text:
respubliko

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) republic

title: respubliko


text: respublikoj

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: respublikoj


text: respublikon

title: respublikon


text: respublikojn

title: respublikojn


text:
Korano

Etymology
From.

title: Korano


text: Koranoj

title: Koranoj


text: Koranon

title: Koranon


text: Koranojn

title: Koranojn


text:
packie

Noun

 * 1)  A package store, otherwise known as a liquor store.

title: packie


text: beautyful

title: beautyful


text: serboj

title: serboj


text: serbon

title: serbon


text: serbojn

title: serbojn


text:
だんせい

Noun

 * 1)  elasticity
 * 2)  a man, a male person
 * 3)  a male student
 * 4)  a male voice

title: だんせい


text:
serbiano

Noun

 * 1) Serbian

title: serbiano


text:
男の人

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) man, male adult person

Usage notes
Used in place of to avoid sounding too blunt.

title: 男の人


text: serbianoj

title: serbianoj


text: serbianon

title: serbianon


text: serbianojn

title: serbianojn


text: serbaj

title: serbaj


text:
serban

Noun

 * 1) turban

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) roof
 * 2) terrace
 * 1) terrace

title: serban


text: serbajn

title: serbajn


text:
男声

Noun

 * 1) male voice

title: 男声


text: serbiaj

title: serbiaj


text: serbiajn

title: serbiajn


text:
serblingva

Etymology
serb- + lingv- + -a

Adjective

 * 1) Serbian (of or pertaining to the Serbian language)

title: serblingva


text: serblingvaj

title: serblingvaj


text: serblingvan

title: serblingvan


text: serblingvajn

title: serblingvajn


text:
selflessly

Adverb

 * 1) In a selfless manner; done in a way that disregards concerns for the self and places other first.

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Italian: ,

title: selflessly


text:
Vikivortaro

Etymology
From 🇰🇲, a.

Proper noun

 * 1) Wiktionary

title: Vikivortaro


text: Vikivortaron

title: Vikivortaron


text:
shantytown

Noun

 * 1) An area containing a collection of shacks, shanties or makeshift dwellings.

Synonyms

 * Hooverville, slum

Translations

 * Catalan: barri de barraques
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: kvartalaĉo
 * Estonian: pilpaküla
 * Finnish:, hökkelikaupunki
 * French:
 * German: Informelle Siedlung, Marginalsiedlung, Barackenstadt, ,
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: kofaþorp
 * Italian:
 * Maori: kuha papa kāinga
 * Portuguese:,  ,
 * Spanish: villa miseria
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: kenar mahalle, gecekondu mahallesi, gecekondu bölgesi,

title: shantytown


text:
User talk:DBlomgren

CP
No idea. But I put it back, with the formatting corrected. Robert Ullmann 20:27, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:DBlomgren


text:
sheerness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The property of being sheer.
 * 2)  The result or product of being sheer.

title: sheerness


text:
shillelagh

Etymology
From, altered to match the name of the village of Shillelagh (from , because the forest near it provided wood from which such clubs could be made.

Noun

 * 1)  A wooden (traditionally blackthorn (sloe) wood) club ending with a large knob.
 * 2) Any cudgel, whether or not of Irish origin.
 * 1) Any cudgel, whether or not of Irish origin.
 * 1) Any cudgel, whether or not of Irish origin.
 * 1) Any cudgel, whether or not of Irish origin.
 * 1) Any cudgel, whether or not of Irish origin.

Translations

 * Irish: sail éille

title: shillelagh


text:
shinguard

Noun

 * 1) A piece of apparel to protect the front of the lower leg (the shin), usually worn when playing sports.

title: shinguard


text:
shirker

Noun

 * 1) One who shirks a duty or responsibility.
 * 2) One who is lazy.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: кръшкач
 * Catalan: emboscat
 * Dutch: ,
 * German:, Verpisser
 * Italian:
 * Maori: karioi, kaikaro
 * Spanish: embuscado, candongo

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: ,
 * German: ,
 * Italian: pigrone
 * Maori: inukorokoro, karioi, ringa mākohakoha
 * Plautdietsch: Schlosäwendoot
 * Spanish:

title: shirker


text:
User talk:Christopher Earl Strunk

This is the dictionary project of the WMF. I think you want our sister project: Wikipedia. --Connel MacKenzie 20:34, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Christopher Earl Strunk


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Proto-Indo-European

Appendix
This creative page needs to specify that all these entries need to start with "Appendix:Proto-Indo-European ". --Connel MacKenzie 20:47, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Copyvios all?
Looking at the sources being cited, perhaps we need a blanket prohibition against all this recent research. (Recent, meaning not before 1923.) Absolutely none of this can be free of copyright? --Connel MacKenzie 20:51, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Started vote for wholesale removal instead, at Votes/pl-2006-12/PIE. --Connel MacKenzie 21:22, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Some of the English meanings are direct copies from Pokorny 1959. Compare:
 *  "to make pretty; to be joyful"
 * with
 * all of the other info has to be either copyvio or original research. (IMNSHO) Robert Ullmann 21:28, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * There was research during the 1800's, but it seems to be considered outdated for various reasons by the modern proponents; even Pokorny is apparently outdated. It is a bit disturbing that this page advocates taking entries from it: "One main source for PIE entries will be Pokorny's 1959 dictionary, ..." which would be clear copyio. Robert Ullmann 21:40, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

by your logic, all material is either copyvio or original research, there is no middle ground left. Dbachmann 16:14, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Correct...for all P-I-E material. That is another reason there should be no P-I-E information anywhere on en.wiktionary.org. --Connel MacKenzie 03:12, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

I've removed a suggestion to use Pokorny "as a main source". Most of it reconstructions are obsolete anyway. --Ivan Štambuk 16:50, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

There is no copyright in an idea
To clarify, using knowledge contained in a copyrighted work, without copying part of the work, is never an infringement. 68.173.113.106 05:28, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

Requests for deletion/Others - kept
Kept. See archived discussion. 09:32, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Duplications of descendants on two proto-pages
As has been suggested here - This would leave only single-language descending families listed, and would miss the whole point of the ===Descendants==== section: to list all the ancient and modern descendants of a particular proto-word (or a root/word family), including borrowings. This would enable the creation of a giant, unparalleled semantic network that would ease the memorization of both etymologies and the meanings of words. If the descendants section grows too big (which I doubt, but which would be awesome if we get to that point!), collapsibility of the families at the first level of indentation could be implemented in javascript to ease the browsing. If the duplication by itself is the problem, it should be solved at the lower levels of inheritance, with entries of proto-languages using either labeled section transclusion to selectively map the content of the master descendant section to that of inheriting proto-language, or by plain periodic bot-synchronization. --Ivan Štambuk 13:26, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

Redirect policy
I think redirects should be allowed for PIE, because there are common spellings of certain known PIE roots, such as *ekwos or *kmtom. This would also make it easier for people to find the actual PIE root, because not everyone knows how to spell h₁éḱwos or ḱm̥tóm on a keyboard. EliasAlucard / Discussion 04:54, 8 May 2013 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, such redirects are already allowed, and there are quite a few of them. 12:47, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

derived stems on separate pages
I don't agree with splitting of stems and derived terms on separate pages. For example on Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁- we have four derivations, each of which is on a separate page. What is the point of ====Descendants==== section there anyway? To list unsorted terms that need to moved to the derived terms pages? It should also be noted that for most of the roots such derivations generally come with a big question mark because they are often postulated on the basis of very little evidence (e.g. reflexes in a single branch, usually Sanskrit or Greek which preserve PIE verbal system the best). This layout makes it very hard to navigate and observe the evidence in the daughter langauges.

My preferred layout would have the root listed under the ===Root=== section, and have all of the derivations listed either as as subsections. (e.g. for *dʰeh₁- we'd have ===Root=== and then ====*dʰédʰeh₁-==== or ====Present====), or just in a one big two-column table with derivations in the first column, and reflexes (which generally won't be many, a dozen tops) in another. Inflection would then come at the very end, after the evidence for particular stems has been presented. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 01:33, 6 August 2013 (UTC)
 * I have wondered about this as well. Most descendants don't clearly preserve the original primary verb inflection. Germanic and Slavic for example have almost only thematic verbs left. I think your solution may work well; alternatively we can list the verbs on the same page but under a ===Verb=== section. But we should keep secondary formations distinct as these were still clearly derived verbs. 01:43, 6 August 2013 (UTC)

Schwas
Over the past year, I have encountered quite a few words that say they derive from PIE roots that contain either a turned e (ǝ) or a schwa (ə); for example, Special:WhatLinksHere/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/wenǝ-, Special:WhatLinksHere/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/wenə-. (I have AWB set to alert me to turned es because they are frequently misused in IPA transcriptions.) mentions schwas, but this page's list of canonical symbols does not. Should it? If not, how should the pages that currently link to wenǝ-/wenə- be changed? - -sche (discuss) 02:53, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Schwas are an alternative notation for laryngeals that appear between consonants and therefore become "vocalised" in many descendant languages. So there are really three schwas to match the three types of laryngeal. The notation is a bit outdated though, and most modern sources just write the laryngeal. That's what our practice page reflects. 03:11, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The pages that currently use wenǝ- or wenə- should be changed to use wenh₁- if is correct. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 08:24, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

PIE morphology template
In Wiktionary:About Latin and About Ancient Greek, I suggested creating categories for present tense forms created by nasal infix. Responses to my suggestion lead me to think that this suggestion should be handled here. Here's a proposal. How about there be a PIE root template that allows for showing the particular affixed, ablauted, or otherwise modified form of a PIE root that gives rise to a given Indo-European form? For instance, in the Etymology section of, this description could be added: the present stem λαμβάν- originates from *lh₂⟨n⟩gʷn̥-: zero-grade of *sleh₂gʷ- without s-mobile, with nasal infix *n, and with suffix *n̥. (I'm just guessing αν is n̥.)

In this case, the template would need to be able to remove the s-mobile, insert the nasal infix, remove the *e of ablaut, and add the suffix n̥. In other cases, it would need to replace the default *e of ablaut with *o or add a different suffix. Perhaps it could even include accent (although this might only be relevant in Ancient Greek, Germanic forms with Verner's Law operating, etc.). It would ideally also add categories based on the morphological and phonological changes (something like Latin forms with PIE nasal infix, Ancient Greek forms from PIE zero-grade, Latin forms with PIE s-mobile.).

Is this a crazy idea? Unfortunately I'm not that much of a PIE scholar or a template coder, so I cannot judge for sure whether this makes sense in either sphere, but I am interested in having words categorized by their origin from PIE forms with PIE morphological process x or y, and in having more detailed PIE etymologies, at least for a few words. — Eru·tuon 17:49, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Nobody has responded, so a simpler idea: a template with a bunch of morphological categories, like nasal infix, reduplicated present or perfect, and ablaut grade, that you could put before the root, and which would automatically categorize words as being derived from a particular category of PIE morphological form.

Let's say it was called. So, in :

resulting in

 * From 🇨🇬, reduplicated present of.

and categorizing the word in Category:Ancient Greek reduplicated presents or something like that.

Any thoughts? I didn't get a response last time, probably because my idea was too fantastical. — Eru·tuon 07:24, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * I think it's fine to categorize Category:Ancient Greek reduplicated presents and the like, but not all Ancient Greek reduplicated (nasal-infix, ske/sko, etc.) presents necessarily come from PIE reduplicated (nasal-infix, ske/sko, etc.) presents. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 12:50, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Meaning some of these morphological processes were still productive after the PIE period, perhaps in Proto-Hellenic? Is there a way to determine whether the forms originate in PIE or not? — Eru·tuon 19:54, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Not really. At best, it's unlikely that a form is of PIE date if it's only found in one branch. But if a form is found in many branches, it may mean that it came from PIE, but it may also mean that the derivation process was still productive in the individual branches and they innovated the same form in parallel. It's very hard to tell these cases apart. —CodeCat 20:05, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Okay, so I shouldn't keep assuming that Greek forms have PIE etyma... oh well. Probably have to change a few entries then. — Eru·tuon 20:32, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * If a certain present stem is attested in two branches, it's probably old; if it's attested in three or more, it almost certainly is. (I don't think anyone seriously doubts that had a nasal infix present in PIE.) —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 13:32, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Lemmatising PIE verbs
We currently have a lemma form for nouns and adjectives, but not for verbs. The reason is presumably that there is a wide variety of lemma forms in the PIE languages, so it's not possible to choose one that neatly reflects them all, except by using the basic stem. However, I am finding that omitting the verb ending leaves out important details that are not supplied by the stem alone, namely whether the verb took primary (present), secondary (default) or stative endings. PIE also had deponent verbs, and this would be shown with middle endings in the lemma. These details are often reconstructible, and I think they should be included. Note that this question applies primarily to derived terms listed under roots. We only have a few actual PIE verb entries anyway.

The choice of lemma form is a bit more difficult, so I'd like to ask others for their opinions here. We should choose something that is used by PIE and at least some of the IE languages, so non-finite forms like infinitives are automatically out. That leaves only two contenders: 1st and 3rd person singular.

For the 1st person singular:
 * 1) Endings:
 * 2) * Active primary athematic, thematic.
 * 3) * Actuve secondary athematic, thematic.
 * 4) * Middle primary athematic (Sihler)/ (Ringe, Fortson), thematic /.
 * 5) * Middle secondary athematic (Sihler)/ (Ringe, Fortson), thematic /.
 * 6) * Stative
 * 7) Used by two big ancient IE languages, Latin and Greek, as well as by modern Greek. Also used by Bulgarian.
 * 8) Clearly distinguishes thematic from athematic verbs, at least in the active primary endings.
 * 9) Consensus on what the final vowel in the middle ending is?

For the 3rd person singular:
 * 1) Endings:
 * 2) * Active primary athematic, thematic.
 * 3) * Active secondary athematic, thematic.
 * 4) * Middle primary athematic, thematic.
 * 5) * Middle secondary athematic, thematic.
 * 6) * Stative
 * 7) Used by two big ancient IE languages, Sanskrit and Avestan, though both are in the same branch and are a bit less well known to English Wiktionary editors. Also used by Old Irish, which is slightly more obscure, and by modern Macedonian.
 * 8) The most frequently used form of a verb, generally, and the only one that is present for even defective/impersonal verbs.
 * 9) Probably less likely to result in funny alternations like Szemerenyi's law, which might obscure the stem.
 * 10) If we decide to list the other alternant of athematic verbs, the 3rd person plural is an ideal candidate as it is well reconstructed. The 1st person plural is somewhat more murky terrain, at least to me.
 * 11) Should we use the middle endings with t or without? The t-less forms are very rare among IE languages, attested only in a few Sanskrit, Anatolian, Celtic and Tocharian verbs, but they appear to be the early PIE endings, replaced with forms with t within PIE itself already.

Which one do you think we should use?

—CodeCat 21:10, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I doubt that these forms actually existed as such in true PIE, due to some recent articles by Roland Pooth. However, I haven't read much about PIE and this is probably a minority view at the moment. Despite that I'm an Ancient Greek enthusiast, if a form has to be chosen, I'd support the third person singular, since reconstructions of that form seem to be less uncertain, and the active ones all contain t, which makes it more recognizable. — Eru·tuon 21:32, 1 April 2016 (UTC)
 * My preference is leaning towards the 3rd person forms as well. —CodeCat 15:05, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Passer-by from beer parlour here. I recently thought about this and I'm wondering: Why do we/dictionaries in general see the need to have the verb class reflected by the lemma for PGM/Latin but not any descending Germanic/Romanic languages? Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 11:31, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The Proto-Germanic lemma is the infinitive, the same as for all the descendants. So any information it gives about verb class is coincidental. And the Romance infinitive does reflect verb class in many languages. The Proto-Slavic infinitive doesn't reflect verb class entirely accurately, as Slavic verbs have at least two principal parts (present and infinitive). —CodeCat 15:43, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Order of formations in root entries
The ordering of the various formations in root entries is currently a bit haphazard, so I propose the following standard, based in part on what is already common practice:

 * Verb formations first, then nominals and other formations.
 * Derivations are listed in alphabetical order by the suffix. The grade of the root and suffixes are ignored (i.e. assume zero grade for ordering). Simple thematic nominal derivations are ordered as "o". Thus, comes between  and.
 * Root verbs are listed before all other verbs, root nominals before all other nominals.
 * More derived formations after basic formations. Thus, a verb derived from a noun comes after that noun.

What do you think? —CodeCat 20:39, 3 May 2016 (UTC)

Proto-Indo-European resource
The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis (revised October 2017)

I have saved this public list of PIE roots here: http://archive.is/WCZyL

--80.187.105.82 15:00, 21 March 2018 (UTC)


text:
弾性

Noun

 * 1) elasticity

Derived terms

 * : elastic modulus
 * : elastic curve
 * elastic deformation
 * : elastic modulus
 * : elastic force
 * : elastic body

title: 弾性


text:
forlasi

Etymology
From, akin to German and Yiddish.

Verb

 * 1) to abandon, to desert, to forsake

title: forlasi


text:
procul

Etymology
From the root of, from.

Adverb

 * 1) far, far away; at a distance, from afar

title: procul


text: forlasis

title: forlasis


text: forlasas

title: forlasas


text:
forlasos

Verb

 * 1) * Trans. Odd Tangerud, Rosmersholm, Project Gutenberg transcription
 * 1) * Trans. Odd Tangerud, Rosmersholm, Project Gutenberg transcription

title: forlasos


text: forlasus

title: forlasus


text: forlasu

title: forlasu


text:
lasis

Etymology
Traditionally related to 🇨🇬 (dialectally attested as, ), perhaps because of the drop-like little spots on a salmon's scales, from.

Another suggestion is that this term comes from, referring to the mating habits of salmons, swimming and leaping upstream; but the final k leaves the s in the Baltic and Slavic forms unexplained. One would have to assume parallel forms, for this stem.

Cognates include 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 (probably a misspelled ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Proto-Germanic (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) salmon especially

title: lasis


text: lasas

title: lasas


text:
lasos

Numeral

 * 1)  hundred

title: lasos


text:
lasus

Numeral

 * 1) hundred

title: lasus


text:
lasu

Verb

 * 1) * 1908, Vicente Inglada, La kristofiguro de la lumo , from the collection Laŭroj Project Gutenberg transcription
 * 1) * 1908, Vicente Inglada, La kristofiguro de la lumo , from the collection Laŭroj Project Gutenberg transcription

Etymology
, from 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) child protection protection of children from violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect
 * 2) child protection notification

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  penis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  penis

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) braid

title: lasu


text:
elpeli

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to drive out

title: elpeli


text: elpelis

title: elpelis


text:
sugarbush

Etymology
, in reference to the sugary maple sap.

Noun

 * 1) A grove of maple trees.
 * 2) * 1999, U.S. Congress, NOx State Implementation Plans: hearing before the Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety
 * Indeed, acid rain has long been pointed to as the culprit in the diminished productivity and value of northern Maine and Vermont sugarbush (maple syrup producing trees).
 * 1) * 2001, Howard Paap, Northern Land: Life with the Ojibwe
 * The labor I offer in my friends' sugarbush is strenuous, but it brings a welcome fatigue.
 * 1) * 2006, Elaine Elliot, Maple Syrup
 * Then rough lean-tos and later huts were constructed near the sugarbush to offer some protection to the syrup and the boiler.
 * 1) Protea spp.
 * 1) Protea spp.

Translations

 * French:

title: sugarbush


text: elpelas

title: elpelas


text: elpelos

title: elpelos


text: elpelus

title: elpelus


text: elpelu

title: elpelu


text: pelis

title: pelis


text:
pelos

Etymology
From a contraction of the preposition + masculine plural article.

Contraction

 * 1) by means of the

title: pelos


text:
pelus

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) velvet

title: pelus


text:
pelu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) (single strand of) hair

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dog (domestic)

Etymology
Shortening of peluquería

Noun

 * 1) hairdresser's; barber shop

title: pelu


text:
senĝeneco

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) easiness, abandon

title: senĝeneco


text:
licuadora

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) blender

title: licuadora


text: senĝenecoj

title: senĝenecoj


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2006-12/PIE

PIE

 * Voting on: Deletion of all Proto-Indo-European information on en.wiktionary.org

 * Vote ends: January 18th, 2007, 23:59:59 UTC
 * Vote started by: --Connel MacKenzie 21:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Discussion: None of the "Proto-Indo-European" information entered on en.wiktionary.org to date seems to meet our criteria for inclusion. Primarily, attestation.  Since all of these are hypothetic "reconstructions" they can't (by definition) have written sources cited.
 * Even if the reconstructions did somehow meet our inclusion criteria, they sources available seem contradictory, based on who's methodology is being used to create them.
 * Even if the problems of conflicting "definitions" could be addressed, the sources available are all more recent than any of the copyright free sources we are allowed to use.
 * Even if the copyright questions are answered sufficiently, the hypothetical "roots" ofter no improvement on current etymological explanations. Because PIE is formed from etymological information, it can't be used to authoritatively specify what the etymology is.
 * Even if all the above questions are addressed sufficiently, our target audience (English readers) cannot possibly gain useful information from the PIE constructs. Not only are the roots misleading, suggesting someone actually used the terms at some point, the "PIE advocates" often replace real etymological information with only incomprehensible PIE explanations.
 * Even if all the above concerns are addressed, none of the "PIE advocates" are adhering to the previous convention of isolating the PIE information in the appendix namespace. While this causes considerable cleanup activities for the current administrators, it also conflicts with normal entry titles in the main namespace.  The WhatLinksHere cleanup activities are rarely finished before new entries have done still more damage.
 * Even if all the above were followed, it might be too much to expect PIE proponent Wiktionary newcomers to possibly understand or follow any of the previous conventions. Even when it was only "precede with an asterix" the majority were still consistently entered wrong.  Again, causing tremendous amounts of cleanup for administrators.

Support

 * Support removal of all traces of PIE from en.wiktionary.org

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Connel MacKenzie 21:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support SemperBlotto 22:12, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Robert Ullmann 22:25, 18 December 2006 (UTC) I have no problem with PIE/PST/PG in the appendices, except that a lot of it (all of it?) seems to be copyvio. CFI already very clearly prohibits them from the main namespace, but since so much effort is being made to twist CFI, it should be stated explicitly in WT:CFI that reconstructed languages cannot and do not meet CFI. Robert Ullmann 13:59, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Cynewulf 04:55, 22 December 2006 (UTC) Let the scientific community come to a consensus about what PIE is first. PIE has 3 cases where different publications disagree. If we put PIE in an appendix, which reconstruction would we use, and why? Is two *duwo-? *dwo-? *duoh? All of them?

Oppose

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Ptcamn 00:41, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Quite frankly, this is insane.
 * The criteria for inclusion shouldn't apply here. The purpose of attestation is, if I understand correctly, to prove that a word exists and is in use, as opposed to being a non-notable, Urban Dictionary-type neologism. Even though they are reconstructed, PIE forms are still definitely notable, verifiable and worthy of inclusion.
 * The sources agree for the most part, the disagreement being in the details. But even when not dealing with reconstructions, sources can and do disagree on etymologies. We should do what Wikipedia does, listing the arguments for each and citing sources.
 * Historical linguistics is older than Connel seems to realize. There are, in fact, public domain resources on PIE. Not that this is relevant, because we should be able to cite sources as verification just as easily as Wikipedia can.
 * I don't even understand this argument.
 * The average dictionary reader probably doesn't care about etymologies whatsoever. I fail to see how they would get any more useful information about an etymology tracing an English word to a Nahuatl word or to a Malayalam word than they would from a PIE etymology. (Someone did actually use the terms at one point. That's the whole idea.)
 * There are always going to be newcomers who don't know the rules. Even if PIE is banned, there'll still be newcomers who won't know that rule and who create PIE entries.
 * Please stop pretending that PIE isn't of any value. Connel seems to be labouring under the delusion that PIE itself is just a fantasy, which is ridiculous. Dictionaries like the OED and the AHD think it's worth including, but I suppose we know better than them. Wikipedia is proud of going above and beyond what conventional encyclopedias can do. I'd want for Wiktionary to do the same, but here and elsewhere, Connel shows that he wants to retard it.
 * As to your last comments above, I started a WT:VOTE here to solidify the overall Wiktionary consensus. I understood a strong consensus to exist against the various P-I-E forms.  My feelings are about what a dictionary should be: something that briefly makes clear the meaning of a word.  We don't include "word history" sections, not because they don't further understanding, but because they are not brief (while an etymology section typically is.)  But the circular nature of the P-I-E forms do nothing to further a reader's knowledge.  Instead, it leaves them at a theoretic, circular dead-end (an appendix entry that points back to the word and perhaps several others.)  To make things worse, it does so by introducing terms that are unfamiliar to all but the smallest minority of dictionary writers while alienating all dictionary readers.  Do you honestly think of "clearly expressing where a term came from" as "retarding Wiktionary?"  I steadfastly disagree.  The point of writing Wiktionary is to convey as much topical, useful information as possible, briefly.  The P-I-E information does not help that effort in any way.  --Connel MacKenzie 05:52, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * that's, like, your opinion. I do come to dictionaries when looking for the etymology of a term. Just because you are not interested in something doesn't make it unworthy of inclusion. Dbachmann 16:32, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I do not understand why you (both) feel personal attacks are needed, or helpful. As I said, I started the vote to solidify the existing consensus.  I absolutely love a good etymology - but I haven't seen a good one added to en.wiktionary.org in over a year.  I enumerated (quite clearly!) the problems I've noticed so far with the P-I-E nonsense, at the start of the vote.  User:Ptcamn expressed his interpretation of why some of my arguments do not match his POV.  Frankly, I think his arguments have no merit whatsoever.  But then, neither do the personal attacks.  --Connel MacKenzie 04:44, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose DAVilla 06:33, 19 December 2006 (UTC) Belongs in the Appendix: namespace, at the very least. Edit: What we need is a discussion on how large a role, if any, they should play in the etymology. DAVilla 16:58, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose henne 09:33, 19 December 2006 (UTC) I am unable to estimate how valuable the PIE information is to a Wikt user, but I think it would be a shame to remove it completely.  Even when most entries only consist of backlinks to the words they are reconstructed from, this is also the case with most verb forms and plurals.
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Jeffqyzt 15:57, 20 December 2006 (UTC) ...but it should not be in the main namespace; an appendix is appropriate.
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose V-ball 16:48, 21 December 2006 (UTC) Appendix. V-ball 16:48, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 5) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose, clearly an insane proposal. We do want etymological information in Wiktionary (Etymology), which in cases of IE words will involve citation of PIE forms. MacKenzie & Ullmann chose to bully me over my additions of etymological entries, and now tried to solve this by a vote (incidentially without notifying me of the vote, preferring to threaten and block me instead) rather by discussion and consensus (I have asked them several times to civilly contribute to Wiktionary_talk:Reconstructed terms), which in my view is most unwikilike behaviour. I am open to have a separate "Reconstructed:" or "Appendix:*" namespace. I find the "Appendix:Proto-Indo-European root X" impractical for technical (linguistic) reasons, but hey, nobody even bothered to inquire about these, why bother when I can be bullied & blocked instead, and etymological entries "eradicated". Dbachmann 16:30, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yet even after numerous corrections and explanations, you continued to blather on about your way being the only possible correct way things could be done? Most of what's in the Appendix:Proto- space predates your stunt, does it not?  These votes are to some extent for your benefit, to formalize the long standing practices.  Unwikilike, indeed.  --Connel MacKenzie 09:13, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Kipmaster 16:33, 22 December 2006 (UTC) Appendix, as suggested by next vote.
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose. This is crazy. Naturally a dictionary should try to be concise, but the hallmark of a dictionary is not its brevity (just look at the OED) but the fact that it is focused on words as words rather than as a concept (Wikipedia). We should naturally try to fill every channel of a word as it pertains to language use, hence why this is a wiki. I don't know where you came up with the idea that the PIE entries have no use. I'm a sixteen year old I find these highly useful as a TCK, especially when one is trying to come up with an idea of how a language and a culture diverged (or what the common features are). People don't just come to wiktionary just to augment their vocabulary, but to gain insight into language as a whole. That is exactly why I use wiktionary, etymonline and wordreference and have practically thrown away most other online dictionary sites like dictionary.com and so forth. John Riemann Soong 16:50, 24 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Beobach972 17:31, 24 December 2006 (UTC) If there are any copyright violations, those should be deleted for being copyright violations, not for being PIE roots. With regard to the location of the roots, I agree with Williamsayers79, they should not exist as entries in the main namespace, but they should be in appendices. (Beobach972 17:32, 24 December 2006 (UTC))
 * That ignores the fact that the P-I-E research is too young to possibly be in the public domain. If we were to start our own branch of GFDL P-I-E, it would be yet another theory of construction (and quite certainly Original Research.)  --Connel MacKenzie 04:49, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Dude, idea-expression dichotomy. The PIE roots are the ideas, they're not copyrightable. The definitions are. We can rewrite them. That's not original research, as long as we cite our sources so its not plagiarism. John Riemann Soong 03:35, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No dude, that argument holds for ideas you know. As a native speaker of English, you know certain words equate to specific concepts.  Referring to a reference book to make sure you didn't miss an adjective or noun meaning is one thing.  Referring to an outside source to show a word is not an adjective is another.  But for a hypothetic language, you have to first get the root idea from another copyright source, or make it up yourself.  With the latter specifically prohibited by NOR, the only alternative left is systemic copyright violation.  --Connel MacKenzie 07:48, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * That is quite fallacious. Just because the only source is available from a restricted source doesn't make expressing those ideas in a new way illegal. For example, consider all the books written about other copyrighted books, without the consent of their authors. Just because I have to acquire the root idea from a copyrighted source doesn't make that idea copyrighted! And for example (if I really had no life), I could try to "learn" PIE (as people do for Klingon) and memorise all the roots in my head. I know this is a fruitless endeavour, because there's no point trying to learn a protolanguage. But on the other hand, it's possible to have a fair knowledge of PIE roots. John Riemann Soong 02:21, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose. This is extremely important information and it belongs here. —Stephen 05:33, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose EncycloPetey 22:46, 26 December 2006 (UTC) Relegate to Appendices, OK; Delete outright and altogether, no.
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Ncik 21:02, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose of course.  Widsith 09:50, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain --Williamsayers79 09:02, 19 December 2006 (UTC) don't delete it, appendix it, there should not be a slew of entries for all PIE words, however to remove all trace may be a bit hasty!
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain Cerealkiller13 10:19, 21 December 2006 (UTC) I think that Ptcamn makes a point in that Wiktionary already includes information that the average reader could not possibly care less about, such as etymologies.  As previously stated, venerable dictionaries such as OED seem to value such hypothetical constructs, and I wonder if Wiktionary can't aspire to something as noble as such an institution.  I think that doing so would not prevent us from our goal of being Webster's Quick Reference as well.  Wikipedia has extensive articles on both logic and Lindsay Lohan.  I certainly believe that PIE can improve connections between words in that there are many cognates which cannot be made simply on the basis of attested words.  Certainly PIE and similar words are of a different class than attested words, but they have merit for a dictionary nonetheless.  And while I'm admittedly not terribly well informed about copyright rules, wouldn't using a word attested to in numerous articles/books on the subject and then citing them be within the proper limits?  As I am not a sysop, and thus will not be the one dealing with all of the incorrectly done PIE words, should it be decided to keep them, I am not having my opinion count towards a decision, but I'd really like to have them kept in some fashion, be it appendices or whatever.
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain Cerealkiller13 10:19, 21 December 2006 (UTC) I think that Ptcamn makes a point in that Wiktionary already includes information that the average reader could not possibly care less about, such as etymologies.  As previously stated, venerable dictionaries such as OED seem to value such hypothetical constructs, and I wonder if Wiktionary can't aspire to something as noble as such an institution.  I think that doing so would not prevent us from our goal of being Webster's Quick Reference as well.  Wikipedia has extensive articles on both logic and Lindsay Lohan.  I certainly believe that PIE can improve connections between words in that there are many cognates which cannot be made simply on the basis of attested words.  Certainly PIE and similar words are of a different class than attested words, but they have merit for a dictionary nonetheless.  And while I'm admittedly not terribly well informed about copyright rules, wouldn't using a word attested to in numerous articles/books on the subject and then citing them be within the proper limits?  As I am not a sysop, and thus will not be the one dealing with all of the incorrectly done PIE words, should it be decided to keep them, I am not having my opinion count towards a decision, but I'd really like to have them kept in some fashion, be it appendices or whatever.

Comment
''One week away now. No point in withdrawing, as it represents a community opinion that we should agressively incorporate systemic copyright violations.'' --Connel MacKenzie 18:52, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Certainly there is a way to include the information without violating copyright? A list of cognates, a short or paraphrased basic meaning, the speculated spelling... which of these could be copyrighted, if not all three come from a single source? DAVilla 17:49, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * None of the PIE information that conceivable could be included in Wiktionary could come from general knowledge. It is all only specialized technical data from one of three works.  Including PIE means systematically using one, or all three, of those highly technical resources.  Including PIE means systemic copyright violation.  Isn't that obvious?  --Connel MacKenzie 01:05, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No, it is not obvious. IANAL either, but I do not think that those terms by themselves can be copyrighted.  The question remains whether it is possible to describe them without doing (<-what’s the right word here?) plagiarism.  In the worst case, the only thing we can do is mention the article/work where they are described, nothing else. henne 11:57, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * "Committing" I think is the word you wanted there. --Connel MacKenzie 08:16, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Indeed, thanks. And just imagine for a while that I am a PIE expert and think WIKT is a nice project worth investigating my time in, and I want to contribute all my knowledge to the Appendix.  You wouldn’t want to stop me, would you?  And if not Wiktionary, where would this information belong... (24.77.214.53 seems to have been someone like this, see the appendix’ history.) henne 19:27, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that is a very good example of the sort of vandalism that has left such a bad taste regarding P-I-E in my mouth. Please note carefully that none of that contributor's edits to P-I-E terms were done in the Appendix namespace...rather they were all done in the main namespace where (at that time) they were (more) explicitly prohibited.  When the pages were moved, the history that links to the edit no longer identifies where they entered them, directly.  Looking at the resulting pattern in mostly alphabetic sequence of that editor's contributions, I am inclined to think they had someone's text open, and were copying directly.  But that is my guess (that it was concerted copyright violation); I have no idea what a court would decide in such a case, as court decisions seem to be random.  The question remains, should en.wiktionary needlessly take on that risk for terms that categorically are highly dubious, scientifically disputed (with conflicting competing theories) and universally copyright-suspect?  I think that contributor's edits are an absolutely perfect example that en.wiktionary.org cannot expect any P-I-E edits that aren't being stolen from elsewhere, with or without proper attribution.  --Connel MacKenzie 21:26, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Rats... I wish I had known about this early enough to make it 4/14/2. Angr 18:35, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Decision

 * Proposal rejected by community, 4/13/2. No action being taken as a result of this vote.  --Connel MacKenzie 08:16, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2006-12/PIE


text: senĝenecon

title: senĝenecon


text: senĝenecojn

title: senĝenecojn


text:
ĝeni

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to bother, trouble

title: ĝeni


text:
espumoso

Etymology
From, or from.

Adjective

 * 1) frothy; foamy

Etymology
From, or from.

Adjective

 * 1) foamy; frothy; filled with or composed of bubbles
 * 2)  sparkling

title: espumoso


text:
男親

Noun

 * 1) A male parent; father.

title: 男親


text: malbonaj

title: malbonaj


text: malbonan

title: malbonan


text: malbonajn

title: malbonajn


text:
男の子

Etymology
Compound of.

First cited to a text from 1711.

Noun

 * 1)  a boy

title: 男の子


text:
shoebill

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * , a tall wading bird related to the stork, native to tropical African swamps; the sole species of the family.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: skoenbekooievaar
 * Albanian: lejleku sqepgjerë
 * Arabic: أبو مركوب
 * Assamese: জোতাঠোঁটীয়া
 * Asturian: picozapato
 * Breton: beg-botez
 * Bulgarian: китоглава чапла
 * Catalan: bec d'esclop
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 鯨頭鸛
 * Czech: člunozobec africký
 * Danish: træskonæb
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ŝubekulo
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: peteiro zapato
 * Georgian: ვეშაპთავა ყანჩა
 * German:
 * Greek: φαλαινοκέφαλος
 * Hebrew: מנעלן
 * Hungarian: papucscsőrű madár
 * Ingush: зӏокармаьчи
 * Irish: bróg-ghob
 * Italian: becco a scarpa
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: наханбасты
 * Korean: 넓적부리황새
 * Latvian: tupeļknābis
 * Lithuanian: batasnapis
 * Luganda: bbuulwe
 * Malayalam: ഷൂബിൽ
 * Navajo: chʼídeeldlóohiitsoh
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: treskonebb
 * Nynorsk: treskonebb
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: bico-de-tamanco
 * Romanian: abumarkub, pasărea sabot
 * Russian:, короле́вская ца́пля
 * Saterland Frisian: Schousnoabel
 * Scots: shaebill
 * Scottish Gaelic: corra bròg-ghobach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: рода ципеларка
 * Roman: roda cipelarka
 * Slovak: člnozobec kráľovský
 * Slovene: čevljekljun
 * Spanish: picozapato
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: காலணி-அலகு நாரை
 * Thai: นกกระสาปากพลั่ว
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: китоголо́в
 * Vietnamese: cò mỏ giày
 * Welsh: ciconia pig esgid

title: shoebill


text: damnis

title: damnis


text: damnas

title: damnas


text: damnos

title: damnos


text: damnus

title: damnus


text: damnu

title: damnu


text:
damne

Interjection

 * 1) damn!

Usage notes
Though its construction suggests an adverb, is rarely used as such.

Verb

 * 1) * late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 843-844:
 * "enm"
 * "enm"

- [...] ‘Mankind was lorn and damned ay to dye, For which thy child was on a croys y-rent;’ [...]

title: damne


text:
escort agency

Noun

 * 1) A company that provides customers with companions for a fee, usually for sexual services, which services are not performed on company premises.

title: escort agency


text:
unruliness

Noun

 * 1) The state of being unruly.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Irish: ainriantacht, díchoisctheacht, díriail, dochoisctheacht, doriarthacht, leorthóireacht, mírialtacht, místiúradh, oilbhéas

title: unruliness


text:
escort service

Noun

 * 1) A company that provides customers with companions or prostitutes for a fee.

title: escort service


text: orienton

title: orienton


text: improves

title: improves


text:
vorming

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) formation
 * 2) education

title: vorming


text: orientaj

title: orientaj


text: phoned

title: phoned


text: orientajn

title: orientajn


text:
immunisation

Noun

 * 1)  The process of immunising signalling and traction power supplies so they don't interfere with each other.
 * 1)  The process of immunising signalling and traction power supplies so they don't interfere with each other.

Noun

 * 1) immunization

title: immunisation


text: gezegd

title: gezegd


text: incited

title: incited


text: zigzagged

title: zigzagged


text: zigzags

title: zigzags


text:
memorialize

Verb

 * 1)  To provide a memorial for someone; to commemorate.
 * 2)  To convert (someone’s profile) into a memorial site/page (e.g. on Facebook).
 * 3)  To create a written record of a meeting or conversation.
 * 4)  To petition with a memorial, or statement of facts.
 * 1)  To create a written record of a meeting or conversation.
 * 2)  To petition with a memorial, or statement of facts.

Translations

 * German:  ,
 * Hungarian: emléket állít
 * Ukrainian:

 * Hungarian: emlékoldallá alakít

title: memorialize


text: honky-tonks

title: honky-tonks


text:
overleg

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * s, ,
 * 1)  any permanent or regular consultation between different parties on a specific topic
 * , consultative an organisational format that facilitates ongoing consultation between various institutional parties

Verb

 * 1)  (1).
 * 2)  (1).
 * 3)  (2).

title: overleg


text: honkytonks

title: honkytonks


text: manages

title: manages


text: incorporates

title: incorporates


text: matures

title: matures


text: meddled

title: meddled


text: neglects

title: neglects


text: nourishes

title: nourishes


text:
partij

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) party, quantity
 * 2) party, group of people
 * 3) side or actor in a conflict, procedure et cetera
 * 4) political party
 * 5) party, festivity
 * 1) party, festivity
 * 1) party, festivity

Determiner

 * ,, a small number of

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) party, quantity
 * 2) party group of people

title: partij


text: partijen

title: partijen


text:
Christmas time

Noun

 * 1) The Christmas season.
 * 2) Yuletide.
 * 3) Christmastide.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Galician: tempo de Nadal
 * German:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: juletid

title: Christmas time


text: aangegeven

title: aangegeven


text:
gesprek

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Equivalent to af.

Noun

 * 1) talk, conversation

Etymology
From, from , from. Equivalent to nl. Its use as a term for “conversation” dates to early Modern Dutch, in this sense it ultimately displaced older.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) talk, verbal conversation

title: gesprek


text: gesproken

title: gesproken


text:
verslag

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) report

title: verslag


text:
eindverslag

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) final report

title: eindverslag


text:
indienen

Verb

 * 1) to offer, to hand in
 * Hoekstra gaat maandagavond naar de koningin om zijn eindverslag in te dienen. — Hoekstra will go Monday evening to the queen in order to offer his final report.

title: indienen


text:
dienst

Etymology
From, from , from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) service
 * 2) draft
 * 1) draft

title: dienst


text: ramparts

title: ramparts


text: park the car in Harvard Yard

title: park the car in Harvard Yard


text:
User talk:Frank Renner~enwiktionary

Welcome
Hi, Frank. Please note that Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia. Thus, I've deleted your encyclopedic entry on Phenomena (band). Even in dictionary format, it is unlikely that information about this band is acceptable content here. We also don't use parenthetic disambiguation this way. The title of the article must be a word or phrase in common use, like the headword in a dictionary.

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our format guidelines
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! —Dvortygirl 00:13, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Frank Renner. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Frank Renner~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:06, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Frank Renner~enwiktionary


text:
User talk:Ppzpag

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our format guidelines
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! —Dvortygirl 00:15, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ppzpag


text:
発展

Noun

 * 1) development
 * 2)  the act of cruising, or going around for sexual partners; homosexuality

Derived terms

 * (n.) expansivity
 * (adj.) expansive
 * (n.) developed
 * (n.) developing country
 * (n.) dissolution for the expansion

Verb

 * 1) develop

title: 発展


text:
User talk:Cem BSEE

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our format guidelines
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! —Dvortygirl 00:21, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

inductance
Cem, First, I really do appreciate what you're doing here. I'm an ME, myself, and it seems like quite a lot of the engineering terms are inaccessible to the general public and to translators. To that end, I hope we can both help to keep definitions of technical terms accurate and (as much as possible) accessible to the layperson.

I would ask you to take another look at your edit for inductance, though. The purpose of the # in the Wiktionary is to differentiate between distinct senses. Thus, board might be defined as What you've done to the second definition of inductance makes it no longer a definition but a stray fact. I believe the reason for the second definition is to distinguish between the sense of the property itself and the sense of the amount of that property (an amount that the SI system happens to measure in henries). You're correct that the word "current" was not accurate. Perhaps the second definition should run something like "The quantity of this property, measured in henries in the SI system." What do you think? --Dvortygirl 00:51, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) A piece of wood cut into a shape.
 * 2) A committee.
 * One more thing while I'm bugging you. Are you the same as Koralcem of wikiHow?  --Dvortygirl 00:55, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

from CEM_BSEE -- I am a Purdue Graduate of 1959 -- in about 1978 I edited a "power Cable Dictionary" while working at Anaconda Wire & Cable in the R&D Dept-- ~1500 terms -- AWC printed it, I drew my normal salary -- I also edited "Cable Installation Manual" which has been the guideline for installations in nuclear power plants -- I helped write the 1974 NEC, worked with UL, in fact, had a job offer from them in 1983.

I intend to add several terms, correct or expand others -- abet without all the frills -- I think that having the definitions is important.

Since I am 73y/o, I think it to be important for Wiktionary to pick my brain -- ?? I am also strong in manufacturing plant engineering of buildings | facilities | equipment installation. I have some 2970+ posts at HVAC-TALK.com.

No, I know nothing of the person using the "name" you recited. I usually use my initials or name while on the web -- especially at good sites.

BTW, I have no idea as to how to get to your "Talk" site | page -- Can everyone read this page? If not, I can | will give my eaddr.

 * Perhaps I should explain. The other fellow called Cem (on the other wiki) is also an electrical engineer, though I gather he's at the other end of his career.  It was enough of a coincidence that I thought I'd at least ask.

 * Every user has a talk page, and yes, everybody can read everybody else's (most of the usual discussion about "is this really a verb?" isn't all that private). If you go to my user page and click the discussion tab, for instance, you'll be on my talk page.  If you leave a message for me there, it puts up an orange "new messages" box to remind me the next time I log in.

 * Please feel free to ask questions there, and I'll be glad to point you in the right direction, or tell you who can. I'm sure my couple of obligatory circuits classes don't compare to your experience, but I know the ins and outs of Wiktionary pretty well.

 * You have a user page, too, where you're welcome to put a bio, a greeting to the world, links to references or pages that interest you, or just about anything else you choose, within reason.

 * You might also like to say hi to SemperBlotto. He's a retired industrial chemist and computer sort, and a long-time Wiktionary contributor and administrator.  He can answer questions, too, and he'll probably be glad to know he's not the only one here to have earned some gray hair.

 * Finally, there's no need to give anybody here your email address, unless you want to chat outside the project. If you look in the left-hand column from anybody's user or user_talk page, you'll see a link "Email this user".  That link works only if you activated it (you did) and nobody using it gets your email address unless you reply to them.   Send a test note to yourself, if you'd like to see how it works.

 * Thanks for sharing your expertise with the world. --Dvortygirl 01:37, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Please try to use some basic formatting when creating entries..
This is the outline of a basic entry: ==English==

===Noun=== (or Verb, Adjective, etc.. depending on the word) The Word Here

 * 1) The definition here.

Thanks! --Versageek 03:10, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

derate and others
Replacing definitions with others specific to one field, or other variations of that, is no good. In some case you would do much better to simply refer to wikipedia (add ). You have removed a number of useful defintions, and we can't have that. Robert Ullmann 19:39, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

so, you, RU, would have the specific instance of derating with reference to electrical, rather to applying this to more fields? or, in addition to the elec? And, I have strived to apply the same reasoning to others. Please recite any others you feel are not factual. Cem BSEE 19:44, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

read my discussion at derate Cem BSEE 20:15, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * You do note that many of our entries have more than one sense line? (Yes, I know you know that; you have added additional definitions in some cases.) So leave the common sense at derate alone, especially if you are not familiar with it and add the precise engineering meaning. Robert Ullmann

dielectric absorption
Noun phrase is not a header. And you've seen the format often enough, and see WT:ELE Robert Ullmann 19:50, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Every single entry or change you make has to be corrected or removed. Please understand that this is a general dictionary, not a dictionary of EE (which it certainly includes). Converting definitions to EE specific senses is damage. Please learn this! At this point we are going to have to take a lot of time fixing these entries. Robert Ullmann 19:50, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Noun phrase seemed to be a header used before me -- sorry.

I have tried to add words which I thought many others might need, not just for EEs. Once again, it was & is my intent to me that most of my changes have been made to make a definition apply to many fields or broader=eg: dew point seemed to suggest that it only applied to air; derate seemed to suggest that it only applied to electric apparatus.

 * That is what you are not getting: 99.9% of the time, to 99.9% of the people, dew point applies to air, and dew on the ground; it is the common meaning of the word. Adding the "general" definition is fine; deleting the usual sense is vandalism.

I suggest that you, RU, check many other scientific resources. I do not see anything that indicates that you have a technical background. Cem BSEE 20:02, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * That kind of personal attack will get you blocked in a heartbeat. You are now warned. (FYI: I was doing VLSI design in 1972. And several other things over decades. I may very well know a damn sight more than you, but you don't know, do you?)

 * This is not a dictionary specific to electrical engineering Get that? Robert Ullmann 20:27, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Sorry, I did not realize that this was a dictionary only for the "masses". It seems to me that any words should be included, providing that they are in good taste. So, you will just delete my entries, rather than discuss specific issues? Cem BSEE 21:27, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you intentionally being obtuse? I said it is not only for EE. It is a general dictionary, including EE. Once again: there isn't any problem with adding the EE definitions, as long as you don't replace (or "generalize") the common meanings. There is little to discuss: your definitions (as you and I both know) are fine for the field, they should be added as specific to the field. Robert Ullmann 21:34, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cem BSEE


text:
Template:U:en:weak vowel rhymes

In accents with the weak vowel merger, words ending in /-/  are rhymes for words on this page.

title: Template:U:en:weak vowel rhymes


text:
男優

Noun

 * 1)  actor; male artist
 * 2) (especially Japanese) pornographic actor

Noun

 * 1) male actor

Antonyms

 * actress

title: 男優


text:
男爵

Noun

 * 1) baron nobility

Related terms

 * : duke
 * : marquis
 * : earl, count
 * : viscount

Etymology
. Originally, the lowest among the in China under the Zhou dynasty. Used as an equivalent to the concept of the European "baron" after the Meiji Restoration, during the establishment of a new peerage system called.

Noun

 * 1) baron

Coordinate terms

 * : duke
 * : marquis
 * : earl, count
 * : viscount

title: 男爵


text:
bergleeuw

Etymology
From.

title: bergleeuw


text:
男言葉

Noun

 * 1) male language, men's words

Antonyms

 * : female language

Related terms

 * : language
 * : colloquial language
 * : literary language

title: 男言葉


text:
enciklopedio

Etymology
Derived from, from +.

Noun

 * 1) encyclopedia

title: enciklopedio


text:
taak

Etymology
Borrowed from, from an variant of.

Noun

 * 1) task

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to talk, to speak

Verb

 * 1)  talk

title: taak


text:
benoemen

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to appoint, to nominate
 * 2)  to name, to call by someone's or something's name
 * 1)  to name, to call by someone's or something's name

title: benoemen


text:
meerdere

Determiner

 * 1) more, several, multiple

Noun

 * 1) someone higher in rank; a superior or boss

Usage notes
The gender of the word depends on the gender of the person referred to.

title: meerdere


text:
informateur

Noun

 * 1) politician who researches the possible coalition options before a new cabinet is formed, particularly in one of the Benelux countries

Noun

 * 1) advisor
 * 2) politician who researches the possible coalition options before a new cabinet is formed

Noun

 * 1) informant, informer – one who informs

title: informateur


text:
formateur

Noun

 * 1)  chief political negotiator for formal talks that are intended to lead to the formation of a cabinet, particularly in one of the Benelux countries

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) trainer
 * 2)  chief political negotiator for formal talks that are intended to lead to the formation of a cabinet

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) shaping
 * 2) formative, educational, edifying

Noun

 * 1) trainer, former

title: formateur


text:
afloop

Etymology 1
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) ending, result, termination

title: afloop


text:
beweging

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motion
 * 2) movement

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) movement, motion act of physically moving
 * 2) physical activity, exercise
 * 3) movement, group, organisation people with a common ideology or goal
 * 1) movement, group, organisation people with a common ideology or goal
 * 1) movement, group, organisation people with a common ideology or goal

title: beweging


text:
P U

Alternative forms

 * P-U
 * P-U
 * P-U
 * P-U
 * P-U

Etymology
Possibly from, an interjection indicating disgust, or from

Interjection

 * What is that awful smell? P U!
 * What is that awful smell? P U!

Translations

 * Polish:, ,
 * Russian: фу! (fu)

title: P U


text:
voldoende

Determiner

 * 1) sufficient

title: voldoende


text:
سگ

Etymology
From, from (compare an Iranian denotation of the dog *spaka-, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , and 🇨🇬, from Middle Median *aspak), from  (compare 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬), from  (compare 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) dog

Etymology
.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬۔

Noun

 * 1) dog
 * 2)  bitch
 * 1)  bitch

title: سگ


text:
beleid

Etymology
From. Equivalent to a deverbal from.

Noun

 * 1) policy
 * 2) care, circumspection
 * 3)  method, manner, approach
 * 1) care, circumspection
 * 2)  method, manner, approach
 * 1)  method, manner, approach

Etymology
From the stem of.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  policy; execution of policy.
 * 2) law or regulation
 * 1) law or regulation

title: beleid


text:
inzetten

Verb

 * 1) to insert
 * 2) to start off
 * PvdA-leider Wouter Bos zei na afloop van het gesprek dat hij nog lang niet voldoende beweging bij het CDA ziet om nieuw beleid in te zetten. — Labour Party leader Wouter Bos said, after the termination of the talk, that he so far does not see enough movement by the CDA to be able to start off a new policy.
 * 1) to use, to employ
 * De Gargariërs werden onderdrukt, en ingezet voor de huishoudelijke taken zoals het bewerken van textiel en het bereiden van voedsel, terwijl de Amazonen hun gebied uitbreidden via de kustlijn van Kaukasus tot Thracië. — The Gargarians were oppressed, and used for housekeeping tasks such as the working of textiles and the preparation of nutrients, while the Amazons extended their region via the coastline of the Caucasus up to Thrace.
 * 1) place a bet

title: inzetten


text:
undulipodium

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) An intracellular projection of a eukaryotic cell containing a microtubule array, used for locomotion or for propelling fluids.

title: undulipodium


text:
paternalistic

Adjective

 * 1)  the quality of being paternal, i.e. like a father, e.g. characterized by behaving in benevolent and yet intrusive manner towards underlings
 * 2)  of, pertaining to, characteristic of or practicing paternalism

title: paternalistic


text:
rasterization

Noun

 * 1) The process of taking an image described in a vector graphics format (shapes) and converting it into a raster image.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Portuguese: rasterização, matricialização

title: rasterization


text:
nog lang

Adverb

 * 1) so far

title: nog lang


text:
undula

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wavelet

title: undula


text:
daarvoor

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) before that, previously, formerly
 * 2) for that, therefore
 * 1) for that, therefore

title: daarvoor


text:
onderhandeling

Etymology
From.

title: onderhandeling


text: onderhandelingen

title: onderhandelingen


text:
vreemdeling

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) stranger unfamiliar person hailing from elsewhere
 * 2) foreigner

Etymology
Borrowed from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) stranger unfamiliar person hailing from elsewhere
 * 2) foreigner

title: vreemdeling


text:
vreemdelingenbeleid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) immigration policy

title: vreemdelingenbeleid


text:
verdeling

Etymology
From.

title: verdeling


text:
inkomensverdeling

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) income distribution

title: inkomensverdeling


text: veranderingen

title: veranderingen


text: Wouder

title: Wouder


text:
F clef

Noun

 * 1)  a clef which indicates the position of F below middle C in a given staff.
 * The F clef may be placed on the third or fourth or fifth line (from the bottom) of a five-line staff, and is then called the baritone clef, bass clef, or subbass clef, respectively.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, , F-nuottiavain
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: f-lykill
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: klucz basowy
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ключ фа,басо́вый ключ

title: F clef


text:
bass clef

Noun

 * 1)  A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: bassleutel
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: basový klíč
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: κλειδί του Φα
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: dordeochair
 * Japanese: 低音部記号,
 * Maori: tohu (tārawa) oro mārū
 * Persian:
 * Polish: klucz basowy
 * Portuguese: clave de fá
 * Russian: басовый ключ, ключ фа
 * Swedish: basklav

title: bass clef


text:
verschillend

Adjective

 * 1) different
 * 2) various

title: verschillend


text:
verschillen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to differ

title: verschillen


text:
middle C

Noun

 * 1)  A specific musical note, particularly the note C4, at approximately 261.6 hertz, appearing at the middle of the alto staff and directly between the treble and bass staves.
 * 2)  The key on a piano or other keyboard instrument corresponding to this note.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 中央C
 * Finnish: keski-C, yksiviivainen C
 * French:
 * Polish: środkowe C
 * Spanish: do central
 * Swedish: ettstrukna C

title: middle C


text:
Flintstonian

Etymology
After , an animated American television sitcom of the 1960s, set in the Stone Age;.

Adjective

 * 1) Outdated or no longer in vogue.
 * My bike is Flintstonian but it gets me around.
 * 1) Preferring the customs of earlier times.
 * You can't stay the night: my parents are a bit Flintstonian.
 * 1) Evoking the Flintstones cartoon series.
 * The brakes on my bike failed, so I had to come to a Flintstonian stop, that is, by dragging my feet on the pavement.

Quotations

 * 1996, Lawrence W. Levine, The Opening of the American Mind: : Canons, Culture and History
 * both the Flintstonian and Jeremian strategies come together and constitute a complementary escape from history.
 * 2005, Craig M. Bradley - Law, The Rehnquist Legacy
 * a case interesting only because of its Flintstonian title,
 * 2004, Brian A. Catlos, The Rough Guide to Languedoc & Rousillon 2
 * has information on the area's menhirs as well as an exhibition of local Flintstonian relics, and also arranges speleological safaris

title: Flintstonian


text:
User:RacoonFox

Greetings, and welcome to my user page! As you can tell, i work on a few other Wikipedia projects.

title: User:RacoonFox


text:
treble C

Noun

 * 1)  the C note exactly one octave above middle C

title: treble C


text:
yabba dabba doo

Etymology
Catchphrase of the animated character, of origin.

Interjection

 * Yabba dabba doo! I'm off work!
 * Yabba dabba doo! I'm off work!

title: yabba dabba doo


text:
bass C

Noun

 * 1)  the C note exactly one octave below middle C

title: bass C


text:
high C

Noun

 * 1)  The note exactly two octaves above middle C.

title: high C


text:
low C

Noun

 * 1)  the C note exactly two octaves below middle C

title: low C


text:
男女

Noun

 * 1) man and woman; men and women; both sexes
 * 2)  common people; the masses
 * 3)  sexual desire; lust
 * 4)  sons and daughters; children
 * 1)  common people; the masses
 * 2)  sexual desire; lust
 * 3)  sons and daughters; children
 * 1)  sons and daughters; children

Noun

 * 1) man and woman, men and women; both sexes
 * 2) boy and girl, boys and girls

Derived terms

 * 男女混声
 * 男女兼用 unisex
 * 男女別
 * 男女混成

Related terms

 * 性別
 * 性

title: 男女


text:
treble staff

Noun

 * 1)  A staff that starts with a treble clef.

title: treble staff


text:
bass staff

Noun

 * 1)  a staff which starts with a bass clef

title: bass staff


text:
grand staff

Noun

 * 1)  a treble staff joined to a bass staff by means of a brace, with the treble staff on top

Translations

 * Maori: hono tārawa

title: grand staff


text: grand staves

title: grand staves


text: judgment day

title: judgment day


text:
Talk:outfangthief

Not in English, no. --Connel MacKenzie 15:51, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Not in modern English anyway. Google Books has a few dozen references, mostly back to Elizabethan times and before. (Wouldn't that be Middle English??)
 * The Collected Historical Works of Sir Francis Palgrve.
 * Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities / Edmonston and Douglas / 1872.

Marked as archaic --Dmol 16:22, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The only books.google.com references I saw indicated it was not English, archaic or otherwise. Are you seeing something different?  --Connel MacKenzie 16:40, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello. According to this page, the Oxford Companion to British History has an entry for outfangthief (and for infangthief as well): "Examples of [legal terms] include infangthief and outfangthief (early medieval jurisdictions)". FWIW, see also page 3 of Jurisdiction as Property: Franchise Jurisdiction from Henry III to James I. — Xavier, 21:20, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Admin note: I thought we spelled out somewhere that is for words 50-99 years since last used,  is for words 100 or older since being used seriously.  Is that still acceptable for everyone?  If not, shouldn't it go to WT:VOTE?  --Connel MacKenzie 05:30, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

So, shouldn't this be listed as ==Middle English== instead then? --Connel MacKenzie 12:02, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * A little more: My (American) local library's online OED access lists only two hits for outfangthief - neither one from a dictionary; instead, both are from "The Oxford Companion to British History" which describes the term as having become obsolete sometime in the 13th century. Sorry again, that I can't use the direct citation method they provide, without disclosing the city I am now residing in.  --Connel MacKenzie 22:30, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Changed label to "Middle English". --Connel MacKenzie 06:14, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Probably best known in modern times from the parody history textbook "1066 And All That" by W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman, in a spoof epic (?) poem about King Canute:
 * When Cnut Cyng the Witan wold enfeoff
 * Of infangthief and outfangthief
 * Wonderlich were they enwraged
 * And wordwar waged
 * Sware Cnut great scot and lot
 * Swinge wold ich this illbegoten lot.

(enfeoff: put in possession of land in exchange for a pledge of service, in feudal society) NickS 16:15, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Requests for deletion - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of October 2008. 07:07, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:outfangthief


text:
Talk:anorakish

Not in other dictionaries. --Connel MacKenzie 00:20, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * yes it is copyvio, source is http://www.worldwidewords.org/turnsofphrase/tp-ano1.htm Robert Ullmann 01:13, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * only 747 google hits, but a lot of real, independent uses among them. And the word dates from at least 1997. Robert Ullmann 01:16, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * added quotations from the London Times and the Archbishop of Canterbury ( in a sermon, no less! sigh, just a speech). Think that is good enough? ;-) Robert Ullmann 01:31, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * plus Hansard, debate in the House of Commons. That is three unimpeachable print citations, all with the meaning given. Pass? Robert Ullmann 01:42, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent cleanup and citations, thank you. --Connel MacKenzie 05:23, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * A bit anorakish, IMO ;-) --Eng in ear 14:54, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I quite agree. I've still to do the etymology. Robert Ullmann 15:31, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Added some cites from Google Books as well, as they push the date of use back a bit. --Jeffqyzt 15:41, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * RFVpassed. --Connel MacKenzie 06:22, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:anorakish


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2006-12/PIE

 * Discussion on PIE has been moved back. DAVilla

Comments
In previous votes, all comments were retained in the vote itself, despite efforts to divert them to the respective talk page.

Moving the preamble in this case, could potentially change the vote itself.

--Connel MacKenzie 06:45, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Understand that in removing both lengthy comments, I was trying to be fair. It was stange though that you consider what's listed as discussion to be a preamble, maybe closer to Wikipedia's outline? Without a countering argument (which you also allowed and restored of course), such statements could be construed as manipulation. I believe most contributors feel their vote is being counted towards a narrow, specific action.
 * Maybe I'm not sure what all a preamble is supposed to include. Putting arguments in the discussion as you did is a bit different from calling it part of the vote. At least we know it's just building a case, not part of what's being voted on. The initial discussion has always been much shorter in the past, and that was my reason for moving it. Yes, people are going to talk on the page, but you've practically invited a lengthy rebuttal.
 * Anyways, if you feel better about having it all there, I don't see any reason to object. Dialogue is always open here, so I don't worry too much about opinions being misrepresented. I do think the outcome might be different without being so absolute, and waiting until opinions have been hashed out before resorting to a vote, but that wasn't my call. What role do disinterested parties play in our voting scheme? DAVilla 16:52, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2006-12/PIE


text:
Talk:gingerbread

A type of cake? We are talking about cookies here, aren't we? --Connel MacKenzie 06:59, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

gingerbread
Sense of "a cake" - is this a countable sense, or is it just what the cake is made of, just as the biscuits/cookies are? — Paul G 08:25, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What does your copy of the OED say? SemperBlotto 10:35, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Good question. I didn't think to look there, for some reason. The senses are (summarised): "obsolete: preserved ginger; a kind of cake flavoured with ginger; something showy and unsubstantial; type of ironstone; type of tansy; slang: money". The "cake" sense is the one intended by our first sense (as the OED refers to it being cut into gingerbread men and the like) so it looks like the senses are one and the same. In any case, gingerbread is a cake, not a biscuit. Fixing now... — Paul G 17:28, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * How on earth do you make cookies from a cake? --Connel MacKenzie 23:48, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Gingerbread cookies (such as gingerbread men and gingerbread houses) are not the same as gingerbread, the cake (at least in the US), and they should have seperate entries. The cake is similar to other cakes; it has a thickness measured in centimeters (or, in the US, inches), it is moist, and it is full of largish airy holes baked in.  The cookie material, on the other hand, is dense and flat, having a thickness measured in millimeters.  Additionally, while both use ginger as an ingredient for flavoring, they have different flavors.  The word refers both to the construction material for the cookies (a gumdrop castle made of gingerbread and icing) where it is uncountable, and also to the cake and servings of the cake (Pass me a piece of gingerbread. or We baked a gingerbread for the potluck luncheon.)  There are boxed mixes available for both kinds, but I can't hit shopping sites at the moment to display the difference. --Jeffqyzt 16:04, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Rfvpassed, in widespread use. --Connel MacKenzie 07:54, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:gingerbread


text:
Talk:yabba dabba doo

Isn't this interjection always capitalized as "Yabba dabba doo!" instead? --Connel MacKenzie 07:17, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Doubt it. Google Books citations don't support this. It just rarely occurs except at the beginning of a sentence. Equinox 21:01, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:yabba dabba doo


text: furnaces

title: furnaces


text:
discomfiture

Etymology
From ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Defeat in battle.
 * 2) An emotional state similar to that arising from defeat; frustration, disappointment, perplexity or embarrassment.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * German: ,
 * Maori: hūhi
 * Norwegian:
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, ,

title: discomfiture


text:
spalt

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, from.

Noun

 * 1) Spelter.

Adjective

 * 1)  Brittle.
 * Note: Spalted wood is that which has been cut from a naturally cured, dead, or dying hardwood tree whose wood is normally light in color (such as pecan), and which exhibits patterns of dark stain (crazed) lines and splotches caused by microorganisms and/or fungus. Although slightly more brittle and porous than normal wood from the same species of tree, spalted wood nevertheless can be used to make decorative items and small pieces of furniture.
 * 1) Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy.
 * 1) Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy.

Verb

 * 1)  To break off pieces, or have them broken off, especially with an axe etc; to splinter.

Etymology
Related to 🇨🇬; see modern 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) crack, fissure

Descendants

 * German: ,
 * → Italian:

Etymology
Used in Swedish since 1657, same as Danish, from German , based on the verb , related to Swedish , ,

Noun

 * 1) a (long and narrow) gap
 * 2) a column (of text)
 * 3) a (recurring) section with certain contents in a paper or magazine; a column

title: spalt


text:
decremental

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to a decrement
 * 2) decreasing

title: decremental


text: tabbing

title: tabbing


text:
tabbed

Adjective

 * 1) Having a tab (protruding strip of material).
 * 2)  Having tabs (the user interface element).
 * 1)  Having tabs (the user interface element).

Noun

 * 1) python

title: tabbed


text:
User:Alex43223/monobook.js

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title: User:Alex43223/monobook.js


text: genomes

title: genomes


text: Category:pt:Genetics

title: Category:pt:Genetics


text:
unidirectional

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to only one direction, e.g.: where all component parts are aligned in the same direction in space.
 * 2) Not subject to change or reversal of direction.
 * 1) Not subject to change or reversal of direction.
 * 1) Not subject to change or reversal of direction.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: еднопосочен
 * Catalan: unidireccional
 * Dutch: unidirectioneel, eenrichtings-
 * Finnish:, tasasuuntainen
 * French:
 * Greek: ομοιοκατευθυνόμενος
 * Hindi: एकदिश, एकदिशीय
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: aontreoch
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Noun

 * 1) A fabric in which the majority of fibers run in the same single direction.

title: unidirectional


text:
hunting horn

Noun

 * 1)  A bugle, being either simply curved (especially in heraldry), or having from one (in e.g. some Roman horns) to three (in many modern musical horns) spirals, on which signals are blown during a hunt.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: metsästystorvi
 * French:, ,
 * German:, Waldhorn
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: corn fiaigh
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 狩猟笛
 * Occitan: còrn de caça
 * Persian:
 * Polish: trąbka myśliwska
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: cuerno de caza
 * Swedish:, jägarhorn

title: hunting horn


text: hunting-horn

title: hunting-horn


text:
caroler

Noun

 * 1) A carol singer.

Translations

 * Macedonian: ко́ледар, коле́дарка, си́лач
 * Polish:
 * Ukrainian: коля́дник, коля́дниця

Verb

 * 1) to sing

title: caroler


text:
carol singer

Noun

 * 1) A person, often one of a group, who sings carols, especially at Christmas.

title: carol singer


text:
wild strawberry

Noun

 * 1) A plant of the species of strawberry growing naturally throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere,.
 * 2) A berry of such a plant.

Translations

 * Abaza: жвумп
 * Abkhaz: аҵыҵы́ндра
 * Aromanian: frangã
 * Asturian:, , mayuela,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: skovjordbær
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: metsmaasikas
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: amorodeira brava, amorodo silvestre,
 * Georgian: ტყის მარწყვი
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: fragolina di bosco, fragola di bosco
 * Japanese: 野苺
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: تووتڕک
 * Macedonian: ѕу́ница, шу́мска ја́года
 * Norman: frâse sauvage
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: morango silvestre
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: лесна́я земляни́ка
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: шумска јагода
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: fresa salvaje, frutilla silvestre
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:, dağ çileği
 * Welsh: syfi

 * Asturian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: fragolina
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Turkish: dağ çileği,, yabani çilek

title: wild strawberry


text: dottles

title: dottles


text:
wood strawberry

Noun

 * 1) The European wild strawberry,

title: wood strawberry


text:
hautboy

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  An oboe or similar treble double reed instrument.
 * 2) * 1694, uncredited translator, The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland by in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North, London: Sam Smith and Benjamin Walford, Chapter 1, p.12,
 * When after this manner any have lost their Ships, and cannot be seen, they discharge a Cannon from the Ship, or sound the Trumpets, or Haut-boys, according as they are provided in their Ships, that the men that are lost may find their Ship again.
 * 1) * 1816,, “Theatrical Debuts,” , 20 October, 1816, in A.R. Waller and Arnold Glover (eds.), The Collected Works of William Hazlitt, London: J.M. Dent, 1903, p.341,
 * The notes proceed from her mouth as mechanically, as unmitigated by the sentiment, as if they came from the sharp hautboy or grating bassoon.
 * 1)  A reed stop on an organ giving a similar sound.
 * 2) A tall-growing strawberry,, having a musky flavour.
 * The notes proceed from her mouth as mechanically, as unmitigated by the sentiment, as if they came from the sharp hautboy or grating bassoon.
 * 1)  A reed stop on an organ giving a similar sound.
 * 2) A tall-growing strawberry,, having a musky flavour.
 * 1) A tall-growing strawberry,, having a musky flavour.

title: hautboy


text:
reed stop

Noun

 * 1)  An organ stop having the tone of a reed instrument.
 * °N, °W

Hyponyms

 * Bombarde
 * en chamade
 * ophicleide
 * trichterregal
 * Trompette Militaire
 * trumpet
 * vox humana

title: reed stop


text:
highbush blueberry

Noun

 * 1) The common species of blueberry,, grown for its fruit.

Translations

 * Danish: amerikansk blåbær
 * Finnish:
 * Swedish: amerikanskt blåbär
 * Turkish: maviyemiş

title: highbush blueberry


text:
lowbush blueberry

Noun

 * 1) A wild North American blueberry,, sometimes grown commercially for its fruit

title: lowbush blueberry


text:
wild blueberry

Noun

 * 1) Any of several species of blueberry, of the genus, having blue berries, that are not normally cultivated.

title: wild blueberry


text:
Puebla

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * , whose municipal seat is the city of the same name.
 * , whose capital is the city of the same name.
 * 1) A Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico.
 * 1) A Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico.

Translations

 * Amuzgo:
 * San Pedro Amuzgos: Jndaaquitsöꞌ
 * Arabic: بويبلا
 * Aragonese: Puebla
 * Armenian: Պուեբլա
 * Asturian: Puebla
 * Aymara: Puebla
 * Basque: Puebla
 * Bavarian: Puebla
 * Belarusian: Пуэбла
 * Breton: Puebla
 * Bulgarian: Пуебла
 * Catalan: Puebla
 * Cebuano: Puebla
 * Chechen: Пуэбла
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 普埃布拉
 * Wu: 普埃布拉
 * Czech: Puebla
 * Danish: Puebla
 * Dutch: Puebla
 * Estonian: Puebla
 * Finnish: Puebla
 * French:
 * Georgian: პუებლა
 * German: Puebla
 * Greek: Πουέμπλα
 * Guaraní: Puebla
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: Puebla
 * Ilocano: Puebla
 * Indonesian: Puebla
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: プエブラ
 * Korean: ^푸에블라
 * Ladino: Puebla
 * Latin: Angelopolis
 * Latvian: Puebla
 * Lithuanian: Puebla
 * Marathi: प्वेब्ला
 * Mingrelian: პუებლა
 * Mixtec:
 * Alcozauca: I̱ta Ndioꞌo
 * Magdalena Peñasco: Yute Nchoꞌo
 * San Juan Colorado: Yutya Nyoho
 * San Miguel el Grande: yūcha nchoho
 * Tezoatlán: Yu̱rndiꞌo
 * Nahuatl:
 * Classical: Cuetlaxcoapan
 * Norwegian: Puebla
 * Nynorsk: Puebla
 * Occitan: Puebla
 * Ossetian: Пуэблӕ
 * Otomi:
 * Mezquital: Ndeꞌmä
 * Polish: Puebla
 * Portuguese: Puebla
 * Punjabi: ਪੁਐਬਲਾ
 * Quechua: Puebla
 * Romanian: Puebla
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: Puebla, Пуебла
 * Silesian: Puebla
 * Slovak: Puebla
 * Slovene: Puebla
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili: Puebla
 * Swedish: Puebla
 * Tagalog: Puebla
 * Tamil: புவெப்லா
 * Tatar: Пвебла
 * Turkish: Puebla
 * Ukrainian: Пвебла
 * Venetian: Puebla
 * Veps: Puebl
 * Vietnamese: Puebla
 * Volapük: Puebla
 * Waray-Waray: Puebla
 * Welsh: Puebla

 * Marathi: प्वेब्ला
 * Spanish:

 * Marathi: प्वेब्ला
 * Nahuatl: Puebla
 * Spanish:

 * Marathi: प्वेब्ला
 * Spanish:

Proper noun

 * 1) a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico
 * 1) a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico
 * 1) a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico
 * 1) a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Mexico

title: Puebla


text:
compulsory purchase

Noun

 * 1)  The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

Synonyms

 * compulsory acquisition
 * eminent domain
 * expropriation

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique
 * German:, Zwangsenteignung
 * Italian: espropriazione per pubblica utilità
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: expropiación

title: compulsory purchase


text:
cargo hold

Noun

 * 1)  A hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kargejo
 * Finnish:
 * French:, cale avant, cale arrière
 * German:, , ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Volapük: nafaspadäd, föfaspadäd,  pödaspadäd, lodaspad

title: cargo hold


text:
User:TesterOne/monobook.js

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title: User:TesterOne/monobook.js


text: hifalutin

title: hifalutin


text: mesmerise

title: mesmerise


text:
diddler

Noun

 * 1) A person who diddles; a cheat or swindler.

Derived terms

 * child diddler

title: diddler


text:
streaking

Noun

 * 1) Condition of being streaked; a streak.
 * the streakings of fat in bacon
 * 1) The act of running naked through a public area.

title: streaking


text:
zebroid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A cross between a zebra and any other equine animal, but especially a horse.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian:

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to such a cross.
 * 2) Of or pertaining to a zebra; zebrine.

title: zebroid


text:
dessiner

Etymology
, borrowed from, from. .

Verb

 * 1) to draw, to sketch
 * 2) to draw up, to design
 * 3)  to take shape, to appear slowly

title: dessiner


text:
ٽي

Etymology
.

Numeral

 * 1) three

title: ٽي


text:
hagal

Etymology
From, likely from.

Noun

 * 1) hail (precipitation)

Etymology
From, likely from.

Noun

 * 1) hail; hailstorm
 * 2) the runic character ᚻ

title: hagal


text:
zebrine

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * Of, like or pertaining to a zebra.

Noun

 * 1) A zebra or similar (notably equine) animal.

title: zebrine


text: winterise

title: winterise


text:
ball lightning

Etymology
A.

Noun

 * 1) A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 球雷
 * Czech:
 * Danish: kuglelyn
 * Dena'ina: el'ekna daz'a
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: globa fulmo
 * Estonian: keravälk
 * Finnish:
 * French: foudre en boule
 * German:
 * Hebrew: כדור ברק
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: urðarmáni
 * Ingrian: tulikerä
 * Italian: fulmine globulare
 * Japanese: 球電
 * Kazakh: жұмбақ найзағай
 * Lithuanian: kamuolinis žaibas
 * Norwegian: kulelyn
 * Polish: piorun kulisty
 * Portuguese: raio globular
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: rayo globular
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: кульова блискавка
 * Vietnamese: sét hòn

title: ball lightning


text:
venture capitalist

Noun

 * 1) An investor who invests money in an innovative enterprise for which the potential for high profit and the risk of loss are both considerable.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: pääomasijoittaja
 * French:
 * Georgian: გამრისკავი მეწარმე, რისკიანი მეწარმე, რისკზე წამსვლელი მეწარმე
 * German: Risikokapitalgeber, Risikokapitalgeberin
 * Hungarian: kockázatitőke-befektető
 * Spanish: capitalista de riesgo

title: venture capitalist


text:
haglaz

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) The h rune symbol in esotericism, Germanic neopaganism and Germanic philology.

title: haglaz


text:
bundt cake

Etymology
See bundt.

Noun

 * 1) A ring-shaped cake, of German origin, baked in a decorative, often fluted, mould.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 圓環蛋糕, 奶油圓蛋糕
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: tulbandcake
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, , Rodonkuchen
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: バントケーキ, ブントケーキ, クグロフ
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: gugelhupf

title: bundt cake


text:
Candomblé

Etymology
, from +, meaning “candombe house”.

Proper noun

 * 1) A religion, practiced mostly in Brazil, that blends African and Roman Catholic elements.

Coordinate terms

 * Umbanda
 * Quimbanda
 * macumba

Translations

 * Finnish: candomblé
 * Portuguese:

Etymology
Borrowed from +, meaning “candombe house”.

title: Candomblé


text:
chedi

Etymology
From, from (Devanagari spelling: ), from.

Noun

 * 1) A Thai Buddhist monument similar to a stupa.

Translations

 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 窣堵坡
 * Isan:
 * Khmer:
 * Lao: ເຈດີ
 * Russian:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: མཆོད་རྟེན
 * Vietnamese: phù đồ

title: chedi


text:
calendari

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) calendar a system for dividing the year into months and days
 * 2) calendar a means for determining the date
 * 3) calendar a list of planned events for a given year
 * 4) forecast a prediction of future events based on current knowledge

Noun

 * 1) calendar

Noun

 * 1) calendar

title: calendari


text:
child-free

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having no children, biological, step, or adopted, as a matter of choice.
 * 2) Of an area, where children are excluded.
 * 1) Of an area, where children are excluded.
 * 1) Of an area, where children are excluded.
 * 1) Of an area, where children are excluded.
 * 1) Of an area, where children are excluded.
 * 1) Of an area, where children are excluded.

Translations

 * Belarusian: чайлдфры
 * French: sans enfant
 * Hebrew:
 * Japanese: チャイルド・フリー
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: чайлд-фрі

title: child-free


text: childfree

title: childfree


text:
chuffing

Derived terms

 * chuffing hell

Noun

 * 1) A noisy puffing sound, as of a steam locomotive.

title: chuffing


text:
สารานุกรม

Etymology
From + ; equivalent to 🇰🇲. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) encyclopedia.

title: สารานุกรม


text: deeksies

title: deeksies


text:
cinephilia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Enthusiasm for films and the cinema.

Translations

 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:

title: cinephilia


text: Category:Catalan prepositions

title: Category:Catalan prepositions


text: Category:Danish articles

title: Category:Danish articles


text: Category:Interlingua prepositions

title: Category:Interlingua prepositions


text: Category:Scottish Gaelic prepositions

title: Category:Scottish Gaelic prepositions


text:
debauchee

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Somebody who is debauched; somebody who is dissolute and acts without moral restraint.
 * 2) A person addicted to excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:libertine
 * See also Thesaurus:libertine
 * See also Thesaurus:libertine

Translations

 * German:, ,
 * Macedonian: ра́звратник, распу́штеник

 * German: Schwelger, ,
 * Latin: lastaurus

title: debauchee


text:
debaucher

Noun

 * 1) Somebody who debauches or corrupts others; a seducer.

Translations

 * French:
 * German:, Schwelger, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,

title: debaucher


text:
debauchment

Noun

 * 1) The act of debauching or corrupting; the act of seducing from virtue or duty.

title: debauchment


text:
miner's lettuce

Etymology
From the fact that miners during the California Gold Rush ate such plant to prevent scurvy.

Noun

 * , (now ), a plant of western North America with mild-flavored edible greens.
 * 1) Related plants with similar appearance and uses, such as  and

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: salaattikleitonia
 * Northern Ohlone: rooreh
 * Spanish: verdolaga de Cuba
 * Swedish: vinterportlak

title: miner's lettuce


text: orache

title: orache


text:
pekoe

Etymology
Unclear; possibly from or. See. Compare to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A high-quality black tea made using young leaves, grown in Sri Lanka, India, Java and the Azores.

title: pekoe


text:
calamint

Etymology
From (assimilated in English to ), from, , from , from , from , of uncertain origin (either by haplology from  or a loanword, which Beekes considers most likely to be from ).

Attested since early 17th century.

Noun

 * 1) Any species of aromatic garden herb of the genus, now often included in.

Translations

 * Arabic: فُوذَنَج
 * Bulgarian: миризливче
 * Catalan: clinopodi, calament
 * Czech: marulka
 * Finnish: mäkiminttu
 * French:
 * German: Bergminze, Steinquendel
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: καλαμίνθη
 * Polish: kalaminta
 * Slovene: čober

title: calamint