text:
number

Etymology 1
From, , , , from , , from , ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Replaced Middle English and, more at ,  and.

Noun

 * 1)  An abstract entity used to describe quantity.
 * 2)  A numeral: a symbol for a non-negative integer.
 * 3)  An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.
 * 4)  Indicating the position of something in a list or sequence. Abbreviations: No or No., no or no. (in each case, sometimes written with a superscript "o", like Nº or №). The symbol "#" is also used in this manner.
 * 5) Quantity.
 * 6) A sequence of digits and letters used to register people, automobiles, and various other items.
 * 7)   A telephone number.
 * 8) * 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
 * Marsha's work number is 555-8986.
 * 1)  Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.
 * 2)  Poetic metres; verses, rhymes.
 * 3)  A performance; especially, a single song or song and dance routine within a larger show.
 * 4)  A person.
 * 5)  An outfit, particularly a stylish one.
 * 6)  A marijuana cigarette, or joint; also, a quantity of marijuana bought from a dealer.
 * 7)  An issue of a periodical publication.
 * the latest number of a magazine
 * 1) A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
 * 2) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.
 * 1) * 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
 * Marsha's work number is 555-8986.
 * 1)  Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.
 * 2)  Poetic metres; verses, rhymes.
 * 3)  A performance; especially, a single song or song and dance routine within a larger show.
 * 4)  A person.
 * 5)  An outfit, particularly a stylish one.
 * 6)  A marijuana cigarette, or joint; also, a quantity of marijuana bought from a dealer.
 * 7)  An issue of a periodical publication.
 * the latest number of a magazine
 * 1) A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
 * 2) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.
 * 1)  A person.
 * 2)  An outfit, particularly a stylish one.
 * 3)  A marijuana cigarette, or joint; also, a quantity of marijuana bought from a dealer.
 * 4)  An issue of a periodical publication.
 * the latest number of a magazine
 * 1) A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
 * 2) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.
 * 1)  A marijuana cigarette, or joint; also, a quantity of marijuana bought from a dealer.
 * 2)  An issue of a periodical publication.
 * the latest number of a magazine
 * 1) A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
 * 2) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.
 * 1) A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
 * 2) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.
 * 1) An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.

Hyponyms

 * See also Thesaurus:number

Descendants

 * → Hindustani: /
 * → Hindustani: /
 * → Hindustani: /
 * → Hindustani: /

Verb

 * 1)  To total or count; to amount to.
 * 2)  To limit to a certain number; to reckon (as by fate) to be few in number.
 * 3)  To count; to determine the quantity of.
 * 4)  To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).
 * 5)  To call out and assign a series of numbers (usually to people), either for the sake of dividing into groups or for counting.
 * 6)  To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
 * 7)  To classify or include (in a group of things)
 * 8)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).
 * 2)  To call out and assign a series of numbers (usually to people), either for the sake of dividing into groups or for counting.
 * 3)  To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
 * 4)  To classify or include (in a group of things)
 * 5)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To call out and assign a series of numbers (usually to people), either for the sake of dividing into groups or for counting.
 * 2)  To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
 * 3)  To classify or include (in a group of things)
 * 4)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
 * 2)  To classify or include (in a group of things)
 * 3)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
 * 2)  To classify or include (in a group of things)
 * 3)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
 * 1)  To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).

Etymology 2
From +.

Etymology
From. The added -b- is analogous to and.

Noun

 * 1) number
 * 2) number plate, licence plate, license plate
 * 3) number
 * 1) number

Etymology
From.

An analogy of the Papiamentu word "name".

title: number


text:
count noun

Noun

 * 1) A noun which refers to something that can be counted. Examples: house, car, bush, point.

Synonyms

 * noun

Antonyms

 * noun
 * noun
 * noun

Translations

 * Cebuano: pangihap
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: telbaar zelfstandig naamwoord, telbaar substantief
 * Finnish: kappalesana
 * French:, nom comptable
 * German: zählbares Substantiv
 * Hungarian: megszámlálható főnév, számszerű főnév
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese: substantivo contável
 * Russian: исчисля́емое существи́тельное
 * Spanish: ,
 * Welsh: enw cyfrifadwy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: count noun


text:
mass noun

Noun

 * 1) A noun that normally cannot be counted.

Usage notes

 * In English, mass nouns, such as information and money, may have no plural form (for example, *informations is invalid in most varieties of English), and they are not used with the indefinite article or numbers in almost all of their senses.
 * Many mass nouns, such as whisky, can also be count nouns when they refer to a varietal (“Scotch and Canadian whiskies”) or to denote a serving (“please bring us two whiskies”).
 * Conversely many countable nouns can also be used as mass nouns.

Translations

 * Cebuano: paningob
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: niet-telbaar zelfstandig naamwoord, niet-telbaar substantief
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German: unzählbares Substantiv
 * Hungarian: nem megszámlálható főnév, nem számszerű főnév, megszámlálhatatlan főnév
 * Irish: ainmfhocal maise
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Romanian: substantiv nenumărabil
 * Russian: неисчисля́емое существи́тельное
 * Spanish:
 * Welsh: enw cynnull

title: mass noun


text:
Talk:mass noun

"money" example
So... my "money" example is no good? You say it cannot be counted; money CAN be counted.

 * Dollars and pounds can be counted, but money refers to an indeterminate amount. I suppose we could talk of different "monies" when referring to different monetary systems though. -- Merphant

 * I agree.You can say : "I have money", "I have no money" but you cannot say "I have 3 monies" (compare with I "I have a car, "I have 2 cars"). -- Youssefsan

 * I disagree. You can say "please bring me 3 monies", by which you are saying "please bring me three indefinite amounts of money in three currencies"

 * This definition seems rather loose to me, to be charitable, and some examples obviously incorrect:, , scented and unscented  (b.g.com).  Someone always automatically slaps “uncountable” on every mass noun, but many of them have widely attested plurals and are countable. —Michael Z. 2008-07-02 03:16 z

 * "monies" is correct usage for money in the abstract. "If we have collected sufficient monies we will be able to go ahead with our plans", for example. It does not necessarily refer to different kinds of money, such as different currencies. To have sufficient monies is simply to have enough money, with no consideration of different systems or currencies. Thus, this is a plural, but it is a synonym of the singular - "monies" = "money".

Earliest Usenet uses via Google Groups

 * mass noun (quoted): net.nlang - Feb 25 1983, 11:40 pm by floyd
 * "Money" is apparently a "mass noun", which is not quite singular or plural.
 * non-count noun (quoted): net.nlang - Feb 26 1983, 12:31 am by grkermit
 * The term you want to use instead of "mass noun" is "non-count noun."
 * non-count nouns: net.nlang - Feb 26 1983, 12:31 am by grkermit
 * Other non-count nouns are "water", "sugar", and "mail."
 * mass nouns: net.nlang - Jun 18 1985, 11:45 am by Michael Ellis
 * Note the similarity to mass nouns and even plurals:
 * mass noun: net.nlang - Aug 27 1985, 2:26 pm by Graeme Hirst
 * In the particular case at hand, the question is not whether a noun can modify another, but whether the modifying noun may be a plural (it can't) or a mass noun (it can -- e.g. "jelly sandwich" -- but it's stylistically very bad in this particular case).
 * uncountable nouns (quoted): alt.usage.english - May 20 1991, 8:14 am by carpen
 * The term "mass noun" is new to me, but Mr. DeSalvo, my high school Spanish teacher, called such things "uncountable nouns", and made no statement that I can recall on whether they could be made plural.
 * uncountable nouns: soc.culture.china - Jul 15 1991, 12:05 am by Scott Horne
 * "Mail", "junk", "news", "water", "information"--these are all uncountable nouns.
 * uncountable noun (questionable): alt.usage.english - Jun 30 1992, 2:00 pm by Zheng Zhu
 * Seems to me that when used to refer to members of royal family/rank, it can only be used as uncountable noun.
 * uncountable noun: comp.mail.misc - Aug 4 1993, 11:01 pm by La Monte Yarroll
 * Here is an uncountable noun which has a plural noun _form_:

Google Groups Hits:
 * mass noun(s): 2,610
 * uncountable noun(s): 443
 * non-count noun(s): 136

Google Web Hits: — Hippietrail 13:28, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * mass noun(s): 21,400
 * uncountable noun(s): 14,500
 * non-count noun(s): 6,970
 * Note that a noun can modify another, but whether the modifying noun may be a plural (it can't)  is not quite correct. There are a number of well known examples such as "trades union" (though more often "trades unions" or "trade unions"), "solicitors general" etc. Rich Farmbrough, 12:47, 8 October 2021 (UTC).

1933
What is the purpose of the "1933" in the definition? Eclecticology 23:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Inappropriate usage notes
They don't describe the usage of the phrase "mass noun", but the usage of mass nouns. Equinox ◑ 19:24, 9 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:mass noun


text:
oxymoron

Etymology
, noun use of 5th century, neut. nom. form of, from , compound of (English , as in ) +  (English ). Literally "sharp-dull", "keen-stupid", or "pointed-foolish" – itself an oxymoron, hence autological; compare, influenced by similar analysis. The compound form is not found in the extant Ancient Greek sources.

Noun

 * 1)  A figure of speech in which two words or phrases with opposing meanings are used together intentionally for effect.
 * 2)  A contradiction in terms.
 * 1)  A contradiction in terms.
 * 1)  A contradiction in terms.

Usage notes

 * Historically, an was "a  with a point", or "pointedly foolish: a witty saying, the more pointed from being paradoxical or seemingly absurd" at first glance. Its deliberate purpose was to underscore a point or to draw attention to a concealed point. The common  use of  as simply a contradiction in terms is considered incorrect by some speakers and writers, and is perhaps best avoided in certain contexts.

Translations

 * Albanian: oksimoron
 * Armenian: ,
 * Belarusian: аксю́маран, аксі́маран
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 矛盾修飾法, 矛盾語
 * Czech: oxymóron
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: oksüümoron
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek: οξύμωρο σχήμα
 * Ancient: ὀξύμωρον
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 撞着語法, 矛盾語法
 * Korean: 모순어법
 * Latin: oxymorum
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: оксиморон
 * Maori: kīpeha tauaro
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: оксиморон
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: oxymorón
 * Slovene:, bistroumni nesmisel
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: kulanglabis
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: окси́морон

Usage notes
In French, and  denote the same thing. However, each form has its own derived terms ( and for oxymore, and  and  for oxymoron). When using one form, be sure to not mix it with the derivatives of the other.

title: oxymoron


text:
numeral

Etymology
As an adjective, from, , from , from.

As a noun, via.

Noun

 * 1) A symbol that is not a word and represents a number, such as the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3 and the Roman numerals I, V, X, L.
 * 2) A representation of a number composed of such symbols.
 * 3)  A number word, a simple or compound word for a number often having particular grammatical attributes depending on the language.
 * 4)  A card whose rank is a number (usually including the ace as 1).
 * 1)  A card whose rank is a number (usually including the ace as 1).
 * 1)  A card whose rank is a number (usually including the ace as 1).
 * 1)  A card whose rank is a number (usually including the ace as 1).

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: лі́чба, цы́фра
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 數字
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 數字
 * Crimean Tatar: raqam
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: talstavur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ingrian: numerali, cislasana
 * Irish: figiúr
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: сан, нөмір
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Macedonian: бројка
 * Maori: tohutau, tūtau
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian: ,
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: figear
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бро̑јка
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: številka
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: pamilang, pambilang
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tibetan: ཨང་ཀི
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Urdu: عَدَد, رَقَم, نَمْبَر
 * Uyghur: سان
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: rhifolyn
 * Yiddish: ציפֿער

 * Albanian:, ,
 * Arabic: ,
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: numberal
 * Azerbaijani:, ,
 * Bashkir: һан
 * Belarusian: лічэ́бнік
 * Bengali: ,
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: числи́телно и́ме,
 * Burmese:
 * Carpathian Rusyn: чісло́вник
 * Catalan:, ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 數詞, 數字
 * Dungan: фур
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Crimean Tatar: sayı
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ,
 * Estonian: arvsõna
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:, ,
 * Interlingua:, numeral
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: сан
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ເລກ, ຕົວເລກ
 * Latvian: skaitļa vārds, numerālis
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay:
 * Maltese:, ċifra
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: тооны нэр
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, tallord, numerale
 * Nynorsk:, talord, numerale
 * Pashto: ,
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian: ,
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: licbnik
 * Upper Sorbian: numeral, ličbnik
 * Southern Altai: тооломо
 * Spanish: letra numeral
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tatar:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: གྲངས་ཚིག
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen:
 * Udmurt: лыдним
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: عَدَد, رَقَم
 * Uyghur: رەقەم, سان
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: rhifolyn

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to numbers; numerical.

Synonyms

 * ; see also Thesaurus:numerical

Adjective

 * 1) numeral

Noun

 * 1) numeral

Adjective

 * 1) ; numerical

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * , numeric

Etymology
, from. .

title: numeral


text:
ASCII

Translations

 * Esperanto: Askio
 * French:
 * Japanese: ASCII, アスキー
 * Marathi: आस्की, अ‍ॅस्की
 * Portuguese:

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  ASCII

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)   a 7-bit character encoding

title: ASCII


text:
LDP

Proper noun

 * 1)  a constructed international auxiliary language.
 * 1)  a constructed international auxiliary language.
 * 1)  a constructed international auxiliary language.
 * 1)  a constructed international auxiliary language.
 * 1)  a constructed international auxiliary language.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French:
 * Japanese: 自民党
 * Korean: 자민당(自民黨)

Proper noun

 * 1)   Liberal Democratic Party.

title: LDP


text:
bureaucrat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) An official who is part of a bureaucracy.
 * 2)  A wiki user with the right to change user access levels.

Usage notes
The term, while often used in a professional and respectful manner, is oftentimes disdained by those who work in organizations, especially governmental organizations. This is due to connotations of rigidity, indifference, and especially laziness that the term can sometimes connote (the latter especially reflected in the oft-repeated derisive term lazy bureaucrat). As a result, many workers in organizations, especially governmental ones, prefer terms such as, , , , , etc.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:bureaucrat

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: بِيرُوقْرَاطِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: burócrata
 * Azerbaijani: bürokrat
 * Belarusian: бюракра́т, бюракра́тка
 * Bulgarian: бюрокра́т
 * Catalan: buròcrata
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 官僚
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, byrokratka
 * Danish: bureaukrat
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: burokrato
 * Estonian: bürokraat
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ბიუროკრატი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: नौकरशाह, अफ़सर,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: kerfiskarl
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: maorlathaí
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: шенеуніксымақ, бюрократ
 * Korean: 관료(官僚)
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latvian: birokrāts
 * Lithuanian: biurokratas
 * Macedonian: бирокра́т, чиновник
 * Malay: birokrat
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: byråkrat
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: биро̀крат
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: byrokrat, byrokratka
 * Slovene: birokrat
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Urdu: ضابِطَہ پَرَسْت
 * Uyghur: بيۇروكرات
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: kẻ quan liêu
 * Yiddish: ביוראָקראַט

title: bureaucrat


text:
alphabet

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from and , the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet,  and , lowercase forms  and. The Greek names derived from, the name of the letter  and , the name of the letter , so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs    and. .

Noun

 * 1) The set of letters used when writing in a language.
 * 2) A writing system in which letters represent phonemes.
 * 3) A writing system in which there are letters for the consonant and vowel phonemes.
 * 4)  A typically finite set of distinguishable symbols.
 * 5)  An individual letter of an alphabet; an alphabetic character.
 * 6) The simplest rudiments; elements.
 * 7)  An agent of the FBI, the CIA, or another such government agency.
 * 1)  An individual letter of an alphabet; an alphabetic character.
 * 2) The simplest rudiments; elements.
 * 3)  An agent of the FBI, the CIA, or another such government agency.
 * 1) The simplest rudiments; elements.
 * 2)  An agent of the FBI, the CIA, or another such government agency.
 * 1)  An agent of the FBI, the CIA, or another such government agency.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: алфавит
 * Adyghe: тхыпкъылъэ
 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Alemannic German: Alphabet
 * Amharic: ፊደል
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: biabcʼhíí, abcʼhí
 * Arabic: حُرُوف الْهِجَاء,, أَلِفْبَاء, أَلِفْبَائِيَّة, أَبْجَدِيَّة
 * Aramaic: ܐܠܦܒܝܬ
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: বৰ্ণমালা
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: әлифба
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: алфаві́т, а́збука, альфабэ́т, абяца́дла, абэцэ́да
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central: alpabeto
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:, алфави́та
 * Burmese:
 * Buryat: үзэг бэшэг, сагаан толгой
 * Carpathian Rusyn: алфаві́т, а́збука
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chechen: абат
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 字母, 字母表
 * Dungan: зыму, элифбе
 * Mandarin:, , 字母系統
 * Chuvash: алфавит
 * Cornish: lytherennek, abecedari
 * Corsican:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: އަލިފުބާ
 * Dinka: kïndegɔ̈t
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: ,
 * Farefare: alfabetum
 * Faroese: bókstavarað, stavrað, stavarað
 * Finnish:, , aakkosisto
 * French:
 * Gagauz: alfavit
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: ἀλφάβητος
 * Greenlandic: alfabet, oqaasiliuutissat, qanermissarissat
 * Guaraní: achegety
 * Gujarati: મૂળાક્ષર
 * Haitian Creole: abese
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, मूलाक्षर,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:, ,
 * Ingrian: alfavitta
 * Interlingua: alphabeto
 * Irish:, aibidil
 * Old Irish: apgitir
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Javanese:, alfabèt
 * Kannada:
 * Kashubian:
 * Kazakh: әліпби, әліппе, алфавит
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kumyk: алифба
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Ladino: alef bet, alfabé, alfabeta, alibé
 * Lakota: oówaptaya
 * Lao: ໂຕຫນັງສື, ແມ່ກໍກາ, ອັກສອນ
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian: alfabēts
 * Lithuanian:, , alfabetas
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: азбука
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay:, ,
 * Jawi: ابجد, حروف, اکسارا
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: alfabet
 * Manx: abbyrlhit
 * Maori: tātai reta, arapū
 * Marathi: मुळाक्षरे, वर्णमाला
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Middle English: abece
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: цагаан толгой
 * Mongolian: ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ
 * Navajo: saad bee álʼíní, áábée
 * Nepali: वर्णमाला
 * Northern Sami: alfabēhta
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: alfabet
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: аꙁъбоукꙑ, азъбоукꙑ
 * Old East Slavic: азбукꙑ
 * Old English: stæfrof
 * Old Norse: stafróf
 * Oromo: qubee
 * Ossetian: абетӕ, алфавит
 * Pashto:
 * Pennsylvania German: Aa-Be-Ze
 * Persian:
 * Dari:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: abc,, , ,
 * Punjabi:
 * Gurmukhi: ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ
 * Romani: alfabéto
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: aibidil
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: а̀збука, абеце́да , алфа̀бе̄т
 * Roman:,  ,
 * Skolt Sami: alfabeʹtt
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Southern Sami: alfabeete
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog:, ,
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: அகரவரிசை,
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ཀ་ཁ
 * Tigrinya: ፊደል
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: elipbiý
 * Udi: тӏетӏир
 * Ukrainian:, , , альфабе́т,
 * Urdu: حَرُوفِ تَہَجی, اَلِف با,
 * Uyghur: ئالفابىت, ئېلىپبە
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Vilamovian: alfabet
 * Volapük:
 * Võro: tähistü
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian:
 * Winnebago: woowagax
 * Yakut: алпабыыт, алфавит
 * Yiddish:, אַלפֿאַבעט , גלחות , אַזבוקע
 * Yup'ik: igat

 * Esperanto:

Verb

 * 1)  To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.

Etymology
, from, from (Α,α) and  (Β,β) (the first two letters of the Greek alphabet), from   and  , so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs    and.

Noun

 * 1)  set of letters considered as a group

Etymology
From, from , from (Α,α) and  (Β,β) (the first two letters of the Greek alphabet), from   and  , so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs    and.

Noun

 * 1) alphabet set of letters considered as a group

title: alphabet


text:
achievement

Etymology
From (compare Modern 🇨🇬), from, from the verb , ; equivalent to. The heraldic sense may be influenced by.

Noun

 * 1) The act of achieving or performing; a successful performance; accomplishment.
 * 2) A great or heroic deed or feat; something accomplished by valor or boldness.
 * 3)  An escutcheon or ensign armorial; a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled;  a funeral shield: the hatchment.
 * 4)  An award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective in a video game.
 * 5)  The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in an instant.
 * 6)  The successful completion of a socially defined goal or task, highlighting individual or group accomplishment.
 * 1)  An escutcheon or ensign armorial; a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled;  a funeral shield: the hatchment.
 * 2)  An award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective in a video game.
 * 3)  The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in an instant.
 * 4)  The successful completion of a socially defined goal or task, highlighting individual or group accomplishment.
 * 1)  An award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective in a video game.
 * 2)  The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in an instant.
 * 3)  The successful completion of a socially defined goal or task, highlighting individual or group accomplishment.
 * 1)  The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in an instant.
 * 2)  The successful completion of a socially defined goal or task, highlighting individual or group accomplishment.
 * 1)  The successful completion of a socially defined goal or task, highlighting individual or group accomplishment.

Translations

 * Arabic: إِنْجَاز
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bashkir: ҡаҙаныш
 * Belarusian: дасягне́нне
 * Bikol Central:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: assoliment, consecució
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Danish: udførelse, præstation,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მიღწევა
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, , , , ,
 * Japanese:, , , ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Macedonian: достигнување, постигнување, успех
 * Manx: ard-nhee, ard-obbyr, cooilleeney
 * Maori: tutukitanga, haumāuiui
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: måloppnåelse
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: достигнуће, остварење
 * Roman: dostignuće,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: дося́гнення

 * Arabic: إِنْجَاز
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: по́дзвіг, вы́чын
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: bedrift, præstation,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: მიღწევა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κατόρθωμα
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Macedonian: подвиг, дело
 * Manx: ard-nhee, ard-obbyr
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, , , hombrada
 * Ukrainian: по́двиг

 * Danish: våbenskjold
 * Finnish: vaakunakilpi
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: достигнување

 * Arabic: إِنْجَاز
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: elfaro
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Albanian:
 * Interlingua:, , ,
 * Italian:

title: achievement


text:
Achilles tendon

Etymology
, a term devised by the Dutch anatomist in 1693 in reference to the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the.

Noun

 * 1)  The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: وَتَر أَخِيل, عُرْقُوب
 * Armenian: աքիլեսյան ջիլ
 * Azerbaijani: Axilles vətəri
 * Bulgarian: ахилесово сухожилие
 * Burmese: ဖနောင့်ကြော
 * Catalan: tendó d'Aquil·les
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: akillessene
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: aĥila tendeno
 * Faroese: hælsina, hælspong
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: აქილევსის მყესი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Guaraní: pytasã
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian: tendon achilles
 * Interlingua: tendon de Achilles
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer: សរសៃពួរកែង
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: tendo calcaneus, tendo Achillis
 * Latvian: Ahileja cīpsla
 * Lithuanian: kulninė sausgyslė
 * Macedonian: Ахилова тетива
 * Malay: keting, urat tumit
 * Maori: iohere punga
 * Northern Sami: šušmesuotna
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: akillessene
 * Nynorsk: akillessen, akillessene
 * Ottoman Turkish: اگریجه, عرقوب, اوكچه سڭیری, صاچ اوزادان
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: tendão de Aquiles
 * Romanian: tendonul lui Ahile
 * Russian:, пя́точное сухожи́лие
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ахилова тетива
 * Roman: Ahilova tetiva
 * Slovak: Achillova šľacha
 * Spanish: tendón aquíleo, tendón de Aquiles, tendón calcáneo
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: litid ni Akiles, litid ni Aquiles
 * Thai:
 * Tupinambá: pytasama
 * Turkish: Aşil tendonu
 * Ukrainian: ахіллове сухожилля, п'яткове сухожилля
 * Vietnamese: gân gót chân, gân Achilles, gân A-sin
 * Welsh: gweyllen y ffêr
 * West Frisian: achillessine

title: Achilles tendon


text:
achronic

Adjective

 * 1) Timeless.
 * 2)   Happening at sunset (of the rise or fall of a star; opposed to ).
 * 1)   Happening at sunset (of the rise or fall of a star; opposed to ).

Synonyms

 * ; see also Thesaurus:timeless

Translations

 * Polish: achroniczny

 * Italian:

title: achronic


text:
achroous

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Colorless; achromatic.

title: achroous


text:
achylous

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1)  Without chyle

title: achylous


text:
achymous

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1)  Without chyme.

title: achymous


text:
acicula

Noun

 * 1) One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.

Synonyms

 * acicle

Translations

 * Portuguese: acícula

Etymology
, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) shepherd's needle

Etymology
Diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) a hairpin or hatpin

title: acicula


text:
acid

Etymology
From, from , from. .

Adjective

 * 1) Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar.
 * 2)  Sour-tempered.
 * 3) Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.
 * 4)  Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.
 * 2)  Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.
 * 2)  Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.
 * 1)  Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: حَامِض
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian: кі́слы
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: hapu,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მჟავე
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Gullah: aacit
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, तेज़ाब
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Icelandic:, beiskur
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:, , , , , ачыштыргыч, , , , , кекээр, , сайгылаган, , ,
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:, skāba
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish: sauer
 * Macedonian: кисел
 * Malay:, berasid
 * Malayalam:, ആസിഡ്
 * Maori:, hīmoemoe
 * Marathi: आम्ल
 * Norwegian:
 * Old Church Slavonic: кꙑсѣлъ
 * Ottoman Turkish: حامض
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кисео
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Southern Altai: кычкыл
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Welsh: ,
 * Yiddish: זויער

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: لَاذِع
 * Armenian: խայթող
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: hapendatud
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:, , ,
 * Icelandic: meinhæðinn, meinhæðin, meinhæðið
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Latvian:, skāba
 * Macedonian: кисел
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: кисели́нен
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: happeline
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 산성(酸性)-의
 * Luxembourgish: sauer
 * Macedonian: кисели́нски
 * Malay: berasid, ,
 * Maori:
 * Norwegian: syre-
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: syra-
 * Telugu:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: asidig

 * Breton: ,
 * Interlingua:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay:
 * Rohingya:

Noun

 * 1) A sour substance.
 * 2) (chemistry)
 * 3) Any compound which yields H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water; an Arrhenius acid.
 * 4) Any compound that easily donates protons to a base; a Brønsted acid.
 * 5) Any compound that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond; a Lewis acid.
 * 6) Any corrosive substance.
 * 7)  LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.
 * 1)  LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.

Hyponyms

 * See also Thesaurus:acid

Derived terms

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: حَامِض, حَمْض
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: кіслата́
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian: киселина́
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: hape
 * Farefare: mi'isgo
 * Faroese: sýra
 * Finnish: hapan aine
 * French:
 * Georgian: მჟავა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , तेज़ाब,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ingrian: kislotta, happo
 * Irish: aigéad
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: ,
 * Khmer: អាស៊ីត, ក្រុត
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: киселина
 * Malay: ,
 * Maori: atiti
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: syre
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: киселина
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Southern Altai: кычкыл
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: кислота, ҳомуз
 * Thai:
 * Tocharian B: āmpäl
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: kislota
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: ایسڈ, تیزاب
 * Uyghur: كىسلاتا
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: suryn
 * Yoruba: ásíìdì, omiró

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: حَامِض
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Basque: azido
 * Belarusian: кіслата
 * Bulgarian: киселина
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Erzya: чапо
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: hape
 * Faroese: sýra
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: acit
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მჟავა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hawaiian: waiʻawa
 * Hindi: तेज़ाब, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: acido
 * Irish: aigéad
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer: អាស៊ីត, គីមីអាស៊ីដ, ទឹកអាស៊ីដ
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: киселина
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: waikawa,, atiti
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: syre
 * Odia: ଅମ୍ଳ
 * Ottoman Turkish: حامض
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: searbhag
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: киселина
 * Roman:
 * Slovene:
 * Southern Altai: кычкыл
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: تیزاب
 * Uyghur: كىسلاتا
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:
 * Yoruba: ásíìdì

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: hape
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:, acido lisergico
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: syre
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: есид, esid
 * Swedish: ,

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua:
 * Lithuanian:

Etymology
.

Attested since at least 1970.

Noun

 * 1)   LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.
 * 2)  acid.
 * 1)  acid.

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * , acidic

title: acid


text:
Appendix:Swadesh lists

Swadesh lists were originally devised by the linguist Morris Swadesh. In the 1940s to 1950s, Swadesh developed word lists of body parts, verbs, natural phenomena, in order to compute the relationships of languages, and in particular their age, by a method called glottochronology. Swadesh's version of glottochronology is outdated because it used constant replacement rates. There are, of course, many attempts to achieve more realistic rates and thus more realistic results.

A Swadesh list may also be useful to achieve knowledge of some universal terms in other languages. This is because, for basic communication, knowledge of vocabulary is more important than knowledge of grammar and syntax. Sometimes it is even possible to achieve (very) basic communication skills with no knowledge of the target language syntax whatsoever.

To sort the table columns here (or for any other table in any HTML page), copy the javascript link from here (control-click the "sort table" link to copy the link) and once you have come back to this page, paste the javascript code you have copied into your URL window and run it. (The other table scripts there can also be used here.) Alternatively, instead of copying the link, you could drag it into your bookmarks toolbar, allowing the link to be accessible in the future from the toolbar. This sorting feature could be particularly useful if and when the categories of the Swadesh template and/or Basic English template are fleshed out.

Assorted Swadesh lists
See more at

or

Indo-European languages (Proto-Indo-European)

 * Albanian
 * Armenian
 * Balto-Slavic (Proto-Balto-Slavic)
 * Baltic languages
 * Lithuanian
 * Latvian
 * Latgalian
 * Samogitian
 * Old Prussian
 * Slavic languages (Proto-Slavic)
 * East Slavic (Old East Slavic)
 * Russian
 * Ukrainian
 * Belarusian
 * Carpathian Rusyn
 * West Slavic
 * Lechitic languages
 * Polish (Old Polish)
 * Kashubian
 * Masurian
 * Silesian
 * Polabian
 * Slovincian
 * Czechoslovak languages
 * Czech (Old Czech)
 * Slovak
 * Sorbian languages
 * Lower Sorbian
 * Upper Sorbian
 * South Slavic
 * Eastern South Slavic languages
 * Bulgarian
 * Macedonian
 * Old Church Slavonic
 * Western South Slavic languages
 * Serbo-Croatian
 * Slovene
 * Celtic languages (Proto-Celtic)
 * Brythonic languages (Proto-Brythonic)
 * Breton
 * Cornish
 * Welsh
 * Goidelic languages (Old Irish)
 * Irish
 * Scottish Gaelic
 * Manx
 * Continental Celtic
 * Gaulish
 * Germanic languages (Proto-Germanic)
 * West Germanic
 * Anglo-Frisian languages
 * Anglic languages
 * Old English
 * Middle English
 * English
 * Scots
 * Frisian languages
 * Frisian
 * West Frisian
 * Istvaeonic languages
 * Dutch
 * Afrikaans
 * Limburgish
 * Zealandic
 * High German (Old High German)
 * German
 * Central German
 * Luxembourgish
 * Hunsrik
 * Palatinate German
 * Pennsylvania German
 * Upper German
 * Bavarian
 * Swabian
 * Yiddish
 * Low German
 * Low Saxon
 * Sallaands
 * Plautdietsch
 * Nordic languages (Old Norse)
 * Danish
 * Swedish
 * Faroese
 * Icelandic
 * Norwegian
 * Bokmål
 * Nynorsk
 * East Germanic languages
 * Gothic
 * Anatolian languages
 * Hittite
 * Luwian
 * Hellenic
 * Ancient Greek
 * Modern Greek
 * Mariupol Greek
 * Indo-Iranian languages (Proto-Indo-Iranian)
 * Indo-Aryan languages
 * Sanskrit
 * Northern Zone
 * Jaunsari
 * Chambeali
 * Nepali
 * Central Zone
 * Hindustani
 * Hindi
 * Fiji Hindi
 * Urdu
 * Western Zone
 * Gujarati
 * Rajasthani
 * Romani
 * Caló
 * Northwestern Zone
 * Punjabi
 * Saraiki
 * Sindhi
 * Eastern Zone
 * Assamese
 * Awadhi
 * Bengali
 * Bhojpuri
 * Maithili
 * Odia
 * Southern Zone
 * Konkani
 * Marathi (Old Marathi)
 * Insular Indic
 * Dhivehi
 * Sinhala
 * Dardic
 * Kashmiri
 * Khowar
 * Shina
 * Torwali
 * Iranian languages
 * Avestan
 * Western Iranian
 * Balochi
 * Kurdish
 * Kurmanji
 * Sorani
 * Sangisari
 * Zazaki
 * Persian (Old Persian, Middle Persian)
 * Tajik
 * Eastern Iranian
 * Ossetian
 * Pashto
 * Italic languages (Proto-Italic)
 * Latin
 * Italo-Western languages
 * Western Romance languages
 * Gallo-Romance languages
 * Gallo
 * French (Old French)
 * Walloon
 * Occitano-Romance languages
 * Occitan
 * Catalan
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * Friulian
 * Ladin
 * Romansh
 * Gallo-Italic languages
 * Emilian
 * Ligurian
 * Lombard
 * Piedmontese
 * Romagnol
 * Venetian
 * Italo-Dalmatian languages
 * Italian languages
 * Corsican
 * Italian
 * Neapolitan
 * Sicilian
 * Barese
 * Dalmatian
 * Iberian languages
 * Asturian
 * Aragonese
 * Portuguese
 * Galician
 * Old Spanish
 * Spanish
 * Ladino
 * Sardinian
 * Eastern Romance languages
 * Romanian
 * Aromanian
 * Istro-Romanian
 * Megleno-Romanian
 * Tocharian languages
 * Tocharian B

Other Eurasian languages

 * Burushaski
 * Elamite
 * Etruscan
 * Sumerian

Vasconic

 * Proto-Basque
 * Basque
 * Iberian

Caucasian languages

 * Northwest Caucasian
 * Abazgi
 * Abaza
 * Abkhaz
 * Circassian languages
 * Adyghe
 * Kabardian
 * Northeast Caucasian
 * Nakh
 * Bats
 * Chechen
 * Ingush
 * Dagestanian languages
 * Avar
 * Dargwa
 * Lezgi
 * Caucasian Albanian
 * Udi
 * Tsez
 * Kartvelian
 * Georgian
 * Laz
 * Mingrelian
 * Svan
 * See the Intercontinental Dictionary Series and NorthEuraLex (2019) for a large selection of topical vocabulary lists of Northeast Caucasian languages.

Dravidian

 * Dravidian languages (see also Appendix:Cognate sets for Dravidian languages and Appendix:Dravidian word lists)
 * North Dravidian
 * Brahui
 * Kurukh
 * South Dravidian
 * Kannada
 * Malayalam
 * Tamil
 * Tulu
 * South Central Dravidian
 * Gondi
 * Konda
 * Telugu

Uralic languages

 * Uralic languages (see also Appendix:Proto-Uralic reconstructions and Appendix:Stable lexical roots in Proto-Uralic)
 * Ugric languages
 * Hungarian

 * Mansi languages

 * Northern Mansi

 * Mordvinic
 * Erzya
 * Moksha
 * Mari
 * Hill Mari
 * Meadow Mari
 * Permic
 * Komi-Zyrian
 * Udmurt
 * Sami languages
 * Finnic languages
 * Finnish
 * Estonian
 * Võro
 * Livonian
 * Karelian
 * Veps
 * Votic
 * Samoyedic languages

Turkic languages

 * Turkic languages (see also Appendix:Turkic basic vocabulary Appendix:Turkic word lists), (Proto-Turkic)
 * Oghuz Turkic languages
 * Azerbaijani Turkish
 * Gagauz
 * Ottoman Turkish
 * Anatolian Turkish
 * Turkmen
 * Salar
 * Kipchak languages
 * Bashkir
 * Crimean Tatar
 * Karachay-Balkar
 * Karakalpak
 * Kazakh
 * Kumyk
 * Kyrgyz
 * Nogai
 * Siberian Tatar
 * Volga Tatar
 * Urum
 * Karluk languages
 * Chagatai
 * Uzbek
 * Uyghur
 * Siberian Turkic languages
 * Northern Altai
 * Dolgan
 * Khakas
 * Tuvan
 * Sakha
 * Shor
 * Oghur Turkic languages
 * Chuvash

Northeast Asian
See also: Appendix:Vocabulary lists of North Eurasian languages

Japonic-Ryukyuan languages

 * Japonic languages — Japanese, and Okinawan
 * Old Japanese
 * Classical Japanese
 * Hachijō
 * Japanese
 * Ryukyuan languages
 * Amami
 * Miyakoan
 * Okinawan
 * Yaeyama

Koreanic languages

 * Koreanic languages
 * Old Korean
 * Middle Korean
 * Korean
 * Jeju

Paleosiberian languages

 * Paleosiberian languages (areal grouping) — Ainu, Nivkh, Chukchi, Yukaghir; see also Appendix:Paleosiberian word lists.

Mongolic languages

 * Mongolic languages
 * Buryat
 * Daur
 * Eastern Yugur
 * Khitan
 * Moghol
 * Mongolian
 * Oirat
 * Santa

Tungusic languages

 * Tungusic languages
 * Even
 * Evenki
 * Oroqen
 * Jurchen
 * Manchu
 * Xibe
 * Nanai
 * Udege
 * Ulch

Southeast Asian and Oceanic
See also: Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages and Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages

Austroasiatic languages

 * Austroasiatic languages — Khmer (+ romanized), Mon (+ romanized), Vietnamese, Chewong
 * Proto-Austroasiatic
 * Aslian
 * Temiar
 * Khasi-Palaungic
 * Khasi
 * Palaung
 * Khmeric
 * Khmer
 * Monic
 * Mon
 * Munda
 * Santali
 * Vietic
 * Vietnamese
 * See also the SEAlang Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.

Austronesian languages

 * Austronesian languages — Ilocano, Malay, Tagalog, Cebuano, Pampangan, Pangasinan, Sasak, Chamorro, Tahitian, Tuvaluan, Maori, and Sundanese
 * See also the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database.
 * Proto-Austronesian
 * Formosan languages
 * Malayo-Polynesian languages
 * Philippine languages
 * Bikol Central
 * Cebuano
 * Hiligaynon
 * Ilocano
 * Kinaray-a
 * Maguindanao
 * Pampangan
 * Panganisan
 * Tagalog
 * Chamic languages
 * Acehnese
 * Cham
 * Malayic
 * Malay
 * Indonesian
 * Musi
 * Javanese
 * Osing
 * Buginese
 * Madurese
 * Kangean
 * Makasar
 * Sundanese
 * Balinese
 * Sasak
 * Barito
 * Malagasy
 * West Coast Bajau
 * Chamorro
 * Palauan
 * Oceanic languages
 * Micronesian languages
 * Gilbertese
 * Marshallese
 * Big Nambas
 * Fijian
 * Polynesian languages
 * Hawaiian
 * Maori
 * Tahitian
 * Samoan
 * Tongan
 * Tuvaluan
 * Rapa Nui
 * See also Appendix:Proto-Oceanic animal names.

Pama-Nyungan languages

 * Pama-Nyungan languages

Kra-Dai languages

 * Kra–Dai languages — Thai (+ romanized), Lao (+ romanized), Shan (+ romanized), Southern Dong, Gelao, Buyang, Zhuang, Ong Be (Lingao), Hlai (Li), White Hmong
 * Gelao
 * Hlai
 * Jizhao
 * Ong Be
 * Tai languages
 * Lao
 * Lanna
 * Shan
 * Tai lue
 * Tai tham
 * Thai
 * Zhuang languages
 * Standard Zhuang

Hmong-Mien languages

 * Hmong–Mien
 * Hmongic languages
 * White Hmong
 * Pa-Hng
 * She
 * Xong
 * Mienic languages
 * Iu Mien

Sino-Tibetan languages

 * Sino-Tibetan languages — Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, Hokkien and Burmese, all with romanizations
 * Chinese
 * Old Chinese
 * Middle Chinese
 * Mandarin
 * Standard Mandarin
 * Sichuanese
 * Nanjingnese
 * Yue
 * Cantonese
 * Toisanese
 * Gan
 * Hakka
 * Wu
 * Shanghainese
 * Suzhounese
 * Xiang
 * Min
 * Eastern Min
 * Hainanese
 * Hokkien (Xiamen)
 * Hinghua
 * Leizhou Min
 * Teochew
 * Tibeto-Burman languages — Burmese, Tibetan, Karen, Jingpho, Manange
 * Tibetic
 * Old Tibetan
 * Classical Tibetan
 * Central Tibetan
 * Amdo Tibetan
 * Kham Tibetan
 * Dzongkha
 * Sherpa
 * Balti
 * Burmese
 * Kuki-Chin
 * Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal
 * Raji-Raute
 * Sal languages
 * Garo
 * Qiangic languages
 * Gyalrong
 * Qiang
 * Tangut
 * Yi languages
 * Lalo
 * Lolopo
 * Nasu
 * Nisu
 * Nuosu
 * Sanu

Language isolates

 * Abinomn

Amerindian languages

 * See also: Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages
 * See also: Appendix:Eskimo–Aleut basic vocabulary and Indigenous languages of the Americas

North American

 * Dené–Yeniseian languages — Ket, Tlingit, Navajo, Dena'ina, Hupa
 * Na-Dené
 * Athabaskan
 * Apache
 * Navajo
 * Tlingit
 * Yeniseian
 * Ket
 * Algonquian and Iroquoian languages — Ojibwe, Lenape, Mohawk, Cherokee, Nottoway, Erie (Language), Huron-wendat
 * Cherokee
 * Ojibwe
 * Huron-Wendat
 * Wyandot
 * Siouan and Pawnee languages — Lakota, Dakota dialects, Osage, Crow, Tutelo, Pawnee
 * Lakota
 * Penutian languages
 * Chumashan and Hokan languages — includes Yuman languages of Ipai, Kiliwa, Cocopa
 * Kiowa-Tanoan, Keresan and Zuni languages
 * Muskogean languages
 * Choctaw
 * Chickasaw
 * Creek
 * Uto-Aztecan languages — Nahuatl, Yaqui, Hopi, Shoshone, O'odham, Cahuilla, Tongva
 * Hopi
 * Nahuatl
 * Zuni

Central American

 * Oto-Manguean and other Mesoamerican languages — Otomi, Mixtec, Zapotec, Mazahua, Totonac, Popoluca, Huave, Chontal
 * Purepecha
 * Mayan languages — K'iche', Q'eqchi', Tzotzil, Mam, Yucatec Maya (Proto-Mayan)
 * K'iche
 * Yucatec Mayan

South American

 * South Andean region languages — Aymara, Kunza, Wichi, Mapudungun, Rapa Nui, with Spanish
 * Aymara
 * Quechua
 * Tupian languages
 * Guaraní
 * Pirahã
 * See the Intercontinental Dictionary Series for a huge selection of topical vocabulary lists of indigenous South American languages.

African languages
See also: Appendix:Vocabulary lists of African languages

Afroasiatic languages (Proto-Afroasiatic)

 * Afroasiatic languages Syriac (+ romanized), Akkadian (romanized only), and Ge'ez (+ romanized)
 * Berber
 * Kabyle
 * Moroccan Amazigh
 * Tashelhit
 * Central Atlas Tamazight
 * Cushitic languages
 * Afar
 * Oromo
 * Somali
 * Chadic languages
 * Hausa
 * Egyptian
 * Coptic
 * Semitic languages
 * West Semitic
 * Central Semitic
 * Arabic
 * Cypriot Maronite Arabic
 * Egyptian Arabic
 * Juba Arabic
 * Tunisian Arabic
 * Algerian Arabic
 * Moroccan Arabic
 * South Levantine Arabic
 * Maltese
 * Hebrew
 * Phoenician
 * Aramaic
 * Mandaic
 * Syriac
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
 * South Semitic
 * Ge'ez
 * Amharic
 * Tigrinya
 * East Semitic
 * Akkadian

Khoisan languages

 * Khoisan languages
 * Khoekhoe
 * Naro
 * !Xóõ

Niger-Congo languages

 * Niger–Congo languages — Yoruba, Igbo, Mandinka, Wolof
 * Fongbe (Fon)
 * Igbo
 * Wolof
 * Mandinka
 * Yoruba
 * Bantu languages — 36 Bantu languages (Proto-Bantu)
 * Bangala
 * Chewa
 * Lingala
 * Luganda
 * Kirundi
 * Kinyarwanda
 * Kongo
 * Shona
 * Northern Sotho
 * Southern Sotho
 * Swahili
 * Swazi
 * Tsonga
 * Tswana
 * Umbundu
 * Xhosa
 * Zulu
 * Fanagalo

Creoles, pidgins

 * Chinese-based
 * Wutunhua
 * English-based
 * Jamaican Creole
 * Sranan
 * Tok Pisin
 * French-based
 * Antillean Creole
 * Haitian Creole
 * Mauritian Creole
 * Malay-based
 * Betawi
 * Portuguese-based
 * Cape Verdean Creole
 * Guinea-Bissau Creole
 * Papiamento
 * Spanish-based
 * Chavacano

Constructed languages

 * Esperanto
 * Ido
 * Interlingua
 * Láadan
 * Interlingue (Occidental)
 * Lingua Franca Nova
 * Lingwa de Planeta
 * Lojban
 * Neo
 * Toki Pona
 * Volapük
 * Novial

Lists in need of expansion

 * Swadesh list for Abinomn
 * Swadesh list for Classical Japanese
 * Swadesh lists for Dené-Yeniseian languages
 * Swadesh lists for the Dravidian languages of Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, Gondi, Konda, and Brahui
 * Swadesh lists for Italian languages
 * Swadesh lists for Mayan languages
 * Swadesh lists for Niger-Congo languages
 * Swadesh lists for Pama-Nyungan languages
 * Swadesh list for Proto-Afroasiatic

Templates
For a basis to expand this list into other languages see the basic 207-word Swadesh template. See also this Swadesh template containing a comparative table for 8 different languages, and this Swadesh template with categories and parts-of-speech added. To visit a more extensive list of basic words in various languages (not a Swadesh list, though it includes and is cross-referenced to Swadesh words), see the Basic English word list.

 * Templates for Swadesh lists
 * Template:Swadesh list 207 plain: plain list (English and selected language)
 * Template:Swadesh list 207 pronunciation: list with IPA pronunciation
 * Template:Swadesh list 207 trans pronunciation: list with transcription and pronunciation
 * Template:Swadesh list 207 trans: list with transcription in Latin characters
 * Template:Swadesh list 207 trans2: list with two transcriptions
 * Swadesh template categorized

 * Templates for boxes
 * Template:Swadesh lists: box with all Swadesh lists of individual languages, language families and branches

 * Other templates
 * Template:Swadesh list presentation: Swadesh list presentation template
 * Template:Swadesh list templates: displays all templates
 * Template:langlist: used in ordinary dictionary entries of languages

Swadesh list table of Germanic and Romance languages
The words from Swadesh's original 100-word list are designated by an asterisk (*). In the composite list on this page, there are actually 207 words, since seven of the words in the 100-word list (breast, fingernail, full, horn, knee, moon, round) were not in the original 200-word list.

title: Appendix:Swadesh lists


text:
tachygraphy

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) The art and practice of rapid writing.
 * 2)  Stenography or shorthand as done in ancient and medieval times.

Translations

 * Catalan: taquigrafia
 * French:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * French:
 * Portuguese:

title: tachygraphy


text:
polytheistic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to polytheism.

Translations

 * Arabic: متعدد الآلهة, مشرك
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: політэісты́чны
 * Breton: liesdoueek
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: polyteistický
 * Danish: polyteistisk
 * Dutch: polytheïstisch
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: többistenhitű
 * Irish: ildiach, ildiachúil
 * Khmer: ពហុនិយម
 * Latvian: politeistisks
 * Manx: yl-jeeagh
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: політеїсти́чний, багатобо́жний
 * Welsh: amldduwiol, amldduwaidd

title: polytheistic


text:
lightspeed

Noun

 * 1) The speed of light (in vacuum unless another medium is specified).
 * 2)  An extremely fast speed.
 * 1)  An extremely fast speed.
 * 1)  An extremely fast speed.

Derived terms

 * lightspeed lag

Translations

 * Albanian: shpejtësia e dritës
 * Arabic: سُرْعَةْ اَلضَّوْء
 * Breton: tizh al luc'h
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: snelheid van het licht
 * Esperanto: lumrapido
 * Estonian: valguse kiirus
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ταχύτητα του φωτός
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian: velocità della luce
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: velocitas luminis
 * Latvian: gaismas ātrums
 * Lithuanian: šviesos greitis
 * Macedonian: брзина на светлината
 * Persian: سرعت نور
 * Portuguese: velocidade da luz
 * Romanian: viteza luminii
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ความเร็วแสง
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: tốc độ ánh sáng

title: lightspeed


text:
Trekkie

Etymology
. From , as in groupie. (1970).

Noun

 * 1)  A (usually major) fan of the TV science fiction series Star Trek.
 * 2) * 1992 StarTrek VI is a fast-moving, vigorous book that will not disappoint the legions of Trekkies who avidly follow the adventure of their heroes. — Review of Star Trek - The Undiscovered Country in Amiga User International, author unknown, December 1992, HHL Publishing (UK), page 90.
 * 3) * 2002 I have a major confession to make which will probably incur the wrath of all Trekkies out there. — Trek & Treat, article in The Daily Mirror (UK), Jessica Mellor, Saturday, August 10, 2002, page 44.
 * 1) * 2002 I have a major confession to make which will probably incur the wrath of all Trekkies out there. — Trek & Treat, article in The Daily Mirror (UK), Jessica Mellor, Saturday, August 10, 2002, page 44.

Usage notes

 * There is a division among fans over whether Trekkie or is the appropriate term, with many preferring one over the other. Trekkie is the better-known term.

title: Trekkie


text:
teleport

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1)  To travel, often instantaneously, from one point to another without physically crossing the distance between the two points.
 * 2)  To move (an object) in this fashion, as by telekinesis.
 * 1)  To move (an object) in this fashion, as by telekinesis.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: teleportovat
 * Danish: teleportere
 * Dutch: teleporteren
 * Esperanto: teleportiĝi
 * Finnish: kaukosiirtyä, etäsiirtyä,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: fjarflytja
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: テレポート, テレポートする
 * Malay: rentas jarak
 * Norwegian:
 * Portuguese: teletransportar, teleportar
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: teletransportar
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: телепортуватися

 * Danish: teleportere
 * Esperanto: teleporti
 * Finnish: kaukosiirtää, etäsiirtää,
 * German:
 * Icelandic: fjarflytja
 * Japanese: テレポート, テレポートする
 * Norwegian:
 * Romanian: teleporta
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Noun

 * 1)  A satellite ground station.

Noun

 * 1)  a

title: teleport


text:
growth

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬 "meadow, pasture"; > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 "growth, crop"; > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Noun

 * 1) An increase in size, number, value, or strength.
 * 2) An increase in psychological strength or resilience; an increased ability to overcome adversity.
 * 3)  The act of growing, getting bigger or higher.
 * 4)  Something that grows or has grown.
 * 5)  An abnormal mass such as a tumor.
 * 1) An increase in psychological strength or resilience; an increased ability to overcome adversity.
 * 2)  The act of growing, getting bigger or higher.
 * 3)  Something that grows or has grown.
 * 4)  An abnormal mass such as a tumor.
 * 1)  An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

Translations

 * Arabic: تَنْمِيَة, نُمُو
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: crecimientu
 * Azerbaijani: böyümə, artma, boy atma, artma
 * Bashkir: ҙурайыу, үҫеш
 * Belarusian: рост
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 生長
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: vækst
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kreskiĝo
 * Estonian: kasv
 * Faroese: vøkstur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ზრდა, გაზრდა, მატება, მომატება
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐍄𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: αὔξησις
 * Hebrew: גדילה, צמיחה
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: forás, fás, borrúlacht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: augšana, izaugsme
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxemburgish: Wuesstem
 * Macedonian: раст, развој
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: vekst, framvekst
 * Nynorsk: vekst, framvekst
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: æþelu
 * Old Norse: vǫxtr
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: fàs
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ра̑ст
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: rast, vzrast
 * Slovene:, porast
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, , ,
 * Tocharian B: tsamo
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ріст
 * Welsh: cynnydd
 * West Frisian: groei oanwaaks

 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: үҫеш
 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ზრდა, გაზრდა
 * German:
 * Hebrew: צמיחה
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: breisiú, forás, fás, borrúlacht
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: раст, растење
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: vekst
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fàs
 * Slovak: rast
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: прирі́ст
 * Welsh: twf
 * West Frisian: groei oanwaaks

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: vækst
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: grøði
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ნამატი
 * German:, , , Bewucherung
 * Hebrew: צמחייה
 * Macedonian: израсток
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene: rastje
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Czech: bujení
 * Danish: vækst
 * Finnish:, kasvannainen,
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: φῦμα
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: израсток
 * Maori: ngene
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Georgian: ,

title: growth


text:
quarter

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) A fourth part of something.
 * 2)  Each of four equal parts into which something can be divided; a fourth part.
 * 3)  A measure of capacity used chiefly for grain or coal, varying greatly in quantity by time and location.
 * 4) A fourth part of a pound; approximately 113 grams.
 * 5)  A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard.
 * 6)  A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night.
 * 7)  A fourth part of the year; 3 months; a term or season.
 * 8)  A fourth part of an hour; a period of fifteen minutes, especially with reference to the quarter before or after the hour.
 * 9)  A fourth part of a hundredweight.
 * 10)  A fourth part of a coat of arms, or the charge on it, larger than a canton and normally on the upper dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.
 * 11)  A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada.
 * 12)  One of four equal periods into which a game is divided.
 * 13)  A quarter of an acre or 40 roods.
 * 14) Place or position.
 * 15) A region or place.
 * 16) Each of four parts into which the earth or sky is divided, corresponding to the four cardinal points of the compass.
 * 17) A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc.
 * 18) One's residence or dwelling-place;  rooms, lodgings, especially as allocated to soldiers or domestic staff.
 * 19)  A topic or area of endeavour.
 * 20)  The aftmost part of a vessel's side, roughly from the last mast to the stern.
 * 21) * 1808–10,, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 80:
 * I was one morning walking the deck, when Rogers, whose watch it was, sitting upon the quarter, called to me in his usual style, ‘Come here, Bill.’
 * 1)  The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.
 * 2)  A section (of a population), especially one having a particular set of values or interests.
 * opposition to the policy came from an unexpected quarter, as well as from certain quarters which had historically opposed it
 * all quarters of the socialist movement; praise from Conservative quarters
 * 1)  Relations between people.
 * 2) Accommodation given to a defeated opponent; mercy; exemption from being killed.
 * 3) Short forms.
 * 4)  A quarterback.
 * 5)  A quartermaster; a quartermaster sergeant.
 * 6) A quarterfinal.
 * opposition to the policy came from an unexpected quarter, as well as from certain quarters which had historically opposed it
 * all quarters of the socialist movement; praise from Conservative quarters
 * 1)  Relations between people.
 * 2) Accommodation given to a defeated opponent; mercy; exemption from being killed.
 * 3) Short forms.
 * 4)  A quarterback.
 * 5)  A quartermaster; a quartermaster sergeant.
 * 6) A quarterfinal.
 * 1) Accommodation given to a defeated opponent; mercy; exemption from being killed.
 * 2) Short forms.
 * 3)  A quarterback.
 * 4)  A quartermaster; a quartermaster sergeant.
 * 5) A quarterfinal.
 * 1) A quarterfinal.
 * 1) A quarterfinal.

Synonyms

 * ; ward; ; ;  ;
 * ; ward; ; ;  ;
 * ; ward; ; ;  ;

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: رُبُع
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: rüb, çərək
 * Bavarian: Viadl
 * Belarusian: чвэрць
 * Bulgarian: че́твърт
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 四分之一
 * Czech:
 * Danish: fjerdedel,
 * Dutch:, vierdeel,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: veerand, neljandik
 * Faroese: fjórðingur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მეოთხედი
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: τέταρτον
 * Hawaiian: hapahā
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: fjórðungur
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: quarto, quarte parte
 * Irish: ceathrú
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 四分の一,, 四半分
 * Kazakh: ширек
 * Khmer: មួយភាគបួន
 * Korean: 4분의 1, 사분의 일
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: چارەک
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latgalian: catūrtdale
 * Latin:, quarta
 * Latvian: ceturtdaļa
 * Lithuanian: ketvirtadalis, ketvirtis
 * Macedonian: четвртина
 * Malay:
 * Jawi: ڤرامڤت
 * Rumi:
 * Malayalam: കാല്
 * Manchu: ᡨᡠᠪᡳ
 * Manx: kerroo
 * Maori: hauwhā
 * Norman: quartchi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: firedel, fjerdedel
 * Nynorsk: firedel, fjerdedel
 * Pennsylvania German: Vardel
 * Persian:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, quarta parte
 * Quechua: yaqa
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, (одна) четвёртая (часть)
 * Scottish Gaelic: ceathramh, cairteal
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: четврт
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: štvrť
 * Slovene: četrt,
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: běrtyl
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tajik: чоряк
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: పావు భాగం, నాలుగో వంతు
 * Thai:, หนึ่งในสี่, หนึ่งส่วนสี่
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: phần tư
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: chwarter, chwarter
 * Yiddish: פֿערטל
 * Zazaki: çeyreg

 * Burmese:
 * Caribbean Hindustani: tjonnie
 * Czech: čtvrťák
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: neljännesdollari
 * French: ,
 * German: Vierteldollar
 * Hindi: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Javanese:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بیستوپێنج سەنت
 * Navajo: naaki yáál
 * Persian: بیست و پنج سنتی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: moeda de vinte e cinco centavos
 * Romanian: monedă de douăzeci și cinci cenți
 * Russian:
 * Saramaccan: kwaliki
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: kwartyi, tyawa, drisren
 * Telugu: (Quarter of Indian Rupee)
 * Thai: เหรียญสลึง
 * Ukrainian:
 * Yiddish: קוואָדער

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: тримесечие
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: kvartal
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kvaronjaro
 * Estonian: kvartal
 * Faroese: ársfjórðingur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: კვარტალი
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: तिमाही,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: fjórðungur
 * Ido: ,
 * Indonesian:, , trimester
 * Interlingua: trimestre
 * Irish: ráithe
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Lithuanian: ketvirtis
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: kvartal
 * Nynorsk: kvartal
 * Persian:, سه‌ماهه
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ràith
 * Slovak: štvrťrok
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: త్రైమాసికం
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: trimestır, çeyrekyıl
 * Ukrainian: ква́ртал
 * Zazaki: çeyregser

 * Bulgarian: четръртина
 * Estonian: veerandaeg
 * Greek:
 * Thai: ควอเตอร์, ควอร์เตอร์

 * Arabic: حَارَة
 * Armenian:
 * Bavarian: Viadl
 * Belarusian: кварта́л
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: vierdeel,, ,
 * Esperanto: kvartalo
 * Estonian: kvartal
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: კვარტალი
 * German:, , Veedel, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: ἄμφοδον, φάρσος
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: fjórðungur, hverfi
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Ladino:
 * Roman: maalé
 * Latin: ,
 * Lithuanian: kvartalas
 * Ngazidja Comorian: mraya
 * Norwegian:, kvarter
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Somali: xaafad
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: běrtyl
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tamil: ,
 * Thai:, ,
 * Turkish:, , , , ,
 * Ukrainian: кварта́л
 * Volapük: harat, tedaharat, pöfanaharat, luharat, plödaharat
 * Zazaki: mahla

 * French:
 * Georgian: კვარტალი

 * Hebrew:, , יַרְכָה

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to an aspect of a quarter.
 * 2)  Consisting of a fourth part, a quarter ($1/4$, 25%).
 * 3)  Related to a three-month term, a quarter of a year.
 * 1)  Related to a three-month term, a quarter of a year.

Usage notes
Often used in a combining form quarter-.

Antonyms

 * quadruple

Verb

 * 1)  To divide into quarters; to divide by four.
 * 2)  To provide housing for military personnel or other equipment.
 * 3)  To lodge; to have a temporary residence.
 * 4)  To quartersaw.
 * 5)  To execute (someone) by tying each limb to a different animal (such as a horse) and driving them in different directions.
 * 6)  To display different coats of arms in the quarters of a shield.
 * 1)  To execute (someone) by tying each limb to a different animal (such as a horse) and driving them in different directions.
 * 2)  To display different coats of arms in the quarters of a shield.

Synonyms

 * , ; See also Thesaurus:sojourn

Antonyms

 * quadruple (multiply by four)

Translations

 * Bulgarian: разделям на четири
 * Czech: čtvrtit, rozčtvrtit
 * Dutch: vierdelen,
 * Finnish: jakaa neljään osaan ; jakaa neljällä
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek: τεταρτιάζω,
 * Ido: quarpecigar
 * Japanese: 四分, 四分割
 * Latin: quadripartiō
 * Norman: quarteller
 * Polish: ćwiartować, poćwiartować
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: разквартирувам
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ido:, ,
 * Polish: kwaterować, zakwaterować

 * Finnish:

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.

Etymology
. In the military senses, influenced by 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fourth
 * 2)  trapdoor
 * 1)  trapdoor

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  old measure of corn

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) A  fourth part of something:
 * 2) A  of a whole chicken.
 * 3) One of the four divisions of the earth or sky.
 * 4) A  of the year; a three-month period.
 * 5) A  of the night; a three-hour period.
 * 6) A  of an hour; a 15-minute period.
 * 7) One of the moon's four phases.
 * 8)  A fourth part of a coat of arms.
 * 9) A unit of capacity being a quarter of another measure.
 * 10) A unit of weight often a quarter of an ounce or pound.
 * 11) A unit of length nine inches; being quarter of an ell.
 * 12) Any part, portion, or fragment.
 * 13) A region, locale or place.
 * 14) A certain fencing maneuver.
 * 15)  A direction; a way.
 * 1)  A direction; a way.

Noun

 * 1)   (one fourth)

title: quarter


text:
TLCAN

Proper noun

 * 1)  NAFTA

title: TLCAN


text:
NAFTA

Translations

 * Finnish: NAFTA
 * French: ALÉNA
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: TLCAN
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: KASTA, KAÜSTA,

title: NAFTA


text:
tadago-pie

Etymology
Cornish?

Noun

 * 1)  A special meat pie from, made from aborted miscarried pigs.

Alternative forms

 * tadago pie

title: tadago-pie


text:
parole

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  Originally, one's oath or word of honour, given as a condition of release from custody; now specifically, describing the release of a former prisoner under certain conditions, especially the promise of good behaviour.
 * 2) Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases.
 * 3)  A word of honor, especially given by a prisoner of war, to not engage in combat if released.
 * 4)  A watchword or code phrase;  a password given only to officers, distinguished from the countersign, which is given to all guards.
 * 5)  Language in use, as opposed to language as a system.
 * 6)  The permission for a foreigner who does not meet the technical requirements for a visa to be allowed to enter the U.S. on humanitarian grounds.
 * 1)  A watchword or code phrase;  a password given only to officers, distinguished from the countersign, which is given to all guards.
 * 2)  Language in use, as opposed to language as a system.
 * 3)  The permission for a foreigner who does not meet the technical requirements for a visa to be allowed to enter the U.S. on humanitarian grounds.
 * 1)  Language in use, as opposed to language as a system.
 * 2)  The permission for a foreigner who does not meet the technical requirements for a visa to be allowed to enter the U.S. on humanitarian grounds.
 * 1)  Language in use, as opposed to language as a system.
 * 2)  The permission for a foreigner who does not meet the technical requirements for a visa to be allowed to enter the U.S. on humanitarian grounds.

Translations

 * American Sign Language: BentB@BaseHand-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterSternumhigh-UlnarAcross BentB@TipHand-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterSternumhigh-UlnarAcross
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: podmínečné propuštění
 * Dutch: voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling
 * Finnish: ehdonalainen
 * French: libération conditionnelle
 * German: bedingte Haftentlassung,
 * Hungarian: feltételes szabadlábra helyezés
 * Icelandic: reynslulausn
 * Indonesian: pelepasan bersyarat
 * Italian: libertà condizionale,
 * Japanese: 仮釈放
 * Kazakh: мерзімінен бұрын шартты түрде босату
 * Occitan: libertat condicionala
 * Portuguese:, liberdade condicional
 * Romanian: eliberare condiționată
 * Russian: усло́вно-досро́чное освобожде́ние, УДО́, досро́чное освобожде́ние, усло́вное освобожде́ние
 * Spanish: libertad condicional
 * Swedish: villkorlig frigivning
 * Ukrainian: умо́вно-достроко́ве зві́льнення, умовне звільнення від відбування покарання

 * American Sign Language: BentB@BaseHand-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterSternumhigh-UlnarAcross BentB@TipHand-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterSternumhigh-UlnarAcross
 * Finnish: ehdonalainen
 * Japanese: 仮釈放

 * Finnish: ,
 * Slovak: parole

Verb

 * 1)  To release (a prisoner) on the understanding that s/he checks in regularly and obeys the law.
 * 2)  To be released on parole.
 * 1)  To be released on parole.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: освобождавам под гаранция
 * Maori: tukuhere
 * Spanish: ser puesto en libertad condicional

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) verbally

Etymology
, from, inherited from , from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) the power of speech, language the faculty of using spoken language to communicate or express thought, the usage of this faculty, and the words articulated through its use
 * 2) word(s) utterance, expression an orally articulated unit of discourse
 * 3) voice, spoken word
 * 4)  lyrics, words of a song
 * 5) promise, word
 * 6) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) voice, spoken word
 * 2)  lyrics, words of a song
 * 3) promise, word
 * 4) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) promise, word
 * 2) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly
 * 1) floor the right to speak, as, for example, in a legislative assembly

Interjection
!

 * 1) swear to God!

Noun

 * 1)  lyrics, words
 * 1)  lyrics, words
 * 1)  lyrics, words

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

Noun

 * 1)  password identification word used in military operations or in secret, covert activities (e.g., by a secret service, in a revolutionary movement, etc.)
 * 2)  password sequence of characters that gives access to a website
 * agrāk vispopulārākā parole bija “password” — previously the most popular password was “password”
 * 1)  password sequence of characters that gives access to a website
 * agrāk vispopulārākā parole bija “password” — previously the most popular password was “password”
 * 1)  password sequence of characters that gives access to a website
 * agrāk vispopulārākā parole bija “password” — previously the most popular password was “password”

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) word

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) word
 * 2)  the right to speak
 * 1)  the right to speak
 * 1)  the right to speak

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Indeclined.

Etymology
..

title: parole


text:
Wiktionary talk:Alternative vision of multilingual dictionary

Your vision is welcome. My reactions to your points are mixed, but that's fine.

The kind of linguistic articles that you describe for the Polish Wikipedia would all be fine on the English one. If they aren't there it's perhaps simply that even with its much larger size the right people to write that kind of article have simply not arrived. Your personal interest in linguistics may have given it a much higher profile in Polish, but I tend to view that as a statistical anomaly.

The rule that Wikipedia is not a dictionary shouldn't be a problem. I agree that it shouldn't be about defining words, but not to the extent that definitions are completely banned. A great deal of flexibility is required in regards to this rule. I also believe that it should be allowed to develop separately in each language. Each language must find its own balance in the Wikipedia/Wiktionary relationship.24 Jan 6, 200
 * Good dictionary, like ones on Polish Wikipedia, group similar words in single article. It's very difficult to learn anything when every word is in separate article, and there is no structure for information describing groups of related words.

That paragraph may be the basis of a musunderstanding. English makes a distinction between "dictionary" and "glossary". Does Polish not have a similar distinction between słownik and glosariusz? For me a dictionary means a place where I can find out what an unknown word means. If I am looking at a piece of text which I already recognize as being in Polish, and it includes the word pies I want to know that it is referring to a dog. If further the context is about a family dog that bit a burglar, knowing the Polish word for other animals is not going to help me. On the other hand if I'm about to visit the Warsaw zoo, a glossary of the animals found there would be very useful.

 * To me, the difference between a dictionary and a glossary is this: A glossary is associated with a specific book, document, etc. For instance, if Tomasz were writing a paper about anime, he might have a page at the end defining anime-related words used in the document. This list of definitions would be a glossary. However, if he decided to be very ambitious and write a stand-alone book defining anime-related words, that book would be a dictionary.

Grouping by spelling in a dictionary is fine, but I do agree that a reader of the English Wiktionary will not be interested in knowing how a Polish word is translated into Bengali.

I agree that the name Wiktionary shows a West European bias, but I have no idea how that problem can be solved.

Double logging, and double preferences are really only a minor point. The duplication of recent changes should not be much of a problem either since they will mostly deal with different articles. I also see no need to move linguistic articles from Wikipedia to Wiktionary; most are probably fine where they are.

I tend to support most of what you list at the end of your vision. As things stand these are more likely to be successful in Wiktionary than Wikipedia. UTF-8 has already become accepted for Wiktionary, and we are beginning to see more fully accented words or words is other scripts. It is important to appreciate what a big forward step it is to accept this in an English language environment where the citizens of one country in particular have an intense dislike for anything foreign. Eclecticology 09:3 (UTC)

I know what you mean by the word wiktionary having a western european bias, but the word Wiktionary is an international word, shore the Etymology of the word comes from the word wiki and the english word Dictionary, but it does nto affetc teh word wiktionary being an international word.

Word glosariusz in Polish isn't really used and almost anything that has something to do with meaning of words is called słownik, including things that are called glossary in English.

Main problem with linguistics in English Wikipedia is lack of UTF-8. I'd translate some stuff from Polish Wikipedia, but it's impossible now.

Our dictionary should support both "browsing" and "searching for words" modes. I think that thematic structure is much better for browsing, and "single word searches" can be accomplished by some search engine.

Double logging/preferences/recent changes is a problem, as I already have to log 6 times to check all my user pages. But this is rather independent of other issues I have with Wiktionary.

It's not only me who does linguistics on Polish Wikipedia, it's just that I did a lot and then you see usual self-acceleration. Taw 13:32 Jan 6, 2003 (UTC)


text:
taghairm

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from ; compare 🇨🇬, from , , ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European roots.

The  (3rd ed., 1797) suggests a derivation from 🇨🇬 +, while the editor of an 1871 edition of Sir ’s The Lady of the Lake suggested or. These etymologies are no longer to be taken seriously.

Noun

 * 1)  An ancient divination method of the Highland Scots involving animal sacrifice.
 * 2) A method of divination involving wrapping a person in the hide of a freshly-killed ox which was then placed beside a waterfall or other desolate place, to enable the person to foresee the outcome of an impending battle; the oracle of the hide.
 * 3) A method of divination in which cats were roasted alive to call up the spirit of the demon cat who would grant the wishes of the torturers.
 * 1) A method of divination in which cats were roasted alive to call up the spirit of the demon cat who would grant the wishes of the torturers.
 * 1) A method of divination in which cats were roasted alive to call up the spirit of the demon cat who would grant the wishes of the torturers.
 * 1) A method of divination in which cats were roasted alive to call up the spirit of the demon cat who would grant the wishes of the torturers.
 * 1) A method of divination in which cats were roasted alive to call up the spirit of the demon cat who would grant the wishes of the torturers.

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from.

Etymology
From, from , from , from ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) echo
 * 2) a gathering summons
 * 3) taghairm

title: taghairm


text:
Talk:brown

Tertiary colour
the tertiary colour of the primary colours, red, green and blue

I thought the primary colours were blue, red and yellow. AFAIK green is a secondary colour (obtained by adding blue and yellow). Is this correct? D.D. 10:18 Jan 7, 2003 (UTC)

It depends the primary colours of light are blue red and green but the priomary colours of paint, or other things are blue red and yellow. -fonzy

Etymology of Brown
saved from tea room

Can someone look in the OED and tell me how far back the word brown goes? (My town library doesn't have an OED and I've never gotten around to going to the big town next-town over). Apparently the Chinese word for brown comes from the borrowed word for coffee and is a new creation. For us brown is the color of dirt but in China apparently the dirt has so much clay in it that it is a shade of yellow. Brown is a cognate for the German braun, so it looks to me to go back a ways in English but I'm curious. JillianE 01:52, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Due to a TV series on the BBC the online OED is free for 48 hours each week, but not for much longer. The earliest cites for brown go back to about 1000AD for a couple of adjectival senses. It seems to have a "Common Teutonic" origin, but this etym is quite complex for me so maybe I've missed a bit. — Hippietrail 15:58, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I get exactly what you're asking, but "brown" is about as old a word as you can get. It was used in Old English ("brun") although then it meant either "dark" or, confusingly, "bright, shining".  There's lots of talk in Old English poetry of "brown-edged swords", ie with shining or glittering blades.  (The comparison with Chinese languages is interesting but obviously there's no relationship.)  The word's association with a specific colour didn't come about till Middle English. Widsith 16:08, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * If I remember correctly 'brown' is one of the later color terms that comes latest to a language, regardless of what color dirt it's spoken on. Berlin and Kay did a study on basic color terms in languages awhile back, and found that languages have a rather strict (but not totally inflexible) hierarchy of color terminology: if the language has two basic color words, their canonical values will be black and white; if it has three, it has those two and red; if four, then those three and either green or yellow; if five, those four and the other of green or yellow; if six, those five and blue; if seven, those six and brown; if eight or more, those seven and some combination of purple, pink, orange, and grey. Germanic is interesting in that it has seemed to have gotten many of these color names early and lent them out (both 'brown' and 'blue' got sent into Romance languages).  When B&K analyzed Chinese they only found six, presumably 白色 (white), 黑色 (black), 红色 (red), 绿色 (green), 黄色 (yellow), and 蓝色 (blue) [I don't have the book atm to see].  咖啡色 (brown, coffee-colored) appears to have become more common than the native (?) term 褐色 (brown), suggesting a lack of 'basic'-ness to 褐色 keeping it from being common.  Having 紫色 (purple) appears to be an anomaly in the hierarchy, which may also be duplicated in Japanese.   —Muke Tever 19:11, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Can someone who knows the forms for adding etymologies add this to brown, please? JillianE 18:19, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Derivations
I think the derivations are incorrect. These other words are cognates to the English, the English word is not a derivation of these words, cf. deep. Wakuran 12:44, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Fixed. —Stephen 13:14, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Good, apparently one needs to fix all this by hand. Wakuran 12:06, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

RFV discussion: June 2016
Slang for "coffee". Couldn't find this with the obvious searches ("cup of brown" etc.). Equinox ◑ 23:09, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I made this up for the obvious reason (as coffee is brown) and decided to add to it at least for a little while. PlanetStar (talk) 01:58, 13 June 2016 (UTC)
 * We don't allow made-up words or definitions. See our Criteria for inclusion. Speedily removed. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:49, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:brown


text:
Frankenstein complex

Etymology
in his novelette Little Lost Robot. From Victor Frankenstein, the title character of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein.

Noun

 * 1) The fear that an artificial intelligence will turn against humans.

title: Frankenstein complex


text:
shapeshift

Etymology
Probably a.

Verb

 * 1)  To change one's shape or form (into another) through often magical means, normally applied only to living beings.
 * 2)  To undergo a noticeable change (in character for example), to metamorphosize.
 * 3) * 2019, Adam Turner-Heffer, Chelsea Wolfe: Birth of Violence review, The Skinny, September 2019, page 57:
 * While Chelsea Wolfe has often shapeshifted in terms of how she presents her music, one thing remains constant: her big mood.
 * 1)  To undergo a noticeable change (in character for example), to metamorphosize.
 * 2) * 2019, Adam Turner-Heffer, Chelsea Wolfe: Birth of Violence review, The Skinny, September 2019, page 57:
 * While Chelsea Wolfe has often shapeshifted in terms of how she presents her music, one thing remains constant: her big mood.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:, , gedaante wisselen
 * Finnish: muuttaa muotoa
 * German: sich verwandeln

title: shapeshift


text:
bug-eyed monster

Noun

 * 1)  An extraterrestrial.

Synonyms

 * BEM

Translations

 * Finnish: mulkosilmäinen hirviö

title: bug-eyed monster


text:
everywhen

Adverb

 * 1)  Always, at all times.

Usage notes
The word is usually collocated with everywhere in the phrase everywhere and everywhen, where it often denotes continuous existence or inexistence in time and space, and as such, it is commonly found in theological and spiritual contexts.

title: everywhen


text:
futurism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An early 20th century avant-garde art movement focused on speed, the mechanical, and the modern, which took a deeply antagonistic attitude to traditional artistic conventions.
 * 2) The study and prediction of possible futures.
 * 3)  The Jewish expectation of the messiah in the future rather than recognizing him in the presence of Christ.
 * 4)  Eschatological interpretations associating some Biblical prophecies with future events yet to be fulfilled, including the Second Coming.
 * 1)  The Jewish expectation of the messiah in the future rather than recognizing him in the presence of Christ.
 * 2)  Eschatological interpretations associating some Biblical prophecies with future events yet to be fulfilled, including the Second Coming.

Translations

 * Catalan: futurisme
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: futurismus
 * Esperanto: futurismo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: futurismo
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: framúrstefna
 * Irish: todhchaíochas
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 未来派, フューチャリズム
 * Kazakh: футуризм
 * Norwegian: futurisme
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: футуризам
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

Etymology
.

title: futurism


text:
deep sleep

Noun

 * 1)  stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep
 * 2)  Artificially induced hibernation in humans for the purpose of long distance space travel.
 * 1)  Artificially induced hibernation in humans for the purpose of long distance space travel.
 * 1)  Artificially induced hibernation in humans for the purpose of long distance space travel.

Translations

 * Arabic: نَوْم عَمِيق
 * Finnish: syvä uni
 * French: sommeil profond
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κῶμα
 * Maori: moe rotu
 * Polish: twardy sen
 * Swedish: djupsömn

 * Finnish: syvä uni

title: deep sleep


text:
dies

Usage notes

 * In the nominative and accusative neuter, the forms dieses and dies are in general interchangeable, but there is a tendency to prefer one or the other in the following situations:
 * In adjectival usage, dieses is generally preferred to dies. So dieses Haus ("this house") is more common than the also correct and synonymic dies Haus.
 * In substantival usage, dieses is used to refer to a previously used neuter noun:
 * Unser Unternehmen sollte das Gebäude verkaufen. Wir können dieses nicht mehr gebrauchen.
 * Our company should sell the building. We cannot make use of it anymore.
 * Dies is used to refer to a preceding context or phrase:
 * Unser Unternehmen sollte das Gebäude verkaufen. Dies würde uns viel Geld einbringen.
 * Our company should sell the building. This would earn us a lot of money.
 * Dies is also used to refer to something the speaker perceives with the senses (exophoric use, deixis):
 * Sieh dir dies mal an! – Have a look at this! (e.g. a newspaper article)
 * Dies sind meine Kinder. – These are my children. (regular use of the neuter singular with a copula verb)
 * The above habits are mainly true of formal speech and writing. Colloquially, the shorter dies is often preferred, but the pronouns and  are even more common.

Etymology
.

Numeral

 * 1)  ten

Etymology
Back-formed from the accusative (at a time when the vowel was still long), from, the accusative of , from. The original nominative survives as in two fossilised phrases:  and. The d in diēs is a puzzle with some suggesting dialect borrowing and others referring to an etymon *diyew- via Lindeman's Law. But note the possible Proto-Italic allophony between *-CjV- and *-CiV-, which may be the cause for this divergence (See WT:AITC).

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, but not, which is a false cognate. The Italic stem was also the source of, the genitive of and was generally interchangeable with it in earlier times, still shown by the analogical formation.

Noun

 * 1) A day, particularly:
 * 2) A solar or sidereal day of about 24 hours, especially  Roman dates reckoned from one midnight to the next.
 * 3) Daytime: a period of light between sunrise and sunset.
 * 4)  A set day: a date, an appointment.
 * 1) Daytime: a period of light between sunrise and sunset.
 * 2)  A set day: a date, an appointment.
 * 1) Daytime: a period of light between sunrise and sunset.
 * 2)  A set day: a date, an appointment.
 * 1)  A set day: a date, an appointment.
 * 1)  A set day: a date, an appointment.

Usage notes

 * Dates in the Roman calendar were reckoned according to the calends, the nones , and the ides . The calends of every month was its first day; the nones and ides of most months were their 5th and 13th days; and the nones and ides of the four original 31-day months—, , or , and —were two days later. January 1st was thus   or . The day preceding any of these three principal days was called its eve . January 12th was thus    or  . All other days of the month were expressed by counting inclusively forward to the next of these three principal days and, in early Latin, this was expressed in the ablative. January 11th was thus      or  . By the time of classical Latin, however, the  had moved to the beginning of the expression and it became an accusative absolute:      or  (   .). In this form, the date functioned as a single indeclinable noun and could serve as the object of prepositions such as  and.
 * Unlike most fifth-declension nouns, diēs is not exclusively feminine. It was typically masculine, particularly in the plural. It appears as a feminine noun when being personified as a goddess, in some specific dates, in reference to the passing of time, and occasionally in other contexts.

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance:
 * Dalmatian:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:

Adverb

 * 1) therefore, because of that, for that reason

Conjunction

 * 1) until
 * 2) because

Etymology
From and  and.

Numeral

 * 1)  ten (10)

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  back

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1)  today

title: dies


text:
German

Etymology
From, (“the peoples of ”), as distinct from  (in the writings of Caesar and Tacitus), and of uncertain ultimate origin (possibly /).

Not related to or  (from the Latin adjective, through Old French).

Attested since at least 1520. Replaced the older terms and  (from 🇨🇬) in English. Besides cognates of German, Almain, and Dutch, two other categories of words for the Germans in other languages are cognates of and descendants of ; see those entries for more.

The surname is generally from the noun, though sometimes confused with, under Russian influence. As a surname, Americanized from. Compare, ,.

Noun

 * 1)  A native or inhabitant of Germany; a person of German citizenship or nationality.
 * 2) A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.
 * 3)  A member of a Germanic tribe.
 * 4)  A German wine.
 * 5)   A size of type between  and, $1 1/2$-point type.
 * 6)   A Germany-produced car, a.
 * 7)   A prison warder.
 * 1)   A size of type between  and, ⇭⇭⇭-point type.
 * 2)   A Germany-produced car, a.
 * 3)   A prison warder.
 * 1)   A prison warder.
 * 1)   A prison warder.

Translations

 * Alabama:
 * Chuvash:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: ,
 * Guaraní:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Latin:, ,
 * Latvian:, , (rare)
 * Macedonian:, ,
 * Malay: ,
 * Maltese:, , ,
 * Marathi:
 * Norman: ,
 * Old French:
 * Pashto: ,
 * Persian:
 * Romani: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic:, , ,
 * Roman:, , ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tatar:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:, ,
 * Volapük:
 * Yakut:

Proper noun

 * 1)   An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the nation of Germany.
 * 2) Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Germany; to people of German descent.
 * 3) * 1889, Theodore S. Fay, The three Germanys: glimpses into their history, vol. II, p. 1270 (inside the index):
 * Goths, a German tribe, 9; allied with other tribes against Rome, 39; [...]
 * Of, in or relating to the German language.
 * 1) * 1990, Charles V.J. Russ, Introduction, in: Charles V.J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, p. xviii (note: the work covers Frisian, Low and High German dialects):
 * This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects [...]. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).
 * Of, in or relating to the German language.
 * 1) * 1990, Charles V.J. Russ, Introduction, in: Charles V.J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, p. xviii (note: the work covers Frisian, Low and High German dialects):
 * This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects [...]. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).
 * 1) * 1990, Charles V.J. Russ, Introduction, in: Charles V.J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, p. xviii (note: the work covers Frisian, Low and High German dialects):
 * This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects [...]. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).
 * 1) * 1990, Charles V.J. Russ, Introduction, in: Charles V.J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, p. xviii (note: the work covers Frisian, Low and High German dialects):
 * This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects [...]. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).
 * This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects [...]. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).

Etymology

 * Borrowed from Germán

Noun

 * 1)  germane

Proper noun

 * 1)  (member of a Germanic tribe)

title: German


text:
Tagliacotian

Etymology
Eponymous for the Italian surgeon Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546–1599) who developed the surgery.

Adjective

 * 1)  Pertaining to surgically reconstructed noses.

title: Tagliacotian


text:
rain dogs and cats

Usage notes
This term is rarely used, whereas is in current usage.

title: rain dogs and cats


text:
User:KF

Kurt Forstner lives in Vienna, Austria. He is mainly interested in the humanities and has been contributing to Wikipedia since the summer of 2002.

title: User:KF


text:
slushpile

Noun

 * 1)  A collection of rejected or unsolicited manuscripts.

title: slushpile