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User talk:Pengo/Archive 0

--Connel MacKenzie 19:16, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

User:Pengo/Latin/Top 1000
Ummm... When you say "Interlingua", do you mean "Translingual"? Interlingua is a constructed language like Esperanto; Translingual means "used in many languages". --EncycloPetey 03:11, 6 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oops you're right. I must have seen it on some entries and gotten mixed up. Pengo 03:14, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

I also notice that you're not grouping forms of the same word, so that, , and are listed separately, as are  and  or  and. I wonder if it would be better to organize the list to group these, since (1) it will make entry creation simpler for people using the list, and (2) epithets can change from one form to another when new combinations result from synonymy or splitting (if the new genus is of a different grammatical gender). --EncycloPetey 03:21, 6 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Hmm.. Might be tricky. I'll see what I can do. --Pengo 03:49, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi there. I've had a go at User:Pengo/Latin/Top 100. You might like to rebuild it sometime (ideally without the colours!). Cheers. SemperBlotto 17:23, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks so much! Pengo 04:44, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

apiculatus (apiculata)
Hi there. I think that this must be correct, but there is just the outside chance that it is related to apicula: (a little bee). The images that I have found look more like hats than bees though. Cheers. SemperBlotto 16:42, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Seems right from my evidence: "Abrupt, short point". Full reply on your talk. Pengo 20:24, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

luctuosa
We have a standard Latin entry for this (see luctuosus:), but I don't see a zoological meaning. (ditto plagiata:)

By the way:- 1) I am planning on continuing this project until at least the end of the year, but sometime I am going back to work on Italian words. 2) I am adding epithets based on surnames as Translingual rather than Latin terms. You can find them at Category:Translingual adjectives. Most of them do not specify a particular naturalist - you might be able to improve those that don't. Cheers SemperBlotto 12:13, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi SemperBlotto!

 * Thanks for all your work! Glad you're still going for a while longer. I've been working on writing up a piece about the lists on WikiProject Tree of Life to try to attract some editors to this project. Also I've been slowly increasing my confidence in editing here to try adding to the new entries too, or to try create easier entries (like compound words similar to existing entries).

 * Yep, I noticed the Transligual entries. Makes sense. It could be argued that the other entries that are used "exclusively as a taxonomic epithet" could be considered translingual as well. Though in the end I'm not too concerned one way or the other. I know I've argued about the translingual vs Latin thing before, but my main worry has been more about editors being discouraged from creating new entries by the lack of guidelines on which heading to choose rather than which heading gets used over the other.

 * For luctuosus, the only fitting common name I could find was that of the Widow Skimmer (Libellula luctuosa), which has black bands on its wings that might look like the black lace veil of someone in mourning. Similarly, the Black-and-white Seedeater could be construed to be wearing mourning dress, as could the White-flanked Antwren|. The frog Bokermannohyla luctuosa looks like it's depressed here. I suspect that facial expression isn't uncommon for frogs, but then there's at least three luctuosa frog species. So I guess the taxonomic meaning is an anthropomorphic version of the Latin meaning, something like "appearing to be in mourning dress" or "appearing to be sad".

 * Plagiata/plagiatus I'm not sure about. It might relate to "plagiarism" (which seems to be the precise meaning in Italian at least). Which would make me think it would be used for "false" species (though I can find no evidence of the word "false" specifically being used in association with any plagiata species). Still, perhaps it's used for species which look like better known ones, but that's only purely a guess. Pengo 00:58, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

hyointestinalis
This one if from the current edition of Nature, rather than your lists. It is from a nasty bacterium. I understand the "intestinalis" part, but what has it got to do with the hyoid bone? SemperBlotto 17:40, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

 * My guess would be it's horseshoe shaped, but my guess would be wrong.

 * I found a paper where they describe this one, and it says Hyos = pig (from Greek), intestinalis = associated with intestines. Hyosintestinalis = associated with pig intestines. The paper is here: first page, half way down right column (starting with "Streptoccus intestinalis sp. nov.")

 * Merry Christmas Pengo 22:06, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Well done. Buon natale. No more questions till after Christmas. SemperBlotto 22:17, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

gondii
I can't think of a sensible definition of this. Any ideas? SemperBlotto 19:52, 27 December 2011 (UTC) p.s. not yet in your lists!

 * Looks like you found the meaning already. "Named for the gundi rodent," or "gundi (posessive)"? or something, I guess? Gundi is from "dialectal Arabic" according to random house/dictionary.com. I don't know if gondi/gondii is just a different transliteration. Pengo 21:43, 27 December 2011 (UTC)

A resource!
Have you seen ? I found it when looking for the meaning of thetaiotaomicron:. SemperBlotto 17:05, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Wow, that's quite a bizarre collection (especially the "puns"). The site should help with the stranger entries I hope. My favourite so far: "Erythroneura ix Myers (leafhopper) This was Myers' 9th species of Erythroneura." Pengo 17:38, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

macrantha
I have defined this as "having large flowers". But could it mean having large thorns (Greek akanthus as in pyracanthus)? SemperBlotto 10:12, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I can't find anything definitive, so going off Google image search the pictures of macrantha look like large flowers, while micrantha shows small flowers (though you've defined it as small anthers? Which could be right too?). If acantha is for thorns, I'm guessing large thorns would be macracantha (27) or gigacantha (2) or megacantha (9) or macroacantha (3). See also polyantha. Pengo 22:49, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Anatomical Latin
Hi there. Just a note to say that all "Latin" terms in otherwise English texts are not all botanical or zoological. See weitbrechti: and ligamentosus: as examples. Cheers. SemperBlotto 08:19, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

knaggsiella
I have taken the liberty of adding this one, even though it gets a single hit, because the epithetical person was a distant relative of mine (same surname). He wrote a couple of very good books on entomology for young people (I'm waiting for a cheap version to appear on Amazon). I wonder why they used the -iella suffix instead of just -i or -ii? SemperBlotto 11:09, 23 January 2012 (UTC) p.s. His son (Henry Valentine Knaggs) was more interesting (I have one of his books)

 * Very cool :) I completely don't understand the different suffixes used in Latin or in these epithets except for the conventions that I think I've learned working on this. Looks like -iella is pretty popular within the Caryocolum genus though Pengo 12:01, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Catalogue of Life
Hi there. I would like to use this source to get a list of all phyla, classes etc (probably not much further down) to see which ones we haven't got. But the "Browse taxonomic classification" screen won't let me copy/paste the drop-down lists. Is there a better way that copy/pasting each entry? SemperBlotto 17:11, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

 * It's a bit tricky. The queries get complex when traversing taxonomic levels and I haven't abstracted that process (yet). Can we just copy from WikiSpecies? Added bonus of already being wikified. E.g. Phyla from Animalia:

Acanthocephala - Annelida - Arthropoda - Brachiopoda - Bryozoa - Chaetognatha - Chordata - Cnidaria - Ctenophora - Cycliophora - Dicyemida - Echinodermata - Echiura - Entoprocta - Gastrotricha - Gnathostomulida - Hemichordata - Kinorhyncha - Loricifera - Micrognathozoa - Mollusca - Monoblastozoa - Myxozoa - Myzostomida - Nematoda - Nematomorpha - Nemertea - Onychophora - Orthonectida - Phoronida - Placozoa - Platyhelminthes - Porifera - Priapulida - Rotifera - Sipuncula - Tardigrada - Xenacoelomorpha

 * If that doesn't work, let me know and I'll give it a go. I'm actually starting a new job today so won't be able to dedicate as much time to this, but I want to at least finish making a new list of epithets (and another for genre). (todo list: I still haven't included synonyms, and I want to combine -a -um -us etc entries this time, etc). I gotta run. Cheers Pengo 19:54, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

pongo
I notice that, in your popular primates section, you do not include itself. We only have other language definitions. What should we actually do for cases of species with the name X x (Ratus ratus: and the like)? They seem to be the archetype of the genus - the rattiest rat, most orangutang-like orangutang etc. SemperBlotto 08:32, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * p.s. I'm wondering why the orchid Bulbophyllum paniscus: is a small chimpanzee. SemperBlotto 09:57, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * p.p.s. And I'm wondering why the insects Melambrotus papio: and Nemopterella papio: are baboon-like. SemperBlotto 10:28, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * p.p.p.s. Many of the red links in your Tetrapod section are due to piping one word to another. (e.g. Aves => Bird) SemperBlotto 10:49, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * p.p.p.p.s Do you think that my assumption in is correct? (no more questions for a while, I'll do something else) SemperBlotto 12:03, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi SemperBlotto! Always good to hear from you.
 * All I know about Ratus ratus etc is they're called tautonyms. According to List of tautonyms, exact tauntonyms only exist in zoology but not botany. I don't think tautonyms have a special significance, though often they seem to (like Ratus ratus and Gorilla gorilla). Might be nice to start a category for them, but don't think there's anything else special that needs to be done.
 * Simia capuchin is a type species which I found on Capuchin monkey, which is how it got on the list even though COL doesn't have it listed.
 * I only left out pongo because it only seems to be used as a genus and not an epithet (though looking now it gets used as an epithet in Tanais pongo -- a crustacean). I've been systematically ignoring the genera so far, but want to get to them at some point. I think they could be created in some sort of automated fashion (other than the etymology), and I haven't gotten around to thinking about that too hard as yet. But please feel free to create pages for the genus or whatever else I haven't explicitly linked.
 * I have no idea why paniscus is used for both chimps and orchids. Maybe the orchid is named for Pangkal Pinang (that's a stab in the dark). Looks like it's had a few different names though . Looks like there's a few other similarly named orchids (Bulbophyllum pan, B. pandanetorum B. pandurella B. pantoblepharon). Bulbophyllum is a huge genus. No idea really, sorry.
 * Melambrotus papio.. I dunno.. maybe related to Papilio? Or, as it is an owlfly, which have "with large bulging eyes". Maybe its eyes are red and resemble a baboon's butt? I dunno. I'll have another look at these tomorrow. ... Nemopterella papio is apparently published in "Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm." So if you wanted to track that down it might have the answer :)
 * Oops didn't notice the pipes when I copy-pasted that Tetrapod bit. I've unpiped it now and kept both halves.
 * "apella = small ape" seems reasonable but would be good to confirm it somewhere. (Can't find anything on this but I've added the ancient greek meaning)
 * Sorry couldn't be more helpful. I might try asking on some forums at some point

Pengo 20:12, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

cuspidatum
I don't think that binomial species names should be italicized in Latin entries. Do you know whether the standard in taxonomy is to italicize them in Latin species descriptions? I think that only if such is the standard should they be capitalized. OTOH, even if the standard is not for such italicization in Latin, it is at least arguable that the Translingual entries for species names should be. I have always focused on the practice of italicization of species names in English and do not know whether their italicization is the practice in all languages or all languages that have a Roman alphabet. Do you? DCDuring TALK 18:47, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I know in English it's standard to italicize them everywhere. I don't know if there's any special standard for dictionary entries, and I did notice others don't use italics either on Wiktionary, so I haven't been 100%. But the only time I know that you don't usually italicize scientific names (Genera, binomial, or trinomial) is on a typewriter, in which case you underline them instead. I have no clue about other languages though, so let's have a look.

 * I tried Lion (Panthera leo) for my sample set because it's probably the most popular species article on Wikipedia and I figured it would have a lot of translations. I clicked through to all the various non-Roman-script languages to see what was used on different Wikipedias. These are my results:
 * Italics: kbd, am, ab, ar, av, ba, zh-min-nan, be, be-x-old, bg, bxr, cv, cs, ru, cu, el, jp, he (18 languages)
 * No italics: arc, ka (2 languages)

 * It's a pretty quick survey and it's not the most definitive thing ever, but it seems pretty likely that italics are generally used across almost all languages. I didn't count languages where the scientific name appeared in the taxobox or references but never in main body of text (though I only noticed one other example of non-italics in a taxobox, and references were generally italicized too—although possibly due to copy-pasting). The ignored languages (due to not using it in the text) were: bn, bo, pnb, ps, ta, hy, hi, gu, got, fa, ha. The Latin article (la) also used italics.

 * So at this point I reckon they should probably be italicized unless there's a special objection to do with dictionary formatting. Pengo 07:38, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for doing the research. At least now we know of the apparent validity of italicization in many languages. I still don't see why they should be italicized in Latin entries under the logic (admittedly a prescriptive consideration) we have that such binomials are grammatically Latin terms. I can't find use of "Panthera leo" in texts that reflect usage after the modern standardization of taxonomic names. Linnaeus didn't italicize, of course. DCDuring TALK 15:49, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
 * BTW, because of your research, this discussion might be useful in Category talk:Taxonomic names or a Wiktionary page. DCDuring TALK 15:52, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Seems like something for the beer parlour. In the end I don't really know if they should be considered translingual "descendants" or Latin "derived terms", or what. Anyway a wider discussion would be helpful. Pengo 04:14, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

spathifer
Can't figure this one. Any ideas? SemperBlotto (talk) 07:32, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Great to see you still making progress! Spathifer seems to mean spade-bearing or spatula-bearing or "broad two-edged sword" bearing. "Spathe" might also be from Greek origin, the word σπάθη, which refers to "a flat blade used by weavers for striking the threads of the woof home, so as to make the web close". Or spathe of a plant. I got these answers by asking on Reddit, see all the responses: . Pengo (talk) 19:53, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

xylostella (and xylostellus, xylostellum)
Looks like it ought to refer to woody stars, but Plutella xylostella: is named the diamondback moth:. Any ideas? SemperBlotto (talk) 10:39, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Hey SemperBlotto, I tracked it down the moth. Xylostella refers to Lonicera xylosteum, a plant on which it is "supposed to" have fed on:

"The specific scientific name appended to that of Plutella (namely cruciferarum) is a very appropriate one, as it well describes the habits of the caterpillar in mainly feeding on cruciferous plants, namely those of the Cabbage kind. The word Xylostella appended to Cerostoma, by which synonym this moth was formerly known, refers to the habit it was, in early days of observation, supposed to have of feeding on the Lonicera Xylosteum, L., the upright or two-flowered honeysuckle, a shrub to be found in thickets, and more especially in Sussex."
 * —Eleanor Anne Ormerod Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1891 - Beneficial insects (full text)

 * Why Lonicera xylosteum is called that I'm not sure. Pengo (talk) 02:17, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

New list of wanted taxa
See User:DCDuring/MissingTaxa. It is based on two or more occurrences of a taxon enclosed in. It is just another listing to consider. I will update it from time to time, now that I know how.

I am also trying to do lists of specific epithets that are missing in wiktionary entries. See Category:Species entry using missing Translingual specific epithet and Category:Species entry using missing Latin specific epithet. Your listings, as valuable as they are, overwhelmed me. DCDuring TALK 23:22, 2 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Nice one. My lists need a heap of tidying up and maintenance, which I haven't been able to dedicate time to for a while. If you scroll down to the red links, User:Pengo/Latin/Most Common Epithets 1 still contains the most "important" missing epithets, if you're interested. I never finished putting together a list of the most searched for species though. Pengo (talk) 02:47, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

Advice sought
In my efforts to make a useful set of entries for taxonomic names, I am focusing on those that correspond to normal-language entries, ie, not Translingual. Inserting is a somewhat labor-intensive way of achieving that. I have already done searchbox searches for the words species and genus and added wherever it was appropriate. I have tried looking at categories like Category:en:Fruits etc.

Whenever a new taxon is added, I add taxlink wherever appropriate to any redlinked taxonomic name contained in entries that contain the taxon and plain links to at least the first use in an L2. In doing this, I notice that there are many entries which offer no obvious clue that they contain a taxonomic name. That means that I would have to do a more all-encompassing search to find them. I can't really search for "all" taxonomic names or rather it is silly to try as there are millions, most of which are of interest only to specialists to whom Wiktionary is not a plausible resource. So, I would like to exclude all subgeneric names and all specific epithets from my searches. That means all the words I am looking for should be capitalized in Wiktionary and effectively all are single words. I can get a usable list of all entry titles in Wikispecies, which could be reduced to the one-word titles. The intersection of WS one-word titles and capitalized words appearing in definitions worded in English in Wiktionary (excluding sentence-initial capitals and those from abbreviation entries if that is feasible and speeds things up), removing duplicates, would be a valuable list for subsequent use:
 * 1) all redlinks are candidates for addition;
 * 2) all blue links should be linkified at least once in each L2 in which they appear in a definition or list.

Some of this I can do or can learn to do with dump processing using Perl or Python (recommendations about language?)

Linkification would seem botworthy. I know nothing about bots. What course of action do you recommend?

What is an efficient way to produce the list of capitalized words not sentence-initial? Is this likely to take hours, days? (I wish I had installed 64-bit Windows so I could use more than 4 Gb of RAM.)

Am I missing some alternative? Am I thinking about this wrong?

Please answer at your convenience. If you think I should try someone else, please make a recommendation. DCDuring TALK 19:28, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Hi DCDuring. Interesting problem. The processing/bot work I've done, I've used Python and a MediaWiki API/library (WikiTools) and worked from database dumps. I don't know how familiar you are with programming, but even if you are experienced, it can quickly become a very time-consuming and involved process to get anything working well. Things that might seem like they should take hours can end up taking days, so I don't really recommend it unless you really want to learn the skills, or want to invest time in creating an automated fix, (and if you do, then I'd recommend Python. 4GB is not an important limit, as you never keep any entire database in memory at once). However, there is an alternative...

 * I've just had a play with AutoWikiBrowser to see if it would be feasible to use for this, and while it doesn't really seem designed specifically for this sort of thing, it has some powerful tools around filtering and processing lists of pages and I think it could do the job.

 * Here's the rough steps I've worked out in AWB. Partly recording this for myself, so let me know if it doesn't make sense at all or if I've solved the wrong problem. Note that I haven't used AWB before, and also I've never really used wikispecies (surprisingly enough). But here are the steps I've worked out to create a list of candidate pages for adding taxlink templates to. User:Pengo/candidates-sample has a few pages that I've gotten from the this process if you want to skip to the results and see how well it works or doesn't. (There seems to be some false positives which already have taxlink templates.)

 * Notes: It's a little rough (mainly the part where you capture pages from Wikispecies at the start), and you might need to find a better way to do that, but this will get you started. Also note that actually replacing links with taxlinks is not automated here (and would probably require a custom program, e.g. written in Python, or major changes to AWB).

 * download, install, and run AWB
 * Get a list of pages from wikispecies:
 * Options | Preferences | Site | Project: "species"
 * Turn on filtering of non-article space pages: List | Remove non-main space (be sure that it's checked)
 * Choose source: "What links here", and What links to: "Eukaryota" [Note: this isn't the best way to pick pages. You might need to find a better way. Wikispecies doesn't seem to use categories. The limit seems to be 25000 pages. Might be a preference somewhere to increase.]
 * Click "Make list" (now you should have 25,000 pages, which may or may not be eukaryotes and will be of all different classificatoons)
 * Save the list: right click on the list and "Save list". Let's call it "25000-wikispecies-pages.txt"
 * Find which ones are redlinks on Wiktionary.
 * Open up 25000-wikispecies-pages.txt in a text editor (e.g. notepad++) and paste it into a sandbox page on Wiktionary (e.g. User:DCDuring/sandbox). I've put the first 200 here to test this. (I can't find a way to do this step directly within AWB, but there might be a way)
 * Clear your list in AWB: Select an item, Ctrl-A, Del
 * Options | Preferences | Site | Project: "wiktionary"
 * Source: "Links on page (only redlinks)", Links on: "User:DCDuring/sandbox", "Make List" (in my test, I get a list of 177 pages which are redlinks of the 200)
 * You might want to backup (save) this list now (in case you need to redo the next step, etc)
 * Find where those redlinks are found on Wiktionary:
 * Select all items in the list (select an item, Ctrl-A)
 * Right click on list | "Add selected to list from ..." | "What links here"
 * hit "Delete" (to remove the redlinks, so you're left with only the candidate pages. I got 23 pages in my test sample.)
 * Save this list: Right click on the list and "Save list" (e.g. "candidate-list.txt")
 * Go through the pages on this final list and add taxlinks:
 * You can right-click items and choose "Open in browser"; or you can copy "candidate-list.txt" into a sandbox page (see example: User:Pengo/candidates-sample)

 * Let me know if that's useful.

 * As for linkifying blue taxlinks.... the taxlink template already adds the hidden category Category:Entries with redundant taxonomic template (taxlink). It probably wouldn't be difficult to make a regex in AWB to clean these up automatically, but the category is currently empty so perhaps someone already does that? Pengo (talk) 16:17, 15 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It is especially useful to consider AWB as a tool. I empty out Category:Entries with redundant taxonomic template (taxlink) as items appear in it, several times a day, so that the run I do on every dump (every two weeks or so) for items enclosed in taxlink has a very high yield (>99%) of redlinks. It's also a way of checking on edits of entries that use taxonomic names. I also have installed new additions listing tables on the bigger taxonomic name categories, like species, genus, and family to see what's going on.
 * One thing that I did not express well is that my highest priority to to find uses of taxonomic names in Wiktionary that are not entries in Wiktionary and are now not enclosed in (and often not even in plain redlinks), especially from L2 sections other than Translingual. I am trying hard to focus effort on terms that have been useful in the definiens for vernacular language entries so that Translingual does not become an island and so contributors in all languages will come to appreciate the value of linking to Translingual entries, preferably with . Almost anything manual toward this end seems incredibly tedious. The reason I was interested in a list of capitalized English words (not sentence-initial) that are not now Wiktionary English entries is that there are many ways of extracting candidates from that list, including affixes, especially suffixes like -idae, -inae, -oidea, -eae, -ida, -ales, as well as comparison with Wikispecies and, possibly, Wikipedia. Some of the resulting lists will have very high yields and will be relatively uniform so that copy and paste could be repeated, requiring little further typing.
 * Looking at the yield from the sample, I drew conclusions. Most significantly Translingual entries do not have a particularly high yield that cannot be exceeded by searches for See also headers (which I have tried in the past, before focusing on non-Translingual entries). The method you propose would work pretty well if it excluded Translingual entries, which are better handled by other means and which often have no connection to any vernacular names. DCDuring TALK 21:38, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

Hi again DCDuring. Hmm. That does sound like a good candidate for a Python script, but I'll persist with AWB and see how far we can get.

I tried making a list just of non-sentence Capitals found in glosses. It doesn't seem like a very useful list by itself as you might expect. e.g. word contains Christian, livre contains France, cat contains Inc, English, Unix and Felidae (so I guess that's one good match). Also, it's tricky to match just mid-sentence capital words without losing a bunch of candidates, such as words inside 'l' templates, etc.

Adding suffixes (like you suggest) seems more useful. Originally I tried to keep the in-sentence-capital check but it was too messy and lost too many candidates (about 43% of -idae pages) so I've just stuck with any capitalized words ending in -idae. Also makes it much easier, as you don't have to worry so much about avoiding the first word of the sentence, or templates, which would complicate things a lot when doing things with Regexs. Here's my list for pages containing capitalized words ending -idae: User:Pengo/candidates-idae (complete list of results, 870 1528 entries). Excludes -idae words already in taxlink templates (which would give it 252 more entries). Here's how I got it in AWB (requires downloading a database dump):

 * Options | Preferences | Site | Project: "wiktionary"
 * Tools | Database Scanner
 * Database | Database file: enwiktionary-20131101-pages-articles-multistream.xml (Download from dumps.wikimedia.org and extract, e.g. with 7zip)
 * Namespace | Content: [X] Content
 * Text:
 * Contains:
 * (Change idae to whatever ending you want to search for)
 * Not contains:
 * [X] Regex
 * [X] Case sensitive
 * [X] Multiline
 * Title:
 * [X] Not contains:
 * [X] Regex
 * [X] Case sensitive
 * (Removes entries ending in -id, e.g. diplodocoid, capitellid, nummulitid. In this example they probably made up most of the results)
 * Start
 * Save list

Some notes on the regex:
 * change "idae" to whatever ending you want.
 * delete to include taxlinks too
 * delete  to only include taxlinks (untested)
 * delete  to not restrict search to glosses, for example, to match -edo (which has matches under the   level)
 * There's an AWB Regex Tester which lets you find what word was matched on a page. You need to paste the source code of the page into it. E.g. http://i.imgur.com/sbRnwLY.png

Also, note AWB has a List Comparer (under Tools), which might be useful for comparing lists from Wikispecies with lists from Wiktionary. However, it might be difficult to get the matched -idae words into a list (rather than the page titles that contain matches) without a little scripting (in Python etc).

I hope that's looking more promising/helpful.

Taxlinks search-and-replace:

To swap taxlink with normal links with search-and-replace: (I've never used AWB to actually edit pages).

Taxlink to normal link:
 * Search:
 * Replace:
 * e.g. replaces " nest" with " ".

Plain text (ending in -idae) to taxlink: I haven't looked into this much though. E.g. it works if the -idae word is plain text (not a link or in a template). I'm not sure if AWB has options for automatically handling more broad cases (haven't looked into it fully).
 * Find:
 * Replace:.

You might also be able to use these search-and-replace regexs with a Regex browser plugin or wikipedia plugin if such a thing exists. Pengo (talk) 04:53, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

The yield of improvement opportunities for these looks pretty high based on a sample of 20.
 * 1) 14 taxlinks in 3 entries
 * 2) some links missing
 * 3) some formatting (no italics above genus, italics for genus and lower)

Those are the most common gaps in my previous manual experience as well. To these must be added other common mistakes, such as use of no-longer-current taxa (eg, entries from Webster 1913) attributing to a taxonomic name a wrong ranking (eg, "the *order Accipitridae"). Both of these could be helped by dump processing using large lists.

But an approach focused on affixes will not cover a large fraction of taxa, most significantly genera and species, which tend to be the levels most used in vernacular name definiens, which are the focus of my current interests.

 * 1) An AWB-based approach looks good for all character-level corrections and for inserting taxlink or other templates, but I haven't used it. I will try it.
 * 2) I suppose there are also cases where a bot might work, but the risk of error is higher without human assistance. I like to think this could be done, but it is not in the cards right now because of my lack of requisite skills.
 * 3) A list (especially a list that is the intersection of multiple lists) is useful for entries with multiple problems or deficiencies, which characterizes the typical Translingual entry relative to what can be readily achieved. Such lists can be produced:
 * 4) By inserting templates (eg,, ) and using categories, search, and transclusion lists
 * 5) By dump processing or
 * 6) By using the search box.

Virtually everything I have done is with lists, but I have found long lists get shorter, but not much shorter, over time. Short-to-medium lists seem more motivating to me. I'd like to use machines to make lists that are both short and contain entries that are clearly worth the effort.

The choice of methods to be used relative to the broad goal of general improvement of a class of entries is not obvious.

I also consulted with Ruakh who thinks it is not ridiculous to compare the entire content of Wiktionary with, say the list of all pagetitles from Wikispecies to generate lists like those under discussion. He is a Perl user who offered to do some of this himself. I'd like to see how far I can get without recourse to his offer. If I can't get far, I'll ask for him to do it for a "hard" case and see if I can use his work as a model for other cases, both simpler and not too much more complicated. DCDuring TALK 20:28, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Yep, probably not ridiculous to generate such lists. Was hoping I could get further just using AWB, but you're right that it's only useful for higher taxa than genra/species level, and even then it's not as successful as I would have hoped. Yep, any search/replace I've suggested would definitely need human assistance.

 * One way to 'reduce' the lists I was looking at previously was to prioritise them by the popularity of the associated articles on Wikipedia (via stats.grok.se, e.g. the two top 10 lists I had at the top of this ), but it took quite a bit of data wrangling to work out. I might try and pick this up again sometime now that I have a little spare time again. Pengo (talk) 02:42, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

Template:la-decl-adj-table-m+f+n/documentation
Hello Pengo. You've done a good job with that documentation; it was well overdue. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 16:10, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

remove incomplete or misplaced quotation
Hi. Just for info, you can use for these - i.e. a quotation by that particular author is being sought, and hasn't been added yet. Probably best to remove the Chaucer one anyway, though, because it wouldn't be modern English. Equinox ◑ 15:38, 6 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Looks like Chaucer is considered "the first poet laureate", rather than actually using the word himself in Middle English AFAICT. (So any quote would be better suited to poet laureate anyway.) Pengo (talk) 18:46, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

crimewave
Are you sure that the crimewave is the increase, and not the result of the increase? If so, "a crimewave is going on" would seem to mean "it's increasing more and more all the time", which seems odd. Equinox ◑ 00:56, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Hmm I see your issue, however without "increase" it could mean any short period within a background of high crime would be counted as a "crime wave". I'll have another go at rewording. Pengo (talk) 01:05, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

Common missing words
Send me the "-ings" list if you like (or the entire list!). Equinox ◑ 14:40, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I've been looking at your "missing" lists again. (I added a lot of the "non-" words today.) I tend to feel that the hyphenated forms are secondary, purely because they can be easily decomposed into "non" + whatever, whereas without a hyphen it might not be clear where the word is to be split for parsing. Would you object to me deleting entries from your pages where only the hyphenless form has been created, or do you insist on the creation of both? Equinox ◑ 00:09, 30 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Please be my guest and delete them. The source material (google ngrams) tends to get the hyphenation wrong so it's up to your discretion. I included both just so you can see which entries already exist. 02:21, 30 January 2015 (UTC)

tordilio and tordillo
Hi. In the tordilio and tordillo, there's an L. at the end after the scientific name. Do you think it means something? --Type56op9 (talk) 14:34, 3 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Yup, that's for Carl Linnaeus, as a botanist author citation. Pengo (talk) 19:59, 3 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Do you think it should stay in the entry? --Type56op9 (talk) 09:25, 4 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not really sure to be honest. I mostly try to leave it to others to decide how to layout entries :) Personally, I'd prefer to see Linnaeus acknowledged in the etymology of the [currently non-existent] Tordylium maximum entry instead. Could try asking in the tea room for an opinion? If you feel strongly that it's confusing, then go ahead and remove it, and maybe try to add some other detail to make up for it. Pengo (talk) 09:35, 4 February 2015 (UTC)
 * OK, I removed Linnaeus's tag, and gave it a translation, add added that to hartwort. Seems OK to me. Time to move on. --Type56op9 (talk) 09:39, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

umm...taxa question?
So... I just found out about this whole Catalogue of Life thing (as you may have noticed), and I feel a bit weird adding such long entries. I am, however, only adding accepted names from the CoL, which has halved the size of the descendants section. Is this what I should be doing? Should I be adding just a couple token taxa or all the accepted names or all the possible species on the CoL (accepted name, synonym for, previously accepted name, etc.)? If it is the last option, I don't know that I have the patience unless someone exports them into a list for me. Just curious. —JohnC5 11:26, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Good question. I don't have a definite answer. Mostly I just find the things that seem like they need entries, and I don't know what to do with them after that. But if that's the part that's killing you, I can have a go at generating the descendant lists when I get a chance.
 * Generally, most Wiktionary entries I've seen have only included a handful of select binomials descendants, so I've been impressed with your more complete lists. (It hadn't actually occurred to me that they could be put in a collapsible box where they wouldn't take so much screen real estate, even though I must have seen it done before). I have no idea if there's a particular accepted way to list them though or how completely to do so. (I had figured you had it worked out)
 * CoL's "accepted" and "provisionally accepted" names are generally good from what I've seen. The synonyms are variable in usefulness by their nature. Sometimes a synonym is a misspelling that was only ever used once, while another might have been an accepted name for decades, or still be accepted by another source. Many synonyms are also missing from CoL. If I generate lists, I might just include the synonyms which have been seen in numerous books (via google books ngram data), which isn't perfect but might be good enough to stop too many never-seen synonyms.
 * If I had to choose one way or the other, I'd say leaving out synonyms would be preferred to including all of them. I guess it's really meant to be up to how well attested they are.
 * Worth briefly noting, in case you really want to be a completionist, there are other/bigger databases of species names (e.g. EOL and gni.globalnames.org), but I've stuck to only CoL for now. By their own measurements they are only "84% complete". The main area I've noticed they're lacking is in extinct/fossil taxa.
 * If I generate the lists, do you think it's acceptable to divide up the descendants into kingdoms (eg plant/animal/bacteria) to break up long lists, or should I keep them as a straight sorted list? Also should I annotate the synonyms to include what they're synonyms for? e.g. "*Helix aspera (=Cornu aspersum)" or leave that for the Helix aspera page when it's created? Pengo (talk) 13:00, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Very cool. I am somewhat of a completionist when it comes to entry writing. If you created descendants tables that had titles like "Tranligual descedants (Animalia)", "Tranligual descedants (Plantae)", etc., I think that would be awesome. Also, does previously accepted name mean obsolete name, and if so, should we use the fancy  parameter, even if it has yet to be implemented? I assume that parameter will add one of the classy ‡ marks after the name, which pleases me just to contemplate. But, if it is not too much trouble to generate these lists, particularly if they are preformatted into the  and tables, we could start really rolling these babies out. We could even go back and update existing entries. What do you say? Also, and I don't want to heap too much on you, but if you you could check to ensure that all entries which already exist don't use  but instead a normal link, I'm sure DC would greatly appreciate that. As for the synonym thing, I have no idea. That's up to you. If I knew more about taxonomy, I'd add entries myself, but Latin and etymology are more my style. —JohnC5 20:52, 17 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "Tranligual descedants (Animalia)" works. Cool.
 * I guess when a name is considered a synonym it's obsolete. Tagging obsolete should be ok, though basically I'd have to apply it to anything that is a synonym (other relevant categories are aren't consistently applied in COL). So it would be applied to names that were never widely used too. Hopefully COL doesn't disagree with other authorities/sources on what's a synonym too often. Also I'm not sure if there's ever a time when "archaic" should be used instead?
 * There's a few corners I've cut with the lists so far, which I might try to clean up if I'm making stuff for the main space of Wiktionary, e.g. I haven't given any special treatment to the rarely used COL categories of "ambiguous syn" and "misapplied name", nor attempted to remove junk entries like "Tilapia sp".
 * There's also a question of subspecific names, which I've ignored so far, but I guess descendants of "gracilis" should include Lycalopex gymnocercus gracilis (and Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis too).
 * A few of the most common epithets can have thousands of species that use them (e.g. gracilis: 2334 accepted species names, 4779 when including synonyms, or 5671 when including subspecific "gracilis" too, and there'll be even more from sources other than CoL). So I don't know how we could handle those, if we need some kind of appendix or something.
 * The double dagger for synonyms isn't standard btw, I just picked it as a footnote kind of symbol to avoid filling the page with (synonym) (and partly in analogy to the single dagger (†), which is standard for extinct taxa)
 * Doing something to automate addition/removal has been on the todo list for a while, but I haven't really looked at it yet.
 * Anyway, I'll see what I can do. Pengo (talk) 01:19, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks so much for your help. I say just ignore subspecific names. This is a dictionary, not a taxonomic database. if the  stuff is too complicated, just ignore it. In truth, anything you do would be fine with me. :) Would you be posting these to a page where I could find them or something of that nature? —JohnC5 01:34, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Yep, probably best to start simple anyway. Oh yeah, I forgot to ask.. Say I made a species list for "mariana, marianum, marianus".. How many of the other forms should be automatically include? (in this case the others are marianae, marianii, mariani, marianarum, marianiae, marjana, marianorum, marian). I'm guessing the genitive forms (-ae, -i) are safe to include too? Though there might be a chance the -i form refers to an unrelated eponym (ala marianii)? And sometimes -ae forms seem to get their own entries (eg syringae) And is it safe to swap I's for J's or is there a chance they would make different words? The simplest would be to include everything and let someone (you) delete the bad (unrelated) entries, but if the bad entries are minimized then the bot could just add the list to a page automatically. Pengo (talk) 04:25, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I say you can include -us, -a, -um, -i, -ae, -arum, and -orum. For the i ~ j alternation, we normally create another entry that just links to the first (e.g. iunceus ~ junceus). As for extensions of the stem (-ii, -iae, etc.) I don't know how to treat that. In most cases, I imagine these would come from misunderstandings of how Latin declension works. In some cases they might come from alternative forms, but most of the time, I expect they are just wrongly created. In the case of wrongly created forms, add them with the rest. If it becomes clear to me that some of the form belong to a different word, I'd just remove them. —JohnC5 05:02, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Still a work in progress, but the basics are done: User:Pengo/common_epithets/desc Pengo (talk) 10:43, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * That looks spectacular! You are going to re-sort them alphabetically at some point, I assume, so that they are not divided by epithet? I have been waiting for you to finish before starting on the entries you put on WT:WE, if you don't mind. Once I add a list to an entry, I'll probably delete it from that page to save space (Once you have program up an running up and running, of course). —JohnC5 11:01, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Oops, it was meant to be sorted already :) Ok, I'll post up ones for those epithets in a minute. Yes, consider this one a temporary list, and delete them / blank the page when done. Pengo (talk) 11:32, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Coolio! Unfortunately, I'm about to got to sleep, but I shall work on these soon! —JohnC5 11:33, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Mario Mariani et al and epithets ending in ensis and ense
We could gather even more of the low hanging fruit by getting the most common epithets ending in ensis and ense, which are often toponyms.

Also wikispecies has entries in main space for authorities, many of whom have lent their name to epithets. Wikispecies has such entries for many not graced with any WP article or even mention. DCDuring TALK 05:04, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Hmm.. I feel like many of the most common -ensis terms have been done. Of my "top 1000" epithets, only 4 are red-linked -ensis terms:

 * sitchensis, sitchense
 * halepensis, halepense
 * , barbadensis
 * benghalensis, benghalense

 * There's more you can find hitting ctrl-F and searching for "ensis" at User:Pengo/common_epithets/missing. If inroads get made there, I can try making a more specific list. But there's also this endless list.

 * What are you thinking for the authorities? How are you thinking you could use that information? I stumbled across books before that are dedicated just to describing the people behind eponymous species... Pengo (talk) 06:01, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pengo/Archive 0


text:
sugar of lead

Etymology
From its sweetish taste.

Noun

 * 1)  lead acetate

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: sugar of lead


text: backlashes

title: backlashes


text:
beast with two backs

Etymology
First attested in English by, see quotations. Supposedly a (in modern French, la bête à deux dos) from , 1534, by.

Noun

 * 1)  Two people united in sexual intercourse in the missionary position.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:copulation
 * See also Thesaurus:copulation
 * See also Thesaurus:copulation

title: beast with two backs


text:
eyeball to eyeball

Adjective

 * 1) Face to face.

Adverb

 * 1) Face to face.

title: eyeball to eyeball


text:
Category talk:Cardinal numbers

Moved from Category talk:English cardinal numbers
Hmm ... I can definitely see including

 * 1 .. 19, particularly since the shifts like quince/diez y seis are very idiosyncratic.
 * 20, 30, ... 90
 * 21, to show how the tens combine with ones
 * All powers of ten with their own names (100, 1000, 1000000 ... along with googol, googlplex and whatever else)
 * 1100, with a note on the general usage for xx00.
 * Maybe 1001

I'm not so sure about the others. I'm sure that there is quite a bit more variety in the world's langauges that this list wouldn't capture, but that's should mainly be covered in the entries for those languages (e.g., if a language has a special form for 753, then the term for 753 in that language should get its own entry. I say "mainly" because the teens seem worth covering for their own sake.

Beyond that, we may want to have a general note on construction of numerals in English, and links to the appropriate Wikipedia entries. Roman numerals senses should be noted under 'I', 'V', 'X' and so forth. The term roman numeral should be defined, but the general rules there definitely belong in Wikipedia, not Wiktionary.

Finally, mathematics distinguishes between numbers and numerals. Do we? -dmh 04:17, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup debate
Which category naming scheme should be used, Category:German cardinal numbers or Category:de:Cardinal numbers? The subcategories need to be cleaned up. If, as I suspect, the Category:de:Cardinal numbers-style names are prefered, there is a lot of recategorising that we'll need to do. — Beobach972 20:02, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Numbers should have the respective language name, as in "German cardinal numbers", since they are actually German cardinal numbers (eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, etc., are German cardinal numbers). Since German cardinal number is a logical term, the "de:" format is not needed. —Stephen 13:08, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The community uses prefixes like de: for topical categories and language names like German for part of speech categories. Stephen dissents in this matter.  For cardinal numbers, I use Category:de:Cardinal numbers and the like because it's a topical rather than a grammatical category.  That is, there are words that may be defined as cardinal numbers for mathematics but which do not function grammatically as numerals.  The cardinal number aleph-null is my standard example for this.  It represents the number of items in a particular kind of infinite set.  However, since most cardinal numbers function in a particualr grammatical way, I would include Category:de:Cardinal numbers within a grammatical category like Category:German numerals (or Category:German numbers, since the vote reached no consensus).  This way they may be found by looking through a grammatical over-category.

 * You are correct that we have been very inconsistent in categorizing Numbers/Numerals, with different editors and languages using different terminology and approaches. As I noted above, I ran to vote to standardize them.  The result was two small strongly-opinionated (and opposed) points of view with a large group of apathetic abstentions. --EncycloPetey 20:45, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

 * That’s probably because you probably held the vote on a "new" voting page which does not appear in people’s Watchlists. The dearth of votes isn’t due to apathy, but because the vote is effectively secret. —Stephen 13:02, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Huh? I didn't say there was a dearth of votes, I said that there was a large group of abstentions. They voted to abstain, so they obviously found the page and voted.  The vote was announced in the Beer Parlour as well, though not everyone announces new votes that way.  However, all votes are linked through a single coordinating page, so if you are having trouble keeping track of new votes then I suggest you put Wiktionary:Votes on your Watchlist. --EncycloPetey 15:27, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, alright. I've started to recategorise them. — Beobach972 02:41, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Wait a minute... we divide by POS... 'cardinal number' is a POS and is accepted as a header. What's the distinction here? — Beobach972 02:15, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Closing, as this is currently the subject of a vote. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:14, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Cardinal numbers


text:
耐腐食性

Noun

 * 1) corrosion resistance

Related terms

 * : corrosion

title: 耐腐食性


text:
φλιτζάνι

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) cup

title: φλιτζάνι


text:
κούπα

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) mug, large cup (drinking vessel)
 * 2) trophy cup
 * 3) hearts (suit of playing cards)
 * 4) liquid measure used in cookery
 * 5) cup (part of a brassiere)

title: κούπα


text:
materteral

Etymology
From +.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an aunt.

Coordinate terms

 * – uncle
 * – mother
 * – father

title: materteral


text:
noncompos

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A foolish person.

Synonyms

 * (foolish person): dunderhead, fop, fool, imbecile

title: noncompos


text: われ

title: われ


text:
みね

Noun

 * 1)  peak

title: みね


text:
かゆ

Noun

 * 1)  rice gruel

title: かゆ


text:
trifler

Noun

 * 1) One who trifles, or treats something as inconsequential.
 * 2) A pewterer who produced small pewter utensils such as salt cellars.
 * 1) A pewterer who produced small pewter utensils such as salt cellars.

title: trifler


text:
かず

Noun

 * 1)  number:(numeric) figure

title: かず


text:
ただ

Etymology
From. First attested in the of 712.

Noun

 * 1)  ordinary, common, nothing special
 * 2)  free of charge, free
 * 1)  free of charge, free

Adjective

 * 1)  ordinary, simple
 * 2)  nothing

Adverb

 * 1)  merely, commonly, simply, only

Conjunction

 * 1)  but, however, although, except that

title: ただ


text:
くむ

Verb

 * 1)  ladle; have a drink with; sympathize with
 * 2)  put together
 * 3)  serve sake

Noun

 * 1)  cloud

title: くむ


text:
ἄρθρον

Etymology
From (from ).

Noun

 * 1)  joint
 * 2)  limb
 * 3) articulation
 * – vocal articulation
 * 1)  connecting word
 * 2)  an article:
 * 1)  an article:

Usage notes
Note concerning definition #2, was sometimes used to refer to various body parts such as the ankles, eyes, mouth, genitals, etc.

title: ἄρθρον


text:
Calla

Etymology
From, applied to the genus as early as 1737 by , from a single mention in that some scholars read as , but most read as.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily

Hyponyms

 * - sole species

title: Calla


text:
Calloideae

Hyponyms

 * - sole genus, - sole species

title: Calloideae


text:
もし

Etymology
From ; attested in the  of 759. In turn, reconstructed as deriving from.

Adverb

 * 1)   if; supposing
 * 2)   perhaps
 * 1)   perhaps

Affix

 * 1)   or maybe

Usage notes

 * The word is used at the start of the clause serves as a signal that it's conditional and can be omitted. Other grammatical forms and words are still used to indicate the condition.

title: もし


text:
Araceae

Etymology
From.

title: Araceae


text: Даллас

title: Даллас


text:
Jasminum

Etymology
From (the Jasminum flower); named by botanist Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778).

Hypernyms

 * ; - tribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species;, , ,  (, , now ),  (, , royal jasmine, ),  ; syn. of ), ,  , ,  (, star jasmine, ), ,  ,  (yellow jasmine, syn. of ),  (Arabian jasmine) - selected other species; for other species see

title: Jasminum


text:
Fraxinus

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - tribe

Hyponyms

 * ,, , , , - sections
 * (common ash, European ash) - type species;,  ,  ,  , , , , ,  , ,  ,  (syn. of ), ,  ,  (syn. of ),  , ,  , , , ,  , , ,  , ,  (black ash), ,  (manna ash), , ,  (syn. of ), ,  (red ash, , , green ash), ,  , ,  (blue ash), , , , , , ,  ,  (Arizona ash, velvet ash),   - other species

title: Fraxinus


text:
Ligustrum

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - tribe;  - subtribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species; )

title: Ligustrum


text:
しめる

Etymology 1
Kana spelling of various terms.

Verb

 * 1)  to constrict
 * 2)  to make up, to be a part of
 * 3)  to fasten
 * 4)  to close

 * 1)  to be wet

Etymology 2
Modern form of classical.

Suffix

 * 1)   to make; to let

Usage notes
This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

title: しめる


text:
Nyctanthes

Hyponyms

 * - type species; - sole other currently accepted species; See  for species formerly included, now included in

title: Nyctanthes


text: すず

title: すず


text:
Syringa

Etymology
From stem of, from

Hypernyms

 * ; - tribe;  - subtribe

Hyponyms

 * , - subgenera
 * - type species

Translations

 * Esperanto:

title: Syringa


text: にち

title: にち


text: すむ

title: すむ


text:
弱者

Noun

 * 1) the weak; those who are weak; a weakling

Noun

 * 1)  a weakling

title: 弱者


text: ποδός

title: ποδός


text:
depositee

Noun

 * 1) The person with whom something is deposited.
 * 2)  A member of the lowest of the three population classes created by  and the  party in Cambodia after their revolution in the 1970s. These people were 'deposited' in the villages after being removed from the cities.

title: depositee


text:
planktonic

Etymology
From, after.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to plankton.
 * 2) Floating in the open sea rather than living on the seafloor.
 * 1) Floating in the open sea rather than living on the seafloor.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пла̀нкто̄нскӣ
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:

title: planktonic


text:
des masses

Adverb

 * 1)  much

Usage notes

 * Used in negative constructions.

title: des masses


text:
User talk:Weirdoactor

 For the sake of continuity (and my alleged sanity):

- If you leave a message on my talk page, I will respond on my talk page.

- '''If I leave a message on your talk page, I will watch your talk page and read your response there. Thanks!'''

You may color="#5a3696">start a new topic if you wish. Please sign your message (by typing four tildes, like this: ~), or I'll make you clean litter boxes for a week. Yes. Dirty, smelly litter boxes.

Thank you in advance for your cooperation, and please do try and have a truly Wikilicious day.'''

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --EncycloPetey 00:51, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

PS - I saw your Wikipedia User page, and have no doubt you're experienced enough to find your way around, but some of the links above really do come in handy. There are some significant differences in the way articles and categories are handled by Wiktionarians.

PPS - I hadn't seen "Wikipedia:No climbing the Reichstag dressed as Spider-Man" before. Classic. --EncycloPetey 00:51, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, EncycloPetey! - - weirdo actor  tundefinedc -  - 01:05, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

IPA by convention
By convention, the slash (/) appears at the beginning and end of a pronunciation, like enclosing brackets. Syllables may be separated by the use of. in the appropriate location. --EncycloPetey 02:21, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Weirdoactor


text:
Talk:enturbulate

Is there any purpose to this page? If the word is not a word, then I suggest it is a waste of good bits. 121.45.218.47 10:30, 1 September 2017 (UTC)

 * It is a word. Equinox ◑ 14:21, 1 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:enturbulate


text:
puerro

Etymology
, from. Compare the borrowed doublet, borrowed through Catalan.

Noun

 * 1) leek

title: puerro


text:
Category:es:Vegetables

For this category the term "vegetables" should be interpreted in a more popular sense.

title: Category:es:Vegetables


text:
User talk:ArunAguiar

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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PS - Do you speak Konkani or any other Indian languages? It would be great to see more speakers of Indian languages active here. --EncycloPetey 01:12, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:ArunAguiar


text:
alcachofa

Noun

 * 1) artichoke

Etymology
, from, from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) artichoke
 * 2)  shower head
 * 1)  shower head

title: alcachofa


text: alcachofas

title: alcachofas


text:
do drugs

Verb

 * 1)  To abuse an illegal drug or drugs, especially as a result of chemical addiction.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: käyttää huumeita
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh:
 * Korean:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish: brać narkotyki
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Latin:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese:

title: do drugs


text:
cebollas

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) onion

title: cebollas


text:
camote

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sweet potato

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sweet potato

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  sweet potato

title: camote


text: camotes

title: camotes


text: tomates

title: tomates


text:
des res

Etymology
Abbreviation of.

Noun

 * 1)  A desirable residence.

title: des res


text:
základní číslovka

Noun

 * 1) cardinal numeral

title: základní číslovka


text:
číslovka

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) numeral part of speech

Noun

 * 1) numeral part of speech

title: číslovka


text: číslovky

title: číslovky


text: Category:lv:Time

title: Category:lv:Time


text: Category:lt:Time

title: Category:lt:Time


text:
chronologia

Noun

 * 1) chronology

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ultimately from, from.

Noun

 * 1) chronology
 * 2) chronology
 * 3) chronology
 * 1) chronology
 * 2) chronology
 * 1) chronology

title: chronologia


text:
sekundė

Noun
(genitive singular sekundės)

 * 1) second unit of time

title: sekundė


text:
minutė

Noun

 * 1) minute unit of time

title: minutė


text:
savaitė

Etymology
, itself borrowed from. Modern Lithuanian thus has a completely different word for "week" from Latvian, where a Slavic borrowing,, is used, although compare obsolete 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) week

title: savaitė


text:
mėnuo

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  moon
 * 2) month a period of approximately 30 days
 * vienas mėnuo - a month
 * šeši mėnesiai - six months
 * dvylika mėnesių - twelve months
 * 1) month one of the 12 divisions of the year

title: mėnuo


text:
metai

Etymology
From the noun.

Noun
2nd stress pattern

 * 1) year

title: metai


text:
valanda

Etymology
Of origin. Generally connected to and/or,  via their possible shared root , interpreting time as a "rolling cycle".

Noun

 * 1) hour unit of time

title: valanda


text:
diena

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬), from / (compare 🇨🇬), from, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) day

Etymology
From (oblique stem ); compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,. The ablaut in Balto-Slavic suggests an original n-stem  (genitive ); compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The root is also seen in ; see for more. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) day, daytime period of sunlight
 *   dienà       diẽną. - The autumn equinox is the day after which the nights become longer than the days.
 * 1) day a measurement of time equal to twenty-four hours
 * 2) day calendar date
 *   - September 12 (the twelfth day of September)
 * 1)  day, time period, era
 * . - A hard time has come for our country.
 * . - A hard time has come for our country.

title: diena


text:
catton

Noun

 * 1) kitten

title: catton


text:
Wiktionary:Previously deleted entries/P

 * PyridinolineSee discussion discussion archive
 * pukatronic See discussion archive
 * transwiki:Pachina. See discussion archive.
 * padsy. See discussion archive.
 * page move vandalism remnants. See discussion archive.
 * Lr:Pagi basi. See discussion archive.
 * pagina principală. See discussion archive.
 * palabric. See discussion archive.
 * Palpatine. See discussion archive.
 * pamcake. See discussion archive.
 * pamphleture. See discussion archive.
 * Pan Am. See discussion archive.
 * pandaphilia. See discussion archive.
 * transwiki:pandering. See discussion archive.
 * Pangea Productions. See discussion archive.
 * pan loafy. See discussion archive.
 * pan pan. See discussion archive.
 * Pantshit. See discussion archive.
 * Paracoccidioidomicosisproctitissarcomucosis. See discussion archive.
 * paraweather. See discussion archive.
 * paresteser. See discussion archive.
 * Park City City Park. See discussion archive.
 * partial proletarianization. See discussion archive.
 * parvenu/Citations. See discussion archive.
 * Paser utara. See discussion archive.
 * Pashion Sunday. See discussion archive.
 * Pashtoolio Enterprises. See discussion archive.
 * Passage Pommeraye. See discussion archive.
 * past participle .28part of speech.29. See discussion archive.
 * paternal great great grandfather. See discussion archive.
 * Patriotic Organization. See discussion archive.
 * pawg. See discussion archive.
 * User:Paylan. See discussion archive.
 * peacemover. See discussion archive.
 * Pecanland Mall. See discussion archive.
 * pedia. See discussion archive.
 * PEDRO UHART. See discussion archive.
 * Peerumboor. See discussion archive.
 * Pelican shit. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Pending deletions. See discussion archive.
 * WikiSaurus:penis, cock, prick. See discussion archive.
 * Penis Muscle. See discussion archive.
 * penkyamp. See discussion archive.
 * pent . See discussion archive.
 * Peoples Club. See discussion archive.
 * Talk:People south africa. See discussion archive.
 * Pepsi Cola. See discussion archive.
 * Pepto Bismol. See discussion archive.
 * performance solution. See discussion archive.
 * permagrad. See discussion archive.
 * Permanent deletion list. See discussion archive.
 * Permanent deletions. See discussion archive.
 * Persian/Experiment. See discussion archive.
 * Personal arrest records. See discussion archive.
 * Apéndice:Personas/Apellidos/V. See discussion archive.
 * pervetry. See discussion archive.
 * pesisa. See discussion archive.
 * Pestan. See discussion archive.
 * Peter Gadiel. See discussion archive.
 * petrophoria. See discussion archive.
 * peut étre. See discussion archive.
 * phallumeasure. See discussion archive.
 * Philadelphia Pennsylvania. See discussion archive.
 * transwiki:Philalethia. See discussion archive.
 * Phillapin. See discussion archive.
 * philosophunculist. See discussion archive.
 * Phleet. See discussion archive.
 * phnglui mglwnafh Cthulhu Rlyeh wgahnagl fhtagn. See discussion archive.
 * Phnoppish. See discussion archive.
 * Phonetic Key. See discussion archive.
 * Phontic Key. See discussion archive.
 * phontograph. See discussion archive.
 * phoon. See discussion archive.
 * Photage. See discussion archive.
 * photochop. See discussion archive.
 * Template:phrasal verb. See discussion archive.
 * phugē. See discussion archive.
 * Template:pic. See discussion archive.
 * pickle tickler. See discussion archive.
 * picomanage. See discussion archive.
 * Pictalogue. See discussion archive.
 * pie faced. See discussion archive.
 * pigin. See discussion archive.
 * Pigpen. See discussion archive.
 * pikachu. See discussion archive.
 * Pilling. See discussion archive.
 * pillngs. See discussion archive.
 * pillow biter. See discussion archive.
 * pimby. See discussion archive.
 * pimpsqueak. See discussion archive.
 * User:Pink 26. See discussion archive.
 * pink collar. See discussion archive.
 * Pinyin "words" with numbers on the end. See discussion archive.
 * Pinyin romanizations. See discussion archive.
 * Pippy. See discussion archive.
 * Piranhaphrase. See discussion archive.
 * pislul. See discussion archive.
 * pissed as a . See discussion archive.
 * Pitbike Nac Nac. See discussion archive.
 * Pittsburgh accent. See discussion archive.
 * Pitusa. See discussion archive.
 * pixelante. See discussion archive.
 * pixinguinha. See discussion archive.
 * pizown. See discussion archive.
 * pizowned. See discussion archive.
 * piča. See discussion archive.
 * PKF. See discussion archive.
 * Place names in Yukon Territory. See discussion archive.
 * placophobia. See discussion archive.
 * plamas. See discussion archive.
 * Planehugger. See discussion archive.
 * Plante fasin blong bifo i stap. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Ro:plants. See discussion archive.
 * platscham. See discussion archive.
 * playah. See discussion archive.
 * playahata. See discussion archive.
 * playing sonic. See discussion archive.
 * playscale. See discussion archive.
 * playstation 3. See discussion archive.
 * playstationize. See discussion archive.
 * plazoid. See discussion archive.
 * Please delete entry for JBD. See discussion archive.
 * Please do not delete. See discussion archive.
 * please do not delete smitties soft pretzel. See discussion archive.
 * Please dont delete!. See discussion archive.
 * Please merge RFD lists and redirect one to the other. See discussion archive.
 * PLEASE READ  a note to all contributors.  See discussion archive.
 * pleasurisation. See discussion archive.
 * plorp. See discussion archive.
 * Plotinus. See discussion archive.
 * pluag. See discussion archive.
 * plum smuggling. See discussion archive.
 * pluriform. See discussion archive.
 * pneumonosupermicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. See discussion archive.
 * Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconosis. See discussion archive.
 * PocketSpot. See discussion archive.
 * podcast optimization. See discussion archive.
 * podlog. See discussion archive.
 * podstalker. See discussion archive.
 * pogi points. See discussion archive.
 * pogonophobia. See discussion archive.
 * polacced. See discussion archive.
 * Police officer. See discussion archive.
 * Policy  Abbreviations/first draft.  See discussion archive.
 * politubing. See discussion archive.
 * polylogue. See discussion archive.
 * Polyorchid. See discussion archive.
 * Polyphepan. See discussion archive.
 * Polônia. See discussion archive.
 * ponarv. See discussion archive.
 * ponetic. See discussion archive.
 * Pontiacs Rebellion. See discussion archive.
 * poodoo. See discussion archive.
 * pooj. See discussion archive.
 * pooner. See discussion archive.
 * poon hump. See discussion archive.
 * Talk:Poop was invented. See discussion archive.
 * Pooti. See discussion archive.
 * pop culture pariah. See discussion archive.
 * Pope Benedict XVI. See discussion archive.
 * Poppy Crack. See discussion archive.
 * poptextiest. See discussion archive.
 * poptexty. See discussion archive.
 * porca puttena. See discussion archive.
 * porneia. See discussion archive.
 * pornographic actor. See discussion archive.
 * pornvertising. See discussion archive.
 * Portal:portal. See discussion archive.
 * Portuan. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Portuguese prepositons. See discussion archive.
 * Portuguese pronoums seen through a declensional context. See discussion archive.
 * poseiendo. See discussion archive.
 * possi. See discussion archive.
 * post 1. See discussion archive.
 * post 2. See discussion archive.
 * post 3. See discussion archive.
 * post 3 cont. See discussion archive.
 * post 4. See discussion archive.
 * post 4 cont. See discussion archive.
 * post 5. See discussion archive.
 * Postal Exam 473. See discussion archive.
 * potatl. See discussion archive.
 * poultry worker. See discussion archive.
 * poutinize. See discussion archive.
 * ppps. See discussion archive.
 * transwiki:Praisebuildings. See discussion archive.
 * prarie dogging. See discussion archive.
 * pray/etymology. See discussion archive.
 * preantenultimate. See discussion archive.
 * precident. See discussion archive.
 * prelated. See discussion archive.
 * prenebriation. See discussion archive.
 * preorgastic. See discussion archive.
 * President of the United States. See discussion archive.
 * pre test. See discussion archive.
 * pretty damn quick. See discussion archive.
 * Pricked. See discussion archive.
 * primifluous. See discussion archive.
 * primitivization. See discussion archive.
 * primus stove. See discussion archive.
 * Prince nayef abdulla1. See discussion archive.
 * Print citations. See discussion archive.
 * Priority driven scheduling. See discussion archive.
 * Pro Bono. See discussion archive.
 * Procedural Listening. See discussion archive.
 * pro civil. See discussion archive.
 * proctocrainologist. See discussion archive.
 * Proctosculocracy. See discussion archive.
 * professional knowledge firm. See discussion archive.
 * Professor Balthazar. See discussion archive.
 * propatula. See discussion archive.
 * PropertySetDefFactory. See discussion archive.
 * protocol droid. See discussion archive.
 * Protologism etc. See discussion archive.
 * proton pack. See discussion archive.
 * protonym. See discussion archive.
 * protonyn. See discussion archive.
 * Protovision. See discussion archive.
 * Provalone cheese. See discussion archive.
 * Provert. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Provert. See discussion archive.
 * providing verification of term family office. See discussion archive.
 * Proximity Gestation. See discussion archive.
 * prymbol. See discussion archive.
 * Psychrophile. See discussion archive.
 * pubilode. See discussion archive.
 * public order. See discussion archive.
 * publiode. See discussion archive.
 * puellal. See discussion archive.
 * Pugan. See discussion archive.
 * pukatronic. See discussion archive.
 * Pull an Alia. See discussion archive.
 * pulling a maybury. See discussion archive.
 * pump diesel. See discussion archive.
 * punkrockedness. See discussion archive.
 * Pupaphobia. See discussion archive.
 * pupsqueak. See discussion archive.
 * purlicue. See discussion archive.
 * pussing. See discussion archive.
 * put my name in it. See discussion archive.
 * Put the dog down. See discussion archive.
 * pwarmpf. See discussion archive.
 * pygophilia. See discussion archive.
 * pyraugue. See discussion archive.
 * Pyridinoline. See discussion archive.
 * pílon. See discussion archive.
 * Pāls. See discussion archive.

 * Category:nl:Prepositions. See discussion archive.
 * Category:eu:Prepositions. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Passel. See discussion archive.
 * Category:es:Pronouns. See discussion archive.
 * Category:it:Pronouns. See discussion archive.
 * Category:en:Plants. See discussion archive.
 * Category:gd:Polital subdivisions. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Professions. See discussion archive.
 * Category:en:Plants. See discussion archive.
 * Category:gd:Polital subdivisions. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Professions. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Polish phrases. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Proto-Germanic noun. See discussion archive.
 * Template:esbot:pastpart. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pfstriations.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pfamethyst.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pflimestone.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pfberyl.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pfmorganite.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Image:Pfpyroclastic.jpg. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Proper adjectives. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Ptarmic. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Pindle. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Protologism. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Pelena. See discussion archive.
 * Category:sl:Prepositions. See discussion archive.
 * template:proverb. See discussion archive.
 * Template:PicLink. See discussion archive.
 * Template:Proto. See discussion archive.
 * User talk:Povulation. See discussion archive.
 * Appendix:Pies. See discussion archive.
 * Pigpen. See discussion archive.
 * Pugan. See discussion archive.
 * protocol droid. See discussion archive.
 * preorgastic. See discussion archive.
 * Peanut Butter Jelly Time. See discussion archive.
 * Portuan. See discussion archive.
 * pupsqueak. See discussion archive.
 * Photage. See discussion archive.
 * pimby. See discussion archive.
 * pygophilia. See discussion archive.
 * p.p.p.s.. See discussion archive.
 * possi. See discussion archive.
 * Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconosis. See discussion archive.
 * pyraugue. See discussion archive.
 * pretty damn quick. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Proto-Germanic. See discussion archive.
 * porcupinicity. See discussion archive.
 * Template:ptmanagement. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Occupations. See discussion archive.
 * potato pie. See discussion archive.
 * Property. See discussion archive.
 * PCLM. See discussion archive.
 * paper janitor. See discussion archive.
 * perspiculate. See discussion archive.
 * Template:pronunciation. See discussion archive.
 * persuasionista. See discussion archive.
 * peanut butter jelly time. See discussion archive.
 * phoneybration. See discussion archive.
 * Appendix:Place names in Serbia and Montenegro. See discussion archive.
 * Transwiki:Paymon. See discussion archive.
 * Palkia. See discussion archive.
 * Pangasinan language. See discussion archive.
 * Citations:Princess Leia costume. See discussion archive.
 * Padawan. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Policy - Wiktionary Official. See discussion archive.
 * pansentience. See discussion archive.
 * Appendix:Phyto-. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Policy - Wiktionary Policy Think-Tank. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Policy - Wiktionary Semi-Official. See discussion archive.
 * pro fide. See discussion archive.
 * Pooemon. See discussion archive.
 * Template:Policy-PI. See discussion archive.
 * Template:Policy-RP. See discussion archive.
 * Template:pt-adj-ng. See discussion archive.
 * Template:pp-semi-template. See discussion archive.
 * personja. See discussion archive.
 * Template:pt-adj-o. See discussion archive.
 * pona. See discussion archive.
 * PIOUTA. See discussion archive.
 * Template:possibly. See discussion archive.
 * panarchism. See discussion archive.
 * Padam. See discussion archive.
 * pretendian. See discussion archive.
 * presumptive nominee. See discussion archive.
 * precrire. See discussion archive.
 * protire. See discussion archive.
 * palimpect. See discussion archive.
 * Template:plug(-)in-noun. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Portuguese combining forms. See discussion archive.
 * philote. See discussion archive.
 * Category:Portuguese gerunds. See discussion archive.
 * philote. See discussion archive.
 * porn dancing. See discussion archive.
 * polymorphic reference. See discussion archive.
 * plonk in the middle. See discussion archive.
 * pastellify. See discussion archive.
 * Template:prescriptivism. See discussion archive.
 * pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism. See discussion archive.
 *  P. potens, discussion archive
 * PowerBook, PowerMac archive
 * pub name, see discussion
 * private sector housing. see discussion.
 * prenom. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * point-of-care imaging. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * payment in kind. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * peut être. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * pancreasedness. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * penis transplant. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * plastic scouser. Sense deleted, see discussion.
 * template:Perl discussion
 * paramukti discussion

title: Wiktionary:Previously deleted entries/P


text:
passatempore

Noun

 * 1) pastime

title: passatempore


text:
Talk:φονιάς

This was entered as a Danish word, so I'm not convinced the person entered the correct translation of "killer, murderer". --EncycloPetey 21:56, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Verified, cleaned up. —Stephen 17:21, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:φονιάς


text:
Talk:dragon

This is an rfv-sense for the definition: "Any of the 5 basic groups of giant reptiles."

Perhaps I'm missing something, but what are the five basic groups of giant reptiles? I'd say it's rubbish, but since there are definitely distinct mythological creatures from various cultures that have been labeled "dragon" over the years, I'm not positive.

Additionally, the remaining definitions could probably use some cleanup; if we don't resolve it via the RFV, it can go to RFC for the rest. --Jeffqyzt 17:06, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I took it to be literal and real when on patrol. There are a number of reptiles called dragons besides the Komodo. Looking into it some though there doesn't seem to be any systematic naming. It could use some touch-up regardless. DAVilla 18:04, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I have removed the disputed sense. In that sense, a dragon is a lizard.

RFD discussion: January–April 2020

 * See Talk:unicorn.

title: Talk:dragon


text:
Talk:firecall

Revived and cited. Okay to remove rfv? Also added two defs from google hits. DAVilla 17:55, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Intriguing. I can't understand the 2nd def. Does anyone else?  I was about to suggest that the first two senses were non-UK, but I see the OED has two UK cites for sense 1 from 1897 & 1906, so perhaps it's my ignorance. --Eng in ear 15:35, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I haven't researched it and I've never heard it used in this way, but having worked in emergency services for many years, I think it's talking about being 'on-call' or in this case, 'on-firecall' - where one would respond to the scene of the fire if a firecall was issued. --Versageek 16:00, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that's what I meant-ed. Please do change or delete it if incorrect. DAVilla 14:53, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 03:10, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:firecall


text: sphincters

title: sphincters


text:
Talk:titty

Two senses, allegedly in the OED (not.) --Connel MacKenzie 19:21, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

They are indeed both in the online version of the OED! SemperBlotto 21:37, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * In Wiktionary:

 * 1) a kitten
 * 2) (Scottish colloquial) a sister or girl

Both nonsense. Looking at the OED results below, I don't see either. (9, 10 and 11 are just bizarre search results, but unrelated, anyhow.)

Displaying 12 of 12 results Search level: All search terms in entry headings [info] Subjects searched: All 1. titty n. ( pl. titties ) another term for tit 2. (From The Concise Oxford English Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 2. titty n. = tit 3. (From The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 3. titty n. = tit 3 (esp. as a child's term). (From The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 4. titty n. another term for tit 2. (From The New Oxford American Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 5. titty noun ( pl. titties ) another term for tit 2. (From The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 6. titty n. = tit 3 (especially as a child's term). (From The Australian Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 7. titty noun = tit 2. (From The Canadian Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 8. titty see TIT 1. (From The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology in English Language Reference) 9. tough adjective (of a substance or object) strong enough to withstand adverse conditions or rough handling: tough rucksacks for climbers. • (of food, especially meat) difficult to cut or chew. (From The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 10. tough luck interjection informal → noun bad luck, misfortune. (From The Canadian Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses) 11. foxhole n. a hole in the ground used by troops as a shelter against enemy fire or as a firing point. Also called fighting hole, hasty pit, slit trench (especially in World War II), titty-deep, and Individual Fighting Position. (From The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military in Military History) 12. tit1 (dial. and vulgar) TEAT. OE. tit, corr. to (M)LG. titte, Du. tit, (M)HG. zitze. (From The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology in English Language Reference)

So, where in the OED are these? The bogus entries need to be removed, not the correct RFV tags! --Connel MacKenzie 20:10, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

From Oxford English Dictionary - -

Sc. colloq. A sister; a young woman or girl. Cf. KITTY1. tittie and billie, sister and brother (cf. BILLY1 3); hence to be tittie-billie, to be closely associated as brother and sister, or as brothers or sisters.

1725 RAMSAY Gentle Sheph. III. ii, That clattern Madge, my titty. 1790 BURNS Tam Glen i, My heart is a-breaking, dear Tittie! Some counsel unto me come len'. 1818 SCOTT Hrt. Midl. v, ‘Has she not a sister?’ ‘In troth has shepuir Jeanie Deans..; she was here greeting a wee while syne about her tittie’. 1825 JAMIESON s.v., Tam's a great thief, but Will's tittie-billie wi' him. 1896 J. LUMSDEN Poems 18 A band of billies And frisky titties.

A kitten, a cat; pussy.

1821 CLARE Vill. Minstr., etc. (1823) I. 165 Now she wails o'er Titty's bones With anguish deep. 1828 Craven Gloss., Titty-pussy, a cat. c1880 Northampt. Dial., Oh, mother, mother! titty is drinking the milk.

 * Um, could you supply the "cite this entry" link please? My library subscription shows no such thing.  --Connel MacKenzie 04:31, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Um, I can't see a "cite this entry" link. Are we talking about the same Oxford English Dictionary? The one I'm looking at says Second Edition 1989. There is a "Mail" button that I can use to email you a link - I'll try that. 08:06, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * No, you're not talking of the same dictionaries. Connel is talking about the Oxford Reference Online site  which uses, I think, the Concise OED and various other Oxford works, while SemperBlotto is talking about the Oxford English Dictionary Online site  which contains the full OED 2nd edition as modified by additions researched since.  Note that the full OED page claims only to work if accessed via a subscribing library's website. --Eng in ear 17:21, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Your last sentence doesn't quite match what you said in the previous sentences. I certainly was/do access through a library site.  The en.wikt: entry for titty is still broken, identifying the (as OED2? asserts, without attestation,) Scottish definitions as English.  These should not be in the ==English== section, right?  --Connel MacKenzie 18:52, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I intended my last sentence to warn that the site might not let in people reading this, if they tried to access it direct from the link I provided.

 * The first language of nearly all Scots is English rather than Scots. The OED, unlike us, lists only English (and possibly Middle English) entries, so the def is in the right place.  I'll add citing it to my to-do list, but I suspect it will be a pain, so it may stay there a while. --Eng in ear 21:44, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 03:20, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:titty


text:
Talk:nano

The sense of a fictional substance containing machines built on a nanoscale. Jonathan Webley 20:35, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

The online OED has it to mean nanotechnology. Other online dictionaries have it meaning any nanotechnology product, as does the OED's citations. SemperBlotto 21:43, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't this be at nano- (which already exists, BTW?) I don't think you'd speak of "a nano" or "our nano" unless it's meant to be slang...probably not that common; a quick look at Google Books hits seems to indicate that uses are either adjectival or as a combining form. --Jeffqyzt 15:03, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Removind disputed sense. Andrew massyn 03:26, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:nano


text:
verbo

Etymology
Borrowed from, and , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  verb

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) verb

Etymology
From, from , , , , , ultimately from from.

Noun

 * 1)  verb

Noun

 * 1) verb

Derived terms

 * le Verbo = The Word

Etymology
, from, from , from root + extension.

Noun

 * 1)  verb
 * 2)  word
 * 1)  word
 * 1)  word

Etymology
From, dative/ablative singular of , from , from , from , with the extension.

Etymology
From, , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  verb
 * 2)  language, use of words
 * 3)  saying, proverb, maxim
 * 4)  Word
 * 5) * John 1:1-4
 * 1)  Word
 * 2) * John 1:1-4

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  verb

title: verbo


text:
adverbio

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) adverb

Noun

 * 1) adverb

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) adverb

title: adverbio


text:
مہینہ

Etymology
.

Pronunciation

 * : ma̯ī̀nā

Noun

 * 1) month or thirty days
 * 2)  a monthly wage, allowance
 * 1)  a monthly wage, allowance

Noun

 * 1) month

title: مہینہ


text:
مہینا

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a month; period of thirty days
 * 2) monthly wage; allowance

title: مہینا


text:
महीना

Etymology

 * see 🇨🇬 for more.

Noun

 * 1) month

title: महीना


text:
سال

Verb

 * 1) to flow, to run
 * 2) to stretch over a horse's forehead and nose

Etymology 2
From the root, alternative form of.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) year

Noun

 * 1) sister-in-law (wife’s sister)

Noun

 * 1) invitation to a function (a dinner, lunch, etc.)

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to flow, to run

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be owed money
 * 2)  to ask

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  and its wood

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) thorn

Etymology 4
From.

Noun

 * 1) house
 * 2) hall
 * 3) place

Etymology 5
From.

Noun

 * 1) jackal

Etymology
From. Cognates with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a raft

title: سال


text:
साल

Etymology 1
, from, from , from. . Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  and its wood

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) thorn

Etymology 4
From.

Noun

 * 1) house
 * 2) hall
 * 3) place

Etymology 5
From.

Noun

 * 1) jackal

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) peel of a fruit

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) living room

Etymology 1
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) skin/peel of fruits or of tree barks

Etymology 2
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) year

title: साल


text:
почта

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) mail (U.S.), post (GB)
 * 2) post office
 * 1) post office
 * 1) post office

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) mail, post

title: почта


text:
수레

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cart, carriage, wheelbarrow

title: 수레


text:
ablative absolute

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.

Translations

 * Dutch: losse ablatief
 * Esperanto: ablativo absoluta
 * Finnish: ablatiivinen absoluutti
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ablativus absolutus
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: ablativo absoluto
 * Romanian:
 * Sicilian: ablativu assulutu
 * Spanish: ablativo absoluto
 * Telugu:

title: ablative absolute


text:
eigenmode

Noun

 * 1)  One of the normal vibrational modes of an oscillating system.

Translations

 * French: mode propre
 * Japanese: 固有モード
 * Spanish:

title: eigenmode


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/8001-9000

Words 8001-9000
section done. --Connel MacKenzie 04:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/8001-9000


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/9001-10000

Words 9001-10000
section done. --Connel MacKenzie 04:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/9001-10000


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/10001-11000

Words 10001-11000
section done. --Connel MacKenzie 08:34, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/10001-11000


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/11001-12000

Words 11001-12000
section done. --Connel MacKenzie 06:29, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/11001-12000


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/6001-7000

Words 6001-6100
osier oyster mushroom paint-billed crake paprika pearly antshrike pennyroyal piet-my-vrou pine weevil pistachio plain-winged antshrike polar bear pomegranate purple yam quakka quetzal recurve-billed bushbird red cedar red gum red rail red slender loris red-backed shrike red-faced cormorant red-tailed hawk red-throated pipit rimu ringed seal robusta rock pigeon roe rosemary rufous-backed antvireo rufous-capped antshrike rufous-winged antshrike rutabaga savin sea calf sea-calf seacalf shiitake sichuan pepper silverfish silvery-cheeked antshrike sloth bear small white snoring rail south american sea lion spearmint spot-backed antshrike spot-winged antshrike strawberry tree streak-backed antshrike sugar beet sweet basil taro tiger tufted antshrike turkey turtle dove undulated antshrike uniform antshrike uniform crake upland antshrike urraca variable antshrike waldmeister walrus warthog water buffalo water chestnut webcap white cedar white-bearded antshrike white-shouldered antshrike wolf woodruff woodworm wuderove yağmur kuşu yellowtail zebra zorille çavuş kuşu дикуша жук-олень เห็ดฟาง 慈菇
 * scientific names:

abacus abaft abandon abandoned abandonment abase abasedly abasement abash abatable abate abated abatement abbess
 * shorthand:

Words 6101-6200
abbey abbot abbreviate abbreviated abdicate abdicated abdication abdomen abduct abed aberrance aberrant aberrational abet abetted abeyance abhor abhorred abhorrence abhorrent abide ability abject abjuration abjure ablative ablaze
 * shorthand:

몸 야채 자매 할머니
 * similar terms:

baard
 * slang:

 * source:

förföra jelick mögr tą̀tə̀’ə́wyu tǫ̏’one
 * sources:

blue ribbon
 * spelling alternatives:

 * spelling note:

launa lambið gráa
 * story:

 * stroke order:

hastati hastatorum iuvenca iuvencus
 * substantive adjective:

Андрій
 * surnames:

bā ǎ 갈 개 객 갱 갸 갹 걀 걔 거 겨 견 경 계 곤 곽 광 괘 괴 교 구 국 군 궈 궤 귀 규 균 긔 기 까 깨 꺄 꺠 꺼 껴 꼐 꼬 꽈 꽤 꾀 꾜 꾸 꿔 꿰 뀌 뀨 끄 끠 끼 나 낙 낚 난 낟
 * syllable:

Words 6201-6300
날 낡 남 납 낫 낭 낳 내 냐 냬 너 녀 녜 노 놔 놰 뇌 뇨 누 눠 눼 뉘 뉴 느 니 다 대 댜 댸 더 데 뎌 뎨 독 돠 돼 되 됴 두 둬 뒈 뒤 듀 드 등 듸 디 따 때 땨 떄 떠 떼 뗘 뗴 또 똬 뙈 뙤 뚀 뚜 뚸 뛔 뛰 뜌 뜨 띄 띠 라 래 랴 럐 러 레 려 례 롸 뢔 뢰 료 루 뤄 뤠 뤼 류 르 릐 리 마 먀 먜 머 메 며 몌 모 뫄 뫠 뫼 묘
 * syllable:

Words 6301-6400
무 뭐 뭬 뮈 뮤 므 믜 미 민 바 밥 방 배 백 뱌 뱨 버 베 벼 볘 보 봐 봬 뵈 뵤 부 붜 붸 뷔 뷰 브 븨 비 빠 빼 뺘 뺴 뻐 뻬 뼈 뼤 뽀 뽜 뽸 뾔 뾰 뿌 뿨 쀄 쀠 쀼 쁘 쁴 삐 사 샤 섀 섭 세 셔 셰 소 솨 쇄 쇠 쇼 수 순 술 숴 쉐 쉬 슈 스 싀 시 싸 쌔 쌰 썌 써 쎄 쎠 쎼 쏘 쏴 쐐 쐬 쑈 쑤 쒀 쒜 쒸 쓔 쓰 씌 씨 아 앙 애
 * syllable:

Words 6401-6500
야 얘 어 역 염 예 오 완 왜 외 우 워 원 웨 위 유 으 응 자 재 쟈 쟤 적 점 제 져 졔 조 종 좌 좨 죄 죠 주 죽 준 중 줘 줴 쥐 쥬 즈 즉 즤 진 짜 째 쨔 쨰 쩌 쩨 쪄 쪠 쪼 쫘 쫴 쬐 쬬 쭈 쭤 쮀 쮜 쮸 쯔 쯰 찌 찜 차 참 채 챠 챼 처 척 체 쳐 쳬 초 촤 쵀 최 쵸 추 춰 췌 취 츄 츠 츼 치 카 캐 캬 컈 커 케 켜 켸 코 콰
 * syllable:

Words 6501-6600
쾌 쾨 쿄 쿠 쿼 퀘 퀴 큐 크 킈 키 타 탁 탄 태 탸 턔 터 테 텨 톄 토 톼 퇘 퇴 툐 투 퉈 퉤 튀 튜 트 틔 티 파 패 퍄 퍠 퍼 페 펴 편 폐 포 폭 퐈 퐤 푀 표 푸 풔 풰 퓌 프 픠 피 필 하 함 항 해 핵 햐 향 햬 허 헤 혀 혜 호 화 환 황 홰 회 효 후 훠 훼 휘 휴 흐 흑 희 히
 * syllable:

[http://en.wiktionary.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Kr._e.&action=edit Kr. e.]
 * synonym:

slim
 * synonymms:

 * synonyms:

ol
 * syntactic particle:

 * teochew:

bokep
 * transformation:

aaba' boogijizh
 * transformations:

bump into calare controllare decomporre dringim escludere ferire fornire get to grips with
 * transitive verb:

Words 6601-6700
give curry heingja idrogenare ikurapapahmãko kobistama leiðrétta lukim manifestare opporre paitim patha- precedere retire the side ridare stirare studiare theo trở thành tzacua ustulare wangka-
 * transitive verb:

en avoir marre de
 * transitive verbal expression:

ould неделя черепаха четврток דינסטיק מאָנטיק קו حصان इ ई उ ऊ ऌ ए ऐ ओ औ श ष ॠ
 * transliteration:

Canes Venatici Jáchym LA Meriam Ophiuchus Vilma abstemious abstemiously aerious angstskrik anticonstitutionnellement arsenious assessees autochthonous azureus balefire beefily bezique billowy bookkeeper caesious cardamom catchphrase cupboardy dermatoglyphics eventually eventualmente ewe facetious facetiously gladiolus grammar honorificabilitudinitatibus hookkeeper humuhumunukunukuapuaa ideality latchstring nonsupports precipitevolissimevolmente queueing quixotry reverberate rhythmlessly rhythms scrootched sensuousness skrik startling stewardesses subtly the tonto undergrounder watchstrap zenial passage zyxt 띠앗
 * trivia:

closure
 * troponyms:

Words 6701-6800
döda höra patch file sale skratta sleep sound steal wire
 * troponyms:

 * uncommon on-reading of::

 * uncommon reading of::

-aĉ- -eg- -et- мэ̇-сь
 * usage:

cabra
 * useful expressions:

classe
 * useful phrases:

꾸다
 * uses:

archepiscopus
 * variant spelling:

follican
 * variant spellings:

timme
 * variants:

dae
 * verb (1):

 * verb (2):

 * verb 2:

-ir
 * verb ending:

جانس
 * verb iii:

zhiyou
 * verb phrase:

kanshu
 * verb-object:

fixus vagantes
 * verbal adjective:

bekkentrekken
 * verbal expression:

brosa
 * verbal noun:

ng4
 * wade-giles:

 * word element:

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/6001-7000


text:
User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/7001-8000

Words 7001-8000
section done. --Connel MacKenzie 04:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Connel MacKenzie/todo2/7001-8000


text: はじ

title: はじ


text:
relative superlative

Noun

 * 1)  the superlative (a degree of comparison) when it is used to express the highest degree of something in relation to something else
 * 2)  In Greek: one of the degrees of comparison of an adjective, the equivalent in English of the superlative, similar to the comparative superlative used in Spanish. Compare with absolute superlative.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: relativer Superlativ
 * Spanish: superlativo relativo

 * Greek: σχετικό υπερθετικό
 * Romanian: superlativ relativ

title: relative superlative


text:
Talk:soul

Verification debate
A pathetic of pitiable person
 * Poor wee soul

Surely the phrase itself given as an example of its usage is idomatic to some extent and that this sense for soul is not really valid?--Williamsayers79 14:40, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it would be valid if you took out the "pathetic or pitiable" part.

 * A crowd of 10,000 souls had gathered in the park to hear the speech.
 * I and half a dozen other likeminded souls decided to clean up the park.
 * I was just a wandering soul on the road, like countless others fleeing the war's devastation.

 * There is perhaps a sense of facelessness or lack of identity that comes with this usage. But I don't think it necessarily implies that the person is pitiable or pathetic.  --Jeffqyzt 14:56, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I updated the definition to be "A person, especially as one among many", and added a cite from The Federalist Papers. If someone feels this isn't well known enough, I can easily add more.  I left the rfv-sense. --Jeffqyzt 15:33, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I dont see the pathetic person as valid. I am removing that sense. Andrew massyn 06:29, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Anagrams
How precisely is "soul" an anagram of "Æolus"? 24.117.33.109 08:48, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Bug in the program that counts ligatures as non-letters. Removed. Mglovesfun (talk) 08:52, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Missing mathematical sense
Sounds rather abstruse. See. Equinox ◑ 14:47, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

 * ✅ Equinox ◑ 13:37, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:soul