text:
Talk:Persian

Persian
The below is incorrect according to the Academy of Persian Language and Literature,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature

Persian referred to by itself should indicate the language spoken by the country of Iran/Persia. Farsi or Western Farsi is the INCORRECT use of the word for the language. Farsi should only be used when speaking in Persian. This is like calling the German language German in English but Deutsch in German. Calling the language just Persian (instead of Western Farsi for Iran) is the correct use of the word in English. Since the academy controls the use of the language, we should probably follow their naming guidelines.

 * Exactly right. In the U.S., at least, 'Persian' is the proper name of Iran’s official standard national language. 'Farsi' is uneducated usage that appeared during the early 70s when many Persians entered the U.S. with minimal formal education and then studied English in the popular ESL courses taught by teachers who spoke only English, and neither the Iranian students nor their American teachers knew the English name of their language. Later, when some of the teachers learned that 'Farsi' was 'Persian,' they were flabbergasted. (They usually assumed it was some dialect of Arabic.)
 * Any U.S. college or university that offers the language as a course calls it 'Persian.' If you encounter a course entitled 'Farsi,' that indicates that it’s a crash course for tourists or businessmen, and/or that the instructors are not professional educators.
 * There are many closely related languages and dialects in and around Iran, and linguists resort to all sorts of tricks to differentiate one from another, including using the word 'Farsi' with assorted adjectives. It’s the same thing with German...there are many, many dialects of German, from High Alemanic to Hochdeutsch to Plattdüütsch to Dutch and Frisian and everything inbetween...and when dialectologists study the dialects and make comparisons, they fall back on all the variations of the words 'Aleman, 'German', 'Deutsch', 'Platt', 'Düütsch', 'Teuton,' and many others, all of them dialects of German. However, when you study the standard official language of Germany at any school or university, it’s just called 'German'...and in normal educated usage, the word 'German' means Standard Modern High German. In the same way, Persian is the one and only correct name of Standard Modern Persian in educated English usage (unless you’re discussing dialects of it). —Stephen 13:02, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

The language
According to http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90035 Persian as a linguistic entity refers to a family of languages which includes 10 languages: It is understood that these languages may be very similar and mutually inteligible. It is also understood that several of these are called simply "Persian" by various people, or that they have other alternate names. The use of these names should be preferred in the absence of sound linguistic reasons to the contrary, irrespective of local usages. When the term Farsi is used alone the reference should be presumed to be to the Western Farsi of Iran.
 * 1) Aimaq [AIQ] in Afghanistan
 * 2) Bukharic [BHH] in Israel
 * 3) Darwazi [DRW] in Afghanistan
 * 4) Dehwari [DEH] in Pakistan
 * 5) Dzhidi [DZH] in Israel
 * 6) Eastern Farsi [PRS] in Afghanistan
 * 7) Western Farsi [PES] in Iran
 * 8) Hazaragi [HAZ] in Afghanistan
 * 9) Pahlavani [PHV] in Afghanistan
 * 10) Tajiki [PET] in Tajikistan

Eastern Farsi is sometimes referred to as Dari but that is also the name of another more distant language spoken in Iran. Eclecticology 2004-07-18 00:34:33
 * Ethnologue does not have expertise in Persian language. Its classification and naming is not acceptable. Yes, during last few years the word Dari has been used to refer to the language of Afghanistan. This naming has no academic basis. I am a native speaker from Iran. Dari is a general name and is certainly the language of Iran too. Dari is not a dialect. It is another name for modern Persian. I am aware of the fact that because of not having name for dialect of Afghanistan, people are using this word to call that dialect. However there is no academic basis for this. When we learn persian language in Iran, we learn that another name for our language is Dari.--Mehran Kashi15:15, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with you. Dari and Persian are the same thing, although it’s usual in English to reserve Dari for the Afghan pronunciation, and Persian for Iranian pronunciation. But the various dialects of Persian are very close, rather like British, Canadian, and American English, and Persian-speakers from China, Russia, Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey can all understand each other very easily. Everybody in the West who actually deals with the Persian language calls it Persian, never Farsi. There are a number of broadcasters who offer Persian service (not Farsi service), and all American universities that teach it teach Persian (not Farsi).
 * A lot of faith is put in Ethnologue, but Ethnologue simply collects data from thousands of independent sources, mostly missionaries and other church groups and agents, and Ethnologue’s information, as great as it is, must still be taken with a grain of salt. That goes for their estimates on populations, literacy, and especially the language and dialect names. What a Baptist missionary on the Caspian sea calls the local language may be quite out of line with what geographical authorities and professional linguists call it. That’s one of the reasons that Ethnologue lists 40,000 names for 6000 languages. The formal name of the standard modern language of Iran in English is Persian. —Stephen 11:58, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

The definition on this article is becoming very encyclopedic. Remember that this is just a dictionary. Information other than that needed to define the word can go on Persian language — Hippietrail 14:05, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Persian and Iranian
Persian has two meaning: 1. Iranian 2. Persian (ethnic) Both of them are correct but not equivalent. Persian was equivalent to Iranian, as the name of the country was Persia until recenly. I reveted the edits of some users who deleted the information regarding this issue. Both definitions must be included as the word has been used in this way here and there. Ingmar Kuhn 21:59, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Persian vs persian
pl:persian suggests that "persian" is an Interlingua work meaning "Persian" in English. Could anyone please verify?--Jusjih 14:55, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Usage notes
In the plural entry there had been these usage notes: "In Afghanistan and Tadjikistan the Persian-speaking people are usually thought of as a sub-group and are referred to as Tajiks." - -sche (discuss) 20:56, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Persian


text: GBA

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: GBA


text:
Talk:optimize

I've moved User:Timwi's changes from the article to here, and merged in what looked sensible. -Wikibob 00:33, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Please merge
I found the following in the Sandbox. Please someone merge the information. — Timwi 16:52, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Verb
to optimize (optimized)
 * 1) To act as an optimist.
 * 2) To make more efficient, specifically computer programs.
 * 3) To make somthing optimal.

Alternative Spellings

 * optimise(outside the US)

Related Terms

 * optimist
 * efficient
 * hone
 * modify
 * perfect
 * optimum

Etymology
(1844) back-formation from optimist.

From the above and below I merged in two intransitive verb meanings:
 * 1) To act optimistically or as an optimist.
 * 2) To become optimal.

Other dictionary sites do list two intransitive meanings, [www.allwords.com/word-optimize.html] has: To be optimistic or act optimistically. To become optimal. has the acting as an optimist meaning recorded in 1844 and making the most of meaning in 1857.

I left the related terms untouched, and finally I synchronised the changes with optimise.

-Wikibob 00:33, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Optimization
Is optimization a valid noun? Or can only optimizing be used? Wiki-uk 16:10, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, optimization is a valid noun. —Stephen 21:11, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:optimize


text:
genuflect

Etymology
From around 1620–1630 from equivalent to the  +.

Verb

 * 1)  To bend the knee, as in servitude.
 * 2)  To briefly enter a position that touches one knee to the ground in a manner that is typically associated with formal homage or religious worship.
 * 3)  To behave in a servile manner; to grovel.
 * 1)  To behave in a servile manner; to grovel.
 * 1)  To behave in a servile manner; to grovel.
 * 1)  To behave in a servile manner; to grovel.

Usage notes
The brief manner of touching one knee to the ground while genuflecting differs from the duration typically associated with kneeling down onto one or two knees.

Translations

 * Albanian: bie në gjunjë
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish: bøje knæ
 * Esperanto: genufleksi
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: dobregar o xeonllo, fincar o xeonllo
 * Georgian: მუხლის მოდრეკა, დაჩოქება
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: כָּרַע בֶּרֶךְ
 * Icelandic: gera knéfall, koma fyrir kné, falla á kné, knékrjúpa
 * Italian: genuflettere
 * Japanese:
 * Persian: زانو خم کردن
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: преклоня́ть коле́на/коле́ни, преклони́ть коле́на/коле́ни
 * Spanish: doblar la rodilla,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: yumukdo
 * Turkish:

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: მუხლის მოდრეკა, დაჩოქება
 * Italian:  ,
 * Russian:, соверша́ть коленопреклоне́ние, соверши́ть коленопреклоне́ние

title: genuflect


text:
unit interval

Noun

 * 1)  the interval [0,1], that is the set of all real numbers x such that zero is less than or equal to x and x is less than or equal to one
 * 2)  symbol duration time.
 * The unit interval of a signal with a baud rate of 1,000 Bd is 1 millisecond.

Translations

 * Finnish: yksikköväli
 * French: intervalle unité
 * German: Einheitsintervall

title: unit interval


text:
espanjalainen

Adjective

 * 1) Spanish

Noun

 * 1) A Spanish person.

title: espanjalainen


text:
xyster

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) A surgical instrument used to scrape bones.

Translations

 * Czech: ,
 * German: Raspatorium, Knochenschaber
 * Russian:

title: xyster


text: jaghirdar

title: jaghirdar


text: jaghir

title: jaghir


text:
haaf

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  the open sea, especially as a place to fish
 * 2)  the practice of sea fishing for such as cod, ling and tusk
 * 1)  the practice of sea fishing for such as cod, ling and tusk
 * 1)  the practice of sea fishing for such as cod, ling and tusk

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  the deep sea beyond coastal waters
 * 2)  the deep-sea fishing carried out 30-40 miles offshore in open boats
 * 3)  deep-sea fishing, especially for cod, ling, tusk, etc.

title: haaf


text:
Aesopian

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Related to or concerning the Greek fabulist Aesop.
 * 2)  Characteristic of Aesop's animal fables.
 * 3)  Employing or having an ambiguous or allegorical meaning, especially a political meaning.

Translations

 * Italian:
 * Polish: ezopowy
 * Portuguese: esopiano
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: Aesopian


text:
User talk:Beland

Feel free to leave a note. -- Beland (talk) 21:34, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

Spellchecking wiktionary
Had a look at the moss project and was wondering how difficult it would be to run it on wiktionary itself? (A bit strange since it's used as a spellchecker for the project.) –Jberkel 09:40, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Turns out it only took a bit of downloading and few lines of code to do that. An initial run showed promising results, though Wikipedia and Wiktionary have slightly different style guides and content patterns, so there may need to be some tweaking to optimize typo reports. I just added some code to account for the fact that Wiktionary allows curly quote marks - Wikipedia editors wanted to prioritize spell-checking non-quoted material, especially since sometimes typos or obsolete spellings are retained on purpose. Though if you think the quotations on Wiktionary are ready to be spell-checked, I can do that instead, and we can use sic to tag incorrect-on-purpose quotations. (Quotes over 1000 characters will be spell-checked regardless.) I also expect there will also be some overlap with the built-in and your own very helpful wanted-page lists, though I do have some heuristics to try to distinguish actual misspellings from rare or non-English words that simply haven't yet been defined. I've started Spell check as a collaboration point. Thanks for this excellent suggestion! -- Beland (talk) 20:42, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Wow, that's great, thanks! One immediate thing: it'd be helpful to have these (alternatively) sorted by language, if possible. – Jberkel 07:23, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Hmm, interesting suggestion. I think I see how it can be done and made useful for situations where the "typo" is actually just an undefined word and the definitions that use it all belong to the same language. I will try to whip something up when I have some time. -- Beland (talk) 02:44, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for updating/regenerating the list; it's quite useful. :) One small thing I notice: it doesn't seem to handle long s, e.g. it parses "aduerſaries" (in ridicle) as "aduer" (ideally it would recognize ſ as s, the way pages with long s automatically redirect after a few seconds). Another idea: a lot of the results are obsolete spellings found in quotations in entries; it'd be useful to separate out potential misspellings / missing entries that are found "in wikivoice", in definitions i.e. in lines starting with  (not #*, #: , etc). - -sche (discuss) 22:03, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Hmm, interesting points. Would forms with long s and obsolete spellings normally get their own entries, or are they not eligible? -- Beland (talk) 22:06, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
 * If they meet the other criteria for inclusion — mainly, having been used 3 times, not just once — most obsolete spellings (using different letters, e.g. moone as an obsolete spelling of moon, or euery as an obsolete spelling of every) have entries. Certain special codepoints for character variations are ignored, so the entry for ſit is sit (although quotations are not forbidden from being entered using ſit), the entries for ﬁn, ﬆun are fin, stun, etc (so, the script should treat ridicle's aduerſaries quote as containing aduersaries, rather than just cutting the string off at aduer like it currently does). My rationale for splitting "obsolete spellings in quotes" (especially obsolete spellings in quotes that aren't even English, e.g. the 1370s Galician quote(s) using caualo) from "potential typos in wikivoice / definitions" is that the first set is often not an error and/but entering them is a relatively low priority (we probably already have entries for the non-obsolete spellings, like moon), whereas the second set is higher priority, an undefined word in a definition is either a typo we should fix or a valid word we should probably define if we're using it in definitions. - -sche (discuss) 22:22, 24 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Gotcha, that makes sense. Work is about to get fairly busy, but I'll put this on my to-do list. -- Beland (talk) 16:32, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beland


text: Category:Portuguese irregular verbs

title: Category:Portuguese irregular verbs


text:
waag

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) The grivet (an African monkey) -

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) weighing scales
 * 2) place (building) where goods are weighed
 * 1) place (building) where goods are weighed

Etymology 2
From, alternative form of rare , from , from , from. The feminine may be a mere variant (if old from, from , from ), or it may be due to a merger with another word with an original short vowel, which is attested in 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. See 🇨🇬 for more.

Noun

 * 1) wave
 * 2) water flow, current

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  wave
 * skümig waagen
 * foaming waves

Adjective

 * 1) open; wide and clear (referring to a place)
 * 2) cleared of obstructions that hinder clear viewing

Noun

 * 1) wide, open field or space
 * 2) state or condition of being wide-open and clear for viewing
 * 1) state or condition of being wide-open and clear for viewing

title: waag


text:
User:Beland

beland /'bee-lənd/ n. - A unit of verbosity equal to 300 lines (w.r.t. an e-mail message).

See my user page on Wikipedia.

Todo

 * Diner lingo
 * w:Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss

title: User:Beland


text:
uncipher

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To decode or decipher.

title: uncipher


text:
y-

Etymology
From, from ; see those entries for more. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * ybarred, yclept, yclad, ybaptized, yslain, yronne
 * ybarred, yclept, yclad, ybaptized, yslain, yronne

Alternative forms

 * ya-
 * a-

Prefix

 * 1) he or she used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun

Etymology
From, from unstressed , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. See also.

Usage notes

 * Not productive in Modern English.
 * This prefix represents a common Germanic collective prefix, as well as a perfective prefix which was used to form past participles. Already by the Old English period such participles could be used with or without it, and as it passed into Middle English forms, , and , it became less productive. The prefix was later adopted as a conscious archaism by some writers such as Edmund Spenser, who prepended it to existing past participles.

Derived terms

 * (Modern English: enough)
 * (Modern English: enough)
 * (Modern English: enough)
 * (Modern English: enough)
 * (Modern English: enough)

Descendants

 * (obsolete)

Prefix

 * 1) a marker for the third person object

Usage notes
The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to: In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable and not reduced, then its vowel is lengthened, even in the case where the prefix itself disappears.
 * if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
 * (i.e. the prefix disappears) if the first syllable begins with a consonant.
 * if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.
 * if the first syllable begins with two consonants and its vowel is.

Etymology 2
The allomorphs and  are direct descendants of the original, used before consonants. However, Proto-Cariban had on vowel-initial stems; the Ye'kwana forms  and  are innovations that it shares with certain other Cariban languages. For the former, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. The latter, meanwhile, derives from an earlier form also found in several languages of the 🇨🇬 branch.

Usage notes
The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to: In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable and not reduced, then its vowel is lengthened, even in the case where the prefix itself disappears.
 * if the first syllable begins with a vowel other than.
 * if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
 * (i.e. the prefix disappears) if the first syllable begins with a consonant. The initial consonant is also palatalized.
 * But, with postpositions only, instead if the first syllable begins with a consonant, , , or.
 * if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.

In the Cunucunuma River dialect, the forms taken and their distribution are somewhat different:
 * (i.e. the prefix disappears) if the reference is deictic, referring to a specified object.
 * (in free variation with ) if the first syllable begins with a vowel other than.
 * if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
 * if the first syllable begins with a consonant. The initial consonant is also palatalized.
 * But, with postpositions only, instead if the first syllable begins with a consonant (unclear if limited to, , , and ).

title: y-


text:
drier

Etymology 1
From, , equivalent to.

Usage notes
In both British and American English, the spelling is preferred for the comparative adjective and  for the noun.

title: drier


text:
mad

Etymology
From, , , , from , , past participle of , , from , from "weak; crippled"; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, literary 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from  "to change"; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  Insane; crazy, mentally deranged.
 * 2)  Angry, annoyed.
 * 3)  Bizarre; incredible.
 * 4) Wildly confused or excited.
 * 5)  Extremely foolish or unwise; irrational; imprudent.
 * 6)  Extremely enthusiastic about; crazy about; infatuated with; overcome with desire for.
 * 7)  Abnormally ferocious or furious; or, rabid, affected with rabies.
 * 8)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Bizarre; incredible.
 * 2) Wildly confused or excited.
 * 3)  Extremely foolish or unwise; irrational; imprudent.
 * 4)  Extremely enthusiastic about; crazy about; infatuated with; overcome with desire for.
 * 5)  Abnormally ferocious or furious; or, rabid, affected with rabies.
 * 6)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1) Wildly confused or excited.
 * 2)  Extremely foolish or unwise; irrational; imprudent.
 * 3)  Extremely enthusiastic about; crazy about; infatuated with; overcome with desire for.
 * 4)  Abnormally ferocious or furious; or, rabid, affected with rabies.
 * 5)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Extremely foolish or unwise; irrational; imprudent.
 * 2)  Extremely enthusiastic about; crazy about; infatuated with; overcome with desire for.
 * 3)  Abnormally ferocious or furious; or, rabid, affected with rabies.
 * 4)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Having impaired polarity.
 * 1)  Having impaired polarity.

Usage notes

 * In Commonwealth countries other than Canada, mad typically implies the insane or crazy sense more so than the angry sense.

 * In the United States and Canada, the word mad refers to anger much more often than madness, but such usage is still considered informal by some speakers and labeled as such even in North American English by most UK dictionaries. This is due to an old campaign (since 1781 by amateur language pundits) to discredit the angry sense of the word that was more effective in the UK than in North America. Though not as old as the sense denoting insanity, the sense relating to anger is certainly very old (going back at least to the fourteenth century).

 * On the other hand, if one is described as having "went mad" or "gone mad" in North America, this denotes insanity, and not anger. Meanwhile, if one "is mad at" something or has "been mad about" something, it is understood that they are angered rather than insane. In addition, such derivatives as "madness", "madman", "madhouse" and "madly" always denote insanity, irrespective of whether one is in the Commonwealth or in North America.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:insane
 * See also Thesaurus:angry

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assamese: বলিয়া, পগলা
 * Asturian:, , allunáu,
 * Azerbaijani:, gic, divanə, məcnun
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:, 癲
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: vanvittig, skør, ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: ørur, svakur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: გიჟი, შეშლილი, სულიერად ავადმყოფი, შეურაცხადი
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek:, , ,
 * Ancient: μανικός
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, , , ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese: 気が狂った,, 頭がおかしい
 * Javanese:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Latin: delirus, vēcors,, dēmēns
 * Latvian: traks, ārprātīgs, vājprātīgs
 * Lithuanian: pamišęs, nenormalus, beprotis, išprotėjęs
 * Livonian: ul
 * Louisiana Creole French: fou, fòl
 * Macedonian: луд
 * Malay:
 * Manx: meecheeallagh
 * Ngarrindjeri: wurangi
 * Norwegian:, sprø
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: wōd
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Pitjantjatjara: rama
 * Plautdietsch: errsennich
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Sardinian: maccu, iscassiadu
 * Scottish Gaelic: às a ciall, às a chiall
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: лу̑д
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: bláznivý
 * Southern Altai: тели
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish:, ,   ,  ,  , fıttırık
 * Ukrainian:, збожеволілий
 * Urdu: پاگل
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:

 * Asturian: enoxáu, engafáu, embravecíu, encabronáu, rabiáu, cabreáu, enfurruñáu, enfocicáu, enfoscáu, focicón, gafu
 * Breton:, ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: vred,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: óður
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: ὀργίλος
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: vihain
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: تورە, تۆراو, عادز
 * Latin: īrātus
 * Louisiana Creole French: fashé, kolè, kolær, brouyé
 * Norwegian:, sinna, olm
 * Old English: ierre
 * Pashto: لېویى
 * Plautdietsch: doll
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Thai: บ้าคลั่ง
 * Ukrainian:, розгніваний, розсерджений, розлючений

 * Asturian:
 * Danish: vild med, vild efter, helt oppe og køre
 * Esperanto:
 * Greek: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Pashto:
 * Spanish:

Adverb

 * 1)  Intensifier; to a large degree; extremely; exceedingly; very; unbelievably.
 * He was driving mad slow.
 * It's mad hot today.
 * He seems mad keen on her.

Synonyms

 * ; helluv; wicked

Verb

 * 1)  To be or become mad.
 * 2)  To madden, to anger, to frustrate.
 * 1)  To madden, to anger, to frustrate.

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) good

Noun

 * 1) goodness

Etymology 1
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) food

Derived terms

 * aftensmad
 * morgenmad
 * natmad
 * madglad
 * madglad

Noun

 * 1) a slice of bread with something on top.

Usage notes
Very compound-prone; see for example or.

Etymology 1
From, , the past participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) Mad, insane, deranged; not of sound mind.
 * 2) Emotionally overwhelmed; consumed by mood or feelings.
 * 3) Perplexed, bewildered; surprised emotionally.
 * 4) Irate, rageful; having much anger or fury.
 * 5) Idiotic or dumb; badly thought out or conceived
 * 6)  Obstinate, incautious, overenthusiastic.
 * 7)  Distraught, sad, unhappy.
 * 8)  Scatterbrained or absent-minded.

Etymology 2
Derived from the adjective.

Verb

 * 1) if it be; if it were

Etymology 2
A reduced form of.

Adverb

 * 1) well, fortunately

Etymology 1
From Pre-Palauan *maða, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  eye organ, face, facial expression
 * 2) front; area, space or time in front of
 * 3) aperture, access, entrance
 * 1) aperture, access, entrance
 * 1) aperture, access, entrance

Etymology 2
From Pre-Palauan *maðe, from, from.

Verb

 * 1) to die

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) good
 * 2) lucky, fortunate
 * 3) suitable

Noun

 * 1) goodness
 * 2) good person

Etymology
From, from ,.

title: mad


text:
dryer

Usage notes
In both British and American English, the spelling is preferred for the comparative adjective and  for the noun.

Etymology 1
From, , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) One who, or that which, dries; a desiccative.
 * The sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.
 * 1) A household appliance that removes the water from clothing by accelerating evaporation, usually though heat and a tumbling motion.
 * 2) An electric hair dryer.
 * 3) Any other device or facility, household or industrial, designed to remove water or humidity.
 * 4) A catalyst used to promote the drying of paints and varnishes by oxidative crosslinking.
 * 1) A catalyst used to promote the drying of paints and varnishes by oxidative crosslinking.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: quruducu
 * Bulgarian: суши́лня
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kuivuri, kuivain,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: საშრობი
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Icelandic: þurrkari
 * Irish: triomadóir
 * Italian: essiccatoio
 * Japanese: 衣類乾燥機,
 * Korean: 빨래 건조기, 건조기
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ
 * Norman: s'tcheux
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: secadora
 * Russian: суши́льная маши́на,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman:, sušilica, sušionik
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: patuyuan
 * Tibetan: དུག་སློག་སྐམ་ཡག་འཕྲུལ་འཁོར
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uzbek: qurituvchi
 * Welsh:

 * Esperanto: sekigilo
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: secador,
 * Tibetan: སྐམ་ཡག་འཕྲུལ་འཁོར

 * Georgian:

title: dryer


text:
Talk:Hindi

What is the Persian section for in this article? Is it supposed to be a translation in the English section? — Hippietrail 07:18, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Translation
Does anyone speak this language and can translate something for me?

RFV discussion: December 2023–March 2024
A user defined Hindi (adjective) to mean Indian Muslim historically and used Hobson Jobson as a reference. Hobson Jobson defines Hindi to mean Indian, not Indian Muslim specifically. Foreverknowledge (talk) 18:35, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV-Failed. --Svartava (talk) 16:37, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hindi


text:
ser humano

Noun

 * 1) human being

Noun

 * 1) human being

Noun

 * 1) human being

title: ser humano


text:
Talk:zoo

One of the Swedish translations given here is "Zoo". Does this word have a capital letter in Swedish? If not, please change to a lower-case 'z'; if so, it might be worth adding a wiki comment to this effect - something like.

title: Talk:zoo


text:
Yamato

Etymology
From, itself of uncertain derivation, but likely related to. See.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ancient Japan.
 * 2) Any of several towns in Japan; see.
 * 3) The imperial house which formerly ruled Japan from the province of Yamato; by extension, the dominant native ethnic group in Japan.
 * 1) The imperial house which formerly ruled Japan from the province of Yamato; by extension, the dominant native ethnic group in Japan.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean: ^야마토
 * Portuguese: Yamato
 * Russian:

Noun

 * 1) A member of the Yamato court which formerly ruled Japan; by extension, a member of the dominant native ethnic group of Japan.
 * 2) One of a class of battleships used by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War.
 * 1) One of a class of battleships used by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War.

Noun

 * 1) Japan, Yamato

title: Yamato


text:
trireme

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  A galley with three banks of oars, one above the other, used mainly as a warship.

Related terms

 * /monoreme/penteconter
 * /pentere
 * /pentere
 * /pentere

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech: triréma
 * Finnish:, trieeri
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τριήρης
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Italian: trireme
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, trirremo
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
, from +.

title: trireme


text:
arbalest

Etymology
From, from (modern ), from , from  +.

Noun

 * 1) A steel crossbow.
 * 2) A crossbowman who uses an arbalest.
 * 1) A crossbowman who uses an arbalest.

Translations

 * Esperanto: arbalesto
 * German: Arbalest
 * Ido:
 * Malagasy:
 * Polish: arbalet
 * Portuguese: arbaleta
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: samostrel

title: arbalest


text:
einherjar

Etymology
From (rarely attested singular ).

Noun

 * 1)  The warriors who died fighting bravely and were brought by valkyries to Valhalla, where they feast and prepare for Ragnarok.

Translations

 * Japanese: エインヘルヤル, エインヘリャル, エインヘリヤル
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: einherje
 * Nynorsk: einherje

Etymology
From Old Norse 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  the, dead warriors in Valhalla

Descendants
All North Germanic descendants are borrowed.

title: einherjar


text:
jarl

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1)  A medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark.

Translations

 * Danish: jarl
 * Faroese: jallur
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Icelandic:
 * Marathi: यार्ल
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: jarl
 * Nynorsk: jarl
 * Old Norse: jarl
 * Polish:
 * Proto-Norse: ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an earl
 * 1) an earl

Etymology
From, from , from , akin to 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) earl (especially applied to nobles of Britain in modern times)
 * 1) earl (especially applied to nobles of Britain in modern times)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an earl
 * 1) an earl

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an earl
 * 1) an earl

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A highborn, noble man or warrior.
 * 2) earl (in dignity next to the king)

Etymology
.

title: jarl


text:
paladin

Etymology
From, from , from , derived from. Doublet of.

Noun

 * 1) A heroic champion, especially a knight.
 * 2) A defender or advocate of a noble cause.
 * 3) Any of the twelve Companions of the court of.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 聖騎士
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: palaidín
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin: pugnator, pugnatrix
 * Macedonian: па́ладин
 * Polish: paladyn
 * Portuguese: paladino
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovene: paladin
 * Spanish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 圣骑士
 * German:, , ,
 * Macedonian: хра́брец
 * Spanish: ,

Etymology
, from. .

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * 1) paladin

title: paladin


text:
trike

Etymology 1
Shortening of, modelled on.

Noun

 * 1) A tricycle, typically that of a child.
 * 2) A three-wheeled motorbike.
 * 3) A kind of railroad maintenance vehicle: a speeder or jigger.
 * 1) A kind of railroad maintenance vehicle: a speeder or jigger.

Verb

 * 1) To tricycle; to travel by tricycle.

Etymology 2
Shortening of.

Noun

 * 1)  A triceratops.

title: trike


text:
anti-Semitic

Etymology

 * , which was first used in 1860 by Jewish scholar.

For more see anti-Semitism.

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to or exhibiting anti-Semitism.

Usage notes

 * Though refers in a broader sense to all those who speak Semitic languages (including e.g. Arabs and Assyrians), the term anti-Semitism has historically referred to prejudice against Jews alone. To avoid the confusion of the misnomer, many scholars of the subject (such as Emil Fackenheim) now favor the unhyphenated antisemitic in order to emphasize that the word should be read as a single unified term, not as a meaningful root word–prefix combination.   (See Wikipedia's article on the etymology and usage of the term.) Use of the term to refer to prejudice against any Semitic people is rare and nonstandard, occurring chiefly in anti-Israel discourse.

Translations

 * Albanian: antisemitik
 * Amharic: ጸረ ሤማዊ
 * Arabic: مُعَاد لِلْسَامِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: antisemita
 * Belarusian: антысемі́цкі
 * Catalan: antisemita, antisemític
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 反猶太
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: antisemitisk
 * Esperanto: kontraŭjuda, antisemitisma
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician: antisemita
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: frith-Sheimíteach
 * Italian:, antisemitico
 * Latvian: antisemītisks
 * Manx: noi-Ewnagh
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: antissemítico
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: antisemita
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Yiddish: אַנטיסעמיטיש

title: anti-Semitic


text: Category:French adjectives

title: Category:French adjectives


text:
anti-Semite

Etymology
1881, from (coined by Wilhelm Marr in 1879 as a scientific-sounding self-identification), from  (coined by Moritz Steinschneider in 1860), from  +

Noun

 * 1) Someone with anti-Semitic views.

Translations

 * Albanian: antisemit
 * Arabic: مُعَادٍ لِلسَّامِيَّةِ
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: антысемі́т, антысемі́тка
 * Bulgarian: антисеми́т, антисеми́тка
 * Catalan: antisemita
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 反猶太, 反猶份子
 * Czech:
 * Danish: antisemit
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: antisemito
 * Estonian: antisemiit
 * Finnish: antisemitisti
 * French:
 * Galician: antisemita
 * Georgian: ანტისემიტი
 * German:, , Judenfeind , Judenfeindin  , Judenhasser, Judenhasserin
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:, אנטישמית
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 反ユダヤ主義者
 * Korean: 반유대주의자
 * Latvian: antisemīts, antisemīte
 * Lithuanian: antisemitas, antisemitė
 * Macedonian: антисеми́т, антисеми́тка
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: antisemitt,
 * Nynorsk: antisemitt, jødehatar
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: антисѐмӣт
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:, antisemitka
 * Slovene: antisemit, antisemitka
 * Spanish: antisemita
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, антисемі́тка
 * Yiddish: אַנטיסעמיט, שׂונא־ישׂראל

title: anti-Semite


text: anti-semitism

title: anti-semitism


text: Category:Colors

title: Category:Colors


text:
Talk:is

Unclear definition
What does English def #2 mean: does, has, should?? — Hippietrail 10:42, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe [s]he is trying to indicate its use as an auxiliary verb as well as a copula? —Muke Tever 12:35, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I thought of that but as it is it's certainly not clear. If you're thinking of the use in making passive verbs, I'm having trouble thinking of ways it's actually used in the present tense. If you're thinking of the way it's used in continuous tenses with the present participle, then it definitely needs to be re-written anyway. And shouldn't such defs exist primarily under "to be"? Are there other ways in which "to be" is used as an auxiliary? — 138.130.33.197 01:38, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

That isn't right, is it ?
you guys is too smart fer me.clinton kellerman-2008

Etymology surprises me
I'm surprised that is does not derive from the Latin esse or, more closely, the Spanish es. Is it a cognate? 68.173.113.106 01:48, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Right, English is a Germanic language, and the common verb forms such as is are Germanic. It is cognate with Spanish, French , Russian , Greek , Albanian , Persian . —Stephen (Talk) 02:05, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

You know what We is
Should this "we is" non-standard use also be added as such? --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:40, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Another example would be Coolio - Gansta's Paradise: "The way things is goin' I don't know".Jiiimbooh (talk) 05:07, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

Alternative form: ees
However the entry of ees shows the /iːz/; isn't then this a synonym rather than an "alternative form"? --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:54, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

Twas there tomorrow is a week
See Tea room/2020/May. - -sche (discuss) 19:33, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

them's
use in them's --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:14, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

Dropping 'is' in online usage
In online usage, the dropping of 'is' (or equivalent) is used to make a statement sound cliche or childish (think 'orange man bad'). Should this be noted here? – Nixinova [T|C] 03:20, 5 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe this usage note belongs on be and not is, although this form of zero copula is probably used most commonly for third person singular constructions, so I could see a case for putting it here too. Someone should probably edit Zero copula and Copula (linguistics) too. I would not be surprised if this derives from AAVE which also drops the copula frequently as noted at African-American_Vernacular_English. 70.175.192.217 03:35, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

RFC discussion: December 2022
For some time, we had listed the pronunciation as:,. The weird "GenAm" pronunciation was removed in [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=is&type=revision&diff=69403089&oldid=69376622 diff], leaving only the normal "US" pronunciation, but then [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=is&type=revision&diff=69647362&oldid=69628217 FanNihongo added /is/] as a standard US/UK/etc pronunciation, which is wrong. Actually, I now see [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AFanNihongo&type=revision&diff=69406227&oldid=63417925 FanNihongo added the earlier, also-wrong GenAm pronunciation], and has added other wrong /-s/ pronunciations, so instead of posting "really? is right?" in the Tea Room, I'm posting "we probably need to check this user's other edits for more errors" here. (Spotted this while looking for a different error, people adding plurals and third-person forms in /-s/ that should be /-z/.) - -sche (discuss) 03:16, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * See User talk:Mahagaja for a similar case. FanNihongo is a native Spanish speaker and has difficulty both hearing the difference between word-final and  in English and believing native English speakers when we assure him that such a difference exists. —Mahāgaja · talk 09:25, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:is


text:
blanc

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) A white cosmetic.
 * 2) A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used especially for braised meat.
 * 1) A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used especially for braised meat.
 * 1) A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used especially for braised meat.
 * 1) A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used especially for braised meat.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Polish: blansz
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Noun

 * 1) white
 * 2) target for shooting practice
 * 3) blank empty space

Etymology
From, perhaps via Old. Compare also 🇨🇬.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Etymology
, from, from , a borrowing of , from , from.

Akin to 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬. More at,.

Adjective

 * 1) white color
 * 2) blank, unused
 * 3)  blank, without expression
 * 1)  blank, without expression

Noun

 * 1) white color
 * 2) silence while in a dialog
 * 3) empty space, on a leaf of paper or in a form
 * 4)  white wine
 * 5) white person, person with a white complexion
 * 6) albumen, egg white
 * 7) white meat
 * 8) correction fluid, whiteout, Tippex
 * 1) albumen, egg white
 * 2) white meat
 * 3) correction fluid, whiteout, Tippex

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Adjective

 * 1) white having a light colour, reflecting all light
 * 2) white having a light skin colour, mostly associated with European descent

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) white

Adjective

 * 1) white

Etymology
From, from (compare Catalan and French , Spanish , Portuguese , Italian ), from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Etymology
From, from. Akin to 🇨🇬,, hence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, hence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) white
 * 2) greyish-white, pale, pallid

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Akin to Old High German "bright, white" (German ), Old Norse  (Danish ), Dutch. More at,.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Noun

 * 1) white (color)

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) white space

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) white

Noun

 * 1) white

title: blanc


text:
maestro

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.
 * 2)  A gang elder in prison.
 * 1)  A gang elder in prison.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُوسِيقَار
 * Armenian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, マエストロ
 * Korean: 거장
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: manju
 * Swedish:

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) music conductor
 * 2) professor, lecturer
 * 3)  teacher
 * 1)  teacher

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a male teacher, professor, or faculty member
 * 2)  an advocate or promoter of something illegal or unethical

Verb

 * 1) to be a teacher; to become a teacher; to study to become a teacher
 * 2)  to promote something illegal or unethical
 * 3)  to be an advocate or promoter of something illegal or unethical

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) maestro

Etymology
, from. , borrowed from Latin,, inherited from Latin, and , borrowed from English.

Etymology
, from, from. .

Noun

 * : a master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.

Noun

 * 1) master

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) teacher
 * 2) master
 * 3) mast
 * 4)  conductor
 * 5) wright
 * 6)  mistral maestrale wind
 * 1)  mistral maestrale wind

Adjective

 * 1) proficient, accomplished, expert
 * 2) main, most important

Etymology
..

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  conductor person who conducts an orchestra

Noun

 * 1)   (unofficial title of distinguished musicians, especially conductors)

Etymology
., borrowed from Latin, and , borrowed from English.

Noun

 * 1) master
 * 2) (master) craftsman, handyman, contractor, construction worker
 * 3)  a male teacher

Adjective

 * 1) master
 * 2) expert

Noun

 * 1)  a

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1)  (male) music conductor
 * 2)  (male) teacher

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) maestro, a composer
 * 2) conductor of an orchestra

title: maestro


text:
noir

Etymology
Shortened from, and from. .

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to film noir, or the atmosphere associated with that genre

Noun

 * 1)  Film noir.
 * 2)  A production in the style of film noir.

Etymology
, from, , from. .

Adjective

 * 1) black in colour
 * 2) dark
 * 3) drunk; inebriated
 * 4) black, of black ethnicity
 * 1) drunk; inebriated
 * 2) black, of black ethnicity
 * 1) black, of black ethnicity

Noun

 * 1) a black person
 * 2) a person whose hair is dark
 * 3) dark; darkness

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1) black

Adjective

 * 1) black

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) black (color)

Adjective

 * 1) black; having a black color

title: noir


text:
bleu

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) timid, shy

Etymology
, from, , , from , from , from , from , , , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Adjective

 * 1) blue
 * 2)  very rare, underdone
 * 1)  very rare, underdone

Noun

 * 1) the color blue
 * 2) blue cheese
 * 3) rookie, new recruit, raw recruit
 * 4) bruise
 * 5)  billiard chalk
 * 6)  a supporter of the Conservative Party
 * 7)  a supporter of the Democratic Party
 * 1)  billiard chalk
 * 2)  a supporter of the Conservative Party
 * 3)  a supporter of the Democratic Party
 * 1)  a supporter of the Conservative Party
 * 2)  a supporter of the Democratic Party

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) light blue

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) blue color

Adjective

 * 1) blue

Etymology
From, , , from , from , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Adjective

 * 1) blue

Noun

 * 1) blue

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) light blue

Noun

 * 1) light blue

title: bleu


text:
libel

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation.
 * 2)  The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly.
 * 3)  Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.
 * 4)  A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek.
 * 5) * 1873,, The Rio Grande, 86 U.S. 178,179
 * These provisions of law being in force, the steamer Rio Grande, owned, as was alleged, by persons in Mexico, being in the port of Mobile, in the Southern District of Alabama, certain materialmen, on the 26th of November, 1867, filed separate libels against her in the district court for the said district.
 * 1)  A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc.
 * 1)  A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc.

Usage notes
In common usage, the noun and verb is particularly used where the defamatory writing meets the legal definition of libel in a particular jurisdiction.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:slander

Derived terms

 * blasphemous libel
 * libel tourism

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: injurie, ærekrænkelse, æresfornærmelse, bagvaskelse
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus, kirjallinen herjaus, häväistyskirjoitus
 * French: écrite,
 * German: schriftliche
 * Greek: λίβελλος, λιβελλογράφημα
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sicilian: calugna, diffamazziuni
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, , smädeskrift
 * Tagalog: paninirang-puri

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: injurie, ærekrænkelse, æresfornærmelse, bagvaskelse
 * Finnish: kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus
 * French: écrite
 * German: schriftliche
 * Greek: συκοφαντική δυσφήμηση
 * Irish: leabhal
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sicilian: calugna, diffamazziuni
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Welsh: enllib

 * Finnish: kunnianloukkauskanne
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, исковое заявле́ние

 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: smædeskrift
 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Greek: λιβελλογράφημα,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: calugna, diffamazziuni

 * Arabic:
 * Dutch: ,
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ;
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:, ,

Verb

 * 1) To defame (someone), especially in a manner that meets the legal definition of libel.
 * 2) To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim.
 * 1) To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim.
 * 1) To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim.
 * 1) To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: bagtale, bagvaske
 * Finnish: loukata jonkun kunniaa kirjallisesti
 * Galician:
 * German: (schriftlich) verleumden
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: διαβάλλω
 * Hungarian:
 * Macedonian: клевети, наклевети
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Slovak: ohovoriť
 * Swedish:, ärekränka,
 * Turkish:, ,

Etymology 1
Borrowed from or.

Noun

 * 1) dragonfly, insect of the infraorder
 * 2) dragonfly or damselfly, insect of the order

Etymology 2
From, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) booklet, notably a  defamatory writing

Etymology 3
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A vial of a level.

Etymology
Ultimately from Latin.

Noun

 * 1) Any short and formal written text
 * 2)  A litigant's statement of complaint, or list of charges
 * 3) Any written formal complaint, particularly in marital conflicts
 * 4) A treatise; a division of a larger work.
 * 1) A treatise; a division of a larger work.
 * 1) A treatise; a division of a larger work.

title: libel


text: Category:Greek language

title: Category:Greek language


text:
Komodo dragon

Etymology
From Komodo (island) + dragon.

Noun

 * , an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.

Synonyms

 * dragon lizard, ,

Translations

 * Catalan: dragó de Komodo
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 科莫多巨蜥, 科摩多巨蜥,
 * Czech: varan komodský
 * Danish: komodovaran
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: Komodo varaan
 * Finnish: komodonvaraani
 * French:, varan de Komodo
 * German:
 * Hungarian: komodói varánusz
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: dragan Chomódó
 * Italian: drago di Komodo
 * Khmer: បង្កួយយក្ស
 * Macedonian: ко́модски ва́ран
 * Malay: bengkatak, komodo
 * Navajo: tiníléítsoh
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: комо́дский вара́н
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: Komodski varan
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: Komodo ejderi
 * Vietnamese:

title: Komodo dragon


text:
RFID

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * German:
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: Auto ID, RFID
 * Swedish: RFID
 * Turkish:

title: RFID


text:
dracunculus

Etymology
Borrowed from, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) A dragonet, a fish of families  or.
 * 2) A  (, now ).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : a small dragon or serpent
 * 1) a thread twisted like a serpent
 * 2) a sort of fish, dragonet
 * 3) tarragon

title: dracunculus


text:
laccic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Characteristic of lac, such as in laccic acid.

title: laccic


text:
Gadhelic

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: Gadhelic


text:
Talk:bleu

There was a lot of extraneous material on this page, much of which was in French. I include it below - I have translated some of it into English. It consists mainly of entries containing the word "bleu" that need to go on separate pages.

The translations, with language names in French, do not belong here but are included in case any are not already at the English entry "blue".

Translations

 * Albanais: kaltërt
 * Allemand: blau (1)
 * Anglais: blue (1), rare (2)
 * Breton: glas
 * Bulgare син m (1)
 * Catalan: blau m, blava f
 * Danois: blå
 * Espagnol: azul, celeste (bleu clair)
 * Esperanto: blua
 * Estonien: sinine
 * Finnois: sininen
 * Frison: blau
 * Gaélique: glas
 * Grec: μπλε (ble)
 * Hébreu: כחול
 * Hongrois: kék
 * Islandais: blár
 * Indonésien: biru
 * Irlandais: gorm
 * Italien: (bleu foncé) blu; (bleu clair) azzurro
 * Japonais: 青 (あお, ao), 青い (あおい, aoi)
 * Latin: caerulus
 * Macédonien: сина
 * Néerlandais: blauw (1), blauwe (1)
 * Norvégien: blåfarge
 * Polonais: niebieski, (bleu ciel) błękit
 * Portuguais: azúl
 * Russe: синий, (bleu clair) голубой
 * Serbe: plava
 * Slovaque: belasý, modrý
 * Suédois: blå (1)
 * Tchèque: modrý
 * Tok Pisin: blu (1)
 * Turc: mavi
 * Vietnamien: xanh (blue or green), xanh lam

Noun:

Translation

 * Néerlandais: groentje n (2), blauwe plek f (3)

Expressions

 * In cheeses, les « bleu » are cheeses whose material contains mushrooms giving them a blue color, as << le Bleu de Bresse ;>> see French article Fromages à pâte persillée&nbsp on french wikipedia;;
 * in the army, and in some professional environments, a « bleu » is a beginner, someone without any experience (the term « bleu-bite » is also used) ;
 * in medicine, a « bleu » is a bruise ;

(not translated) the « bleu à l'âme » deals with les « coups au moral » (dépression passagère, mélancolie) ;
 * avoir le sang bleu is a  sign of  noblesse, pas seulement en référence à celle des yeux mais qu'une peau peu mélanisée permet de voir plus nettement le réseau des veines,
 * un col bleu (du bleu de travail) is a worker (contrary of col blanc );
 * In sports such as football/soccer, « les bleus » is the french national team, d'après la couleur du maillot ; entre 1914 et 1941 (lorsqu'elle fut assimilée aux alliés après la déroute de 1940) ce fut la couleur de l'uniforme de l'armée française et donc indirectement celle de la majorité à la chambre des députés de 1919.
 * le bleu de méthylène est un produit utilisé en biologie pour la coloration des cellules en vue de leur observation, et en médecine comme antiseptique ;
 * le bleu de bromothymol est un indicateur coloré utilisé en chimie et utilisé pour déterminer l'acidité (le pH) d'une solution.

title: Talk:bleu


text:
vanilla

Etymology
Borrowed from, a diminutive form of. "plain" senses derive from the perceived plainness of vanilla ice cream.

Noun

 * 1)  Any tropical, climbing orchid of the genus  (especially ), bearing podlike fruit yielding an extract used in flavoring food or in perfumes.
 * 2)  The fruit or bean of the vanilla plant.
 * 3)  The extract of the fruit of the vanilla plant.
 * 4)  The distinctive fragrant flavour/flavor characteristic of vanilla extract.
 * 5)  Any artificially produced homologue of vanilla extract, principally vanillin produced from lignin from the paper industry or from petrochemicals.
 * 6)  Someone who is not into fetishism.
 * 7)  An unmodded version of a game.
 * 8) A yellowish-white colour, like that of vanilla ice cream.
 * 1)  Someone who is not into fetishism.
 * 2)  An unmodded version of a game.
 * 3) A yellowish-white colour, like that of vanilla ice cream.
 * 1) A yellowish-white colour, like that of vanilla ice cream.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: vanil
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Classical Nahuatl: tlīlxōchitl
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: vanilo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვანილი
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vanillujurt
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: вани́ла
 * Nahuatl:
 * Norman: vanille
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: baynilya
 * Thai: วานิลลา
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: וואַנילע

 * Azerbaijani: vanil
 * Basque: banilla
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: baynilya
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 雲呢拿, 香草
 * Mandarin:
 * Classical Nahuatl: tlīlxōchitl
 * Czech:
 * Danish: vanilje
 * Esperanto: vanilo
 * Finnish: vaniljatanko
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვანილი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vanilla, vanilja
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: vanila
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: vanîlya
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Macedonian: вани́ла
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay:
 * Norman: vanille
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: waynilla
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ванила, ванилија
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovene: vanilja
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wanilja
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: vaniljstång
 * Tagalog: baynilya
 * Thai: ฝักวานิลลา
 * Tongan: vanila
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: ایک خوشبو
 * Vietnamese: vani,
 * Yiddish: וואַנילע

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: vanil
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 雲尼拿香油
 * Mandarin:
 * Classical Nahuatl: tlīlxōchitl
 * Esperanto: vanilo
 * Faroese: vanilja
 * Finnish: vaniljauute
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვანილი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Icelandic: vanilla, vanilja
 * Indonesian: vanila
 * Irish: fanaile
 * Manx: vanilley
 * Norman: vanille
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: vaniljeessens
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wanilja
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: baynilya
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: וואַנילע

 * Arabic: ڤَانِيلَّا, ڤَانِيلِيَا, وَنِيلِيَّة
 * Egyptian Arabic: ڤانيليا
 * Hijazi Arabic: فنيليا
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: vanil
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 雲呢拿, 香草
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: vanilo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვანილი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vanilla, vanilja
 * Indonesian: vanila
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer: វ៉ានីឡា
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: вани́ла
 * Manx: vanilley
 * Maori: wanira
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wanilja
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: lavani, vanila
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: baynilya
 * Thai: วานิลลา
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: וואַנילע

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: vanil
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვანილი
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: vanilla, vanilja
 * Ido:
 * Macedonian: вани́ла
 * Norman: vanille
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: baynilya
 * Turkish:

Adjective

 * 1)  Of vanilla.
 * 2)  Standard, plain, default, unmodified, basic.
 * 3)  Not kinky, not involving BDSM.
 * 4) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1)  Not kinky, not involving BDSM.
 * 2) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.
 * 1) Plain; conventional; unimaginative.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:bare-bones
 * See also Thesaurus:bare-bones

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ванилов
 * Dutch: vanille-
 * Finnish:, vaniljainen
 * French: de vanille, à la vanille
 * Ido: vanilala
 * Italian: di vaniglia, alla vaniglia, vanigliato
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: vainillado
 * Swedish: vanilj-

 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Russian:

 * Navajo: doo ádíláahgo naanéego, doo ádíláahgo jikʼeedgo

Etymology
From, from , diminutive of , from.

title: vanilla


text:
mute

Etymology 1
From, from , , , from + , remodelled after.

Adjective

 * 1) Not having the power of speech; dumb.
 * 2) Silent; not making a sound.
 * 3) * 1956, Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins (?, translators), Lion Feuchtwanger (German author), Raquel: The Jewess of Toledo (translation of Die Jüdin von Toledo), Messner, page 178:
 * “ The heathens have broken into Thy Temple, and Thou art silent! Esau mocks Thy Children, and Thou remainest mute! Show thyself, arise, and let Thy Voice resound, Thou mutest among all the mute!”
 * 1) Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; said of certain letters.
 * 2) Not giving a ringing sound when struck; said of a metal.
 * 1) Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; said of certain letters.
 * 2) Not giving a ringing sound when struck; said of a metal.

Translations

 * Adyghe: бзако
 * Arabic: أَخْرَس, أَبْكَم
 * Egyptian Arabic: أخرس
 * Aragonese: mudo
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: mut
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: mutu
 * Bau Bidayuh: bebe'
 * Belarusian: нямы́
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chamicuro: majnachalelo
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 啞
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, umælende
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: málleysur, dumbur
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: mut
 * Galician: mudo
 * German:
 * Low German:
 * Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌱𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἄλαλος, ἐνεός, ἄναυδος, ἄφωνος
 * Greenlandic: oqajuitsoq
 * Haitian Creole: bèbè
 * Hebrew: אילם
 * Hindi: गूंगा,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: mállaus
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: mykkä
 * Irish: balbh
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , 口の利けない
 * Javanese:
 * Kabardian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: لاڵ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latgalian: māms
 * Latin:, infans
 * Latvian: mēms
 * Luxembourgish: stomm
 * Macedonian: нем
 * Malay:, kelu, gagu, tunawicara
 * Manchu: ᡥᡝᠯᡝ
 * Maori: wahangū
 * Middle English: dumb, muet
 * Norman: muet
 * Northern Sami: gielaheapme
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old English: dumb
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sardinian: mudu, mutu
 * Scottish Gaelic: balbh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: не̑м, није̑м, му̏тав
 * Roman:, ,
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:, nehovoriaci
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: nimy
 * Spanish:
 * Sundanese: pireu, wisu
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: лол
 * Talysh: lol
 * Tarifit: aynaw, agnaw, aziyzun
 * Tat: lal
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: німи́й
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Votic: nʹemoi
 * Walloon: ,
 * Welsh:
 * Zazaki:

 * Arabic: صَامِت
 * Asturian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 缄默的, 无声的
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, , , ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, , ,
 * Latin:, infans
 * Maori: hāngū
 * Middle English: dumb, muet
 * Norman: muet
 * Persian: بی‌صدا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Zazaki: bêveng, bêhes

Noun

 * 1)  A stopped consonant; a stop.
 * 2)  An actor who does not speak; a mime performer.
 * 3) * 1668 OF Dramatick Poesie, AN ESSAY. By JOHN DRYDEN Esq;
 * As for the poor honest Maid, whom all the Story is built upon, and who ought to be one of the principal Actors in the Play, she is commonly a Mute in it:
 * 1) A person who does not have the power of speech.
 * 2) A hired mourner at a funeral; an undertaker's assistant.
 * 3)  An object for dulling the sound of an instrument, especially a brass instrument, or damper for pianoforte; a sordine.
 * 4) An electronic switch or control that mutes the sound.
 * 5) A mute swan.
 * 1)  An object for dulling the sound of an instrument, especially a brass instrument, or damper for pianoforte; a sordine.
 * 2) An electronic switch or control that mutes the sound.
 * 3) A mute swan.
 * 1) An electronic switch or control that mutes the sound.
 * 2) A mute swan.
 * 1) A mute swan.

Translations

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian: глухоням
 * Catalan: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: mutulo
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: mudo
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Classical Greek: ἄφθογγα
 * Ingrian: mykkä
 * Irish: balbhán
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Old English: dumb
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: balbhan, balbhag
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:
 * Ukrainian: німи́й
 * Vietnamese: người câm
 * Walloon: ,
 * Welsh:

 * Bulgarian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Italian: sordino,
 * Norwegian: sordin
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: mudydd

 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

Verb

 * 1)  To silence, to make quiet.
 * 2)  To turn off the sound of.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, rendre silencieux, rendre muet,
 * Hungarian:
 * Maori: whakangū
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:

 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: mettre en silencieux, couper le son,, mettre en sourdine
 * German:
 * Hungarian: lenémít
 * Norwegian: slå av,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish:, quitar el sonido
 * Swedish: ,

Etymology 2
From, probably a shortened form of , ultimately from.

Verb

 * 1)  Of a bird: to defecate.

Noun

 * 1) The faeces of a hawk or falcon.

Translations

 * Norwegian: skitt,

Etymology 3
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To cast off; to moult.

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) mutely, speechlessly

Etymology
Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mouth

Etymology
From,. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and, 🇨🇬 and , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  mouth orifice for ingesting food
 * 2) orifice, opening, entrance
 * 3) face
 * 4) kiss
 * 1) orifice, opening, entrance
 * 2) face
 * 3) kiss
 * 1) orifice, opening, entrance
 * 2) face
 * 3) kiss
 * 1) kiss
 * 1) kiss
 * 1) kiss

Verb

 * 1)  to feel sorry for
 * 2)  to complain about

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1)  to produce the sound

Etymology 1
From from  (of unclear origin). Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bribe
 * 2) secrecy

Verb

 * 1)  to bribe
 * 2)  to hide, conceal

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to apply for a mining permit

title: mute


text:
jackpudding

Noun

 * 1) An amusing person who acts foolishly in order to entertain others

Synonyms

 * buffoon, clown, comedian comic, cutup, fool, harlequin, humorist, jester, joker, merry-andrew, wag, zany

title: jackpudding


text:
per se

Etymology
, from and.

Adverb

 * 1)  Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.
 * 2)   In a true or literal sense; as one would expect from the name or description.
 * , anonymous conversationalists, quoted in, 1998, Tom Chiarella, Writing Dialogue, Story Press, ISBN 9781884910326, page 12:
 * I take photographs. But I'm not a photographer.
 * Per se.
 * Right. Not per se.
 * Right.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * , anonymous conversationalists, quoted in, 1998, Tom Chiarella, Writing Dialogue, Story Press, ISBN 9781884910326, page 12:
 * I take photographs. But I'm not a photographer.
 * Per se.
 * Right. Not per se.
 * Right.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  As the principle of its own determination and positing itself.
 * 2)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  Not leaving discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.

Usage notes

 * Because this is originally a Latin phrase, it is sometimes italicized when it is written.

 * Increasingly misspelled by English speakers as per say or persay.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: jako takový, (samo) o sobě, samo sebou
 * Danish: i sig selv, som sådan, per se
 * Dutch: op zich,, an sich
 * Esperanto: per si mem
 * Estonian: iseseisvalt
 * Finnish:, pohjimmiltaan, itsessään
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: როგორც ასეთი
 * German:, , als solches
 * Greek: ως έχει,, εξ' ορισμού
 * Hebrew: כשלעצמו
 * Hungarian: mint olyan
 * Icelandic: í sjálfu sér, út af fyrir sig
 * Italian: di per se
 * Japanese: それ自体
 * Macedonian: сам по себе
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: i seg selv, som sådan
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:, sam z siebie
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: în sine
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: bizahiti
 * Ukrainian: сам по собі́, по су́ті, як такий

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: sellaisenaan, varsinaisesti
 * German: entsprechend seinem Namen, bezeichnungsgemäß, als solches

Adjective

 * 1)  Positing itself and being a principle of its own determination.
 * 2)  That does not leave discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  That does not leave discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  That does not leave discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  That does not leave discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.
 * 1)  That does not leave discretion to the judge to take into account additional factors that could rebut the judgment, deriving the qualification from the statute.

Etymology
From, from and.

Adverb

 * 1) necessarily, absolutely, without fail
 * 2)  per se

Usage notes
The ‘necessity’ meaning is the usual one; the original Latin meaning as in English is rarely used and can be misunderstood.

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1)  without considering extraneous factors

title: per se


text:
positive crystal

Noun

 * 1)  A doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, such as quartz and ice; as opposed to negative crystal: one in which this characteristic is reversed, such as Iceland spar or tourmaline.

title: positive crystal


text:
cacoxenite

Etymology
From +  because the phosphorous content of cacoxenite lessens the quality of iron smelted from ore containing it.

Noun

 * 1)  A soft phosphate of iron occurring in yellowish clumps: hydrated iron aluminum phosphate oxide: (Fe,Al)25(PO4)17O6(OH)12·17H2O.

title: cacoxenite


text:
dephlogisticate

Etymology
From, after.

Verb

 * 1) To take away the phlogiston, i.e. ability to burn, which is now understood to be chemically impossible

title: dephlogisticate


text:
archery

Etymology
From, from , from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  The practice or sport of shooting arrows with a bow.
 * 2)  A group of archers.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:, boogskut
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: стральба́ з лу́ка
 * Bulgarian: стрелба́ с лък
 * Catalan: tir amb arc
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 箭術,
 * Czech: lukostřelba
 * Danish: bueskydning
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: vibusport
 * Ewe: aŋutrɔdada
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მშვილდოსნობა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τοξεία
 * Hindi:, तीरंदाज़ी
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: tiro con l'arco
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Latvian: loka šaušana
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: стреличарство
 * Maltese: dwell
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: bueskyting
 * Nynorsk: bogeskyting
 * Occitan: tir amb arc
 * Persian: تیراندازی با کمان
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: arco-e-flecha
 * Russian: стрельба́ из лу́ка
 * Scottish Gaelic: boghadaireachd
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: стрѐлича̄рство
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: lukostrelectvo
 * Slovene: lokostrelstvo
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: bågskjutning
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Tuvan:
 * Ukrainian: стрільба́ з лу́ка
 * Vietnamese: bắn cung
 * Welsh: saethyddiaeth

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ryhmä jousiampujia
 * French:

title: archery


text:
positive degree

Noun

 * 1)  That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.

Usage notes
English has three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. For short adjectives, English adds the suffix "-er" to an adjective to form the comparative degree, and adds "-est" to form the superlative degree. For adjectives longer than about two syllables, and for adverbs, English precedes the word with "more" for the comparative and "most" for the superlative.

Translations

 * Albanian: shkalla pohore
 * Breton:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: degré positif,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: bunchéim
 * Japanese:
 * Manx: bun-cheim
 * Polish: stopień równy
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: pozitív, prvý stupeň
 * Slovene: osnóvnik
 * Welsh: gradd gysefin

title: positive degree


text:
Talk:Gadhelic

Isn't the correct spelling "Goidelic"? "Gadhelic" doesn't get very many Google hits. — 138.130.33.197 01:44, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Webster's unabridged says the latter is an alternate spelling of the former. Tormod Monday, 19 July 2004, 01:51 UTC

Gadhelic is not commonly used as far as I'm aware. The usual word used in Linguistics is Goidelic, which doesn't seem to have an entry. --Moilleadóir 05:48, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gadhelic


text: Category:Adjectives

title: Category:Adjectives


text: Category:Parts of speech

title: Category:Parts of speech


text:
wikify

Verb

 * 1)  To adapt to the standards and facilities of an existing wiki, such as by marking up with wikitext.
 * 2)  To make into a wiki, or to use a wiki approach for.
 * 3)  To use or participate in a wiki.
 * 1)  To make into a wiki, or to use a wiki approach for.
 * 2)  To use or participate in a wiki.
 * 1)  To make into a wiki, or to use a wiki approach for.
 * 2)  To use or participate in a wiki.
 * 1)  To use or participate in a wiki.
 * 1)  To use or participate in a wiki.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: wikifere
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: vikiigi
 * Estonian: vikindama
 * Finnish: wikittää
 * French:
 * Galician: wikificar
 * German: wikifizieren
 * Greek: βικιποιώ
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ウィキ化
 * Korean: 위키화 시키다
 * Latvian: wikificēt
 * Malayalam: വിക്കിവൽക്കരിക്കുക
 * Norwegian: wikifisere
 * Portuguese: wikificar
 * Romanian: wikifa
 * Russian: викифици́ровать
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: вікіфікува́ти
 * Vietnamese:

title: wikify


text:
belligerent

Etymology
From, present active participle of , from , from +  (from ).

Adjective

 * 1) Engaged in warfare, warring.
 * 2) Eager to go to war, warlike.
 * 3) Of or pertaining to war.
 * 4)  Aggressively hostile, eager to fight.
 * 5) Acting violently towards others.
 * 6) Uncooperative.
 * 1) Uncooperative.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: ваю́ючы
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish: krigsførende
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: sõdiv
 * Finnish: sotaakäyvä
 * French:
 * Galician: belixerante
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian: háborúzó, ,
 * Italian:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Maori: kaikiri
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: walczący
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: krigförande
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: вою́ючий

 * Belarusian: ваяўні́чы
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: krigslysten
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, sotaintoinen
 * French:
 * Galician: belixerante
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Maori: kaitaua, kaikiri
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: krigersk, stridslysten
 * Occitan:, batalhièr,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: krigslysten
 * Ukrainian: войовни́чий

 * Belarusian: вае́нны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: sota-,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: воен
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan: bellic
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: воє́нний

 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: stridslysten
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * German: streitlustig,
 * Icelandic: herskár, ófriðsamur, deilugjarn
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Maori: ririhau
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: stridslysten
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: riitaa haastava,
 * French:
 * Icelandic: ófriðsamur, deilugjarn
 * Latin:
 * Maori: toheriri, kaikiri
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Italian:

Noun

 * 1) A state or other armed participant in warfare

Derived terms

 * cobelligerent

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: ваюючы бок
 * Bulgarian: воюваща страна
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 交战国
 * Dutch:, oorlogvoerende partij
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: sodan osapuoli
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: styrjaldaraðili, deiluaðili
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Old English: wīġbora
 * Polish: strona konfliktu
 * Portuguese:, beligerantes
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: воюющая сторона́, уча́стник конфликта
 * Spanish:, partes beligerantes, partes enfrentadas
 * Thai: คู่สงคราม
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , present active participle of , from , from +  (from ).

Adjective

 * 1) belligerent, engaged in warfare

Noun

 * 1) A belligerent, armed party in warfare

title: belligerent


text: Category:Nouns by language

title: Category:Nouns by language


text: Category:Adjectives by language

title: Category:Adjectives by language


text:
Category:Verbs

For categories of verbs, please see Category:Verbs by language.

title: Category:Verbs


text: Category:Fruits

title: Category:Fruits


text:
oily

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to or resembling oil.
 * 2) Covered with or containing oil.
 * 3)  Excessively friendly or polite but insincere.
 * 1)  Excessively friendly or polite but insincere.
 * 1)  Excessively friendly or polite but insincere.
 * 1)  Excessively friendly or polite but insincere.

Translations

 * Assamese: তেলীয়া
 * Bulgarian: маслен
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: oleoso
 * German:
 * Kazakh: майлы
 * Kyrgyz: майлуу
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: oljeaktig
 * Nynorsk: oljeaktig
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:, oleaginoso, oleento
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: olach
 * Swedish: compounds with
 * Turkish: yağsı,

 * Assamese: তেলীয়া, তেলাল
 * Bulgarian: промазан
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: oliehoudend
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: λιπαρός
 * Hungarian:
 * Kazakh: майлы
 * Kyrgyz: майлуу
 * Malay: berminyak
 * Maori: hinuhinu
 * Marathi: तेलकट
 * Norman: huileux
 * Plautdietsch: eeljich
 * Portuguese:, oleaginoso, oleento
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: olach
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Yiddish: אייליק

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: podlézavý
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sliomach

Noun

 * 1) A marble with an oily lustre.
 * 2)  Oilskins.
 * 1)  Oilskins.
 * 1)  Oilskins.

title: oily


text:
Talk:wikify

The format of this article is a bit at odds with how we do formatting now. The pronunciation sections are a bit weird too. — Hippietrail 04:57, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll have a go at sorting this out. The transliterations have to go - why would anyone want to transliterate an English word when they can translate it into a word in their own language? — Paul G 08:44, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Done. I've cut out a lot of superfluous material. — Paul G 08:49, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I tried doing it with the correct formatting, so can you tell me what I did wrong? I believe that the pronunciations were correct, you can check X-SAMPA, SAMPA chart for English sounds, and IPA in Unicode to verify. I tried doing a bit extra in the Etymology section because a) etymology "is the study of the origins of words," (and this word has interesting origins), and b) this word is important to the history of Wikipedia, and this is its first dictionary entry (ironically, though, this is Wikipedia, and within a few hours of submission this entry was mercilessly edited ;-)). Most dictionaries go in-depth with certain words, as you can see if you actually read the dictionary :-). But I can see how you would criticize some of that section, so I'm editing it. About the Transliteration section: I originally did want to do a Translation section, but I found out that since most Wikipedias transliterate instead of translate the word "Wikipedia", I decided to follow suit with "Wikify". About the actual definition: I meant for the definition to encompasses all aspects of converting a page to use in Wikipedia and its sister projects. For example: type wikify into Wikipedia, and it comes up with the "How to edit a page" page. If you read that page (but you probably know this from experience) you'll see that merely enclosing internal links in brackets is but a small part of all that goes into a Wikified page. Mike Storm 14:47, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

P.S.: I think that adding translations like that Swedish one is a great idea. Mike Storm 14:59, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I think I've made a nice compromise with all of our material. I also made a change to the Etymology section to maintain NPOV, added Latin to the list of transliterations and "wikicize" the the derived terms list. Mike Storm 15:24, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Oops, forgot to log in -- 67.175.91.111 was me.

I see no merit at all in the "transliterations" section. Are any of these actually used or were they coined for this article? I think we should delete them and add actual translations if and when other languages start using a term for the action of wikifying. — Hippietrail 10:25, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. The reasoning that "Wikipedia is also transliterated" doesn't carry over well: "wiki" is a new-borrowed word, and "pedia" a more-or-less international morpheme, so the translations end up looking like transliterations...  but -fy is a wholly English form. You'd expect real translations like wikifier, wikificar, vicificare, etc.  —Muke Tever 13:45, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

For fun, I looked up the first usages of this word on Usenet using Google Groups:
 * wikified: 7 Feb 2001
 * wikify: 23 Apr 2001 &
 * wikifying: 21 May 2001 &
 * wikifier (French verb!): 11 Jun 2002
 * wikification: 30 Oct 2002

Fine. You guys win. No more transliterations. (No hard feelings, though.) Mike Storm 19:12, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How is wikify specific to Wikimedia wikis? Isn't it more general than that?

 * What do you mean? And please sign your posts by typing ~ (four tildes). Mike Storm 21:22, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Wikicize
wikicize currently redirects to wikify. Instead, shouldn't wikicize be its own article with a link to wikify? Theshibboleth 02:26, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. --Connel MacKenzie 20:17, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikification
A year or two ago, I coined (what I assumed to be) a new word, 'wikification'. I just now stumbled onto this entry for 'wikify', with the related word 'wikification' that I thought was original with me.

The sense I used the term in was the general notion of something developed by a possibly dispersed community of users, not necessarily using a wiki as we know it today. Specifically, I was thinking of the development of a corpus of bilingual parallel text (a text made up of pairs of sentence in language A + sentence in language B, a corpus type commonly used in computational linguistics). The development environment I had in mind was like a wiki in the sense of allowing anyone to edit it, but more structured; but one can imagine other structured or unstructured, but public environments for doing similar tasks.

Obviously if I'm the only person using 'wikification' in this extended sense, then it doesn't belong in a dictionary. So my question is whether I am indeed the only person in the world using the extended sense, where 'wikification' does not need to refer to the wiki tools as we know them today.

Mcswell 17:46, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Looking at this, I'd say yes, this is entering the English language now. --Connel MacKenzie 20:17, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting! FWIW, here's my first use of it: .  There's another use (similar to the one in The Wisdom Network book your google search finds) at  and at .  I'm not sure I understand what they're saying :-), nor do I know whether this is a passing fad or an idea that will last, but it does seem to be a different sense.

 * Another use at, but it seems to just a more generic sense of the original (rather like my use).

 * I saw print citations from 2004 and 2006 - so yes, it probably meets WT:CFI now. Be Bold!  --Connel MacKenzie 02:38, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

wiktionary jargon??
the word wikify is used in the 2nd meaning also outside Wiktionary – I think this limitation should be removed. -- Torzsmokus 86.101.89.205 10:46, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

wikify
As per CFI --Keene 08:33, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep all, as properly tagged. --Connel MacKenzie 08:36, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep as tagged. DAVilla 14:12, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep as tagged. JackLumber 21:55, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Request for verification
Jargon or real? DCDuring TALK 11:30, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The sense is not only inadmissible, but also redundant with the first sense, as far as I can tell.  I've added two more senses. -- Visviva 07:39, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Which senses are you rfving? Wikis are very popular, WikiMedia have the biggest ones, sure, but sense 1 at least meets and surpasses CFI. For the others, I admit, I'd never use the word in that way. Mglovesfun (talk) 23:08, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * From the history, I can see that senses 2 and 3 were added shortly after the rfv. I have converted the RfV to 2 RfV-senses for sense 1 and sense 4. Sense 1 seems to have been cited. Sense 4 has not in nearly nine months, so I would say that it has failed. Neither sense 2 not 3 are cited and probably should be, but as part of a new RfV once this one is closed. DCDuring TALK 00:05, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Sense 1 RFV passed, sense 4 RFV failed and removed, per DCDuring. (Note: in my edit summary, I attributed that to Mglovesfun. Mea culpa.) —Ruakh TALK 19:33, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

RFC discussion: December 2009–September 2012
The quotations don't all seem to correspond to the senses they're attached to. Note that I just closed an RFV discussion for this entry; depending on how the cleanup plays out, we may need to return this to RFV. (That is, the RFV-passed sense may turn out not to have three cites.) —Ruakh TALK 19:35, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

 * BTW, I think the key question to focus on, in distinguishing these senses and assigning quotations accordingly, is what the patient (~direct object) is. Information or text can be wikified by putting it in a wiki; content that's already on a wiki, or an entire wiki page, can be wikified by formatting it so it's consistent with the rest of the wiki; and so on. Sense 3 seems to be patientless. —Ruakh TALK 19:41, 12 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I took a run at this without adding new cites. I disagreed with nothing you said above. These seem to be the main senses based on a quick look at google books. The intransitive sense seems uncommon, but might be attestable. DCDuring TALK 23:49, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:wikify


text:
XNAY

Etymology
, a Usenet message header that indicates the message should not be retained on the server after delivery. Probably also influenced by.

Phrase

 * 1)  Indicates the poster’s request for a message not to be stored in Usenet archives.

title: XNAY


text:
perfect tense

Noun

 * 1) A verb form indicating that an action or state has been completed at the present time, in the past, or shall be completed in the future.
 * 2) Often, specifically, the present perfect tense as distinguished from the past perfect and future perfect tenses.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: свърше́но вре́ме,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 完成時態
 * Danish: ,
 * Finnish: perfektimuoto
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 完了形
 * Latin: perfectum
 * Norman: parfait
 * Norwegian: perfektum, andre futurum
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: соверше́нное вре́мя,
 * Slovak: perfektum

title: perfect tense


text:
hormiga

Etymology
, from, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) ant

title: hormiga


text:
Talk:paraskavedekatriaphobia

Is this a real word? I thought the word was triskedekaphobia or something like that. — Hippietrail 10:50, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Triskaidekaphobia is the fear of the number 13. This would indeed be the fear of Friday the 13th, Friday being, roughly transliterated, "Paraskeve" in Greek.

 * As to whether it is genuine, it is listed as spelled here on Wikipedia and in online lists of phobias, such as, but how many of these are copied from one another without checking their validity is anybody's guess. — Paul G 12:42, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * By necessity, medical terms are created as they are needed from latin and greek. Therefore if there is really a fear of Fridays the Thirteenth and if the Greek roots are correct, then this would be considered a real word to a psychiatrist.

Tormod Monday, 19 July 2004, 12:54 UTC
 * Exactly, that is the point. The Greek roots here are not correct. It strikes the eye just when you look at the Etymology section. Yet nobody seems bothered. --Pyprilescu (talk) 00:05, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

some wonderfully silly person changed it to "fear of dumbasses". changed to something resembling a dictionary entry, someone more skilled then i needs to rectify it to a correct article. --141.168.58.201 13:42, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Etymology
This is from the neuter form δεκατρία, surely, rather than the masculine/feminine forms? — 85.211.52.60 10:39, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:paraskavedekatriaphobia


text:
bosom

Alternative forms

 * bosome (obsolete)

Etymology
From, , from , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Related also to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  The breast or chest of a human (or sometimes of another animal).
 * 2) The seat of one's inner thoughts, feelings, etc.; one's secret feelings; desire.
 * 3) The protected interior or inner part of something; the area enclosed as by an embrace.
 * 4) The part of a dress etc. covering the chest; a neckline.
 * 5) A breast, one of a woman's breasts
 * 6) Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior.
 * 7) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) The part of a dress etc. covering the chest; a neckline.
 * 2) A breast, one of a woman's breasts
 * 3) Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior.
 * 4) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) A breast, one of a woman's breasts
 * 2) Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior.
 * 3) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior.
 * 2) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) A depression round the eye of a millstone.
 * 1) A depression round the eye of a millstone.

Synonyms

 * see Thesaurus:breasts

Translations

 * Arabic: ثَدْي
 * Egyptian Arabic: صدر
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:, пазва
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Classical Nahuatl: ēlchiquihuitl
 * Czech: poprsí
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: barmur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ingrian: seslä, povi
 * Irish: broinne
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: sinus
 * Macedonian: града, гради
 * Maori: ateate, ateatenga, poho, uma
 * Nahuatl:
 * Norwegian: barm
 * Ottoman Turkish: گوگس, باغر, قوین
 * Plautdietsch: Bossem, Brost
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: broilleach, uchd
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: недра, прса
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovene:, prsa, nedra (literary)
 * Spanish:, pechera,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:
 * Volapük:

 * Finnish:

 * Azerbaijani: qucaq
 * Finnish: ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian: ,

 * Finnish:
 * Ottoman Turkish: قوین

 * Finnish: ,

 * Finnish:

Adjective

 * 1) In a very close relationship.
 * bosom buddies

Translations

 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Russian: ,

 * German: (bosom buddy)

Verb

 * 1) To enclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish.
 * 2) To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom.
 * 3)  To belly; to billow, swell or bulge.
 * 4) * 1905, Alex Macdonald, In Search of El Dorado, London: T. Fisher Unwin, Part II, “The Five-Mile Rush,” p. 92,
 * What Stewart called a “langtailie coat” spread out behind him like streamers in a breeze, a “biled” collar had, in the same gentleman’s terse language, “burst its moorings” and projected in two miniature wings at the back of his ears, and a shirt that had once been white, bosomed out expansively through an open vest.
 * 1)  To belly; to cause to billow, swell or bulge.
 * 2) * 1822,, The Three Perils of Man, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, Volume 3, Chapter 12, pp. 440-441,
 * I looked again, and though I was sensible it must be a delusion brought on by the stroke of his powerful rod, yet I did see the appearance of a glorious fleet of ships coming bounding along the surface of the firmament of air, while every mainsail was bosomed out like the side of a Highland mountain.
 * 1) * 1855, The Scald [pseudonym of George Smellie], “Sketches of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay” in The Sea: Sketches of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay, and Other Poems, London: Hope & Co., p. 45,
 * Thus one by one they mount, and spreading wide,
 * The transverse wings extend on either side,
 * And, lightly bosomed by the gentle gale,
 * She seems a moving pyramid of ail.
 * 1) * 1855, The Scald [pseudonym of George Smellie], “Sketches of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay” in The Sea: Sketches of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay, and Other Poems, London: Hope & Co., p. 45,
 * Thus one by one they mount, and spreading wide,
 * The transverse wings extend on either side,
 * And, lightly bosomed by the gentle gale,
 * She seems a moving pyramid of ail.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) The enclosure formed by the breast and arms, embrace

title: bosom


text:
Talk:focus

Definition needed
The English entry needs a definition. It is bad practice to have translations without definitions, especially, as in this case, where a word has more than one definition (here: meeting of light rays; something focused on; one of two points A and B interior to an ellipse such that the sum of the distance from any point on the ellipse to these two points is constant; etc) — Paul G 14:13, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Ergative senses?
I'm trying to figure out whether any of the transitive verb senses are ergative. "I focused the microscope, so the microscope focused"? "I focused the liquid, so the liquid focused"? "I focused the light, so the light focused"? Any one know if any of these are logical?

Definition 3 of the verb - is this really transitive? I don't think it has a direct object... 21:16, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Focused vs. focussed
The rule for focused/focussed is not a US/UK thing, the general rule is single s in both, whilst the double is (to my chagrin) acceptable, and increasingly used in the UK by people who don't KNOW the grammatical rule: "words that are not stressed on the final syllable do not double the consonant unless it is an l: (table including 'focus/focused/focusing)(Reference: Pocket Fowler's Modern English Usage by Robert Allen (OUP, second edition 2008). I had a lengthy reply from the Oxford Word and Language Service on this topic and am pleased to say they confirmed that the 'proper' form in the UK is single s. They included this entry from Oxford Dictionary of English (2005): "Focus. The noun has plural forms focuses in general use and foci (foh-siy) in technical use, and the verb has inflected forms focuses, focused, focusing, although some printing styles prefer forms with -ss-" 193.39.157.76 11:40, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yet most of the citations in the full OED have the "double s" form (only one out of sixteen uses the single "s"). Fowler's "rule" is largely ignored by most of us in the UK since doubling the "s" avoids confusion with "used" which has a different pronunciation.  Another exception to Fowler's "rule" is the verb to "rumpus" where the "s" is also doubled (on both sides of the pond?)   D b f  i  r  s   08:20, 17 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I checked Google Books Ngrams, and in British English, the -ss- spellings were commoner up until the mid-1930s, and the -s- spellings have been commoner since then. In American English, the -s- spellings have always been commoner. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 18:55, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

The rule is clear: Add -ed to to the word as in bail-ed, fail-ed, nail-ed, sail-ed, tail-ed, wail-ed. When the word ends in a vowel, add only -d. Examples: bake-d, breathe-d, cake-d, slake-d, .The rule is clear: add -ed when the word does not end in a vowel. E.g. bail-ed, fail-ed, hail-ed, jail-ed, mail-ed, nail-ed, sail-ed, tail-ed, wail-ed. When the word ends with a vowel, add -d as in breeze-d, dose-d, graze-d, seize-d. Usage confusion arises from mental images of concussed, discussed, leading to FOCUSSED when, following the rule, only -ed should be added to FOCUS. The intrusive extra S is neither warranted nor correct. Cf. CAUCUS(verb) leading to CAUCUSED.

stake-d V Ramamurthy IAS Rtd (talk) 11:14, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

 * A prescriptive rule not matching actual real-world usage is not helpful. The same thing happens with final t as well, e.g. pargeted/pargetted. Equinox ◑ 14:33, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Etymology
Doesn't the Latin word "focus" seem to reflex the Proto-Indo-European root "dhegh-", to burn? It might be an ablaut: "dhogh-">"dhóghos">"focus". Perhaps the Armenian reflex comes from a variant "dhwogh-">"bogh">"boc".
 * The problem isn't the vowels, but the second consonant: *gʰ can become a few different things in Latin, depending on the neighboring sounds, but k (spelled c) isn't one of them, as far as I know. We would have to explain it by assuming a voiceless variant, such as *dʰek, or by borrowing from some unknown language or dialect with a sound change that affected only one of the two consonants, or by some kind of random coincidence, such as borrowing of a non-Italic word that happened to resemble what the PIE root would have produced, or the independent creation of such a word after the Indo-European period. There's enough uncertainty to allow that any number of things might have happened, but nothing I've ever heard of in the evolution of Latin that would say that any one of them would be at all likely to have happened. In other words, it's unknown where this came from. Of course, there may be something I don't know about (I'm not an expert), but nobody's suggested one of them here. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:05, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

(come) into focus
Does (come) into focus deserve an entry? --Backinstadiums (talk) 00:42, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:focus