, mainly temporal expressions: examples include, ,. When used in isolation, forms like these can be analyzed as adverbs rather than nouns: however, their original status as locative-case nouns is shown by expressions that contain an agreeing adjective in the locative case. Aulus Gellius (Noctes Atticae 10.24) describes expressions such as "diequinti"/"diequinte" as compound adverbs ("adverbio copulate") and attributes their use to to the time of Cicero and his predecessors.

Examples
Ending in -iēs: Ending in consonant + -ēs:
 * diēs, diēī
 * speciēs, speciēī
 * rēs, reī
 * fidēs, fideī,

title: Appendix:Latin fifth declension


text:
amass

Etymology
From (found only as 🇨🇬), from, from , from  +. See.

Verb

 * 1)  To collect into a mass or heap.
 * 2)  to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate.
 * 3)  To accumulate; to assemble.
 * 1)  To accumulate; to assemble.
 * 1)  To accumulate; to assemble.
 * 1)  To accumulate; to assemble.

Synonyms

 * ,, , , ; see also Thesaurus:pile up
 * ,, , , ; see also Thesaurus:amass

Translations

 * Arabic:, حَشَّدَ, رَكَّمَ
 * Bulgarian:, стру́пам, , ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, nahromadit, , nakupit
 * Esperanto: amasigi
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Ido:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: accumulō
 * Malay:
 * Marathi: साठवणे
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , , ,  , ,  , ,
 * Slovak: kopiť, nakopiť, hromadiť
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh: ,

Noun

 * 1)  A large number of things collected or piled together.
 * 2)  The act of amassing.
 * 1)  The act of amassing.
 * 1)  The act of amassing.
 * 1)  The act of amassing.

title: amass


text:
amateur

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A lover of something.
 * 2) A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.
 * 3) Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.
 * 1) Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.
 * 1) Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: هَاوٍ, هَاوِيَة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: һәүәҫкәр
 * Belarusian: ама́тар, ама́тарка, любі́цель, любі́целька, любі́цельніца, ахво́тнік, ахво́тніца
 * Bulgarian:, аматьо́рка, , люби́телка
 * Cherokee: ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎩ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, amatérka
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: amatoro
 * Estonian: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მოყვარული
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: חוֹבְבָן
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: amaitéarach
 * Italian:, , , , hobbista
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: әуесқой
 * Khmer: អ្នកចូលចិត្ត
 * Korean:, 비직업
 * Kyrgyz: өзөнчү
 * Ladino: aferrado, amator (Monastir)
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: mėgėjas
 * Macedonian: амате́р, амате́рка, ла́ик, љу́бител, љуби́телка
 * Malay: amatur
 * Maori: runaruna, ringarapa
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: amatør
 * Nynorsk: amatør
 * Persian:, هوسکار, غیرحرفه‌ای
 * Polish:, amatorka
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ама̀те̄р, ама̀те̄рка, љу̀битељ, љубитѐљица
 * Roman:, , ,
 * Slovak: amatér, amatérka
 * Slovene: amater, amaterka,, ljubiteljica
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: ҳаваскор, ҳаводор
 * Tatar:
 * Thai: มือสมัครเล่น
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian:, , люби́тель, люби́телька
 * Urdu: شوقیہ
 * Uyghur: ھەۋەسكار
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Czech:, amatérka
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: დილეტანტი, არაპროფესიონალი
 * German:, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: חוֹבְבָן
 * Hindi: अनुभवहीन व्यवसायी
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: amaitéarach
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: амате́р, амате́рка
 * Maori: runaruna, ringarapa
 * Polish:, amatorka
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ама̀те̄р, ама̀те̄рка
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: มือสมัครเล่น

 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin:, ,
 * Swedish:

Adjective

 * 1) Non-professional.
 * 2) Created, done, or populated by amateurs or non-professionals.
 * 3) Showing a lack of professionalism, experience or talent.
 * 1) Showing a lack of professionalism, experience or talent.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Maori: runaruna
 * Polish:
 * Thai: สมัครเล่น

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 不專業
 * Finnish: aloittelijamainen,
 * Georgian: სამოყვარულო
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: amaitéarach
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:, ,

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) amateur

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, which was inherited from the same source but disappeared by the 15th century.

Noun

 * 1) amateur; hobbyist
 * 2) lover of something
 * 1) lover of something

Adjective

 * 1) amateur, amateurish

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  (non-professional)

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) amateurish,

Noun

 * 1)  person attached to a pursuit without pursuing it professionally

title: amateur


text:
amati

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to observe

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) paternal blood aunt one's father's sister

title: amati


text:
amazement

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.
 * 2)  A particular feeling of wonder, surprise, fear, or horror.
 * 3)  Something which amazes.
 * 4)  Madness, frenzy.
 * 1)  Something which amazes.
 * 2)  Madness, frenzy.
 * 1)  Something which amazes.
 * 2)  Madness, frenzy.
 * 1)  Madness, frenzy.
 * 1)  Madness, frenzy.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian:, , , изумяване
 * Cantonese: 神奇
 * Czech:, ohromení
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: θάμβος
 * Hindi:
 * Manx: ard-yindys
 * Maori: māharotanga
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , , ,
 * Romanian:, , , ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: paghanga

title: amazement


text:
amazingly

Adverb

 * 1) In an amazing manner; in a way that causes amazement; wonderfully.
 * 2) Difficult to believe; strange but true.
 * 3) To a wonder-inspiring extent.
 * The car has amazingly low fuel consumption.
 * 1) To a wonder-inspiring extent.
 * The car has amazingly low fuel consumption.
 * 1) To a wonder-inspiring extent.
 * The car has amazingly low fuel consumption.
 * The car has amazingly low fuel consumption.

Translations

 * Arabic: عَجَبًا
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: hämmästyttävän, hämmästyttävästi
 * French:, ,
 * German: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: すごく
 * Latin: mirābiliter
 * Polish: zdumiewająco, zaskakująco
 * Portuguese:, fantasticamente
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: hämmästyttävästi, kuin ihmeen kaupalla
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: zdumiewająco, zaskakująco
 * Portuguese:, surpreendentemente
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Arabic: عَجَبًا
 * Armenian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: hämmästyttävästi
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hindi: :
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: :
 * Korean: :
 * Mandarin: 惊人的
 * Portuguese:, fantasticamente
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Vietnamese: đáng kinh ngạc
 * Walloon:

title: amazingly