text:
Talk:strafe

Meanings
Let's find a consensus for all the popular meanings of "strafe" in English. - I think it has something to do with shooting a gun. -

As a verb, strafe means, "to attack (ground troops, for example) with a machine gun or cannon from a low-flying aircraft." As a noun, it means, "an attack of machine-gun or cannon fire from a low-flying aircraft."

It originates from the German phrase Gott strafe England ("God punish England") a common salutation in Germany in 1914 and the following years.

It was used (originally by British soldiers) in various senses suggested by its origin: To punish; to do damage to; to attack fiercely; to heap imprecations on. In later military usage, it came to mean to attack from low-flying aircraft with bombs or machine-gun fire, etc.

(References: The Oxford English Dictionary, various other garden-variety desktop dictionaries, dictionary.com)

Interestingly, the first-person-shooter video game Quake has perpetuated an odd misuse of the word strafe.

Strafe does not mean to step sideways or run sideways; it has no relation to movement, lateral or otherwise. How it came to mean what it does in Quake et al is a mystery.

--C3k 13:40, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * If you happen to be shooting with a machine gun or similar while moving sideways as in Quake, Doom etc. (which is what the game is all about!) then it is very similar to what I would understand by the word, ie: shooting continuously from an aircraft at targets on the ground. The aircraft is usually moving which is where the movement concept comes from. trunkie 19:32, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I had thought about that possibility; however I have encountered several uses of the verb where a meaning solely of lateral movement was clearly all that was implied. Is it possible a key-function in the game that was originally intended to spray gunfire was superceded or replaced with a lateral-movement key-function but the name (strafe) for the former function was never updated?

 * Anyway, guess we ought to move this stuff to a Discussion section if there is more to be discussed. It is certainly interesting to help build a dictionary entry and to observe and discuss the evolution of meaning(s) for various words....  --C3k 20:38, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I have seen Strafe used to represent lateral movement in not only video games but also military and band marching instruction manuals. I really believe this usage needs investigation. It may be a recent development possibly due to the misuse by games as early as Wolfenstein 3D, but it has crept into other areas. I, even after learning it in relation to marching, had no idea that the word had anything to do with shooting a gun. I have consulted with other people who have agreed that this is the definition they understood it to have. The definition given here although correct is also perhaps archiac to the younger generation. Comments?

 * Right, it seems to be shifting increasingly towards the meaning 'lateral motion', and I do think FPS games have perpetuated the concept. Why not? It's nice example of semantic drift. Pronunciation is different from the German too.. "strayfe" and not "strah-fe", although that's likely to have been that way from the start. I'd say that the new meaning is definitely worthy of mention. Certainly there are far less people using the old meaning than there are FPS players.

RFV — passed
Rfv-sense" to sidestep; to move sideways without turning. A core mechanic of most first-person shooters. A video-game sense.
 * This doesn't seem plausible, given the earlier meaning, but attestation could prove it an actual current meaning. DCDuring TALK 13:51, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * As an occasional Doom player, I've certainly heard of this. There are some decent references in among this lot: Equinox 16:41, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not finding that I personally can abide the "sidestep" sense, whether attestable or not. DCDuring TALK 18:07, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I believe it comes from the movement of a strafing aeroplane, i.e. left to right without turning away from the enemy. Added a couple of book citations. Equinox 14:09, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Cited and kept. Equinox ◑ 19:12, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

strafe
Definitions given are way out in left field. From a stationary gun, you strafe an advancing line of attackers. Video games have had absolutely nothing to do with "shifting" meaning of WWI era terms that have remained in common use, for about a century. --Connel MacKenzie 12:56, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems, that DAVilla and others have cleaned this entry. - -sche 18:32, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:strafe


text:
Talk:in flagrante delicto

Shouldn't these definitions be under "in flagrante delicto"? It doesn't seem to make much sense to say "in in the act of committing a misdeed" or "in while performing sexual activity". Ortonmc 04:35, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's "in flagrante delicto", or, colloquially, "in flagrante". -- Paul G 09:49, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * “in flagrante” added
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 08:21, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Adverb
Is it? Rich Farmbrough 19:22, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes – it is a manner, and modifies a verb. How were you caught? You were caught in flagrante.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 08:22, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Etymology of the "in the act of intercourse" definition
This second definition of the term is though to originate from the movie Clue. Should this be added?

 * Usage in Clue is mentioned at WP, and is appropriate there. If a citation can be found for the usage of “sex” originating in Clue, feel free to add to Etymology section.
 * I find this implausible, as the phrase has existed for centuries in legal use; it is possible that Clue popularized this usage (searching mentions before and after would give some evidence), but I suspect that it’s centuries older.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 08:21, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:in flagrante delicto


text:
Talk:irange

This needs to be translated into English. The definition given looks to be in some Romance language, and seems to translate to "orange". But I don't know what the original language is. Ortonmc 05:22, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, never mind, I looked under orange and found it's Occitan. Ortonmc 05:25, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:irange


text:
beast

Etymology
From, , from (🇨🇬), from ; many cognates – see.

Noun

 * 1)  An animal, especially a large or dangerous land vertebrate.
 * 2)   A domestic animal, especially a bovine farm animal.
 * 3)  All non-human animals seen as a group.
 * 4)  A monstrously unusual and dangerous animal.
 * 5) A person who behaves in a violent, antisocial or uncivilized manner.
 * 6)  Anything regarded as larger or more powerful than one of its normal size or strength.
 * That is a beast of a stadium.
 * The subwoofer that comes with this set of speakers is a beast.
 * 1)  Someone who is particularly impressive, especially athletically or physically.
 * 2)  A sex offender.
 * 3)  Something unpleasant and difficult.
 * 4) A thing or matter, especially a difficult or unruly one.
 * That is a beast of a stadium.
 * The subwoofer that comes with this set of speakers is a beast.
 * 1)  Someone who is particularly impressive, especially athletically or physically.
 * 2)  A sex offender.
 * 3)  Something unpleasant and difficult.
 * 4) A thing or matter, especially a difficult or unruly one.
 * 1)  Something unpleasant and difficult.
 * 2) A thing or matter, especially a difficult or unruly one.
 * 1) A thing or matter, especially a difficult or unruly one.
 * 1) A thing or matter, especially a difficult or unruly one.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: አውሬ
 * Arabic: وَحْش
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: ,
 * Atong (India): mat
 * Bashkir: хайуан
 * Basque: aberetzar
 * Belarusian: звер,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Carpathian Rusyn: звірь
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: mananap
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 四足獸, ,
 * Chukchi: гынник
 * Czech:, bestie,
 * Danish:, vilddyr,
 * Dutch:, wild dier,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ;
 * French:, bête sauvage
 * Georgian: მხეცი, ცხოველი
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: θήρ, θηρίον
 * Haitian Creole: bèt
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Higaonon: langgam
 * Hindi:, , , ,
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: beithíoch
 * Istriot: bies'cia
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:,  ,
 * Kaingang: mĩg
 * Kapampangan: ulimo
 * Kashmiri: جانور
 * Kazakh: хайуан
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Latgalian: zviers, dzeivnīks, žeivots
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian: ,
 * Lithuanian: žvėris
 * Macedonian: ѕвер,
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: янлык
 * Middle French: beste
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: ,
 * Nahuatl:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan: ,
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: звѣрь
 * Old East Slavic: звѣрь
 * Old English: dēor
 * Old French: beste
 * Ottoman Turkish: حیوان
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Tia
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Punjabi: ਹੈਵਾਨ
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic:, beathach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зве̑р, звије̑р, чу̏довӣште, живо̀тиња, зверка, звијерка
 * Roman:, , , , zverka, zvijerka
 * Slovak: zviera, zver, ,
 * Slovene: ,
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: zwěrje
 * Upper Sorbian: zwěrjo
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: nunda
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: halimaw
 * Tajik: дад, дарранда
 * Telugu: ,
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Volapük:, lunim, bestaf
 * Western Panjabi: حیوان
 * Yiddish: בעסטיע

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Swahili:

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 兇暴而殘忍的人, 凶暴而残忍的人,
 * Czech: bestie
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, ;
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌹𐌰𐍂𐌹
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin: ,
 * Maori: nau(w)hea
 * Ottoman Turkish: حیوان
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: brùid
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зве̑р, звије̑р, чу̏довӣште
 * Roman:, ,
 * Slovene: ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili: nunda
 * Telugu:
 * Yiddish: בעסטיע

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish: ,

 * Northern Ndebele: ,
 * Southern Ndebele: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To impose arduous exercises, either as training or as punishment.
 * 2)  To engage in sexual intercourse with, particularly in an illicit context.

Adjective

 * 1)  great; excellent; powerful

Etymology
From, from , from.

title: beast


text:
auto-

Etymology 1
.

Prefix

 * 1)  Reflexive, regarding or to oneself.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: outo-
 * Albanian: auto-
 * Aragonese: auto-
 * Armenian:, ավտո-
 * Asturian: auto-
 * Azerbaijani: avto-
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: аўта-
 * Bulgarian: авто-
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: auto-, selv-
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: aŭto-
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, itse-,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ავტო-
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: αὐτό-
 * Hebrew: אוֹטוֹ־
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: auto-
 * Indonesian: auto-, swa-
 * Interlingua: auto-
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: авто-
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: авто-
 * Latin: auto-
 * Latvian: auto-
 * Lithuanian: auto-
 * Macedonian: авто-
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: awto-
 * Moroccan Amazigh: -ⵎⴰⵏ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵜ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵏ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: selv-, auto-
 * Nynorsk: auto-
 * Occitan: auto-
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Cyrillic: ауто-
 * Russian:, , себе-
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ауто-
 * Roman: auto-
 * Sicilian: autu-
 * Slovak: auto-
 * Slovene: auto-
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: awto-
 * Tajik: авто-
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: awto-
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uzbek:
 * Yiddish: אויטאָ־

Prefix

 * 1)  Automatic.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: авто-
 * Czech: samo-
 * Danish: auto-
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Ido: auto-
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Moroccan Amazigh: -ⵎⴰⵏ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵜ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵏ, -ⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: auto-
 * Nynorsk: auto-
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ауто-
 * Roman: auto-

Etymology 3
, from +

Prefix

 * 1) Relating to cars or the driving of cars.

Translations

 * Armenian: ավտո-
 * Bulgarian: авто-
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian: auto-
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ауто-
 * Roman: auto-

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1)  regarding oneself
 * 2)  relating to cars

Prefix

 * 1)  regarding oneself

Prefix

 * 1) self
 * 2) automatic
 * 3) cars
 * 1) cars
 * 1) cars

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Prefix

 * 1) auto-, self- regarding oneself
 * 2) auto- automatic
 * 1) auto- automatic
 * 1) auto- automatic
 * 1) auto- automatic
 * 1) auto- automatic
 * 1) auto- automatic

Usage notes

 * In Finnish the prefix is chiefly used with loanwords, see usage examples above.

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1)  regarding oneself
 * 2)  automatic
 * 3)  relating to cars

Usage notes

 * is sometimes added to reflexive verbs in order to stress the reflexiveness of the action. When this is done, the reflexive pronoun is always used as well:

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * , self-

Derived terms
From.

Prefix

 * 1) auto-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) auto- regarding oneself
 * 2) auto- automatic

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * : regarding oneself.

Etymology 1
From.

Prefix

 * , self- regarding oneself; by oneself
 * , self- automatic
 * 1)  eigen-
 * 2)  homo- same

Etymology 2
From,.

Prefix

 * 1)  relating to cars

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1) self-;  done by or directed at oneself
 * 2)  automatic
 * 3)  relating to automobiles
 * 4)  eigen- relating to eigenvectors and eigenvalues
 * 1)  relating to automobiles
 * 2)  eigen- relating to eigenvectors and eigenvalues
 * 1)  eigen- relating to eigenvectors and eigenvalues

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1) drive-in
 * 1) drive-in

title: auto-


text:
puso

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Rice wrapped and boiled in a casing made of woven coconut leaves.

Noun

 * 1)  brain

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  heart
 * 2) heart or blossom of a banana

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) the flower of the banana plant
 * 2) rice wrapped and boiled in a casing made of woven coconut leaves

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) a water well that uses a hand pump to obtain water; the village pump
 * 2) the pump used to obtain water from the ground

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Noun

 * 1) pus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology
From, from , from ,.

Adjective

 * 1) failure
 * 2)  damaged

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) heart

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

Etymology
Compound of.

Etymology
From, from , alteration and methathesis of.

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  heart
 * 2) heart or blossom of a banana
 * 3) ear of corn
 * 4)  center; core
 * 5)  inmost thoughts and feelings; conscience
 * 1)  inmost thoughts and feelings; conscience

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heart

title: puso


text:
Talk:reason

I think this needs reverting/some editing. The last change didn't make the definition any clearer. trunkie 09:45, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow, this entry has needed cleanup for a long time. - -sche (discuss) 22:33, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

RFV discussion: April–October 2012
Rfv-sense 2x: Tagged a couple years ago but not listed. - -sche (discuss) 20:09, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) "proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion"
 * 2) "(obsolete) due exercise of the reasoning faculty"
 * 2. seems to be referring to its use in premodern philosophy / theology (and discussions about them), which should be well-attested. It's quite hard to verify because it's difficult to distinguish from the "rational thinking" definition, but the distinction does hold. --Tyrannus Mundi (talk) 00:37, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I've deleted the first sense ("proof") as RFV-failed. - -sche (discuss) 00:09, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * RFV-failed/resolved. - -sche (discuss) 19:37, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

RFC discussion: January 2007–July 2009
Do we really need an obtuse paragraph for each definition? Perhaps someone could pare this down to something more reasonable? --Connel MacKenzie 04:41, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm doing something similar; a list of 850 (later 1000) words with an exact concept in spanish and italian. The "weight of the word" (so to speak) is based also on if it has or not a direct translation in 1 word. The uses are different (to manage a basic vocabulary on N languages); but it may help. I'm basing first on the "simple english" dictionary, with some deletions and additions and later on a vocabulary based on frequency that I found (in ~5 languages).

 * At least it's a way to study languages, but I may give input on this category. This dictionary is on my userpage--Esteban.barahona 19:52, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The definition looks fine now - at least to me - can we strike this discussion or is there yet work to be done? L☺g☺maniac chat? 17:18, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

RFC discussion: June 2010–October 2017
Get rid of the cause subdivision. Can’t we remove the webster tag by now? Split up derived terms and translation sections. H. (talk) 10:04, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * All Webster tags should be considered tantamount to rfc tags, IMHO. When I am ambitious, I tackle one. (I tried at accident. Does the new version seem better?) It is quite time-consuming. The wording is usually stilted and using words and wording likely to communicate effectively to few users. Modernizing the formatting only or removing only serves to make such problematic entries harder to find and correct and perpetuates the illusion that we have a satisfactory monolingual dictionary.
 * If I were translating, I would avoid such entries as a matter of course and add them to this list if they are important to you. Correcting them may take time. I would be happy to make any entries that appear here as having a matter of priority for my efforts. DCDuring TALK  15:05, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, all webster entries need modernising. Exactly the reason why I don't want a great batch of similar entries generated from the old medical dictionaries (see Grease Pit). SemperBlotto 15:10, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * And some of the Webster tags have been removed prematurely. The medical dictionary entries would probably languish unless we recruit and train (!) some medical types. Perhaps other templates and a process for updating would give us some hope of eventually getting such entries right. DCDuring TALK 16:42, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

 * If anyone is simply dumping definitions from the medical dictionaries, I'll be happy to join in the collective administration of a cluestick. So far, with just us regulars working through the list, I haven't seen any evidence of that.  -- Visviva 17:54, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Cleaned up, I reckon. I updated the definitions, added some quotes from Wikisource, checked a translation. Yes, there are some TTBCs remaining, but the essence of the page looks good enough to me. And good enough is good enough, as a wise person once said. --P5Nd2 (talk) 10:52, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

sufficient reason
sufficient reason: the philosophical principle that nothing happens by chance and that an explanation must be available for everything Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:26, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

reason out
3. resolve using rational thought: to formulate or resolve something using rational means reason out a math problem Microsoft® Encarta® 2009

reason something ↔ out (phrasal verb) to find an explanation or solution to a problem, by thinking of all the possibilities https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/reason-out

However I do not know where I can find the meaning of the symbol ↔ that longman dictionaries use --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:38, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

 * This is just a guess: are they saying that you can either use "read something out" or "read out something" (i.e. the particle can move within the phrase)? Equinox ◑ 16:44, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

in reason
Idiom With good sense or justification; reasonably. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=reason --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:22, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

by reason of
Due to; on account, because, or as a result of: by reason of this being the defendant's first offense, we've decided to pursue a lenient sentence. --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:28, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Reason for/*of (cf. cause)
The reason for something is the fact or situation which explains why it happens, exists, or is done. Don't use any preposition except for after reason in sentences like The reason for this relationship is clear. You can talk about a person's reason for doing something. https://www.wordreference.com/EnglishUsage/reason --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:36, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:reason


text:
Talk:Sequoyah

Untitled
Isn't it "syllabary" (lower case, spelled thus) rather than "Syllabry"? Or is this some other word? -- Paul G 09:51, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * How silly of me! Fixed thanks Paul. Hippietrail 12:10, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Sequoyah
We don't normally have entries for specific people, even if their name is the origin of other words (a link to their article on the 'pedia normally suffices). Is this one a special case? Thryduulf 20:13, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Keep, Otherwise we lose Hercules, Zeus, etc. We keep names, we simply do not keep collocations of names which specify certain people (e.g. Isaac Newton).  Even if there is only one person who has a name, we still keep it.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 20:47, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Keep - It's also the origin of the words sequoia and Sequoia. If it is also a given name (used by other people/figures) then it has merit on those grounds as well. --EncycloPetey 23:26, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Kept. Equinox ◑ 23:09, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sequoyah


text:
Talk:cousin

Should we have Polyglot's [|family tree] as a see also on all these relatives? Or some other way of linking formally? Should family tree become an appendix or special page? trunkie 10:33, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * If the family tree gets used it should be moved to its own appendix. It still needs quite a bit of work though. Feel free to improve it, if you see a way to do that. I'm not entirely happy with it the way it is right now. I don't see how to improve it though, using only html. The reason for using only html is that it should be easily editable by fellow wiktionarians. The original idea was to have a template where other languages could have been filled in instead of the English.
 * Maybe it's better to use some little trees instead of trying to put it all on one big tree that quickly becomes very tangled (and too wide for viewing without scrolling horizontally).

Also have a look at the talk page. Petruk proposed a different way of skinning the cat... Polyglot 11:05, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

RFC discussion: October 2012
The translations use indents, specifically ** or *: for usage qualifiers instead of by language or by script such as *: Mandarin and *: Cyrillic (both of these two examples are standard). Also, we do just want the word for 'cousin' in these translations, languages which have specific words for maternal cousin and paternal cousin but also just have a word for cousin, that sort of extra information should go in the language's entry itself. The reason is usability. Yes, we sometimes act like our users aren't human beings, but they are! Adding tonnes of qualifiers and extra information makes translation tables much harder to use, which is why I sometimes remove such information and put it in the language itself. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:27, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I've fixed the nesting issue. We could move some info to entries like paternal cousin, maternal cousin (and link to those entries via trans-see), but many of the translations and glosses (e.g. Ewe's) are best presented the way they currently are presented, IMO. - -sche (discuss) 02:40, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:cousin


text:
poner

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to put

Verb

 * 1) to put

Etymology
(whence English and ), from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to put, to put up, to place, to lay
 * 2)  to set, to set up
 * 3)  to put on
 * 4)  to choose, to designate
 * 5)  to make
 * 6)  to make, to give
 * 7)  to say, to read
 * 8)  to name, to give a nickname
 * 9)  to bring
 * 10)  to lay
 * 11)  to turn, to turn on
 * 12)  to get
 * 13)  to call
 * 14)  to pay
 * 15)  to draw
 * 16)  to plant, to set up
 * 17)  to contribute; to bring
 * 18)  to play
 * 19)  to turn on, make horny
 * 20)  to put on, to don, to change into (clothing, shoes, accoutrements)
 * 21)  to get
 * 22)  (of a heavenly body) to set
 * 23)  to become, to get
 * 24)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 25)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to get
 * 2)  to call
 * 3)  to pay
 * 4)  to draw
 * 5)  to plant, to set up
 * 6)  to contribute; to bring
 * 7)  to play
 * 8)  to turn on, make horny
 * 9)  to put on, to don, to change into (clothing, shoes, accoutrements)
 * 10)  to get
 * 11)  (of a heavenly body) to set
 * 12)  to become, to get
 * 13)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 14)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to turn on, make horny
 * 2)  to put on, to don, to change into (clothing, shoes, accoutrements)
 * 3)  to get
 * 4)  (of a heavenly body) to set
 * 5)  to become, to get
 * 6)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 7)  to put oneself
 * 1)  (of a heavenly body) to set
 * 2)  to become, to get
 * 3)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 4)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to become, to get
 * 2)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 3)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 2)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 2)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to start doing something, to begin, to get down to + a + infinitive
 * 2)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to put oneself
 * 1)  to put oneself

Usage notes

 * ponerse in the sense of to become is used to indicate changes in physical condition, appearance, or mood (voluntary or involuntary) which are usually short-lived.
 * The form of ponerse a is followed by an infinitive verb form.

title: poner


text:
sedan

Etymology 1
The sense of "windowed chair" was first used by Sir Sanders Duncombe in 1634, possibly from a southern Italian dialect of, from. The "motorcar" sense was first recorded in 1912 in North America.

Noun

 * 1) An enclosed windowed chair suitable for a single occupant, carried by at least two porters, in equal numbers in front and behind, using wooden rails that passed through metal brackets on the sides of the chair.
 * 2)  An automobile designed in a configuration with separate compartments for engine space, driver/passenger space and luggage space.
 * 3) * 1986 May, Jack Keebler, U.S. Family Sedans - traditional technology takes on state of the art, Popular Science, |%22sedans%22+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&source=bl&ots=dqjhMg6mea&sig=9bdWDjFwCWWy_vkbujDEd0R_F3s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CMU8UMGIPNGQiQe1w4DQBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22sedan%22|%22sedans%22%20-intitle%3A%22%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false page 24,
 * What we are observing in this sedan square-off is the cumulative effect of modern design technology on the family sedan.
 * What we are observing in this sedan square-off is the cumulative effect of modern design technology on the family sedan.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: носилка, паланкин
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: φορεῖον
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin: lectica, feretrum
 * Macedonian: носилка
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: носиљка
 * Roman:
 * Tamil: சரக்கறை சீருந்து
 * Vietnamese:

 * Afrikaans: sedan
 * Bulgarian: купе
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 三廂車
 * Finnish:, porrasperä
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: fólksbíll
 * Japanese: セダン
 * Macedonian: седа́н
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:

Etymology 2
Invented at in France.

Noun

 * 1) A handbarrow for transporting fish.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * , car type

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sedan body style for cars

Etymology 1
From, from. See Norwegian. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation

 * (formal)
 * (colloquial)

Adverb

 * 1) then, after this (that), afterwards; next in order

Conjunction

 * 1) since, from the time that (and often as a consequence of)

Preposition

 * 1) since; from a given point in time

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; a body style of a car

title: sedan


text:
saloon

Etymology
From , either augmentative of , or borrowed from , augmentative form of , ; in both cases borrowed from a  source such as 🇨🇬, from , from , derived from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A tavern, especially in an American Old West setting.
 * 2)  A lounge bar in an English public house, contrasted with the public bar.
 * A pint of beer in the saloon bar costs a penny more than in the public bar.
 * 1)  A car with a boot or trunk compartment separate from the driver/passenger space; a sedan.
 * 2) The cabin area of a boat or yacht devoted to seated relaxation, often combined with dining table.
 * 3)  the part of a rail carriage or multiple unit containing seating for passengers.
 * 4)  A barbershop store offering haircuts.
 * 1)  A barbershop store offering haircuts.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:pub
 * See also Thesaurus:pub

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, бар
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Latin:, , canaba
 * Plautdietsch: Schenkj
 * Russian:, ,

 * Bulgarian: обща зала
 * Maori: haranu

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (bar)

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  (bar)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a  (tavern, especially in an American Old West setting)

title: saloon


text:
estate

Etymology
From, from and  (French: ), from. .

Noun

 * 1) The collective property and liabilities of someone, especially a deceased person.
 * 2)  state; condition.
 * 3)  Status, rank.
 * 4)  The condition of one's fortunes; prosperity, possessions.
 * 5)  A "person of estate"; a nobleman or noblewoman.
 * 1)  Status, rank.
 * 2)  The condition of one's fortunes; prosperity, possessions.
 * 3)  A "person of estate"; a nobleman or noblewoman.
 * 1)  A "person of estate"; a nobleman or noblewoman.

 * 1)  A major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country and formerly possessing distinct political rights.
 * 2)  The nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land.
 * 3) An (especially extensive) area of land, under a single ownership.
 * 4) The landed property owned or controlled by a government or a department of government.
 * 5)  A housing estate.
 * 6)  A station wagon; a car with a tailgate (or liftgate) and storage space to the rear of the seating which is coterminous with the passenger compartment (and often extensible into that compartment via folding or removable seating).
 * 7)  The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs.
 * 8)  An organization's collective information technology resources.
 * 1)  A housing estate.
 * 2)  A station wagon; a car with a tailgate (or liftgate) and storage space to the rear of the seating which is coterminous with the passenger compartment (and often extensible into that compartment via folding or removable seating).
 * 3)  The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs.
 * 4)  An organization's collective information technology resources.
 * 1)  An organization's collective information technology resources.
 * 1)  An organization's collective information technology resources.

Synonyms

 * estate car, station sedan, station wagon, wagon

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: pärand
 * Finnish: varat ja velat ;
 * French:
 * Galician:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: οὐσία
 * Hindi:, एस्टेट, ,
 * Italian: asse ereditario
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: имот, заоставштина
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: staþolǣht
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: oighreachd
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: майно́,

 * Finnish:
 * Portuguese:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:
 * Portuguese: ,

 * Finnish:, johtomies ;

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: stand
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Latvian:
 * Macedonian: сталеж
 * Old French:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: oikeus maa-alueeseen
 * French: proprieté,
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: īpašums
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bavarian: Guad
 * Belarusian: сядзіба
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Finnish: ; ,
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Hindi:, एस्टेट
 * Irish: seilbh
 * Italian:, ,
 * Latin: manerium
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: sodyba
 * Macedonian: посед, имот
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: fearann na h-oighreachd, oighreachd
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: emlâk
 * Ukrainian:

 * Finnish: valtion maa

Adjective

 * 1)  Previously owned; secondhand.
 * an estate diamond; estate jewelry

Verb

 * 1)  To give an estate to.
 * 2)  To bestow upon.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) summer

Etymology
Latinizing modification of, inherited from , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) summer

title: estate


text:
station wagon

Etymology
From ; station wagons were originally designed for transporting people and luggage between stations and country estates.

Noun

 * 1)  A vehicle providing transport to and from a railway station.
 * 2)  A body style for cars in which the roof is extended rearward to produce an enclosed area in the position and serving the function of the boot (trunk) of a sedan / saloon.
 * 3) * 1952 November, Should You Buy A Station Wagon?, Kiplinger′s Personal Finance, |%22station+wagons%22+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&source=bl&ots=kHIicbA-HJ&sig=7zIw5PQlXp0j7pU4gA84kwtDi8U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=369lUPCSO8meiQeYloDIBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22station%20wagon%22|%22station%20wagons%22%20-intitle%3A%22%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false page 45,
 * Trade-in values for station wagons have shown a marked improvement since the introduction of the all-steel body. In fact, a station wagon buyer need not worry about his investment′s depreciating any more than he would have to if he bought a four-door sedan.
 * Trade-in values for station wagons have shown a marked improvement since the introduction of the all-steel body. In fact, a station wagon buyer need not worry about his investment′s depreciating any more than he would have to if he bought a four-door sedan.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: stasiewa
 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian: комби
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: stationcar
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kombinaŭto
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, kombiautó
 * Icelandic: skutbíll
 * Italian: giardinetta,
 * Japanese: ステーションワゴン
 * Korean: 스테이션 왜건
 * Macedonian: карава́н
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: stasjonsvogn
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: carmelita, ranchera, , ,  ,  , guayín
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:

title: station wagon


text:
guard

Etymology
For verb: From early or late  (circa 14th cent), from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence also the English inherited ). See also 🇨🇬.

For noun: From, from early or late  (whence modern 🇨🇬), from the verb. , which is from 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something.
 * 2)  A garda; a police officer.
 * 3)  A squad responsible for protecting something.
 * 4) The part of a sword that protects the wielder's hand.
 * 5) A part of a machine which blocks access to dangerous parts.
 * 6) A watchchain.
 * 7)  A panel of a car that encloses the wheel area, especially the front wheels.
 * 8)  A state of caution; posture of defence.
 * 9) Something worn to protect part of the body, e.g. the shins in cricket.
 * 10)  A relatively short player, playing farther from the basket than a forward or centre.
 * 11)  The position on the popping crease where a batsman makes a mark to align himself with the wicket; see take guard.
 * 12)  Either of two offensive positions between the centre and each of the offensive tackles, whose main responsibilities are to protect the quarterback, and open up "holes" through which offensive players can run.
 * 13)  A ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs.
 * 14)  A player playing a position named guard.
 * 15)  An employee, normally travelling in the last vehicle of a train, responsible for the safety of the train.
 * 16)  A Boolean expression that must evaluate to true for a branch of program execution to continue.
 * 17)  The, a radio frequency reserved for emergency communications, typically 121.5MHz for civilian use.
 * 1)  A relatively short player, playing farther from the basket than a forward or centre.
 * 2)  The position on the popping crease where a batsman makes a mark to align himself with the wicket; see take guard.
 * 3)  Either of two offensive positions between the centre and each of the offensive tackles, whose main responsibilities are to protect the quarterback, and open up "holes" through which offensive players can run.
 * 4)  A ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs.
 * 5)  A player playing a position named guard.
 * 6)  An employee, normally travelling in the last vehicle of a train, responsible for the safety of the train.
 * 7)  A Boolean expression that must evaluate to true for a branch of program execution to continue.
 * 8)  The, a radio frequency reserved for emergency communications, typically 121.5MHz for civilian use.
 * 1)  The, a radio frequency reserved for emergency communications, typically 121.5MHz for civilian use.

Translations

 * Albanian:, ,
 * Arabic: حَارِس
 * Egyptian Arabic: غفير
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bashkir: һаҡсы
 * Belarusian: вартавы́, ахо́ўнік,
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:, ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chamorro: a'adahi
 * Cherokee: ᎠᎦᏘᏱ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: gardisto
 * Estonian: valvur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, , gardiá
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: σκοπός, φύλαξ, τηρός
 * Haitian Creole: gad
 * Hawaiian: makaʻina
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, , मुहाफ़िज़, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ilocano: bantayan
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish: garda
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese: 監視者, ,
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Lao: ຍາມ
 * Latgalian: sorgs
 * Latin: custōs,
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: sargas
 * Macedonian: чувар
 * Maori: kaitiaki
 * Navajo: haʼasídí
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: vakt
 * Old English: weard
 * Persian:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, , ,
 * Russian: old use,, , , , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: freiceadan, geàrd
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Sicilian: guardia, vardia
 * Slovak: stráž, strážnik
 * Slovene: stražar, straža
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:, ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: guwardiya,
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:
 * Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎙𐎗
 * Ukrainian: охоро́нець, захисни́к,, , охорони́тель
 * Urdu: مُحافِظ
 * Vietnamese:

 * Dutch: pareerstang
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Parierstange
 * Italian:, , , paramano
 * Polish:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: проте́ктор
 * Danish:, afskærmning
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Latin: integumentum
 * Maori: pare
 * Norman: garde
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: tapador, ,

 * Bulgarian:, гард
 * Catalan: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Maori: kaiārai
 * Romanian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: захисни́к

 * Georgian:
 * Italian:

Verb

 * 1)  To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend.
 * 2)  To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.
 * 3)  To watch by way of caution or defense; to be cautious; to be in a state or position of defense or safety.
 * 4)  To protect the edge of, especially with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
 * 5)  To fasten by binding; to gird.
 * 1)  To watch by way of caution or defense; to be cautious; to be in a state or position of defense or safety.
 * 2)  To protect the edge of, especially with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
 * 3)  To fasten by binding; to gird.
 * 1)  To fasten by binding; to gird.
 * 1)  To fasten by binding; to gird.

Translations

 * Arabic: حَرَسَ
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: һаҡлау
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: střežit
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Emilian: guèrdia
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Ancient: φυλάττω
 * Haitian Creole: gade
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Latgalian: sorguot
 * Latin:, , custodio, tutor, tueor
 * Latvian: sargāt
 * Manchu: ᡴᠠᡵᠮᠠᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ
 * Norwegian: bevokte
 * Old English: weardian
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:, , ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Slovak: strážiť, chrániť
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: guwardiyahan
 * Tocharian B: pāsk-
 * Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎙𐎗
 * Ukrainian:, охороня́ти
 * Yiddish: היטן

 * Bashkir: һаҡлау
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:, piantonare
 * Latin: custodio
 * Maori: tautiaki, tiaki, rauhī
 * Oromo: eeguu
 * Quechua: waqaychay
 * Sanskrit:
 * Slovak: strážiť
 * Tamil:
 * Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎙𐎗

 * Bulgarian: предпазвам се
 * Finnish:, olla varuillaan
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: fare attenzione
 * Slovak: chrániť sa
 * Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎙𐎗

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:

Etymology
.

title: guard


text:
fender

Noun

 * 1)  panel of a car which encloses the wheel area, especially the front wheels.
 * 2)  a shield, usually of plastic or metal, on a bicycle that protects the rider from mud or water
 * 3)  any shaped cushion-like object normally made from polymers, rubber or wood that is placed along the sides of a boat to prevent damage when moored alongside another vessel or jetty, or when using a lock, etc. Modern variations are cylindrical although older wooden version and rubbing strips can still be found; old tyres are used as a cheap substitute
 * 4) a low metal framework in front of a fireplace, intended to catch hot coals, soot, and ash
 * 5) * 1907,, The Longest Journey, Part I, I [Uniform ed., p. 12]:
 * "en"
 * 1) a low metal framework in front of a fireplace, intended to catch hot coals, soot, and ash
 * 2) * 1907,, The Longest Journey, Part I, I [Uniform ed., p. 12]:
 * "en"

- Now and then he would make a motion with his feet as if he were running quickly backward upstairs, and would tread on the edge of the fender, so that the fire-irons went flying and the buttered-bun dishes crashed against each other in the hearth.

Translations

 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: biwos, bikʼai
 * Arabic: مِصَدّ
 * Armenian:
 * Basque: lohi-babes
 * Bulgarian: калник
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: forskærm (front panel), bagskærm (back panel)
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: cliathán
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 흙받기
 * Malay:
 * Maori: pare
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бла̏тобра̄н
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: cái chắn bùn
 * Welsh: gard olwyn

 * Bulgarian: калник
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Maori: pareparu
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бла̏тобра̄н
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: cái chắn bùn

 * Bulgarian: кранец
 * Danish: fender
 * Dutch:, stootwil,
 * Finnish: ; fendari
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian: parabordo
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: fender
 * Nynorsk: fender
 * Ottoman Turkish: یاصدق
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fendro
 * Finnish: kipinäsuoja
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: brasskydd, eldskärm

Verb

 * 1)  To use fenders to protect the side of a boat

Verb

 * 1) to split; to shatter
 * 2) to open up
 * 3) to chill; to send a chill down someone's spine
 * 1) to chill; to send a chill down someone's spine

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to split, cleave, rip
 * 2) to crack
 * 3) to separate
 * 4) to break through
 * 1) to separate
 * 2) to break through

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to split, cleave, rip
 * 2) to crack
 * 3) to separate

Noun

 * 1) forester

title: fender


text:
Talk:saloon

Please tell me that there is a typo in the plural. Polyglot 14:26, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Far as I can tell, it is, and should be saloons. —Muke Tever 16:41, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Ortonmc fixed it Polyglot 20:46, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:saloon


text:
dreadnought

Etymology 1
Named after HMS Dreadnought, the first battleship finished of this type, itself named for Etymology 2.

Noun

 * 1)  A battleship, especially of the World War I era, in which most of the firepower is concentrated in large guns that are of the same caliber.
 * 2)  Any type of warship heavier in armour or armament than a typical battleship.
 * 3)  One that is the largest or the most powerful of its kind.
 * 4)  A type of acoustic guitar with a very large body and a waist that is less pronounced than on other guitar shapes, producing a deep, bold sound.
 * 5) A garment made of thick woollen cloth that can defend against storm and cold.
 * 6) The cloth itself; fearnaught.
 * 1)  A type of acoustic guitar with a very large body and a waist that is less pronounced than on other guitar shapes, producing a deep, bold sound.
 * 2) A garment made of thick woollen cloth that can defend against storm and cold.
 * 3) The cloth itself; fearnaught.
 * 1) The cloth itself; fearnaught.

Translations

 * Arabic: دريدنوت
 * Belarusian: дрэдно́ўт
 * Bulgarian: дредноут
 * Catalan:, dreadnought
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: დრედნოუტი, ჯავშნოსანი გემი
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: ドレッドノート, 弩級戦艦
 * Korean: 드레드노트
 * Lithuanian: drednoutas
 * Persian: دریدنوت
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Thai: เดรดนอต
 * Turkish:

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) One that fears nothing.
 * 2) Something that assures against fear.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  (battleship in which most of the firepower is concentrated in large guns that are of the same caliber)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (battleship in which most of the firepower is concentrated in large guns that are of the same caliber)

title: dreadnought


text:
Talk:bedastofeds

I don't know enough about Volapük to know whether -astofed appears as a freestanding word, so I didn't link it; though it does seem to appear in compounds (spelled either as -astofed or -astofäd). Maybe someone with better resources than I could look up this word. [Neither variant seems to appear in wiktionary already.]  —Muke Tever 16:36, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:bedastofeds


text:
Talk:third-world

This is the adjective. The noun is not hyphenated.

title: Talk:third-world


text:
third-world

Alternative forms

 * Third-World

Adjective

 * 1) Of or from the Third World.

Translations

 * French:
 * Galician: terceiromundista
 * Georgian: მესამე სამყაროს
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: tercermundista

title: third-world


text:
sheet

Etymology
From ; partly from ; partly from ; and ; all from, , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A thin bed cloth used as a covering for a mattress or as a layer over the sleeper.
 * 2) A piece of paper, usually rectangular, that has been prepared for writing, artwork, drafting, wrapping, manufacture of packaging (boxes, envelopes, etc.), and for other uses. The word does not include scraps and irregular small pieces destined to be recycled, used for stuffing or cushioning or paper mache, etc. In modern books, each sheet of paper is typically folded in half, to produce two leaves and four pages. In the absence of folding, "leaf" and "sheet" are equivalent.
 * 3) A flat metal pan, often without raised edge, used for baking.
 * 4) A thin, flat layer of solid material.
 * 5) A broad, flat expanse of a material on a surface.
 * 6)  A line (rope) used to adjust the trim of a sail.
 * 7)  A sail.
 * 8)  The area of ice on which the game of curling is played.
 * 9)  A layer of veneer.
 * 10)  Precipitation of such quantity and force as to resemble a thin, virtually solid wall.
 * 11)  An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.
 * 12)  The space in the forward or after part of a boat where there are no rowers.
 * 13)  A distinct level or stage within a game.
 * 14) * 1983, "Program Printout: Gecko" (in Sinclair User, issue 21, page 95)
 * The gecko moves from left to right and you must catch him when he calls. On the second sheet you must stand under the Gecko in the tree and jump, and on the third sheet you must catch the Gecko's friend.
 * 1)  Shit
 * 1)  A line (rope) used to adjust the trim of a sail.
 * 2)  A sail.
 * 3)  The area of ice on which the game of curling is played.
 * 4)  A layer of veneer.
 * 5)  Precipitation of such quantity and force as to resemble a thin, virtually solid wall.
 * 6)  An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.
 * 7)  The space in the forward or after part of a boat where there are no rowers.
 * 8)  A distinct level or stage within a game.
 * 9) * 1983, "Program Printout: Gecko" (in Sinclair User, issue 21, page 95)
 * The gecko moves from left to right and you must catch him when he calls. On the second sheet you must stand under the Gecko in the tree and jump, and on the third sheet you must catch the Gecko's friend.
 * 1)  Shit
 * 1) * 1983, "Program Printout: Gecko" (in Sinclair User, issue 21, page 95)
 * The gecko moves from left to right and you must catch him when he calls. On the second sheet you must stand under the Gecko in the tree and jump, and on the third sheet you must catch the Gecko's friend.
 * 1)  Shit
 * 1)  Shit
 * 1)  Shit

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: وَرَقَة,
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: acoalã, frãndzã
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: ліст, а́ркуш
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: ark,
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ფურცელი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ingrian: lehti
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: парақ, ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz:, ,
 * Lao: ຜືນ, ປັນນະ
 * Latin:, scida
 * Latvian: ,
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish: Blat
 * Macedonian: лист
 * Maori:
 * Mazanderani: ولگ
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk:, blad
 * Ottoman Turkish: كاغد
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:, (papieru)
 * Portuguese:
 * Romagnol: fój
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: duilleag
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ли̑ст
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tajik: варақа
 * Tarifit: afar
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen:, ýaprak
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Uyghur: ۋاراق
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: fojo, fogio
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: בויגן, בלאַט

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian: teglia da forno
 * Persian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: фо́лио
 * Czech:, ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἔλασμα
 * Ingrian: lehti
 * Irish:
 * Italian: foglio ; (of metal also) lamiera, (of ice, stone, marble) lastra
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: шкот
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: skøde
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ŝkoto
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew:, מֵיתַר קֶֶרֶן
 * Italian:
 * Maori:
 * Norman: êcoute
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: laskuta

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Maori: hēra,, kōmaru, rāwhara
 * Persian:
 * Russian:

 * Finnish:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian: фурни́р
 * Finnish:

 * Czech: provazy deště
 * Finnish: sadeseinämä

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: laavakerros

Verb

 * 1)  To cover or wrap with cloth, or paper, or other similar material.
 * 2)  To form into sheets.
 * 3)  Of rain, or other precipitation, to pour heavily.
 * 4)  To trim a sail using a sheet.
 * 1)  Of rain, or other precipitation, to pour heavily.
 * 2)  To trim a sail using a sheet.
 * 1)  To trim a sail using a sheet.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: pokrýt, potáhnout
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:

 * Czech:
 * Finnish: sataa kaatamalla

 * Finnish: jalustaa,
 * Swedish:

title: sheet


text:
logician

Etymology
From, , from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A person who studies or teaches logic.

Derived terms

 * pseudo-logician

Translations

 * Arabic: مَنْطِقِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 論理學者,
 * Czech: logik
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: loogik
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: Logiker, Logikerin
 * Greek:
 * Japanese: 論理学者
 * Korean: 논리 학자(論理學者)
 * Macedonian: логичар, логичарка
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: logiker
 * Nynorsk: logikar
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Slovak: logik, logička
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:

Etymology
..

title: logician


text:
First World

Proper noun

 * 1)  Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).
 * 2)  Wealthy, developed nations, contrasted with the Third World.

Usage notes
The entire concept of ranking countries in this way is deprecated except in its historical senses; see Third World § Usage notes.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 第一世界
 * Danish: første verden, vesten
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ensimmäinen maailma
 * French:
 * Georgian: პირველი სამყარო
 * German: Erste Welt
 * Polish: Pierwszy Świat
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: пе́рвый мир
 * Spanish: primer mundo
 * Swedish:, , , västländerna
 * Thai: โลกที่หนึ่ง
 * Vietnamese: Thế giới thứ nhất

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 第一世界
 * Danish: iland
 * Finnish: ensimmäinen maailma
 * French:
 * Georgian: პირველი სამყარო
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: primer mundo
 * Swedish: första världen
 * Vietnamese: Thế giới thứ nhất

title: First World


text:
Second World

Proper noun

 * 1) Those countries aligned with the East during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the West (First World).

Translations

 * Georgian: მეორე სამყარო
 * German: Zweite Welt
 * Polish: Drugi Świat
 * Romanian: lumea a doua
 * Spanish: segundo mundo
 * Swedish:, östländerna, socialistländerna
 * Thai: โลกที่สอง

title: Second World


text:
bead

Etymology
From, also “a bead for counting prayers” in , from , , , from , , , from ,.

Cognate with 🇨🇬 and, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Prayer, later especially with a rosary.
 * 2) Each in a string of small balls making up the rosary or paternoster.
 * 3) A small, round object.
 * 4) A small, round object with a hole to allow it to be threaded on a cord or wire, particularly for decorative purposes.
 * 5) Various small, round solid objects.
 * 6) A small drop of water or other liquid.
 * 7) A bubble, in spirits.
 * 8) A small, round ball at the end of a barrel of a gun used for aiming.
 * 9)  Knowledge sufficient to direct one's activities to a purpose.
 * 10) A ridge, band, or molding.
 * 11) A rigid edge of a tire that mounts it on a wheel; tire bead.
 * 12)  A narrow molding with semicircular section.
 * 13)  A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe.
 * 1)  Knowledge sufficient to direct one's activities to a purpose.
 * 2) A ridge, band, or molding.
 * 3) A rigid edge of a tire that mounts it on a wheel; tire bead.
 * 4)  A narrow molding with semicircular section.
 * 5)  A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe.
 * 1)  A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe.
 * 1)  A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: muncuq
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chickasaw: oksop
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Gujarati: મણકો
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 비즈
 * Kumyk: инжи, минчакъ
 * Kyrgyz: мончок
 * Macedonian: монисто
 * Middle English: bede
 * Occitan: grun
 * Ottoman Turkish: بونجق
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Krall
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovene:
 * Southern Altai: јинји, мончок
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: tasbihi
 * Tarifit: tadmant
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: chuỗi hạt,
 * Welsh: glain, pader

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chickasaw: oksop
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Chiricahua: yoo
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, conta
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: મણકો
 * Hungarian:, , , , , klikker
 * Italian:, perlina
 * Japanese:, 南京玉
 * Korean: 구슬
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: مووروو
 * Lipan: yoo
 * Malay:
 * Maori: pirepire
 * Middle English: bede
 * Navajo: yoo’
 * Ottoman Turkish: بونجق, مهره
 * Persian:, بلژی
 * Plains Apache: zhoo
 * Plautdietsch: Krall
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: korálka, perlička
 * Slovene: koralda,
 * Southern Altai: мончок
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: нами́стина
 * Uyghur: مونچاق
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: glain
 * Western Apache: yoo, yoo’

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: mónóg, boilgeog
 * Italian:, gocciolina
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: kropaj, kvapôčka
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Walloon:

 * Hungarian: ,
 * Slovak: muška

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:

Verb

 * 1)  To form into a bead.
 * The raindrops beaded on the car's waxed finish.
 * 1)  To apply beads to.
 * She spent the morning beading the gown.
 * 1)  To form into a bead.
 * He beaded some solder for the ends of the wire.
 * 1)  To cause beads to form on (something).

Verb

 * 1)  to hand in
 * 2)  to give (medicine to someone)
 * 3)  to submit, to present (a request)
 * 4)  to file (a petition)
 * 1)  to file (a petition)

title: bead


text:
best

Etymology 1
From, , from , , from.

Adjective

 * 1) Most; largest.
 * 2) Most superior; most favorable.
 * 1) Most; largest.
 * 2) Most superior; most favorable.
 * 1) Most; largest.
 * 2) Most superior; most favorable.
 * 1) Most; largest.
 * 2) Most superior; most favorable.
 * 1) Most superior; most favorable.

Usage notes

 * The comparative and superlative  derived from the positive  are nonstandard.  In informal (often jocular) contexts, best may be inflected further and given the comparative bester and the superlative bestest; these forms are also nonstandard.

Translations

 * Arabic: أَفْضَل
 * Czech:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: best
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latin:
 * Malay:
 * Maori: pai rawa atu
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Samoan: sili
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Tamil: சிறந்த, மிகச்சிறந்த
 * Thai: ดีที่สุด
 * Ukrainian: найкращий, найлі́пший

Adverb

 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.
 * 1) To the most advantage; with the most success, cause, profit, benefit, or propriety.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: am besten
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 最もうまく
 * Korean: 가장 잘
 * Latin:
 * Portuguese:
 * Sardinian: méglius
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pinakamahusay, pinakamagaling

Noun

 * 1)  The supreme effort one can make, or has made.
 * 2)  One's best behavior.
 * 3)  The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.
 * 1)  One's best behavior.
 * 2)  The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.
 * 1)  The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.
 * 1)  The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.

Translations

 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: minden tőle telhetőt megtesz, kitesz magáért
 * Irish: dícheall
 * Japanese:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Norwegian:
 * Russian: всё возмо́жное,
 * Slovak: vrchol, maximum
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: en iyisi

 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, , , ,
 * Friulian: miôr
 * Galician: elite
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish: en iyisi

Verb

 * 1)  To surpass in skill or achievement.
 * 2)  To beat in a contest.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: вземам връх над
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , , , , , ,
 * German:, , , überlegen sein
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Maori: tārū
 * Norwegian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: poraziť
 * Spanish:, , , , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

Etymology 2
Shortening of had best

Verb

 * 1)  Had best.

Usage notes

 * Although it is sometimes considered an adverb, best is virtually synonymous with should in We best be going. and ought to We best go.. Should and ought are auxiliary verbs.

Etymology 1
From, from , from , superlative of. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) fine, okay
 * 2) dear, venerable (in a polite address)
 * 1) dear, venerable (in a polite address)
 * 1) dear, venerable (in a polite address)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) elder
 * 2) lilac

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology 1
From,.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  bestie

Noun

 * 1) groomsman

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) beast

title: best


text:
Talk:planet

Turkish gezegen

IAU definition
Could anyone provide an url where IAU confirms such definition is used? Drini 22:19, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The proposed definition by the IAU to be decided on 24th August 2006 is an object at least 800km in diameter, orbits the sun and has a mass of at least one 12000th that of Earth. Andrew massyn 20:25, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Proto-Indo-European *pel-
the article says that planet would be derived from PIE: *pel-: "Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *pel-" and it says that PIE: *pel- means “to wander, roam”, which is false as per wiktionary's own entry, that states the meaning of the term as " 1. to cover, to wrap 2. skin, hide, cloth"

Therefore there is no connection to that PIE root. 181.51.32.187 20:52, 28 May 2020 (UTC)

Min Nan 惑星
. Hi. Is the Min Nan form valid? @Kwamikagami, I can see you also edited the relevant Wikipedia article. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 03:11, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Taiwanese Wiktionary has 惑星 he̍k-chheⁿ in its entry for Jupiter and Mars, as does Taiwanese Wikipedia. The last has been at that title since 2005. There appears to be some discussion on the talk page from 2005 to 2006, but I can't read it. kwami (talk) 04:29, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The talk page is exactly questioning the existence of this word in Taiwanese. The user Kiatgak claims that "Chū-chá ang-á-chheh kap bàng-kah chha-put-to lóng sī án-ne siá (ēng hàn-jī)" [Since early on, comic books and mangas mostly wrote it as such (in 漢字)]. I'm not sure if we can find evidence from these "ang-á-chheh" or "bàng-kah" that Kiatgak mentions (and I'm not entirely sure if these works were indeed in Min Nan). I'm not very confident in taking words from Min Nan Wikipedia because there is often attempts of translating from scratch. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:20, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * But hêng-seng is confirmed? Let me know what you discover, as I may need to change some of my edits to wikt-nan. kwami (talk) 08:32, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * This video (at around 15:45) talks about hêng-chheⁿ/hêng-chhiⁿ/hêng-seng. The Embree Taiwanese-English Dictionary and the MoE Taiwanese Dictionary both have hêng-chheⁿ/hêng-chhiⁿ only. Maryknoll has hêng-seng only (alongside chheⁿ, which seems to be a general term for most celestial objects). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 15:03, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * 闽南方言大词典 has both hêng-seng and hêng-chhiⁿ (Xiamen, Quanzhou) / hêng-chheⁿ (Zhangzhou). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 15:05, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:planet


text:
pyrotechnic

Etymology
From, from +. Analyzable as.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to fireworks.
 * 2) Of or relating to the use of fire in chemistry or metallurgy.
 * 3) Resembling fireworks.
 * 4) Of or relating to pyrotechny.
 * 1) Of or relating to pyrotechny.
 * 1) Of or relating to pyrotechny.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: пиротехнически
 * Catalan: pirotècnic
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 煙火的
 * Finnish: pyrotekninen
 * French:
 * Latin: pyrotechnicus
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: pirotécnico

 * Finnish: pyrotekninen
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * Finnish: ilotulitusmainen
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * Catalan: pirotècnic
 * Finnish: pyrotekninen, räjähdystekninen
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * French: (1)
 * Italian: (1)
 * Latin: (1)

title: pyrotechnic


text:
pyrophobia

Noun

 * 1) An fear or hatred of fire or flames.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: Pyrophobie
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: eldfælni
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 炎恐怖症
 * Latin: pyrophobia
 * Romanian:
 * Sanskrit: अग्निभीति

title: pyrophobia


text:
pyro-

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1) fire, heat.
 * 2) fever.
 * 3)  orthoacid.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Latin:

Etymology
From, from.

title: pyro-


text:
pyro

Etymology
Shortening of a word starting with, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  A pyromaniac.
 * 2)  Pyrocellulose.
 * 3)  A pyrotechnician.
 * 4)  Pyrotechnics.
 * 5)  Pyrogallol, pyrogallic acid.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Spanish:, piromaníaco

Adjective

 * 1)  Pyromaniac, pyromaniacal.
 * 2) Pyrotechnic.

title: pyro


text:
él

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) he

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) he, it (third-person singular masculine pronoun)

Etymology 1
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)   to live to remain alive, be alive, reside at
 * 2)  to live
 * 3)  to live in a particular state
 * 4)  to use something habitually or regularly (+ ), especially when that something is considered unethical or immoral
 * 5)  to consume something (+ ) as a main part of one's diet
 * 6)  to use something (+ ) to one's advantage, to make proper use of
 * 7)  to spend most of one's time benefiting something or someone (usually + )
 * 8)  to make a living, to depend on something (+ ) as a source of income
 * 9)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )
 * 1)  to use something (+ ) to one's advantage, to make proper use of
 * 2)  to spend most of one's time benefiting something or someone (usually + )
 * 3)  to make a living, to depend on something (+ ) as a source of income
 * 4)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )
 * 1)  to spend most of one's time benefiting something or someone (usually + )
 * 2)  to make a living, to depend on something (+ ) as a source of income
 * 3)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )
 * 1)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )
 * 1)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )
 * 1)  to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ )

Etymology 2
Probably from. Compare with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  edge
 * 2)  crease of pants/trousers
 * 3)  fore, front, forefront, head see,
 * 4)  side a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape
 * 1)  fore, front, forefront, head see,
 * 2)  side a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape
 * 1)  side a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hailstorm, hail shower

Etymology
.

Pronoun

 * 1) he, him, masculine personal third person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions)
 * 2) it, masculine non-personal third-person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions to refer to masculine nouns)
 * 1) it, masculine non-personal third-person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions to refer to masculine nouns)
 * 1) it, masculine non-personal third-person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions to refer to masculine nouns)

title: él


text:
Latin America

Etymology
From. Thought to be coined by French Emperor Napoleon III.

Proper noun

 * 1) Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.

Usage notes
This term sometimes includes the French and French Creole areas in the Caribbean and South America, but does not include French-speaking North America. When used loosely, it includes all of Central America, South America and Caribbean (loose definition of Caribbean, except the Florida Keys), and Mexico.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Latyns-Amerika
 * Albanian: Amerika Latine
 * Amharic: ላቲን አሜሪካ
 * Arabic: أَمْرِيكَا اَللَّاتِينِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: Latın Amerikası
 * Belarusian: Лаці́нская Аме́рыка
 * Bengali: লাতিন আমেরিকা
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: Лати́нска Аме́рика
 * Burmese: လက်တင်အမေရိက
 * Catalan:, Llatinoamèrica
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Latinamerika
 * Dutch: Latijns-Amerika
 * Esperanto: Latinameriko
 * Estonian: Ladina-Ameerika
 * Faroese: Latínamerika
 * Finnish:, Lattarit
 * French:
 * Galician: Latinoamérica, América Latina
 * Georgian: ლათინური ამერიკა
 * German:
 * Greek: Λατινική Αμερική
 * Hebrew: אמריקה הלטינית
 * Hindi: लैटिन अमेरिका
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: Meiriceá Laidineach
 * Italian: America latina
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: Латын Америкасы
 * Khmer: អាមេរិកឡាទីន
 * Korean: ^라틴 ^아메리카
 * Kyrgyz: Латын Америкасы
 * Lao: ອາເມລິກາລາແຕັງ
 * Latvian: Latīņamerika
 * Lithuanian: Lotynų Amerika
 * Macedonian: Лати́нска Аме́рика
 * Malay: Amerika Latin
 * Mongolian: Латин Америк
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Latin-Amerika
 * Nynorsk: Latin-Amerika
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: America Latină
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Латинска Америка
 * Roman: Latinska Amerika
 * Sinhalese: ලතින් ඇමරිකාව
 * Slovak: Latinská Amerika
 * Slovene: Latinska Amerika
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: Amerika ya Kilatini
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Amerikang Latino
 * Tajik:
 * Tatar: Латин Америкасы
 * Telugu: లాటిన్ అమెరికా
 * Thai: ละตินอเมริกา
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Latin Amerikasy
 * Ukrainian: Лати́нська Аме́рика
 * Urdu: لاطینی امریکہ
 * Uyghur: لاتىن ئامېرىكا
 * Uzbek: Lotin Amerikasi
 * Vietnamese: Mỹ Latinh
 * Welsh: America Ladin
 * Yoruba: Amẹ́ríkà Látìnì

title: Latin America


text:
Latinoamérica

Proper noun

 * 1) Latin America

title: Latinoamérica


text: Tel Aviv-Jaffa

title: Tel Aviv-Jaffa


text:
Talk:boot

I really dislike the "Etymology 1,2,..." headings I've seen in a few articles. Especially when there are headings with no etymology! Real dictionaries don't number them. They just put the entries one after the other with unnumbered etymologies for each. Why can't we do it that way? I don't mind if a writer is pretty sure that different meanings have different etymologies but doesn't actually know them. How about putting an unnumbered Etymology heading with say (etymology needed) below in such rare cases? Hippietrail 02:08, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Erm, I've seen real dictionaries (I forget whether Webster's, OED or both) add super or subscripts to the headwords, each comprising a set of senses from the same etymology. E.g., lie1 as in lie down, lie2 as in tell a lie.  In fact, you can see this one on dictionary.com.

 * This kind of numbering is better than "Etymology 1". The reason it suits print dictionaries better than Wiktionary is because real dictionaries are made by proffessional lexicographers and editors who seldom make mistakes. We have a lot more naive contributors and senses already become out of synch with sense numbers. Adding etymology numbers doesn't sound like a step forward.

 * I agree. I would recommend lumping together everything but "car trunk", with a note that the computing senses are derived from bootstrap (which see).  I wouldn't go so far as to treat boot like stamp for postage stamp as the usage has diverged.

 * I agree, however, that it's annoying to have three supposed etymologies with no actual etymologies. My experience is that most apparent homonyms actually share the same etymology, though it might take a bit of doing to explain.  For example, it looks to me like bank (money) and bank (river) are ultimately cognate.  In this case, though, I'm curious to know how boot meaning "trunk of car" originated at all. -dmh 04:17, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes this is the worse part and I agree about the shared etymolgies. They should be devided by their senses, not by some assumed-to-be-different etymology. I have no idea about the origin of the "trunk" sense either but it should be in the OED and the Macquarie. — Hippietrail 05:40, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I've certainly heard it both from an Aussie (I think in the same car trip where I couldn't figure out what "Indicate!!" meant, but I knew on my own I needed to signal :-). And of course I've heard it in London.  It's surprising how much car terminology differs: boot/trunk, bonnet/hood, tyre/tire, and I forget what else.  Isn't there a different word for fender? -dmh 14:42, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Computing
Is “to forcibly remove (from a chatroom)” really a different use of the word than “to forcibly remove (in general)”? Billnyethefrenchfry (talk) 22:21, 7 January 2024 (UTC) The use of the word "boot" in computing is something totally different than what is described on the page, which is simply wrong. I have been on IRC for over ten years and I have never heard anyone say ONCE that he was "booted" from a channel. The only verb used is to kick. Maybe that expression is used by very small communities, but it has definitely not wide-spread use. The correct use means starting a system. --194.251.240.117 09:57, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It was defined as a colloquiall word, so I will let it be there, though. I will add the actual meaning of the word. Feel free to supplement. --194.251.240.117 10:01, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I have requested verification for this sense Requests_for_verification. Since it's uncommon and "kick" is the standard expression, I think any usage in this sense can be covered by the more general "forcibly eject" sense. Kappa 10:25, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I just went around IRC asking if people had heard the phrase "I was booted from the channel" used, and one person said that he had sometime heard it (outside of IRC), which suggests that it is used but not much (maybe at specific chatrooms where it has gotten a status of a popular saying). 194.251.240.117 10:28, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

I agree with the person on the talk page that "kicked" is the only common expression for ejecting someone from a chatroom. Kappa 10:22, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I also agree. However, it is very clear that the problem would exist if the article hadn't been split up by User:Ncik against consensus, with absolutely no discussion on the talk page (where the topic is discussed at length.)  The result to the bogus etymology splits and recominations is that strange things (like this) that would have otherwise been caught easily are now made hard to refute.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 07:19, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree. I've heard "booted" since at least 1998 -- search Google for "IRC Booted" (no quotes) and you'll get almost 300K hits. kurl 02:26, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I also found at least four Google Books references, again searching for IRC booted kurl 02:33, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw The Hacker Diaries and Online. Where are the other two?  Do you need help formatting these citations?

 * I would, yeah, I'm new here. I actually only found 3 -- apologies. kurl 00:41, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Cites added. --Connel MacKenzie T C 07:33, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I maintain that the anti-consensus etymology split is still problematic for this entry in many ways. --Connel MacKenzie T C 18:04, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * In my personal experiences, as well as in a quick google, it appears that "to boot" is commonly applied to chat rooms. –Gunslinger47 05:44, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 08:31, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

A missing meaning
I don't have time to write this up formally, so forgive the informality. But it seems to me that a meaning of major import is missing, namely the verb "to start up a computer operating system" (well, something like that). We're all taught that this derives from "pulling itself up by its bootstraps". Anyway, "to boot" and (if you are unfortunate) "to do a boot" or "reboot" are very common. Surely they should be added??? 217.34.55.151 20:11, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

 * They're in the entry already. Scroll down. They're under a separate etymology. Equinox ◑ 20:13, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Oh yes, sorry for the distraction. I thought it was a strange omission. 217.34.55.151 17:59, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Confused etymologies?
At present, the sense of "to bootstrap" is mentioned both under etymology header 1 and under number 2. ... \Mike 11:15, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

Compartment in a car.
By extension, can it be used for the luggage compartment in a coach, or the storage area in the front of a Beetle? - Paul W

 * Thanks for asking. That would be consistent with its older usage. I have added 2 older senses that were in Websters 1913 that give historical uses. DCDuring TALK 15:21, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Etymology
In the sense of the noun meaning plunder, this seems to actually come from the same as booty, and not the same as the German Buße. I'm pretty sure this meaning should be under another etymology, since the meaning of plunder does not seem to correspond at all to the meaning of the word it is currently listed under, but it fits perfectly as a synonym of booty. 72.160.200.85 11:02, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:boot


text:
Petrograd

Etymology
From. The portion, from and , from , from , from  and , Tsar of Russia and then Emperor. The portion, from , from. from, from , the Russian city was named in Dutch instead of Russian by Peter the Great.

Translations

 * Albanian: Petrograd
 * Arabic: بِيتْرُوغْرَاد
 * Armenian: Պետրոգրադ
 * Azerbaijani: Petroqrad
 * Basque: Petrograd
 * Belarusian: Петрагра́д
 * Bengali: পেত্রোগ্রাদ
 * Bulgarian: Петрогра́д
 * Catalan: Petrograd
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 彼得格勒
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Petrograd
 * Dutch: Petrograd
 * Esperanto: Petrogrado
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: პეტროგრადი
 * German:
 * Greek: Πετρογκράντ
 * Gujarati: પેટ્રોગ્રાડ
 * Hindi: पेत्रोग्राद
 * Hungarian: Petrográd
 * Icelandic: Petrógrad
 * Ido: Petrograd
 * Italian: Pietrogrado
 * Japanese: ペトログラード
 * Kannada: ಪೆಟ್ರೊಗ್ರಾಡ್
 * Kazakh: Петроград
 * Korean: 페트로그라드
 * Latvian: Petrograda
 * Lithuanian: Petrogradas
 * Macedonian: Петроград
 * Malayalam: പെട്രോഗാർഡ്
 * Marathi: पेट्रोग्राड
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Petrograd
 * Nynorsk: Petrograd
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Petrogrado
 * Punjabi: ਪੇਤਰੋਗ੍ਰਾਦ
 * Romanian: Petrograd
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Пѐтрогра̄д
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Petrohrad
 * Slovene: Petrograd
 * Spanish: Petrogrado
 * Swedish: Petrograd
 * Tamil: பெத்ரோகிராது
 * Turkish: Petrograd
 * Ukrainian: Петрогра́д
 * Yiddish: פּעטראָגראַד

title: Petrograd


text:
Leningrad

Etymology
Borrowed from, from +. Named in honour of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Saint Petersburg,, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.
 * , which surrounds, but no longer contains, Saint Petersburg, its former administrative centre.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Leningrad
 * Albanian: Leningrad
 * Amharic: ሌኒንግራድ
 * Arabic: لِينِينْغْرَاد
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: Leninqrad
 * Basque: Leningrad
 * Belarusian: Ленінгра́д
 * Bengali: লেনিনগ্রাদ
 * Breton: Leningrad
 * Bulgarian: Ленингра́д
 * Catalan: Leningrad
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Leningrad
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Leningrado
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: Leningrad
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: Leningrado
 * Georgian: ლენინგრადი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: לנינגרד
 * Hindi: लेनिनग्राद
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: Leníngrað, Leníngrad
 * Ido: Leningrad
 * Indonesian: Leningrad
 * Ingrian: Leningrad
 * Irish: Leningrad
 * Italian: Leningrado
 * Japanese: レニングラード
 * Kannada: ಲೆನಿನ್‌ಗ್ರಾಡ್
 * Kazakh: Ленинград
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: Ленинград
 * Latvian: Ļeņingrada
 * Lithuanian: Leningradas
 * Macedonian: Ленингра́д
 * Malay: Leningrad
 * Malayalam: ലെനിൻഗ്രാഡ്
 * Maltese: Leningrad
 * Marathi: लेनिनग्राड
 * Mongolian: Ленинград
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Leningrad
 * Nynorsk: Leningrad
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Leningrado
 * Punjabi: ਲੇਨਿਨਗ੍ਰਾਦ
 * Romanian: Leningrad
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Leningrad
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Лењинград
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Leningrad
 * Slovene: Leningrad
 * Somali: Leningrad
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: இலெனின்கிராது
 * Thai: เลนินกราด
 * Turkish: Leningrad
 * Ukrainian: Ленінгра́д
 * Vietnamese: Leningrad
 * Welsh: Leningrad
 * Yiddish: לענינגראַד

 * Belarusian: Ленінгра́дская во́бласць
 * Bulgarian: Ленингра́дска о́бласт
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 列寧格勒州
 * Czech: Leningradská oblast
 * Estonian: Leningradi oblast
 * Finnish: Leningradin alue
 * German: Oblast Leningrad
 * Ingrian: Leningradan oblasti
 * Macedonian: Ленингра́дска о́бласт
 * Polish: Obwód leningradzki
 * Portuguese: Leningrado
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: Лењинградска област, Lenjingradska oblast
 * Slovak: Leningradská oblasť
 * Slovene: Leningrajska oblast
 * Spanish: óblast de Leningrado
 * Ukrainian: Ленінгра́дська о́бласть

Proper noun

 * , now Saint Petersburg

Proper noun

 * , now Saint Petersburg

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , now Saint Petersburg

Proper noun

 * , now Saint Petersburg

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
, from +.

Proper noun

 * , now Saint Petersburg

title: Leningrad


text:
Ehebruch

Etymology
From late. Analysable as 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) adultery

Noun

 * 1) adultery

title: Ehebruch


text:
fealty

Etymology
From, , from , , from (“faithfulness”; “homage, fealty” in ), from ; the modern form (for expected  ) is due to learned influence. Equivalent to obsolete. .

Noun

 * 1) Fidelity to one's lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord.
 * 2) The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
 * 1) The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
 * 1) The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
 * 1) The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
 * 1) The oath by which this obligation was assumed.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: васална вярност
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: (panovníkovi)
 * Danish: troskab
 * Dutch:, vazallen eed
 * Finnish: vasallin uskollisuus
 * French: ,
 * German:, Lehnstreue
 * Hungarian:, hűbéresség
 * Norwegian: troskap
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: vazalska odanost, vazalska vjernost, vazalska vernost
 * Swedish:, , , länsplikt

 * Bulgarian: васална клетва
 * Danish: lensed
 * Dutch: eed van trouw
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: feudalna zakletva odanosti
 * Swedish:, tro och loven

 * French:
 * Norwegian: (2)

title: fealty


text:
schwa

Etymology 1
From, from , borrowed from , in Syriac a term for a sign consisting of two vertical dots used to separate parts of a sentence. .

Noun

 * 1)  An indeterminate central vowel sound as the "a" in "about", represented as /ə/ in IPA.
 * 2) The character ə.
 * 1) The character ə.
 * 1) The character ə.
 * 1) The character ə.
 * 1) The character ə.
 * 1) The character ə.

Verb

 * 1)  To be reduced to schwa.

Translations

 * Arabic: شْوَا
 * Bulgarian: шва
 * Catalan: vocal neutra, schwa
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 中央元音
 * Czech: šva
 * Dutch:, doffe e
 * Esperanto: ŝvao
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: schwa,
 * Japanese: シュワー
 * Korean: 슈와
 * Persian: واکهٔ بی‌رنگ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman :
 * Slovak: šva
 * Slovene: polglasnik
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: шва
 * Võro: svaa

Etymology
or, from.

Noun

 * 1)   mid-central vowel

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   mid-central vowel

title: schwa


text:
fuga

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  A fugue.

Etymology
From, probably a borrowing.

Noun

 * 1)  act of fleeing
 * 2)  fugue
 * 1)  fugue

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flight, escape
 * 2)  fugue
 * 1)  fugue

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fugue

Etymology
From or, both from.

Noun

 * 1) fugue

Etymology
From or, both from.

Noun

 * 1) fugue

Adjective

 * 1) fugal

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) joint the vertical and horizontal gap between elements in brick/stone walls
 * 2) grout, caulk, pointing filling material
 * 1) grout, caulk, pointing filling material

Etymology 1
Borrowed from. Compare the inherited doublet.

Noun

 * 1) flight, escape
 * 2) leak, leakage
 * 3)  fugue
 * 4)  breakaway, break

Etymology
From, from. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) flight, fleeing, escape
 * 2) avoidance
 * 3) exile
 * 1) exile

Descendants

 * Eastern Romance
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings
 * Borrowings

Verb

 * 1) to join bricks, stones or tiles

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) joint, interstice
 * 2) grout

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  fugue

Etymology 1
From, probably a borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) escape, flight act of fleeing
 * 2) leak
 * 3) evasion
 * 1) leak
 * 2) evasion
 * 1) evasion

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  fugue piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to banish, expel, drive away, chase off

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) flower

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  fugue
 * 2)  fugue state

Etymology 2
Borrowed from (same meaning), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.

Noun

 * 1)  the filling between bricks/tiles

Etymology 3
Variant of, from.

Noun

 * 1)  oriole

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) escape, flight
 * 2) leak
 * 1) leak

Verb

 * 1) to be annoyed, to be fed up

Adjective

 * 1) disgusting

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to keep (livestock)

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  fugue

title: fuga


text:
vallum

Etymology
From. comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.

Noun

 * 1)  A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.
 * 2)  The eyebrow.

Etymology
Probably from, from , itself perhaps from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wall, rampart, entrenchment

Usage notes

 * The nature of the root vowel (văllum or vāllum) is not properly known, though the West Germanic borrowing, with a short vowel, seems to indicate the former. Most dictionaries that specify vowel length in closed syllables, especially those published in the 21st century, do not mark it as long.

title: vallum


text:
wynn

Alternative forms

 * win
 * win

Etymology
From, , , , , from , from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A letter of the Old English alphabet, ƿ, borrowed from the futhark and used to represent the sound of w; replaced in Middle English times by the digraph uu, which later developed into the letter w.

Etymology
A metathesized borrowing from the gentilic plural, ultimately derived from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Greek person

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) joy, delight
 * 2) the runic character ᚹ
 * 3) the letter wynn: Ƿ, ƿ (/w/)

Usage notes
Mostly occurs in poetry. The normal prose words for "joy" were and.

title: wynn


text:
automobile

Etymology
From, from + , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A type of motor vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.

Usage notes

 * The word automobile usually implies a car with seating for perhaps up to four or five passengers.
 * A vehicle with more than six or seven seats is usually called a limousine, minivan, van, SUV, bus, etc.
 * A vehicle devoted mainly to cargo is usually called a lorry, truck, or van.

Synonyms

 * ,, motor,  motorcar
 * See also Thesaurus:automobile

Meronyms

 * See

Coordinate terms

 * ,, , , , , , , , , ; wagon, cart, trailer, tractor; airplane, boat, ship

Translations

 * Adyghe: машинэ
 * Afrikaans: automobiel
 * Albanian:, ,
 * Amharic: መኪና, አውቶሞቢል
 * Apache:
 * Jicarilla: bíił
 * Arabic:, أُوتُومُوبِيل ,
 * Egyptian Arabic: عَرَبِيَّة, أوتوموبيل
 * Gulf Arabic: سيارة
 * Hijazi Arabic: سَيَّارَة
 * Moroccan Arabic: طوموبيل
 * Armenian:, , , մաշնա,
 * Assamese: গাড়ী
 * Asturian: automóvil
 * Azerbaijani:, maşın
 * Bashkir: автомобиль
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian:, машы́на, аўтамашы́на, самахо́д, а́ўта
 * Bengali:, , স্বতশ্চলশকট্,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese: ,
 * Buryat: автомашина
 * Carpathian Rusyn: автомобі́л, авто
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: awto
 * Chechen: автомобиль, ворд, машен
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Dungan: машинэ, чичә
 * Hokkien:, ,
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Chukchi: ковԓёргоор
 * Chuvash: автомобиль
 * Cowlitz: məšín
 * Crimean Tatar: avtomobil
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: ,
 * Estonian:, automobiil, masin
 * Finnish:, ;
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:, , , , , , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: મોટરગાડી, કાર, ગાડી
 * Haitian Creole: otomobil
 * Hausa:
 * Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai: anbil
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: मोटरवाहन,, , , मोटर-गाड़ी, मोटरगाड़ी, , मोटरकार, ऑटोमोबाइल
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingush: автомобиль
 * Interlingua: automobile, auto
 * Irish:, carr, mótar
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Japanese:, , 四輪車,
 * Kannada: ,
 * Kashubian: aùto
 * Kazakh:, , автокөлік, автомашина
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ئوتوموبیل, ترومبێل,
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Kyrgyz:, ,
 * Lao: ລົດໃຫຍ່,, ໂອໂຕ
 * Latin: autocinetum, autocurrus, autovehiculum, autoraeda
 * Latvian: automobilis, automašīna, spēkrats
 * Lezgi: автомобиль
 * Lithuanian: ,
 * Macedonian: автомоби́л,
 * Malay: automobil,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese:, vettura
 * Maori:
 * Marathi: मोटार, मोटारवाहन
 * Mirandese: altemoble, carro
 * Mohawk: kà:sere
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:, автомобиль,
 * Nahuatl:, teposkalnejnenki
 * Navajo: chidí
 * Nepali: मोटरगाडी
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk:
 * Odia:
 * Ojibwe: odaabaan
 * Ossetian: хӕдтулгӕ
 * Pashto: تېزرفتار, ,
 * Persian:
 * Dari: موتَر, ,
 * Iranian Persian:, ,
 * Plautdietsch: Koa,
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Punjabi:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , ,  ,  ,
 * Scots: motorcaur
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: аутомо̀бӣл
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese: මෝටර් රථ
 * Slovak: automobil,
 * Slovene: automobil,
 * Somali:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: awto
 * Upper Sorbian:
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swahili: motakari bus, motokari bus, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: awtomobil, isugang batlag, batlag,, awto
 * Tajik: автомобил,, автомошин, худрав
 * Tamil: ,
 * Tatar: автомобиль,
 * Telugu:, ,
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ཆིས་ཁྲེའེ
 * Tigrinya: ኣውቶሞቢል, መኪና
 * Tonkawa: ˀa·cosa·nan
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: maşyn, ,
 * Tuvan: автомобиль
 * Ukrainian:, маши́на, ,
 * Unami: hatëmopil, amankshkinkw
 * Urdu: گاڑی, کار, آٹوموبِیل
 * Uyghur: ئاپتوموبىل, ماشىنا
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Volapük:, tood
 * Yakut: массыына
 * Yiddish: אויטאָמאָביל, אויטאָ, מאַשין
 * Zhuang: giceh

Verb

 * 1)  To travel by automobile.

Translations

 * Finnish:

Adjective

 * 1) Self-moving; self-propelled.

Translations

 * Finnish:

Etymology
From, as the vehicle is powered by an engine rather than pulled by horses.

Adjective

 * 1) automotive

Etymology
From.

title: automobile


text:
edh

Etymology
From, from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) goat kid (under a year old)

title: edh


text:
arme

Noun

 * 1) army

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) army

Etymology 2
See.

Etymology 3
See.

Etymology
, from, from , from , from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) a weapon, arms

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Noun

 * 1) blazon; coat of arms; crest

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) arm; weapon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  gun

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Verb

 * 1) Second person singular imperative form of *arman

title: arme


text:
Waffe

Etymology
From, from (compare 🇨🇬), from. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. of, which is borrowed from Low German.

Noun

 * 1) weapon, arm

title: Waffe


text:
arma

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology 1
, from, from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon, arm

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) weapon, arms
 * 2)  arm, force

Etymology 1
From, from the root. is an independent derivation from the same root, as if from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Semantic development was "that what is fitted together" → "tools" → "weapons". Also related to, ,.

Noun

 * 1) arms, weapons of war, weaponry
 * 2) defensive arms: armour, shields
 * 3) close-quarter weapons
 * 4)  missile weapons
 * 5)  military action, war
 * 6)  warfare, battle
 * 7)  troops, military forces, the army
 * 8) weapons as means of defence
 * 9)  tools, equipment
 * 1)  military action, war
 * 2)  warfare, battle
 * 3)  troops, military forces, the army
 * 4) weapons as means of defence
 * 5)  tools, equipment
 * 1) weapons as means of defence
 * 2)  tools, equipment

Etymology 2
Nominative plural → feminine singular transfer common during the period.

Noun

 * 1)  a piece of weaponry

Descendants

 * Eastern Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:
 * Rhaeto-Romance:

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) weapon instrument of attack or defense in combat
 * 2) weapon means of harming or exerting control
 * 3)  coat of arms

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon; arm

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pity

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) weapon

Noun

 * 1) basin, sink, bathtub
 * 2) the Big Dipper

Etymology 1
,, or.

Verb

 * 1) to prepare a weapon for firing
 * 2) to arm, equip
 * 3)  to strengthen by adding reinforcement (e.g. armor, a mineshaft, etc.)
 * 1)  to strengthen by adding reinforcement (e.g. armor, a mineshaft, etc.)

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1) to launch a ship in service with all necessary equipment

Etymology 1
, from, from , from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) weapon, arm

Etymology
From, , from.

Noun

 * 1) coat of arms

title: arma