text:
Philippines

Etymology
See in Wikipedia for a complete etymology.

Borrowed from, originally from , which was from.

Proper noun

 * 1)    of the United States (1898–1946).
 * 1)    of the United States (1898–1946).
 * 1)    of the United States (1898–1946).

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with Philippians.
 * Normally used in the singular since it is the name of a country.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: Филипинқәа
 * Afrikaans: Filippyne
 * Aklanon: Pilipinas
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ፊሊፒንስ
 * Arabic:
 * Hijazi Arabic: الفلبِّين
 * Armenian: Ֆիլիպիններ
 * Assamese: ফিলিপাইন
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Abjad: فیلیپین
 * Roman:
 * Belarusian: Філіпі́ны
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central:
 * Breton: Filipinez
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ဖိလစ်ပိုင်
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: Филиппин
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏂᏈᎵᎩᏃ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 菲律賓
 * Hokkien: 菲律賓
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 菲律賓
 * Chuvash: Филиппинсем
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi:
 * Dolgan: Һилипин
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Farefare: Filippinno
 * Faroese: Filipsoyggjar
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ფილიპინები
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: ફીલીપાઈન્સ
 * Hausa: Filipin
 * Hawaiian: ʻĀina Pilipino
 * Hebrew: הַפִילִיפִּינִים
 * Hindi:, फिलीपिंस
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: Philippinas
 * Irish: Oileáin Fhilipíneacha
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: Филиппиндер
 * Khmer: ហ្វីលីព្ពីន, ហ្វីលីពីន
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: Филиппиндер
 * Lao: ຟີລິບປິນ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: Filipīnas
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lü: ᦵᦝᧀᧈᦟᦲᧉᦗᦲᧃᧈ
 * Macedonian: Филипи́ни
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam: ഫിലിപ്പീൻസ്
 * Maltese: Filippini
 * Manx: Ellanyn Philippeenagh
 * Maori: Piripīni
 * Marathi: फिलिपाईन्स
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Филиппин
 * Mongolian: ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠫᠫᠢᠨ
 * Navajo: Kéyah Dańlíinii
 * Nepali: फिलिपिन्स
 * Norman: Îles Phelippènes, Ph'lippinnes
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Odia: ଫିଲିପାଇନ୍ସ
 * Ossetian: Филиппинтӕ
 * Ottoman Turkish: فیلیپین
 * Pashto: فېلېپاين, فلپاين
 * Persian:
 * Dari:, فِلْپَایْن
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼
 * Rarotongan: Piripīni
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: Filippinas
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: फिलिपीन्स
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Филипи́ни
 * Roman:
 * Shan: မိူင်းၾီႇလိပ်ႈပိၼ်း
 * Silesian: Filipiny
 * Sinhalese: පිලිපීනය
 * Slovak: Filipíny
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Filipiny
 * Upper Sorbian: Filipiny
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Ufilipino
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: பிலிப்பீன்சு
 * Tatar: Филиппиннар
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ཧྥི་ལི་པིན
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Filippinler
 * Udmurt: Филиппинъёс
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: فِلْپائِن
 * Uyghur: فىلىپپىن
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: Phi-líp-pin, Phi Luật Tân (菲律賓)
 * Volapük:
 * Võro: Filipiiniq
 * Yiddish: פֿיליפּינען, פֿיליפּינען
 * Yoruba: Filipini
 * Zhuang: Feihlizbinh

Etymology
, a, using the pet form of , named after the King of Spain,.

title: Philippines


text:
Solomon Islands

Etymology
After, whose mines of immense wealth hoped to find when he named it in 1567 or 1568.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Salomonseilande
 * Albanian: Ishuj Solomon, Ishujt Solomon
 * Arabic: جُزُر سُلَيْمَان
 * Armenian: Սողոմոնի կղզիներ
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: Соломон утрауҙары
 * Belarusian: Саламо́навы астравы́, Саламо́навы вы́спы
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: Inizi Salomon
 * Bulgarian: Соломо́нови о́строви
 * Burmese: ဆော်လမွန်အိုင်းလန်း
 * Catalan: Illes Salomó
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: אִיֵּי שְׁלֹמֹה, איי סולומון
 * Hindi: सोलोमन द्वीप
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Interlingua: Insulas Salomon
 * Irish: Oileáin Sholomón
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kalenjin: Solomon
 * Kamba: Solomoni
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: កោះសូឡូម៉ូន
 * Kikuyu: Solomon
 * Korean: ^솔로몬 제도
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: Giravên Salomon
 * Kwara'ae:
 * Kyrgyz: Соломон аралдары
 * Lao: ໝູ່ເກາະໂຊໂລມອນ
 * Latvian: Zālamana Salas
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luhya: Solomoni
 * Luo: Solomon
 * Macedonian: Соломонови Острови
 * Malay: Kepulauan Solomon
 * Maori: Ngā Motu o Horomona
 * Meru: Solomon
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Соломоны арлууд
 * Navajo: Sólomon Tó Bináhaazyínígíí
 * Norman: Îles Solomon
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Salomonøyene
 * Nynorsk: Salomonøyane
 * Pashto: د سلیمان جزیره
 * Persian: جزایر سلیمان
 * Pijin: Solomon Aelan
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Insulele Solomon
 * Romansch: Inslas da Salomon
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Соломонова Острва
 * Roman: Solomonova Ostrva
 * Sinhalese: සොලමන් දුපත්
 * Slovak: Šalamúnove ostrovy
 * Slovene: Salomonovi otoki
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Kapuluang Solomon, Kapuluang Salomon
 * Tajik: ҷазираҳои Соломон
 * Tatar: Соломон утраулары
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Solomon adalary
 * Ukrainian: Соломо́нові острови́
 * Urdu: جَزائِر سُلَیمان
 * Uyghur: سولومون ئاراللىرى
 * Uzbek: Solomon orollari
 * Vietnamese: Xô-lô-môn, quần đảo Xô-lô-môn
 * Welsh: Ynysoedd Solomon
 * Yiddish: סאָלאָמאָן־אינדזלן
 * Yoruba: Etikun Solomoni

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Solomon Islands


text:
Greenland

Etymology
From, , from 🇰🇲.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Spitzbergen, another island in Europe formerly thought to have been part of Greenland.
 * 1)  Spitzbergen, another island in Europe formerly thought to have been part of Greenland.
 * 1)  Spitzbergen, another island in Europe formerly thought to have been part of Greenland.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Groenland
 * Albanian: Groenlanda, Grenlanda
 * Amharic: ግሪንላንድ
 * Arabic: جِرِينْلَانْد
 * Aragonese: Gronlandia
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: Гренландия
 * Basque: Groenlandia
 * Bavarian: Grönland, Grenland
 * Belarusian: Грэнла́ндыя, Грэнля́ндыя
 * Bengali: গ্রিনল্যান্ড
 * Breton: Greunland
 * Bulgarian: Гренла́ндия
 * Burmese: ဂရင်းလန်ကျွန်း
 * Carpathian Rusyn: Ґренланд, Ґронсько
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: Гренланди
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 格陵蘭
 * Hokkien: 格陵蘭
 * Mandarin:
 * Chuvash: Гренланди
 * Cornish: Greunland
 * Corsican: Gruenlandia
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: ގުރީންލޭންޑު
 * Dutch:
 * Eastern Mari: Гренландий
 * Esperanto: Groenlando
 * Estonian:
 * Extremaduran: Groenlandia
 * Farefare: Dẽlmadẽtɔtɩŋa, Dẽlmadẽtɔtẽŋa
 * Faroese: Grønland
 * Fiji Hindi: Greenland
 * Finnish:
 * Franco-Provençal: Grônlande
 * French:
 * Gagauz: Grenlandiya
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: გრენლანდია
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: Grönland
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guaraní: Gyroẽlándia, Kyoẽlándia
 * Gujarati: ગ્રીનલેન્ડ
 * Haitian Creole: Groenlann
 * Hawaiian: ʻĀina ʻŌmaʻomaʻo
 * Hebrew: גְּרִינְלַנְד
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Inuktitut: ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᑦ
 * Inupiaq: Kalaallit Nunaat
 * Irish: Graonlainn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: Tanah Ijo
 * Kabiyé: Krowelandɩ
 * Kalenjin: Grinlande
 * Kamba: Grinlandi
 * Kannada: ಗ್ರೀನ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: ហ្គ្រិនលែនដ៍
 * Kikuyu: Grinlandi
 * Komi-Zyrian: Гренландия
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Ladino: Groenlandia
 * Lao: ກຣີນແລນ
 * Latin: Groenlandia
 * Latvian: Grenlande
 * Ligurian: Gròenlandia
 * Limburgish: Greunland
 * Lingala: Groenlandi
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard: Gruenlandia
 * Low German:
 * Dutch Low Saxon: Gruunlaand
 * German Low German: Gröönland
 * Luhya: Grinlandi
 * Luo: Grinland
 * Luxembourgish: Grönland
 * Macedonian: Гренланд
 * Maithili: ग्रीनल्याण्ड
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: Greenland, Tanah Hijau
 * Malayalam: ഗ്രീൻലാൻഡ്
 * Maltese: Greenland, Grinlend
 * Manx: Greenlyn
 * Maori: Kirinirana, Kirīnirangi
 * Marathi: ग्रीनलँड
 * Meru: Grinlandi
 * Mingrelian: გრენლანდია
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Гренланд
 * Nahuatl: Groentlalpan
 * Navajo: Haʼaʼaahjí Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah
 * Nepali: ग्रीनल्याण्ड
 * Norman: Groenland, Greenland
 * North Frisian: Greenlun
 * Northern Sami: Ruonáenan
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Grønland
 * Nynorsk: Grønland
 * Occitan: ,
 * Odia: ଗ୍ରୀନଲାଣ୍ଡ
 * Old English:
 * Old Norse: Grǿnland, Grǿnaland
 * Oromo: Griinlaandi
 * Ossetian: Гренланди
 * Papiamentu: Groenlandia
 * Pashto: ګروینلېند
 * Pennsylvania German: Grienland
 * Persian: گرینلند, گروئنلند
 * Picard: Groenland, Groënland
 * Piedmontese: Groenlandia
 * Pitcairn-Norfolk: Griinland
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Punjabi:
 * Quechua: Grunlandya, Kalalit Suyu
 * Romanian: Groenlanda
 * Russian:
 * Rwanda-Rundi: Goronulande
 * Samogitian: Grenlandėjė
 * Sardinian: Groenlàndia
 * Saterland Frisian: Gräinlound
 * Scots: Greenland
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Грѐнланд
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: Groenlannia
 * Silesian: Grynlandyjo
 * Sinhalese: ග්‍රීන්ලන්තය
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Somali: Griinland
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Grönlandska
 * Upper Sorbian: Grönlandska
 * Spanish:
 * Sundanese: Lemah Héjo
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Lupanlunti, Greenland
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: கிறீன்லாந்து
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: กรีนแลนด์
 * Tibetan: གེ་རེན་ལ
 * Tok Pisin: Greenland
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Grenlandiýa
 * Ukrainian: Гренла́ндія, Ґренла́ндія
 * Urdu: گرین لینڈ
 * Uyghur: گرېنلاندىيە
 * Uzbek:
 * Cyrillic: Гренландия
 * Venetian: Groenłandia
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:, Grönän
 * Welsh: Ynys Las
 * West Flemish: Groenland
 * West Frisian:
 * Wolof: Groenlaand
 * Yakut: Гренландия
 * Yiddish: גרינלאַנד
 * Yoruba: Gerelandi, Grínlándì
 * Zazaki: Gronlanda
 * Zealandic: Hroenland

Etymology
, from +.

title: Greenland


text:
Talk:treaty

I've removed the beginning of a list of treaties. It is information that belongs in an encyclopedia rather than a dictionary. Eclecticology

Hello. I have put the list of treaty because I thing it is useful for translators. I am currently studying translation (well, when I am not on wiki) and I have to look for the exact translations in Spanish or Fench of some proper names. The translation is not always obvious : where to put capital letters, names of places which changes, names of persons who changes ... Regards. -- youssef

 * There is already a small list of treaties at List of treaties. Perhaps these might be compared to whatever similar lists may exist on the Spanish or French Wikipedias.  If they don't exist, you may find it a useful exercise to create them.  Eclecticology 09:56 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * Ups. You already discovered that page ;-). I have to be less lazy and make a stub for treaty on my favourites wikipedias. -- youssef

Trisyllabic Irish pronunciation
A lot of Irish people have a trisyllabic pronunciation in lento, carefully enunciated speech; cf. real vs reel. A few examples in a Senate debate on the EU Fiscal Treaty in this webcast starting at 3h20m in, corresponding to this transcript. Jnestorius (talk) 19:00, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:treaty


text:
Talk:be

(Unsectioned discussion)
This is the most common and most complicated verb in a great many languages. This article will need considerable expansion to provide a greater understanding of its many facets. Eclecticology
 * Not only that but it is also analyzed as a copula and some languages have a copula which is not a verb (Japanese), some languages use a word only in some tenses, some have a verb for exist which is not used in the common ways English be is used. — Hippietrail 21:57, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Personally, I'm not sure how one would even quantify "most complicated." Be is certainly the most syntactically irregular, but that's just a side-effect of its frequency.  For my money, prepositions are at least as complicated (whatever that may mean), and even if we restrict our scope to verbs, go, have and will are pretty hairy semantically.  For example, not all languages use going to as a future tense marker, Spanish distinguishes haber and tener even in auxilliary senses (haber for conjugations, tener que for have to/must), will as in want and will as a future tense marker will translate differently, the future tense marker is often not a separate verb, etc., etc.
 * The more important concern, though, is to represent be and other centrally important words as accurately as we can. I think perhaps what the original comment is driving at is that, unlike most words, the really central words and constructions of a language cannot be reasonably approximated by other words.  -dmh 13:27, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The auxilliary senses need work in general, and there should be some mention of passive voice. -dmh 18:57, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Why is there two sections of translation? Eruantalon 10. September 2004
 * If anyone knows the difference between the Catalan: ser, estar and haver then we'll know ... is it copular versus intransitive 'to be' ??? — DavidL 22:05 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Unilang says that Catalan present compound tenses are formed with estar (to be). Haver (to have) is used in forming compound past tenses like in English and the other romance languages. So I think something is wrong in this article. — Hippietrail 03:56, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Not only english and the other romance languages, but also germanic languages. 212.2.2.106 20:11, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

beest
Wherefore wouldst thou place the term beest upon this accompanying page? I guess 'twould be far from necessary, but pretty fricking useful nevatheless. --ex-admin part-time sockpuppetting quasi-vandal Wonderfool 10:56, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

paradigm
Is there any way to show the paradigms for archaic English conjugations? John Riemann Soong 23:19, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a very good question which I'd thought a little about in the past and then some more when I read Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth recently. I would very much like to mark English verbs which have archaic forms apart from those which don't and I'd like the English inflection templates extended to cope with them. Now that the templates are smart it will be easy to add a preference to hide or show archaic forms as each user prefers. I highly recommend bringing this topic to the Beer parlour. — Hippietrail 23:27, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Etymology after cleanup
I don’t like the etymology section after Pathoschild’s cleanup. It is now one etymology section, with three bullets instead of the three etymology sections each followed by their use, as it is explained in WT:ELE. What do others think? Enforce policy or change it? henne 12:17, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I prefer to have three separate ===Etymology (1,2,3)=== sections, the way it was. That’s how we’ve been doing it and it’s a lot easier to make sense of the page. When the etymologies are condensed, it’s difficult to tell what is what. —Stephen 12:35, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

RFV discussion
I'm not convinced that the last sense "Used to form the subjunctive" is a distinct sense. Every verb (except maybe modal verbs) has the same form in the subjunctive as its infinitive.

The original example for this sense was the incomprehensible (to my mind) "Be she more patient", which I take it is meant to mean "May she be more patient", which is indeed in the subjunctive. I have changed it to the much more understandable "I must insist that you be quiet."

Whichever of these sentences is used, all we have here is "to be" in the subjunctive, rather than being used as an auxiliary, which would apply to another verb to turn it into the subjunctive. There is no other verb in these examples, and I'm not aware of how you could use "be" in this way.

So I think this sense should go, otherwise we might as well have "Used to form the past" and then give an example using "was". (Incidentally, that usage is already covered by "be" used to form continuous tenses, which is a legitimate sense that should certainly stay.) — Paul G 15:02, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Although the infinitive form of the verb be is used to form the subjunctive, you are correct that the subjunctive mood is not solely dominated by use of the single verb be. It's only that be looks so different when it inflects in the present, so it's use to form the subjunctive is more often noticed.  This merits some sort of note, I think, though not a separate definition.  BTW, your change of the example isn't entirely a good one.  It changes the verb to a mandative construction that borders on the imperative, albeit a weak version. You would preserve the distinction better by avoiding the second person pronoun.  --EncycloPetey 21:25, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV failed, sense removed. However, subjunctive "be" does have some special properties — for example, "be it/they" = "whether it's/they're" — that might warrant a usage note. —Ruakh TALK 15:20, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Auxiliary usage (possibly colloquial)
Just a thought, I think it might be colloquial but I think it might be worth including its use as an auxiliary for forming the future tense (as conj. be + infitive). I certainly hear it every now and then. Example:
 * Instead of He will be king it would be He is to be king
 * Or instead of I will leave tomorrow it would be I am to leave tomorrow.

As I said, it might be colloquial, but that's still noteworthy. I've usually taken it to be less certain than "will" or "shall" however. I usually take it as "that's the current intention anyway". Any thoughts? - Estoy Aquí 00:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's colloquial at all; if anything, I think it's a bit formal. But yes, you're right, we don't seem to be covering that sense. —Ruakh TALK 01:33, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I really wasn't sure. I don't hear it often enough to be sure so I thought best not to risk making it sound more standard than I knew it was. Another I've thought of is obligation (again, it might be colloquial - even less sure this time ;) ). It might be the same as the former use, since I can only think of it being used in the imperative. E.g.:
 * You are to leave tomorrow!. (with imperative tone) meaning That's what you must do!
 * as oppossed to the slightly different meaning of (excluding the fact that the following is interrogative):
 * Are you to leave tomorrow? meaning Is that what you will do? not Do you have to leave tomorrow?
 * Not sure if it's the same, cause it is slightly different, but is usually distinguished only by tone of voice. - Estoy Aquí 00:20, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not actually familiar with the latter; maybe it's a British thing? For me, "be to __" always has some sense of obligation, even if it's a fairly weak one. It's like there's an implicit "supposed" (British "meant"), but without ambiguity between deontic (=how the world should be) and epistemic (=how the world is thought to be) senses. —Ruakh TALK 00:57, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

derived terms
This page could do with some derived terms....however, it will be a crazy amount of work to try to find all the terms. --Jackofclubs 08:06, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

for consideration
First, I noticed that most of the examples do not use the actual word "be" and so could be by that "form of be" itself whether is or was instead of by be which is only minimally demonstrated by "be." Secondly, I do not see the definition "to develop into" in the usage, "I want to be a fireman." Perhaps that should be added as a definition since the word is used that way. Thirdly, a definition of "Has/have the qualification specified" includes many of the seperate definitions and should be mentioned (if not replace the others.) Finally, to claim that "be" is subjunctive - though indeed in other dictionaries - seems in conflict with the usages "must be" and "cannot be" Please consider and edit accordingly.

Tea room discussion
Obviously a complicated one....I am looking at senses 5, 7 and 9 of this verb. Is there really a meaningful difference between them, and, if so, can we find some better example sentences to make this more clear? Ƿidsiþ 10:42, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

 * 5 and 9 seem to be the same, linking the subject to an adjectival description. But 7 might be different as it links the subject to a noun. Descriptions could be improved, possibly / probably. -- A LGRIF  talk 14:00, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

 * They look different to me:
 * Sense 5 describes actual identity: "He is my older brother." That is, the referent and the predicate describe the same unique entity. (If "ignorance is bliss" is actually meant in this fashion, that would imply that there is no bliss apart from ignorance, and no ignorance which is not blissful.)
 * Sense 9 attributes properties (sky != deep blue): "My older brother is a tall man." "Ignorance is a blissful state."  There are many tall men, but only one is my older brother; likewise, there may be many blissful states apart from ignorance.
 * Quite distinctly from these, sense 7 describes playing a role: "I'm being your mother now." Obviously the "president of France" example could equally be sense 9, so this should be replaced.
 * At any rate, this is messy stuff and IMO how one draws lines between senses of "to be" has more to do with philosophy than with actual word usage. Suggest a survey of other dictionaries as a starting point. -- Visviva 14:49, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

age
Doesn't it sound more reasonable that the sense be not with this word, but with the numbers? This building is three hundred years old. He looks twelve, but is actually thirteen, and will turn fourteen next week. The latter example shows he looks twelve denoting an age relation but does not use the word be. I can't think of a phrase which uses "...n years old" which wouldn't make sense with years old omitted. 202.124.73.210 06:10, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

 * As we have entries for many number words and symbols, we'd have to put something in each number or have an Appendix on the grammar of numbers in English. I favor the latter, but it is a hard one to write. DCDuring TALK 00:14, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree, otherwise I wouldn't know where to put my translations. Also describing the age is very different in many languages - with or without verbs, the word for "year" may be different if talking about the age but in English there is usually "be" present, at least one thing to hold onto. --Anatoli 02:07, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

be
Rfv-sense. The defintion "Used to indicate temperature" seems to me not to be justified. It tags along with "Used to indicate age", "Used to indicate height", and "Used to indicate weather conditions", however, I don't think we can say, for instance, "It's 65 today" with the ease that we can say "it's warm today" or "he's 5'10" ". The example given, "It’s in the eighties outside, and next week it’s expected to be in the nineties!", also suggests that this definition isn't able to stand on its own. __meco 12:15, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * This seems like it might be converted to an "rfd-redundant sense". The last five senses all seem to be instances of using "be" with a bare number (not exactly a noun or adjective) to indicate a count or measurement. The senses above (5 and 6, I think) that give non-gloss definitions of "be" as link a subject to an adjective or to a noun phrase. Is what is needed here ? DCDuring TALK 17:08, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think the three count/measurement definitions (age/height/weather) can be done away with that simply. They are idiomatic in a way that would be lost in the generalization which you suggest. You can say of a person that "she is 43" and everybody would know that the unit implied is years. If you did the same about an arbitrary tree or a car ("it is 15") you would most likely engender a confused stare. I don't think I fully grasp the implications and use of the non-gloss definition template, but I sense that it is perhaps part of the solution here. __meco 17:25, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that the specific meanings depend on context and not on inherent meanings carried by "be". "She is 98" could refer to weight, body temperature, or age. The value of the number and the context of the discussion usually limit the number of senses possible. Nor is it limited to people. A tree or a car could "be 10". Certainly my pet could be. I doubt that you would have much trouble with many native speakers with "The surface of the Sun is only 10,000, whereas the interior is 15 million." The common element is the linkage. Arguably the linkage to measurement differs from the other linkages defined at "be". DCDuring TALK 18:13, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Re: "I think that the specific meanings depend on context and not on inherent meanings carried by 'be'": Yes, I agree; however, I added those senses as a result of Requests for deletion, where two editors (Rod and EP, though Rod sounded iffy) expressed a desire for them. The argument was basically that many other languages normally use other kinds of constructions for these meanings; not a great argument, since most of these senses apply to all or most English linking verbs (not just ), but there you have it. (Note: since three editors eventually expressed opposition to these senses — you, me, and msh210 — it might be worth RFD-ing them.) —Ruakh TALK 18:25, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

 * We've had this conversation before, and IIRC we agreed that an appendix on English copulae, linked from the several words that function this way would go a long way towards solving the issue. --EncycloPetey 18:07, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

 * That seems like a good idea. It's a little hard on users to have five virtually redundant senses on top of ten others. The translation tables and such an appendix could carry the burden of precision while the entry itself could be a bit shorter. Maybe we can put off any RfDs until we have the appendix, which many of the more learned among us will team up to do in their copious free time. DCDuring TALK 19:38, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

 * gets two relevant hits, and gets another six. You're right that it's not as common as age, height, etc.; I think the reason for that is that we tend to be less precise with weather than with personal statistics, and when we are being precise, we generally include units. —Ruakh TALK 18:25, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

 * There doesn't seem to be a good conclusion here as far as changing the status quo, so I am leaving it and archiving the discussion. - 23:56, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

To be + infinitive (obligation)
1) Can we add as follows " Used with the infinitive of a verb to express intention, obligation, or future action " ? 2) What's the different between "to have to .... " and "to be to ...." when one wants to express an obligation.

be #Translingual
Translingual: The ISO 3166-2 country code for Belgium.

We've been deleting these, haven't we? DCDuring TALK 17:00, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Not as far as I know. You might be thinking of language codes. --Yair rand (talk) 17:02, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete because it should be capital letters, but keep BE. No reason to delete valid internationally recognised codes that are in common use.--Dmol 01:30, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * delete because of wrong caps. -- Prince Kassad 16:14, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:06, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

deleted -- Prince Kassad 22:24, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

be
Rfd-redundant: Used to indicate temperature. Tagged but not listed, see the previous discussion at rfv (on the talk page) for details. Also, people in the chat think that sense 5 isn't really any distinct from sense 4, either, but I haven't tagged it so far. -- Prince Kassad 22:52, 26 January 2011 (UTC)
 * 5 ("Used to indicate that the subject and object are the same: Ignorance is bliss") from 4 ("elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar: The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come; I have been to Spain many times.")? Really? —msh210℠ (talk) 06:21, 27 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Whoops. What I meant is the senses: (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject and object are the same. and (transitive, copulative, mathematics) Used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same., where I really fail to see the difference. -- Prince Kassad 00:23, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Redundant to which? 18 ("Used to indicate weather, air quality, or the like: It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid; Why is it so dark in here?")? —msh210℠ (talk) 06:21, 27 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Quote from that RfV discussion, which I think is what you might be looking for: This seems like it might be converted to an "rfd-redundant sense". The last five senses all seem to be instances of using "be" with a bare number (not exactly a noun or adjective) to indicate a count or measurement. The senses above (5 and 6, I think) that give non-gloss definitions of "be" as link a subject to an adjective or to a noun phrase. Is what is needed here ? DCDuring TALK 17:08, 13 July 2008 (UTC) -- Prince Kassad 09:17, 27 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I now tagged all relevant senses with (or at least I think I got them all) -- Prince Kassad 22:37, 30 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Tagged are "14. Used to indicate age", "15. Used to indicate height", "16. Used to indicate time of day, day of the week, or date", and "19. Used to indicate temperature". Of those, I agree that 14, 15, and 19 can be combined into one, perhaps with the wording quoted above from DCDuring. As to 16: Its usexes are "It is almost eight" and "Today is the second, so I guess next Tuesday must be the tenth", of which the first uses the impersonal it and the second does not, so either (1) it should be split into two senses, one of which uses the impersonal it and the other of which should be subsumed into "9. Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase: The sky is a deep blue today" or (2) we include impersonal-it senses with others so that "18. Used to indicate weather, air quality, or the like: It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid" is redundant to "8. Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it: The sky is blue". Or is there difference I'm not seeing between the issue of splitting current-16 into theoretical-smaller-16 and subsumed-into-9 and that of splitting theoretical-larger-8 into current-8 and current-18? —msh210℠ (talk) 16:12, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This refers to the senses "Used to indicate X" where X is "age", "height", "time of day, day of week, or date", and "temperature". I agree: there is no end to these. (For example, it could indicate weight: "I am 75 kilograms".) So delete. Equinox ◑ 19:46, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

closed as deleted. -- Liliana • 18:25, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

"To be" meaning "to act like"
This article omits the usage of the verb "to be" to indicate imitation. For instance, one might say "Rick Mercer used that accent because he was being Jean Chrétien." In this usage, the "am being/are being/etc." syntax is used for the present, "was being/were being" for the past, and the ongoing-tense conjugation is usually "I be, you be, he/she/it bes, we be, they be." ("Bes" is pronounced "bees.") This is never done in "proper English" contexts, but you can hear it in conversation all the time (mainly among under-30s) and occasionally on television where I live in southern Ontario. This isn't necessarily a serious omission, but I have pointed it out.66.102.65.42 22:53, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Tea room discussion 2
Special:PermanentLink/24549060

Sense 4 (intransitive, without predicate) elliptical form of for "be here", "go to and return from" or similar. Surely this sense is only ever encountered in the form have/has been and some consider this to be an alternative perfect past form of go. Opinions? -- A LGRIF  talk 15:28, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.
 * I have been to Spain many times.
 * Agree, it doesn't sound like the verb "to be". The expression "been and gone" might throw some light on this?    D b f  i  r  s   17:51, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Tea room discussion 3
In a sentence like "I try not to offend them: I be polite, I take off my shoes when entering their house, etc", what form of "be" am I using? The infinitive? A conjunctive/subjunctive form? I am aware that I could also say "I am polite", but isn't "I be polite" also grammatical, if literary? What form am I using in the sentence "I'll make you a deal: I be nice to your friend John, you be nice to my friend Jane"? Phol 07:54, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * You be nice is imperative. I be polite is, I believe, an antiquated form of the present indicative. —Stephen (Talk) 09:31, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * That use of be is part of AAVE. Some linguists who study the dialect assert that it is usually used to indicate a habitual or characteristic or, at least, continuing state or condition. Superficially, it seems to me to be used to cover more tenses, aspects, and moods than that. DCDuring TALK 15:04, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not just AAVE. It's relatively rare, but I remember noticing it in a preview for Bratz: The Movie; one of the lead characters asks, "What do we do?" and another replies, "We be ourselves." (N.B. I don't know if this exchange occurred in the actual movie; previews are not always accurate.) I think everyone can agree that "We are ourselves" would not have worked (though I'm sure that many speakers will find that even "We be ourselves" will not work for them). As for what form — I think it's just a regular old non-third-person-singular present indicative form, but of a certain, defective sense of be. ("Defective" in that it doesn't have a complete conjugation; I'm fine with "We be ourselves", but I would not be fine with "So what did you do?" ?"I be'd myself!". Some speakers, however, do accept "be's" and "be'd", so for them I guess the conjugation isn't defective.) CGEL, by the way, refers to this sense of be as "lexical be", giving the example of "Why don't you be more tolerant?" —Ruakh TALK 15:23, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * This work has be's as an inflected form sometimes occurring in the corpus used. OTOH, be'd seems much rarer. DCDuring TALK 17:24, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I think we need to backtrack a bit. Above, I wrote, "It's not just AAVE"; but really what I should have written was, "it's not AAVE at all ". I disagree with your statement above, "That use of be is part of AAVE." There is a use of "be" that is part of AAVE, but Phol is (I believe) asking about a different use. My comment was about the use that (s)he is asking about. So the book that you link to, with its AAVE quotations that use be's, is not relevant to my comment. —Ruakh TALK 18:23, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * See under Observations. —Stephen (Talk) 18:32, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * All these non-subjunctive senses might well be archaisms reflecting the Old English dual conjugation of the copula, see beon-wesan. In fact, ic bēo(m), þū bist, hē/hēo/it biþ, wē/gē/hī bēoþ, which would then be continued more or less directly in I be, thou beest, he/she/it be, we/ye/they be (which is also found as the general paradigm dialectally), do seem to have had a habitual sense originally. Note that AAVE can very well continue dialectal/archaic features conveyed through Southern American English dialects. Fascinating stuff. --Florian Blaschke 19:43, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * @Stephen G. Brown: Yeah, that may be what Phol has in mind; I wouldn't have thought so, except that (s)he describes it as "literary", which is a fair description of that use, and not a fair description of the use that I mentioned. —Ruakh TALK 19:44, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Thinking over it again, the usage that Phol describes (and you, Ruakh, too, in your movie example) may rather be something else than an archaism – just an infinitive with a pronoun prepended: "What do we do?" – "We? Be ourselves." or "We, be ourselves." Though this might eventually have been supported by the archaic or (also) AAVE usage. --Florian Blaschke 19:59, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Re "What do we do? ―We be ourselves", is that because there's an elided "do" in there ("We [do] be ourselves"), copied over from the question? Does the answer to that question make any difference? —msh210℠ (talk) 22:01, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * This source characterizes non-imperative "do be" as part of Irish English and not part of Standard English, the latter being in accord with my ear.
 * There are a few things you can't quite say without it. "So what do we do? Do we be ourselves?" Definitely cannot use "are" here. Equinox ◑ 20:25, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I would be nice to know more about the context of the usages Phol has offered for discussion. DCDuring TALK 22:27, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * sorry, i've just been following this discussion rather interestedly. Perhaps this is actually a (rare) example of a first-person plural imperative being attested in English? Piddle 05:14, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * CGEL's "lexical be" seems like a simple infinitive to me, at least in the example given. Phol 06:52, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * No, sorry, you misunderstand me. CGEL's "lexical be" is not a form, but a sense. Like, the word "child" has one sense where it means "young human" (as in "hundreds of children attend the school") and one sense where it means "a human's offspring" (as in "all of her children are in their thirties"). In the example sentence, "Why don't you be more tolerant?", the form is the infinitive, but the sense is the so-called "lexical be". —Ruakh TALK 14:47, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Ah, gotcha. Phol 21:12, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * So would a good definition be "To exist or behave in the manner specified" with a usage note about how it differs from the usual be? —msh210℠ (talk) 22:01, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Ah, now I gotcha (I hope); it is easier to handle this as a sense (with its own conjugated forms), rather than as a conjugated form. Hang]] might be a model for how to explain the differing conjugations of the different senses. Phol 00:30, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I can't be sure it's the same form, because I'm not sure what the form is, but I think "what do we do? we be ourselves" is great example of the form I'm thinking of. An alternate indicative rather than a subjunctive seems like a good explanation. In fact, I would guess that Ruakh's defective conjugation of "be" is Stephen's archaic conjugation, which just lost a few forms as it made its way into the modern era. (It's not missing past tense forms for me; I'd say "what did I do? I was myself"; but I am missing a third person singular indicative.) The difference between the conjugations for me is that "I be" connotes doing, whereas "I am" is static. "I am polite to them" means I am unremarkably showing them the politeness I generally show everyone (and note this as I list everything that should lead to them not being offended), whereas "I be polite to them" emphasizes that I show them politeness (even when they test me with rudeness, or even when my politeness is not sincere). Hence I wrote "I be" in an e-mail, but then I questioned the grammar. (And FWIW I would say "We’re in Japan! What do we do? We be ourselves.") Re: my second, hypothetical example: I suppose whether "I'll make you a deal: I be nice to John, you be nice to Jane" is subjunctive or imperative depends on whether it's truly an offer or a demand. Phol 06:52, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Re: "'I be' connotes doing, whereas 'I am' is static": Yes, exactly: "I be polite" is a lexical be, whereas "I am polite" is a regular copula be. —Ruakh TALK 14:47, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * So, how's this for a usage note? (Maybe we should have a giant collapsible table of forms like rechercher.) Phol 21:12, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * In the case of I'll make you a deal: I be nice to your friend John, you be nice to my friend Jane? ... That's a subjunctive form. Fee, fie, fo, fum / I smell the blood of an Englishman; / Be he alive or be he dead, / I'll grind his bones to make my bread. (Jack and the Beanstalk) --AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 15:29, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * This is correct. --Jtle515 (talk) 23:20, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

"Be" as present tense

 * Relevant previous discussion: Special:PermanentLink/24548883

Isn't "be" sometimes used as the present tense? As in "Sometimes I just be quiet and let her talk". Certainly the forms starting with "b" were often used for the present tense in Old English, and there's the expression "Here be dragons", though I'm not sure whether that is attested (see the Wikipedia article on it). Eric Kvaalen (talk) 06:31, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Ruakh added the above note about a relevant previous discussion in the "Tea room", and that discussion answers my question very well -- namely, the form "be" is used in a special way in Modern English (called "lexical be"), and it was also used as a normal indicative in former times, with examples in Shakespeare and the King James Bible. I'm gonna add something about this to the article. There is one thing at the end of that discussion I would disagree with: Someone says that in the example "I'll make you a deal: I be nice to your friend John, you be nice to my friend Jane" the form "be" is a subjunctive. I don't agree, because if we use another verb and third person, we would add "s": I'll make you a deal: I get $100 and your candidate gets my vote. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 06:23, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Isn't this will be, in which "will" is omitted because "be" is already good enough: Sometimes I'll just be quiet and let her talk. And: I'll be nice to your friend and you'll be nice to your friend. I'm not sure, but that's how I've always thought of it.
 * How would you negate these sentences? Would you say: Sometimes I be not quiet and let her talk. Or: Sometimes I don't be quiet and let her talk. Or: Sometimes I won't be quiet and let her talk. For me it's the latter, but I don't know...
 * Definitely Sometimes I don't be quiet and let her talk. —Ruakh TALK 15:29, 19 March 2014 (UTC)
 * is definitely still used instead of in rural parts of the west country (UK):- "I be goin' down the pub". SemperBlotto (talk) 15:36, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

 * This is definitely a colloquial present tense of the verb to be with a more active meaning than a simple copula. It is not just a dropped "will". It is more commonly used in the present progressive "I'm being nice". It is sometimes avoided in the simple present as it sounds a bit awkward, but sometimes it is used. @SemperBlotto, I think that is a different usage than the one here. --WikiTiki89 15:38, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Whether it be
Should there be a mention of phrases like "whether it be"? AmericanLeMans (talk) 03:06, 3 November 2013 (UTC)

Be as indicative
I'm not doubting the claim that be was or has been used as an indicative, but is the following sentence really an example of this?? I think it be thine indeed, for thou liest in it. It seems to be subjunctive in a clause dependent on "think". Well, at least it's a doubtful case and hence not a good example. I think it should be replaced.

"to be into" and similar
where would be the right place for fixed combinations with prepositions, like "to be into sth."?? Just adding it in the long list of the meanings of "to be" did not look right to me.

RFV discussion: October 2013–July 2014
Are these actually used by anyone? According to Wikipedia, the usage of these alternative names is a "proposal by Kálmán Kalocsay", but it sounds like one of those things that nobody ever actually started using. A quick Google search for these brings up the Wiktionary entries themselves, a website proposing that people use these letter names instead of the normal ones, and a confused forum post with a bunch of replies indicating that nobody has ever heard of this alternative version of the names. (Entries up for RFV are those added to the eo letters list template in this edit.)

(If anyone can show evidence that these are used, durably archived or not, I'll withdraw the RFV even if it doesn't technically satisfy CFI, since passing CFI is frequently hard for smaller languages.) --Yair rand (talk) 15:38, 17 October 2013 (UTC)
 * (This was apparently also brought up by an IP a while back: Category talk:eo:Latin letter names. --Yair rand (talk) 15:41, 17 October 2013 (UTC))

 * When accurate transmission is necessary, seems like one should rather use Asfalto/Barbaro/Centimetro/Ĉefo/Doktoro... ~ Röbin Liönheart (talk) 20:04, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * So what are all the alternative letter names? — Ungoliant (falai) 21:56, 18 June 2014 (UTC)
 * be, ce, ĉa, de, ef, ge, ĝe, ha, ĥi, je, ĵi, ka, el, om, en, pa, ar, es, eŝ, ta, eŭ, vi, ze —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 22:59, 18 June 2014 (UTC)
 * All failed. — Ungoliant (falai) 23:50, 5 July 2014 (UTC)

Roots of the 'be' paradigm
Hi. The Etymology section in the English definition shows the following:

From. The various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.
 * 1) The forms beginning with b- come from, from , from , from the root.
 * 2) The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned, which shared its past tense with the verb , from , from.
 * 3) The remaining forms are also from, from , from , from the root.

The last item, stating that the remaining forms of the verb come from, does not seem correct. If it were, then the statement could be merged with item 2, which already indicates that some forms of the verb come from this Proto-Germanic root. Moreover, note that the last item incorrectly presents as derived from, from the root , while item 2 describes the correct one:   as derived from. However, note that the remaining forms of the verb "be" which the last item could refer to, do reflect the inherited PIE verb whose root was, just that they do it directly, that is, not passing through forms of. For example, we have the PIE first person present indicative h₁es-mi yielding *ezmi > *izmi and from here to Proto-Germanic *immi. Similarly, Proto-Germanic second person present indicative form *izi, which yielded OE is, is derived from *ezi, from PIE *h₁esi.

--Rubén Maguregui (talk) 16:55, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

 * That states that these forms of *h¹es had already been merged into the suppletive paradigm of *wesana in Proto-Germanic. Universal-Interessierter (talk) 16:40, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

1st and 3rd person singular were is a non-tensed form
According to the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, page 87, 1st and 3rd person singular were is a non-tensed form --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:56, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

African American Vernacular English imperfective aspect
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfective_aspect African American Vernacular English does have an imperfective aspect for present tense formed by adding "be" before the present continuous of a verb, such as "he be working", or "they be eating". This is however, considered non-standard in formal conversation] --Backinstadiums (talk) 09:08, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

to be continued
What meaning of be is used in to be continued? --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:26, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

 * #11 used to form passive voice. "This film will be continued later". Equinox ◑ 20:38, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

Please be advised
What meaning is used in the sentence please be advised? --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:05, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

headed
What is the morphological analysis (Part of Speech) of headed in where are you headed? It cannot be a passive from an intransitive verb, and no meaning of head can be used with the adjectival suffix. Then again, head is a verb which does indicate motion, so the verb be might be the auxiliary "Used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs; this was more common in archaic use, especially with verbs indicating motion" --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:10, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

Transitivity
Why exactly does it call the English verb "be" a transitive verb? It takes no object. The sentence "I am a boy" cannot be written in the passive as, "A boy is been by me."
 * I support this. To be + object is a predicate where be forms are auxiliary (maybe not in the grammar sense). If you divide it logically (i.e. claim it to be transitive), that would mean that you consider the other part of the predicate an object separate from the subject. In I am fifteen years old, fifteen years old is not an object upon which an action is performed by I. I analyzed all the claimed-to-be-transitive senses on the entry page and they all seem intransitive to me. GareginRA (talk) 17:32, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

Monday was a week (time)
See Tea room/2020/May. - -sche (discuss) 19:32, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

some dialects, for example, use is or ’s throughout the present indicative (supplanting, in whole or in part, am and are)
Could somebody add some info regarding the reasons for this? --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:57, 12 June 2020 (UTC)

this be the very woman
This was under sense 1, the intransitive sense "exist", but it doesn't seem to be that sense, or to be intransitive: - -sche (discuss) 03:29, 4 July 2020 (UTC)
 * 1886-88,, The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night:
 * Now one day of the days,the Sultan cast his eyes upon her as she stood before him, and said to his Grand Wazir, "This be the very woman whereof I spake to thee yesterday, so do thou straightway bring her before me, that I may see what be her suit and fulfil her need."

need-be
Were there not a need-be of wisdom, nothing would be as it is. https://oed.com/oed2/00156446 --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

RFD discussion: July–August 2020
Delete sense 24: "to be alive". I don't see it as distinct from sense 1, "to exist", and in fact Shakespeare's quote "to be or not to be" is used for both of them. Sense 1 might be reworded or fleshed out, but I see no need for a split. PUC – 21:14, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Speedily deleted; it was added quite recently in response to a thread above (by, and I don't mean to focus unduly on the user rather than the content, a user who doesn't seem to fully grasp Wiktionary/dictionary inclusion criteria yet), and was both obviously redundant and substandard in using the word it was defining ("be") in the definition. - -sche (discuss) 03:25, 4 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you. PUC – 21:42, 7 July 2020 (UTC)
 * if you wish to insult me, at the very least have the courtesy to notify me. As I said above, the parrot has ceased to be, yet, it still exists, even if it's dead. Alexis Jazz (talk) 13:18, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

let there be light
Should the pronoun there also be added to the imperative table? --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:02, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

ees : "alternative spelling" of is
is has ees as an "alternative spelling", but the entry of ees shows /iːz/; isn't then ees a synonym rather than an "alternative spelling"? --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Was as a form of first person singular preterite subjunctive
I have no source which is why I'm asking in the Discussion section, but I've definitely heard "if I was you" rather than "if I were you", this being in Southeast England (in working class speech only). You could argue that it's just the use of the indicative where traditionally the subjunctive would be used, but given that the other forms of the preterite are considered by Wiktionary to dialectally alternate with other forms (rather than this being a case of using a different mood) I think it would make sense if the preterite subjunctive of I 'was' given the same treatment. And, I've just proven to myself that this applies to the third personal singular as well (I had been struggling to think of an example). Anditres (talk) 21:36, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
 * These forms have indeed been treated as indicatives replacing subjunctives, because that is the conventional linguistic analysis. This is no doubt because other analyses can easily lead to absurdities: if if he was is analysed as containing a subjunctive like if he were, then there is no compelling reason not to analyse if he is as containing a subjunctive by analogy to (archaic) if he be, which would be quite plainly ridiculous. If there's entries which contain a contrary analysis, point them out to me and they can be changed. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 02:42, 25 May 2021 (UTC)

Additionally, the form wert, previously a past subjunctive form, came to be used as a past indicative as well.
Did wert replace wast? --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:28, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

been remote past usage of be. He been had that job.
been reads "remote past usage of be, he been had that job", what meaning of be is being referred to? --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:15, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

A context with an instinct to regularise
Take the following sentence:  Every day I go there and be myself Now inflect it in the third person:  Every day he goes there and __ himself What do you get? For some reason there's an instinct to use *bes there... – Nixinova [T|C] 21:53, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I found a discussion, wherein it is stated be myself “sounds perfectly OK” and “seems to follow the same pattern as “try and” and “go ” in that it works only if there is no ending on the verb”, bes himself “sounds pretty bad”, be’ed himself “is right out”, and is being himself “is OK, and is probably the form from which the others are backformed.” J3133 (talk) 06:00, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
 * It's a defective verb.
 * I think we might need to split the current definition 22 into more than one sense. I dont know the proper grammatical terms, but it seems there's a difference depending on whether a noun or adjective follows ... while the 3rd person usage is awkward in either case, I'd say he goes there and is nice everyday (with stress on "is") is at least understandable, whereas he loads the game and is a gnome everyday doesnt get the point across at all.
 * If we used an irregular form to create a sentence like he loads the game and be's a gnome everyday, it would be readily understood by everyone, but it would also be ungrammatical. (I would just reword it to he plays as a gnome, etc.) So it would also be with your example ... everyday he goes there and is himself sounds meaningless, and the form you want to use is ungrammatical.  Hence it's a defective verb.
 * With the adjective-based sentence, I think it's awkward because the usual tendency is for the stress to go on the content word, nice, and not on the linking verb is. But I think it's at least easily understood when that word is stressed.
 * I dont know. Im not fully convinced that the definition needs to broken up, but there's definitely something to this. — Soap — 20:04, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

Ety3 discussion
Since we have the "name" of the Russian б, we might as well include all other б's from Cyrillic languages and the name of the Japanese %E3%81%B9 and whatnot. This will heavily reduce the page's (and other similar pages') readability, but who cares. Alternatively, letter/character names can be listed in one section (e.g. under Translingual) and all etymologies written in entries of their respective languages. Or just shift those names to their languages entirely, calling it latinization. --GareginRA (talk) 20:34, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:be


text:
inflation

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from , the perfect passive participle of , from +. .

Noun

 * 1) An act, instance of, or state of expansion or increase in size, especially by injection of a gas.
 * 2)  An increase in the quantity of money, leading to a devaluation of existing money.
 * 3)  An increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living.
 * 4)  A decline in the value of money.
 * 5) Undue expansion or increase, as of academic grades.
 * 6)  An extremely rapid expansion of the universe, theorized to have occurred very shortly after the Big Bang.
 * 1) Undue expansion or increase, as of academic grades.
 * 2)  An extremely rapid expansion of the universe, theorized to have occurred very shortly after the Big Bang.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: şişmə
 * Belarusian: надзіма́нне, надыма́нне
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: inflament
 * Cornish: hwythans, hwethans
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: inflacio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: inflado, inchamento
 * German: Aufblasen, Aufblähung,
 * Greek: (foúskoma)
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:, ,
 * Interlingua: inflation
 * Irish: séideadh, teannadh
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Maori: whakamakohatanga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: oppblåsing
 * Pashto:, غومبه
 * Portuguese: inflamento
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili: mfumuko
 * Swedish: uppblåsning
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: надува́ння
 * Vietnamese: (sự) thổi phồng
 * Volapük:

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: تَضَخُّم
 * Hijazi Arabic: تَضَخُّم
 * Armenian:, սղաճ
 * Azerbaijani: inflasiya
 * Belarusian: інфля́цыя
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: инфла́ция
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: hwythans, hwethans
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dinka: thiɔrëɣɔ̈c
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: inflacio
 * Estonian: inflatsioon
 * Faroese: virðisminkan, inflasjón
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:, გაძვირება
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati:, મોંઘવારી
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: verðbólga
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: inflation
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: инфляция
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 인플레이션, 인플레, 통화 팽창(通貨膨脹)
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ເງິນເຟີ້,
 * Latvian: inflācija
 * Lithuanian: infliacija
 * Macedonian: инфлација
 * Malay:
 * Maori: whakapikinga utu, pikiutu
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Pashto: ,
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: инфла́ција
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: inflácia
 * Slovene: inflacija
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: inflacija
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: implasyon
 * Tajik: таваррум
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:, ภาวะเงินเฟ้อ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: inflýasiýa
 * Ukrainian: інфля́ція
 * Urdu: افراط زر
 * Uzbek: inflatsiya
 * Vietnamese: (sự) tăng giá,
 * Volapük: niflat
 * Welsh: chwyddiant
 * Yiddish: אינפֿלאַציע

 * German: inflationäre Geldvermehrung

 * German:
 * Maori: tāmi ahumoni
 * Polish:

 * German:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Korean:
 * Russian:

Etymology
, borrowed from. Cf. also the dialectal, which may be of popular origin.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  swelling

Noun

 * 1)   (of academic grades or the like)
 * 1)   (of academic grades or the like)
 * 1)   (of academic grades or the like)

title: inflation


text:
core inflation

Noun

 * 1)  Inflation excluding the increase or decrease of prices in some transitory sectors (usually food and energy).
 * 2)  Inflation excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices.
 * 1)  Inflation excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 核心通貨膨脹
 * Finnish: pohjainflaatio
 * French: inflation sous-jacente
 * German: Kerninflation

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 核心通貨膨脹
 * Finnish: pohjainflaatio
 * French: inflation sous-jacente
 * German: Kerninflation
 * Greek:

title: core inflation


text:
Talk:zijn

Could a Dutch speaking person please check this. Notably, there is a "Usage note" about grammatical gender (which may not really belong in this article). This seems to say that the possessive pronoun must agree with what it modifies, but I can't be sure that that is what is meant. Could a Dutch speaker please check? Eclecticology 09:36 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * The general rule is that the possessive pronoun must correspond with the grammatical gender of the noun:
 * singular masculine noun -> possessive pronoun = zijn (English: his)
 * singular female noun -> possessive pronoun = haar (English: her)
 * singular neuter noun -> possessive pronoun = zijn (English: its) (Dutch does not have a form to distinguish it from singular masculine)
 * However, if the grammatical gender of the noun and the real gender (sex) are not the same, the real gender takes precedence. This sometimes happens when diminutives are used. The grammatical gender of a diminutive is always neuter, but the real gender doesn't need to be (for example when we're talking about people):
 * De dame en haar hond (The lady and her dog) -> diminutive: Het dametje en haar hond (The little lady and her dog). The grammatical gender of dametje is neuter, so according to the general rule the possessive pronoun zijn should be used (Het dametje en zijn hond). But this is wrong because in real life "little ladies" are female, so the real gender takes precedence (Het dametje en haar hond). D.D. 11:29 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks! It's a good thing that I asked because I had read it as a completely different issue. Compare the French La dame et son chien where the gender of son depends on chien rather than dame. My point becomes that what is obvious to a native speaker of the language can become a completely different and sometimes unexpected issue in the eyes of a foreigner.

I'm still unable to have a vision of the big picture for handling grammar rules in a multilingual environment. This project is just full of interesting challenges. Eclecticology 17:48 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * It is, isn't it? Your question was very interesting to me too because it forced me to think about my own language and go further than what is obvious to me. Questions from non-native speakers sometimes reveal the peculiarities and richness of one's own language. Being married to a native speaker of Portuguese who has been using French as a first language for the last 20 years or so, I think I can speak from experience. D.D. 21:09 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * Three years later, I removed the grammatical notes. Most of these are not limited to just this pronoun, and rather belong in a good grammar book. There are many more important issues with this word which should be mentioned, but this is not the place to do so. — Vildricianus 13:09, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Bennen
Four years later, I wonder if bennen really is obsolete, in standard Dutch it may be obsolete. In certain dialects it is certainly not. How do I put this in nicely? Like (obsolete, dialectical) would be ambiguous to me. How about you? 81.68.255.36 15:21, 20 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It's certainly not in widespread use in any case, and I've never heard anyone say it. I imagine it would result in some strange looks too, although it would be understood. I would class it as a colloquial extension of the 1st and 2nd person singular stem ben- into a fully-fledged verb. So if not archaic or obsolete, then it certainly is colloquial and probably also humorous in nature. --CodeCat 21:21, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

You never heard it? Perhaps that's the reason why you think it's humorous, anyway colloquial does this word short I believe. Without being prejudiced, I've searched on Google the sentence 'dat benne mooie koeien' and I've seen some examples of 'bennen' being used in a dialectical context. 81.68.255.36 16:40, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Another google search 'da he je mooi doan + benne' 81.68.255.36 16:42, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * That looks like Low Saxon to me, which as far as I know is considered a separate language from Dutch (it has its own Wikipedia, too). So I don't think that can really be used as an example. It would also explain why I have never heard it, as I'm from Brabant. --CodeCat 21:02, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Okay :) 81.68.255.36 11:59, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

wezen is NOT archaic!
That's simply not true. It's colloquial, not likely to be found in newspapers, but it's by far NOT archaic (at least not in the NL territory; Holland in particular). -andy 77.190.10.183 15:58, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * It does have somewhat old-fashioned or dialectal undertones in the standard language. You wouldn't hear a newsreader say it, for example. —CodeCat 18:10, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

These words have not any common roots!
Words was, is, waren, ben - are other words! These examples are not for this article! What a crazy linguists! 128.124.180.244 16:08, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:zijn


text:
stickiness

Noun

 * 1) The property of sticking or adhering; adhesion.
 * 2) Warmth and humidity, as on a muggy day.
 * : Of prices or wages: the tendency to stay the same despite changes in the economy.
 * 1)  The presence of unique attributes that make a product indisposable and valuable to its owner.
 * 2)  A research measure that captures the extent to which viewers wish to spend more time looking at or reading a print advertisement.
 * 3)  An overemotional attachment to others; clinging in interpersonal relations; difficulty with ending conversations.
 * 1)  A research measure that captures the extent to which viewers wish to spend more time looking at or reading a print advertisement.
 * 2)  An overemotional attachment to others; clinging in interpersonal relations; difficulty with ending conversations.
 * 1)  An overemotional attachment to others; clinging in interpersonal relations; difficulty with ending conversations.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: greamaitheacht
 * Italian: vischiosità, collosità,
 * Japanese: 粘粘
 * Polish:, , , przylepność
 * Spanish: viscosidad,

title: stickiness


text:
unemployment

Noun

 * 1) The state of having no job; joblessness.
 * 2) The phenomenon of joblessness in an economy.
 * 3) The level of joblessness in an economy, often measured as a percentage of the workforce.
 * 4)  A type of joblessness due to a particular economic mechanism.
 * 5)  An instance or period of joblessness.
 * 1) The level of joblessness in an economy, often measured as a percentage of the workforce.
 * 2)  A type of joblessness due to a particular economic mechanism.
 * 3)  An instance or period of joblessness.
 * 1)  An instance or period of joblessness.
 * 1)  An instance or period of joblessness.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: werkloosheid
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: بِطَالَة, بَطَالَة
 * South Levantine Arabic: بَطَالَة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: işsizlik
 * Belarusian: беспрацо́ўя
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: အလုပ်လက်မဲ့ဖြစ်ခြင်း
 * Catalan:, parada forçosa, manca de treball, desocupació
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: maldungo
 * Estonian: tööpuudus
 * Faroese: arbeiðsloysi
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: უმუშევრობა
 * German:, Werklosigkeit
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: बेरोज़गारी,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: dífhostaíocht
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: жұмыссыздық
 * Khmer:, អកម្មភាព
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بێ ئیشی, بێکاری
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:, ການວ່າງງານ
 * Latvian: bezdarbs
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: неврабо́теност
 * Malay: pengangguran
 * Maltese: qgħad
 * Manx: mee-staartaght, neufailleydys
 * Mongolian:
 * Norman: d'sempliai
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Ossetian: ӕнӕкуыст
 * Persian: بی‌کاری
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਬੇਕਾਰੀ
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: cion-cosnaidh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: неза̀послено̄ст
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: nezamestnanosť
 * Slovene: brezposelnost
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kawalang-hanapbuhay
 * Tajik: бекорӣ
 * Tatar:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: işsizlik
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: بیروزگاری
 * Uyghur: ئىشسىزلىق
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: diweithdra, anghyflogaeth
 * Western Panjabi: بی‌کاری
 * Yiddish: אַרבעטסלאָזיקייט
 * Zazaki: bêkariye

title: unemployment


text:
wage

Etymology 1
From, from , from , a northern variant of , (whence modern French ), , from  (cognate with 🇨🇬), from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare also the doublet. More at.

Noun

 * 1)  An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: loon
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:, رَاتِب
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:, aylıq, donluq, əmək haqqı
 * Belarusian: зарабо́тная пла́та, зарпла́та
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:, , , , estipendi, remuneració,
 * Cebuano: suhol
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:, 薪水
 * Dungan: гунчян
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, timeløn
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: salajro
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian:
 * German:, Arbeitsentgelt
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: μισθός, ὀψώνιον
 * Gujarati: મજૂરી, વેતન
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, तनख़्वाह, मासिक वेतन,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, サラリー,
 * Kazakh: айлық, жалақы, еңбекақы
 * Khmer: ប្រាក់ខែ, បរិលាភ,
 * Korean:, , , , 품삯
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, , ,
 * Kyrgyz: кызмат акы, эмгек акы,
 * Lao: ຄ່າຈ້າງ,
 * Latgalian: moksa, lūne
 * Latin: mercēs, manupretium
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: užmokestis,
 * Luxembourgish: Loun
 * Macedonian: пла́та
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam: വേതന,
 * Maltese: paga
 * Manchu: ᠪᠠᠰᠠ
 * Maori: utu-ā-haora
 * Middle English: wage, mede, hire
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: цалин хөлс,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:
 * Old Prussian: algā
 * Persian:, ,
 * Plautdietsch: Jehault
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cosnadh, pàigh, tuarasdal
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пла́та, пла́ћа
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: mzda, plat
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sudovian: alga
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sahod, suweldo
 * Tajik:, моҳона, музди кор, дастмузд
 * Tatar: хезмәт хакы,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, , , ,
 * Turkmen: iş haky,
 * Ukrainian: заробі́тна пла́та, зарпла́та, запла́та
 * Urdu: ویتَن, اَجْرَت, تَنْخواہ
 * Uyghur: مائاش, ئايلىق, ئىش ھەققى
 * Uzbek:, , , ish haqi
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: לוין

Etymology 2
From, from , , a northern variant of (whence modern 🇨🇬), itself either from  or from a derivative of , possibly through a  intermediate  from.

Verb

 * 1)  To wager, bet.
 * 2)  To expose oneself to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to venture; to hazard.
 * 3)  To employ for wages; to hire.
 * 4)  To conduct or carry out (a war or other contest).
 * 5)  To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out.
 * 6)  To give security for the performance of
 * 1)  To conduct or carry out (a war or other contest).
 * 2)  To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out.
 * 3)  To give security for the performance of
 * 1)  To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out.
 * 2)  To give security for the performance of
 * 1)  To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out.
 * 2)  To give security for the performance of
 * 1)  To give security for the performance of
 * 1)  To give security for the performance of

Usage notes

 * "Wage" collocates strongly with "war", leading to expressions such as To wage peace, or To wage football implying the inclusion of a large element of conflict in the action.

Derived terms

 * (agent noun)

Translations

 * Arabic: شَنَّ
 * Azerbaijani:, , ,
 * Bulgarian: заемам се, наемам се
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: føre, udføre
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Icelandic: heyja stríð, heyja
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Maori:
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weight
 * 2) a certain weight, of which the exact value varied
 * 3) weighing scale
 * 4) weighhouse

Etymology 1
From, from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) A ; earnings.
 * 2) Money reserved for the payment of salaries.
 * 3) An earned positive consequence.
 * 4) A promise, pact, or agreement.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) wave (moving part of a liquid, etc.)

Etymology 2
see

title: wage


text:
currently

Adverb

 * 1) At this moment, at present, now.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: حَالِيًّا
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: hal-hazırda, hazırda
 * Belarusian: у цяпе́рашні час, цяпе́р
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Crimean Tatar: şimdi, şimdiçik
 * Czech:
 * Danish: i øjeblikket
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: momente,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, , tällä hetkellä
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: actualmente
 * Georgian: ამჟამად
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τῷ παρόντι
 * Hebrew: כַּיּוֹם
 * Hindi: फ़िलहाल,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Interlingua: actualmente
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latvian:, patlaban, pašlaik, pašreiz
 * Malay: ,
 * Marathi: सध्या, या वेळी, या क्षणी
 * Occitan: actualament
 * Persian: در حال حاضر
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, , la momentul actual, la moment
 * Russian: в да́нный моме́нт, в настоя́щее вре́мя,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тренутно
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: на ра́зі,, в да́ний час

title: currently


text:
now

Etymology 1
From, , , from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Present; current.
 * 2)  Fashionable; popular; up to date; current.
 * 3)  At the time the will is written. Used in order to prevent any inheritance from being transferred to a person of a future marriage. Does not indicate the existence of a previous marriage.
 * 1)  Fashionable; popular; up to date; current.
 * 2)  At the time the will is written. Used in order to prevent any inheritance from being transferred to a person of a future marriage. Does not indicate the existence of a previous marriage.
 * 1)  Fashionable; popular; up to date; current.
 * 2)  At the time the will is written. Used in order to prevent any inheritance from being transferred to a person of a future marriage. Does not indicate the existence of a previous marriage.
 * 1)  At the time the will is written. Used in order to prevent any inheritance from being transferred to a person of a future marriage. Does not indicate the existence of a previous marriage.
 * 1)  At the time the will is written. Used in order to prevent any inheritance from being transferred to a person of a future marriage. Does not indicate the existence of a previous marriage.

Adverb

 * 1) At the present time.
 * 2) Differently from the immediate past; differently from a more remote past or a possible future; differently from all other times.
 * 3) At the time reached within a narration.
 * 4)  At the present point of a recurring cycle or event.
 * 5)  As 'but now': Very recently; not long ago; up to the present.
 * 6) Used to address a switching side, or sharp change in attitude from before. (In this usage, now is usually emphasized).
 * Now, you want to protect me. An hour ago, you were mercilessly bullying me!
 * 1) Sometimes; occasionally.
 * His face fit his roles: now smiling, now earnest, now glowering, now raging.
 * 1) At the time reached within a narration.
 * 2)  At the present point of a recurring cycle or event.
 * 3)  As 'but now': Very recently; not long ago; up to the present.
 * 4) Used to address a switching side, or sharp change in attitude from before. (In this usage, now is usually emphasized).
 * Now, you want to protect me. An hour ago, you were mercilessly bullying me!
 * 1) Sometimes; occasionally.
 * His face fit his roles: now smiling, now earnest, now glowering, now raging.
 * 1)  At the present point of a recurring cycle or event.
 * 2)  As 'but now': Very recently; not long ago; up to the present.
 * 3) Used to address a switching side, or sharp change in attitude from before. (In this usage, now is usually emphasized).
 * Now, you want to protect me. An hour ago, you were mercilessly bullying me!
 * 1) Sometimes; occasionally.
 * His face fit his roles: now smiling, now earnest, now glowering, now raging.
 * 1) Used to address a switching side, or sharp change in attitude from before. (In this usage, now is usually emphasized).
 * Now, you want to protect me. An hour ago, you were mercilessly bullying me!
 * 1) Sometimes; occasionally.
 * His face fit his roles: now smiling, now earnest, now glowering, now raging.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: уажәы
 * Aghwan: 𐔼
 * Ahom: 𑜀𑜠𑜃𑜩
 * Albanian:
 * Aleut: waya
 * Alviri-Vidari: آتا
 * Amharic: አሁን
 * Arabic: ,
 * Egyptian Arabic: دلوقتي
 * Gulf Arabic: الحين
 * Hijazi Arabic: دحين
 * Iraqi Arabic: هسه
 * Moroccan Arabic: دابا, دورك
 * North Levantine Arabic: هلا, هلأ, هلق
 * South Levantine Arabic: هلأ, هلقيت, هالحين (Bedouin), إسا (Galilee)
 * Aragonese: agora
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Aromanian: acmo
 * Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀥𑀼𑀦𑀸
 * Assamese: এতিয়া
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ, ܗܵܫܵܐ
 * Asturian:
 * Avar: гьабсагӏат, гьанже
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: хәҙер
 * Basque: orain
 * Belarusian: за́раз, цяпе́р
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: karon
 * Chechen: хӏинца
 * Chichewa: tsopano
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:, 依家, 如今, 現在, 現今, 現時
 * Dungan: щүанзэ, щянзэ, вуҗин
 * Eastern Min: 現時
 * Gan: 現在
 * Hakka: 這下, 今這下, 現下, 如今
 * Hokkien:, , , , , 這路尾 , , 這久, , , 現晡時, 現時,
 * Mandarin:, , , ,
 * Northern Min: 迦今
 * Wu: 現在, 乃
 * Czech: ,
 * Dalmatian: jamo, adias
 * Danish:
 * Dolgan: аны
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Old French: or, ore
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ახლა
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌽𐌿
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: νῦν
 * Gujarati: ઓણ, અધુના, હવે
 * Hawaiian: ʻānō
 * Hebrew:, עַתָּה, כָּעֵת
 * Higaonon: iman
 * Hindi:, ,
 * Hittite: 𒆠𒉡𒌦
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ilocano: ita
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: nyt
 * Ingush: хӏанз
 * Interlingua: nunc, ora
 * Irish:, adrásta
 * Isan:
 * Istriot: dieso
 * Italian:, ,
 * Ivatan: sichanguri
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kambera: nàhu
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: ngeni
 * Kashubian: terô
 * Kazakh:, кәзір, қазыр
 * Khmer: ឥឡូវនេះ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ئێستا
 * Laki: ئیسکە
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Southern Kurdish:, ئێرەنگە
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Laboya: nehhe
 * Ladin: śën
 * Ladino: agora
 * Lao: ດຽວນີ້
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian:
 * Laz: ჰაწი
 * Ligurian: oua
 * Lithuanian:
 * Louisiana Creole French: astè, astœr
 * Lü:
 * Luganda: kati
 * Macedonian: сега
 * Magahi: 𑂃𑂎𑂢𑂱
 * Maithili: एखन
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: issa
 * Marathi: आता
 * Miami: noonki
 * Mingrelian:
 * Mirandese: agora
 * Mon:လၟုဟ်
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠣᠳᠤ
 * Mwani: sambi
 * Nahuatl:
 * Navajo: kʼad
 * Norman: achteû, achteure , achteû maishî , açtheure , ach'teu , auch't'haeure
 * Northern Mansi:
 * Northern Sami: dál
 * Northern Thai:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:, nå
 * Occitan:
 * Ojibwe: azhigwa, aazhay
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: сьга, сегꙑ, нꙑнѣ
 * Old East Slavic: нꙑнѣ, топере
 * Old English: nū
 * Old Punjabi: ਹੁਣਿ
 * Ossetian: ныр
 * Pali: adhunā
 * Pashto: ,
 * Pennsylvania German: nau
 * Persian:
 * Dari:, ,
 * Iranian Persian:, , ,
 * Picard: achteure
 * Pipil: ashan, axan
 * Pirahã: pi’í
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Polish:, , , nynie , w tej chwili, w tym momencie
 * Portuguese:
 * Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸
 * Pumpokol: eń
 * Punjabi: ہُݨ, ਹੁਣ
 * Quechua: ña, kunan
 * Romani: akana
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Samoan: nei
 * Sanskrit:, , , ,
 * Scots: nou
 * Scottish Gaelic: a-nis, an-dràsta
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: са̏да
 * Roman:
 * Serrano: amai
 * Shan:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Somali: iminka
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: nět, něto, něnto, něnt
 * Upper Sorbian: nětko, nětk, nět, nětkole, nětkle
 * Southern Thai:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:, , акнун, алон
 * Talysh:
 * Asalemi: الان
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Tetum: agora
 * Thai: ,
 * Tigrinya: ሕጂ
 * Tocharian B: ñake
 * Tok Pisin: nau
 * Tongan: taimini
 * Tumbuka: sono
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: häzir
 * Tuvan: ам
 * Tày: cà này, bạt nẩy
 * Udmurt: али
 * Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎚
 * Ukrainian:, ни́ні,
 * Urdu:, اَکْنُون, , حالا, اَدُھنا, اِسی وَقْت
 * Uyghur:, ئەمدى
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: adeso
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:
 * Votic: nüd
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:, rŵan
 * Wolof:
 * Yakut: аны
 * Yiddish: איצט, סייטשאַס
 * Yucatec Maya: beora
 * Zazaki: newke, enewke,
 * Zhuang: seizneix

 * Catalan: ara bé
 * Esperanto:
 * French: ,
 * German: —not sentence-initially
 * Japanese:, , では,
 * Korean: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: nis
 * Spanish: ahora bien
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

 * Albanian:
 * Estonian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Turkish:

Conjunction

 * 1) Since, because, in light of the fact; often with that.

Translations

 * Arabic: بِمَا أَنّ, أَمَا وَأَنّ
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: nun da, nun wo, jetzt wo
 * Greek: τώρα που (tóra pou)
 * Norwegian: nå som
 * Portuguese: agora que, já que
 * Russian: раз уж
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Turkish: ,

Translations

 * Catalan: ,
 * Dutch: !
 * Galician: ,
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1)  The present time.
 * 2)  The state of not paying attention to the future or the past.
 * 3)  A particular instant in time, as perceived at that instant.
 * 1)  The state of not paying attention to the future or the past.
 * 2)  A particular instant in time, as perceived at that instant.
 * 1)  A particular instant in time, as perceived at that instant.
 * 1)  A particular instant in time, as perceived at that instant.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk:, nå
 * Portuguese:
 * Slovak:, moment
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Turkish:

Etymology 2
See.

Etymology 1
From. Attested in Scots from the 18th century.

Noun

 * 1)  head

Etymology 2

 * likely . Described in Scots from the 19th century.

Verb

 * 1) to chatter, babble, talk frivolously

title: now


text:
bank

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  An institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.
 * 2)  A branch office of such an institution.
 * 3)  An underwriter or controller of a card game.
 * 4)  A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.
 * 5)  The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.
 * 6)  Money; profit.
 * 7)  In certain games, such as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw.
 * 8)  A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.
 * 9)  A device used to store coins or currency.
 * 10)  a natural elevation of mud and other material under sea, rising for instance from a continental shelf
 * 11)  a mound or mass of cloud or fog
 * 1)  A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.
 * 2)  A device used to store coins or currency.
 * 3)  a natural elevation of mud and other material under sea, rising for instance from a continental shelf
 * 4)  a mound or mass of cloud or fog
 * 1)  a natural elevation of mud and other material under sea, rising for instance from a continental shelf
 * 2)  a mound or mass of cloud or fog

Descendants
Some may be via other European languages.
 * All borrowings

Verb

 * 1)  To deal with a bank or financial institution, or for an institution to provide financial services to a client.
 * 2)  To put into a bank.
 * 3)  To conceal in the rectum for use in prison.
 * 1)  To put into a bank.
 * 2)  To conceal in the rectum for use in prison.
 * 1)  To conceal in the rectum for use in prison.

Etymology 2
From, from and , from. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)   An edge of river, lake, or other watercourse.
 * 2)   An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank or mudbank).
 * the banks of Newfoundland
 * 1)  A slope of earth, sand, etc.; an embankment.
 * 2)  The incline of an aircraft, especially during a turn.
 * 3)  An incline, a hill.
 * 4) A mass noun for a quantity of clouds.
 * The bank of clouds on the horizon announced the arrival of the predicted storm front.
 * 1)  The face of the coal at which miners are working.
 * 2)  A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level.
 * 3)  The ground at the top of a shaft.
 * Ores are brought to bank.
 * The bank of clouds on the horizon announced the arrival of the predicted storm front.
 * 1)  The face of the coal at which miners are working.
 * 2)  A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level.
 * 3)  The ground at the top of a shaft.
 * Ores are brought to bank.

Verb

 * 1)  To roll or incline laterally in order to turn.
 * 2)   To cause (an aircraft) to bank.
 * 3)  To form into a bank or heap, to bank up.
 * 4)  To cover the embers of a fire with ashes in order to retain heat.
 * 5)  To raise a mound or dike about; to enclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank.
 * 6)  To pass by the banks of.
 * 7)  To provide additional power for a train ascending a bank (incline) by attaching another locomotive.
 * 1)  To pass by the banks of.
 * 2)  To provide additional power for a train ascending a bank (incline) by attaching another locomotive.
 * 1)  To provide additional power for a train ascending a bank (incline) by attaching another locomotive.

Etymology 3
From, , from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A row or panel of items stored or grouped together.
 * 2) A row of keys on a musical keyboard or the equivalent on a typewriter keyboard.
 * 3)  A contiguous block of memory that is of fixed, hardware-dependent size, but often larger than a page and partitioning the memory such that two distinct banks do not overlap.
 * 4)  A set of multiple adjacent drop targets.
 * 1) A row of keys on a musical keyboard or the equivalent on a typewriter keyboard.
 * 2)  A contiguous block of memory that is of fixed, hardware-dependent size, but often larger than a page and partitioning the memory such that two distinct banks do not overlap.
 * 3)  A set of multiple adjacent drop targets.

Synonyms

 * (row) line, rank, tier; (panel) block, grid, panel

Verb

 * 1)  To arrange or order in a row.

Etymology 4
Probably from. Of origin, and akin to English.

Noun

 * 1) A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars.
 * 2) A bench or seat for judges in court.
 * 3) The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at nisi prius, or a court held for jury trials. See
 * 4)  A kind of table used by printers.
 * 5)  A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.
 * 1)  A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  financial institution
 * , a player who controls a deposit in some card games or board games and in gambling

Verb

 * 1)  to deposit, to
 * 2)  to

Etymology
. ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  financial institution

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) bench

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  financial institution

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  (financial institution, branch office, controller of a game, a safe and guaranteed place of storage)

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) only used in certain expressions

Noun

 * 1) knock (an abrupt rapping sound)
 * 2)  a beating

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) place where seashells are found
 * 2) shallow part of the sea near the coast
 * 1) place where seashells are found
 * 2) shallow part of the sea near the coast
 * 1) place where seashells are found
 * 2) shallow part of the sea near the coast
 * 1) place where seashells are found
 * 2) shallow part of the sea near the coast
 * 1) place where seashells are found
 * 2) shallow part of the sea near the coast
 * 1) shallow part of the sea near the coast

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from , from , related to Etymology 1 above.

Noun

 * 1) A  financial institution
 * 2)  The, a player who controls a deposit in some card games or board games and in gambling
 * 3) A banknote, especially 100 Dutch guilders
 * 4) A bank, collection and/or repository.
 * 1)  The, a player who controls a deposit in some card games or board games and in gambling
 * 2) A banknote, especially 100 Dutch guilders
 * 3) A bank, collection and/or repository.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  financial institution
 * 2)   the sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses
 * 1)   the sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses

Etymology
Back-formation from.

Noun

 * 1) knock, blow

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.
 * 2) a safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.
 * 1) a safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.

Etymology
, spelled earlier as and. .

Noun

 * A :
 * 1) An institution that offers various financial services.
 * 2) A stock or reserve of something for use when it is needed.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bench
 * 2) counter table or board on which business is transacted
 * 3) worktable
 * 4) judge's seat

Etymology
From and, from. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the bank of a river or lake

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) a

Etymology 2
From the verb.

Noun

 * 1) a beat, knock, throb

Etymology
Borrowed from, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) a

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bench

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬. Possibly borrowed from via, or borrowed from  via , ultimately from , from , from , from ..

Etymology
From, or , all from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a bank financial institution, branch of such an institution
 * 2) a bank place of storage
 * 3) a bank of a river of lake
 * 4) a sandbank

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bench long seat

Noun

 * 1)  financial institution

title: bank


text:
deficit

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) Deficiency in amount or quality; a falling short; lack.
 * 2) A situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds (e.g. government) revenue.
 * 1) A situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds (e.g. government) revenue.

Translations

 * Armenian: ,
 * Belarusian: дэфіцы́т
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:, gat in de begroting
 * Esperanto: deficito
 * Finnish:
 * French: déficit budgétaire,
 * Galician: déficit
 * Georgian: დეფიციტი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: גרעון (gira'on)
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:, disavanzo
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: таңсык
 * Lao: ຂາດດຸນ
 * Malay: defisit
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian: underskudd
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: depisit
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: дефіци́т
 * Vietnamese: sự thâm hụt

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (financial)

title: deficit


text:
fiscal

Etymology 1
From, from – see  and.

Adjective

 * 1) Related to the  of a, ,  or , particularly to government spending and revenue.
 * 2)  Pertaining to  and money in general;.
 * 3) Being a fiscal year.
 * 1)  Pertaining to  and money in general;.
 * 2) Being a fiscal year.
 * 1) Being a fiscal year.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: مَالِيّ
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: fiskal, skattemæssig, skatte-
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, budjetti-, tulo-, kassa-, vero-
 * French: (Note: "fiscal" is a false friend)
 * Greek:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: фи́скален
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: фіска́льний

 * Bulgarian: финансов
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: financiel, finans-
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Macedonian: фина́нсиски
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

Noun

 * 1) A   in certain countries having control of public.
 * 2)  Procurator fiscal, a public prosecutor.
 * 3)  In certain countries, including Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and former colonies of these countries and certain British colonies, solicitor or attorney general.
 * 1)  In certain countries, including Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and former colonies of these countries and certain British colonies, solicitor or attorney general.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian: фи́скал

Etymology 2
From, ultimately from

Noun

 * 1)  A public prosecutor  or a district attorney.

Etymology 3
After.

Noun

 * 1) Any of various African shrikes of the genus Lanius.

Translations

 * Finnish:

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * , tax

Noun

 * 1)  public prosecutor, district attorney

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * , financial

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to taxes

Noun

 * , inspector

Etymology
..

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) prosecuting
 * 1) prosecuting

Noun

 * 1)  public prosecutor, district attorney

title: fiscal


text:
tax

Etymology 1
From, from , from. . Displaced native, which was also the word for "tribute" and "rent."

Noun

 * 1) Money paid to the government other than for transaction-specific goods and services.
 * 2)  A burdensome demand.
 * 3) A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.
 * 4)  charge; censure
 * 1)  A burdensome demand.
 * 2) A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.
 * 3)  charge; censure
 * 1) A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.
 * 2)  charge; censure
 * 1)  charge; censure

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Aghwan: 𐕆𐔰𐕙𐔼𐕄
 * Albanian: ,
 * Amharic: ግብር
 * Arabic: ضَرِيبَة
 * Egyptian Arabic: رسم
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: հարկ, տուրք, բաժ
 * Assamese: কৰ
 * Asturian: impuestu
 * Avar: налог, закат
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: һалым
 * Basque: zerga
 * Belarusian: пада́так
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese: ,
 * Carpathian Rusyn: дань
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: buhis
 * Chechen: налог
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 稅
 * Dungan: фи
 * Eastern Min: 稅
 * Hakka: 稅
 * Hokkien: 稅
 * Mandarin:
 * Northern Min: 稅
 * Wu: 稅
 * Crimean Tatar: bergi
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: გადასახადი, ბეგარა, ბაჟი
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰, 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τέλος
 * Hebrew:
 * Higaonon: buhis
 * Hiligaynon: buhis
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ilocano: buis
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish:, cíos
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese: ,
 * Kapampangan: buis
 * Kashubian: pòdatk
 * Kazakh: салық, долық,
 * Khmer:, តាក់,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz:, налог
 * Ladino: taksa, חראגֿ
 * Lao:
 * Latin: vectīgal, geldum, gabella
 * Latvian: nodoklis
 * Lithuanian: mokestis
 * Macedonian: данок
 * Maguindanao: buis
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Manx: keesh
 * Maori: tāke
 * Maranao: bois
 * Middle English: taxe, taske
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Navajo: ínáóltąʼí
 * Nepali:
 * Norman: taxe
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, avgift
 * Nupe: èdú
 * Occitan: ,
 * Old English: gafol
 * Ossetian: хъалон, налог
 * Ottoman Turkish: ویركی, خراج
 * Pashto: مالیه,, ماليات
 * Persian:
 * Dari:
 * Iranian Persian:, , ,
 * Plautdietsch: Taks
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: càin, cìs
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: по̀рез, да̏нак
 * Roman: ,
 * Shan:
 * Sicilian: tascia
 * Sinhalese: බදු
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:, davščina
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: dank
 * Upper Sorbian: dań
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: молиёт, андоз, налог, боҷ, хироҷ
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ཁྲལ
 * Tocharian B: eñcil
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: salmak, salgyt
 * Ukrainian: пода́ток
 * Urdu: مالِیات, ٹَیکْس, مَحْصُول, باج, خَراج
 * Uyghur: ئېلىق, باج, يۈك, بېسىم
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese: (稅)
 * Waray-Waray: buhis
 * Welsh:
 * Western Kayah: ꤢ꤬ꤗꤥ꤬ꤢ꤬ꤚꤢ
 * Yiddish: שטײַער
 * Yoruba: owó orí
 * Zazaki: bêj

Etymology 2
From, from , from , present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  To impose and collect a tax from (a person or company).
 * 2)  To impose and collect a tax on (something).
 * 3)  To make excessive demands on.
 * 4)  To accuse.
 * 5)  To examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.
 * 1)  To make excessive demands on.
 * 2)  To accuse.
 * 3)  To examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.
 * 1)  To accuse.
 * 2)  To examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.
 * 1)  To accuse.
 * 2)  To examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: облагам
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: danit
 * Danish: beskatte
 * Dutch: belasting heffen
 * Esperanto: imposti
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: ,
 * Italian:
 * Lao: ກັບພາສີ
 * Maori: tāke
 * Middle English: taxen
 * Norwegian: skattelegge
 * Old English: gafolian
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovene: obdavčiti
 * Spanish: asignar impuestos, cobrar impuestos
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: оподатко́вувати, оподаткува́ти
 * Welsh:

 * German: ,
 * Welsh:

Interjection

 * 1) an onomatopoeia expressing the sound of blows, whack, crack

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) district, neighborhood, quarter
 * 2) district, region

Noun

 * 1) a dachshund (dog breed)

title: tax


text:
Talk:wage

I'm not sure how to define it, but Wage is also a verb. I've only seen it used in the form "to wage war", I wouldn't know if one could "wage" anything else. Maybe a native English speaker could provide a definition for the verb form?

The Dutch translation is: "voeren" (to wage war = oorlog voeren)

Infoslave 18:56 Feb 18, 2003 (UTC)

Etymology
This word was used in the same way as German wagen, and seems to actually be a cognate of this word. Is there evidence that it came instead from the French word indicated? or was the French word originally taken from DE wagen, and then retaken into English? 75.121.180.91 02:10, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

Adjective: receiving wage
working and in receipt of a wage Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:47, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:wage