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Template talk:head

This is a great idea
Right now, I think this is a great idea. I can't tell immediately what the template is doing, from looking at it though. I'd think it would be just three simple parameters, with no ParserFunction trickery, but I'll comment on that later, when I've deciphered it. Excellent initiative! --Connel MacKenzie 09:31, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I also considered simply adding a "lang=" parameter to all the inflected form templates. That would be sort of the opposite approach to this one, with the benefit of not overloading any single template too heavily.  Just a thought...  --Connel MacKenzie 09:33, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * This I don't understand. The inflection line templates (en-noun) have lots of very language specific stuff; a "noun" template with a "lang=" parameter would be impossible. (well; not with language specific helper templates ...) The definition line templates (plural of) don't have any use for the language parameter? Robert Ullmann 15:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC) Okay, I understand part of it, is categorizing things as English, which is a real  problem. This can be fixed in several ways. Robert Ullmann 19:48, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Thanks! It does use a lot of parser functions, but it is fairly straight-line. Just about all of the complexity is to make it simpler for the user, all of the parameters are optional in one way or another. A basic principle of computer programming is that modules should hide complexity. Most, if not all, simple forms will work the way you would expect:

 *  (plural foos)
 * and so on ...
 *  (plural foos)
 * and so on ...
 * and so on ...
 * and so on ...

What it does is:

 * if there is a script specified, use that template, else bold of pagename
 * if there is a gender specified, use the gender template
 * if there are parameters after the POS, generate parenthesis
 * then for each pair, italicise the first, bold and wikify the second
 * generate spaces and commas as needed
 * generate close paren if needed
 * if the language/POS category exists, categorize there, using sort key or pagename
 * else in language category if it exists, ditto

all while not generating any spurious carriage returns so things on the inflection line before or after the template will work as expected. Robert Ullmann 15:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * This doesn't do the <span> stuff that makes the other inflection templates able to display as ugly boxes? Or did I miss that?  --Connel MacKenzie 10:23, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * No, it doesn't. Those templates rely heavily on knowing that they are generating a fixed number of forms. For example, en-noun knows it is generating two, and has the column width wired to 1/2 (49.75%). It might be possible to do something, but it would get pretty convoluted. I think it would take having several helper templates that did boxes (infl-box2, infl-box3) of different columns, then calling them based on whether parameter 3, 5, 7, etc was the last one used. Mind you those same helper templates might be very useful in standardizing the box-presentation of the language specific templates! Robert Ullmann 13:19, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Optionality of categories
I do not understand why you do a test whether the POS category exists, or whether the language category exists. If they don’t, they simply deserve to be created, since there is a word in our dictionary which fits in there. In the long term, they all have to be created, right? H. (talk) 09:00, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Because I envisioned it being used for a lot of rare languages in which the POS cats are probably not useful. When you consider a language (of which there are many thousands) that has few or no remaining speakers, and where we know (and will only ever know) only a very small number of words, it is probably best just to put them in the language category. Robert Ullmann 09:11, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Template name
Since many (although a definite minority) of the languages here are not inflected, we may want to reconsider our jargon inflection line. headword line seems more appropriate. There is certainly no pressing need to change the name of this template, but I reserved the name as a redirect to  so we have the option to migrate at some later date. Rod (A. Smith) 23:20, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Missing genders
Would it be possible to add "g" as a possibility under the gender parameter to include categorization for "X nouns lacking gender"? It would be like including. For an example,   would put the article under Category:Italian nouns lacking gender. I don't really know how to explain this any better, being the airhead I am :D I'd add this in myself, but I'm not the best with those codes and I don't want to screw anything up. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 15:22, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It would be possible (easy), but somewhat "magic", therefore confusing ... I'd just put on the line, so the request template is clear. You think? Robert Ullmann 15:26, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Added it (as I said, easy). But it still might be better to use the g template separately ... Robert Ullmann 15:37, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I just figured it'd be easier to have everything in one template. luna (and lunã and I'm guessing other things) don't like this new function in the infl template. lol Guess you fix'd it. :] — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 15:44, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Non-Latin bold.
I understand and support the desire not to bold non-Latin text, but the problem is that our script templates aren't designed for this use; they give normal-looking text, sometimes even a bit smaller/less bold-looking than English depending on fonts. I think maybe <big> tags or something should be added when a non-Latin script is specified? Alternatively, perhaps it could pass in a  parameter to the script template, which script templates can be updated to support. (I suppose we could simply have entirely separate script templates for inflection lines — and so on — but that seems a bit kludgy.) Thoughts? —Ruakh TALK 04:06, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

 * yes, this isn't handled quite correctly yet (the other thing is that the sc= should be used for the forms as well as the headword). Passing a fixed parameter to the script templates isn't a bad idea. Let me noodle this a bit. Usually "125%" or something is better than "big". The Arab template does always make things bigger (the default size being teensy, to the point where I can't read it). But this case is a bit different. Robert Ullmann 10:34, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The sc=Grek argument produces non-bold text, see ανέκδοτο. Is the problem soluble - has the discussion moed on elsewhere? — Saltmarsh απάντηση 10:54, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * There is more discussion re Cyrillic and bold below. There are several interrelated things going on. We want to bold some specific subset of the scripts. I should spend some more time on this, I suppose ;-) Robert Ullmann 11:39, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Language-specific links
If a linked form lacks wiki markup, it should probably link directly to the language-specific section of the target page, right? Rod (A. Smith) 17:31, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd agree, but uses  which can't take a lang parameter. I just proposed that. We'll see if there's support for that change or if there's a workaround. --Bequw 13:23, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Requests for deletion/Others - kept
Kept. See archived discussion. 09:47, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Works poorly with suffixes
This template poorly handles, failing to place it into the proper category. From looking into the code, I conjecture the following cause: There is the Category:Czech suffixes, but the template only looks for the existence of Category:Czech suffixs, assuming that the formation of the plural is by adding "s" instead of "es". --Daniel Polansky 17:10, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * You have to do . It's annoying. I think suffix and prefix are common enough to be special-cased; or maybe we should create a that's identical but adds an e? —Ruakh TALK 17:29, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Another related thing that could be stand to be fixed are things like this: (cf. ぇ). If a category exists without the "s" suffix, it should be used without having to duplicate the POS in "cat". Mike Dillon 23:53, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Re: "If a category exists without the 's' suffix": You're brilliant! Somehow it didn't occur to me that we could make use of #ifexist:. It's a bit ugly, but we can check for the existence of -s, -es, and -Ø categories before falling back to the generic language category. No special-casing necessary. (Well, except insofar as testing three specific kinds of category naming constitutes "special-casing".) —Ruakh TALK 01:49, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately the implementation of #ifexist is not very good; it adds to the links table (it didn't used to), so one would end up with (say) Category:Japanese hiraganas appearing as a much-wanted entry. (*sigh*). Something might be done here though ;-) Robert Ullmann

With an un-broken #ifexist (which we used to have ...) that didn't add to the links table, I'd use that. I'd prefer now to not use the #ifexist test at all; the idea was to put "small" languages into just the "(language) language" cat, but there really isn't any reason why they can't or shouldn't have POS subcats, even if tiny. So I think I will take out the #ifexist test(s) completely, and use a short #switch (which adds little overhead, certainly much less that #ifexist, which has to do a SELECT ;-). So suffix, prefix, infix, affix will get handled, and probably a few others sometime. (Using "hiragana" as a POS cat is not correct, ぇ should be using "cat=kana") Robert Ullmann 13:13, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Done. Tell me if you see trouble. Robert Ullmann 13:48, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Please add circumfix and interfix. - T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 07:54, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

or
I have a problem at the Norwegian section of ministerium where the definite plural entry has two entries. Could or perhaps be made a parameter? __meco 22:03, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe like suppressing the comma if the descriptive word is "or" or "and"? Indeed. Will get on it (a bit busy at this very moment, and I want to look at the previous issue above as well; infl is used in enough entries that it would be good to edit it once. Robert Ullmann 11:42, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Of course, I just had to do an edit it now to remove the desc= param that produces invalid format.

 * For now, just use "or" and I'll get rid of the spurious comma(s) presently. Robert Ullmann 17:38, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Comma is suppressed before odd parameters = "or". Robert Ullmann 13:58, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Comma should also be suppressed before "and". For example Georgian noun has two plurals and they are not exactly the same (aka interchangeable) because there're connotation- and context- related differences. Obviously "or" is not appropriate here.--Dixtosa (talk) 15:49, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
 * test:.
 * I love being invisible, it makes me feel i am a ninja. yoo XD--Dixtosa (talk) 20:04, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Without commenting on whether or not the comma should be suppressed, is it the case that "or" isn't appropriate? In entries like learn or medium, where the difference in forms is dialectal or sense-based, I always see "or", and it seems appropriate, inasmuch as form is either x 'or' y, depending on context or sense. - -sche (discuss) 20:43, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

rm desc= parameter
This is bad format, a "description" should be the first thing inside the parenthesis. If some text other than the standard genders is desired in the gender position, it is sufficient to use g=

Removed, entries added to a cleanup cat. (Category:infl template parameter cleanup which note doesn't have to exist) Robert Ullmann 17:29, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * note that "invariant" is a number, and we have (noting that we may end up with a language code conflict someday, but not for now). So g=inv is valid, as is  g= . (Although that is a bad example, it should be g=m|g2=inv.)

 * other things should go in the parens, often with two pipes to skip the link parameter and go on to the form(s). Robert Ullmann 13:02, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Think we've got them all. Robert Ullmann 13:32, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Category plurals and defaults
I had fixed this, but Connel removed the code again. Presumably because of a number of entries that were using the POS type parameter incorrectly; it is the entries themselves that need to be fixed. This makes it possible to find them.

Template no longer incorrectly categorizes in "(name) language" where entries should never appear. Robert Ullmann 15:16, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

No bold for Cyrillic headwords
Headwords are not bolded when I add the sc=Cyrl parameter (for Cyrillic script). From above, I'm guessing that this is not by design, but necessary out of expedience.

Un-bolding the headword reduces the appearance, consistency, and readability of an entry (as does the application of the Arial Unicode MS font). Can this be fixed, or should I just leave out the sc=Cyrl parameter for now?

Here's an example, from батяр. The first looks correct in my browser (Safari/Mac). The second has "sc=Cyrl" added, and includes bold links but the headword fades away in a non-matching font.

Is there any way to correct the behaviour? —Michael Z. 17:50, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Indeed. There are non-Latin scripts we don't want to bold. So the template is using the presence or absence of sc to decide whehter to bold. This isn't the right test, and we haven't sorted it. It is similar to the issue of increasing the size for some scripts, where the same script template in running text should not.

 * (other note) the attributes should be spelled out:

 * only using the abbreviated gender template(s) for the headword form. Helps make it a bit clearer and consistent with other templates (like en-noun, which spells out "plural") Robert Ullmann 18:05, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I guess the best solution is to keep the data consistent and complete by including the "sc=Cyrl" parameter, and be patient for a fix, right?  I can see problems arising from trying to use a workaround.

 * Will someone knowledgeable be working on this, or should I start learning about conditionals and try to improve the template? —Michael Z. 18:52, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * If this template had a  around each element in the foreign script with a consistent class, we could use CSS rules to do the contextual bolding. The rule would target ".RU" inside of the class used by infl and set font-weight to "bold" or "bolder". Mike Dillon 04:56, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Word. Likewise, it could target ".scHebr" and ".AR" and the like and set font-size to "120%" or "125%" or so. —Ruakh TALK 12:07, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * That's one possible direction. Another point is made above under "Options": Note that most invocations of should be fairly simple; if a significant language requires a complex call a large amount of the time (such as using sort= in every entry), the language should probably have its own templates. A {uk-noun} template could do (force) a number of things. In at least one case (I wish I could recall) someone wrote a language-specific template that works by calling {infl}. A third way is to have a context parameter to the script templates, doing much what the CSS would. There are a number of trade-offs. (I'm a bit busy doing similar stuff for the {t} links, so don't want to dig into this right at the moment ;-) Robert Ullmann 12:30, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It seems awkward to have all those language classes in the style sheet, and be overriding them with inline CSS. Wouldn't it be better to retain simple semantic HTML, remove inline styles, and rely on classes and style sheets with contextual selectors for the presentation?  This is most accessible for users of e.g., text, audio, and braille browsers, as well as for users of other skins and user style sheets.  It could also be abstracted to work logically across different templates and simplify authoring and overriding.  The only obstacle I see is the cache lag, but that just gives us the opportunity to plan things out well.

 * In terms of semantic HTML, it would be better not to remove the <b> element, but instead to restyle it for most foreign-language scripts (<strong> would be arguably better than <b>). Since we already have classes like .RU in the style sheet, it would be efficient and less redundant to use the class name in the HTML. We could keep the code simpler by inserting , and applying a stylesheet rule like   (depending on the HTML, the selector could be   or  ). The CSS rule could coexist inline for a month until the caches catch up.

 * Is there a place where all of the important templates, styles and classes are listed? The cache lag gives us a chance to do some good coördination here. —Michael Z.

Missing lang parameter
Omission of the language parameter leads to odd occurrences like Category:nouns (glândula) and Category:proper nouns (Aedes). Can we have some solution, like a cleanup category or something, instead? Dmcdevit·t 01:50, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The issue here is that the language code (the second parameter in this template was not given, it should be for Kabuverdianu. I've amended both entries accordingly. --Williamsayers79 07:39, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Doh! - should read the posts better! - yes we do need to have a tidy up category if the lang template is not used.--Williamsayers79 07:43, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Really something of a bug, the cat should have #if(lang) wrapped around it. Whether the else clause should have a cleanup cat is a separable issue; the template was intended to work without the code, but that got broken along the way. Note that is supposed to work by itself. I'll fix this ... do we want a cat for "language code missing"? Robert Ullmann 13:48, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Use with idiom phrase
I attempted to bring out each word of the phrase slå noe i hartkorn med noe but was unsuccessful. Could someone take a look at this? __meco 18:41, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. The parameter name for this is head, not pos.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 18:45, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Help appreciated. __meco 19:06, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Using this template for lengthy English idioms
For a tidier appearance and following a practice I first noticed DCDuring employing, I have begun to use this template with lengthy English idioms, where a display of verb inflections is not desirable, nor a display of noun plurals or adjectival or adverbial comparatives, nor even messages like not comparable. The major advantage of using this template (rather than just a bolded header) is that it allows the POS to be specified within the template and automatically categorizes the entry by POS (see, for example, go the whole hog or in hot water). Does anyone have a problem with this practice? -- WikiPedant 14:39, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I certainly don't. Personally I do like to display inflections for the verb-y idioms up to three or four verbs (though it's annoying that they're links, since they'll just be redirects back to the lemma entry), but if another editor prefers to use, I certainly don't object. It's a wiki, we've got editorial discretion. :-) —Ruakh TALK 23:04, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Loading transliteration templates based on ISO code
So basically I've opened संस्कृत in IE and it shows empty squares where 'ṃ' and 'ṛ' should stand in the headline transliteration - obviously IE didn't load necessary fonts. Using <tt> tr= </tt> inside {infl} fixed the problem. So basically I'm saying that {infl} should automagiacally load some language-specific templates like {IAST} for Sanskrit (or other Indic languages that use IAST as default transliteration), semxlit for Semitic etc. wherever the transliteration scheme uses characters that certain browsers tend not to display properly. Should probably managed by some large switch-statement in some external template --Ivan Štambuk 14:56, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

 * FYI: Safari/Mac, Firefox/Mac, and Firefox/WinXP seem to do fine with the default system fonts. We do need default mechanisms to set a term's script and font based on language, a transliteration's font based on script, and to set lang="" attributes everywhere.  This is complex and will take a lot of editors' time and effort (I'm still half-way through undoing my style-sheet mix-up in trying to sort out what we have already built to support various browsers).  In the short run, it may serve our readers who want to use a multilingual dictionary if we recommended a browser which actually supports Unicode. —Michael Z. 2008-11-26 19:56 z

 * That sounds fine. I always felt that there was a need for a simple skeleton template that would provide basic functionality of linking to L2 sections based on Wiktionary Language Code and displaying transliterations, and upon which {t}, {l}, {term}, {infl} and others would build upon. --Ivan Štambuk 23:36, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

 * It isn't done because of the "large switch statement in some external template". Because of the way the template language works, it always expands every branch. So that "large switch" will get invoked for every single use of {infl} (or whatever) even though needed in a tiny fraction of cases. The explosion in server load is not acceptable. The correct solution is to use {IAST} as you mention above, or to simply create proper tempate(s) for the language, and just do everything needed. (this is also why creating a "simple skeleton" template with various options to be used by others is a very bad idea: the template language is simply not a procedural programming language even though we would like it to be, and even though the parser conditionals make it look like it is!) Robert Ullmann 10:39, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Of course, the proper solution to all such problems is "Do Not Use IE". Robert Ullmann 10:45, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

In this particular case, we might consider always wrapping the tr= parameter in class=Unicode, which specifies a set of fonts to try to get coverage in IE, and defaults (:inherit) for all other browsers (e.g. has no effect on other browsers). (All {IAST} does is set class to Unicode and IAST, and the IAST class just sets text-decoration:none.) {semxlit} just sets fonts to Tahoma and Lucida Sans Unicode, both of those are in the class=Unicode list. If someone uses an explicit template inside that (as Ivan did), it will just over-ride the outer Unicode class. Robert Ullmann 11:05, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * That would also be fine (if it fixes the problem for IE users). The expand-all behavior of MediaWiki template language is very strange IMHO. Its syntax is barely stomachable, and the lack of some lazy strategy for template transclusion significantly burdens the mind of the end-user and cripples the possibilities for some "clean" usage, favoring obscure tricks to established and wide-spread programming patterns.
 * The reason that the template language seems queer to you is that you only know of procedural programming languages. The template language is not. The "wide-spread programming patterns" are what procedural languages do (do this, then do this, then if this do that 10 times). The template language isn't thus. One reason for confusion is things like #if, and #switch, which make it look like something it isn't. For example: you see . In a procedural language you are telling the computer: "evaluate p, then if (true/non-blank/whatever) evaluate a, else ignore a, and evaluate b". But the template language works by successive text transclusion:   means "expand p, a, and b, and pass the resulting strings to #if, which returns a if p is non-blank, and b otherwise".
 * If you try to think of the template language as a procedural programming language, you will fry your brain. (-) see this extended explanation for more. Robert Ullmann 07:54, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a really interesting tutorial in the GP. So basically arbitrary depth recursion by redirects like what {context} is doing makes the MediaWiki template language Turing-complete? That would mean that that it's undecidable when and whether the browser will render the page powered by MW if it uses template language ^_^
 * I'm aware of the existence of non-procedural PL paradigms, but am still bewildered in this case why there there lacks some kind of short-circuit evaluation mechanism for template transclusion, based on the result of the preceding conditional. The end-result would be the same if the  and   got expanded after the evaluation of (expanded).
 * BTW, I think that this behaviour is a security risk too. The 2M limit on the template transclusion can be circumvented by using subpages that are themselves transclused in the upper page (like some Appendix pages that contain large listings are already doing), and by chaining this in a page/subpage/subpage/.. manner you can get exponentially growing memory consumption on the server-side (unless they keep sending data to the browser as they transclude it..I don't know how MW sw works).. --Ivan Štambuk 08:20, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
 * There is no difference between transcluding a "template" and a subpage. The only thing "Template:" is is a default namespace when using the transclusion syntax. So using subpages (or whatever) still smacks you into the 2M limit. There is a trick for preventing expansion of one conditional branch, that is to use the result of a conditional to generate the name of a template to be included. This is how {context} stops the recursion. As to Turing: given a specific finite set of pages in a wiki, any given invocation is decidable in finite time. Could be very large, but the recursion is bounded by the number of {name N} redirects for a template, and that is in turn bounded by the finite size of the wiki (-) Robert Ullmann 08:42, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
 * OK but how do you explain that Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots doesn't hit the 2M limit, but if you copy paste all the transcluded subpages in one page and save you hit the 2M limit and half of templates do not expand at all? Looks like the 2M limit is fixed on per-page basis..--Ivan Štambuk 08:35, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
 * There are "pre-expand" and "post-expand" limits. For that page:

NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 103524/1000000 Post-expand include size: 1538942/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 134926/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 63/500

 * So it doesn't hit the 2M limit as it goes through the subpages, and ends up at ~1.5M; if you paste all the subpages in, it runs into the limit midway, as there is more text in the (overall) page at that point. One can cause the server to expand and discard many megabytes of data as it goes, but it will only have at most 2M at any given point (or it will stop expanding). So there is no way to cause a server storage over-run. There is also a limit on the CPU and/or wall time (I forget which ;-). Robert Ullmann 11:32, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

 * The cases where class=Unicode would not be acceptable (i.e. where fonts for transliteration are specific and not handled by Unicode class) should probably be handled in language-specific set of templates. --Ivan Štambuk 14:54, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

In the long run, I think it can be done by choosing a template instead of using a parser function, exactly how {term} chooses between 160 or more scripts based on the input sc=Deva choosing the template {Deva}. I suspect that {term} would send something like rom=IAST to the script template, and the script template would apply its preferred style or class to the contents of tr=foo.

That's just a guess, but I've been thinking about how to correctly add lang="fo" xml:lang="fo" everywhere. —Michael Z. 2008-11-27 17:11 z
 * Not that I understand you completely, but it would be great if it could work anyhow. Now that I think about this, and things like {lang2sc} (which is still unused but has potential to be, and faces the same giant-switch problem), it appears to me that it would be the best to forget the whole thing and assign AutoFormat to scan ISO code inside the specific set of templates like {t}, {term} etc. and apply appropriate script templates for both the main entries and transliterations (<tt>sc-trans=</tt>?). --Ivan Štambuk 02:43, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, why not get AutoFormat to do this? I don't know of any exceptions where the script shouldn't be added, except that in most cases sc=Latn is redundant (with the exception in turn of Serbian, sr-Latn, and any other languages without a single default script).

 * But I will eventually develop and test a default mechanism, whereby each lang=xx tag can have its own default script associated with it—a sc=Xxxx parameter would only be used to override a language's default. If it works out, we may eventually get AutoFormat to remove most of them again, but that would be okay, too. —Michael Z. 2008-11-29 22:55 z

 * When trying to work it out, keep in mind that you want to cover 7000+ languages, and Latn is only the correct default for a minority. (-) As to adding "lang=... xml:lang=...": if the template is for a specific language, that is static text. If not, the script template should take a lang parameter. (and infl and term etc can pass it along). Robert Ullmann 07:54, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yup, exactly what I'm thinking. I'm starting with the IANA subtag registry as a reference, which has almost 500 languages and their scripts listed, although I'm not yet committing to incorporating them all explicitly.  I think I might start with the Arabic script templates as a test case, since we have ten language-specific versions already in use. —Michael Z. 2008-11-30 17:18 z

 * Do keep in mind that the IANA registry is a total mess. I'd recommend never using anything from there; just check to see if the appropriate language and script tag is registered. (or maybe even not check ;-) Robert Ullmann 15:51, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 * How is the registry a mess? As far as I can tell, I would have to refer to the registry to find the names of script variant codes, and to determine which scripts are associated with which languages, and which ones are the defaults for particular languages (“suppress-scripts”). —Michael Z. 2008-12-01 16:25 z

 * Zero quality control. If tag xx-Yyyy exists there, it means someone asked IANA to register the tag; it does not mean script Yyyy is meaningful for lang xx. And the absence of a tag is equally not meaningful. You/we just use the tags that make sense, and we will be fine. (If they aren't in the IANA list, we might ask them to add.) What a given browser supports is an "extended subset", although I think the browser people are fairly good about asking IANA to register anything missing. There have been problems with IANA registering things that conflict with ISO (and then with WMF following IANA and not ISO). Keep in mind that we (en.wikt, wikts collectively, wps) have a far better knowledge base than IANA; the only comparable group to us is SIL. Robert Ullmann 11:32, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

To return to the section topic in particular: there isn't any evidence I can see why transliteration templates based on ISO language code are needed at all: transliterations use (none),, , and ; IAST is just Unicode, and semxlit is a subset (Tahoma and Lucida Sans Unicode). It isn't like there is some huge n->m problem, there simply isn't a set of "transliteration templates"; in fact there appears to be essentially one (Unicode), and that only needed for IE when it is too dumb to find a font to display a character (which is really dumb, when you consider that both Tahoma and Lucida Sans are always loaded) Robert Ullmann 07:54, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I just had a look at these in my MSIE6/WinXP vanilla test system. IAST is only used in five entries, and in every case it can be replaced with {unicode} or just removed.  Semxlit is only used in three, and in two of those it fails to render text correctly anyway.  These should be merged and deleted. —Michael Z. 2008-12-02 06:18 z

 * I agree that both should be orphaned and RfD-ed (or redirected to {unicode}) They've ended up on WT from WP where they're much more used. I myself have been adding IAST transliterations of some cited Sanskrit passages wrapped with {unicode} for a long time now. --Ivan Štambuk 08:35, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I have RFD'd both of these 1 2. I have some other script template tasks to tackle first, but I will keep in mind the requirements for transliterations for later. —Michael Z. 2008-12-06 03:49 z

Work without
Would anyone mind switched this: for this: so that this could work in the inflection line of entries where the language requires some template so that the font is right, but doesn't require any extra categories? --Yair rand 22:56, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Please just help me get these fixed now. They now need "infl|xlc|letter" vinstead of just "infl|xlc" and so on. --> Special:Contributions/Mutante Mutante 07:13, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I forgot about the cat parameter. The template should now work with just "infl|xlc". --Yair rand 23:55, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Missing cat2
Hello, drive-by editor here. I would like to suggest to duplicate cat= with an optional cat2= (and cat3= to be on the safe side). For instance, Category:Finnish suffixes are subcategorized with 8 types, and some suffixes belong to more than one type.

Case study: -nen was coded like this:

Suffix
-nen ...

I couldn't upgrade it better than this:

Suffix
...

To get rid of the second hardcoded category, a cat2 parameter would be needed like this:

Suffix
HTH 62.147.10.167 14:54, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Acronym & Abbreviation
Words using this template that are tagged with acronym should use the <acronym> html tag and words flagged as abbreviations should be tagged with the html tag <abbr>. CyberSkull 00:42, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Other namespaces
At the moment there is a conditional that turns off all categorisation if the namespace isn't the main namespace. However, the mainpace isn't the only place that contains 'terms': appendixes do so as well (proto- and conlangs). Is it possible to change the if statement into a switch, something like this? That way, it'll become possible to use it in appendix entries as well, which would be very useful. Manually adding all those categories and sort keys is becoming a pain. —CodeCat 14:40, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I think it's intentional that (for example) [[Appendix:Brave New World/the more stitches, the less riches]] does not appear in any of the same categories as mainspace entries. —Ruakh <i >TALK</i > 15:11, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

 * But that's an English entry that's in an appendix because it's not 'interesting' enough for mainspace. A category like would be entirely empty if the articles weren't explicitly categorised. I think the real problem though is that proto-languages and 'less interesting' terms in attested languages are all lumped together in the appendix, when they are clearly different things. If non-mainspace-languages had their own namespace then it could be made to work quite easily just for that namespace, while leaving English appendixes alone. —CodeCat 17:04, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
 * or something then? I'm with Ruakh on this, I've deliberately used in other namespaces knowing full well it won't categorize. Mglovesfun (talk) 19:02, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

Selective unbolding of head
Is it possible to provide for the "head" to be formatable word by word, eg, not necessarily bold? Apparently, in Scottish Gaelic, for example, proper nouns sometime require an article in all uses, so it might be desirable to show the article on the inflection line. But, as the article is not part of the headword (and probably should not be), it seems appropriate to allow it not to be bold. DCDuring TALK 18:29, 27 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I think infl still works if not the first thing on a line. That said, I like the whole head word in bold, see Escriture which I created a few hours ago. Mglovesfun (talk) 19:04, 27 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The effect for a single slim letter (l') is minimal compared to an in Ruis, let alone an English headword that might include the or even The. DCDuring TALK 19:16, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

Category:Gender requests
I am thinking of making this template include a word in one of the subcategories of Category:Gender requests if it doesn't specify the gender, and if that subcat exists. Thoughts? —Internoob (Disc•Cont) 22:44, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

 * That's clever. I'm not sure that the existence of a gender-requests category for a given language and part of speech necessarily means that all entries in that language and part of speech require gender information inside, or at all. For example, a language that only has gender in the singular (like most Germanic languages) likely won't need gender information for pluralia tantum; and a noun with anomalous gender behavior (say, masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural, as three French nouns are sometimes claimed to be) may be better served with a usage note. (Each of those examples can be debated, incidentally, but I think my point stands. Language is infinitely diverse and unpredictable, and this template needs to work for every language in the world.)
 * Overall I think it's a good idea, as long as there's a documented way to disable it; <tt>g=-</tt>, say.
 * —Ruakh <i >TALK</i > 00:08, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Ifexist functions are heavy, I think. I'm not sure this would be worth it. --Yair rand 00:14, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

 * They are indeed heavier than other parser-functions, because they require a database lookup, but the same is true of links, templates, categorizations, and so on. I don't think we should use them in templates like or  that often appear a huge number of times on a single page, but I don't think it's a problem for  to use one. —Ruakh <i >TALK</i > 00:19, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Categorizing in a script-specific subcategory
Currently there is no way for this template to categorize entries into different subcategories based on script. The <tt>sc=</tt> parameter only sets the script of the headword but it doesn't change the category. What would be the best way to do this? —CodeCat 13:19, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Are you thinking of doing so for all entries? I don't think it's wise to have "English nouns in Latin script" as a category. Or are you only thinking of doing so for languages (like Serbo-Croatian IIRC) written in multiple scripts? If so, perhaps first get consensus from any such language's editors (or the community) that such categorization is desired. As to how to do it, it should be easy enough:  or something. —msh210℠ (talk) 15:56, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * No it wouldn't be for all entries, only for those where it's specifically added. It would be on an entry-by-entry basis so no existing entries are changed. Changing it to work for every combination of script and language might work too though. —CodeCat 19:06, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I suppose would do what you want. —Ruakh <i >TALK</i > 21:51, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Or <tt>cat2=verbs in Cyrillic script</tt>. AFAICT only reasonable way to actually implement this is by using an #ifexist:, which would affect every entry using infl, main namespace or otherwise. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:55, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose  Liliana • 19:11, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Why? Do you prefer that entries be added to those categories in other ways? If you prefer that those categories not be used at all, then you should discuss that at BP because they are already in use. This discussion is only about what the best way would be for this template to add entries to those categories. —CodeCat 19:36, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * (and so on) should be able to do this, infl already can do this in either the way Ruakh or in the way I describe it above. The idea of doing it automatically bothers me a bit. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:56, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I was thinking more of using another parameter, maybe <tt>sccat=</tt>, which has the same effect as <tt>sc=</tt> but adds the entry to the category as well. Alternatively, something like <tt>sccat=1</tt> could have the same effect. —CodeCat 22:02, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * The point by Mglovesfun is kinda what I mean. If your language needs this, it's better off using its own inflection template, instead of the general infl. -- Liliana • 01:05, 5 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Most languages don't have headword templates for form-of entries. But form-of entries could be in a script category. It seems a bit silly to create a template just for form-of entries... —CodeCat 01:19, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

RFM
We've been using the term 'headword line' for a while now, but this template still reflects the earlier name, as a relic of earlier policies. Apparently someone had foreseen this move a long time ago, because redirects to  already. I'm proposing to swap this, so that is the actual template and  becomes a redirect. The redirect might be orphaned eventually, maybe with the help of a bot, but it's so widely used that will probably not happen anytime soon. —CodeCat 19:12, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I could run a bot to replace all uses in 12-14 days once there is consensus. -- Liliana • 19:36, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't really care. Mglovesfun (talk) 16:02, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if this really counts as consensus with only three people? —CodeCat 11:46, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Silence means "it's okay, go ahead". Usually. -- Liliana • 12:32, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok I've made the move now. I'd like to wait and see if anyone reacts before doing any more, because this is such a big change. —CodeCat 12:43, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Not really a big change; infl is really widely used, but in practical terms, swapping the redirect and the primary form makes no difference, I mean, quite literally none that I'm aware of. Regarding Liliana-60's comment, yes, I agree, I just decided to explicitly say 'I don't care' while others did not. Mglovesfun (talk) 12:34, 25 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment: Your bot really makes the swap make a long difference, though. :-D Njardarlogar 22:33, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

cat= parameter redundant?
The cat= parameter really does the same thing, more or less, as the second numbered parameter. Both indicate the category that the entry should go in. Should the cat= parameter be orphaned and then removed? 19:10, 25 April 2013 (UTC)

Correcting headword links
I have recently added the  function to Module:links, which adds section anchors for a specified language to plain. Since some tools (like NEC) put plain links into the  parameter, would wrapping that function around it be a good idea? Keφr (talk) 15:04, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, I definitely think that is a good idea. I was intending to eventually make that the default, so that people would no longer need to add links to the terms themselves, just  would be enough.  16:41, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * So... what are you waiting for? Keφr 16:25, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * There is a lot of work involved in this. It needs time. 16:44, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Writing  (or similar) into the template is just one edit. What do you mean here? (However I tried to phrase this, it reads awfully snarky. Sorry about that.) Keφr 19:18, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The problem is how to deal with cases where people have already added links to the headword, either directly or through or something else. It is easy to make a template that works, but much harder to make it work with all the usages that currently already exist. Backwards compatibility is difficult.  19:21, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, I would not expect much disturbance here. On #invoke time, the function is feeded with template-expanded wiki markup, so there should be no difference between plain  and . I expect existing uses to be rather simple - short snippets of linked text, maybe some <span> with a class or lang attribute which wraps it. As I wrote it, the function does not touch links with already specified anchors, and depending on the choice of the   parameter, it may link individual words, the whole phrase, or nothing at all (the last one I would opt for) if no links are present.
 * Or perhaps I am too optimistic? Keφr 19:36, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Have you checked what the function would do if you give it something like ?  19:49, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * [//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates?input=%7B%7B%23invoke%3Alinks%7Ctemplate_l_xform%7Cru%7Cthis%20%5B%5Bis%5D%5D%20%7B%7Bl%7Cen%7Cfood%7D%7D%20%7B%7Bl%2Fen%7Cfor%7D%7D%20%5B%5Bthought%23English%7Cthought%5D%5D%7D%7D&removecomments=1 Check yourself.] Keφr 19:57, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * It looks ok. I think you may want to discuss this in the Beer Parlour too though. 20:00, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

nowiki
I need a at the beginnig of the line since the title is sometimes started with "*". --Z 13:25, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * This template isn't currently meant to support reconstructed terms. I suppose that support could be added, but more would be needed than just that. The categorisation and linking would also need to change. 13:27, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

sorting for suffixes
Could this template automatically add sort key for suffixes (i.e. words beginning with a "-")? --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 20:59, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Done. The template now removes the first - from the default sort key (page name) if present. 21:09, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Awesome. But, how to invoke that functionality from external templates, e.g. ? It used to invoke, the former inflection line (now apparently "headword line") template for all that sub-processing, but you've  for some reason recently rewritten all of the xx-PoS templates to do sorting, categorization etc. manually.. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 21:22, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Suppose maybe I went a little too far with the conversion. I've partially converted back again, so that it uses for the headword itself and for the category, but not for all the extra parts. I hope that at some point, all of this will be in modules; it's much easier to make those reusable.  21:28, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * And the same for stripping ־ from Hebrew script suffixes please (and if Arabic has its own hyphen, that too)... —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:10, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Hebrew is written right to left. Is the ־ still the first character in the name, in encoding order? 22:25, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, it's the rightmost character. I don't know whether that counts as "first" or not. (PS: Infixes also start with a hyphen, so they need this treatment as well.) —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:29, 16 July 2013 (UTC)
 * An initial hyphen is removed from all words, it's not done based on the given part of speech. So it will work in all cases. 18:39, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

broken
now generates:
 * <strong class="Latn headword" lang="sh">блах

when it should generate:
 * <strong class="Latn headword" lang="sh">блах

without the superfluous ''. If there is no argument to tr= provided for entries in non-Latin scripts, '' shouldn't be displayed at all. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 14:12, 5 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Fixed. The wasn't from the transliteration but from the inflections. I had used incorrect code to determine whether the list of inflections was empty (I used the way Python does it, but Lua is different).  14:20, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Documentation - Displayed headword
now automatically links multiword terms, the documentation does not show this. —Saltmarsh 05:25, 16 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it's because there's some disagreement still about how it's supposed to work exactly. 12:31, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

Oddity
Turns out you can specify  even if   isn't specified. Not saying it's a problem, but it is an 'oddity'. Renard Migrant (talk) 22:05, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
 * It works that way by design, as it simplifies writing templates that use somewhat. It works the same way with the inflections: you can skip a few "slots" if a word doesn't happen to have them, while still showing those that are further down. —CodeCat 22:54, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Passive participle forms
When writing, the template tries to categorize the entry into the category Czech passive participle forms (not founded yet), but not into the category Czech non-lemma forms (see ), although with   it works fine. Can this be fixed, please? --Jan Kameníček (talk) 00:28, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * It should just go in "participle forms". There's no need to differentiate them by the type. —CodeCat 00:32, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I believe it would be much better if they were differentiated, because they are both completely different. I understand that for a native English speaker it may not seem so, as many English verbs have the form when creating both past simple tense or passive voice (such as ), but for Czechs they seem so different that people who are not educated in linguistics would say they do not have anything in common (e. g. x . --Jan Kameníček (talk) 00:46, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * But why would a person be interested in separating inflected forms of one vs the other? and  are not inflected forms, they are lemma forms, they can be differentiated just fine. —CodeCat 00:48, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Passive participle forms like zváni can can be used to create both present and past tense (jsou zváni: present passive, byli zváni: past passive). In fact people lacking linguistic education do not call them participles, but "passive voice" (although in fact passive voice is auxiliary + passive participle). Unlike these, past participle forms can be used to create only past active (e. g. zvali jsme). Again, most people do not know that forms like zvali are participles, they call them simply "past tense". It does not make sense if people looking for passive forms have them mixed up together with past participles. Most people would be confused why they are mixed together, when they (in their minds) have nothing in common. --Jan Kameníček (talk) 01:09, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * See Category:Dutch participle forms, which mixes inflections of present and past participles. As for people not knowing that it's a participle; if it's not a participle then it should not be labelled as one, thus it should not go in Category:Czech passive participles nor in Category:Czech passive participle forms. If it is a participle, it should go in Category:Czech passive participles and Category:Czech participle forms. —CodeCat 01:25, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, I cannot see why it is not possible when it would be clearer to non-linguists. Originally I thought it would be just a matter of a couple of minutes to solve it and I still cannot see any obstacle that prevents it. Passive participles are participles, of course, but in Czech they are used in a completely different way than past participles and so non-linguists do not see any connection between them. Such unnecessary mixing does not help. I also failed to understand your suggestion of helping the non-linguists in your last contribution. Jan Kameníček (talk) 01:46, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

head|sv|proper noun
Can someone make so that this triggers (genitive:PAGENAME+s)? Because Swedish genitive is very easy. The only exception is when the word ends in s, x or z, then the genitive is unchanged. Nils är cool - Nils is cool, Nils katt är cool - Nils's cat is cool. I see that the category already has been created Category:Swedish proper noun forms but you can't see the forms on the main page. Algeriets is not visable on Algeriet. It's the same principal as but with genitive instead of plural. The fact that doesn't trigger a plural form makes me think that  must be created for this to work. Am I wrong?Jonteemil (talk) 18:36, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
 * This template is independent of the language. If you want a template to work in a language-specific way, you should create a template for that language such as . —CodeCat 19:04, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks!Jonteemil (talk) 19:21, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Suggestion
On the page for 人, the error "Lua error: not enough memory" appears many times. This seriously affects the usability of the dictionary, as a user would have to look at the source to find any of the information passed through the modules, such as, for example, how the aforementioned character is pronounced in Okinawan. My suggestion is to rewrite the templates to use Scribunto less.

IPv4 Address (talk) 21:39, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

Override the optional emoji display of some fonts?
Some characters have alternative text and emoji forms, e.g. ⚪, and different readers will see them differently, depending on their browser/fonts. Could we add a param to append  to the display (for in this case "⚪", with VS FE0E), so that all readers will see them as text? kwami (talk) 20:54, 16 May 2022 (UTC)

Gender qualifiers

 * Module:gender_and_number seems to be able to handle qualifiers (Module:gender_and_number) but I currently don't see a way to make use of that using head (is there?). If the syntax head could be used for that, that would be nice. I would have had use for this feature just now in the entry . — Fytcha〈 T | L | C 〉 16:38, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Module:headword can handle them but I'm not sure head supports them, let me see about adding them. Benwing2 (talk) 20:14, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

conflict with DISPLAYTITLE
When we use DISPLAYTITLE, as at M🜨, it won't work if we also use this template. (Conflict identified at Phabricator.) I've starting deleting hte head template, but this might be something to address. kwami (talk) 02:39, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

Unwanted uppercase sort key for Georgian
In case no one reads Module talk:languages, I'll link from here: This template incorrectly adds a capitalized sort key for Georgian. Gradilion (talk) 15:50, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:head


text:
substandard

Adjective

 * 1) Of inferior quality; not meeting the minimum quality requirements.
 * 2)  Not conforming to the standard variety; nonstandard.
 * 1)  Not conforming to the standard variety; nonstandard.
 * 1)  Not conforming to the standard variety; nonstandard.
 * 1)  Not conforming to the standard variety; nonstandard.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:, под стандарта
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: fochaighdeánach
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Polish: substandardowy, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: substandard


text:
regionally

Adverb

 * 1) In a large but limited area, more than local but smaller than entirety. (Generally smaller than a nation.)

Translations

 * Catalan: regionalment
 * French:
 * Galician: rexionalmente
 * German:
 * Italian: regionalmente
 * Latin:
 * Occitan: regionalament
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: regionalmente

title: regionally


text: wytes

title: wytes


text:
illustrative

Adjective

 * 1) Demonstrative, exemplative, showing an example or demonstrating.
 * This latest incident is illustrative of his continued bad behavior.

title: illustrative


text: wyting

title: wyting


text: wyted

title: wyted


text:
standardization

Noun

 * 1) The process of complying (or evaluate by comparing) with a standard.
 * 2) The process of establishing a standard.
 * 3) * 1976, Boating (volume 40, numbers 1-2, page 152)
 * The FCC says it decided to attempt standardization of VHF receivers after getting "thousands of complaints" from disgruntled boatmen who found their sets brought in mostly a lot of garble and static.

Translations

 * Asturian: estandarización
 * Belarusian: стандартыза́цыя
 * Bulgarian:
 * Cebuano: estandardisasyon
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: стандарттау
 * Khmer: បមាណីយកម្ម, ធម្មនិយាមកម្ម
 * Korean: 표준화(標準化)
 * Portuguese:, estandardização , standardização
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: estandarización, normalización
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sapamantayan
 * Ukrainian: стандартиза́ція
 * Vietnamese: (標準化),

 * Asturian: estandarización
 * Belarusian: стандартыза́цыя
 * Cebuano: estandardisasyon
 * Czech: standardizace
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, estandardização , standardização
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: estandarización
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: стандартиза́ція

title: standardization


text:
spilling

Noun

 * 1) The act of dropping or spreading out of a fluid or particles.
 * 2)  The action of spreading out in the manner of a fluid.
 * 1)  The action of spreading out in the manner of a fluid.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) corruption

title: spilling


text: spills

title: spills


text:
epiphysis

Noun

 * 1)  The pineal gland.
 * 2)  The rounded end of any long bone.
 * 3)  A small upper piece of each half of an alveolus of a sea urchin.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish: epifyse
 * Finnish: epifyysi, pääteosa
 * Irish: eipifís
 * Malay: epifisis
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: epifyse

title: epiphysis


text: convection cells

title: convection cells


text:
generalized

Adjective

 * 1) Made more general, less specialized.
 * 2)  Spread throughout or affecting the entire body or body part.
 * 1)  Spread throughout or affecting the entire body or body part.

Translations

 * Asturian: xeneralizáu
 * Belarusian: абагу́льнены
 * Czech: zobecněný
 * Danish: generaliseret
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: yleisluonteinen,
 * French:
 * Galician: xeneralizado
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: жалпылама
 * Lithuanian: apibendrintas
 * Polish: uogólniony
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: узага́льнений

title: generalized


text:
diagonally

Etymology
From, modeled on 🇨🇬; equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) In a diagonal manner, not square to any direction.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:, , kulmittain
 * Galician: diagonalmente
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: diagonalnie
 * Portuguese: diagonalmente
 * Slovak: diagonálne
 * Spanish: diagonalmente
 * Tocharian B: akṣnai
 * Ukrainian: діагона́льно

title: diagonally


text:
convection cell

Noun

 * 1) A loop of moving fluid (such as air or water) in which the motion results from differences in density caused by differences in temperature.

title: convection cell


text:
scrambled

Adjective

 * 1) Mixed, disordered, shuffled.
 * a scrambled TV signal, requiring decryption
 * 1)  Beaten and cooked.
 * He always ate his eggs fried, never scrambled.

Translations

 * Cornish: skramblys
 * Finnish:
 * Spanish:
 * Welsh: wedi'i sgramblo

title: scrambled


text:
sufferer

Noun

 * 1) One who suffers.
 * 2) One who is afflicted.
 * 1) One who is afflicted.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew: סובל, סובלת
 * Maori: hāura
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Welsh:

 * Dutch:
 * Maori: hāura
 * Portuguese:

title: sufferer


text:
anciently

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) In the manner of very long ago. As the ancients did.
 * 2) Done long ago.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:oldly

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:, , de antaño

title: anciently


text:
User talk:Mad Martyn~enwiktionary

Welcome
I deleted your word maladitdit because it does not appear to meet our criteria for inclusion. Wiktionary does not seek to propagate words that users have invented; rather, we try to reflect the language as it is spoken. If you believe it is a word in common use, please provide evidence that it exists, such as citations of the word in use at different times, by different authors. I have included our standard welcome text, with help for newcomers, below. Dvortygirl 22:29, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mad Martyn. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mad Martyn~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:56, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:15, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mad Martyn~enwiktionary


text:
Talk:signification

the act of signifying, or something that is signified; significance evidence for the existence of something the generally accepted meaning of a word

title: Talk:signification


text:
unwrite

Etymology
From en.

Verb

 * 1)  To erase; to revert to a state where (something) was never written.
 * 2)  To nullify.
 * 3)  To deconstruct.
 * 4)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To nullify.
 * 2)  To deconstruct.
 * 3)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To deconstruct.
 * 2)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To deconstruct.
 * 2)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.
 * 1)  To revert to a known state in so that new data can be written.

title: unwrite


text: multures

title: multures


text:
Charleston

Etymology
. The places are named after various men named "Charles"; see definitions below.

Noun

 * 1)  A dance named for the city of Charleston, South Carolina.
 * 2) * Dubbed “the Black Venus”, she danced the charleston in nothing but a string of pearls and a skirt made of 16 rubber bananas, performed with a snake wrapped suggestively round her neck, strolled down the Champs-Élysées with her pet cheetah, and became an international superstar. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/28/dancer-singer-spy-frances-pantheon-to-honour-josephine-baker

Translations

 * Czech: charleston
 * Finnish:
 * Marathi: चार्ल्स्टन

title: Charleston


text: corries

title: corries


text:
Sparta

Etymology
From, from (🇨🇬).

Proper noun

 * 1) An ancient city-state in southern Greece, noted for its strict military training.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Sparta
 * Alemannic German: Sparta
 * Arabic: إِسْبَرْطَة
 * Armenian: Սպարտա
 * Asturian: Esparta
 * Basque: Esparta
 * Belarusian: Спа́рта
 * Bengali: স্পার্টা
 * Breton: Sparta
 * Bulgarian: Спа́рта
 * Catalan: Esparta
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Sparta
 * Dhivehi: Sparta
 * Dutch: Sparta
 * Esperanto: Sparto
 * Estonian: Sparta
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Middle French: Sparte
 * Galician: Esparta
 * Georgian: სპარტა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Σπάρτη
 * Hebrew: ספרטה
 * Hindi: स्पार्टा
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Sparta
 * Indonesian: Sparta
 * Irish: Sparta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^스파르타
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: Sparta
 * Latin: Sparta
 * Latvian: Sparta
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German: Sparta
 * Luxembourgish: Sparta
 * Macedonian: Спарта
 * Manx: Sparta
 * Marathi: स्पार्टा
 * Norwegian: Sparta
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Sparta
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Спарта
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: Sparta
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: Sparta
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: สปาร์ตา
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Спа́рта
 * Urdu: سپارٹا
 * Welsh: Sparta

Proper noun

 * 1)  ancient city-state in southern Greece, noted for its strict military training

Etymology
Via and  from ).

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sparta ancient city-state in southern Greece

Etymology
From, or.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sparta

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sparta

Etymology
.

Etymology
, from.

title: Sparta


text: wildest

title: wildest


text: toys

title: toys


text:
sharper

Noun

 * 1)  a swindler; a cheat; a professional gambler who makes his living by cheating.
 * 2) * 1878, John Payne, Introduction, in, Poems, translated by John Payne, New York: Boni & Liveright, c. 1918, p. 33
 * in a twinkling the accomplished sharper changes the pitchers and pretending to examine the contents, asks the tapster what kind of wine he has given him
 * 1) * 1882,, "Emily, John, James, and I: A Derby Legend" in The "Bab" Ballads, Philadelphia: David McKay, publishing date not given, p. 275,
 * The Derby Day sun glittered gaily on cads, / On maidens with gamboge hair, / On sharpers and pickpockets, swindlers and pads— / (For I, with my harp, was there).
 * in a twinkling the accomplished sharper changes the pitchers and pretending to examine the contents, asks the tapster what kind of wine he has given him
 * 1) * 1882,, "Emily, John, James, and I: A Derby Legend" in The "Bab" Ballads, Philadelphia: David McKay, publishing date not given, p. 275,
 * The Derby Day sun glittered gaily on cads, / On maidens with gamboge hair, / On sharpers and pickpockets, swindlers and pads— / (For I, with my harp, was there).

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:fraudster
 * See also Thesaurus:fraudster

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

title: sharper


text: receipts

title: receipts


text: witches

title: witches


text:
Talk:corpulent

Doesn't this have a metaphoric sense, pertaining to greed in general? --Connel MacKenzie 22:57, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I think corpulence might, but can't think of any sense for this word that would. --EncycloPetey 23:02, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:corpulent


text:
savagely

Adverb

 * 1) In a wild, uncontrolled, or savage manner.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Spanish:

title: savagely


text:
kye

Etymology 1
From, , from , plural of. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Noun

 * 1)  Cocoa the drink.

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) A Korean fundraising meeting.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a key

title: kye


text:
noiselessly

Adverb

 * 1) In a quiet manner, without any noise.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French: sans bruit
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Japanese: 音を立てずに
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: lydløst
 * Polish:, bezszmerowo, bezszumnie
 * Portuguese: sem fazer barulho
 * Russian:

title: noiselessly


text:
kauhea

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) awful, dreadful, terrible
 * 2) bad, unpleasant, disagreeable, repulsive
 * 3)  tremendous, immense, terrible

title: kauhea


text:
barrette

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , literally “small bar”.

Noun

 * 1) A clasp or clip for gathering and holding the hair.

Translations

 * Catalan: agulla de clenxa, pinça de cabells
 * Finnish:
 * German: Haarspange, Haarklammer
 * Irish: fáisceán gruaige
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: шно́ла, фурке́та
 * Portuguese: prendedor de cabelo
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: prendedor de pelo, prendedor,
 * Swedish:

Verb

 * 1)  To put (hair) into a barrette.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) small bar
 * 2) barrette (US), (hair) slide (UK)
 * 3) brooch
 * 4) bar (of medal)
 * 5)  bar/slab of hash

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  biretta

title: barrette


text:
гъед

Noun

 * 1) fish

title: гъед


text: Category:lez:Fish

title: Category:lez:Fish


text: Վադուց

title: Վադուց


text:
нуькӏ

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) bird

title: нуькӏ


text: Category:lez:Birds

title: Category:lez:Birds


text: Վալետա

title: Վալետա


text:
тар

Etymology
From.

Pronunciation

 * (one syllable)
 * (one syllable)

Adjective

 * 1)  narrow
 * 2)  small, confined
 * 3)  limited
 * 4)  tight
 * 5)  narrow-minded
 * 1)  limited
 * 2)  tight
 * 3)  narrow-minded
 * 1)  narrow-minded

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 etc.

Verb

 * 1) to run away

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) that

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) narrow

Etymology
From. Possible cognates include 🇨🇬.

Permic cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) black grouse

Adjective

 * 1) narrow

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) narrow

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) narrow, tight

Etymology
From, from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) dark

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Adjective

 * 1) narrow

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) narrow

title: тар


text: Նոր Զելանդիա

title: Նոր Զելանդիա


text: Վելինգտոն

title: Վելինգտոն


text: Category:lez:Trees

title: Category:lez:Trees


text:
Category:lez:Plants

fr:Catégorie:Plantes en lezghien ko:분류:식물(레즈긴어) ru:Категория:Растения/lez

title: Category:lez:Plants


text: Վիլնյուս

title: Վիլնյուս


text:
пеш

Etymology 1
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  foot-borne
 * 2)  pedestrian

Usage notes
Except in adverbial sense (e.g. fossilized sg. gen., pl. gen. , istr. , and several other derivative forms), this adjective has been superseded by its derivative (literally: “foot-walking”).

Adverb

 * 1) on foot

Etymology 2
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  lower end, edge, brim of cloth or apron

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stove

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stove, furnace

Noun

 * 1) leaf

Adverb

 * 1) by foot

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Numeral

 * 1) five

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Numeral

 * 1)  five

title: пеш


text:
Վինդհուկ

Etymology
Borrowed from /, from.

title: Վինդհուկ


text: Category:lez:Bodily fluids

title: Category:lez:Bodily fluids


text: Վիենտյան

title: Վիենտյան


text: Category:lez:Liquids

title: Category:lez:Liquids


text: Տալլին

title: Տալլին


text: Category:lez:Matter

title: Category:lez:Matter


text:
Հոնդուրաս

Usage notes
In colloquial speech Russian is often used instead.

title: Հոնդուրաս


text: Տեգուսիգալպա

title: Տեգուսիգալպա


text: Տիրանա

title: Տիրանա


text: Category:lez:Biology

title: Category:lez:Biology


text: Տոկիո

title: Տոկիո


text: Category:lez:Sciences

title: Category:lez:Sciences


text: Տրիպոլի

title: Տրիպոլի


text:
Դոմինիկա

Proper noun

 * 1) Dominica

title: Դոմինիկա


text: Ռոզո

title: Ռոզո


text: Քաբուլ

title: Քաբուլ


text:
Օսլո

Etymology
From.

title: Օսլո


text: Category:lez:Anatomy

title: Category:lez:Anatomy


text:
Օտտավա

Etymology
Entered via.

title: Օտտավա


text: Category:lez:Medicine

title: Category:lez:Medicine


text:
Lezgi

Noun

 * 1) A member of an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: алезгьы
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლეკი
 * German: Lesgier, Lesgierin
 * Hungarian: lezg
 * Kazakh: лезгин
 * Lezgi: лезги
 * Persian: لزگی
 * Polish: Lezgin,
 * Russian: ,
 * Turkish:

Proper noun

 * 1) The Northeast Caucasian language spoken by these people

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Czech: lezgičtina
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლეზგიური, ლეზგიური ენა
 * German: ,
 * Irish: Leisgis
 * Lezgi: лезги чӏал
 * Persian: لزگی
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: lezgičtina
 * Turkish:

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the Lezgi people, their culture or language.

Translations

 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ლეზგიური, ლეზგების
 * German: lesgisch
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:

title: Lezgi


text:
stinks

Noun

 * 1)  chemistry
 * 2) * The Boy's Own Annual (volume 35, page 214)
 * Very few boys could resist the attractions of mixing up chemicals, manufacturing unsavoury smells, and producing loud explosions. Bowney was an exception to the general rule, however; he never had studied "Stinks,"

title: stinks


text:
allerdings

Etymology
Compound of (compare ). Before the 19th century, the full form, with the plural , was used.

Adverb

 * 1)  but, however
 * 2) indeed!
 * 1) indeed!
 * 1) indeed!

Synonyms

 * (but, however)

title: allerdings


text:
кӏараб

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Usually considered a native term and. Note also 🇨🇬, a possible borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) bone

title: кӏараб


text: Category:lez:Skeleton

title: Category:lez:Skeleton


text:
Lezgin

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) Lezgi

title: Lezgin


text:
кьил

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) head

title: кьил


text:
цӏакул

Noun

 * 1) feather

title: цӏакул


text:
Lezghian

Proper noun

 * 1) A language spoken by the Lezgin people who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan.

Noun

 * 1) A person who belongs to this group.

title: Lezghian


text:
яб

Noun

 * 1) ear

Noun

 * 1) luck

title: яб


text:
вил

Etymology
From 🇨🇬, ultimately from.

Verb

 * 1) to die

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) eye

title: вил


text:
нер

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  nose
 * 2)  beak, bill
 * 3)  snout
 * 4) bow, head, prow, nose of a ship, plane
 * 5) point, tip, end
 * 6) spout
 * 7)  shoot, sprout
 * 8)  bud
 * 9) summit, peak
 * 10) toe of footwear

Etymology
From *mel, akin to 🇨🇬 or *mer, akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  nose

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  nose
 * 2)  snout
 * 3)  beak, bill
 * 4) spout
 * 5) tip, point, cusp
 * 6)  sprout, shoot
 * 7) hill, hillock

title: нер


text:
сив

Noun

 * 1) mouth

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) grey color

Noun

 * 1) mouth

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) grey

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) grey of grey colour

title: сив


text: favorites

title: favorites


text:
сас

Etymology
From.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hair

Noun

 * 1) tooth

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bog, swamp, marsh, quagmire, mire

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) swamp

Etymology
From. Compare to Other turkic *ǰazïn, *yašïn.

Verb

 * 1)  to hide, to disappear

title: сас


text:
ֆաշիզմ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fascism
 * 2) Nazism

title: ֆաշիզմ


text:
хъехъв

Noun

 * 1)  nose

title: хъехъв


text:
Dagestan

Etymology
From, from , from and.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: Даӷьсҭан
 * Aghul: Дагъустан
 * Arabic: دَاغِسْتَان
 * Armenian:
 * Avar: Дагъистан
 * Azerbaijani: Dağıstan
 * Cyrillic: Дағыстан
 * Bartangi: Доғисту̊н
 * Bashkir: Дағстан
 * Belarusian: Дагеста́н
 * Bengali: দাগেস্তান
 * Bulgarian: Дагеста́н
 * Catalan: Daguestan
 * Chechen: Дегӏаста, Дегӏестан
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Chuvash: Дагестан
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Dagestan
 * Dargwa: Дагъистан
 * Dutch: Dagestan
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek: Νταγκεστάν
 * Hebrew: דאגסטן
 * Hindi: दाग़िस्तान, दागेस्तान
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingush: Даьгӏеста
 * Irish: an Dagastáin
 * Italian: Daghestan
 * Japanese: ダゲスタン
 * Judeo-Tat: Догъисту, Догъисду
 * Kabardian: Дагъыстэн
 * Kalmyk: Дагъс
 * Kazakh: Дағыстан
 * Korean: 다게스탄
 * Kumyk: Дагъыстан
 * Kyrgyz: Дагыстан
 * Lak: Дагъусттан
 * Latvian: Dagestāna
 * Lezgi: Дагъустан
 * Lithuanian: Dagestanas
 * Macedonian: Дагеста́н
 * Nogai: Дагыстан
 * Ossetian: Дагъистан, Дагъыстан
 * Ottoman Turkish: داغستان
 * Persian: داغستان
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Rutul: Дагъустан
 * Sarikoli: Daghistun, Doghistun
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Да̏геста̄н
 * Roman:
 * Shughni: Доғисту̊н
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: Dagestan
 * Tabasaran: Дагъустан
 * Tajik:
 * Tat: Догъисту, Dağestan, Дагъестан
 * Tatar: Дагстан
 * Thai: ดาเกสตาน
 * Tsakhur: Дагъустан
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Dagystan
 * Ukrainian: Дагеста́н, Даґеста́н
 * Urdu: داغستان
 * Uyghur: داغىستان
 * Uzbek: Dogʻiston
 * Cyrillic: Доғистон

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

title: Dagestan


text:
բլուր

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hill

Etymology
The origin is. Perhaps from, from (compare dialectal ), from , from , , and cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. See also.

Noun

 * 1) hill, hillock

title: բլուր


text:
աշխատանք

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) work, labor
 * 2) work, operation, functioning
 * 3) result of work
 * 4) job, employment, occupation
 * 5) work; (scientific) paper
 * 1) result of work
 * 2) job, employment, occupation
 * 3) work; (scientific) paper
 * 1) job, employment, occupation
 * 2) work; (scientific) paper
 * 1) work; (scientific) paper
 * 1) work; (scientific) paper
 * 1) work; (scientific) paper

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fatigue, trouble, labour, care, endeavour, effort
 * 2) work, business
 * 3) exercise
 * 4) fabrication

title: աշխատանք


text:
կատակ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) joke

Etymology
From early ; compare 🇨🇬 and see there for more. See also.

Ačaṙyan, who did not know about the Iranian words, following Lidén considered the word to be inherited from 🇨🇬, with 🇨🇬 as a cognate. This etymology can now be discarded.

Noun

 * 1) play, ridicule, joke
 * 2) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon
 * 1) buffoon

title: կատակ


text:
նավթ

Etymology
From. See also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) oil, petroleum

title: նավթ


text:
Talk:human rights

Definition
I'm not sure this definition is correct. Generally human rights is something more basic than liberty or freedom. For example, prisoners or convicts may not have those civil rights, but they are entitled to human rights.

Plurale tantum?
Is this really a plurale tantum? Can I not refer to something as 'a human right'?
 * I wondered about that too, but the OED does have an entry for this. I reworded the definition so that it refers to the set of rights. — SGconlaw (talk) 12:44, 10 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:human rights


text:
երիկամ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) kidney

title: երիկամ


text:
մանկապարտեզ

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) kindergarten

title: մանկապարտեզ


text:
բարիք

Etymology
From, plural of.

Noun

 * 1) wealth, property
 * 2) good; good deed; benefit, benefaction, boon

title: բարիք


text:
թագավոր

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) king
 * 2)  king
 * 3) bridegroom because he carries a crown during the wedding
 * 1) bridegroom because he carries a crown during the wedding

title: թագավոր


text:
խոհանոց

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) kitchen
 * 2) cuisine

Noun

 * 1) kitchen

title: խոհանոց


text:
գիտություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) science
 * 2) knowledge

title: գիտություն


text:
լաբիրինթոս

Noun

 * 1) labyrinth, maze

title: լաբիրինթոս


text:
սանդուղք

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stairs
 * 2) ladder

Etymology
The origin in. Perhaps from and cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, but the correspondence of  to  is irregular.

Noun

 * 1) stairs, ladder

title: սանդուղք


text:
լիճ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lake

Etymology
According to Pokorny and J̌ahukyan, from, from the root , whence also. Ačaṙyan is hesitant.

Noun

 * 1) lake freshwater or saltwater; pond

title: լիճ


text:
ծիծաղ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) laugh, laughter

Etymology
Possibly from, reduplication of the root, which yielded. Alternatively, an word.

Noun

 * 1) laugh, laughter
 * 2) derision, sneering
 * 1) derision, sneering

Usage notes
The word is not attested in classical Old Armenian, however it certainly existed back then as shown by its attested derivatives and the modern Armenian descendant.

title: ծիծաղ


text:
լվացքատուն

Noun

 * 1) laundry, washhouse

title: լվացքատուն


text:
ծուլություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) laziness

title: ծուլություն


text:
երկարություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) length

title: երկարություն


text:
նամակ

Alternative forms

 * dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation
 * dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography
 * dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography
 * dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography
 * dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography
 * dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) letter, epistle, written message

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) letter, writing, missive, despatch, epistle

title: նամակ


text:
պատասխանատվություն

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) responsibility
 * 2) liability

title: պատասխանատվություն


text:
գրադարան

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) library

title: գրադարան


text:
փարոս

Etymology
From, an island off Alexandria, where the Lighthouse of Alexandria stood. The name of the island became a common noun. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) lighthouse

title: փարոս


text:
կայծակ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lightning

title: կայծակ


text:
User talk:Joffre~enwiktionary

I'm sorry, but you didn't indicate the numeric IP address that is showing up blocked in your e-mail, so I have nothing to either unblock, or explain the block of. --Connel MacKenzie 00:00, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Joffre. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Joffre~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:52, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:10, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joffre~enwiktionary


text: Category:ar:Anatomy

title: Category:ar:Anatomy


text: Category:ar:Biology

title: Category:ar:Biology


text: Category:ar:Nature

title: Category:ar:Nature


text: Category:ar:Medicine

title: Category:ar:Medicine


text: Category:ar:Sciences

title: Category:ar:Sciences


text: Category:ar:Language

title: Category:ar:Language


text: Category:ar:Communication

title: Category:ar:Communication


text: Category:pt:Cutlery

title: Category:pt:Cutlery


text: Category:pt:Tools

title: Category:pt:Tools


text: Category:pt:Technology

title: Category:pt:Technology


text:
зун

Etymology
From, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) I

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) summer

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) summer

Etymology 2
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,.

Numeral

 * 1) hundred

Etymology
From, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) I

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) summer

title: зун


text: Category:Aghul pronouns

title: Category:Aghul pronouns


text:
вун

Pronoun

 * 1) you

Noun

 * 1) brother

Pronoun

 * 1) you

authors: Илья А. Латушкин

title: вун


text:
чун

Pronoun

 * 1) we

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) boat

Etymology
, whence German was borrowed. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a small shallow boat

title: чун


text:
тур

Noun

 * 1) name

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) name

Etymology 1
Inherited from, from.

Noun

 * 1)   auroch, wild bovine (nowadays extinct)

Noun

 * 1)  rook

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1) turn, round (in competitions, elections, series)
 * 2)  tour

Etymology
Possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) sword, sabre,

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to stand
 * 2) to get up

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun
noun

 * 1)  throat, neck

Etymology
.

Noun
noun

Etymology
.

Noun
n

 * 1) throat, pipe

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) round
 * 2) tour
 * 3) turn dance
 * 4) cairn

Etymology 2
, from.

Noun

 * 1) aurochs
 * 2) tur a couple of species: West Caucasian goat and East Caucasian goat

Etymology 1
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) aurochs, urus

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) buttocks

Noun

 * 1) foot, leg

Etymology
From. Possible cognates include 🇨🇬.

Permic cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) black grouse

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to stand

title: тур


text:
дур

Conjunction

 * 1)  till, until

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) major (music)

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a wish, a desire

Etymology
Abaev considered the word to be a "Caucasian" borrowing, comparing it to, , ,. Bielmeier and Cheung consider such connection to be phonologically difficult; following Bailey, Cheung notes a possible Iranian correspondence in 🇨🇬, comparing both words to.

Noun

 * 1) stone

Noun

 * 1) name

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) far
 * 2) distant

Adverb

 * 1) away

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and possibly also 🇨🇬.

Permic cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) border, edge, side

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  folly, foolishness, nonsense
 * 2)  marijuana, grass

title: дур


text:
сув

Etymology
From, from [Finno-Volgaic]  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Alternatively, but less likely, from [Finno-Volgaic], in which case cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fog
 * 2) curtain

Etymology
From. See 🇨🇬 for more.

Noun

 * 1) lady, noblewoman; princess

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Adjective

 * 1) wet

Noun

 * 1) mountain

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) dry, dried

Etymology
From Common Kypchak suw, from, cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) dry, dried
 * 2) thin, meagre, slender
 * 3) pinched, haggard, gaunt
 * 4) withered, sear

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) water

title: сув


text: Category:lez:Geography

title: Category:lez:Geography


text:
су

Noun

 * 1) mountain

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) you

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
Compare to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) healthy

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Permic cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) soot

Noun

 * 1) water

title: су


text: Category:agx:Geography

title: Category:agx:Geography


text:
Popocatépetl

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Proper noun

 * 1) An active volcano in Mexico, located southeast of Mexico City.

Etymology
, from +.

Proper noun

 * 1) Popocatépetl

title: Popocatépetl


text:
instinctual

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or derived from instinct.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 本能的
 * Finnish: vaistonvarainen

Etymology
.

title: instinctual


text:
Talk:but

Note on the purported verb sense: that is butt. --Connel MacKenzie 01:06, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Hebrew
1. I changed the Hebrew translation of "but" (in the sense of "although") from "למרות" (lamrot - "despite") to "אבל" (aval - "but").

2. I removed the links from the word "אבל" (aval), because this word is written with the same letters as "אבל" (evel - "mourning"), but it is of course a different word. Liso 15:23, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

meanings of English conjunction but
I think the two examples of 2. ("I am not rich but poor.", "You told me I could do that but she said that I could not.") have a different meaning and should be separated. The first one is "on the contrary (introducing a word or clause that contrasts with or contradicts the preceding clause or sentence without the not)" - there, the but is directly linked to the not. This corresponds with German "sondern".

The other one is the same as 3. ("She is very old, but still attractive." (the following clause contrasts with the preceding or is contrary to prior belief)). This corresponds to German "aber". Are the commas making a difference? Could you put a comma to "You told me I could do that, but she said that I could not" or leave out the comma in "She is very old but still attractive."? Putting a comma to "I am not rich, but poor" would not make sense. --Androl 20:55, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

An aside, but would anyone mind me changing "She is very old but still attractive." out for a different example? It seems needlessly sexist (in that it is reinforcing sexist tropes, not in that it is being oppressive to the particular 'she' involved on the basis of her gender). I would propose something which is more concretely and non-problematically associated with age, such as: "She is very old but still strong" or "She is very old but still young at heart." (old folks feel free to weigh in on whether these are non-problematic as intended) Joecycle (talk) 13:51, 30 March 2021 (UTC)

English idiomatic use as an emphatic
I've seen a few times sentences of the sort "[interjection], but [statement]!" e.g.. Anyone know what to make of that and whether that merits any mention here? Prosody 05:57, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * This intensifying/emphatic use is definitely an established meaning of the word; the dictionary.com definition includes it (definition 8 under "conjunction") and Webster's also has something which looks like this sense (though they call it an adverb). I couldn't find it in my Oxford, but it's only the concise addition, so that could be why. Regardless, it seems like it should definitely be included here - we just need to decide what part of speech it should be included as. "Adverb" is probably the least controversial, as that's pretty much a catch-all for anything without a better description (not to mention, it's hard to see it as a conjunction when there's only one "conjunct"). D4g0thur (talk) 08:43, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

comma
I assume revert at http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=but&action=historysubmit&diff=11331198&oldid=11331117 done for good reason, but I'm not sure what that might be. Provided reason for edit in edit comment. Mike Linksvayer 03:18, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

Scots adverbial sense: "though"?
There is a Scots adverbial sense I've heard sometimes at the very end of a sentence, perhaps something like: "I don't like her, but." I think "though but" is used as well. Equinox ◑ 14:45, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

Cognate with Armenian "բայց"
When I compare English "but" with "բայց" (bayts) I have a feeling that they both have same origin. Is it true? Gegart 12:42, 06 May 2015 (UTC)

Missing emphatic sense
e.g. "Jakers, but we worked" in the citation at jakers. It means something like "oh, how (hard) we worked!" Equinox ◑ 15:32, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Also e.g. "nobody, but nobody, crosses me and gets away with it". Equinox ◑ 20:58, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

 * ✅ I have made an attempt. Equinox ◑ 17:57, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Conjunction senses 4 and 5 may overlap; needs merge or clarify
Equinox ◑ 17:49, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Etymology may need splitting
The alternative form of butt presumably isn't the same ety as the conjunction. Equinox ◑ 21:31, 9 November 2018 (UTC)

Conjunction: when 2. without something happening
conjunction 1. than or when (informal) I'd no sooner put the phone down but it rang again. 2. used to indicate that something does not happen without something else happening or being the case (formal) (usually used after negatives) She never leaves home but she forgets her keys. --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:43, 19 May 2020 (UTC)

but one
As in It'd be the lost job but one --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:38, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

Sentence connector (informal)
Sentence connector (informal): used to introduce an exclamation: my, but you're nice. What alternative PoS would Wiktionary use for that use? --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:36, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

all but
what's the meaning of but in all but? --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:07, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

 * except. Equinox ◑ 11:13, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

Unless
Nothing would do but that I should come in.

I am not sure this meaning is covered yet (because except also 'unless' (archaic)). --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:47, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

but still
But still is a standard idiom, especially informally: It’s late but still you did want me to stay --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:00, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

See also (but) still and all --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:00, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Conjunction : (used to show a feeling of happiness, shock, or surprise); (Informal) "than"
Conjunction 1. (used to show a feeling of happiness, shock, or surprise about something) But that's wonderful/amazing! 2. (Informal) "than": It no sooner started raining but it stopped. --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:37, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

none but
adv. only; nothing but; nothing less than: He had none but the best wishes for her --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:27, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

 * "But" means "except". We wouldn't create an entry for "none except"; this is the same. Equinox ◑ 00:46, 28 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Now you're going to ask about . Should be deleted IMO :) But I won't dip my toe in that one. Equinox ◑ 00:47, 28 July 2021 (UTC)
 * https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=nothing --Backinstadiums (talk) 08:28, 28 July 2021 (UTC)

 * "I found it in another book" DOESN'T CUT IT. Please stop. Please please stop. All books are imperfect. We don't need to copy everything you ever read. Equinox ◑ 09:25, 28 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Really, don't stop. Your questions enhance the project. Equinox is getting unnecessarily salty again. Queenofnortheast (talk) 09:56, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I really was hoping for a comment on Equinox's part about the rationale shown there in its Usage Note. --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:04, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

Only but not merely - Burns quote
This quote " For to see her was to love her, Love but her, and love for ever." seems not to fit in with the rest, because it doesn't mean "merely" it means "nothing but" General Vicinity (talk) 18:04, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

 * @General Vicinity Doesn't merely mean "nothing but"? Is there some nuance that I'm missing? Thesaurus:merely lists only and just as synonyms. - excarnateSojourner (talk | contrib) 08:23, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
 * The other ones mean "no more than", expressing lack of length, importance etc. but Burns' means "no other than", emphasizing exclusivity. General Vicinity (talk) 08:56, 24 December 2021 (UTC)

"but" eclipsed non-native "mes" from anglo-normand.
I don't have any sources of this affirmation. A person have a link ? Claromale (talk) 23:07, 16 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:but


text: Category:Canadian English

title: Category:Canadian English


text:
chesterfield

Noun

 * 1) A couch, sofa, or love seat with padded arms and back of the same height, often curved outward at the top.
 * 2)  Any couch or sofa.

Noun

 * 1)  a  a couch, sofa, or love seat

title: chesterfield


text:
SFSR

Noun

 * 1)  or :
 * 2)  (Russian SFSR) (1917-1991).
 * 3)  (Transcaucasian SFSR) (1922-1936).
 * , a short line railroad in New Mexico, United States.
 * , a clinical prediction rule for syncopal episodes.
 * , in online communication.

Translations

 * Russian: СФСР

title: SFSR


text:
Transcaucasian SFSR

Proper noun

 * 1)  A Soviet republic consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan with its capital in Tbilisi (1922–1936).

Translations

 * Danish: Transkaukasiske SFSR, Transkaukasiske Socialistiske Føderative Sovjetrepublik
 * German: Transkaukasische SFSR
 * Romanian: Republica Sovietică Federală Socialistă Transcaucaziană, RSFS Transcaucaziană
 * Russian: Закавказская СФСР

title: Transcaucasian SFSR


text:
eavestrough

Etymology
1813, 1817 , 1870 , from 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  A trough under the eaves of a building for draining water from the roof; gutter.

Synonyms

 * gutter
 * gutter

Translations

 * Arabic: مِرْزَاب
 * Czech:
 * Danish: tagrender
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: sadevesikouru
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Russian: водосто́чный жёлоб
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Venetian: górna

title: eavestrough