text:
Talk:hacker

Various
Unfortunately, the original sense of this word is no longer primary, and as much as I would like to reclaim the original sense, that battle is long since lost. If you use hacker outside the hacker community, expect to be misunderstood.

Why I removed "deprecated": Strictly speaking, the cracker usage is deprecated. Hackers (in the original sense) deprecate it strongly. Unfortunately, deprecated, has come to mean "obsolete," and the cracker sense is anything but obsolete. Indeed, it threatens to obsolete the original sense. Worse yet, the Hacker's dictionary itself defines deprecated this way. The Hacker's dictionary also deprecates the cracker sense of hacker. That's fine, but it's a wish, not a description of reality, and has no place in Wiktionary.

Again, I presonally find the mutation of hacker into cracker annoying in the extreme, and I have tried to make it clear in the usage note that many share this opinion. This is really as far as we should go here. The definitions document actual usage, the note tries to give important context, and the external links amplify that. But trying to stop hacker from meaning cracker is a losing battle. With Cyberchase on PBS, the next generation of hackish kids will probably grow up thinking hacker means "Big green bad guy who tries to destroy Motherboard." C'est la guerre. -dmh 03:42, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Dmh, I didn't quite understand what do you mean by your comment Oh no you didn't. Kept Latvian translation usefully added. I am not the today's anonymous editor, if that has to do something with him/her. Juzeris 19:54, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I was too terse. "Oh no you didn't" was aimed at the bozo who removed the predominant usage from the article.  "Kept Latvian translation usefully added." was aimed at you (thanks).  Your edit came in after the bozo's, so if I'd simply reverted I would have lost your translation.  Hope that clears it up. -dmh 20:44, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the clarification. I already thought there had been emotions about that page (the history page looks quite tense), but I hadn't looked at the nature of your previous edits. I guess now I've got your message right. Juzeris 22:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Personally, I'm not too emotional about the change in usage. Sure, I'd like to be able to say "I'm a hacker" to a layman and hear "That's cool, what do you hack?" instead of "Um, you're not going to break into my computer are you?", but that's not how it is.  Fortunately, geek has more or less stepped into that void.

 * What annoys me is people coming in anonymously and summarily editing out the definition they don't like, along with a very carefully worded usage note and a very strongly worded comment in the source. I'm sure these people think they are somehow defending the hacker ethos, but when you think about it, it's exactly the kind of trivial juvenile exploit that actual hackers look down on.  A real hacker would do the job right, and no, I'm not going to give any suggestions as to what that might entail.

 * Worse, propagating the idea that hacker has only its historical meaning might give the impression that the script kiddies that do the majority of the vandalism have some actual talent since they're called "hackers". There's already a term, dark side hacker for the rare genuine evil genius, but again that's not what the newspaper report generally means.

 * Maybe next time it happens, I'll rewrite the entry less sympathetically: popular definition only, with a minimal footnote for the original definition, no external links. Yeah, that'll show 'em — not.

 * Seriously, though, if anyone has any idea how to handle this with grace, wit and humor, in such a way that real hackers are respected but someone running across the word in the paper won't be misled, please go right ahead and fix this entry. -dmh 03:19, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The second definition is incorrect. A hacker is neither a script kiddie nor a cracker. What's popular isn't always correct! Just because almost everyone says "Kulinary" doesn't make it the correct pronunciation of culinary it's "Kyoolinary". I guess I'll have to deal with the fact that this definition is gonna stand, but I don't have to like it. I get some satisfaction in making it more specific however, so please reword or add to the definition but don't take anything away!

 * Hey, I don't like it either, but language is determined by usage, not by history (except in as far as history affects usage). It's the dictionary's responsibility to stay up to date — one major impetus behind Wiktionary.  The French language academy can't stop people from saying "Bon Weekend" and neither can we stop people from pronouncing culinary however they do.  In this case, if you use hacker in the original sense with a general audience, you will be misunderstood.  A dictionary entry that does not acknowledge this is simply incorrect.

 * As to the new definitions, I believe the first one is now way too narrow. While many accomplished hackers are comfortable with hex dumps and such, it's hardly a prerequisite.  Hackers do tend to be comfortable a couple of levels of abstraction below the crowd, but how many contemporary (software) hackers are comfortable talking about waveforms and capacitance?  Hackers in the 1960's certainly were.  The specifics change, and it doesn't seem wise to tie the definition to closely to them (real hackers are comfortable with abstraction as well as concreteness :-).

 * Further, hacking is not limited to software or even to computers. Most hackers would recognize this as a great hack.  I believe the original definition captured this better, and I think the Hacker's dictionary itself supports this.

 * The second definition is not so bad, but I'd leave the remark about lack of skills to the usage note. It's not really definitive.

 * I'd like to hear a response (and go ahead and create a user account if you like) before I make any changes, but in the absence of any compelling reason, I'll probably revert the first definition and leave the second one more or less intact -dmh 20:51, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * OK Dmh, I've been getting a little carried away, and I haven't been treating this forum with the seriousness that it deserves. I think that my new definitions will leave some room for elaboration.  What do you think???

Spam links in see also?
The two links added 18:18, 3 April 2006 by 70.132.171.54 seem to be no more than spam for the this "InfoSec Institute" whose sites they point to. Should they be removed?

Is the first definition attested?
My guess is that it was added sort of by default. If "hacker" in the various computer senses is here, then we need the plain literal meaning.

But does anyone use (or has anyone used) the term this way? "He was a hacker. He got up every morning, grabbed his machete and went out into the jungle to hack"? I'm not saying no one has, just that I'd like to see a citation. There's another quite plausible "plain old" definition that I don't see here: something used for hacking/chopping. "He grabbed his hacker and went off to clear the brush." I have no idea if that one's attested either. (Please don't add it just because I pointed it out!)

-dmh 00:23, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Signal to noise is pretty low for this search. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1401030475&id=QxD5nSP85YYC&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%2Bhacker+jungle&sig=UJsGAC8yugOEflKDiQbd79_92h0  --Connel MacKenzie 00:28, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm looking through Gutenberg. That should screen out the computing senses.  So far I'm mostly finding the proper name Hacker, but here's one that I don't quite know how to classify.  Note that it's a quotation, so if we use it we should track down the original:

"When they drive poor husbandmen from their tillage," as Sarisburiensis objects, _Polycrat. l. 1. c. 4_, "fling down country farms, and whole towns, to make parks, and forests, starving men to feed beasts, and punishing in the mean time such a man that shall molest their game, more severely than him that is otherwise a common hacker, or a notorious thief." (Anatomy of Melancholy)

 * My guess, based on what I've seen so far, is that the proper name is old, maybe meaning "butcher" or "doctor", and that the use here is already specialized (and not "anyone who hacks on anything with anything").

 * It doesn't seem out of the question that the "plain" usage is largely unattested. Some -er forms won't make much sense out of context, so they may not be used until a particular context comes up.  Think ranger.  -dmh 15:27, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Here's one for the other senes I guessed at above:

The upper half of each turnip had been eaten off by the live-stock, and it was the business of the two women to grub up the lower or earthy half of the root with a hooked fork called a hacker, that it might be eaten also. (Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

 * Nope, I got nothing. There was one more in "Squash Tennis" referring to a "hacker" (in quotes) as an indifferent Tennis player.  I'd suggest removing the first definition maybe adding "tool", and looking for more evidence on "common hacker" above.  -dmh 17:37, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Golfing
I'm pretty sure the last definition isn't limited to golf...24.127.51.40 16:10, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Serious Systemic and Cultural Bias Problem
The previous definition for this word was grossly biased towards the United States. Definitions containing significant historical or cultural anchoring in only one single country have absolutely no right to purport themselves as representing all usages, or understandings, of a word throughout the entire English-speaking world. For a full insight into this inherent problem with Wiktionary, see the [related Wikipedia article on Systemic and Cultural Bias]. I have temporarily added the   warning marker to warn non-IT related people, and non-native English speakers, of the dangers of interpreting this definition in its current form.

Those people who wish to try and refute this claim had better provide verifiable dictionary references for the country in question, as I have done, showing that the dictionaries in the English-speaking nations you are defining language on behalf of, actually define the word in the way you are claiming. Then cite your dictionary entry using the proper   markup within the usage notes.

As a consequence, I have also deleted all the foreign translations as they were factually incorrect, making blind "same as" references to the original definition. These entries should be regenerated according to the fixed definition.

Andrew81446 10:11, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

New Definition
I suggest that we change the computer intruder definition to something along the lines of "An individual who is very adept and enjoys experimentation with computers and electronics" What do you guys think of it? The true definition for Someone who gains unauthorized access to data would be cracker, wouldn't it?

Regional variation of computer usages

 * The reader is warned that outside of the United States (for example, the United Kingdom), the use of the word hacker to indicate a person who displays skill, particularly with computers, is not offically recognised language[2]. Only the criminal meaning is understood in most other non-US English-speaking nations and so serious misunderstanding may result.

I don't see any evidence that this is true in Britain, and imagine the confusion over the continuum of meaning (sometimes implying malice, sometimes just dedication) is widespread. The online COED may simply be outdated, and normally will mention any peculiarly US usage with '(US)'. It doesn't have an entry for hacker at all. A ten-year-old Chambers includes:

 * a person who hacks; a skilled and enthusiastic computer operator, especially an amateur (colloquial); an operator who uses his or her skill to break into commercial or government computer or other electronic systems.

The neutral and earlier usage is marked 'colloquial', but that doesn't mean it is not 'offically [sic] recognised' in Britain. I will be bold and try to clean this up.

--79.72.73.229 08:08, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The Oxford English Dictionary does not acknowledge the "white hat" definition of the word "hacker" ( and Collins defines a hacker as "a computer enthusiast, esp. one who breaks into the computer system of a company or government" . 86.140.80.60 20:27, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
 * What other dictionaries do takes a second place to usage we can find. (i.e. "0010. The Government will ban them all, BUT assign Government certified white hats, a certification you will need to pay to get, means more money for them and they get a list of all hackers in the UK that take the certification." ; or and  where the addresses of the people talking are from .uk) While none of it is "evidence", it strongly points to this definition being accepted outside the US (though I would agree that it is not much used by non technophiles). Conrad.Irwin 20:48, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Fifth definition
In my opinion, the fifth definition (one who uses a computer to gain unauthorized access to data.) does not belong under hacker, and should be moved to cracker, as this is what crackers mainly do, whereas hackers usually work on opensource solutions, and helping others with computer-related problems. I would have simply moved it, although I wanted to see the different viewpoints first. --Lewismith3 15:52, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Simply not true in normal usage. Equinox ◑ 19:57, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

the real definiton, for newbies: when someone talks using the letter keys as little as possible. like if i wanted to say hello, i'd say |-|3||0. it's more of using symbols instead of the letter keys. :D

Slang
Should it be noted that, in a lot of online games, people will cuss at others using this word? Calling exeptional good players, or world physics abusers hackers is a common thing in games, take S4League as an example. 217.166.79.130 11:08, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

RFV discussion
Rfv-sense X 5:

 * 1) (informal) one who manages or copes (one hacks it)
 * 2) (informal) one who annoys (another party).
 * 3) (US) one who loafs (around)
 * 4) (US) one who rides or drives at an ordinary pace or over the roads (especially distinguished from from racing or hunting)
 * 5) (US) one who operates a taxicab

I'm not familiar with any of these sense and they are not in OneLook references, except Wiktionary, of course. Does OED have any of them? DCDuring TALK 00:47, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

 * NB WT:RFC. — Beobach 01:19, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * That's what got me started. I have cited the taxicab sense, IMHO. While doing so, I did not notice any cites that would have supported the other challenged senses. DCDuring TALK 02:45, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I'll collect quotations of non-computational senses of the word "hacker" here: 1846, John Macleod, "This is done by an instrument usually called a 'hacker,' sometimes 'shave.'" 1877, Francis A. Walker, "Commended for the contrivance of an instrument, called a "hacker," that is used in trimming grindstones. This hacker turns with the stone". 1825?, The Newgate Calendar, "afterwards she picked her up, and beat her with the hacker on the side of the head". 1902, Trumbull White, "In January of February the "hacker," with his keen-bladed ax, begins the round which ends the season."
 * None of these quotations support the doubted senses, of course. — Beobach 03:37, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm sure you know we have a Citations: space for this. DAVilla 09:33, 15 December 2010 (UTC)
 * To my surprise, we even have a Citations talk: namespace. I put all of these quotations in the entry itself, though.

 * DCDuring has cited the "operator of a taxi" sense, and I see several more books that were not added which support that sense, so I strike it as passed. — Beobach 17:52, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I've now removed the other four challenged senses as RFV failed. —Ruakh TALK 23:44, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

RFC discussion: June 2008–December 2010
The formatting here is almost completely wrong, and I wouldn't be suprised if there are duplicate/overlapping definitions as well. I don't have time now to check. Thryduulf 22:23, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Appears to have been dealt with, may soon lose its senses. Striking. —msh210℠ (talk) 19:41, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

A hoe-maker?
Some online sources give this as a historical term for a person who manufactured hoes. Equinox ◑ 14:26, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Hacking abbreviates Hijacking
On websites like astalavista.box.sk, you would find all kind of articles using the word "hijacking". I remember in the early '90s the term "hijacking" was used just as much as "hacking". They were used in the same context, with a very similar meaning, almost interchangeably. This makes me believe that "hacking" is partially also an abbreviation for "hijacking".

Hijacking is defined as unlawfully seize (an aircraft, ship, or vehicle) in transit and force it to go to a different destination or use it for ones own purposes. Hacking has the same meaning, but the "vehicle" in this case, is a server or computer.

People also used words like "Virii" to refer to the plural of "Virus", Back then, the same sources shared info about "phishing" and "phreaking", which similarly are abbreviations for longer words.

 * Seems extremely unlikely. There were computer "hackers" (called by that name) long before the 1990s, and they were originally good programmers and not virus writers. Equinox ◑ 09:28, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:hacker


text:
fusil

Etymology 1
From, from , , from a late Latin diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1)  A bearing of a rhomboidal figure, originally representing a spindle in shape, longer than a heraldic lozenge.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Spanish: fusado
 * Swedish: spetsruta

Etymology 2
From, ultimately from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A light flintlock musket or firelock.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: piilukkomusketti
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Spanish:

Etymology 3
Alternative forms.

Etymology
From, , from *focīlis , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) rifle, gun
 * 2) steel to strike sparks from a flint (pierre à fusil)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rifle

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: fusil


text:
lys

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) list, record

Etymology
A variant of.

Verb

 * 1) to pour

Etymology 1
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) light, bright
 * 2)  fair, blond
 * 3) cheerful, sunny
 * 4) high-pitched

Etymology 2
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) light
 * 2) candle

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Pronunciation

 * (Fredrikstad dialect)
 * (Fredrikstad dialect)

Adjective

 * 1) light (not dark)
 * 2) (hair) fair, blonde
 * 3) (skin) fair
 * 4) bright (e.g. person)

Adverb

 * 1) light (in colour)

Etymology 2
From, from , from ,.

Noun

 * 1)  light
 * 2)  a light
 * 1)  a light

Etymology 1
From, perhaps via , from , from ,.

Etymology 2
From, perhaps via , from , from ,.

title: lys


text:
CJK

Proper noun

 * 1)  languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ČJK
 * Esperanto: ĈJK (ĉina, japana, korea)
 * French: (chinois, japonais, coréen)
 * German: CJK (Chinesisch, Japanisch, Koreanisch)
 * Irish: SSC (Sínis, Seapáinis, Cóiréis)
 * Italian: CGC (cinese, giapponese, coreana/coreano)
 * Japanese: 日中韓
 * Korean: ^한중일(韓中日)
 * Mon: ဟာန်-ဆိနဝ်-ဂျပါန်
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: CJC
 * Romanian: CJC
 * Russian: КЯК, Китайский-Японский-Корейский
 * Slovak: ČJK
 * Spanish: CCJ (chino, coreano, japonés)
 * Thai: ฮัน-ชิโน-ญี่ปุ่น
 * Vietnamese: TNH

title: CJK


text:
fiber

Etymology
From, from , from.

Pronunciation

 * Hyphenation: fi·ber
 * Hyphenation: fi·ber
 * Hyphenation: fi·ber
 * Hyphenation: fi·ber
 * Hyphenation: fi·ber

Noun

 * 1)  A single elongated piece of a given material, roughly round in cross-section, often twisted with other fibers to form thread.
 * 2)  A material in the form of fibers.
 * 3)  A material whose length is at least 1000 times its width.
 * 4) Dietary fiber.
 * 5)  Moral strength and resolve.
 * 6)  The preimage of a given point in the range of a map.
 * 7)  The pullback of a morphism along a global element (called the fiber of the morphism over the global element).
 * 8)  A kind of lightweight thread of execution.
 * 9)  A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.
 * 1)  The preimage of a given point in the range of a map.
 * 2)  The pullback of a morphism along a global element (called the fiber of the morphism over the global element).
 * 3)  A kind of lightweight thread of execution.
 * 4)  A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.
 * 1)  The pullback of a morphism along a global element (called the fiber of the morphism over the global element).
 * 2)  A kind of lightweight thread of execution.
 * 3)  A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.
 * 1)  A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.
 * 1)  A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.

Noun

 * 1) fibre (UK),  (US)

Noun

 * 1) fiber

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) beaver

Etymology
From, possibly from *fidber or *findber, from.

Noun

 * 1) fibre (UK),  (US)

Noun

 * 1) fibre (UK),  (US)

Noun

 * 1) fibre (UK),  (US) (similar senses to English, though less often of moral fiber)

title: fiber


text:
*

Symbol

 * 1)  Sal ammoniac (6 or 8 point).
 * 2)  A star (5 or 6 point).
 * 3)  Complex or transpose conjugate; conjugate.
 * 4)  Free monoid or Kleene star.
 * 5)  Dual space.
 * 6)  Snow (6 point).
 * 7)  a reserved symbol with no set meaning, that needs to be defined by the transcriber. May be used as a letter or as a diacritic.
 * 1)  Complex or transpose conjugate; conjugate.
 * 2)  Free monoid or Kleene star.
 * 3)  Dual space.
 * 4)  Snow (6 point).
 * 5)  a reserved symbol with no set meaning, that needs to be defined by the transcriber. May be used as a letter or as a diacritic.
 * 1)  Snow (6 point).
 * 2)  a reserved symbol with no set meaning, that needs to be defined by the transcriber. May be used as a letter or as a diacritic.
 * 1)  a reserved symbol with no set meaning, that needs to be defined by the transcriber. May be used as a letter or as a diacritic.

Punctuation mark

 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.
 * 1)  * *.
 * 2)  * * * ⁂.

Usage notes

 * The English names of the mark are and.
 * In Internet slang, when two or more corrections are made, one may add a * with each correction.

Antonyms

 * / ✝ / + (French)

Coordinate terms

 * ,, , [numbers]
 * / ✕, ⚮, ⚵ (German)
 * / ✕, ⚮, ⚵ (German)

Symbol

 * 1)  star
 * 2)  ＊: a star (also  or )
 * 1)  ＊: a star (also  or )
 * 1)  ＊: a star (also  or )
 * 1)  ＊: a star (also  or )
 * 1)  ＊: a star (also  or )
 * 1)  ＊: a star (also  or )

Symbol

 * 1)  the ;

Usage notes

 * In speech either expanded ( → ), or realized with a glottal stop.
 * Issues can arise with some forms, compare:
 * , → Freund*innen, where the e of the masculine term is dropped and it's not Freunde*innen
 * , → Ärzt*in, where the umlaut-less A is not present
 * , → ein*e Abgeordnete*r, where the feminine-like ein*e occurs together with the masculine-like Abgeordnete*r

Synonyms

 * (m/w/d)
 * capital I in
 * (m/w/d)
 * capital I in
 * (m/w/d)
 * capital I in
 * capital I in

"gender-neutral", but binary only:
 * (m/w)
 * (m/w)
 * (m/w)
 * (m/w)


text:
A-flat

Noun

 * 1)  A tone one semitone below A, between G and A, denoted A♭.
 * The bassoon came in on a low A-flat.
 * 1)  A key or other mechanism for producing an A-flat.
 * I had to take it to the shop because the A-flat was stuck.
 * 1)  The key of A-flat major.
 * We will now hear the third sonata, in A-flat.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: A-mol
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 降A
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: as
 * Italian: La bemolle
 * Polish:
 * Swedish:

 * Icelandic: as-takki, as-klappi

title: A-flat


text:
A-sharp

Noun

 * 1)  A tone one semitone higher than A, denoted A♯.
 * The counterpoint began on a low A-sharp.
 * 1)  The key of A sharp major
 * Here the passage modulates into A-sharp and becomes very difficult to read.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: A-kruis
 * Czech: ais
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Korean: A 샵
 * Polish:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: la sostenido

title: A-sharp


text:
gaijin

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬, from, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  A non-Japanese person.
 * 2)  A white person.
 * 1)  A white person.
 * 1)  A white person.
 * 1)  A white person.
 * 1)  A white person.
 * 1)  A white person.

Derived terms

 * gaijin card

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 외인
 * Polish:, gaijinka
 * Russian: га́йдзин

title: gaijin


text:
Talk:A-sharp

I've left out the other two definitions, on the grounds that instruments that have an A-sharp would generally call it a B-flat, and A-sharp major is a rare enough key that it's usually called by its full name. E.g., "key of A-sharp" picks up 37 hits on google (at least some just as an alias for B-flat) vs. 1430 for "key of A-flat". -dmh 04:28, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * In traditional theory, as I understand it, A-sharp major cannot exist, as there would have to be double-sharps (3 of them) in the key signature; on the otherhand A-sharp minor is the relative minor of C-sharp major and therefore has a perfectly respectable 7 sharps in the key-signature. The google hits for "key of A-sharp" appear to be partly explained by "key of A-sharp minor" matches, and partly by errors. — DavidL 04:54, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * A little more searching shows we're both wrong. First, there are pieces in A-sharp major, and second, the term "in A-sharp" is used on its own.  Google for "in A-sharp" piano for example -dmh 05:47, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Very interesting. Many of the hits for "in A sharp" piano can be explained by the valid key of A sharp minor (minor keys are always qualified as such, so a piece in A sharp minor, would never be referred to as "in A sharp", the unqualified phrase indicating a major key).  But there are indeed many google hits for A sharp major.  Google turns up, for example, Chopin's "Impromptu in A sharp major, Op.36" but this turns out to be a "mistranslation" of the key "As-dur" which means "A flat major".  Another reference is to Bruckner's Erinnerung which also appears to be another case of the As-dur misunderstanding.  For now, my theory is that the google hits for pieces in A sharp major are either goofs for As-dur or typos for other letters, but as there are thousands of hits, I can't be sure.  I still believe a key of A sharp major to be impossible, although a chord of A-sharp major makes sense. — DavidL 08:27, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Here's what appears to be a bona fide quote regarding Berlioz's opinion of A-sharp major on the violin (one of the few instruments where A-sharp major could be played differently from B-flat major). http://members.ozemail.com.au/~phillijr/BerWrite.html

 * Congrats! From a lexicographic point of view that seems indeed to be justification enough.  Is Berlioz joking, though?  A sharp major: impracticable!  Hard to say.  On further reflection, I suppose it is indeed possible for a piece of music to modulate into A sharp major, and the score will accordingly be littered with double sharps - so yes, it probably does make sense to talk of the key of A sharp major, although I do not know how one could make the appropriate key signature, so I still do not believe in the possibility of a piece being in the key of A sharp major. — DavidL 08:13, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the example :-). Composers have a penchant for trying to put into practice anything theoretically possible, so I'm not too surprised to see this turn up, but I agree it would be tricky to read, to say the least.  When would it make a difference?  Presumably a string quarted in A-sharp would sound ever so slightly different from one in B-flat, as the slightly higher (?) pitches would resonate differently with the open strings of the instruments. -dmh 12:51, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I think an A-sharp major key signature would look basically like C-sharp major, but with double sharp signs for F##, C## and G##. With the key signature in place, it should be just as legible as anything else.  Playing it correctly is a different story.  A pianist might as well have the whole thing transcribed as B-flat. -dmh 15:44, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:A-sharp


text:
cycle of fifths

Noun

 * 1)  A sequence of bass notes at intervals of one perfect fifth lower than the previous note. In twelve-tone equal temperament the sequence repeats every twelve tones, forming a cycle.
 * The composition modulates upwards through the cycle of fifths, eventually returning to the original key.

Translations

 * Czech: kvintový kruh
 * Danish: kvintcirkel
 * Dutch: kwintencirkel
 * Faroese: kvintsirkul
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: fimmundahringurinn
 * Polish: koło kwintowe
 * Russian:

title: cycle of fifths


text:
A-per-se

Etymology
A (the letter A) + the Latin phrase per se (by itself).

Noun

 * 1)  A person or thing that is preeminent, unique, or which has unusual merit.

title: A-per-se


text:
livescanned

Adjective

 * 1) subjected to the livescan fingerprinting system

title: livescanned


text:
Talk:livescanned

http://www.sdcoe.net/hrt/cred.asp has a great example of the useage of both livescan, the verb, and Livescan, the noun.

livescanned
Tagged, not listed. --Connel MacKenzie 08:31, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

 * One good cite available Citations:livescanned, I am willing to bet that it gets more use than bgc indicates, if we were to look at some police manuals etc. passed in my opinion. -  16:17, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:livescanned


text:
nocciolo

Etymology 1
Probably derived from (perhaps the variant form ), from, or from the diminutive ; alternatively from , with influence from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) stone, kernel (of a fruit)
 * 2)  core, heart

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) hazel tree
 * 2) hazel wood

title: nocciolo


text:
poiché

Etymology
From.

Conjunction

 * 1) since, because, as

title: poiché


text: translated

title: translated


text:
týden

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) week

Declension
obsolete declension:

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) week

title: týden


text:
svedese

Adjective

 * 1) Swedish

Noun

 * 1) Swedish language

Noun

 * 1) Swede

title: svedese


text:
ion engine

Noun

 * 1)  a type of spacecraft propulsion, whereby electric fields accelerate ions out the exhaust to provide motive force

Synonyms

 * ion rocket
 * ion thruster

title: ion engine


text:
blagger

Noun

 * 1)  A smooth talker, a persuasive person.
 * 2)  A thief or robber, one who blags.

Translations

 * French:
 * Polish: bajerant, bajerantka,, blagierka, koloryzator, picer

 * French:

title: blagger


text:
tmesis

Etymology
From, from , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: тмезис
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 分字法, 插詞法
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: tmezo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: timéis
 * Italian: tmesi
 * Japanese: 切離
 * Latin: tmēsis, diacopē
 * Polish: tmeza
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тмеза
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: tmesis
 * Swedish: tmesis
 * Tagalog: salingit

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  The separation of a word, tmesis.

title: tmesis


text:
senior moment

Etymology
An allusion to the memory difficulties sometimes experienced by senior citizens.

Noun

 * 1)  A brief interval of forgetfulness or inattention.

title: senior moment


text:
automagical

Adjective

 * 1)  Automatic, but with an apparent element of magic. Commonly referring to complex technical processes hidden from the view of users or operators, resulting in technology that "just works".

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: automaaginen
 * French:
 * German: automagisch
 * Hebrew: אוטומאגי
 * Italian: automagico
 * Norwegian: automagisk
 * Polish: automagiczny
 * Portuguese: automágico
 * Russian: автомаги́ческий
 * Spanish: automágico
 * Swedish:

title: automagical


text:
Talk:estonian

Note about Finnish terms
I added back the word eestiläinen to the noun section. It is true that virolainen is the preferred word but the former one is used sometimes—and it is well known. It was especially usual during the existence of the Soviet Union, if I'm not mistaken. | hyark 15:15, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:estonian


text:
-ja

Suffix

 * 1)  You, ya.

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) -er;

Suffix

 * sala "secretly" → salaja "secretly"
 * sala "secretly" → salaja "secretly"

Etymology
From, from.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -er

Usage notes

 * If the stem ends in, this changes to before adding.

Declension
The original verb affects the declension type of the derivation.

If the -ja ending is preceded by -i-, the noun is declined as type 12 (derivatives of type 62 verbs  are an exception, however).

Otherwise, the noun is declined as type 10.

Affix

 * 1) Used on a verb before the case marker to indicate negation.

Suffix

 * 1)  in indicative mood
 * 2)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood
 * 1)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood
 * 1)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood
 * 1)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood
 * 1)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood
 * 1)  in subjunctive (imperative) mood

Usage notes

 * The j assimilates to the final s, sz, z, dz. See harmonic variants in the tables below.

Etymology 1
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * : -er

Usage notes

 * In the Soikkola dialect, bisyllabic verb stems followed by -ja do not get.

Declension
After the vowel -i-:

Etymology 2
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * Used after monosyllabic stems ending in -e- or -i-.

Etymology 1
See the lemma.

Suffix

 * , used with stems ending in -i, -j.

Etymology 2
From, alternative form of.

Suffix

 * , used with stems ending in vowels or diphthongs.

Suffix

 * : right?

Usage notes
This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix.

title: -ja


text:
-jä

Declension
See notes at.

Declension
After the vowel -i-:

title: -jä


text:
Talk:kudos

I seriously doubt the Finnish word "kudos" is related any way to the English or Greek word of similar appearance.

Then again, what do I know... ;)

 * You are right. Kudos sounds incredibly similar to kiittää and even kiitos, but still that could well be completely random. 91.152.67.177 18:28, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

RFV discussion: June–July 2020
Was tagged by an anon. – Jberkel 11:54, 5 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Was added in, maybe can help. Also, what's "kudos (kùdos)" supposed to mean? Should it be "|head=kùdos" in the source or be at kùdos in the first place? --Bakunla (talk) 22:59, 8 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I found a dictionary from 1971 that lists kudos with the meaning "to groan". In fifty years the meaning could have shifted, or it could have been a euphemism even in 1971, as I've seen professional dictionaries do that sort of thing before (e.g.  i had a dictionary with no word for masturbation but I could look up "self-abuse").    However, there is no glottal stop in the dictionary word, ... it's just kudos.   Also, the mag- is a verb prefix.
 * The dictionary states that Bikol is a collection of dialects, so it's possible that explains the slight difference in pronunciation (kudos vs kuʔdos). The author of that entry has contributed thousands of other C Bikol words, so i have no reason to doubt their expertise ... but if we must be absolutely thorough, perhaps we need to either change the definition to "groan", or continue our search to find something that specifically provides the definition we want for the spelling we list.  — Soap — 22:16, 12 June 2020 (UTC)

 * RFV-deleted. Partially removed out of process (well, the definition at least), but I haven't added the meaning "groan", because I'm not sure if it should even be lemmatised here. There is certainly no evidence presented for this highly specific fecal definition. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 02:07, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:kudos


text:
perspicacity

Etymology
, from, from , from , from , "see through (something)".

Noun

 * 1) Acute discernment or understanding; insight.
 * 2) The human faculty or power to mentally grasp or understand clearly.
 * 3)  Keen eyesight.
 * 1) The human faculty or power to mentally grasp or understand clearly.
 * 2)  Keen eyesight.
 * 1)  Keen eyesight.
 * 1)  Keen eyesight.
 * 1)  Keen eyesight.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: perspicàcia
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: skarpsindighed
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: sagaco
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Weitblick,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: éleselméjű
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: perspicacità
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: perspicācitās
 * Latvian: vērīgums
 * Lithuanian: nuovokumas
 * Macedonian: прони́кливост
 * Persian: تدبیر،
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: prezieravosť
 * Slovene: pronicljivost
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: talisik, katalisikan
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: زیرکی

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto: sagaco
 * German:, Auffassungsvermögen,
 * Macedonian: прони́кливост
 * Russian:

 * Finnish:

 * Latin: perspicācitās
 * Slovak: ostroumnosť

title: perspicacity


text: Category:Days of the week

title: Category:Days of the week


text:
biome

Noun

 * 1) Any major regional biological community such as that of forest or desert.
 * 2) All the genomes of such a community.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 生物羣落
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: biomo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: bioma
 * German:
 * Indonesian: bioma
 * Irish: bithóm
 * Italian:
 * Malay: biom
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: biom
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ชีวนิเวศ
 * Ukrainian: біом

Etymology
From.

title: biome


text:
oh my God

Interjection

 * 1)  An expression of anger, frustration, excitement, shock, awe, dismay, etc.
 * 2) * 2007 September 28, Graham Linehan, , Season 2, Episode 6:
 * Jen: Douglas has asked me to be his PA. Moss: Oh. My. God! Well, that is something and a half. His PA? How... Whoa! His PA... Shut up! His PA! Jen: It means "personal assistant". Moss: Thank you. Right, OK.
 * 1) * 2007 September 28, Graham Linehan, , Season 2, Episode 6:
 * Jen: Douglas has asked me to be his PA. Moss: Oh. My. God! Well, that is something and a half. His PA? How... Whoa! His PA... Shut up! His PA! Jen: It means "personal assistant". Moss: Thank you. Right, OK.

Usage notes
In different contexts the offensiveness of this phrase can vary from blasphemous to mild, with a greater degree of variety than comparable phrases due to its invocation of deity. Common euphemisms are, , and.

Likely to be offensive to devout Muslims, Christians, and Jews due to invoking God's name in a secular way.

Synonyms

 * Thesaurus:wow
 * Thesaurus:wow
 * Thesaurus:wow
 * Thesaurus:wow

Translations

 * Afrikaans: liewe hemel, goeie genade
 * Arabic: يَا إِلٰهِي, يَا سَلَام
 * Hijazi Arabic: يا الله, يا سلام, يا ويلي
 * Armenian: Աստվա՛ծ իմ
 * Basque: Jainko maitea
 * Belarusian: бо́жа мой
 * Catalan: Déu meu
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ó můj bože
 * Danish: åh min gud, tak for kaffe, det er løgn
 * Dutch: oh, mijn God, lieve hemel,
 * Esperanto: Dio mia
 * Estonian: issand
 * Finnish:, , luojan tähden, herranjumala, voi hyvä luoja
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: meu Deus
 * Georgian: ღმერთო ჩემო
 * German: (o) mein Gott
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: હે ભગવાન, હે પ્રભુ, હે ઠાકોરજી, હે નાથ, હે ઈશ્વર, હે પરમાત્મા, હે ખુદા, યા અલ્લાહ, યા ખુદા, યા રબ
 * Hebrew: אוי אלוהים, אֱלֹהִים אַדִּירִים
 * Hindi: हे भगवान
 * Hungarian: (jaj/ó,) Istenem/istenem, te jó ég, te jóságos ég, atyaég, jesszusom
 * Icelandic: Guð minn góður
 * Indonesian:, ya tuhan
 * Irish: a Thiarna, a thiarcais
 * Italian: Dio mio, mio Dio, oh mio Dio, oddio
 * Japanese: 南無三宝, 南無三, おやまあ, あれまあ, ああ神様, おーまいがー
 * Jingpho: Wa, Karai Kasang!
 * Kazakh: құдайым-ай
 * Korean: 오마이갓,, ,
 * Lao:
 * Latin: Deus meus, heu parum pudici
 * Limburgish: noondezju!
 * Lithuanian: o, Dieve!, Dieve mano!
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: mien Gott
 * Macedonian: о Боже, о боже, о Господе, о господе
 * Malay: ya Tuhanku, ya Allah, astaghfirullah, ,
 * Maltese: Alla miegħi, Il-Alla
 * Marathi: हे देवा, अरे देवा
 * Navajo: yáadilá óolyé
 * Norwegian: Herregud, herre gud
 * Persian: وای خدای من, ای خدا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Punjabi: ربّا, ਰੱਬਾ
 * Romanian: (o) Dumnezeuleǃ, (o) Doamneǃ
 * Russian:, , о бо́же, Гспде
 * Scottish Gaelic: a Dhia, a Thighearna, o mo Dhia
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: о мој Боже, Господе Боже
 * Roman: o moj Bože, Gospode Bože
 * Slovene: o moj Bog
 * Spanish: Dios mío, oh, Dios mío, ay Dios mío, madre mía
 * Swedish: herre gud, å, herre gud,, Herre Gud
 * Tagalog: ay, Diyos ko
 * Thai: โอ้พระเจ้า,, คุณพระ, คุณพระช่วย, พระเจ้าช่วย, พระเจ้าช่วยกล้วยทอด
 * Turkish: aman tanrım, aman Allahım, aman yarabbi
 * Ukrainian: о бо́же мій,, о бо́же
 * Urdu: ہائے اللہ, یا اللہ, او خدایا, اے میرے خدا
 * Uzbek:
 * Cyrillic: вой худойим-эй
 * Latin: voy xudoyim-ey
 * Vietnamese:, trời đất ơi, , ôi chúa ơi
 * Yucatec Maya: ki’ichkelem yuum

title: oh my God


text:
stellerite

Etymology
, named after its discoverer.

Noun

 * 1)  A hydrated calcium aluminosilicate zeolite, similar to stilbite.

title: stellerite


text:
Whelan

Etymology
Reduced Anglicized form of, a hypocoristic form of. .

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Whelan is the 3181st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 11363 individuals. Whelan is most common among White (95.07%) individuals.

title: Whelan


text:
letter grade

Noun

 * 1)  A letter of the alphabet assigned as an evaluation of schoolwork, with A generally being the best. Passing grades may also carry a plus or minus sign, with an A-minus (A-) better than B-plus (B+) and so on.
 * Do you give letter grades for class participation, or just for homework and exams?

title: letter grade


text:
ebb and flow

Noun

 * 1) The flowing out and in of the.
 * 2)  A large flowing out and in, or any waxing and waning of fortunes or activity.
 * 3) * October 29 2001, The New Yorker Online
 * I want to hear the roaring ebb and flow of Broadway.

Translations

 * Dutch: eb en vloed
 * French: flux et reflux
 * Georgian: მიმოქცევა, მიქცევ-მოქცევა
 * German: Ebbe und Flut
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: tuile agus trá
 * Japanese: 浮き沈み,
 * Persian: جزر و مد
 * Swedish: ebb och flod

Verb

 * 1) To alternately ebb and flow, as:
 * 2)  To recede and advance.
 * 3)  To.
 * 1)  To.

title: ebb and flow


text:
ǃKung

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A group of Bushmen people living in the Kalahari Desert.
 * 2) * 1992, Richard B. Lee, Work, Sexuality, and Aging Among ǃKung Women, in In her prime: new views of middle-aged women (Virginia Kerns, Judith K. Brown), page 39:
 * Given the early sex play, I will hazard a guess that there are few ǃKung virgins, male or female, at puberty.
 * 1) * c. 2001–2007, Archaeology at the Millennium: A Sourcebook (Gary M. Feinman, T. Douglas Price), page 155:
 * The San-speaking ǃKung of southern Africa are nearly always chosen to exemplify the forager strategy.
 * 1) * 2008, The cultural geography reader (Timothy Oakes, Patricia Lynn Price), page 65:
 * The San-speaking ǃKung of Botswana (the “Bushmen” of old) are presented as a distinct, “other,” and apparently primordial “people.”
 * 1) A Khoisan language spoken in Namibia, Angola, and South Africa, famous for its click consonants.
 * 2) * 1994, The Aging Experience: diversity and commonality across cultures (Jennie Keith), page 24:
 * Harpending spoke ǃKung because of his previous fieldwork in the area,
 * 1) * 2002, New horizons for the San: participatory action research with San communities in Northern Namibia (Dhyani J. Berger, Elke Zimprich), page 22:
 * In Epembe, Oonduda and Uusilo very few people could understand and even fewer could speak ǃKung. They expressed their sorrow at this loss.
 * 1) * 1994, The Aging Experience: diversity and commonality across cultures (Jennie Keith), page 24:
 * Harpending spoke ǃKung because of his previous fieldwork in the area,
 * 1) * 2002, New horizons for the San: participatory action research with San communities in Northern Namibia (Dhyani J. Berger, Elke Zimprich), page 22:
 * In Epembe, Oonduda and Uusilo very few people could understand and even fewer could speak ǃKung. They expressed their sorrow at this loss.
 * 1) * 2002, New horizons for the San: participatory action research with San communities in Northern Namibia (Dhyani J. Berger, Elke Zimprich), page 22:
 * In Epembe, Oonduda and Uusilo very few people could understand and even fewer could speak ǃKung. They expressed their sorrow at this loss.

Translations

 * Korean: ǃ쿵족
 * Russian: Кунг
 * ǃKung:

 * Korean: ǃ쿵어
 * ǃKung: !xun

title: ǃKung


text:
User talk:Manki~enwiktionary

my name is manikandan shortly manki

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Manki. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Manki~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:57, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:16, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Manki~enwiktionary


text: Category:Chemical elements

title: Category:Chemical elements


text:
bikini babe

Noun

 * 1) An attractive young woman wearing a bikini or swimsuit.

Translations

 * Finnish: bikinikaunotar

title: bikini babe


text:
babe magnet

Noun

 * 1)  A person, especially a man, to whom women are attracted.

title: babe magnet


text:
sleaze

Etymology
, originally used to describe the thinness and low quality of cloth.

Noun

 * 1)  Low moral standards.
 * 2)  A person of low moral standards.
 * 3)  A man who is sexually aggressive or forward with women to the point of causing disgust.
 * 4) * 1989, Weekly World News, "My hubby robbed the cradle and left me with the baby", 7 November, p. 42.
 * "en"
 * 1)  A man who is sexually aggressive or forward with women to the point of causing disgust.
 * 2) * 1989, Weekly World News, "My hubby robbed the cradle and left me with the baby", 7 November, p. 42.
 * "en"

- I'll bet you dollars to doughnuts that sleaze slept with your boss and I wouldn't take it lying down.

 * 1)  sleazy material
 * 1)  sleazy material

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: laag allooi
 * Galician: vileza
 * German:
 * Greek: αίσχη
 * Hebrew:
 * Irish: broghaisireacht
 * Italian: malcostume
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: falta de princípios,
 * Russian:

 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Galician: canalla, corrupto, corrupta
 * Italian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,

 * Spanish:, , , ,

Verb

 * 1) To act or progress in a sleazy manner.
 * He sleazed his way over to the women at the bar.
 * 1) To slander.

title: sleaze


text:
exculpatory

Etymology
From. Exculpate is derived from and, the    of , from  +  (ultimately from ).

Adjective

 * 1) Tending to excuse or clear of wrongdoing.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 證明無罪的
 * Finnish: syyttömäksi todistava, syyttömyyttä osoittava
 * French: à décharge
 * German:
 * Italian:, giustificatorio
 * Portuguese: exculpante, exculpatório
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: autoexculpatorio, exculpatorio
 * Swedish:

title: exculpatory


text:
inchoate

Etymology
From, perfect passive participle of. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation
As a noun or an adjective: As a verb:

Adjective

 * 1) Recently started but not fully formed yet; just begun; only elementary or immature.
 * 2) Chaotic, disordered, confused; also, incoherent, rambling.
 * 3)  Of a crime, imposing criminal liability for an incompleted act.
 * 4) * 2006, United States v. McKenney, 450 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2006)
 * Congress considers the inchoate offenses of attempt and conspiracy, even conspiracy without an overt act, to be just as serious as the federal substantive drug offenses which they contemplate.
 * 1) Chaotic, disordered, confused; also, incoherent, rambling.
 * 2)  Of a crime, imposing criminal liability for an incompleted act.
 * 3) * 2006, United States v. McKenney, 450 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2006)
 * Congress considers the inchoate offenses of attempt and conspiracy, even conspiracy without an overt act, to be just as serious as the federal substantive drug offenses which they contemplate.
 * 1) Chaotic, disordered, confused; also, incoherent, rambling.
 * 2)  Of a crime, imposing criminal liability for an incompleted act.
 * 3) * 2006, United States v. McKenney, 450 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2006)
 * Congress considers the inchoate offenses of attempt and conspiracy, even conspiracy without an overt act, to be just as serious as the federal substantive drug offenses which they contemplate.
 * 1)  Of a crime, imposing criminal liability for an incompleted act.
 * 2) * 2006, United States v. McKenney, 450 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2006)
 * Congress considers the inchoate offenses of attempt and conspiracy, even conspiracy without an overt act, to be just as serious as the federal substantive drug offenses which they contemplate.
 * 1) * 2006, United States v. McKenney, 450 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2006)
 * Congress considers the inchoate offenses of attempt and conspiracy, even conspiracy without an overt act, to be just as serious as the federal substantive drug offenses which they contemplate.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: nevyzrálý, nevyvinutý, jsoucí v zárodku, rodící se,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ; alullaan oleva,
 * French:
 * German: im Entstehen begriffen, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 無感性な
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uutviklet, embryonisk
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: začet,
 * Spanish: embrional,
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:, jäsentymätön
 * German:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: usammenhengende, springende, kaotisk
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, spetljana,
 * Spanish: ;

Noun

 * 1)  A beginning, an immature start.

Verb

 * 1)  To begin or start (something).
 * 2)  To cause or bring about.  In the field of criminology, to encourage, assist, conspire, aid and abet, incite, etc.
 * 3)  To make a start.

title: inchoate


text:
blimp

Etymology
Origin not entirely certain. However, most historians believe that it is for the sound a blimp makes when thumped. Although there is some disagreement among historians, credit for coining the term is usually given to Lt. A.D. Cunningham of the British Royal Navy in 1915.

There is an often repeated, but false, alternative explanation for the term. The erroneous story is that at some time in the early 20th century, the United States military had two classes for airships: Type A-rigid and Type B-limp, hence “blimp”. In fact, A. D. Topping reports on the “Etymology of ‘Blimp’”, in the AAHS Journal, Winter 1963, that:

 * “there was no American ‘A-class’ of airships as such—all military aircraft, heavier or lighter-than-air were designated with ‘A’ until the appearance of B-class airships in May 1917. There was an American B airship—but there seems to be no record of any official designation of non-rigids as ‘limp’. Further, according to the Oxford Dictionary, the first appearance of the word in print was in 1916, in England, a year before the first B-class airship.”

J.R.R. Tolkien speculated that the word was a portmanteau word deriving from 'blister' and 'lump': 'the vowel i not u was chosen because of its diminutive significance -- typical of war humour'

Noun

 * 1)  An airship constructed with a non-rigid lifting agent container.
 * 2) * 2004 February 16&23, The New Yorker:
 * "en"

- The Goodyear blimp over Giants Stadium

 * 1)  Any large airborne inflatable.
 * 2)  An obese person.
 * 3) A person similar to the cartoon character Colonel Blimp; a pompous, reactionary British man.
 * 4)  A soundproof cover for a video camera.
 * 1)  A soundproof cover for a video camera.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُنْطَاد ذُو مُحَرِّك
 * Bulgarian: възду́шен ко́раб
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 軟式小型飛船
 * Czech: neztužená vzducholoď
 * Dutch: blimp,
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:, Prallluftschiff , Blimp
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian: dirigibile floscio
 * Japanese:, 軟式飛行船
 * Korean: 소형 연식 비행선
 * Polish:, sterowiec ciśnieniowy
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: мя́гкий дирижа́бль,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: blimp

 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Romanian: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To expand like a blimp or balloon; to become fat.
 * 2) * "en"

- After college, she started blimping and could no longer wear her favorite little black dress.

 * 1) * "en"

- Over a few years the software had blimped into typical bloatware.

 * 1)  To fit (a video camera) with a soundproof cover.

Translations

 * Dutch: ,
 * Romanian: unfla

Etymology
.

title: blimp


text:
Indian summer

Etymology

Of North American origin, exact etymology. The most plausible suggestions are that Native Americans (or American Indians) called it a form of “summer” due to harvesting late plants or preparing for winter, or that European settlers coined it due to various Native American activities in this season, or due to the weather phenomenon being associated with regions inhabited by Native Americans. Alternatively, the use of the word may indicate something deviating from the norm: compare terms like,.

Noun

 * 1) A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn.
 * 2)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.
 * 1)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.
 * 1)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.
 * 1)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.
 * 1)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.
 * 1)  The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age.

Usage notes
In the northeastern region of the United States, the term refers to a phenomenon occurring from late October through November. However, depending on the geographical region to which it is applied, it may occur from as early as September to as late as January in the northern hemisphere. Some people restrict the term to several days of warm weather after there has already been a frost.

By the 20th century, the term had displaced earlier ones like, , and that had described a similar phenomenon.

Due to its supposed use of Indian to mean "abnormal" or "different from the norm", the term has seen controversy as possibly being a racist term against Indians and Native Americans.

Descendants

 * French: ,

Translations

 * Arabic: صَيْف هِنْدِيّ
 * Basque: uda txiki, San Martin hegoak, San Martinetako uda txiki
 * Belarusian: бабі́на ле́та
 * Bulgarian: циганско лято
 * Catalan: estiuet de Sant Martí
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 秋老虎
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, indiánské léto
 * Dutch:
 * Erzya: сово
 * Faroese: heystlýkka
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: קיץ אינדיאני
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: samhradh beag
 * Italian: estate di San Martino, estate indiana
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kazakh: қоңыр күз
 * Korean: 인디언 서머
 * Latvian: atvasara
 * Lithuanian: bobų vasara
 * Macedonian: ци́ганско ле́то, ѓу́пско ле́то
 * Norman: p'tit êté
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian: گرمای پاییزه
 * Polish:, złota jesień
 * Portuguese: veranico, verão de São Martinho
 * Romanian: vară indiană
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: bablje ljeto, Miholjsko ljeto, Martinjsko ljeto
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Welsh: Haf Bach Mihangel

 * Finnish:
 * German: zweiter Frühling
 * Greek: γαλήνια γηρατειά
 * Irish: fómhar beag na ngéanna
 * Japanese: 返り咲く
 * Polish: pogodna jesień życia
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: druga mladost

 * Spanish: ;

title: Indian summer


text:
dace

Etymology
From, nominative form of. For a similar loss of r, compare.

Noun

 * 1) A shoal-forming fish of species, common to swift rivers in England and Wales and in Europe.
 * 2)  Any of various related small fish of the family  that live in freshwater and are native to North America.
 * 1)  Any of various related small fish of the family  that live in freshwater and are native to North America.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:, ασπρόψαρο
 * Hungarian: nyúldomolykó
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кленић
 * Latin: klenić
 * Spanish:, leucisco
 * Swedish:
 * Yiddish: ווײַספֿיש

 * Russian:

title: dace


text:
Burman

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the principal, Burmese-speaking ethnic group of Myanmar.
 * 2) Of or relating to Myanmar; Burmese.

Noun

 * 1) A member of the principal, Burmese-speaking ethnic group of Myanmar, especially as distinguished from the Shan, Karen, and other minority peoples.
 * 2) A native or inhabitant of Myanmar; a Burmese.

Proper noun

 * 1) The Burmese language.

Etymology
From from place names such as Burträsk and Bureälven +.

Statistics

 * According to Statistics Sweden, 2 722 individuals had Burman as a surname in Sweden in 2022.

title: Burman


text:
Talk:nowadays

It would be nice to have better quotations, or more specifics on the quotations we have, which I believe are taken from Webster 1913. In particular, I don't find "now a days" or "nowadays" in the Canterbury tales, and I can't find anything for either on Google except via dictionary entries. -dmh 22:04, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

How stylistically aligned is "nowadays"? As a non-native speaker I may be very wrong on this, but my intuition is to avoid this word in business context and use "presently" or "currently" instead. Am I right? 89.72.180.252 20:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That’s right, nowadays would be out of place in a business contract or treaty. It’s too nonspecific and colloquial. —Stephen 02:07, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

sounds awful in british / north american conversation
avoid using "nowadays" at all cost (heh - I just used an idiom phrase to discourage use of another idiom! :-) )

"nowadays" simply sounds awful and is spreading on the internet viruently

as a north american english native speaker I was taught to never use it in a sentence and to recompose the sentence from scratch

to me, "nowadays" is a "tell" that the author of any given article is not a native speaker educated in north american / british english (not a crticism, just an identifier)

 * It sounds slightly dated to me (British speaker), but my father used it often. If you only read the Internet, and not books, it might look a bit alien. Equinox ◑ 21:25, 7 July 2013 (UTC)
 * So no one says "nowadays" nowadays(where you live)? Chuck Entz (talk) 21:48, 7 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I just haven't heard it much. "These days" is commoner. Equinox ◑ 21:50, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I'm born and raised in southern California (I'm older than the internet), and I've used it, and heard it used, my entire life. I supposed it has more of an informal, maybe folksy feel to it, but I've never heard anyone attach any significance (good or bad) to its use. Just off the top of my head, I remember a line from a Tom Lehrer song, "It Makes a Fellow Proud to Be a Soldier", "It never ceases to amaze what they do with plastics nowadays" (a reference to Army food). Tom Lehrer may have been sarcastic and irreverent, but he was a professor at Harvard, so I don't think the usage was proscribed on the east coast at the time, either. It may be discouraged in your area/by your peers, but acceptance of its use is widespread enough that it's not a "tell" like you think it is. Chuck Entz (talk) 21:45, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

 * nowadays sounds perfectly fine to me in Texas. It is somewhat colloquial and probably would not be used very often in very formal literature, but otherwise it is fine. —Stephen (Talk) 22:15, 7 July 2013 (UTC)
 * It seems a little dated to me, but it would be cool were it to make a comeback on this newfangled Interweb. DCDuring TALK 23:16, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

It's also a noun
Otherwise, how's it analyzed in The kitchens of nowadays are more efficient than those of yesterday ? https://www.wordreference.com/definition/nowadays --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:14, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:nowadays


text:
User talk:N-true

Thank you for the comments. I knew they were forthcoming.
 * 1) There has never been any agreement to use these so-called "standardized templates" on Wiktionary. Using the language names themselves in the edit box makes life a lot easier for future editors.  It should also also make language names more findable through the use of the search function.  If I am editing an article I generally tend to replace these codes with the actual language name, and, in the absence of a community understanding on the issue, intend to continue doing so.
 * 2) If your additions and corrections to the translations were removed, that was not the intention. The order of things was also changed, and some items were even removed for no apparent reason.  When I started to edit the article I tried to maintain these changes, but because of the other issues having such a massive effect saving them became an unworkable task.  I apologize for this inadvertent effect.  I see no harm in maintaining regional dialectical variants in a language.  If the Arabic speakers of Morocco and Riyadh have a different word for something that should be noted.  Having separate lines for this does not imply that we somehow consider the dialects to be different languages, anymore than we consider British and American English to be different languages.  Removing the linking brackets from some transliterations probably makes sense.  There has been some discussion about using romanizations as article titles under some circumstances with a mixed result that would allow for this in some circumstances, but that has never reached the level of someone deciding to do the work.
 * 3) The "yellow" boxes were the result of some discussion for ways of eliminating the numbered references in translations and finding a more compact way of presenting long lists of translations. I have no attachment to the very specific yellow colour.  In working on lead I left an experiment of having this in three columns, and that too seems workable.  I don't worry too much about having the columns of equal length; anyone who feels aesthetically offended by this is free to make the minor edit.  For the very short translation lists I agree that it's a waste of time.  A useful rule of thumb might be to apply the boxes when the list is too long to see without scrolling.  Eclecticology 22:42, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Klingon
Hi André. Klingon, like all but a few constructed languages that have seen very wide use (Esp'o, Ido, Volapük, etc), is not included in the main namespace of Wiktionary. Klingon terms can be added to the appendix, like Appendix:Klingon/paq. But I think as far as Wiktionary goes, our need for e.g. Jinghpaw is far greater than for Klingon! —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:25, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I didn't know that there was such a rule. It's quite a pity, though. — N-true (talk) 23:02, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, some line has to be drawn so that not just anyone's constructed language can be in the main namespace, and we also have a very nebulous legal situation to consider when it comes to publishing a comprehensive Klingon dictionary. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 01:14, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:N-true


text:
Talk:North Carolina

Encyclopedic
encyclopedic. trim to def & move rest to wikipedia. — Hippietrail 23:54, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Discussed at Tea room/2015/August. - -sche (discuss) 18:14, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:North Carolina


text:
euphonium

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A valved brass instrument with conical tubing similar in appearance to a tuba but of higher pitch; a sax horn.

Translations

 * Arabic: بُوق
 * Armenian: էուֆոնիում
 * Azerbaijani: euphonium
 * Basque: eufonio
 * Belarusian: мілагучная гаворка
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 粗管上低音號
 * Danish: euphonium
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: eŭfono
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: ბარიტონი
 * German:
 * Hungarian: eufónium
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: eofón
 * Italian: eufonio
 * Japanese:, ユーフォニウム
 * Korean: 바들은
 * Limburgish: euphonium
 * Persian: یوفونیوم
 * Polish: eufonium
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: euphonium
 * Sicilian: bummardinu
 * Slovene: evfonij
 * Spanish: eufonio, ,
 * Thai: ยูโฟเนียม
 * Ukrainian: милозвучна мова

title: euphonium


text:
פצצה אטומית

Noun

 * 1) A-bomb, atomic bomb

title: פצצה אטומית


text:
פצצה

Etymology
based on a root,.

Noun

 * 1) a bomb
 * 2)  a bombshell something that is very surprising, shocking, amazing or sensational
 * 3)  Someone who is very physically attractive; a bombshell.
 * 4)  Something amazing or beautiful; the bomb.

Usage notes

 * The singular construct also occurs.

title: פצצה


text:
glockenspiel

Etymology
From.

Pronunciation

 * , or sometimes
 * , or sometimes
 * , or sometimes

Noun

 * 1)  A musical instrument of the percussion idiophone family of instruments; like the xylophone, it has tuned bars arranged like the keys on a piano, and is also smaller in size and higher in pitch.

Related terms

 * chimes

Translations

 * Albanian: karijon
 * Basque: kariloi
 * Bulgarian: глокеншпи́л
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 鐵片琴
 * Mandarin:, 鐘片琴
 * Czech: zvonkohra
 * Danish: klokkespil
 * Dutch: ;
 * Esperanto: kampaneto
 * Estonian: kellalüüra
 * Finnish:
 * French: ; jeu de timbres
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: klukkuspil
 * Indonesian: lonceng kumpulan
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: глокеншпил
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: klokkespill
 * Nynorsk: klokkespel
 * Polish: ; kuranty
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: zvoncici, zvonoigra
 * Slovak: zvonkohra
 * Spanish: carillón
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: glokenspil
 * Vietnamese:

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: glockenspiel


text:
Category talk:Spanish verb plus plural noun compounds

Somebody doesn't like this category
HT, what are you on!!! I respect some of your other work, but is this ;Category:Spanish verb plus plural noun compounds of interest to anyone else in the world ??? It seems like a pet project which no-one else will ever be interested in. Except that it adds unhelpful clutter to the list of categories. Please reconsider !--Richardb 14:42, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Well that's all very POV. Please expand your reasoning as in my reply on my talkpage. POV keywords: "anyone else in the world", "seems", "pet project", "no-one else", "ever", "unhelpful", "clutter". Do you feel that the category system is "full" and somehow needs to contain only more obvious data, or am I reading your comments the wrong way? — Hippietrail 01:03, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Note to self
I need to make a related category for singular words - I didn't know they existed when I began. — Hippietrail 04:16, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Clutter from main category
Spanish has quite a few compound nouns of a type not so commonly seen in the other Romance languages. They are formed with verb in the 3rd-person singular present + a noun in the plural. The noun is understood as the object of the verb, but the compound designates neither the verb nor its object, but the subject (the one that does the verb to the object) or the instrument (what one would use to do the verb to the object.) Despite the final plural suffix (which is likely to be confusing to non-native speakers), the compound is regularly a singular noun, and it is of masculine gender regardless of the gender of the component noun. Thus the verb mata ‘(he/she/it) kills’ combines with moscas ‘flies(feminine plural)’ to form matamoscas ‘flyswatter (masculine singular)’.

A close equivalent in English would be the noun sawbones, meaning ‘(frontier) doctor’. Other nouns like scarecrow or pickpocket are similar except that their component noun is singular.

As with certain other Spanish words ending in s, the plural form of these words is the same as the singular: el matamoscas, ‘the flyswatter’ los matamoscas ‘the flyswatters’. If the noun refers to a female, it will be feminine: thus a female movie-star would be una matahombres ‘a knock-out, mankiller’, not un matahombres. Sometimes, especially when the object is a mass noun or has a unique referent, it is singular, and forms its plural in the more standard way: e.g. mirasol (sees-sun) ‘sunflower’, mirasoles ‘sunflowers’.

The construction is quite productive, and new examples are not uncommon.

Deletion debate
As pointed out by the talk page, seems like a pet project that should be on a user pages. I nearly went right to WT:RFDO but I wanted some other opinions. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:44, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Moving to RFDO. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:06, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Mglovesfun (talk) 14:13, 3 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Keep, the list of redlinks is not desirable, but it's a valid, well defined category. Nadando 17:05, 3 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Keep, both the red and blue links are desirable. The list is obviously less complete without all of them in one place. Unlike many Wiktionary categories this topic has been covered numerous times in print and on other websites and this category has even attracted comment from some of authors of those. What user-specific qualities does this Spanish word-formation construct possess? — hippietrail 13:08, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't like categories as "project pages", adding a hundred red links makes it harder to find the entries that are already in the category. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:53, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Ok, ok. Mglovesfun (talk) 23:28, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

catavinos
Do you think catavinos should be added to this list? Not sure if it comes from or. --Dormouse3 (talk) 12:11, 11 March 2013 (UTC)


text:
first violinist

Noun

 * 1) A violinist who is assigned to play melody (usually more technically difficult music).

Translations

 * Finnish: ensiviulisti
 * Romanian: prim-violonist, prim-violonistă

title: first violinist


text:
call collect

Verb

 * 1)  To make a telephone call in which the cost of the call is paid by the person receiving the call.
 * 2)  To call (someone) in this way.
 * 1)  To call (someone) in this way.

Translations

 * Finnish: soittaa vastapuhelu

title: call collect


text:
second violinist

Noun

 * 1) A violinist who is assigned to play the second violin part.

title: second violinist


text:
minutia

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A minor detail, often of negligible importance.
 * They spent all their time on minutiae, never making real progress.
 * 1)  Any of the point features on fingerprints used for matching, usually endings and bifurcations of ridges.
 * 1)  Any of the point features on fingerprints used for matching, usually endings and bifurcations of ridges.

Translations

 * Catalan: minúcia, minuciositat
 * Esperanto: detaleto
 * Estonian: pisidetail
 * Finnish:
 * French: petit détail
 * German:, , winziges Detail, ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: (apró/aprólékos) részletek
 * Ido:
 * Japanese:
 * Spanish:, , ,

 * Hebrew: ,

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) smallness, minuteness
 * 2) small thing, trifle

title: minutia


text:
collectible

Alternative forms

 * (British English)

Adjective

 * 1) Worthy or suitable for collecting on historical/financial grounds, or for meeting a personal aesthetic.
 * collectible stamps, collectible china, collectible Beatles memorabilia
 * 1) Rightfully subject to payment.
 * a collectible bill
 * 1) That is likely to be paid.
 * He's owed it to us for six months, but it doesn't look very collectible to me.

Translations

 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:

Noun

 * 1) An object which someone might want to collect.

title: collectible


text:
argumentative

Etymology
From Late, from , (modern 🇨🇬) and , , from  +.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to argumentation; specifically, presenting a logical argument or line of reasoning; argumentive, discursive.
 * 2) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.
 * 1) Prone to argue or dispute.

Translations

 * Portuguese:

 * Albanian:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Cebuano: palaaway, pilosopo
 * Chinese:
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, přivý , škorpivý , vadivý
 * Danish: stridbar
 * Dutch: twistgierig, ,
 * Esperanto: disputema
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: საკამათო
 * German:, streitlustig
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐριστικός, φιλόνεικος
 * Interlingua: argumentative
 * Irish: aighneasach, argóinteach, conspóideach
 * Italian:, , ataccabrighe,
 * Japanese: 理屈っぽい, 議論好きの
 * Macedonian: препирлив
 * Maori: pākani, pakapaka
 * Polish:, , swarliwy
 * Portuguese: discutidor
 * Romanian: argumentativ, cu argumente, plin de argumente
 * Scottish Gaelic: connsachail, connspaideach
 * Spanish:, peleón, polemista, , , , , peleonero
 * Swedish: diskussionslysten,

title: argumentative


text:
Talk:out of

Matching up synonyms
It's not clear how best to match up the synonyms. If all four can match both senses (2) and (3), then (2) and (3) should probably be collapsed. Here are my very subjective assessments.

 * The cat is exterior to the bag. Sounds affected, but makes sense.
 * The cat is external to the bag. Sounds dodgy to me, curious what others might think
 * The cat is outside of the bag. Sounds overly emphatic, but makes sense
 * The cat is without the bag. Not able to say. Guessing this wouldn't be said.

 * This is exterior to my area of expertise. Sounds wrong.
 * This is external to my area of expertise. Sounds fine.
 * This is outside of my area of expertise. Sounds fine.
 * This is without my area of expertise. Not able to say, but guessing this is fine.

That the two test sentences have different degrees of success with at least some of the synonyms strongly suggests there are separate senses involved.

Note that none of these works with senses (1), (4) or (5) (except maybe without, but I'm skeptical). -dmh 03:11, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I argued her out of leaving
What meaning is used in I argued her out of leaving ? --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:49, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

 * "So as no longer to be in a given condition or state." Equinox ◑ 03:09, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

In, especially intermittently in
He works out of the main office --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:17, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

 * ✅ Bizarre... Equinox ◑ 03:11, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

rob money out of the till
rob money out of the till --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:04, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Nonidiomatic
Let's cut out of here. --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:10, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

The ship sank 10 miles out of Stockholm
I don't think this meaning is covered yet --Backinstadiums (talk) 08:23, 27 April 2021 (UTC)

"Based out of", etc. actually meaning "in"
See discussion at Talk:based. Equinox ◑ 23:03, 16 July 2022 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May 2024
RFV adverb sense:

Don't understand this. Don't understand how the usage example is adverbial, or even really what it is supposed to refer to, or how it relates to the definition. Listing here in case anyone else can find anything useful in it. Mihia (talk) 21:39, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Hm, it occurred to me subsequently that this could be about uses such as "the rock is submerged at high tide, but at low tide it's six feet out of the water". Still wouldn't be adverbial though. Mihia (talk) 00:16, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I read it as referring to distance along a path that starts inside the place in question: "I found the seaweed five meters out of the ocean, above the high-tide line- how did it get there?", Chuck Entz (talk) Chuck Entz (talk) 00:30, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In the Online Collaborative Dictoanry of English through I found:
 * Out of, a phrase [sic] which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, ["]from the interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive, departure, separation, loss, etc.["]; -- opposed to in or into; also with verbs of being, "the state of being derived, removed, or separated from." Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance.
 * I don't see how the "phrase" can fruitfully be considered an adverb, though out alone is. In principle this seems like an RfD matter, not one for RfV. DCDuring (talk) 01:53, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, now we've established that presumably it refers to existing (or should-be-existing) prepositional senses, I'll move it to RFD. Mihia (talk) 09:57, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

RFD discussion: May–June 2024
RFD adverb sense:

Vague definition. Example is apparently not adverbial but analogous to existing prepositional example "His feet rested out of the water". Mihia (talk) 10:03, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I agree, it doesn't seem to be an adverb, but a preposition. DonnanZ (talk) 11:06, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

 * RFD-deleted. Mihia (talk) 17:40, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:out of


text:
second violin

Noun

 * 1) The second violin part in an orchestral score, generally a harmony to the first violin's melody and generally less technically demanding.

title: second violin


text:
second fiddle

Noun

 * 1)  A fiddle part in harmony to the first fiddle.
 * The second fiddle on that tune is almost as hard as the first fiddle.
 * 1)  The person playing second fiddle.
 * I've been second fiddle in that orchestra for ten years now.
 * 1)  A sidekick or subordinate, or the role of such a person.
 * I'm tired of being your second fiddle!

Translations

 * Finnish: toinen viulu
 * French: second violon
 * Italian: secondo violino
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Polish: drugie skrzypce
 * Russian: втора́я скри́пка,

 * Finnish: toinen viulu
 * French: second violon
 * Italian: secondo violino
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Polish: drugie skrzypce
 * Russian: втора́я скри́пка

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Russian: втора́я скри́пка
 * Spanish:

 * German:
 * Swedish: (to play the second fiddle)

title: second fiddle


text:
fiddle

Etymology
From, from , from , from , of uncertain etymology. Some contest that the Germanic terms are borrowed variations of (see ); others contest that the word has a separate origin within Germanic languages, and still others believe that the Late Latin term for the stringed instrument is a borrowing from Germanic as a change of Latin t to Germanic þ is highly improbable, yet Germanic þ to Latin t is well documented (see, , etc.). Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, ), 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). The change from to  in modern English is regular; compare,  (in , it was prevented; see that entry for discussion).

Noun

 * , a small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin, shoulder, chest or on the upper thigh and played with a bow; the position of a violinist in a band; any of various bowed stringed instruments, particularly those of the violin family when played non-classically.
 * 1) * c. 1275,, , Cotton Caligula A.IX, l. 3490:
 * ...Of harpe & of salteriun. of fiðele & of coriun...
 * : an unserious person entertaining a group.
 * You would not have your Son the Fiddle to every jovial Company.
 * 1)  Unskillful or unartful behavior, particularly when showy and superficially pleasing.
 * , a fraud or swindle.
 * 1) * 1947 June 22, , p. 4:
 * Says Bevin: 'I want peace... and we shan't get it unless we deal with one another as friends. I will be a party to no fiddles.'
 * 1) * 1959 Sept. 4, , p. 297:
 * I know you'll think this is one of my fiddles. At my last parish we raffled a horse and trap,... a clothes horse and a mousetrap.
 * , a quick and less than perfect solution for some flaw or problem.
 * 1)  Any rail or device that prevents items from sliding off a table, stove, etc. in rough water.
 * 2)  A trifling amount.
 * 3) Something resembling a violin in shape, particularly:
 * 4)  A dock  with leaves supposed to resemble the musical instrument.
 * 5) A long pole pulled by a draft animal to drag loose straw, hay, etc.
 * 6) A rack for drying pottery after glazing.
 * 1)  A trifling amount.
 * 2) Something resembling a violin in shape, particularly:
 * 3)  A dock  with leaves supposed to resemble the musical instrument.
 * 4) A long pole pulled by a draft animal to drag loose straw, hay, etc.
 * 5) A rack for drying pottery after glazing.
 * 1) Something resembling a violin in shape, particularly:
 * 2)  A dock  with leaves supposed to resemble the musical instrument.
 * 3) A long pole pulled by a draft animal to drag loose straw, hay, etc.
 * 4) A rack for drying pottery after glazing.

Usage notes

 * The distinction between and fiddles is typically contextual and cultural. The same instrument is considered a  when playing classical music in formal settings, a fiddle when playing folk or country music, and variously described in other settings (such as jazz and rock) depending whichever term seems more appropriate to the speaker. Use of fiddle long predates the 16th century development of the modern violin but its use for other string instruments is almost obsolete; its use for other instruments of the violin family usually requires some explanatory adjective, such as.

Translations

 * Catalan: balancera
 * Finnish: reunalista
 * German: Schiffsgeländer
 * Italian:

Verb

 * 1)  To play the fiddle or violin, particularly in a folk or country style.
 * 2)  To fidget or play; to idly amuse oneself, to act aimlessly, idly, or frivolously, particularly out of nervousness or restlessness.
 * 3)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.
 * 1)  To fidget or play; to idly amuse oneself, to act aimlessly, idly, or frivolously, particularly out of nervousness or restlessness.
 * 2)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.
 * 1)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.
 * 1)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.
 * 1)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.
 * 1)  To cheat or swindle; to commit fraud.

Translations

 * Czech: šumařit
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: vinguttaa viulua ; soittaa viulua
 * Hungarian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: marnit
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Japanese: いじり回す
 * Maori: rāwekeweke, rahurahu, raukoti
 * Occitan: bidolhar
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: тра́тить вре́мя по́пусту, ,

title: fiddle


text:
first fiddle

Noun

 * 1) The fiddle part generally carrying the melody.
 * O'Neil played a lively first fiddle.
 * 1) The player of the first fiddle part.
 * O'Neil had been first fiddle in the band for years.
 * 1) One who takes a leading part in anything.

title: first fiddle


text: lead fiddle

title: lead fiddle


text:
fiddler

Etymology
From, from , from. .

So called because the fiddle would sometimes be played to cheer the sailors working there.

Noun

 * 1) One who plays the fiddle.
 * 2) One who fiddles; a cheat.
 * 3) * 2005, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, The drama of my life (in The Independent online, )
 * We were the self-controlled, cautious, nifty merchants, decorous fiddlers of accounts, hoarders of wealth, excellent bribers, family and community creatures governed by manners.
 * 1) One who fiddles or tweaks.
 * 2) A burrowing crab of the genus Gelasimus, of many species. The male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle.
 * 3) The common European sandpiper ; so called because it habitually wags its tail up and down resembling the back and forth movement of a fiddler.
 * 4) A large species of cicada,, of eastern Australia; cherry nose.
 * 5)  A coin of little value: a sixpence or a farthing.
 * 6)  The capstan-house on a steamer.
 * 1)  The capstan-house on a steamer.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: цигулар
 * Czech:
 * Danish: spillemand
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: მევიოლინე
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: fidléir
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: spellemann, spillemann
 * Nynorsk: spelemann
 * Ottoman Turkish: كامنچه‌جی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: rabequista, rabequeiro
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: fìdhlear
 * Swedish: fiolspelman,

title: fiddler


text:
pay the fiddler

Verb

 * 1)  To face the consequences of one's actions.
 * The three-day party had been a lot of fun, but now it was time to pay the fiddler.
 * 1)  To contribute in order to participate.
 * If you want to dance, you’ve got to pay the fiddler

title: pay the fiddler


text:
agacer

Etymology
, from, from , influenced by (modern ).

Verb

 * 1) to irritate
 * 2) to tease
 * 1) to tease

title: agacer


text:
स्निह्

Etymology
From. The meaning of "to love, be attached" may have evolved from a secondary slang meaning of snow: "to stick, remain", referring to the nature of snow, as well as "whitish bodily fluids which are compared to snow, notably snot and spit", to stick to itself. Another example in this context is semen. This offers two senses of development:
 * as a simile of companionship, love: "sticking with someone"
 * as a euphemism for the act of making love, involving body fluids: "sticky like snow"

Root

 * 1) to be adhesive or sticky or glutinous or viscid or moist, to be adherent, to cling
 * 2) to be fixed upon
 * 3) to be attached to or fond of, feel affection for, love
 * 4) to make unctuous or greasy or moist
 * 5) to render pliant or subject, subdue
 * 6) to kill, slay

Noun

 * 1) wetness, moisture

Declension
Grammarians also allow nominative singular on -ट (-ṭ).

Adjective

 * 1) loving, affectionate

title: स्निह्


text:
तन्तुवाय

Noun

 * 1) spider
 * 2) weaver

title: तन्तुवाय


text:
आसन

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sitting
 * 2) mode of sitting, posture, attitude, position
 * 3) seat, place, stool
 * 4)  a small carpet or deer-skin on which Hindus sit during prayer
 * 5)  asana

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from (whence 🇨🇬). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) seat, chair
 * 2) a comfortable position
 * 3) sitting, sitting down, the way of sitting
 * 4) sitting in peculiar posture according to the custom of devotees
 * 5) halting, stopping, encamping
 * 6) abiding, dwelling
 * 7) seat, place, stool
 * 8) the withers of an elephant, the part where the driver sits
 * 9) maintaining a post against an enemy

title: आसन


text:
अहम्

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬).

Pronoun

 * 1) I

Descendants

 * Dardic:
 * Middle Indo-Aryan:
 * Jain ,
 * Middle Indo-Aryan:
 * Jain ,
 * Jain ,
 * Jain ,
 * Jain ,
 * Jain ,
 * Jain ,

title: अहम्


text:
संस्कृत

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sanskrit

Adjective

 * 1) perfect, refined

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sanskrit

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sanskrit

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) put together, constructed, well or completely formed, perfected
 * 2) made ready, prepared, completed, finished
 * 3) dressed, cooked (as food)
 * 4) purified, consecrated, sanctified, hallowed, initiated
 * 5) refined, adorned, ornamented, polished, highly elaborated (especially applied to highly wrought speech, such as the Sanskrit language, as opposed to the vernaculars)
 * 6)  conditioned; brought about by conditions
 * 1) purified, consecrated, sanctified, hallowed, initiated
 * 2) refined, adorned, ornamented, polished, highly elaborated (especially applied to highly wrought speech, such as the Sanskrit language, as opposed to the vernaculars)
 * 3)  conditioned; brought about by conditions
 * 1) refined, adorned, ornamented, polished, highly elaborated (especially applied to highly wrought speech, such as the Sanskrit language, as opposed to the vernaculars)
 * 2)  conditioned; brought about by conditions
 * 1)  conditioned; brought about by conditions
 * 1)  conditioned; brought about by conditions
 * 1)  conditioned; brought about by conditions

Noun

 * 1) a man of one of the three classes who has been sanctified by the purificatory rites
 * 2) learned man
 * 3) a word formed according to accurate rules, a regular derivation

Noun

 * 1) making ready, preparation or a prepared place, sacrifice
 * 2) sacred usage or custom
 * 3) Sanskrit language (compare above)
 * 4)  conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned
 * 1) Sanskrit language (compare above)
 * 2)  conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned
 * 1)  conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned
 * 1)  conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned
 * 1)  conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned

title: संस्कृत


text:
वद्

Etymology
Likely from, and cognate with 🇨🇬 (per Calvert Watkins), whence 🇨🇬, as well as with , 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) to speak

Root
10 U

title: वद्


text:
समुद्र

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) sea

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sea

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sea

Etymology
From + ; synchronically analyseable as. Related to and.

Noun

 * 1) any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean

title: समुद्र


text:
svelte

Etymology
From, from , past participle of , from , from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Attractively thin; gracefully slender.
 * 2) Refined, delicate.
 * 1) Refined, delicate.
 * 1) Refined, delicate.
 * 1) Refined, delicate.
 * 1) Refined, delicate.

Usage notes
Used mainly as a compliment, whereas words like, and  could be used in negative connotations.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:slender

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 苗條, 苗條
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: seangchruthach
 * Italian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: schlank
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, esbelta
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:, hienovarainen
 * Russian:

 * Arabic: هيفاء,رشيق, ممشوق القامة

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) thin; slender

Etymology 1
From, from. The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

 * 1)  to feel hungry
 * 2)  to starve

Noun

 * 1) hunger, starvation
 * 2)  a two player card game wherein the goal is to "starve" the opponent of all their card

Etymology 2
Causative of. From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to starve (someone)

title: svelte


text:
वच्

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) to say, speak, utter
 * 2) to proclaim, declare
 * 3) to recite
 * 4) to revile

title: वच्


text:
User:Quite/monobook.css

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title: User:Quite/monobook.css


text: hen's teeth

title: hen's teeth


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛbə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ĕbə(r), /-ɛbə(r)/, /-Eb@(r)/

Two syllables

 * Webber

title: Rhymes:English/ɛbə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛtʃə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ĕchə(r), /-ɛtʃə(r)/, /-EtS@(r)/

Two syllables

 * catcher
 * etcher
 * fetcher
 * Fletcher
 * fletcher
 * lecher
 * sketcher
 * stretcher
 * treacher

title: Rhymes:English/ɛtʃə(ɹ)


text:
A-sharp major

Noun

 * 1)  the theoretical major key with A-sharp as its tonic and the notes A#, B#, C𝄪, D#, E#, F𝄪, G𝄪.
 * 2)  the major chord with a root of A-sharp
 * 1)  the major chord with a root of A-sharp

Translations

 * Finnish: ais-duuri
 * French:
 * German: Ais-dur
 * Greek: λα δίεση μείζονα
 * Italian: la diesis maggiore
 * Polish: Ais-dur
 * Russian: ля-дие́з мажо́р
 * Spanish: la sostenido mayor

title: A-sharp major


text:
mycket

Etymology
Originally neuter singular of, from , , accusative singular of , from , from , from.

Adverb

 * 1) much, a lot
 * 2)  very
 * 1)  very
 * 1)  very

title: mycket


text:
mest

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) most; to the highest degree
 * 2) most; in the largest quantity
 * 1) most; in the largest quantity

Adverb

 * 1) mostly; for the most part
 * 2) most of the time
 * 1) most of the time

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Probably derived from +.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More distantly related to 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dung
 * 2) fertilizer

Usage notes
Mest is in modern usage masculine in the Netherlands, but may also be neuter in Belgium.

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) most

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, see there for more.

Verb

 * 1) to throw

Adjective

 * 1) drunk

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) most; used in construction of superlative of long/foreign adjectives

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) most; used in construction of superlative of long/foreign adjectives
 * 2) almost

Synonyms

 * (almost):

Etymology
From,. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Adverb

 * 1) most

Etymology
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) mostly, most of the time
 * 2) mostly, mainly; to the larger part
 * : most
 * : most
 * : most

Noun

 * 1) tomorrow

title: mest


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛdə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ĕdə(r), /-ɛdə(ɹ)/, /-Ed@(r)/

Two syllables

 * Cheddar
 * header
 * shredder
 * spreader
 * Tedder
 * threader

Three syllables

 * Enzedder

title: Rhymes:English/ɛdə(ɹ)


text:
treacher

Etymology
From, from (modern ), from ,. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A traitor or deceiver.

title: treacher


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛfə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ĕfə(r), /-ɛfə(r)/, /-Ef@(r)/

Three syllables

 * 4Fer

title: Rhymes:English/ɛfə(ɹ)


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛdʒə(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ĕjə(r), /-ɛdʒə(r)/, /-EdZ@(r)/

Two syllables

 * dredger
 * ledger
 * pledger
 * sledger

title: Rhymes:English/ɛdʒə(ɹ)


text:
A major

Noun

 * 1)  The major key with A as its tonic, with the notes A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯, the key signature of which has three sharps.
 * 2)  The major chord with a root of A.
 * 1)  The major chord with a root of A.

Translations

 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew: לה מג'ור
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: A-dúr
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 가장조
 * Romanian: la major
 * Russian: ля мажо́р
 * Spanish: la mayor
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch: ,
 * Greek: Λα μείζονα, Λα ματζόρε
 * Hungarian:
 * Spanish: la mayor

title: A major


text:
A-dur

Noun

 * 1)  A major

Noun

 * 1)  A major

Noun

 * 1) A major

Noun

 * 1) A major

title: A-dur


text:
la majeur

Noun

 * 1) A major

title: la majeur


text:
la maggiore

Noun

 * 1)  A major

title: la maggiore


text:
ля мажор

Noun

 * 1)  A major

title: ля мажор


text:
A-flat major

Noun

 * 1)  The major key with A-flat as its tonic, with the notes A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, and G, the key signature of which has four flats.
 * 2)  The major chord with a root of A-flat.
 * 1)  The major chord with a root of A-flat.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 降A大調
 * Dutch: As majeur
 * Finnish:
 * French: la bémol majeur
 * German: As-dur
 * Icelandic: as-dúr
 * Italian: la bemolle maggiore
 * Korean:
 * Russian: ля-бемо́ль мажо́р
 * Serbo-Croatian: As-dur
 * Spanish: la bemol mayor
 * Swedish:

title: A-flat major


text:
la bémol majeur

Noun

 * 1) A-flat major

title: la bémol majeur


text:
As-Dur

Noun

 * 1) A-flat major

title: As-Dur


text:
la bemolle maggiore

Noun

 * 1) A-flat major

title: la bemolle maggiore


text:
ля-бемоль мажор

Noun

 * 1)  A-flat major

title: ля-бемоль мажор