text:
ב

Letter

 * 1) The second letter of the Aramaic alphabet.
 * 2) The numeral 2 in Aramaic numbering.

Coordinate terms

 * Previous: א
 * Next: ג

Letter

 * 1) Bet, beth, vet: the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 2 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter ב represents what are now the phonemes and . In Modern Israeli Hebrew, these phonemes are pronounced  and, respectively (like the ⟨b⟩ and ⟨v⟩ in English  and ). At some point in the past, these phonemes are commonly believed to have been a single phoneme , with allophones  and perhaps  or  (where  is the voiced bilabial fricative, intermediate between the voiced bilabial plosive  and the voiced labiodental fricative ). The  allophone was found word-initially, after consonants, and when geminated. In Modern Israeli Hebrew, however, the phoneme  can also occur in other contexts, especially in loanwords.
 * In writing with nikud (vowel markings and related diacritics), the letter ב takes a dagesh (בּ) when representing.
 * For information about ב as a preposition meaning roughly "in" or "with", see.

Letter

 * 1) the second letter of the Yiddish alefbeys

title: ב


text:
ג

Letter

 * 1) Gimel: the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 3 in Hebrew numbering.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: ג


text:
ד

Letter

 * 1) Dalet, daleth: the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 4 in Hebrew numbering.
 * , equivalent to S.

Usage notes

 * The letter ד represents the phoneme /d/. In Modern Israeli Hebrew, this phoneme is pronounced [d] (like the <d> in English ).
 * In the Masoretic Text, the letter ד takes a dagesh (דּ) not only when geminated, but also at the start of a word or after a consonant. In Yemenite Hebrew, it is pronounced [d] in those contexts, and [ð] (like the <th> in English ) in other contexts; it is commonly believed that the same was true in Classical Hebrew.
 * In Modern Israeli Hebrew, the sound /ð/ (like the <th> in English ), which occurs in various foreign phrases and proper nouns, is commonly written.
 * The letter ד does not have many "grammatical" uses — it mostly occurs only in the "main" part of a word — but one exception is in hitpa'el verbs (and derived nouns) where the first letter of the root is ; for example, one says rather than *.

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * of
 * 1) from
 * 1) from
 * 1) from
 * 1) from
 * 1) from

title: ד


text:
ה

Letter

 * 1) He, hei: the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 5 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter ה represents the traditional phoneme (like the sound of ⟨h⟩ in the English word ). In present-day Israeli Hebrew, this phoneme is generally dropped in ordinary speech — a word such as  is usually pronounced, at least in everyday conversation — but the letter ה is still used where the sound  would be expected, such as in loanwords where the source word has.
 * The letter ה is also used as a silent letter (a mater lectionis) at the end of a word, to indicate the presence of a vowel that is not otherwise indicated. This vowel is usually (as in  and ), but often  (as in  and ), and in a few cases  (as in ). However, final vowels are not necessarily indicated by any letter at all; for example, the words, , and  all end with a vowel  that is not indicated by a following letter. Conversely, this silent use of ה appears, in a very small number of exceptional cases, in the interior of a word, such as in.
 * In writing with vowels, when a letter ה representing the phoneme occurs at the end of a word, it is written with dot inside, called a mapík, to distinguish it from the silent use:, . In nowadays speech, this  is usually not pronounced.
 * Like the letters א, ח, ע, and ר, the letter ה never takes a dagésh (that is: in Tiberian /Masoretic Hebrew, which distinguished consonant length, the phoneme lost the ability to geminate gemination), and in circumstances where a dagésh would otherwise be expected, there is frequently lengthening in the preceding vowel vowel to compensate for the loss of gemination. Vowel length and consonant length (gemination) is absent from Modern Hebrew. For example, the infinitive of  is  rather than *.
 * Like the letters א, ח, and ע, the letter ה generally does not take a sh'vá (be it a sh'vá ná or a sh'vá nákh); rather, it takes a khatáf vowel:, , . Additionally, like word-final ח and ע, a word-final non-silent ה takes a patákh g'nuvá after any vowel other than :.
 * Since ה is used as a silent letter at the end of a word, it also is traditionally used as a placeholder in the representation of consonantal roots that have a sort of “gap” at the end. For example, the roots of the verbs, , , , and are , , , , and , respectively. In some forms, this “gap” becomes ת  (as in ); in others, it becomes י  (as in ); in others, it becomes a silent א (as in ); and in others, it essentially disappears (as in ).
 * For information about ה as a prefix meaning roughly “the”, marking a noun or adjective as definite, see.
 * For information about ה prepended to the first word of a yes-or-no question, see.
 * For information about ה as a suffix meaning roughly “-ward”, marking a noun as an adverbial destination, see.
 * For information about ה as a suffix meaning roughly “her”, which is one form of the third-person feminine singular personal pronoun, see.
 * For information about ה as a general feminine suffix on nouns, adjectives, and verb forms, see.
 * For information about ה as a sort of prefix in the past tense, infinitive forms, and/or action nouns of hif'íl, huf'ál, hitpa'él, and nif'ál verbs, see Appendix:Hebrew verbs.

title: ה


text:
ו

Letter

 * 1) Vav, waw: the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 6 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter ו represents a consonant phoneme that, depending on the form of Hebrew, is pronounced either [v] (like the <v> in the English word ) or [w] (like the <w> in the English word ). Most modern-day forms of Hebrew, including Modern Israeli Hebrew, use the [v] pronunciation; but some, such as the traditional pronunciation of Yemenite Jewish communities, use [w], and it's commonly believed that Classical Hebrew used [w] as well. Additionally, Modern Israeli Hebrew has acquired a separate /w/ phoneme in various loanwords and proper nouns (mostly from Arabic and English); this phoneme is commonly written or ו.
 * The letter ו is also used as a vowel letter (mater lectionis) representing the vowels /o/ and /u/. In writing with vowel markings, the former is written as וֹ, the latter as וּ. However, neither /o/ nor /u/ is always indicated with a letter, especially in traditional spelling. (In Modern Israeli spelling, they are often indicated even where traditional spelling did not indicate them.)
 * In Modern Israeli spelling, ו as a consonant is sometimes doubled within certain words, even when pronounced [v], to avoid confusion with ו as a vowel.
 * For information about ו as a conjunction meaning roughly “and”, see.
 * For information about ו as an ending meaning roughly “his” or “him”, which is one form of the third-person masculine singular personal pronoun, see.
 * For information about ו as an ending in third-person plural past and future tense forms, see Appendix:Hebrew verbs.

title: ו


text:
ז

Letter

 * 1)  Zayin: the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2)  7 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter ז represents the consonant /z/ (like the <z> in English ).
 * In Modern Israeli Hebrew, the sound /ʒ/ (like the <s> in English ), which occurs in various foreign phrases and proper nouns, is commonly written.

Noun

 * 1)   m.: masculine gender

title: ז


text:
ח

Pronunciation

 * Homophones:
 * חֵת
 * Homophones:
 * חֵת
 * חֵת
 * חֵת

Letter

 * 1) Heth, het: the eighth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 8 in Hebrew numbering.

Interjection

 * 1) ha:

title: ח


text:
ט

Letter

 * 1) Teth, tet: the ninth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 9 in Hebrew numbering.

title: ט


text:
י

Letter

 * 1) Yodh, yod, yud: the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 10 in Hebrew numbering.

title: י


text:
כ

Letter

 * 1) Kaph, kaf, khaph, khaf: the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 20 in Hebrew numbering.

title: כ


text:
ל

Letter

 * 1) Lamed: the twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 30 in Hebrew numbering.

Noun

 * 1) The third letter of a verb root; so called because it's the third letter of the word.

title: ל


text:
ם

Letter

 * 1) ; final mem

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) me first-person singular accusative pronoun

title: ם


text:
מ

Letter

 * 1) Mem: the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 40 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter denotes the phoneme  (like the sound of ⟨m⟩ in the English word ).
 * The letter has a distinct special form used at the ends of words, namely . This form is called mem sofit or (in English) final mem.
 * For information about מ as a preposition meaning roughly “from”, see.
 * For information about מ as a sort of prefix in the present tense and present participle of pi'él, pu'ál, hif'íl, huf'ál, and hitpa'él verbs, see Appendix:Hebrew verbs.
 * For information about ם as a suffix meaning roughly “them”, which is one form of the third-person masculine plural personal pronoun, see.

title: מ


text:
ן

Letter

 * 1) ; final nun

title: ן


text:
נ

Letter

 * 1) Nun: the fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 50 in Hebrew numbering.

Derived terms

 * ׆.

Noun

 * 1)   f.: feminine gender.

Verb

 * : failed (in a test or examination)

Preposition

 * 1)  vs.: versus, against

title: נ


text:
ס

Letter

 * 1) Samekh, samech: the fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 60 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * In Modern Hebrew, the letter is nearly always pronounced /s/; however, there are a few words and names with a /z/ sound that are nonetheless sometimes written with a  instead of a ; examples include  and.

title: ס


text:
ע

Letter

 * 1) Ayin: the sixteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 70 in Hebrew numbering.

title: ע


text:
ף

Letter

 * 1) ; final pe

title: ף


text:
פ

Letter

 * 1) Pe, peh, fe, feh: the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 80 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * When marked with a dagesh, the sound is /p/.

title: פ


text:
ץ

Letter

 * 1) ; final sadhe, tsadi, tzaddik

title: ץ


text:
צ

Letter

 * 1) Sadhe, tsadi, tsade, tzaddik, tsadiq: the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 90 in Hebrew numbering.
 * , equivalent to N.

title: צ


text:
ק

Letter

 * 1) Kuf, qof, qoph, koph: the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 100 in Hebrew numbering.

Descendants

 * Glagolitic: ,

title: ק


text:
ר

Letter

 * 1) Resh: the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * 2) The numeral 200 in Hebrew numbering.

title: ר


text:
ש

Etymology 1
From, the source of. The association of "tooth" with this letter was the result of folk etymology and based on the corresponding Phoenician letter,, having a shape resembling a tooth. The letter originally depicted a composite bow, which usually has the tips curving away from the archer when unstrung.

Related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at Shin.

Letter

 * 1) Shin or sin: the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after  and before.
 * שׁ is shin (with the shin dot above the right-hand side of the letter), representing
 * שׂ is sin (with the sin dot above the left-hand side of the letter), representing /s/
 * 1) The numeral 300 in Hebrew numbering.

Interjection

 * 1) Sh! Hush! Shush!

title: ש


text:
ת

Pronunciation
After: ב

Letter

 * 1) Tav: the twenty-second and final letter of the Hebrew alphabet, after.
 * 2) The numeral 400 in Hebrew numbering.

Usage notes

 * The letter ת represents the phoneme /t/. In Modern Israeli Hebrew, this phoneme is pronounced [t] (like the <t> in English ).
 * In the Masoretic Text, the letter ת takes a dagesh (תּ) not only when geminated, but also at the start of a word or after a consonant. In Ashkenazi Hebrew, it is pronounced [t] when it has a dagesh, and [s] (like the <s> in English ) in other cases. In Yemenite Hebrew, it is pronounced [t] when it has a dagesh, and [θ] (like the <th> in English ) in other cases; it is commonly believed that the same was true in Classical Hebrew.
 * In Modern Israeli Hebrew, the sound /θ/ (like the <th> in English ), which occurs in various foreign phrases and proper nouns, is commonly written.
 * Nouns ending in ת tend to be feminine, and many adjectives and participles form their feminine singular forms by appending ת to the masculine singular form (plus vowel changes). This is a reflex of Proto-Afroasiatic.
 * In many cases ת alternates with silent ה in different forms of a verb or noun; for example, feminine nouns whose singular indefinite forms end in ה tend to have singular construct forms ending in ת. (In many cases, this results from an original etymological /t/ having been lost in certain word-final contexts.)
 * For information about ת as a sort of prefix in various future-tense (prefix conjugation) forms, see Appendix:Hebrew verbs.
 * For information about ת as a sort of suffix in second-person singular past-tense (suffix conjugation) forms, see Appendix:Hebrew verbs.

Letter

 * 1) the twenty-sixth and final letter of the Yiddish alefbet

title: ת


text:
ך

Letter

 * 1) ; final kaph

title: ך


text:
Merseybeat

Noun

 * 1) The characteristic style of music produced by pop groups from Merseyside between 1958 and 1964, typified by the Beatles.

title: Merseybeat


text:
Liverpool sound

Proper noun

 * 1) Merseybeat.

title: Liverpool sound


text:
Talk:cloze

Noun or adjective?
User:Paul G, you mentioned in your note that you thought this might be a proper noun. Dictionary.com and Merriam-Webster say it is an adjective, Scrabble.com says it is a noun (the Scrabble officials happen to be quite intent on keeping proper nouns out of the Scrabble Dictionary).

 * The plural "clozes" can be found, so it's a noun. As an adjective, it would be attributive use of the noun, like "tractor" in "tractor parts"; it's not comparable or anything. Equinox ◑ 05:42, 23 December 2013 (UTC)

Etymology
Wikipedia article Cloze test says that "the word cloze is derived from closure in Gestalt theory". EtymOnline also lists "closure" as the origin. So if nobody objects, I will change the etymology section to mention this origin instead of the current one ("From close, with s changed to the phonetically identical z."). --Waldir (talk) 09:13, 27 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Done. --Waldir (talk) 14:55, 18 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:cloze


text:
chine

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) The top of a ridge.
 * 2) The spine of an animal.
 * 3) A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.
 * 4)  A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.
 * 5)  A longitudinal line of sharp change in the cross-section profile of the fuselage or similar body.
 * 6)  A hollowed or bevelled channel in the waterway of a ship's deck.
 * 7) The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.
 * 8) The back of the blade on a scythe.
 * 1)  A hollowed or bevelled channel in the waterway of a ship's deck.
 * 2) The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.
 * 3) The back of the blade on a scythe.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian: гръбнак
 * Finnish: ,
 * Hungarian:

 * Finnish: palle
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:

Verb

 * 1)  To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.
 * 2) To chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine.

Etymology 2
From, , from , , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A steep-sided ravine leading from the top of a cliff down to the sea.

Etymology 3
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  To crack, split, fissure, break.

title: chine


text:
Talk:majuscule writing

I can see nothing idiomatic about this term to make it deserving of its own article separate from its component words. Please correct me if I am wrong, in the meantime I'm marking it as rfd. — Hippietrail 11:42, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * If not here, the text would belong on BOTH of the component words pages, which seems redundant. I removed the rfd since it's so old and also not listed on the vfd page.

 * This is directly out of Webster 1913. —Muke Tever 17:22, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:majuscule writing


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪmən

Pronunciation
,, /-eIm@n/

title: Rhymes:English/eɪmən


text: laymen

title: laymen


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪpəl

Pronunciation
-āpəl, /-eɪpəl/, /-eIp@l/

Two syllables

 * maple
 * papal
 * staple

Four syllables

 * antipapal

title: Rhymes:English/eɪpəl


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪsəl

Pronunciation
-āsəl, /-eɪsəl/, /-eIs@l/

Two syllables

 * basal (one pronunciation)
 * vasal (one pronunciation)

title: Rhymes:English/eɪsəl


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪzəl

Pronunciation
,, /-eIz@l/

title: Rhymes:English/eɪzəl


text:
mid-October

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of October.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of October.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of October.

title: mid-October


text:
mid-December

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of December.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of December.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of December.

title: mid-December


text:
mid-September

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of September.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of September.

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of September.

title: mid-September


text:
mid-January

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of January.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of January.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of January.

title: mid-January


text:
mid-February

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of February.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of February.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of February.

title: mid-February


text:
mid-March

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of March.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of March.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of March.

title: mid-March


text:
mid-April

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of April.

Translations

 * French: mi-avril

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of April.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of April.

Translations

 * French:

title: mid-April


text:
mid-May

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of May.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of May.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of May.

title: mid-May


text:
mid-June

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of June.

Derived terms

 * Battle of Mid-June

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of June.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of the month of June.

title: mid-June


text:
mid-July

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of July.

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of July.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of July.

title: mid-July


text:
mid-August

Noun

 * 1) Any time in the middle of August.

Derived terms

 * Battle of Mid-August

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of August.

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of August.

title: mid-August


text:
midsummer

Etymology
From, , from , , from , from , equivalent to en. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The period around the summer solstice; about 21st June in the northern hemisphere.
 * 2) The first day of summer.
 * 3) The middle of summer.
 * 4) Midsummer Day, the English quarter day.
 * 5) A pagan holiday or Wiccan Sabbat

Translations

 * Bulgarian: лятно слънцестоене
 * Finnish: keskikesä
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: midtsommer
 * Persian:
 * Swedish: ,

 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: kesksuvi, südasuvi
 * Finnish: keskikesä
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: miðsumar
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Navajo: shį́ʼííłnííʼ
 * Northern Sami: mihcamárat
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: midtsommer
 * Polish: śródlecie
 * Romanian: mijlocul verii,
 * Spanish: pleno verano
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: yazın ortası

 * Cornish: Gòlowan, dy'Gòlowan
 * Czech: letní slunovrat
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Icelandic: miðsumarsdagur
 * Irish: Lá Fhéile Eoin, Oíche Fhéile Eoin, Oíche Fhéile Sin Seáin
 * Karelian: Iivananpäivy
 * Northern Sami: mihcamárat
 * Russian: Ива́н Купа́ла, Ива́нов день
 * Spanish: día de San Juan
 * Swedish: ,

Adjective

 * 1) Happening in the middle of summer.

Translations

 * Esperanto: somermeza
 * Finnish: keskikesäinen
 * Swedish: midsommar-

title: midsummer


text:
midwinter

Etymology
From, from , from , from , equivalent to en. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The middle of winter.
 * 2) The winter solstice; about December 21st or 22nd.
 * 1) The winter solstice; about December 21st or 22nd.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: keskitalvi
 * French: milieu de l'hiver
 * German: tiefster Winter, Mitte des Winters
 * Maori: whaturua, Maruaroa o te Takurua
 * Navajo: haiʼííłnííʼ
 * Polish: środek zimy
 * Portuguese: pleno inverno
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: середи́на зимы
 * Spanish: pleno invierno
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: canol gaeaf

 * Bulgarian: зимно слънцестоене
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Polish: przesilenie zimowe
 * Portuguese: solstício do inverno
 * Russian: зимнее солнцестоя́ние
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From, from , from. Equivalent to nl.

Noun

 * °N, °W
 * 1) winter solstice, midwinter
 * 1) winter solstice, midwinter
 * 1) winter solstice, midwinter
 * 1) winter solstice, midwinter
 * 1) winter solstice, midwinter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the middle of winter;, Christmas
 * 2) * c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday of the Lord's Advent"
 * "ang"

- Þēos tīd oþ midne winter is ġecweden Adventus Dominī, þæt is "Dryhtnes tōcyme."

Usage notes

 * In cases other than the strong nominative singular, the prefix usually becomes the adjective and is inflected: Ne bēoþ nāne wilde blostman on midne winter (“There are no wildflowers in the middle of winter”).  (“noon”),, and  work the same way.

title: midwinter


text:
mid-autumn

Noun

 * 1)  The middle of autumn.

Adjective

 * 1)  Happening in the middle of autumn.

Derived terms

 * Mid-Autumn Festival

Adverb

 * 1)  In the middle of autumn.

title: mid-autumn


text: midautumn

title: midautumn


text:
mid-spring

Alternative forms

 * spring (noun)
 * spring (noun)

Noun

 * 1) The middle of spring.

Adjective

 * 1) In the middle of spring (the season), or a spring (leap).

Adverb

 * 1) In the middle of spring (the season), or a spring (leap).

title: mid-spring


text:
mid-fall

Noun

 * 1)  The middle of fall.

Adjective

 * 1)  Happening in the middle of fall.

Adverb

 * 1)  In the middle of fall.

title: mid-fall


text: midfall

title: midfall


text:
易經

Proper noun

 * 1) I Ching

Descendants
Others:

Proper noun

 * : the I Ching

title: 易經


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪtəl

Pronunciation
-ātəl, /-eɪtəl/, /-eIt@l/

Two syllables

 * fatal
 * Gretel (US)
 * natal
 * statal

Four syllables

 * neonatal

title: Rhymes:English/eɪtəl


text:
Rhymes:English/eɪvəl

Pronunciation
-āvəl, /-eɪvəl/, /-eIv@l/

Two syllables

 * naval
 * navel

title: Rhymes:English/eɪvəl


text:
telesthesia

Noun

 * 1) extrasensory perception

title: telesthesia


text:
slovenščina

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Slovene, Slovenian (language)

Usage notes
The noun form is generally used only as the subject of a sentence. In the predicate, the adverbial form is used.

title: slovenščina


text:
downsize

Verb

 * 1)  To reduce in size or number.
 * 2)  To reduce the workforce of.
 * 3)  To terminate the employment of.
 * 1)  To reduce the workforce of.
 * 2)  To terminate the employment of.
 * 1)  To reduce the workforce of.
 * 2)  To terminate the employment of.
 * 1)  To terminate the employment of.
 * 1)  To terminate the employment of.
 * 1)  To terminate the employment of.

Translations

 * Dutch:, reorganizeren
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Swedish: skära ned

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:, reorganizeren
 * Finnish: vähentää työvoimaa
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: ダウンサイジング,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: hacer recortes de personal, hacer recortes de plantilla, reajustar la plantilla

 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: saada potkut
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian: ,

title: downsize


text:
coddle

Etymology
Probably from. Compare British dialect and.

Verb

 * 1)  To treat gently or with great care.
 * 2)  To cook slowly in hot water that is below the boiling point.
 * 3)  To exercise excessive or damaging authority in an attempt to protect. To overprotect.
 * 1)  To exercise excessive or damaging authority in an attempt to protect. To overprotect.
 * 1)  To exercise excessive or damaging authority in an attempt to protect. To overprotect.
 * 1)  To exercise excessive or damaging authority in an attempt to protect. To overprotect.

Synonyms

 * ,, , ; see also Thesaurus:pamper

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: rozmazlovat,, rozmazlit
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian:, варя на бавен огън
 * Czech: mírně povařit, lehce povařit
 * Dutch: zachtjes koken
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Romanian: fierbe la foc mic
 * Spanish: cocinar a fuego lento

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: überbehüten
 * Greek:
 * Romanian:

Noun

 * 1) An Irish dish comprising layers of roughly sliced pork sausages and bacon rashers with sliced potatoes and onions.
 * 2)  An effeminate person.

title: coddle


text:
pamper

Etymology
From, from , frequentative of , from , from , equivalent to.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, dialectal 🇨🇬, dialectal 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To treat with excessive care, attention or indulgence.
 * 2)  To feed luxuriously.
 * 3)  To put someone in pampers (a diaper).
 * 1)  To put someone in pampers (a diaper).

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:pamper

Translations

 * Afrikaans: vertroetel
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, rozmazlovat, rozmazlit
 * Danish: forkæle
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, , , ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: mōrigerō
 * Macedonian: разгалува, размазува, мази
 * Malay:
 * Maori: morimori, nānā
 * Norwegian: dulle med
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:, размазити
 * Spanish:, , malacostumbrar, , tener entre algodones,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: розпещувати, розніжувати

Etymology
From a  brand of diapers, from.

Noun

 * 1)  a diaper, a nappy

Etymology
From, from the of , a brand of diapers, from , from , from , frequentative of , from , from.

title: pamper


text:
going

Etymology
Verb form from, , , variants of , , , from , from , present participle of , , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun and adjective from, , , , equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Verb

 * 1)  Attending or visiting (a stated event, place, etc.) habitually or regularly.
 * theatre-going, church-going, movie-going
 * theatre-going, church-going, movie-going

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Polish: chodzący

Noun

 * 1) A departure.
 * 2) The suitability of ground for riding, walking etc.
 * 3) Progress.
 * 4)  Conditions for advancing in any way.
 * 5)  Course of life; behaviour; doings; ways.
 * 6)  The whereabouts (of something).
 * 7) The horizontal distance between the front of one step in a flight of stairs and the front of the next.
 * 1)  Conditions for advancing in any way.
 * 2)  Course of life; behaviour; doings; ways.
 * 3)  The whereabouts (of something).
 * 4) The horizontal distance between the front of one step in a flight of stairs and the front of the next.
 * 1)  The whereabouts (of something).
 * 2) The horizontal distance between the front of one step in a flight of stairs and the front of the next.
 * 1) The horizontal distance between the front of one step in a flight of stairs and the front of the next.

Translations

 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician: ida
 * Ingrian: mänö
 * Polish:,  ,

 * Finnish: ,
 * German:
 * Latin: itio
 * Polish:
 * Sanskrit:

 * Finnish:
 * German: Weiterkommen
 * Polish: warunki

 * Finnish:
 * Polish: sposoby

Adjective

 * 1) Likely to continue; viable.
 * He didn't want to make an unsecured loan to the business because it didn't look like a going concern.
 * 1) Current, prevailing.
 * The going rate for manual snow-shoveling is $25 an hour.
 * 1)  Available.
 * He has the easiest job going.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Polish:

 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:

 * Finnish: mitä on
 * Polish:

title: going


text:
starting

Noun

 * 1) The act of something that starts.

title: starting


text:
flying

Etymology 1
From, , , , , , , (also, , etc.), from , from , present participle of , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) That flies or can fly.
 * a flying rumour
 * 1) Brief or hurried.
 * 2) Capable of speed
 * 3)  Not secured by yards.
 * 4)  Capable of foiling.
 * 1) Capable of speed
 * 2)  Not secured by yards.
 * 3)  Capable of foiling.
 * 1)  Capable of foiling.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, voladora
 * Danish: flyvende
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πτηνός
 * Irish: eitilte
 * Italian:
 * Latin: volucer
 * Lithuanian: skraidantis
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tocharian B: salamo
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh:

 * Finnish:
 * Irish: eitleach

 * Finnish:

Etymology 2
From, , , , , , , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, ,.

Noun

 * 1)  An act of flight.
 * 2)  The action or process of sustained motion through the air.
 * 3)  The action of sustained hydrodynamic lift on hydrofoils lifting the vessel hull lifted out of the water, for sustained motion across water.
 * 1)  The action of sustained hydrodynamic lift on hydrofoils lifting the vessel hull lifted out of the water, for sustained motion across water.
 * 1)  The action of sustained hydrodynamic lift on hydrofoils lifting the vessel hull lifted out of the water, for sustained motion across water.

title: flying


text:
rancid

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Rank in taste or smell.
 * 2) Offensive.
 * 1) Offensive.

Usage notes

 * Nouns to which "rancid" often gets applied: food, butter, meat, milk, fat, oil, smell, odor, taste.

Translations

 * Bikol Central: mahalan
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ranci
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: harsk
 * Esperanto: ranca
 * Finnish: eltaantunut, ,
 * French:
 * Galician: rancio
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:, þræsinn
 * Italian:
 * Latin: rancidus
 * Malay:
 * Maori: kūtaitai
 * Norman: êventé
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: harsk
 * Nynorsk: harsk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: râncido, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: maanta
 * Ukrainian: згі́рклий, проту́хлий
 * Walloon: ,

title: rancid


text:
intelligence

Etymology
From, from , from , which is from + , or. .

Noun

 * 1)   of mind, especially to understand principles, truths, facts or meanings, acquire knowledge, and apply it to practice; the ability to comprehend and learn; the ability to process sentient experience to generate true beliefs with a justified degree of confidence.
 * 2) * 1936 Feb.,, "", :
 * ...the test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function.
 * 1)  The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.
 * 2)  An entity that has such capacities.
 * , often secret, about an enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 1)  A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 2)  ; intercourse; familiarity.
 * , often secret, about an enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 1)  A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 2)  ; intercourse; familiarity.
 * , often secret, about an enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 1)  A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 2)  ; intercourse; familiarity.
 * 1)  A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.
 * 2)  ; intercourse; familiarity.

Synonyms

 * see Thesaurus:sentient
 * See also Thesaurus:intelligence
 * See also Thesaurus:intelligence

Antonyms

 * unintelligence

Translations

 * Albanian: zbulimit
 * Arabic: ,
 * Aragonese: intelichencia
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assamese: বুদ্ধি, মন
 * Asturian: intelixencia
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: аҡыл
 * Belarusian: інтэле́кт, ро́зум
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:, , , ,
 * Catalan:, , llestesa
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: intelligens
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: arukus, intelligents, intelligentsus, nutikus, tarkus
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ჭკუა,, გონებრივი შესაძლებლობები
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σύνεσις
 * Hausa: fahami
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, अक़्ल
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: greind
 * Ido:
 * Ingrian: äly
 * Irish: meabhair, éirimiúlacht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ
 * Kashmiri: عَقٕل, بۄد, گاٹہٕ
 * Kazakh:
 * Korean:, 이해력(理解力),
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:, intelligentia
 * Latvian: saprāts, gudrība
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: интелигенција, акал, ум
 * Malay:
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: оюун ухаан
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: intelligens
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: разумъ, у̑м
 * Old East Slavic: *розумъ
 * Old English: orþanc
 * Ottoman Turkish: هوش, عقل
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Sanskrit:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: интелигѐнција, у̑м
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: inteligencia, intelekt, um, rozum
 * Slovene: inteligenca
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: katalinuhan, talino
 * Tajik: ҳӯш,, зеҳн
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:, เมธา,
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Urdu:
 * Uyghur:
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:, trí thông minh,
 * Welsh: dealltwriaeth
 * Yiddish: שׂכל
 * Zazaki: aqil, fam

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: intelligens
 * Dutch: intelligent
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: haritlane
 * German: intelligentes Leben
 * Greek:
 * Macedonian: интелиге́нција
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: интелигѐнција
 * Roman:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: akıllı yaşam

 * Arabic:
 * Azerbaijani: kəşfiyyat məlumatı
 * Belarusian: разведда́нныя
 * Bulgarian: разузна́ване
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: efterretninger
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: luureandmed
 * Finnish: tiedustelutieto
 * French:
 * Georgian: დაზვერვა, სადაზვერვო მონაცემები
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi: आसूचना
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: ꦮꦱꦮꦶꦢꦾ
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: разузнавање
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: etterretning
 * Nynorsk: etterretning
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, разве́дывательные да́нные,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pamalay
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: розвідда́ні

 * Afrikaans: intelligensie
 * Arabic: جِهَاز الْمُخَابَرَات
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: kəşfiyyat
 * Basque: inteligentzia
 * Belarusian:, выве́дка
 * Bulgarian: разузна́ване
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 情報機構
 * Czech: zpravodajská služba, rozvědka
 * Danish: efterretningstjeneste
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: luure
 * Faroese: fregnartænasta
 * Finnish: sotilastiedustelu
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სადაზვერვო სამსახური, დაზვერვის ორგანო
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: υπηρεσία πληροφοριών
 * Hebrew: אגף המודיעין
 * Hindi: आसूचना
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: 情報機関
 * Kazakh: барлау
 * Korean: 정보기관(情報機關)
 * Kyrgyz: разведка
 * Macedonian: разузна́вачка слу́жба
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: обавештајна служба, обавјештајна служба
 * Roman: obaveštajna služba, obavještajna služba
 * Slovak: spravodajská služba, rozviedka
 * Slovene: obveščevalna služba
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pamalayan
 * Tajik: разведка
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: razwedka
 * Ukrainian: ро́звідка, розві́дка
 * Uyghur: رازۋېدكا
 * Uzbek:

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ; cleverness
 * 2) comprehension
 * 1) comprehension

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) a political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) comprehension

Noun

 * 1) intelligence
 * 2) comprehension

Noun

 * 1) comprehension
 * 2) meaning
 * 3) ability to comprehend

title: intelligence


text:
words

Noun

 * Words have a longer life than deeds. — (translated)
 * Words have a longer life than deeds. — (translated)

Noun

 * 1)  Angry debate or conversation; argument.
 * After she found out the truth, she had words with him, to tell him how she felt.
 * 1) Lines in a script for a performance.
 * You better get your words memorised before rehearsal next Saturday.
 * 1) Lyrics.
 * The composer set the words to music.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Russian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, vuorosanat
 * Russian: ,

title: words


text:
undefined

Adjective

 * 1) Lacking a definition or value.
 * 2)  That does not have a meaning and is thus not assigned an interpretation.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:indistinct or Thesaurus:vague

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 未定義
 * Czech: nedefinovaný
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: niezdefiniowany,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

title: undefined


text:
wondering

Noun

 * 1) The mental activity by which one wonders; a query, puzzlement, etc.

Adjective

 * 1) Full of questioning and consideration.

title: wondering


text: entries

title: entries


text:
indices

Noun

 * The subscript numbers after each element are the indices of that element.
 * A common convention in computing is to have indices beginning at zero, whereas in mathematics indices usually begin at one.
 * 1) * 1972, American Society for Metals, Materials Science and Engineering, volumes 9–10, page 67 (Elsevier Sequoia)
 * To locate any term, and to facilitate use of the dictionary by a national of any of the three languages, alphabetical indices are appended in English, French and German.
 * 1) * 1989, TAPPI Journal, volume 72, page 204 (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)
 * Alphabetical indices of the terms in the other languages are given at the end of the book.
 * 1) * 1999, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Saint-Petersburg Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Manuscripta Orientalia: International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research, volume 5, page 71 (THESA)
 * The dictionary’s four indices are helpful when searching terms. These are: Hanyu Pinyin System Index; Four-Corner System Index; Radical Index; and Japanese Reading System Index.
 * 1) * 2000, Russian Language Journal, volume 54, issues 177–179, page 295 (Michigan State University, Department of German & Russian)
 * Its word indices makes [sic] finding individual words easy.
 * 1) * 2000, Russian Language Journal, volume 54, issues 177–179, page 295 (Michigan State University, Department of German & Russian)
 * Its word indices makes [sic] finding individual words easy.

Usage notes

 * Both plurals indices and indexes are in common use. The OED claims that when referring to a directory listing, the plural indexes should be used.

Etymology 1
Inflected form of.

Etymology 2
Form of the verb.

Etymology 3
Form of the verb.

title: indices


text:
commonly

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) As a rule; frequently; usually.
 * 2)  In common; familiarly.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:usually

Translations

 * Arabic: غالبا,عَادَةً,عُمُومًا
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: ғәҙәттә
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 通常, 普遍
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: kutime, komune
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ხშირად, ჩვეულებრივ, როგორც წესი
 * German:
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Marathi: सर्वसाधारणपणे, सामान्यपणे, सामान्यतः
 * Norman: commeunement
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scots: commonly
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) Commonly.

title: commonly


text:
copying

Noun

 * 1)  an instance of the making of a copy
 * 2)  the practice of making one or more copies

Translations

 * Odia: ଉତ୍ତାରିବା,,,
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:

 * Danish: kopiering
 * Greek:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:

 * French: ,
 * Hebrew:

title: copying


text:
Talk:chav

Etymology discussion
I have updated the etymology section, the word originated in Dartford in Kent around 1974 and is based on the Irish (mis)pronunciation of the word 'achieve', this spread through the unlikely phrase 'Mon Caka CHAVy Dick Aye' which was an 'in joke' on gypsy culture by working class people in North Kent. Unlikely as it may sound there are many people that remember this, and its transition to the noun 'Chav'.

The words journey to popular culture is amusing as are some of the theories that have sprung up surrounding it's origin.

The etymology is unclear, but the word probably has Romany origins – compare Romany chavo ‘male child’, chavi ‘female child’, chal ‘boy’, chavvy ‘mate, friend’. It thus may be related to charva (from Romany charver ‘prostitute’), and Spanish chaval (which does not have pejorative connotations). It seems to have originated in the south-east and may represent a development of, or influence from, certain towns names including Chatham (which has a Romany community), Cheltenham or Chaddesden. More doubtful theories include the notion that it comes from Nigerian-London slang chaff ‘lower-class person’. As the word became more widespread, a variety of backronyms have also been suggested (Council Housed And Violent, Council House Associated Vermin, etc.), all equally unsubstantiated

In the north east of England young people have been using the word "chava" to describe such a person. I have heard its use may go back to early 20th century, but have absolutely no clear evidence for this. I have been trying to introduce the female version "chavette", but I think it probaly takes more than one middle-aged woman to spread a new word!

 * Is the definition "(British, derogatory) Commonly believed to have origins as a slang term used to describe Chatham girls in England." really another theory regarding the etymology? If so, it should be moved to the Etymology section. — Paul G 16:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It does appear that way. I've moved it. See what you think. Uncle G 10:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent - great job! — Paul G 15:15, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm interested in comments on my hypothesis that chav comes from the Hebrew word Chaverim, meaning 'kids', and comes into working-class London usage through the East-End Jewish mobs, who shared the affection for vulgar and extravagant ostentation in dress and jewellry that is part of the modern chav categorization.
 * This is far more convincing than the more frequently-heard etymologies. I'm pretty accustomed to hearing the Hebrew word 'Charver' in the sense of 'comrade'--perhaps, given how popular chav has become with the publishing /media complex as a way of bashing the poor, people don't want to remember its Jewish roots. A simple Google search for 'Charver' should suffice to show how established it is as a comradely Jewish greeting.

The gipsy explanation is mainly correct, but you use contrary male where female and female where male has to be.--Janosch Wisser 00:40, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Spanish "chavo" isn't pejorative, but "chavo banda" is -- could this be related? --Nametag 08:01, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Also used in the Sham 69 song Hersham Boys in 1979, but as Chavy--

 * In the Polish Romany, ciawa (pronounced chavah) is the name for a man of Gypsy blood, as opposed to others, non-Gypsies... If you are a Gypsy, you just call yourself ciawa.

During my school years in South West England in the early 1990s we used the word trev instead of chav. I remember chav slowly taking over nearing 2000. I'd not even heard the word chav up till that point. I had always assumed they were related given the similar ending. Not exactly a strong argument but it seemed worth adding. 03:01, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

I come from a lower class working family with gypsy roots from Chatham, Kent. The word "chavies" has been used by grandparents and aunties since I can remember going back to the 80s. It has always been used as a derogatory way to describe children, often being used against other people's children and not your own. An example I remember an aunt using around 1990 - "I aint brought up no chavvies". For someone else to describe your children as a chavvy would have been extremely offensive, could even cause a fight. My mother and aunt stopped speaking for a few years because of such an argument about each others' "chavvies". My grandmother has confirmed this has been the case since she was young. Speaking to my younger aunts and uncles, there was a point for them during the 70s and 80s, that the word seemed to be reclaimed by teenagers and young adults (mostly male) as a sort of term of endearment, similar in the way the word "Nigger" has evolved in the US. The term Chavvy for many has the same meaning as friend or mate. "Alright my chavvy boy", "Oi Chavvy" were common ways men in my family or their friends would greet each other but you never would hear this used by anyone middle/lower middle class to refer to each other. You'd rarely hear women in my family using this in such a way either. I went to a Grammar School growing up in the late 90s, early 2000s so I had a unique perspective seeing how the word was used locally by middle class to describe the lower/working class and then how it entered pop culture. The reason why this form of derogatory way of using the term chav is because you'd hear the kinds of people like the men in my family calling each other chavvy so much and so the middle class simple used it as a way to describe those kinds of men and their female relatives. "Pikey" and "Chav" are almost synonymous in their meaning locally when used in this way except "Pikey" being a stronger form. Then once a few national newspaper articles and a website called "Chatham Girls" appeared around the 2000s, the derogatory way to describe lower working class "Chavs" spread further around the UK and entered pop culture to where it is now.

Biblical phrase "to separate the wheat from the chaff" from Matthew 3:12, used as an expression to sort the valuable from the worthless, could be where the term "Chav" is derived through rapid or casual speech resulting in "ff" morphing to "v" - used in a derogatory fashion to refer to those of a certain lower class as worthless.

Pronunciation
How about pronunciation? Dictionaries need pronunciation guides, and I've no idea how to say this word! 69.214.187.105

Yo geez, da word is pronounced chAv [cháv - said as if french]

I do know how to pronounce it but looking at the pronunciation section on the page doesn't give me the least bit of a clue. If I didn't know, that IPA and SAMPA thing wouldn't help in the slightest.

Chaval
It may be relevant to note that in Spanish the word chaval means youngster. According to the Spanish Academy this is from the "caló" (the Roma spoken by Spanish gypsies) word for boy.

This might reinforce the theory that "chav" comes from Roma.

moved from Etymology

 * In modern Spanish the word chaval is translated as lad. Chavala is girl or lass.  This word is in common usage in Spain.

 * --Williamsayers79 10:32, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Spanish translation
i've changed the spanish translation from 'paleto' which means 'country bumpkin' (cfr. french 'plouc') to 'malote' which is the name of a similiarly dressed urban tribe in galiza at least. it may only be local 193.147.82.16 15:16, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Backronyms
Is it really accurate, or meaningfull to say that "Others state is that it is one of several abbreviations"...I doubt that anyone with any sort of intelligence really has the naïvety to actually believe that that is the etymologically of the word (along with a myriad of other silly backronyms.) Of course surely there's some teenager somewhere who heard from a friend that this is what chav stands for, and believes it, but it's hardly the kind of thing youl'd stick in a dictionary... 194.125.71.153 02:18, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * If you are looking for absolute etymologies only, then you are going to miss a lot of the value of the popular words. Many words have diffrent meanings. These sometimes grow up over time as people use the word in different ways, perhaps mistakenly at first. Something similar happens with the belief of where a word comes from. Hey, if the word is used in a TV episode or appears in a book you can quote it as a source. But where did they get it from ? Who can say. One theory is as good as another with these fast spreading popular words.--Richardb 00:45, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I've heard before that the word chav comes from "council house and violent" etc. It should entered in the article that folk etymological bachronyms of this kind do exist.
 * What is the benefit of that? Equinox ◑ 17:42, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

Is the "definition" right, tight enough ?
Is it a matter of poor taste, or cheap taste ? populist taste ? Is a chav attempting to be fashionable or well dressed, or are they dressing down. Ive checked the Wikipedia definition at chav, and that has more focus on the fashion, bling, etc. If we do change the definition, it needs changing at WikiSaurus:chav too. --Richardb 00:45, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

The definition is simply wrong. A "chav" is someone whose lifestyle, clothing, mannerisms and/or speech are perceived as common or vulgar. I have heard perfectly nice, reasonably well-educated girls of middle-class background from Medway in Kent refer to themselves self-deprecatingly as "chavs" because (without affectation or pretension) they speak and act "common". There may be an association between "chavs" and violence/aggression and youth, but it is not a defining quality of a chav. Nor need a chav be young, whatever the connection between the word chav and the Romany "chavi" may be. Anyone who wears fake clothing of a certain well-known brand could easily be fingered as a "chav" and their clothing as "chavvy", even if they are well above pensionable age.

--MattWest

 * I would say that chavs have a vulgar culture, they can be nasty, violent or aggressive but to label them as merely "common" underlies a snobbery prevalent in the middle-classes who look down on everyone below them.--Williamsayers79 07:13, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

The best way to refer to the term chav, would be more as a mood, or attitude, as opposed to a young person, for example if you see someone in the street in a tracksuit smoking, they wouldnt be a chav. However if you meet some1 wearing tracksuit, football shirt, or other similar style, with a cap, shouting swearing, starting fights, drinking and vandalising, then they can be refered to as a chav. so rather than refering to them as a group, refer to chav as an attitude

To steal
I was looking back through newsgroups to find the earliest occurence of chav and found several references where it is used to mean 'steal' see alt.tv.red-dwarf on Jul 12 1996 and [http://groups.google.co.uk/group/alt.music.u2/browse_frm/thread/523b91f75d1351b7/e6d4812523d03214? alt.music.u2 Jul 12 1997]Pontificake 14:56, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is true. The word is becoming increasingly used as a verb - "That guy chavved my food" for example.
 * In my experience it meant "steal" long before it came to be used as a noun... (i'm from edinburgh btw) --144.32.128.155 00:36, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think they might have meant chored - which means to steal and is a lending from Romany language much the same as charver/chav are.--Williamsayers79 08:04, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * From personal experience "chavved" and "chored" were interchangeable and I became aware of them at the same time in the early/mid 1980's in my corner of South-East England at least, an area which also has a high concentration of settled traveller families.
 * I originally come from Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK. When I was growing up, chav meant the same as "steal". I never heard it used in the more recent usage till at least early 2000's. So, yes, the original author of this section is correct. I'd also point out that it was the late 1970's/early 1980's when I went to school, that I first heard the term (parents were both born elsewhere and didn't speak with Portsmouth accent/dialect.) There are probably quite a lot of Romany influences in Pompey, because we also use a few other words like dinlo/dinny (stupid) and mush (generic term for person) that supposedly come from Romany. It's also been implied that a lot of our dialect words come from the Dockers that migrated to Portsmouth from London in the late 19th/early 20th century. We certainly have an accent that sounds a lot like Cockney mixed with something else. (No, not imported Estuary English, as people in their 90's have the same accent.) Memsom 12:35, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Alwo worth noting that if you spell "chore" as "chaw", then the difference between "chav" and "chaw" is greatly diminished. It's then down to phonetics and the W versus V pronounciation. Memsom 12:41, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

Regarding the earliest occurence of the word chav, I heard a program on radio 3, and there were all sorts of people saying that they'd used it 10 years ago, 15 years ago blah blah blah. In Somerset when I was younger (around 1994-6 i suppose) we used to use the word 'chavver' just to mean 'mate,' as in 'you're a dinlo, chavver,' meaning 'you're stupid, mate.' Regarding the developing usage of the word 'chav' as a verb to mean steal, this seems to be common with words referring to a stereotypical member of a lower class, in particular two derogatory terms for gypsies, 'jippo' and 'pikey,' are now often used as slang for steal or similar, as in 'he jipped off with my bag,' 'they pikied all our beer.'

I grew up in Dartford, Kent in the 70's/early 80's (lots of Gypsy kids in our school) and we used the word chav extensively to mean "borrow without the intention of giving back" e.g. "he chavved half me sweets/fags the chavving b*****d". I remember some people using the word "chored" instead of chavved occasionally, but it didnt really work wiv our saafeast accent. Richtea212 20:17, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Growing up in West Kent in the nineties/noughties, I heard "chav" in this sense as a verb before the current common usage. For the noun, people said pikey/pikie (which is a bit stronger than chav). A friend's father who grew up in Chatham in the sixties said that it was used as a verb to mean steal and the past tense was "chaw". 129.234.93.51 13:44, 18 February 2013 (UTC)]]

Definition of "Chav"
Where I live, 'chav' has a very different meaning to the primary definition published here. The primary definition for a chav here is what would be refered to as a 'gangsta' over here. I'm not sure which definition is more widespread, and if we should swap the definitions round.

Chris758 19:33, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

And from where i live, Chav (or charver) is a word used by gypsies for child. As for Gangsta, thats what chavs like to call themselves, in reference to the gangsters of New York as an example because some of the time they are involved with drugs, and violence, and with the well known 'cool' outlook of the mafia, they like to think they are similar ... which they probably are up untill the dress sence and language.

chav
In the supposedly "friendly" sense of someone who has good taste in clothing and knows how to talk to young people - is this a deliberate NPOV attempt to counter the derogatory definition, or is it actually used in this way (perhaps as a form of reclaiming the word)? — Paul G 09:02, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I have never come across an non-derogatory or non-pejorative use of the word chav. It is an insult and I'd find it hard to believe (with out any proof) that it is used in a positve way.--Williamsayers79 07:36, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

This definition is nonsense. Chav has been employed as a form of address in a non pejorative way amongst young men in Kent who could themselves be described as 'chavs'. However the word chav refers to youth not someone who can speak to them! User:Apollonius

remove Can we fix this now, no one seems to know where this daft sense came from, probably a chav!--Williamsayers79 09:36, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Agree that this usage in nonsense. Occasionaly someone who perceives that they are considered 'chav' will claim to be proud of the fact, but not by altering the sense of the word as suggested. Moglex 08:15, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I have removed the sense from the article to the take page until someone can come up with any real support for it.--Williamsayers79 08:58, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
Discussion moved here --Williamsayers79 08:45, 21 January 2007 (UTC):
 * ok, what is it about the chav? why do they all look the same, seriously just check out some other stores. theres more to life than jjb sports, maybe its because all your mates pretend to work there and give u five finger discounts. whats up with livin with your mum and sharing a bed with your bro and sis til your 32. the dole is not pocket money! no matter what your parents told you. so get fucked chav. and sort your wheels out, you know that spoiler looks crap! and get yourself and upgrade, fiestas just wont cut it these days.

Discussion
The Irish Times Article link no longer works. The article "The Chavs are Coming" is now found here: http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/motors/2005/0323/1110799551266.html

"Chavo"
Chav, if it come from Gypsy, has interestinge sense in English. In Slovakia Gypsies use this word for a boy. Anyhow, in Slovak slang "chavo" is sometimes used for "a cool boy". But boy on caricature can be interprated as the cool boy by some group of peoples. It is never used for formally or dourly dressed one. So, the boy having special way of dressing can be in Slovakia called "chavo" but it is not offensive or ridiculous term. Rather it is positive equivalent for "boy", of course used only by sameone who is "chav" in English sense of this word. But due to some misundrstending the sense of word can be changed.

Dizzee Rascal quote
is from 2002. Plz add. Can't as am n00b Candle-holding servant (talk) 09:30, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Please add second German translation
As an anon, I can't edit at the moment. Besides "Asi" another German equivalent is. 92.73.31.52 20:34, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:chav


text:
वली

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) master, lord, protector, guardian
 * 2)  saint
 * 1)  saint

Noun

 * 1) fold of the skin; wrinkle
 * 2) wave

title: वली


text:
belly button

Noun

 * 1)  The navel.

title: belly button


text: belly-button

title: belly-button


text:
articles

Noun

 * 1)  Breeches; coat and waistcoat.
 * 2)  the period during which a person works as an articled clerk; articling

Translations

 * Polish:, aplikantura

title: articles


text:
Ares

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.

Translations

 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܐܪܝܣ
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: Арес
 * Catalan: Ares
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Coptic: ⲁⲣⲏⲥ
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Ares
 * Dutch: Ares
 * Esperanto: Areso
 * Finnish: Ares
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: არესი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: Ἄρης
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: Arész
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: アレース
 * Korean:
 * Latin: Arēs
 * Lithuanian: Arėjas
 * Norwegian: Ares
 * Old Church Slavonic: Арисъ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Ares
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ареј, А̑рес
 * Roman: Arej,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: Ares
 * Swahili: Aresi
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Арес

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ares (Greek god of war)

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , Mars in Greek or literary contexts

Etymology
From.

Etymology
, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)   god of war

Etymology
, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)   god of war

Etymology
, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)   the god of war

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ares

title: Ares


text:
Jove

Etymology
From, from , from , ablative case of , from. .

Proper noun

 * 1)  Jupiter, god of the sky.
 * 2)  Jupiter
 * 3)  Tin.
 * 1)  Tin.

Translations

 * French:

title: Jove


text:
Iupiter

Proper noun

 * 1)  and earlier form of the word

title: Iupiter


text:
pantheon

Etymology
From, c. 1300.

Noun

 * 1) A temple dedicated to all the gods.
 * 2)  All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.
 * 3)  A category or classification denoting the most honored persons of a group.

Translations

 * Arabic: بَانْثِيُون
 * Hijazi Arabic: بانثيون
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: pantheon
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Lithuanian:
 * Norwegian: panteon
 * Nynorsk: panteon
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Greek: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Greek: ,
 * Polish:

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) pantheon the gods of a religion as a group
 * 2) pantheon temple or monument

title: pantheon


text:
dios

Etymology
From.

Interjection

 * 1) God! oh my God!

Noun

 * 1) god

Etymology
, ultimately from. , which came from the accusative form.

Noun

 * 1) god, deity
 * 2) * c. 1200, Almeric, , f. 50r. a.
 * "osp"

- Señor dios de iſrꝉ no a tal / dios en los cielos cuemo tu nĩ de yuſo en la tierra […]

Proper noun

 * 1) God, the Judeo-Christian god
 * 2) * c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. a.
 * "osp"

- [R] / emont por la gracia de dios. arço / biſpo de Toledo. a don alemeric. arçi / diano de antiochia […]

 * 1) * Idem, f. 1r. b.
 * "osp"

- El to clerigo almerich. a / Rçidiano de antiochẏa. rẽde gr̃as / adios & atẏ.

Alternative forms

 * dio

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) god

Etymology
(cf. 🇨🇬), from, from , from , from , from.

The form is unusual in that it was derived from the Latin nominative instead of the accusative. This is probably due to the frequent use of the vocative, for which the nominative form was used in Vulgar Latin. There are similar examples in Old French and Old Occitan, where the word for God may appear in the nominative form regardless of its syntactic function, and in Middle French the forms and  were used alongside each other. Compare also personal names like the,. Alternatively, or additionally, the word may have been influenced by.

Noun

 * 1) god

title: dios


text:
Iehova

Etymology
Traditional reading of the Biblical, based on the found in the Masoretic text (ca. 7th to 10th century). Attested in print from at least 1514, but used in the 15th century (by Nicholas of Cusa, d. 1464.). The transcription has earlier (medieval, and even ancient) origins; found as Johouah (and variants) in Raymond Martin (1278). The Greek equivalent ΙΕΗΩΟΥΑ is found even in Late Antiquity, in the Pistis Sophia (perhaps a 2nd century text, extant in 5th or 6th century manuscripts).

Proper noun

 * 1) Jehovah

title: Iehova


text:
mato

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hammer

Noun

 * 1) cassava dough (resulted from grating and washing the cassava).

Etymology
From, , , from , from or  (compare 🇨🇬). Additional cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mat

Etymology
From, probably an old loan from an language.

Noun

 * 1) worm animal
 * 2)  maggot soft, legless larva
 * 3)  maggot worthless person
 * 4)  tilde
 * 5)  worm a type of malware that spreads between computers autonomously, i.e. without user intervention
 * 1)  worm a type of malware that spreads between computers autonomously, i.e. without user intervention

Etymology 1
From a language. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) uncultivated land; woodland; heath
 * 2) brushwood

Noun

 * , of straw or other materials

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) snake
 * 2)  worm
 * 1)  worm

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  worm

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) eye

Etymology

 * , ultimately from, '
 * Compare with 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) car

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  forest; bush; jungle; woods uncultivated area covered in wild plants
 * 2)  wild grass, weeds and other low-lying plants
 * 1)  wild grass, weeds and other low-lying plants

Noun

 * 1) proverb, adage

Noun

 * 1) bushes

Etymology 2
From

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬

Adjective

 * 1) crazy, mad
 * 2) fake, abnormal

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  wild grass, weeds and other low-lying plants

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) snake

Etymology
Possibly from.

Verb

 * 1)  to be old (of people)

title: mato


text:
神風

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) kamikaze

Verb

 * 1) to kamikaze

Etymology 1
→

Shift from kamukaze (see below).

Noun

 * 1) a divine wind
 * 2) a kamikaze, a suicide pilot in World War Two
 * 3)  a reckless and dangerous action
 * 4) the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see

Usage notes
This kamikaze spelling is also the ultimate source of 🇨🇬, but by a circuitous route. The characters appear in, the name of airborne kamikaze units surely named after the typhoon but using the on'yomi or Sino-Japanese reading shinpū (see below). The kamikaze reading was used informally in the Japanese media at the time, and this made its way into English. For more, see

The Japanese term for referring to the WWII suicide pilots is the abbreviated form.

Derived terms

 * : a kamikaze taxi, a taxi driven recklessly fast
 * : an epithet alluding to
 * : an epithet alluding to

Etymology 2
From. Found in the , completed some time after 759 CE.

Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  a divine wind
 * 2)  the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see

Derived terms

 * : an epithet alluding to
 * : an epithet alluding to

Etymology 3
→

From. Shift from earlier kamukaze (see above).

Noun

 * 1)  a divine wind
 * 2)  the typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the late 1200s: see

Etymology 4
From.

Noun

 * 1) a divine wind

Derived terms

 * : the Shinpūren or “Divine Wind League”, an association of ex-samurai committed to the violent undoing of the : see
 * : “Divine Wind” special attack unit (airborne kamikaze unit)

title: 神風


text:
الأحد

Etymology
..

Proper noun

 * 1) Sunday

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sunday

title: الأحد


text:
Sondag

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Sunday

title: Sondag


text:
Satan

Etymology
Ultimately from. Named by ichthyologist, who had a predilection for using references to Hell in the naming of cave fish. Compare, another cave fish named by Hubbs.

Hyponyms

 * (widemouth blindcat) - sole known species

Etymology
From, , from , from , from , from. .

Proper noun

 * 1)  The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil;  the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.
 * 2)  The personification or symbol of pride, carnality, and liberty.
 * 3) A person or animal regarded as particularly malignant, detestable, or evil;
 * 1)  The personification or symbol of pride, carnality, and liberty.
 * 2) A person or animal regarded as particularly malignant, detestable, or evil;
 * 1)  The personification or symbol of pride, carnality, and liberty.
 * 2) A person or animal regarded as particularly malignant, detestable, or evil;
 * 1)  The personification or symbol of pride, carnality, and liberty.
 * 2) A person or animal regarded as particularly malignant, detestable, or evil;
 * 1)  The personification or symbol of pride, carnality, and liberty.
 * 2) A person or animal regarded as particularly malignant, detestable, or evil;

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Satan
 * Aghwan: 𐕚𐔰𐕜𐔰𐕎𐔰𐔺
 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic: الشَّيْطَان, إِبْلِيس
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܣܛܢܐ
 * Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סָטָנָא
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: սատանայ
 * Aromanian: sãtãnã
 * Assamese: চৈতান
 * Azerbaijani: Şеytаn
 * Bashkir: шайтан
 * Basque: Satan
 * Belarusian: Сатана́, сатана́
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: Сатана́,
 * Burmese: စာတန်
 * Catalan: Satanàs
 * Chechen: шайтӏа
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 撒但, 撒旦, 撒殫
 * Hakka: 撒但, 撒旦
 * Hokkien: 撒但, 撒旦, Sa-tán
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Chuvash: Шуйтан
 * Crimean Tatar: шейтан
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, Fanden
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: Saatan
 * Faroese: Sátan
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: Satane
 * Galician: Satanás, Satán
 * Georgian: სატანა
 * German: (der) ,
 * Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰, 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Σατάν, Σατᾶν, Σατανᾶς
 * Greenlandic: Ajortorsuaq, Saatani
 * Guaraní: Tau, Aña, Satana
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Satan
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: Satan
 * Irish: Sátan, An tAinspiorad
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kalmyk: шулм, чөткр
 * Kapampangan: Satanas
 * Kazakh: сайтан, шайтан
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: شەیتان
 * Laki:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Southern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຊາຕານ
 * Latin:, Satan, Satanas
 * Latvian: Sātans
 * Lithuanian: Šėtonas
 * Malay: Syaitan
 * Maltese: Satana, xitan
 * Maori: Hātana
 * Marathi: सैतान
 * Navajo: Séítan, Biʼiiníziinii, Níłchʼi Bidaʼiiníziinii Binantʼaʼí
 * Norman: Lé Dgiâbl'ye, Satan
 * Northern Sami: Sáhtán
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan: Satan
 * Old Church Slavonic: Сатана
 * Old Occitan: Diable
 * Old Portuguese: demo, satanas, Locifer
 * Old Tupi: Anhanga, Îurupari
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian: ,
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Soton
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, Satã
 * Punjabi:
 * Romanian: Satan,, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Сатана, Сото̀на, Шејтан
 * Roman:, , Šejtan
 * Shughni: شەێتان
 * Silesian: Szatan
 * Sinhalese: සාතන්
 * Slovak: Satan
 * Slovene: Satan
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: Shetani, Ibilisi
 * Swedish:
 * Sylheti: ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu: షైతాన్
 * Thai: ซาตาน
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: şeýtan
 * Udmurt: шайтан
 * Ukrainian: Сатана́, сатана́
 * Urdu: شَیطان,
 * Urum: Шейтан
 * Uyghur: شەيتان
 * Uzbek:
 * Veps: Soton
 * Vietnamese: Satan
 * Volapük: Satanas, Satän
 * White Hmong: Ntxwg-nyoog, Dab Ntxwg-nyoog
 * Xhosa: USathane
 * Yiddish: שׂטן, סאָטן
 * Zazaki: Şeytan

Noun

 * 1)  A demon follower of Satan (principal evil spirit); a fallen angel.
 * 2) * 2007, Abdullah Yusuf Ali (translator), M. A. H. Eliyasee (Roman script transliteration), Osman Taha (Arabic script), The Qur′an, II, 102,[in other editions, 96] page 15,
 * They followed what the Satans recited over Solomon′s Kingdom. Solomon did not disbelieve but Satans disbelieved, teaching men magic, and such things as came down at Babylon to the angels Hārūt and Mārūt.
 * They followed what the Satans recited over Solomon′s Kingdom. Solomon did not disbelieve but Satans disbelieved, teaching men magic, and such things as came down at Babylon to the angels Hārūt and Mārūt.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: (ein) ,
 * Latin:, satan, satanas

Etymology
Ultimately from, from , from.

Proper noun

 * , the Devil

Noun

 * 1)  Satan, the Devil
 * 2) a satan, a devil

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Satan, the Devil

Proper noun

 * 1) the devil

Usage notes
Traditionally not capitalized. See.

title: Satan


text:
slanderer

Noun

 * 1) One who slanders or defames the name or reputation of another person.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kalumnianto, kalumniulo
 * French: ,
 * German: Verleumder, Verleumderin
 * Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌰
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: διάβολος
 * Hebrew: מלשין
 * Ingrian: kräntsi
 * Macedonian: клеветник
 * Polish:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Welsh: athrodwr

title: slanderer


text:
staal

Etymology
From, from , from , from earlier , from.

Noun

 * 1)  alloy of iron and other elements, often carbon

Etymology 1
From, from , from earlier , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
From, from , from , , from. See also.

Noun

 * 1) sample

title: staal


text:
raconteur

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A storyteller, especially a person noted for telling stories with skill and wit.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: historiefortæller
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Anekdotenerzähler
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Macedonian: раска́жувач, раскажу́вачка
 * Polish:, gawędziarka
 * Portuguese: contador (de casos/histórias/contos)
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: narrador

Verb

 * 1) To make witty remarks or stories.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Russian: расска́зывать исто́рии

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) storyteller, narrator

title: raconteur


text:
gustus

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with.

Noun

 * 1) taste

Descendants

 * Eastern Romance
 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * West Iberian
 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * West Iberian
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * West Iberian
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * West Iberian
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian

 * Borrowings

title: gustus


text:
koolstof

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) carbon

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1)  carbon

title: koolstof


text:
Sherlock Holmes

Proper noun

 * 1) A series of novels by Arthur Conan Doyle about a consulting detective with keen observational awareness, astute logical reasoning and professional forensic skills; also related media based on the books, such as movies.
 * 2) The fictional detective who is the protagonist of the series.
 * 3)  Any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.
 * 1)  Any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.

Synonyms

 * (person with great powers of deduction): Sherlock, Holmes

Translations

 * Amharic: ሼርሎክ ሆልምዝ
 * Arabic: شرلوك هولمز
 * Armenian: Շերլոք Հոլմս
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 歇洛克·福爾摩斯, 夏洛克·福爾摩斯
 * Danish: Sherlock Holmes
 * Esperanto: Ŝerloko Holmso
 * Greek: Σέρλοκ Χολμς
 * Hebrew: שרלוק הולמס
 * Indonesian: Sherlock Holmes
 * Japanese: シャーロック・ホームズ
 * Korean: ^셜록 ^홈즈
 * Macedonian: Шерлок Холмс
 * Polish: Sherlock Holmes
 * Portuguese: Sherlock Holmes
 * Russian: Ше́рлок Холмс

 * Danish: Sherlock Holmes
 * Indonesian: Sherlock Holmes
 * Polish: Sherlock Holmes,
 * Portuguese: Sherlock Holmes
 * Russian: Ше́рлок Холмс

title: Sherlock Holmes


text:
Marian

Etymology 1
A variant of Marion, a medieval derivation of Mary, often also interpreted as a contraction of Mary and Ann, or as a variant of Mariana.

Proper noun

 * : Act III, Scene III:
 * There's no more faith in thee than in a steward prune, nor no more truth in thee than in a drawn fox; and for womanhood, Maid Marian may be the deputy's wife of the ward to thee.
 * There's no more faith in thee than in a steward prune, nor no more truth in thee than in a drawn fox; and for womanhood, Maid Marian may be the deputy's wife of the ward to thee.

Translations

 * Esperanto: Marianna
 * French:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: מריאן
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: マリアン
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Portuguese:

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.
 * a Marian apparition
 * Marian devotions
 * 1) Of or relating to.
 * 2) Of or relating to.
 * 1) Of or relating to.
 * 1) Of or relating to.
 * 1) Of or relating to.
 * 1) Of or relating to.

Translations

 * Catalan: marià
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: mariansk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, marista
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: mariansk

Noun

 * 1)  One of the Scots who remained loyal to  in the disputes following her deposition.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to, Ancient Roman general and statesman.
 * Marian reform

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the Mari people.
 * the famous Marian diviner, Asqudum

Etymology
, derivative of.

Etymology
, derivative of.

title: Marian


text:
siroop

Etymology
From, from , from , , from , from. Related to,. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * , especialy an inviscid variety
 * 1) A soft drink made from a fruit-based concentrate diluted with water; squash
 * 2) The concentrate from which said soft drink is made

title: siroop


text:
Anne

Etymology 1
From, from chiefly in reference to  the apocryphal mother of Mary mother of Jesus but appearing in the Vulgate in reference to , from  in the New Testament, from , from. Occasionally reborrowed from languages who adopted the name from English. Very infrequently from abbreviation of  instead. . Compare.

Proper noun

 * 1) * 1380s-1390s, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale:
 * Immortal God, that savedest Susanne / From false blame; and thou merciful maid, / Mary I mean, the daughter to Saint Anne, /Before whose child the angels sing Osanne,
 * Immortal God, that savedest Susanne / From false blame; and thou merciful maid, / Mary I mean, the daughter to Saint Anne, /Before whose child the angels sing Osanne,

Usage notes

 * The popularity of the name originates in the medieval cult of Saint Anne, the apocryphal mother of the Virgin Mary.

Etymology 2
A shortened form of any of various Germanic masculine names which began with arn (eagle), such as Arnold.

Proper noun

 * , see

Etymology
Medieval Danish variant of.

Usage notes

 * A popular first part of compound names such as Anne-Lise and Anne-Marie.

Etymology 1
Variant of.

Etymology 2
Borrowed from, variant of.

Etymology
A 20th-century variant of.

Proper noun

 * 1) Hannah biblical figure
 * 2) Anna, the prophetess biblical figure
 * 1) Hannah biblical figure
 * 2) Anna, the prophetess biblical figure

Related terms

 * popular double names:, , , Audrey-Anne, Anne-Andrée, Marie-Anne, Andrée-Anne, Anne-Caroline, Anne-Catherine, etc.
 * popular double names:, , , Audrey-Anne, Anne-Andrée, Marie-Anne, Andrée-Anne, Anne-Caroline, Anne-Catherine, etc.

Etymology 1
From, from. Possibly reinforced by.

Etymology 2
From. Clipping of.

Etymology
Pronunciations with final schwa are reinforced by. Ultimately from.

Etymology
Norwegian variant of, first recorded in Norway in the 15th century.

Usage notes

 * The most common given name of women born in Norway from the 1940s to the 1970s.

Etymology 1
From. First recorded as a given name of Swedes in 1773.

Usage notes

 * Common first part of conjoined names like Anne-Marie (originally copied from French)

Etymology 2
From Anders, Anton, Arne. of the two first letters.

Compare with Swedish male given name hypocoristic forming.

Proper noun

 * , Anton or Arne

Etymology 1
Variant of.

Etymology 2
Variant of.

title: Anne


text:
suiker

Etymology
From, from , , a borrowing from (circa 13th cent), from , from , from , from , from.

Etymology
From, , a borrowing from (circa 13th cent), from , from , from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

title: suiker


text:
voedsel

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) food

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) food
 * 2) nutrient
 * 1) nutrient
 * 1) nutrient
 * 1) nutrient

title: voedsel


text:
organisme

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) organism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) organism

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a biological organism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) organism (all senses)
 * 2) organisation

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  organism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  an organism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  an organism

title: organisme


text:
recognize

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from , from , first attested in the 16th century. Displaced native 🇨🇬, compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.
 * 2)  To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration.
 * 3)  To acknowledge or consider (as being a certain thing or having a certain quality or property).
 * 4)  To realize or discover the nature of something; apprehend quality in.
 * 5)  To show formal appreciation of, as with an award, commendation etc.
 * 6)  To review; to examine again.
 * 7)  To reconnoiter.
 * 8)  To have the property to bind to specific antigens.
 * 1)  To realize or discover the nature of something; apprehend quality in.
 * 2)  To show formal appreciation of, as with an award, commendation etc.
 * 3)  To review; to examine again.
 * 4)  To reconnoiter.
 * 5)  To have the property to bind to specific antigens.
 * 1)  To review; to examine again.
 * 2)  To reconnoiter.
 * 3)  To have the property to bind to specific antigens.
 * 1)  To have the property to bind to specific antigens.
 * 1)  To have the property to bind to specific antigens.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic: تَعَرَّفَ
 * Armenian: Ճանաչել
 * Assamese: চিনি পোৱা, চিনা
 * Bashkir: таныу
 * Belarusian: распазнава́ць, распазна́ць, пазнава́ць, пазна́ць
 * Bulgarian:, позна́я
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: genkende
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: rekoni
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: ricognossi
 * Galician:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐπιγιγνώσκω, ἀναγνωρίζω, ἀναγιγνώσκω
 * Gujarati: ઓળખવું
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: aithin
 * Istriot: ricugnusi
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 認識する
 * Jarai: kran
 * Javanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:, recōgnōscō
 * Macedonian: препознава, препознае
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Mansaka: kilara
 * Maori: āhukahuka
 * Maranao: kilala
 * Ngazidja Comorian: ramɓua
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gjenkjenne
 * Occitan: ,
 * Old Gujarati: उलखिवउं
 * Old Saxon: undarthenkian
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: kjanen
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: препозна́вати, препо̀знати
 * Roman: ,
 * Sicilian: ,
 * Slovak: spoznávať, spoznať
 * Slovene: prepoznavati, prepoznati
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: spóznaś, póznaś
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: tambua
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: makilala, kumilala , kilalanin , mamukhaan
 * Tajik: шинохтан
 * Tocharian B: kärs-
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: впізнава́ти, впізна́ти, розпізнава́ти, розпізна́ти
 * Urdu: پہچانا
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: דערקענען
 * Zazaki: şık bıyen, sınasten
 * Zulu: bona

 * Afrikaans:
 * Bashkir: таныу
 * Bulgarian:, призна́я
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: anerkende
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: rekoni
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 認識する
 * Javanese:
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian: به رسمیت شناختن
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: uznávať, uznať
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kilanlin, tumanggap, tanggapin , kumilala , kilalanin
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: דערקענען
 * Zazaki: sınasnayen

 * Afrikaans:
 * Bashkir: таныу
 * Bulgarian:, зачета́
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:, 認識する
 * Malayalam:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Walloon:
 * Zulu: vuma

 * Bashkir: таныу
 * Bulgarian:, осъзна́я
 * Danish: erkende
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Persian:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Slovak: rozoznávať, rozoznať
 * Swedish:
 * Walloon:

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Zulu: bonga

 * Dutch: ,
 * Ewe:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) to cognize again

title: recognize


text:
entirety

Etymology
From, from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) The whole; the complete  or amount.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:entirety

Translations

 * Afrikaans: geheel
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Esperanto: tuto
 * Estonian: täielikkus, tervik
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: veselums
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Spanish: enterez, ,
 * Turkish:

title: entirety


text:
wholeness

Etymology
From, , from , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being whole.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:entirety

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: celost
 * Esperanto: tuteco
 * Finnish:, , , jakamattomuus
 * French:
 * German:, Ganzheitlichkeit,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:, , caracter complet
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish: ,

title: wholeness


text: cognoscere

title: cognoscere


text:
dependence

Etymology
From.

Morphologically.

Noun

 * 1)  The state of being dependent, of relying upon another.
 * 2)  An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance.
 * 1)  An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: اِسْتِنَاد
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: зале́жнасць
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, tillid
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: dependeco
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: დამოკიდებულება
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: spleáchas, spleá, tuilleamaí
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: тәуелділік
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: atkarība
 * Macedonian: зависност
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Odia:
 * Polish:, bluszczowatość, bluszczowość
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: о̀висно̄ст, за́висно̄ст
 * Roman: ,
 * Sicilian: dipinnenzia
 * Slovak: závislosť
 * Slovene: odvisnost
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wótwisnosć
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: utegemezi
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: зале́жність

 * Arabic:
 * Belarusian: зале́жнасць
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: manio, pasio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: დამოკიდებულება
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Japanese: 嗜癖,
 * Kazakh: тәуелділік
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: atkarība
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: о̀висно̄ст
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: závislosť
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: зале́жність, адди́кція

title: dependence


text:
zobo

Etymology
From ; see for more.

Noun

 * 1) A kind of Asian cattle, supposed to be a hybrid between the zebu and yak.

Related terms

 * zebu
 * zebu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) frog

title: zobo


text:
Old Testament

Etymology
From, calqued from. Old refers to ancientness, not to obsolescence. Equivalent to a retronym, by comparison with the.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.

Usage notes

 * Old Testament is the most common English term used by Christians to refer to the first major part of the Christian Bible. Old means “ancient”, “having great(er) age” here, not “superseded” or “obsolete”.
 * In Biblical scholarship the term is preferred nowadays.
 * The use of this term is considered offensive by some Jews, based on the misconception that Old suggests that the Tanach has been superseded by Christian scriptures.
 * The corresponding adjective is.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: اَلْعَهْد اَلْقَدِيم
 * Armenian: Հին կտակարան
 * Asturian: ,
 * Belarusian: Стары Запавет
 * Burmese: ဓမ္မဟောင်းကျမ်း
 * Catalan: Antic Testament
 * Cebuano: Daang Tugon, Daang Saad
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 舊約聖經, 舊約全書, 舊約
 * Mandarin: 舊約聖經, ,
 * Cornish: Testament Koth
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Malnova Testamento
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ძველი აღთქმა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: Παλαιὰ Διαθήκη
 * Hausa: Attaura
 * Hindi: पुराना नियम
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: Gamla testamentið
 * Ido: Anciena Testamento
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: Sean-Tiomna
 * Old Irish: fetarlicc
 * Italian: Antico Testamento
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^구약 ^성서(舊約聖書)
 * Latin: Vetus Testāmentum
 * Latvian: Vecā Derība
 * Macedonian: Стар за́вет
 * Malay: Perjanjian Lama
 * Maltese: It-Testment il-Qadim
 * Maori: Kawenata Tawhito
 * Persian: عهد عتیق
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: (The Old Testament)
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Seann Tiomnadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ста̑ри за́вет, Ста̑ри за́вјет
 * Roman: Stȃri závet, Stȃri závjet
 * Shan: ၵျၢမ်းၵဝ်ႇ
 * Slovene: Stara Zaveza
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Stary Testament
 * Spanish: Antiguo Testamento, veterotestamentario
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: Gamla testamentet
 * Tagalog: Lumang Tipan
 * Telugu: పాత నిబంధన
 * Ukrainian: Старий Завіт, Старий Заповіт
 * Urdu: عَہَد نامَہ قَدِیم
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük: Diatek Vönik
 * Welsh:

title: Old Testament


text:
Hebrew Scriptures

Proper noun

 * 1) The Old Testament; Hebrew Bible
 * 2) The Tanakh

title: Hebrew Scriptures


text:
Hebrew-Aramaic Scriptures

Proper noun

 * 1) The Hebrew Bible.

title: Hebrew-Aramaic Scriptures


text:
theism

Etymology 1
Coined,. ultimately from. Attested in English from 1678, theist being attested 16 years earlier in 1662. Cognate 🇨🇬, as in Diderot Principes de la philosophie morale (1745), which was probably borrowed from English.

Noun

 * 1) Belief in the existence of at least one deity.
 * 2)  Belief in the existence of a personal creator god, goddess, gods and/or goddesses present and active in the governance and organization of the world and the universe. The God may be known by or through revelation.
 * 3) * 1999, Jeaneane D. Fowler, Humanism: Beliefs & Practices, page 66
 * The term stands in contradistinction to theism which, in its widest sense, means belief in a personal god, goddess, gods and/or goddesses.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: theïsme
 * Bulgarian: вяра в бог
 * Catalan: teisme
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: teisme
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: teism
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خواخوازی
 * Latin: theismus
 * Marathi: आस्तिकता
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: teisme
 * Nynorsk: teisme
 * Occitan: teïsme
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: теѝзам
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เทวนิยม
 * Turkish: ,
 * Urdu: خدا پرستی
 * Vietnamese: thuyết có thần
 * Volapük:

 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:

Etymology 2
Borrowing from + 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A morbid condition resulting from excessive consumption of tea.

title: theism


text:
whores

Noun

 * From the window of my red-light-district apartment I could watch the whores strutting back and forth, trying to entice their johns.
 * From the window of my red-light-district apartment I could watch the whores strutting back and forth, trying to entice their johns.

Verb

 * She's caught in a trap; she whores all night just to earn enough to spend the day getting stoned.
 * She's caught in a trap; she whores all night just to earn enough to spend the day getting stoned.

title: whores


text:
whoremonger

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A frequent customer of whores.
 * 2)   A procurer of whores; a pimp.
 * 1)   A procurer of whores; a pimp.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 外送茶客
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πορνοκόπος, κορινθιαστής
 * Hindi: रंडीबाज़, वेश्यागामी व्यक्ति
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latin: scortātor
 * Polish:, kurwiarz
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,

 * Azerbaijani: pəzəvəng
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Hindi:, , भड़ुआ, ,
 * Latin: lēnō, lēna
 * Polish:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:, ,

title: whoremonger


text:
messianic

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or resembling a messiah or the Messiah.
 * Of, relating to, or resembling messianism.
 * Of, relating to, or resembling messianism.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَسِيحَانِيّ
 * Asturian: mesiánicu
 * Belarusian: месія́нскі
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: mesiášský
 * Danish: messiansk
 * Esperanto: mesia, maŝiaĥa
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: mesiánico
 * German: messianisch
 * Hebrew: מְשִׁיחִי
 * Irish: meisiasach
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: messiansk
 * Nynorsk: messiansk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: mesiánico
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: месіа́нський
 * Volapük: mäsiatik, Mäsiatik

 * Asturian: mesiánicu
 * Belarusian: месія́нскі
 * Esperanto: mesianisma, mesiisma
 * Galician: mesianismo, mesiánico
 * German: messianisch
 * Irish: meisiasach
 * Polish:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: месіа́нський

title: messianic


text:
Mesija

Proper noun

 * 1) Messiah

Etymology
See.

Proper noun

 * 1) the Messiah

title: Mesija


text:
Xmas

Etymology
Attested in this form since 1755, and preceded by earlier forms such as (1551) and  (1100), from, with abbreviation of  by the symbol , , from. . In popular use since late 19th century. See Wikipedia for more information.

Pronunciation
Pronounced as either or :

Usage notes
Discouraged in formal usage, and as of late 20th century considered disrespectful by some Christians, due to the absence of the word.

See Xmas: Style guides and etiquette for further discussion.

title: Xmas


text:
クリスマス

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Christmas

title: クリスマス


text: Category:Hebrew letters

title: Category:Hebrew letters


text:
Jewry

Etymology
From, from. .

Noun

 * 1) Jewish people considered collectively.
 * 2)  The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc.
 * 3)  Judaism.
 * 4)  The land of the Jews; Judea.
 * 1)  The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc.
 * 2)  Judaism.
 * 3)  The land of the Jews; Judea.
 * 1)  Judaism.
 * 2)  The land of the Jews; Judea.

Translations

 * Aghwan: 𐕛𐔰𐕖𐔰𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕎
 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: яўрэ́йства, габрэ́йства
 * Bulgarian: еврейство
 * Catalan: jueria
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 猶太民族
 * Czech:, Židovstvo
 * Esperanto: judaro
 * Estonian: juudid
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , judeïté, ,
 * German: ;
 * Hebrew: עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: giudecca
 * Japanese: ユダヤ民族
 * Lithuanian: žydija
 * Middle English: Jewery
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sicilian: judeca
 * Spanish: pueblo judío,
 * Ukrainian: євре́йство, єврей
 * Yiddish: ייִדנטום

 * French:
 * Occitan: carrièra josaiga, jutariá

title: Jewry


text:
Judaism

Etymology
From, from , from , from + , from  + , from. .

Proper noun

 * 1) An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.

Translations

 * Aghwan: 𐕛𐔰𐕖𐔰𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕎
 * Albanian: judaizëm
 * Amharic: አይሁድና
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: İudaizm
 * Bashkir: йәһүдилек
 * Belarusian: іудаі́зм, іўдаі́зм, юдаі́зм
 * Bengali: ইহুদি ধর্ম
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ဂျူးဘာသာ
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: жуьгталла
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 猶太教
 * Hakka: 猶太教
 * Hokkien: 猶太教
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: ޔަހޫދީދީން
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: judismo, judaismo
 * Estonian: judaism
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:, Judaismus
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Ἰουδαϊσμός
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: यहूदी धर्म, यूदावाद
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: gyðingdómur
 * Indonesian: agama Yahudi
 * Irish: Giúdachas
 * Italian: judaisimo,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: яһудилік, иудаизм
 * Khmer: សាសនាជ្វីហ្វ
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, cihûyanî
 * Kyrgyz: иудаизм
 * Ladino: djudaizmo, Djudaismo
 * Lao: ສາສະໜາຊູດາ
 * Latin: iudaismus
 * Latvian: jūdaisms
 * Lithuanian: judaizmas
 * Macedonian: јудаи́зам
 * Malay:, agama Yahudi
 * Maltese: Ġudaiżmu
 * Maori: Hūraitanga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: иудаизм
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: jødedom
 * Nynorsk: jødedom
 * Pashto: يهوديت
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: iùdhachas
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: јудаѝзам
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese: ජුදා ආගම
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:, ,
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: žydojstwo, judaizm
 * Upper Sorbian: židowstwo
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Uyahudi
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Hudaismo
 * Tajik: яҳудият
 * Tatar: яһүдилек, иудаизм, яһүд дине
 * Thai: ศาสนายูดาย, ศาสนายูดาห์, ศาสนายิว
 * Tibetan: ཡིའུ་ཐའེ་ཆོས་ལུགས
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: ýehudylykda
 * Ukrainian: іудаї́зм, юдаї́зм
 * Urdu: یَہُودِیَت
 * Uyghur: يەھۇدى دىنى
 * Uzbek: yahudiylik
 * Vietnamese: Do thái giáo (猶太教), đạo Do thái (教猶太)
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: ייִדישקײַט, ייִדישקייט, יהדות, יודאַיִזם

title: Judaism