text:
Appendix:Slovak declension pattern mesto

Declension pattern mesto

 * pattern mesto n, noun
 * mest stem

Singular

 * nom mest-o
 * gen mest-a
 * dat mest-u
 * acc mest-o
 * loc mest-e
 * ins mest-om

Plural

 * nom mest-á
 * gen miest
 * dat mest-ám
 * acc mest-á
 * loc mest-ách
 * ins mest-ami

Usage
Genitive plural modifies the stem differently for each word, so you need to look up its entry in the Wiktionary or any other Slovak dictionary.

The modern Slovak neuter words that end at -emeno also have an alternative form of the nominative, accusative, and vocative singular, in which they end at -emä. This is used almost exclusively in poetry. For example, bremeno—bremä, rameno—ramä. But do not count on every Slovak even understanding these archaic forms!

If Wiktionary lists specific nouns as having different forms in certain cases, those take precedence over the declension pattern.

Other neuter patterns

 * srdce
 * vysvedčenie
 * dievča


text:
mesto

Etymology
Borrowed from and used as a tempo mark.

Adjective

 * 1)  sad, mournful

Adverb

 * 1)  mournfully

Etymology
13th century. From, from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) dense, thick, packed
 * 2) * c1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto Padre Sarmiento, page 96:
 * "gl"
 * "gl"

- cõmo quer que ja quanto lle daua hũa pouca de fealdade as sobrõçellas que avia mestas et juntas.

 * 1) mixed
 * 1) mixed

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Preposition

 * 1) instead of

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) sad

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) place
 * 2) space
 * 3) a settlement

Preposition

 * 1) instead of

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) city
 * 2) town

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) place, location
 * 2) town (settlement)

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) mixed

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: mesto


text:
miesto

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) place, territory, area
 * 2) place
 * 3) place
 * 4)  place
 * 5) place, position, post
 * 6) place
 * 7) aim, goal, end

Etymology
. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) location
 * 2) place

Preposition
+ genitive

 * 1) instead of

Conjunction

 * 1) rather than

title: miesto


text:
foster family

Noun

 * 1) A family having at least one foster child.

Related terms

 * foster care

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 寄養家庭
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: sijaisperhe
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: nevelőcsalád, örökbe fogadó család
 * Russian: приёмная семья́
 * Spanish: familia de acogida
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: yetiştirici aile

title: foster family


text:
prophet

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from +. Displaced native.

Noun

 * 1) Someone who speaks by divine inspiration.
 * 2) Someone who predicts the future; a soothsayer.
 * 1) Someone who predicts the future; a soothsayer.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: profeet
 * Albanian:, mrrim (Shala)
 * Amharic: ነቢይ
 * Arabic:, نَبِيء
 * Aramaic: נביא
 * Classical Syriac: ܢܒܝܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Avar: авараг
 * Azerbaijani:, nəbi, rəsul
 * Bashkir: пәйғәмбәр
 * Beaver: naachin
 * Belarusian: праро́к, праро́чыца
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:, проро́чица
 * Burmese: ပရောဖက်
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: пайхамар
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Chuvash: пӳлӗхҫӗ
 * Czech:, prorokyně
 * Danish: profet, profetinde
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto:, profetino
 * Estonian: prohvet
 * Ewe: nyagblɔɖila
 * Faroese: profetur, spámaður
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: წინასწარმეტყველი
 * German:, , Weissager
 * Gothic: 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌴𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: προφήτης, προφάτας, προφήτωρ, προφῆτις
 * Haitian Creole: profèt
 * Hausa: annabi
 * Hebrew:, איש האלוהים
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: spámaður
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: fáidh
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: пайғамбар
 * Khmer: ព្យាការី
 * Konkani: पैगंबर
 * Korean: ,
 * Kumyk: пайхаммар
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پێغەمەر
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Kyrgyz: пайгамбар
 * Lao: ສາດສະດາ
 * Latin: prophēta, vates, fatidicus, fatidica, vaticinator
 * Latvian: pravietis
 * Lezgi: пайгъамбар
 * Lithuanian: pranašas
 * Luxembourgish: Prophéit, Prophéitin
 * Macedonian: пророк, пророчица
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: profeta
 * Manchu: ᡦᠣᡵᠣᡶᡳᠶᡝᡨᠠ
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: бошиглогч
 * Mwani: ntume
 * Ngazidja Comorian: mtrume
 * Niuean: perofeta
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, profetinne
 * Nynorsk: profet, profetinne
 * Old English: wītga
 * Old Norse: spámaðr
 * Ottoman Turkish: پیغامبر, رسول
 * Pashto:, ,
 * Persian:, , , ,
 * Plautdietsch: Profeet
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: profet
 * Russian: ,
 * Sakha (Yakut): көрбүөччү
 * Samoan: perofeta
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: про̀рок, про̀рочица
 * Roman: ,
 * Sinhalese: තුමා
 * Slovak: prorok, prorokyňa
 * Slovene:, prerokinja
 * Somali: nebi
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: propeta, manghahawo
 * Tajik: расул, пайғамбар
 * Tashelhiyt: arqqas
 * Tatar:
 * Tausug: nabī
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, , , serdar-ı ekrem, Allah'ın elçisi,
 * Turkmen: pygamber
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Urdu:
 * Uyghur: پەيغەمبەر, نەبى, روسۇل
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:,  hiprofetan,  jiprofetan
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: נבֿיא, נבֿיאה

 * Arabic: مُتَنَبِّئ
 * Asturian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, , , prorokyně
 * Danish: profet, profetinde, spåmand , spåkvinde
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:, profetino
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:, , Weissager
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: profèt
 * Hebrew:, מגד עתידות
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: spámaður, spákona
 * Irish: fáidh, fáistineach
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: vātēs
 * Macedonian: пророк, претскажувач
 * Maori: matakite, matatuhi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, profetinne, spåmann, spåkvinne
 * Nynorsk: profet, profetinne, spåmann, spåkvinne
 * Old English: wītga
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , , , , , ,
 * Scots: spaer,  spaeman,  spaewife
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: видо̀вња̄к, про̀рок, про̀рочица
 * Roman:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ผู้ทำนาย, ,
 * Volapük:,  hiprofetan,  jiprofetan

 * Esperanto:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,

title: prophet


text:
Rhymes:English/æt

Pronunciation
,, {t

One syllable

 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat
 * Praat

title: Rhymes:English/æt


text:
Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)

Pronunciation
-ô(r), /-ɔː(ɹ)/, /-O:(r\)/

title: Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)


text:
bereits

Adverb

 * 1) already

title: bereits


text:
fangen

Etymology
From, from , a strong verb with past forms , , from , from. The present stem fang- is derived from the past forms. This development spread from to Central German dialects of early modern German (compare already  alongside ). The same happened in (< hāhen), in which, however, the development was reinforced by the existence of two variant verbs and therefore established itself much faster than it did in fangen. (Still today is used in many dialects of Swiss German.) Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to catch grab something flying in the air
 * 2)  to catch; to capture to take hold of a person or an animal
 * 3)  to improve in health; do well again; to do better
 * 4)  to calm down; to compose oneself
 * 5)  to catch (a disease; something unpleasant)
 * 6)  to be slapped
 * 1)  to calm down; to compose oneself
 * 2)  to catch (a disease; something unpleasant)
 * 3)  to be slapped
 * 1)  to be slapped
 * 1)  to be slapped

title: fangen


text:
wanna

Etymology
Contractions. Attested as early as 1824.

Pronunciation

 * (preconsonantal)
 * (prevocalic)
 * In accents where prevocalic schwa would usually trigger linking-R (most non-rhotic accents), this does not happen.
 * In accents where prevocalic schwa would usually trigger linking-R (most non-rhotic accents), this does not happen.
 * In accents where prevocalic schwa would usually trigger linking-R (most non-rhotic accents), this does not happen.

Usage notes
The spoken contractions are widespread in everyday informal speech. The written contractions are inappropriate outside informal writing or transcription of casual speech.

Wanna is less commonly and less regularly used as a contraction of wants to and wants a.

Noun

 * 1) heart

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tub

Etymology
, from, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) bath, bathtub

title: wanna


text:
gonna

Etymology
Attested since 1917. The pronunciation of present participles with the sound n rather than ng has a long history (see g-dropping on Wikipedia).

Pronunciation

 * The final schwa does not trigger linking-R in accents where it usually would (most non-rhotic accents). Instead there is hiatus, a glottal stop, or the final vowel is pronounced /-uː/.
 * The final schwa does not trigger linking-R in accents where it usually would (most non-rhotic accents). Instead there is hiatus, a glottal stop, or the final vowel is pronounced /-uː/.

Usage notes

 * This spelling, like any nonstandard spelling, risks appearing very informal. Even when has the pronunciation that  denotes, it is usually spelled going to.
 * , like the pronunciation it denotes, only occurs when going to is a modal verb indicating a future tense (something that is bound to happen or is planned), and not for lexical uses of "going to" (i.e. the verb followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with ). Thus, one says Good, but  is not observed. (In such contexts, I’m going to the mall is said, with going to pronounced more fully, e.g. .) The same is true of other modal verb contractions such as, , or  (e.g. She shoulda come with us but not *She shoulda some patience).

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) skirt

title: gonna


text:
gotta

Etymology 1
Contraction of.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) gout

Noun

 * 1)  nail

Verb

 * 1)  to enjoy oneself (often in a gloating manner)

title: gotta


text:
outta

Preposition

 * 1)  Out of.
 * 2) * "en"

- I'm outta here!

title: outta


text:
outa

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An old black man.

Etymology 2
Variant forms.

Etymology
Said to be a blend of Afrikaans and.

Noun

 * 1) An old black man.

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  forest

title: outa


text:
Appendix:Planets

This table concerns those eight Solar System bodies that are planets according to the IAU definition: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

An ever growing list of planets around other stars can be found in The Extra-Solar Planets Catalog or California & Carnegie Planet Search.

Other classes of objects not considered major planets are found in the Asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, and Oort cloud.

title: Appendix:Planets


text:
Appendix:German verbs

Both regular systems of are classified here—weak verbs like  and strong verbs like —as well as various subgroups and anomalies, including auxiliary verbs (modals) and the irregular verb.

The German strong verbs (, the opposite of German weak verbs). That is, like the English verb, their past tense forms have a different stem from their present tense forms, typically a vowel change (also known as ablaut). Some texts call these “irregular verbs”, although most of them fall into one of six regular conjugation classes.

The German weak verbs (, the opposite of German strong verbs). They are the newest and by far the largest group of German verbs. Their simple past and past participle forms have the same vowel as their present tense forms, using the affixes, , or rather than a stem change. Some texts call these “regular verbs”, although that label is potentially misleading since most strong verbs are also regular.

Conjugation of regular verbs in German
Example:

 * Infinitive: reden

 * Present tense
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich rede
 * Second person: Du redest
 * Third person: er/sie/es redet
 * Plural
 * First person: wir reden
 * Second person: Ihr redet
 * Third person: sie reden

 * Present participle: redend

 * Simple past
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich redete
 * Second person: Du redetest
 * Third person: er/sie/es redete
 * Plural
 * First person: wir redeten
 * Second person: Ihr redetet
 * Third person: sie redeten

 * Future:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich werde reden
 * Second person: Du wirst reden
 * Third person: er/sie/es wird reden
 * Plural
 * First person: wir werden reden
 * Second person: Ihr werdet reden
 * Third person: sie werden reden

 * Conditional I:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich rede
 * Second person: Du redest
 * Third person: er/sie/es rede
 * Plural
 * First person: wir reden
 * Second person: Ihr redet
 * Third person: sie reden

 * Conditional II:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich redete / ich würde reden
 * Second person: Du redetest / Du würdest reden
 * Third person: er/sie/es redete / er/sie/es würde reden
 * Plural
 * First person: wir redeten / wir würden reden
 * Second person: Ihr redetet / Ihr würdet reden
 * Third person: sie redeten / sie würden reden

 * Perfect:
 * Singular
 * First person Ich habe geredet
 * Second person Du hast geredet
 * Third person er/sie/es hat geredet
 * Plural
 * First person wir haben geredet
 * Second person Du hast geredet
 * Third person sie haben geredet

 * Pluperfect: ich hatte geredet

 * Future perfect: Ich werde geredet haben

 * Conditional perfect: Ich würde geredet haben

 * Imperative:
 * Du: rede
 * reden wir
 * Ihr: redet
 * reden Sie

Irregular verbs
Many irregular verbs have properties of both German strong verbs and German weak verbs, e.g. they may have both a stem vowel change and a ending in the imperfective/simple past/preterite tense and in the subjunctive II forms, or both a stem vowel change and a  ending in the past participle.

Conjugation
Example:

 * Infinitive: sein

 * Present tense
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich bin
 * Second person: Du bist
 * Third person: er/sie/es ist
 * Plural
 * First person: wir sind
 * Second person: Ihr seid
 * Third person: sie sind

 * Simple past
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich war
 * Second person: Du warst
 * Third person: er/sie/es war
 * Plural
 * First person: wir waren
 * Second person: Ihr wart
 * Third person: sie waren

 * Future:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich werde sein
 * Second person: Du wirst sein
 * Third person: er/sie/es wird sein
 * Plural
 * First person: wir werden sein
 * Second person: Ihr werdet sein
 * Third person: sie werden sein

 * Conditional I:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich sei
 * Second person: Du seiest
 * Third person: er/sie/es sei
 * Plural
 * First person: wir seien
 * Second person: Ihr seiet
 * Third person: sie seien

 * Conditional II:
 * Singular
 * First person: Ich wäre / ich würde sein
 * Second person: Du wärest / Du würdest sein
 * Third person: er/sie/es wäre / er/sie/es würde sein
 * Plural
 * First person: wir wären / wir würden sein
 * Second person: Ihr wäret / Ihr würdet sein
 * Third person: sie wären / sie würden sein

 * Perfect:
 * Singular
 * First person Ich bin gewesen
 * Second person Du bist gewesen
 * Third person er/sie/es ist gewesen
 * Plural
 * First person wir sind gewesen
 * Second person Du bist gewesen
 * Third person sie sind gewesen

 * Pluperfect: ich war gewesen

 * Future perfect: ich werde gewesen sein

 * Conditional perfect: ich würde gewesen sein

 * Imperative:
 * Du: sei
 * seien wir
 * Ihr: seid
 * seien Sie

title: Appendix:German verbs


text:
Appendix talk:German verbs

Does it make sense like this? There are SO many irregular verbs in German... Does anyone know a rule about which verbs go with "sein" and which with "haben" like "ich bin gekommen" but "ich habe geholt"? Get-back-world-respect 16:11, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:German verbs


text:
Appendix talk:Conjugations

Latin
All the appendices for latin conjugation are missing the whole subjunctive section... maybe someone could fix?

99.226.86.57 02:41, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

-- Does it make sense like this? verba.org already has all thge conjugations in all the languages, we will never make it that far here. And wikibooks already has or plans to have study guides from all languages to all languages, so this here to me seems to be just redundant. Get-back-world-respect 16:22, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Many words, yes. But all words? No. I quickly found that there are a few swedish verbs not in their lists, but I won't do any extensive search for more... \Mike 10:21, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This is not appendix material. Is there a "Grammar" namespace. I think this was discussed before, but I can't remember what the outcome was. Ncik 02:23, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If it were up to me I'd put it in Help: ... but it's not up to me ;) —Muke Tever 11:40, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not help pages stuff. Grammar does not help you navigating through or handling Wiktionary. It is actual content which I think would make sense to include here (also, some print dictionaries do so). One argument againt inclusion (maybe the main argument - I don't remember) at the time was that grammar is Wikipedia's business. Ncik 12:06, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Appendix:Conjugations
If anyone can be bothered, this could do with a 2010 update. But with only three linked pages (and now this one) leaving it alone seems ok too. Mglovesfun (talk) 18:21, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Seems rather redundant to me. People are unlikely to look for something like that when they need information about a specific language. They'd probably look for that language's main appendix first. —CodeCat 19:24, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. —Ruakh TALK 20:53, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oddly enough, I didn't nominate for this for deletion, because it's so orphaned in all namespaces, if we deleted it, nobody might notice. Mglovesfun (talk) 20:55, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Deleted per RFDO. --Bequw → τ 04:07, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Appendix:Conjugations
Five incoming links, none in the mainspace, one from requests for cleanup and one from this page! I can't imagine anyone searching for this; content is mainly red links and redirects. Note: if kept, should go back to rfc. Mglovesfun (talk) 23:10, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Delete. I don't see any good use for this and it takes too much effort to maintain all those pages that list other pages. The same goes for Inflection templates and Conjugation and declension templates to an extent (yes I know I created the latter). —CodeCat 10:31, 12 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Deleted. --Bequw → τ 04:08, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:Conjugations


text:
consummate

Etymology
From, past participle of , from +  (see , ).

Pronunciation

 * Adjective
 * Verb
 * Verb
 * Verb
 * Verb

Adjective

 * 1) Complete in every detail, perfect, absolute.
 * 2) Supremely skilled and experienced; highly accomplished; fully qualified.
 * 3) * 1910, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section IV (originally by )
 * The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, ; thus it is in his power to control success.
 * 1) Supremely skilled and experienced; highly accomplished; fully qualified.
 * 2) * 1910, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section IV (originally by )
 * The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, ; thus it is in his power to control success.
 * 1) Supremely skilled and experienced; highly accomplished; fully qualified.
 * 2) * 1910, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section IV (originally by )
 * The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, ; thus it is in his power to control success.
 * 1) * 1910, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section IV (originally by )
 * The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, ; thus it is in his power to control success.
 * 1) * 1910, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section IV (originally by )
 * The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, ; thus it is in his power to control success.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: voltrek
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, , , , , ,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 完璧な, 完全な
 * Latin: consummātus
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , , , , ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: täysinoppinut,
 * German: hochqualifiziert,, ,
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

Verb

 * 1)  To bring (a task, project, goal etc.) to completion; to accomplish.
 * 2)  To make perfect, achieve, give the finishing touch.
 * 3)  To make (a marriage) complete by engaging in first sexual intercourse.
 * 4)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To make perfect, achieve, give the finishing touch.
 * 2)  To make (a marriage) complete by engaging in first sexual intercourse.
 * 3)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.
 * 1)  To become perfected, receive the finishing touch.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, довеждам докрай
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: viedä päätökseen, viedä loppuun asti
 * French:
 * German:, , , , fertig bringen, , zu Ende bringen,
 * Italian: complere,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: dovrhuniti
 * Spanish:

 * Afrikaans: volvoer
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: tulla mieheksi ja vaimoksi
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

 * Estonian:
 * Japanese:, ,

title: consummate


text:
honeymoon

Etymology
From earlier, originally denoting the period of time following a wedding, equivalent to 🇰🇲. The original reference was to affection waning like the moon, but later the sense became "the first month, or moon after marriage", which tends to be the sweetest.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The 🇨🇬 is a calque of, itself a calque of the English term.

Noun

 * 1) The period of time immediately following a marriage.
 * 2) A trip taken by a newly married couple during this period.
 * 3) A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
 * 1) A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
 * 1) A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
 * 1) A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
 * 1) A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with honey moon.

Translations

 * Arabic: شَهْر عَسَل
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: Lluna de miel
 * Azerbaijani: evliliyin ilk ayı
 * Basque: eztei-bidaia
 * Belarusian: мядо́вы ме́сяц
 * Bulgarian: ме́ден ме́сец
 * Catalan: lluna de mel
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: miela monato, mielmonato
 * Estonian: mesinädalad
 * Faroese: fyrsta hjúnalagstíðin, hunangsmánaður
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თაფლობისთვე
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: hveitibrauðsdagar
 * Ido: mieltempo
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: mí na meala
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kazakh: бал айы
 * Korean:, ,
 * Latvian: medus mēnesis
 * Macedonian: меден месец
 * Malay: bulan madu, بولن مادو
 * Maltese: qamar il-għasel
 * Maori: hanimunu
 * Norman: leune dé myi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hvetebrødsdager
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: lua de mel
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: mìos nam pòg
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: медени месец, медени мјесец
 * Roman: medeni mesec, medeni mjesec
 * Slovak: medové týždne
 * Slovene: medeni mesec, medeni tedni
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pulot-gata
 * Turkish:, cicimayı
 * Ukrainian: медо́вий мі́сяць
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük: primagloravigs, primagloramuls, matedatäv
 * Welsh: mis mêl

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: bal ayı
 * Basque: ezkon bidaia
 * Belarusian: вясе́льнае падаро́жжа, мядо́вы ме́сяц
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 蜜月旅行
 * Czech: svatební cesta
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: mielmonato, nuptovojaĝo
 * Estonian: pulmareis
 * Faroese: brúdleypsferð
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: mieltempo
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: mí na meala
 * Italian: viaggio di nozze
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: бал айы
 * Korean:, 신혼려행(新婚旅行)
 * Macedonian: свадбено патување
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: bryllupsreise
 * Nynorsk: bryllaupsreis, bryllaupsreise
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: lua de mel
 * Russian: сва́дебное путеше́ствие,
 * Scottish Gaelic: mìos nam pòg
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: брачно путовање
 * Roman: bračno putovanje
 * Slovak: svadobná cesta
 * Spanish: viaje de novios,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: весі́льна по́дорож, медо́вий мі́сяць
 * Welsh: mis mêl

 * Armenian:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: mesinädalad
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian:

 * Esperanto:

Verb

 * 1) To have a honeymoon (a trip taken by a couple after wedding).
 * My parents honeymooned at Niagara falls.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Malay: berbulan madu
 * Maori: hanimunu
 * Turkish: balayına gitmek

title: honeymoon


text:
mead

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) An alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water.
 * 2)  A drink composed of syrup of sarsaparilla or other flavouring extract, and water, and sometimes charged with carbon dioxide.
 * 1)  A drink composed of syrup of sarsaparilla or other flavouring extract, and water, and sometimes charged with carbon dioxide.
 * 1)  A drink composed of syrup of sarsaparilla or other flavouring extract, and water, and sometimes charged with carbon dioxide.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: heuningbier
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: бал
 * Basque: ezti-ur
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Classical Nahuatl: āyōneuctli
 * Crimean Tatar: bal
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: mõdu
 * Faroese: mjøður
 * Finnish: hunajaviini,
 * French: ,
 * Galician: augamel,
 * Georgian: თაფლუჭი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὑδρόμελι
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: meá
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: はちみつ酒, ミード
 * Korean: 꿀술,
 * Latin: mulsa, hydromel
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: медо́вина
 * Malagasy:
 * Manx: milljag
 * Maori: pia honi
 * Middle English: mede
 * Nahuatl: aoctli
 * Nandi: kipketin
 * Norman: baûtchet, vitoué
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: mjød
 * Nynorsk: mjød
 * Old English: medu
 * Old Irish: mid
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: мёд (пи́тный),
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: meadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: медовина
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: medovina
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: agwamyel
 * Turkish: bal şarabı
 * Udmurt: мусур
 * Ukrainian: медовуха
 * Volapük: mielavin, meed
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: מעד

Etymology 2
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A meadow.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) meadow

title: mead


text:
composing

Adjective

 * 1) Conducive of a composed state, relaxing.

title: composing


text:
dinheiro

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  A  used from the 12th to the 15th century in.

Etymology
From, from , an alteration of. .

Noun

 * 1)  money means of exchange and measure of value
 * 2)  a coin used from the 12th to the 15th century in Portugal
 * 1)  a coin used from the 12th to the 15th century in Portugal

Descendants

 * Kadiwéu:

title: dinheiro


text:
Appendix:Catalan irregular verbs

There is a rather large number of irregular verbs in Catalan. This page lists those verbs, along with a description of the points where their inflection differs from the usual/regular form.

Many irregular verbs have only an irregular past participle, but are otherwise completely regular. To avoid cluttering up the list with these verbs, they are listed separately.

With irregular past participle
Only one first conjugation verb has an irregular past participle,, and it is only optionally irregular. The regular form may be used, but alternatively the past participle of  is borrowed for this verb as well.

donar
The verb is completely regular, at least in standard speech. Its second and third person singular present forms can be confused in writing with the noun, plural , but not in spoken language of native speakers as the noun has [ˈɔ] and the verb has [ˈo] (see dona). For that reason, extra redundant accent used to be placed (until 2016 spelling reform) on those verbal forms:,.

NB In some spoken dialects, e.g. Central Catalan, there are some forms of this very frequent verb mingled with the model of the verbs of second conjugation with velar infix; present indicative: donc, dons, etc; present subjunctive: dongui, donguis, etc

dar
The obsolescent verb is regular, but its conjugation is defective - it does not have a full set of forms. All forms that would have an unstressed ending in a normal -ar verb are missing from this verb, and suppleted by the forms of donar.

NB The mingling of the paradigms of the verbs dar and donar is described in different stages in different dictionaries. E.g. AVL does list imperative form da, dem, deu while IEC does not.

anar
is suppletive. All forms that would have an unstressed ending in a normal -ar verb, instead use a different root altogether, va-. These forms themselves are irregular in their own right, as well:
 * The present tense forms drop the vowel of the ending: vas, va, van.
 * The 1st person singular present and the present subjunctive use the stem vaj-: vaig, vagi, vagis, vagin.
 * The 2nd person singular imperative is different altogether: vés.

In addition to this, the stem that is used to form the future and conditional forms is not anar-, but instead the irregular anir-.

NB This very frequent verb as used as auxiliary to form periphrastic past has different forms vam, vau for indicative present first person plural and second person plural.

NB In some spoken dialects, e.g. Central Catalan, this verb as auxiliary to form periphrastic past has the analogic forms vem, veu instead on vam, vau.

estar
The present tense of has the stress on the ending rather than on the e: estàs, està, estan. The 1st person singular present, the preterite, and both subjunctive tenses have a velar stem, estig- (which becomes estic in the first due to devoicing, and estigu- before e or i). There are no imperative forms, instead forms based on the subjunctive are used.

With irregular past participle
The regular past participle ending is -ut, but there are so many irregular forms that it isn't actually that frequent. For velar-infix stems (ending in -l and -n) and vowel stems, the usual ending is -gut, but it is rarer still.

The following verbs have velar-infix stems, but past participles ending in -ut.

The following verbs do not have velar-infix stems, but still have past participles ending in -gut, or have an irregular stem.

The following verbs have past participles ending in -scut.

The following verbs have past participles ending in -t attached directly to the stem, which may lose its final consonant. (This -t does not become -d- in the feminine.)

The following verbs have past participles ending in -s, which usually causes the preceding consonant to disappear or change.

Irregular infinitive
The following verbs have an infinitive ending in stressed -er or in just -r. Most of these verbs have an alternative, more regular infinitive, which may be more or less frequently used than the irregular one. Note that in the case of infinitives in stressed -er, the future and conditional are formed based on the "regular" alternative infinitive form.

With alternating stem vowel
The following verbs have e when the stem vowel is stressed, a when it is not stressed. This alternation only occurs in Eastern Catalan (which includes the Catalan of most of Catalonia and the Balears). In Western Catalan (including Valencian), the verbs have only a.

tenir and venir

 * Model verb:
 * Template:

The verbs and  appear to belong to the third conjugation, because their infinitives end in -ir. Indeed, the present tense (apart from the 1st person singular) and the imperfect tense are conjugated as in the third conjugation (without -eix-). However, in all other forms, these verbs and their derivatives conjugate as if their infinitives were and, like the second conjugation. Because their stems end in -n, they have a velar infix as well.

The difference between the verbs along with their derivatives is in the 2nd, 3rd person singular and 3rd person plural indicative, as well as the 2nd person imperative. These may or may not have an accent on the -e. The 3rd person singular indicative and 2nd person singular imperative may also retain or drop the final -n of the stem. The singular imperative of venir itself is unique:.

With irregular past participle
There are two main types of irregular past participle. These irregularities also occur in the second conjugation.

The following verbs have past participles ending in -t attached directly to the stem, which may get an extra -e- before the final consonant.

The following verbs have past participles ending in -s, which usually causes the preceding consonant to disappear or change.

With alternating stem vowel
The following verbs have u and i when the stem vowel is stressed, o and e(i) when it is not stressed.

title: Appendix:Catalan irregular verbs


text:
hiragana

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.
 * 2) A letter of this syllabary.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Hijazi Arabic: هيراقانا
 * Armenian: հիրագանա
 * Belarusian: хіра́гана, хірага́на
 * Bulgarian: хирагана
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ჰირაგანა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: היראגאנה
 * Hindi: हीरागाना
 * Indonesian: hiragana
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: хирагана
 * Malay: hiragana
 * Marathi: हिरागाना
 * Mongolian: хирагана
 * Persian: هیراگانا
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: хирагана
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: хіра́ґана, хіраґа́на
 * Vietnamese:, chữ mềm

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hiragana syllabary
 * 2) hiragana letter of the syllabary

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  Japanese syllabary

Etymology
From.

title: hiragana


text:
wanton

Etymology 1
From, , , , from + , , from , , past participle of , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1)  Undisciplined, unruly; not able to be controlled.
 * 2)  Playful, sportive; merry or carefree.
 * 3) Lewd, immoral; sexually open, unchaste.
 * 4) Capricious, reckless of morality, justice etc.; acting without regard for the law or the well-being of others; gratuitous.
 * 5)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.
 * 1) Lewd, immoral; sexually open, unchaste.
 * 2) Capricious, reckless of morality, justice etc.; acting without regard for the law or the well-being of others; gratuitous.
 * 3)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.
 * 1) Capricious, reckless of morality, justice etc.; acting without regard for the law or the well-being of others; gratuitous.
 * 2)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.
 * 1)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.
 * 1)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.
 * 1)  Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.

Synonyms

 * see Thesaurus:wanton

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: indisciprinado
 * German:, , unbeherrscht,
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: бу́ен, па́лав
 * Polish:, nieposkromiony,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician: escachado,, cascudo, desenfurriñado
 * German:, ,
 * Macedonian: ве́сел, и́грив, бе́згрижен
 * Spanish:, juguetón

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, rietas,
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician: lúbrico, godalleiro, burdallo, bagaxa
 * German:, unkeusch
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀσελγής
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Irish: macnasach, teaspúil
 * Latin: petulcus, cupidus
 * Macedonian: ра́спуштен
 * Portuguese:, impúdico
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: lössläppt,
 * Turkish: ,

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician: vertolán, degoxón, carrapicheiro, inchafoles
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese: 悪意のある
 * Macedonian: свое́волен
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: desaprensivo,
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: gadal, mico,, rixoso, burdallo
 * Latin: luxuriosus
 * Macedonian: ра́скошен
 * Spanish: inmoderado, autoindulgente, ,

 * Polish:

Noun

 * 1) A pampered or coddled person.
 * 2) An overly playful person; a trifler.
 * 3) A self-indulgent person, fond of excess.
 * 4)  A lewd or immoral person, especially a prostitute.
 * 1) A self-indulgent person, fond of excess.
 * 2)  A lewd or immoral person, especially a prostitute.
 * 1) A self-indulgent person, fond of excess.
 * 2)  A lewd or immoral person, especially a prostitute.

Translations

 * Finnish:

 * Afrikaans:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: свавольнікі
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: შემზარავი
 * German: boshaftes Kind, ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: несташна дијете
 * Roman: nestašna dijete

 * Greek:
 * Ancient: μαχλάς
 * Macedonian: развра́тница, ра́звратник

Verb

 * 1)  To rove and ramble without restraint, rule, or limit; to revel; to play loosely; to frolic.
 * 2)  To waste or squander, especially in pleasure (most often with away).
 * The young man wantoned away his inheritance.
 * 1) * 1660,, diary entry for 28April, 1660, in Henry B. Wheatley (ed.), The Diary of Samuel Pepys, London: George Bell, 1905, Volume 8, p.290,
 * with this money the King shall wanton away his time in pleasures
 * 1) * 1948, (as Robert Standish), Elephant Walk, New York: Macmillan, 1949, Chapter 15, p.214,
 * If either of us felt the respect for George that you imply by your manner, you know perfectly well that we wouldn’t have wantoned away the day as we have.
 * 1)  To act wantonly; to be lewd or lascivious.
 * 1) * 1660,, diary entry for 28April, 1660, in Henry B. Wheatley (ed.), The Diary of Samuel Pepys, London: George Bell, 1905, Volume 8, p.290,
 * with this money the King shall wanton away his time in pleasures
 * 1) * 1948, (as Robert Standish), Elephant Walk, New York: Macmillan, 1949, Chapter 15, p.214,
 * If either of us felt the respect for George that you imply by your manner, you know perfectly well that we wouldn’t have wantoned away the day as we have.
 * 1)  To act wantonly; to be lewd or lascivious.
 * If either of us felt the respect for George that you imply by your manner, you know perfectly well that we wouldn’t have wantoned away the day as we have.
 * 1)  To act wantonly; to be lewd or lascivious.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:harlotize

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Macedonian: па́лави

 * Bulgarian: разточителствам
 * Finnish: ,
 * Russian:

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  wonton

title: wanton


text:
synonyymi

Noun

 * 1) synonym, as a word meaning the same as another word.

title: synonyymi


text:
User:Mats Halldin~enwiktionary

I'm a regular on sv:

/ Mats Halldin 00:41, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Mats Halldin~enwiktionary


text:
User:Dwindrim~enwiktionary

Another user page. Sigh... Oops - so sorry - didn't see you there! How are you today? It's so lovely to have you here. Let me take your coat! Would you care for a tea? I've just brewed a fresh pot of cat. Wait, wait, come back! You've forgotten your coat!! Oh dear..

title: User:Dwindrim~enwiktionary


text:
slovo

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) word distinct unit of language
 * 2) word promise

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) word

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) letter letter of the alphabet
 * 2)  speech, sermon
 * 3)  word

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) word
 * 2) speech
 * 3) promise

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) farewell, departure
 * 2)  word
 * 3)  letter

title: slovo


text:
helluva

Etymology
Written form of a reduction (relaxed pronunciation) of.

Adjective

 * 1)  (A) hell of a; extreme.

Adverb

 * 1) ; (expletive) (A) hell of a; extremely or very.

Related terms

 * hella, helluv

Translations

 * Swedish: sjujäkla, sjujävla

title: helluva


text:
profeta

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) prophetic

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

Adjective

 * 1)  of or relating to Porto Santo

Noun

 * 1) native or inhabitant of Porto Santo

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) prophet

title: profeta


text:
arqueiro

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from, alteration of , from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) archer; bowman

Etymology
From, alteration of , from.

Noun

 * 1) archer; bowman

Related terms

 * arco
 * baesteiro

Etymology
From, from , alteration of , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  archer; bowman soldier armed with a bow
 * 2)  archer person who practices the sport of archery
 * 3)  goalkeeper player who guards the goal
 * 1)  goalkeeper player who guards the goal

title: arqueiro


text:
debauchery

Etymology
From, 1640s.

Noun

 * 1) Indulgence in sensual pleasures; scandalous activities involving sex, alcohol, or drugs without inhibition.
 * 2)  Seduction from duty.

Translations

 * Arabic:, إِغْوَاء, فُسُوق
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: распуста
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, llibertinatge
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech: zhýralost, hýření,, nezřízenost
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: diboĉo
 * Farefare: yalsɩ
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German:, Schwelgerei, , Sittenlosigkeit, , ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: הוֹלֵלוּת
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, , viziosità, , ,
 * Japanese:, 漁色, , ,
 * Macedonian: разврат
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , safadeza
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovene: razuzdanost
 * Spanish:, puterío
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: розпуста

title: debauchery


text:
Belgrade

Etymology
From, from and , ultimately from South Slavic forms of  and , after the white walls of its medieval fortress. .

Proper noun

 * 1)  The Serbian or Yugoslav government.
 * 1)  The Serbian or Yugoslav government.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Belgrado
 * Albanian:, Beograd , Beligrat
 * Amharic: ቤልግሬድ
 * Arabic: بِلْغْرَاد, بِلْجْرَاد
 * Hijazi Arabic: بلْقْراد
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: Biligrad
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Cyrillic:
 * Belarusian: Бялгра́д
 * Bengali: বেল্গ্রেড
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ဘဲလ်ဂရိတ်မြို့
 * Carpathian Rusyn: Белеґрад, Белград, Белеград
 * Catalan: Belgrad
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 貝爾格萊德
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Beograd, Belgrad
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Beogrado
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: Beograd
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ბელგრადი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: בֶּלְגְּרָד
 * Hindi: बेलग्रेड, बैलग्रेड, बॅलग्रेड, बॅलग्राद
 * Hungarian:, , Landorfehérvár
 * Icelandic: Belgrad, Belgrað
 * Irish: Béalgrád
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: Белград
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: Belgrad
 * Kyrgyz: Белград
 * Lao: ເບນກາດ
 * Latin: Belgradum, Belogradum, Alba Bulgarica, Alba Graeca, Singidunum
 * Latvian: Belgrada
 * Lithuanian: Belgradas
 * Macedonian:
 * Maltese: Belgrad
 * Marathi: बेलग्रेड
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Белград
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, Belgrad
 * Ottoman Turkish: بلغراد
 * Pashto: بېلګراد
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, Białygród
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਬੀਲਗਰਾਡ
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Бе̏оград
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Belehrad
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Běłogrod
 * Upper Sorbian: Běłohród
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Belgrado
 * Tajik: Белград
 * Tamil: பெல்கிரேடு
 * Tatar: Белград
 * Thai: เบลเกรด
 * Tibetan: བེལ་གེ་རེ་ཌི
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: Belgrad
 * Ukrainian:, Бєлгра́д, Белґра́д, Бєлґра́д, , Білґра́д
 * Urdu: بلغراد, بلگراد
 * Uyghur: بېلگراد
 * Uzbek: Belgrad
 * Vietnamese: Bê-ô-grát
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: בעלגראַד

title: Belgrade


text:
τόξο

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  bow, longbow

title: τόξο


text:
Talk:Belgrade

"Etymology From Slavic words beli or beo, meaning white and grad meaning city or town. It was named after the white wall of the fortress that enclosed the city."

- the other theory is that "Beli" (or "beo") -back in the time the city got that name - standed for "west", so beo+grad would be western+city. That's because Slavs were comming from the East, so they viewed it as western city.

title: Talk:Belgrade


text:
あ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Common exclamatory sound made by people of various cultures around the world.

Interjection

 * 1)  Ah! Oh!

Etymology 4
From. The short form of.

Fell into disuse in roughly the, when it was replaced by.

Pronoun

 * 1)  first-person personal pronoun: I, me

Etymology 5
→

Shift in pronunciation from. Appears from the.

Pronoun

 * 1)  that, yon

Noun

 * 1)  foot

Noun

 * 1)  ridge between rice fields; ridge between groves

Etymology 8
Alternative spelling of, the form of  or , with the  omitted in writing

Verb

 * 1)  to be, to exist

title: あ


text:
い

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Corruption of emphatic particle or exclamatory particle.

Etymology 3
From. Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬 nominal particle.

Used in 🇨🇬, still found in use in Chinese works annotated for Japanese readers of Early Middle Japanese in the early Heian period, then becoming more limited and appearing only in specialized Buddhist texts. Fallen into disuse by the late Heian period from the time of so-called “cloistered rule”.

Obsolete. Not used in modern Japanese.

Particle

 * 1)  emphatic subject marker, added to nouns and verb stems
 * 2) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 6)
 * 3) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 12)
 * 4) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 34)
 * 5)  emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase
 * 1) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 6)
 * 2) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 12)
 * 3) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 34)
 * 4)  emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase
 * 1) * 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 34)
 * 2)  emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase
 * 1)  emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase

Etymology 3
An extension of use of the -i ending on adjectives.

Suffix

 * : -ic; -al

Etymology 5
From various Japonic origins.

title: い


text:
う

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ →  → (fused with the  ending in the preceding verb stem)  →

From. See the entry at for more information.

Suffix

 * 1)  to try to do; to attempt to do
 * 2)  to be about to do; to be on the verge of doing
 * 3)  whether … or …
 * 1)  to try to do; to attempt to do
 * 2)  to be about to do; to be on the verge of doing
 * 3)  whether … or …
 * 1)  to try to do; to attempt to do
 * 2)  to be about to do; to be on the verge of doing
 * 3)  whether … or …
 * 1)  whether … or …
 * 1)  whether … or …
 * 1)  whether … or …
 * 1)  whether … or …
 * 1)  whether … or …

Usage notes
Attaches by changing the -u of godan verbs to -ō (spelled -ou in modern kana, -au in historical kana). The polite auxiliary -masu changes to -mashō (spelled -mashou in modern kana, -maseu in historical kana). The Tokyo accent falls on the penultimate mora regardless of the underlying verb.

The volitional form of ichidan and irregular verbs are formed with instead of.

This ending also attaches to adjectives and negative forms of verbs but the meaning is restricted to the conjectural sense. To express volition not to do something you can use the ending or express it in another way:  or.

In traditional Japanese grammar, this is a attaching to the. The ending itself has the sole form as its  and. Morphologically, this is an uninflecting inflectional suffix whose proper shape is (-ō), attaching to the stem of consonant-stem verbs.

Usage notes
This form of adjectives is now restricted to western Japan. In the standard language it is used in super-polite language before and, and also in fossilized words like.

title: う


text:
え

Etymology 1
.

title: え


text:
お

Etymology 1
.

Interjection

 * 1)  yes, alright, okay

Noun

 * 1)  a sign used in some books
 * 2)  tail, brush, train
 * 3)  hill; peak
 * 4)  fish
 * 5)  the hemp or ramie plant; thread or yarn made from fibers derived from the bark of hemp or ramie stems
 * 6)  man, male
 * 7)  cord

Prefix

 * 1)  small
 * 2)  honorific prefix to make a word polite

title: お


text:
さ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Cognate with.

Pronoun

 * 1) third person personal pronoun; they
 * 2) * c. late 10th century Taketori Monogatari

Etymology 3
From.

Suffix

 * 1) -ness

Usage notes

 * Used with na-adjectives and i-adjectives.
 * Has a different connotation from . See that entry for explanation.

Usage notes
As a male sentence-ending particle, less strong than or.

Particle

 * 1)  to

title: さ


text:
す

Etymology 1
.

Pronunciation

 * During the period from through, the pronunciation may have ranged between  and .  There are some  spellings that use , deriving from 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
From. Found in the ' of 712, and included in the ' with the phonetic  spelling. In turn, from.

Noun

 * 1)  nest, hive, den

Etymology 3
From, from. Ultimate derivation.
 * Perhaps a native Japanese term, with the su reading somehow related to the way that very sour things cause one to pucker.
 * Alternatively, from . Borrowed earlier (vinegar was historically introduced to Japan in the 300-400s from China) than the systematic introduction of kanji, thus later mistaken as a native Japanese term. Compare modern 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  vinegar

Derived terms

 * : sour
 * : sour
 * : sour
 * ,, : sushi
 * : sweet-and-sour pork

Idioms

 * : “vinegar is excessive, too much vinegar” → doing too much, being excessive
 * : “cutting something with vinegar and swallowing it down” → in reference with the ease of cutting a fish, dipping it in vinegar, and eating it: doing something very simple
 * , : “by vinegar or by cooking wine”, “by vinegar or by konjac” → something that cannot be done in the usual fashion, or cannot be done easily
 * , : “with regard to vinegar and flour”, “about vinegar and flour” → about something, about various things; from time to time
 * ,, , : “about/in vinegar and flour”, “about/in vinegar and salt”, “about/in vinegar and octopus”, “about/in vinegar and miso” → about anything, in anything
 * , : “of vinegar, of flour”, “of vinegar, of konjac” → of anything, belonging to anything
 * , : “to buy vinegar”, “to beg vinegar” → to lose goodwill through excessive sycophancy, to anger someone by saying more than one should; to agitate or instigate, to stir things up

Etymology 4
From.

Possibly a loanword from.

Noun

 * 1)  sandbank, sandbar

Etymology 5
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to do
 * 2)  to cause, become

Etymology 6
The original form of the causative ending. Ultimately cognate with, the ancient form of modern.

In a modern synchronic analysis, sometimes analyzed as a

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to do
 * 2) to happen, occur
 * 3) to be in a state of something
 * 1) to be in a state of something

Descendants

 * Kagoshima dialect:
 * Kagoshima dialect:

Etymology 2
Attaches to of  and  verbs.

Etymology 3
Possibly cognate with modern 🇨🇬.

title: す


text:
そ

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  ten
 * 2)  clothing
 * 3)  back
 * 4)  hemp
 * 5)  rocky beach
 * 6)  ancestor
 * 1)  ancestor
 * 1)  ancestor

title: そ


text:
た

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From, the of the classical auxiliary verb , in turn a contraction of , from  +.

of.

Usage notes
This suffix follows the forms of certain part of speech classes, some of which cause the suffix  to be voiced as :

 * In Standard Japanese the -ta form of is, and the -ta form of  and  follows the Kansai forms,  and.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.
 * In traditional Japanese grammar, this word has the following inflections:, used to form the past conjectural suffix , and  , used to form the conditional suffix  or . Modern linguistic analyses usually consider -ta, -tarō, and -tara(ba) three different suffixes.

Etymology 4
→

Etymology 5
→    →

Appears in noh and kyogen texts.

Contraction of any Sino-Japanese-derived term ending in a -t̚  or  + particle.

Etymology 1
From.

Pronoun

 * 1)  who

Etymology 2
Very likely from ; compare (whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) a sake, reason
 * 2) * 749,  ( 1, first day of the fourth lunar month)
 * , text here
 * , text here

Usage notes

 * Takes either the particle or.

title: た


text:
ち

Etymology 1
.

title: ち


text:
crossbow

Etymology
From, , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A mechanised weapon, based on the bow and arrow, that shoots bolts.
 * 2) A portable ballista that can be held in the hand.

Translations

 * Ahom: 𑜀𑜂𑜫
 * Arabic: قَوْس إفْرَنْجِيَّة* Asturian: ballesta
 * Basque: balezta
 * Belarusian: арбале́т, самастрэ́л
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Buryat: һаали
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: arbalesto
 * Estonian: amb, vibupüss, arbalett, pandpüss
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: Armbruscht
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γαστραφέτης
 * Hebrew: קשת מוצלבת
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: lásbogi
 * Irish: crosbhogha
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Jarai: hraŏ
 * Kazakh: арбалет
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Lao: ໜ້າໄມ້
 * Latin: disputed, possibly arcuballista or manuballista; Mediaeval arballista
 * Latvian:, arbalets
 * Lithuanian: arbaletas
 * Lü: ᦂᦱᧂᧈ, ᦒᦓᦴ, ᦡᧄᦺᦙᧉ
 * Luxembourgish: Fitschebou, Aarmbroscht
 * Macedonian: са́мострел, та́тарник
 * Malagasy:
 * Maltese: qaws mimdud
 * Marathi: क्रॉसबो
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: armbrøst
 * Nynorsk: armbrøst
 * Occitan: arcbalesta,
 * Old Galician-Portuguese: baesta
 * Ottoman Turkish: زنبرك, چرخ
 * Persian: کمان زنبورکی
 * Polish:, samostrzał
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: balester, ballester , balaister
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: crois-bhogha
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: куша, самострел, стреломет
 * Roman:, samostrel, strelomet
 * Shan:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: samostrel
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: prokawa
 * Upper Sorbian: prokawa
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pasulo, balyesta
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish: tatar yayı,
 * Ukrainian:, самострі́л
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: bwa croes
 * White Hmong: hneev
 * Yiddish:
 * Zhuang:

title: crossbow


text:
つ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→

From. According to one theory, shortened from.

Usage notes

 * . Attaches to the of a verb.
 * is mainly used with transitive verbs while is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology 3
→

From.

There were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like, , , , etc.

Yamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬). However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as, ,.

Usage notes
A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the possessive marker tsu:

Etymology 4
From.

Counter

 * 1) suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ..., kokono-, used to count almost anything

Noun

 * 1)  harbor, port; ferry

Proper noun

 * 1)  a place name

Noun

 * 1)  saliva, spit

Etymology 7
Probably from kaomoji such as (´･ω･)つ旦, which represents serving tea.

title: つ


text:
て

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From the  of the classical auxiliary verb.

Suffix

 * 1) ; and
 * 2) ; do something and
 * 3) ; because doing something
 * 4) ; do something but
 * 1) ; do something and
 * 2) ; because doing something
 * 3) ; do something but
 * 1) ; do something but
 * 1) ; do something but

Usage notes

 * In Standard Japanese the -te form of is.
 * The Kansai forms are also literary. In Standard Japanese they are mandatory for the two verbs and.
 * When the indicates method or state,  +  becomes  instead of the regular :
 * In formal writing, is not used when simply indicating a series of actions or states. Instead, the  is used for all but the last action or state, and  (which becomes ) is replaced by.
 * As both the  form and the / form connect clauses together, they are usually interchangeable. They each serve specific grammatical purposes as follows:
 * When two verbs are closely related in context, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both controllable in nature, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both uncontrollable in nature, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both controllable in nature, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both uncontrollable in nature, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both uncontrollable in nature, must be used.
 * When two verbs are both uncontrollable in nature, must be used.
 * This word is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar. In modern linguistics, it is an inflectional suffix, and “ + ” is usually called the gerund, a term used for subordinate adverbial verb forms in the description of many languages such as Dutch, Italian and Russian. For Japanese this nomenclature is found first in the works of Portuguese missionaries such as the  and continues to be used to this day. In Japanese materials adopting the modern linguistic analysis, this form is simply called the.

title: て


text:
と

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ * →

From, from.

Particle

 * 1)  with
 * 2)  and
 * can be attached to both nouns, but this is no longer common. Compare, which also used to have this phenomenon.
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) if
 * 2) when
 * 1) when
 * 1) when
 * 1) when
 * 1) when

Usage notes

 * in the sense of "and" can only be used to conjoin nouns; not verbs or sentences. They are joined by conjugation.
 * in the sense of "and" implies that the list is complete. In the above sentence, the subject only speaks English and French. To imply other items, the particles or  are used in lieu of . The particle  can be appended to a list of nouns conjoined by  to imply that there are other items on the list.
 * in the sense of "if" can be interchangeable with the conditional particles and / if the conditionals describe a hypothetical effect of an action.
 * When is used in the meaning "when" it implies that the action following と happened abruptly. See.

Noun

 * : a promoted that moves like a

title: と


text:
な

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Probably derived from mild emphatic interjection and sentence-final particle, itself from , indicating a general sense of admiration or consideration, or hope that the preceding statement comes to pass.

Usage notes
Often used when you are speaking to yourself, and can be considered less formal than the agreement-asking particle.

Etymology 3
→ →

From. Originally an abbreviation of +.

Usage notes
The older form is still used to impart a more formal, archaic, or poetic sense.

Etymology 4
From. Probably the root na of the negative adjective. An alternative theory is that this is the imperfective conjugation of negative auxiliary verb.

First cited to the  of 720.

Particle

 * 1)    don't

Usage notes
Considered very informal and potentially brusque depending on tone of voice. This would never be used in polite conversation, where the construction ～ないで would be used instead, appended to the imperfective stem of the verb in question. Examples:
 * Addressing close friends, children, or possibly subordinates:
 * Addressing anyone else:
 * Addressing anyone else:

Etymology 5
Clipping of polite imperative auxiliary verb form.

Suffix

 * 1)   do

Usage notes

 * A casual way of issuing commands; not as rough as the imperative conjugation of a verb.
 * Usage is restricted to addressing friends, children, or subordinates.
 * In spoken Japanese, the prohibitive na and the imperative na are also differentiated by pitch accent patterns. For prohibitive na, the pitch on the suffix follows the pitch on the verb stem; and for imperative na, the pitch is higher than on the verb stem.
 * In spoken Japanese, the prohibitive na and the imperative na are also differentiated by pitch accent patterns. For prohibitive na, the pitch on the suffix follows the pitch on the verb stem; and for imperative na, the pitch is higher than on the verb stem.

Synonyms
Roughly in order of politeness:

Etymology 6
The readings of various kanji, as derived from native Japonic roots.

Etymology 7
The readings of various kanji, as borrowed from Chinese.

Etymology 1
Possibly cognate with modern 🇨🇬.

Listed in various sources as the na portion in the term, with the na described as meaning. However, there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.

Noun

 * 1)  a blade, edge
 * , text here
 * [Note: turugi₁-tati (literally “double-edged longsword”) is a pillow word establishing a poetic association with the following na, literally meaning or  and alluding to sharpness and importance. This na could also elliptically mean   or even  depending on context, based on the homophonic readings.]
 * [Note: turugi₁-tati (literally “double-edged longsword”) is a pillow word establishing a poetic association with the following na, literally meaning or  and alluding to sharpness and importance. This na could also elliptically mean   or even  depending on context, based on the homophonic readings.]

Noun

 * 1) middle
 * A son of Kinmei Tennō.
 * A son of Kinmei Tennō.
 * A son of Kinmei Tennō.
 * A son of Kinmei Tennō.
 * A son of Kinmei Tennō.

Etymology 3
Possibly an apophonic form of, from assimilation with adjacency to vowels such as a or u. Usage is mostly restricted to fixed expressions like, due to such assimilation.

suggests that this may instead be a plural marker, which is supported by some terms changing due to rendaku, typically a contraction of -no₂- or -ni-.

Etymology 4
Various other terms.

Noun

 * 1)  name
 * 2)  written character
 * 3)  side dish, especially fish, greens, etc.

Pronoun

 * 1)   I, me;  you, thou
 * 2)   one, oneself, itself

title: な


text:
に

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From, from.

Particle

 * 1) ; to
 * 2) ; in, at
 * 3) ; toward, into
 * 4) ; by
 * 5) ; at
 * 6) ; and
 * 7) ; in
 * 8) ; for; to
 * 9) ; -ly
 * °N, °W
 * 1) ; at
 * 2) ; and
 * 3) ; in
 * 4) ; for; to
 * 5) ; -ly
 * °N, °W
 * 1) ; for; to
 * 2) ; -ly
 * °N, °W
 * 1) ; -ly
 * °N, °W
 * 1) ; -ly
 * °N, °W

Synonyms

 * : to; toward
 * In the sense indicating destination, the particles and  are often interchangeable, though there is a slight difference of connotation or emphasis.  emphasizes the journey to the destination, while  emphasizes the arrival or entering it. The distinction is not quite the same as between  and ;  is usually best translated as to because, unlike , can refer to the journey in addition to the arrival or entering the destination.

Suffix

 * 1)  taking after

title: に


text:
ぬ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Originally the of Classical Japanese negative suffix. In modern Japanese, the (lemma, originally ) assimilated to. In turn, from. For further detail, see.

Suffix

 * : not

Usage notes

 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Conjugation

 * For classical conjugation, see.

Etymology 3
From.

Many monolingual Japanese dictionaries  derive this as a contraction of 🇨🇬; however, the meaning does not seem to make sense in the context of the verb ending -nu.

More recent work by and others suggests that -nu may have originated from an ancient copular or stative verb.

Suffix

 * : has done, has happened
 * 1) * 1943, 土井晩翠譯『オヂュッセーア』第十九歌
 * 1) * 1943, 土井晩翠譯『オヂュッセーア』第十九歌

Usage notes

 * In 🇨🇬 and continuing in classical and later Japanese, the ending and the ending  have both been used to mark the completion of an action.  was used mainly for verbs that indicated intransitive, naturally occurring, or unintentional actions, while  was used mainly for verbs that indicated transitive or intentional actions.  In the shift to modern Japanese, this distinction was lost, and Classical  developed into modern.
 * In classical Japanese, perfective conjugates differently from negative   as shown in the following table:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! !! Negative  !! Perfective ! Attaches to verb stem conjugated to → ! Conjugates to ↓ || || ! Irrealis / ! Continuative / ! Terminal / ! Attributive / ! Realis / ! Imperative /
 * Irrealis / || Continuative /
 * }
 * In modern Japanese, is rarely encountered, and it often imparts a formal or archaic sense.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * : of, -'s
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.

Usage notes

 * is used for personal names or pronouns, is used otherwise. See  for details.

Etymology
The conjugation of this auxiliary verb appears to follow that of a defective n-row paradigm rather than a  paradigm, despite the fact that there was never an n-row  paradigm.

Notably, this verb has no attested ; uses and conjugations off of are seen instead. This verb also has no attested.

Suffix

 * 1) expresses negation; not
 * 1) expresses negation; not

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

title: ぬ


text:
ね

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Probably related to, as negative forms cross-linguistically are commonly used as confirmation particles.

Particle

 * 1)  emphasis and question marker particle; asks for confirmation; right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?
 * 2)  particle that softens a request, or conveys friendliness; okay?; please?
 * 3) meaningless filler particle, which may also have a softening effect when introducing information; well...; you see...
 * 1)  particle that softens a request, or conveys friendliness; okay?; please?
 * 2) meaningless filler particle, which may also have a softening effect when introducing information; well...; you see...
 * 1) meaningless filler particle, which may also have a softening effect when introducing information; well...; you see...
 * 1) meaningless filler particle, which may also have a softening effect when introducing information; well...; you see...
 * 1) meaningless filler particle, which may also have a softening effect when introducing information; well...; you see...

Usage notes
Sense 1 is used at such a frequency that it is often absent in a normal English translation, instead expressed with general inflection of voice, or context. It can also imply agreement. A common usage of it is in conjunction with particle, as.

Sense 3 is similar to filler particle in usage and placement, but is different in that it sounds more gentle, and also can be used in more polite situations (e.g. the common filler usage of, where  becomes part of the filler particle, and ignores its own grammatical meaning and usual syntax).

Synonym

 * な (na)

Interjection

 * 1)  used to catch listener’s attention; hey
 * 2)  I know, right?
 * 3)  please?
 * 1)  please?

title: ね


text:
の

Etymology
possessive marker.

Particle

 * 1) * 朱力亞の手作包, ISBN 9789866648748
 * 2) * 打造個人化の網站 XOOPS 2.3.x 完全實戰手冊, ISBN 9789866587740
 * 3) * 梅問題の超質感商品攝影手法大公開, ISBN 9789861992259
 * 1) * 梅問題の超質感商品攝影手法大公開, ISBN 9789861992259

Particle

 * 1) * 決戰時空の塔
 * 1) * 決戰時空の塔

Usage notes
Not used in running Chinese text in any region. It may be used as a shorthand, or to achieve visual, Japanese-style effect such as on signs, book titles, pamphlet covers or signboards, similar to faux Cyrillic.

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ * →

From, in turn from. Appears in common use in the  (712 ). Perhaps also cognate with, an element found in some Old Korean place names spelled as 乃 and 仍.

May be an apophonic form of particle. This other form also appears in a similar function. However, its usage was already restricted to certain set expressions by the time of the earliest Japanese texts in the, with no clear examples of productive use. These appears to be adjacent to the vowels /a/, /o/, or /u/, suggesting na was an assimilated version of no.

In Old Japanese, there are three particles used productively to mark one noun modifying another:
 * , as in or.
 * , as in
 * , as in

The apophonic form persisted only as an element in certain compounds, such as, or.

Particle

 * : of, -'s
 * : of, -'s

Usage notes

 * In senses 3 and 4, changes to the attributive  when followed by.
 * For sense 3, use of の in declarative sentences for emphasis carries a female undertone, as compared with.
 * の is sometimes weakened into in fixed compounds, such as  or.
 * For sense 3, use of の in declarative sentences for emphasis carries a female undertone, as compared with.
 * の is sometimes weakened into in fixed compounds, such as  or.

Etymology 4
Readings of various kanji.

Noun

 * 1)  the shaft of an arrow;  (arrow bamboo))
 * 2)  a unit of measurement for cloth breadth, approximately 36 centimeters

Etymology 1
From.

Pronunciation appears to be distinct from.

Particle

 * : of, -'s
 * : of, -'s

Etymology 2
Readings of various kanji.

Noun

 * 1)  plain, field

title: の


text:
は

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ →

From. Used in the oldest Japanese writings, including the  finished some time after 759 CE. Ultimately from.

The particle was excluded from the post-war, rather than changed to , which would be more phonetically accurate.

Particle

 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something
 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something
 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something
 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something
 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something
 * 1) what about, where is used without a predicate to ask for more information about something

Usage notes

 * Note that English has no direct counterpart. For illustrative purposes, it may be translated as "as for", "speaking of", or a similar phrase. For example, "As for this, it is a dog". This often does not produce very natural English, however.
 * When inserted between two verbs for emphasis, は is usually used with negatives and after a form. This has given rise to, the now standard negative form of.
 * vs : see.
 * は always replaces and, but may follow other particles.

Interjection

 * : yes

title: は


text:
ひ

Etymology 1
.

Prefix

 * 1)  indeed, truly

title: ひ


text:
ふ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From. Possibly a contraction of the of verbs and. Alternatively from.

Suffix

 * 1) expresses repetition
 * 2) expresses an ongoing state
 * 1) expresses an ongoing state

title: ふ


text:
へ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ * → →  →

From. Derives from the noun.

Pronunciation

 * IPA(key): (by some speakers following a moraic nasal or -e)

Particle

 * 1) to, towards indicates a destination or movement toward something

Synonyms

 * : to, at
 * In the sense indicating destination, the particles and  are often interchangeable, though there is a slight difference of connotation or emphasis.  emphasizes the journey to the destination, while  emphasizes the arrival at the destination.

Etymology 3
Reading of various kanji.

Noun

 * 1)  a house; a household
 * 2)  a heddle of a loom
 * 3)  a place, a location; nearby
 * 4)  a fart, gas, wind
 * 5)  a jar, a jug
 * 6)  a cooking stove
 * 7)  the prow of a boat or ship

title: へ


text:
ほ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) ear of grain
 * 2)  tip of a brush

Noun

 * 1) sail

title: ほ


text:
き

Etymology 1
.

Suffix

 * 1)   -ed

Usage notes
Follows the of inflectable words, except:

This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

title: き


text:
く

Etymology 1
.

Usage notes
Do not confuse it with the kana iteration mark which is sometimes used in vertical text.

Etymology 3
Some obsolete inflections.

Verb

 * 1)  disappear
 * 2)  come

Etymology 4
→

Originally a compound of the of verbs and adjectives and ;  contractions of vowel clusters caused it to be reanalyzed as the suffixes:

 * following
 * of and  verbs
 * following
 * of, , , and verbs
 * or of  verbs
 * following the stem of adjectives.

The use of this nominalizer is called.

title: く


text:
け

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 4
→ →

From earlier, in turn a sound shift from.

Etymology 5
→ →

Verb

 * 1)  come!

title: け


text:
こ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 3
Native.

Pronoun

 * 1)  (derogatory) you
 * 2)  (humble) you

Etymology 1
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) this

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  place

Etymology 3
The reading of various spellings.

Noun

 * 1)  basket
 * 2)  child; a diminutive noun
 * 3)  silkworm
 * 4)  flour

Prefix

 * 1)  deep
 * 2)  small

Etymology 4
The reading of various spellings.

Noun

 * 1)  tree, wood

title: こ


text:
み

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 4
From. →.

Further derivation unclear. Theories include:
 * Might be a suffix all on its own.
 * Might be a particle.
 * Might be the of an auxiliary.

If derived from an auxiliary, this may be the suppositional / presumptive auxiliary. Possibly related to, ; compare 🇨🇬 as used to describe the quality of something.

Suffix

 * 1)   -ness; used for subjective "quality" of being, as opposed to suffix, also translated as -ness, used for objective "degree" of being
 * 2)   -ness
 * 3)  place
 * 1)  place
 * 1)  place

Usage notes
Sense 1 is sometimes confused or conflated with Sino-Japanese, hence the ateji spelling.

Etymology 5
From. →.

Considered to be from the of.

Etymology 6
. → . Only used in waka since Early Middle Japanese.

Suffix

 * 1)  as, because;  being

Etymology 7
From みろ.

title: み


text:
め

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
→ * →

From, from. Cognate with. Now the modern Japanese term for.

Probably cognate with.

May also be cognate with, perhaps from the “visually prominent feature” sense, and with suppositional / volitional verb suffix (presenting in modern Japanese verb conjugations as the -ō or -yō endings), perhaps from the “seem like, look like” sense.

Noun

 * 1)   eye
 * 2)   visually prominent feature of something:
 * 3)   small hole, like those inherent to a net-like material (between the warp and the weft)
 * 4)    experience
 * 1)   small hole, like those inherent to a net-like material (between the warp and the weft)
 * 2)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience
 * 1)    experience

Suffix

 * 1)   -st, -nd, -rd, or -th, for ordinal numbers (e.g. 8th or eighth, 9th or ninth)
 * 2)   visually prominent feature of something
 * 3)   to a more exaggerated degree
 * 1)   to a more exaggerated degree
 * 1)   to a more exaggerated degree

Etymology 3
From. First attested in the  of 712.

Possibly cognate with, perhaps from the “visually prominent feature” sense of that term.

Noun

 * 1)   bud, sprout, shoot
 * 2)   the germ of an idea, an inkling
 * 3)    a bird embryo: more specifically, as found on the yolk of an egg, the blastodisk, the germinal disk, the embryonic disk

Etymology 4
First cited to  from the early 1300s.

Might be a shift in usage of. The spelling does not appear to be common, and this is not included in all dictionaries.

title: め


text:
や

Etymology 1
.

Particle

 * 1) and/or

Usage notes

 * Used to conjoin nouns, may imply that the list is not limited to the nouns named. Contrast with, the other particle typically used to conjoin nouns, which implies that the list is limited to the stated nouns.
 * It is not used in legal documents or academic papers because it lacks comprehensiveness or exhaustiveness. For example, “AやB” often implies that in addition to A and B, something else is also included.

Etymology 3
Phonetic change of in the late

Verb

 * 1)  is, are
 * Variation on the Japanese copula, associated with , particularly Ōsaka. The use of is common in fictional dialogue attributed to characters from Ōsaka.

Usage notes

 * This word is phonologically enclitic, like particles, since it is basically a contraction of a particle (で) and a verb. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Noun

 * 1) spoke

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Usage notes
Used after words ending in long vowels.

title: や


text:
ゆ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 4
From.

Etymology
From, from.

Cognate with standard 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * 1)  away from, off
 * 2)  along, following a specified route, track, orbit, etc.
 * 1)  away from, off
 * 2)  along, following a specified route, track, orbit, etc.

Usage notes
In modern Okinawan parlance this accusative particle is simply omitted from direct objects and the like, turning the language into a.

Usage notes

 * The alternative kanji spelling of this verb suffix derives from, a prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle. In writing, this is used prefixally as in Chinese, by adding it before the kanji of the verb. The resulting compound is read as the irrealis stem of the verb plus the terminal  or attributive , depending on the grammar required by the syntax. Examples are , , , ,.

Particle

 * 1) since
 * 2) through
 * , text here
 * 1) by (means of)
 * 2) from
 * 1) from

Noun

 * 1)  hot water, hot spring

title: ゆ


text:
よ

Symbol

 * 1)  Yoneda embedding

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) a fish

Etymology 1
.

Particle

 * : O.
 * : O.
 * : O.
 * : O.

Suffix

 * 1)  over, more than

Noun

 * 1)  night, evening
 * 2)  deposit, in advance

Pronoun

 * 1)  I, me

title: よ


text:
ら

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From. Verb conjugation ending.

Suffix

 * 1)  imperfective form of the suffix る.

title: ら


text:
り

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
Originally the classical copula verb following a verb in the.

The -i ending of the preceding verb stem contracted with the initial a- in ari to form -eri, which was reanalyzed as the or  of the verb stem for  verbs, or the  for, all of which ended in -e, with the final -ri then viewed as a suffix.

 * Example: +  →, reanalyzed as  +

Research into clarified the -e vowel value as, showing that the original form could not have been the  that ended in. Ancient was also known to appear from fusion of -i and a-, and this revealed the much simpler original structure of a verb in the  for either quadrigrade or sa-irregular verbs +.

Originally denoted ongoing state or action, or the resulting state of an action. The sense later shifted to indicate the completion of an action. Compare the modern construction.

Pronunciation

 * In Tokyo speech, the verb + construction always has the accent on the penultimate mora, regardless of the underlying verb. This is also true if the suffix appears in the adnominal form.

Suffix

 * 1)   did; have done

Usage notes
This word is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar. It is morphologically an inflectional suffix.

Attaches by changing the -u of godan verbs to -eri, suru to seri, and kuru to keri. The result can be further conjugated like an r-irregular verb; for example, the adnominal form ends in -eru.

The adnominal form of the ending, -eru, is easily confused with the potential ending for godan verbs. Note that the former is always accented, but the latter is only accented when the underlying verb is.
 * Unaccented verb : stative, potential
 * Accented verb : stative and potential

In Classical Japanese, this ending is usually not used on r-irregular verbs, because it is a contraction of -i + ari and r-irregular verbs already incorporate an etymological ari.

Etymology 3
Probably ultimately deriving from the classical copula verb, used adverbially to denote the state or manner of an action.

Used to form adverbs from some onomatopoeias or ideophones. Appears to have been productive up through the of the late, possibly also in the early stages of the  of the. In the modern language, this suffix persists in existing words, but it is not used to form any new words.

Usage notes

 * In modern usage, many of these adverbs exhibit gemination, as shown above.
 * Parallel forms may include reduplication of the root onomatopoeia or ideophone, or the root plus adverbial, often also exhibiting gemination:
 * In most cases, these different forms constitute a cluster of synonyms based on the core meaning of the root onomatopoeia or ideophone.
 * In most cases, these different forms constitute a cluster of synonyms based on the core meaning of the root onomatopoeia or ideophone.
 * In most cases, these different forms constitute a cluster of synonyms based on the core meaning of the root onomatopoeia or ideophone.
 * In most cases, these different forms constitute a cluster of synonyms based on the core meaning of the root onomatopoeia or ideophone.

Etymology 4
Shortening of, from shortening of.

title: り


text:
る

Etymology 1
.

Suffix

 * 1)  A general method to form verbs (as a godan katsuyō verb). Much less productive than.

Etymology 3
Contraction of.

Etymology 4
See.

Usage notes
Attaches to the.

Etymology 5
Regular adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix indicating resulting state or completion of action.

Suffix

 * 1) * wedding vows
 * 1) * wedding vows
 * 1) * wedding vows

title: る


text:
れ

Etymology 1
. Compare cognate shinjitai kanji (similar but less radical) and katakana.

Etymology 2
From.

Suffix

 * 1) nominalizing suffix used to form pronouns, often from demonstratives: ,

Derived terms

 * , : "I thing", "I one" → I, me
 * : "you thing", "you one" → you
 * : "self (person) thing", "self (person) one" → oneself; myself; you
 * : "this (person) thing", "this (person) one" → he, him
 * ,, , , , : "this (non-human) thing", "this (non-human) one" → this
 * ,, : "that (near) thing", "that (near) one" → that
 * ,, : "that (distant) thing", "that (distant) one" → that, yonder
 * ,, , : "which (person) thing", "which (person) one" → who
 * ,, : "which (non-human) thing", "which (non-human) one" → which
 * ,, : "which thing", "which one" → whichever, any, either, neither

title: れ


text:
ろ

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  furnace, kiln

Suffix

 * 1)  denotes endearment

title: ろ


text:
わ

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
From.

Particle

 * 1)  a particle used in the end of sentences to indicate admiration or emotion
 * 2)  a particle used in the end of sentences to indicate emphasis
 * 1)  a particle used in the end of sentences to indicate emphasis
 * 1)  a particle used in the end of sentences to indicate emphasis
 * 1)  a particle used in the end of sentences to indicate emphasis

Usage notes

 * (Sense 1) In standard Japanese, this particle is mainly used by women, although its usage is almost extinct among younger generations.
 * (Sense 2) In various dialects, particularly western, it is used by both men and women, but with a different pitch accent.

Etymology 3
Reading for various kanji.

title: わ


text:
ゐ

Etymology 1
.

Usage notes
This is now a rarely used hiragana. In most cases, it is replaced by.

Etymology 3
Native readings.

title: ゐ


text:
ゔ

Etymology
The hiragana ゔ, ゕ and ゖ were introduced for hiragana-katakana correspondence with ヴ, ヵ and ヶ in the in Fujitsu OASYS and then registered in.

title: ゔ


text:
ゑ

Etymology
.

Usage notes
This is now a rarely used hiragana. It was replaced by during the Japanese script reform.

title: ゑ


text:
ん

Pronunciation

 * The realization of this phoneme depends on its phonetic context, as follows:
 * before t, d, n, r, s, ts, z
 * before m, p, b
 * before k, g
 * before ni, ch, j
 * at the end of utterances
 * before approximants w and y, vowels, often causing nasalization of the preceding vowel, and fricatives

 * When speakers wish to convey the consonant very clearly, for example in classical singing or when spelling things out to someone who can't hear the speaker well, [m] may be used in place of [ɴ], and potentially even in all other positions.

Etymology 1
. ん and were originally both used for both the n and mu sounds; ん was designated as n in the.

Etymology 2
→ ,

An abbreviation of the negative ending.

Suffix

 * : negative form of verbs
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』

Usage notes

 * The negative usage of ん (-n) is a colloquial form of, and this is mainly used in western Japanese dialects.
 * Since ない is adopted as a standard form for the negative suffix in modern Japanese, ん gives a dialectal or very casual impression compared to ない today except that it is standard when forming the negative of,.
 * On the other hand, ん is common in fictional dialogue attributed to archaic or pompous characters.
 * This is potentially ambiguous with the volitional as both attach to the irrealis, so the intended meaning must be discerned from context.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology 3
→ ,

An abbreviation of the intentional, volitional, and suppositional ending.

Suffix

 * : volitional form of verbs
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』
 * , 『味覚馬鹿』

Usage notes

 * The volitional usage of is a colloquial form of, and this is usually used to impart a literary style in modern Japanese.
 * This is potentially ambiguous with the negative as both attach to the irrealis, so the intended meaning must be discerned from context.
 * In modern Japanese, this is more commonly realized as the or  volitional verb ending. See the etymology of suffix  for more.
 * This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology 4
→ ,

Regular contraction of the possessive or nominalizing particle. This contracted form is considered informal.

Particle

 * , 『蜘蛛』
 * , 『蜘蛛』
 * , 『蜘蛛』
 * , 『蜘蛛』

Etymology 5
→ → ,

Regular contraction of various morae preceding another mora starting with a nasalized consonant, such as or. This contracted form is considered informal.

Etymology 6
Possibly a reduced form of.

Suffix

 * 1)  added to female names or parts of them to express affection

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * 1) (locative marker) in; to; for; at

title: ん


text:
が

Etymology 2
From. Compare 🇨🇬 (possibly borrowed from Japanese into Korean).

Particle

 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 2)  conjunction ("but")
 * 3)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  conjunction ("but")
 * 2)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  conjunction ("but")
 * 2)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.
 * 1)  possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as.

Usage notes

 * Words that continue to be used with the literary possessive today include and.

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * : of, -'s
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 2) particle indicating purpose/intent; for; to
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 2) particle indicating purpose/intent; for; to
 * 1) particle indicating purpose/intent; for; to
 * 1) particle indicating purpose/intent; for; to
 * 1) particle indicating purpose/intent; for; to

Usage notes

 * is used for personal names or pronouns, is used otherwise. See  for details.
 * Historically, after an original Proto-Ryukyuan, ga palatalizes to gya, as seen in the Omoro Sōshi.

Etymology 2
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * , similar to a question mark ("?"). Appear only in wh-questions,but followed by やー can be used in other interrogations.

title: が


text: ぎ

title: ぎ


text:
ぐ

Usage notes
Do not confuse it with the voiced kana iteration mark which is sometimes used in vertical text.

title: ぐ


text:
げ

Noun

 * 1)  bottom, low

title: げ


text:
ご

Etymology 2
Reading of various kanji.

Noun

 * 1)  language
 * 2)  go
 * 3)  a specific time; death (as in "one's time has come")
 * 4)  a military squad (usu. of five people); a group
 * 5)  noon; midnight
 * 6)  a slurry of boiled and mashed soybeans used as the raw material for making tofu, dyes, and oil paints

Numeral

 * 1)  five
 * 2)  financial form of

Prefix

 * 1)  honorific prefix used before on'yomi nouns
 * 2)  mutual

Proper noun

 * 1)  Wu China

Suffix

 * 1)  language of, -ese
 * 2)  after

title: ご


text: ざ

title: ざ


text:
じ

Counter

 * 1)  hour, o'clock
 * 2)  (Buddhism) temple; monastery; place of worship
 * 3)  number of times: an ordinal marker; number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions

Noun

 * 1)  earth, dirt; fabric, cloth; territory
 * 2)  letter, character
 * 3)  hemorrhoids
 * 4)  speech
 * 1)  hemorrhoids
 * 2)  speech
 * 1)  hemorrhoids
 * 2)  speech

Suffix

 * 1)  a road, a street; attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place; attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time
 * 2)  at the time of

Usage notes
This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

title: じ


text:
ず

Etymology 2
From. Generally considered to be a combination of negation suffix in its  of  + honorific suffix.

→ * →

Appears both as zu and as the older nisu form in the  poetry anthology.

Suffix

 * 1) not doing

Usage notes
Much as the older negation suffix and the modern negation suffix, ず (zu) must come after the  of a verb.

The suffix ず (zu) is more formal than the everyday negation suffix.

title: ず


text:
ぜ

Etymology 2
→ →  →

Shift via monophthongization of older, in turn from sentence-ending emphatic particle and exclamatory or familiar particle.

First dated to 1771. Usage became established in the area, then spread to the  region in the late 1700s.

With the softening effect of particle, the sense was originally somewhat less gruff than using just. However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more gruff than, and usage is restricted to informal masculine speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.

Usage notes

 * Similar to, ぜ is mostly used by males. However, unlike , ぜ is strictly informal register, and can be considered highly impolite if used outside of a casual setting.
 * When used with polite-register forms like and the  verb ending, this may imply sarcasm, contempt, or threat.

Etymology 3
Reading of various kanji.

title: ぜ


text:
ぞ

Etymology 2
From. Previously unvoiced as so until the.

Particle

 * 1)  a particle used at the end of sentences, which indicates certainty or emphasis.
 * 2) a particle used as a suffix to an interrogative word to mark it indefinite.
 * 3)  a particle which makes a question emphasized or rhetorical, used at the end of a sentence or appended to an interrogative word.
 * 1) a particle used as a suffix to an interrogative word to mark it indefinite.
 * 2)  a particle which makes a question emphasized or rhetorical, used at the end of a sentence or appended to an interrogative word.
 * 1)  a particle which makes a question emphasized or rhetorical, used at the end of a sentence or appended to an interrogative word.
 * 1)  a particle which makes a question emphasized or rhetorical, used at the end of a sentence or appended to an interrogative word.
 * 1)  a particle which makes a question emphasized or rhetorical, used at the end of a sentence or appended to an interrogative word.

title: ぞ


text: ぢ

title: ぢ


text: づ

title: づ


text:
で

Etymology 2
Originally a contraction of, later treated as a conjugation of the copula.

Particle

 * 1) at:
 * 2) with, by, using:
 * 3)  in:
 * 1)  in:
 * 1)  in:
 * 1)  in:

Adverb

 * : and then; therefore

Verb

 * 1) is/am/are ... and:

Etymology 3
Considered to be a contraction of, where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary. In use since Early Middle Japanese, and first attested in  of the late 800s.

Etymology 4
Corrupted from.

Particle

 * 1)  sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis

title: で


text:
ど

Etymology 2
Appears to be a relatively recent innovation. In mainstream Japanese, this prefix is used as an intensifier. In the Kansai region, the meaning has further developed to convey more negative overtones.

The ultimate derivation is unclear. This may be an extension of the noun.

Prefix

 * 1) super-

Etymology 3
Reading of various kanji characters.

Noun

 * 1)  degree, extent
 * 2)  the third of the Eight Principles of Yong

Prefix

 * 1)  indeterminate prefix, used to form question words such as  or

Suffix

 * 1)   degree of an angle; degree in temperature; number of times; percentage of alcohol concentration

Etymology 4
From.

Suffix

 * 1)   even if, even when
 * 2)   even though, even as

title: ど


text:
ば

Etymology 2
From 🇨🇬. Appears in the , completed 759.

Originally an extension of the topic particle, for which the 🇨🇬 pronunciation is reconstructed as *.

Particle

 * 1)  if
 * 2)  if; when
 * , Taketori Monogatari
 * 1)  the more …, the more
 * 2)  … and …
 * 3)   it doesn't matter if …; may as well
 * 4)   because; as
 * 5) * 1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領
 * 1)  the more …, the more
 * 2)  … and …
 * 3)   it doesn't matter if …; may as well
 * 4)   because; as
 * 5) * 1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領
 * 1)   it doesn't matter if …; may as well
 * 2)   because; as
 * 3) * 1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領
 * 1) * 1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領
 * 1) * 1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領

Usage notes
This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology 5
Contraction of, itself composed of the object particle + contrastive and emphatic particle , which voices to  due to.

First cited to a text from the early 1800s.

Usage notes
May be encountered more commonly where the portion before the particle ends in an sound or the nasal, phonological contexts where the  sound of the particle  would be expected to contract.

title: ば


text:
び

Etymology 2
Kanji reading.

Adjective

 * 1)  beautiful
 * 2)  tiny

Affix

 * 1)  tail
 * 2)  extending
 * 3)  eyebrows
 * 4)  beautiful
 * 5)  preparation
 * 6)  obsequious
 * 7)  tiny
 * 8)  nose
 * 9)  to flutter, to wave, to be swayed by

Counter

 * 1)  fish, shrimp

Noun

 * 1)  beauty
 * 2)  tininess

Proper noun

 * 1)   Tail

title: び


text:
ぶ

Etymology 2
See.

title: ぶ


text:
べ

Etymology 2
From Kantō, Tōhoku, Hokkaidō Japanese, from , via regular shift from Classical  adjective to modern -i adjective.

title: べ


text:
ぼ

Etymology 2
Reading for various kanji.

Noun

 * 1)  the fifth day of the traditional Chinese ten-day cycle
 * 2)  a grave, especially one belonging to the extended imperial family
 * 3)  a notebook, a ledger
 * 4)  a male animal

title: ぼ


text:
ぽ

Etymology 2
See.

Suffix

 * , -like
 * 1) * 2016,

title: ぽ


text: ぴ

title: ぴ


text: ぷ

title: ぷ


text: ぺ

title: ぺ


text:
toit

Noun

 * 1)  A cushion.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) roof

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1) food

Etymology
,, from.

Noun

 * 1) roof

Etymology
A variant of ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) smoke
 * Proverb:
 * 1) vapour, steam
 * Proverb:
 * 1)  batch of shellfish, piece of meat, etc., roasted on embers
 * 1)  batch of shellfish, piece of meat, etc., roasted on embers

Etymology
Earlier, from.

Noun

 * 1) roof

Etymology
A variant of, from , possibly ultimately from ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) steam
 * 2) smoke
 * 3) cloud of smoke

title: toit


text:
User:Sky~enwiktionary

for info see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sky

title: User:Sky~enwiktionary


text:
Appendix talk:Index/Japanese/ん

I don't think you're going to find many words starting with ん. If I'm not mistaken it's syllable-final only! — Hippietrail 11:58, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:Index/Japanese/ん


text:
Talk:katakana

Placement of table of katakana
This is a lovely table but it's an encyclopedic entry, or an index so it shouldn't be in this space under "katakana". This space is just for a dictionary definition of the word as used in English, and any other languages which use a word of identical spelling - probably including Japanese Romaji. I'm not sure if we have a standard of where Index pages go but have a look around. The same goes for the hiragana article too sorry. — Hippietrail 12:16, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm, I'm not sure. Some paper dictionaries do have charts of alphabets in them, for example AHD's.  Encyclopedic would be histories of characters, how to use them, when the convention of using small kana in syllables like "kyo" arose, a list of the kanji they developed from... As far as I'm concerned, this is just an illustration, and is just as useful, if not more so (having links), than the image in duck. I say keep.  —Muke Tever 15:31, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes print dictionaries do have charts in them. They have them in an index. I'm not aware of any which have them as their actual entry for a word. If we are to keep it in the word entry does it go under the English heading, the Japanese Romaji entry, or into its own level 2 heading? If it gets its own heading should it be the first one, before English; the first one after English; at the very bottom? Whatever everybody agrees on is fine as long as we don't end up with twenty different indices inside word articles with each doing it a different way. — Hippietrail 02:26, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, my print dictionary is the AHD3, and its charts like this on nearby pages to the words they represent: the alphabet chart faces the alternate angle - alveolar page, the chart of measurements is two and a half pages following immediately after the entry for measurement, and the chart of currencies is opposite the page with currency. However these, like the chart here, are rather huge and are not displayed "inline".  You're probably right that this belongs in its own page, possibly something like Appendix:Katakana (a subpage of Appendix:Foreign scripts?), with a reference in this entry to that page. (Or maybe it is in fact too encyclopedic, and could be divided between Wiktionary:Japanese Furigana index and Katakana).  —Muke Tever 02:47, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

 * We may also want to do something with ふりがな since it has an index... -- EmperorBMA|話す 04:06, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

Placement of YE
Why is the character for YE put in the place for WE?

title: Talk:katakana