text:
Appendix:Chinook Jargon

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, or, Trade Language of Oregon, by George Gibbs

Published 1863; Gutenberg release Date: April 20, 2005 [EBook #15672]

Language: English and Chinook

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

Produced by David Starner, Richard Prairie and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

PREFACE
See Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon/Preface

a
ahha (Ah-ha), adv. Common to various tribes. Yes. Expression of simple assent. On Puget Sound, E-ÉH.

ahnkutte or ahnkottie (ah'n-kut-te or ahn-kot-tie), adv. Chinook, ANKUTTI. Formerly; before now. With the accent prolonged on the first syllable, a long time ago. Ex. Ahnkutte lakit sun, four days ago; Tenas ahnkutte, a little while since.

aláh (al-áh), interj. Expression of surprise. Ex. Alah mika chahko! ah, you've come!

alkie (al-kie), adv. Chinook, ALKEKH. Presently; in a little while; hold on; not so fast.

alta (al'-ta), adv. Chinook, ALTAKH. Now; at the present time.

amote (a-mo'-te), n. Chinook, AMUTE; Clatsop, KLABOTÉ. The strawberry.

anáh (an-áh), interj. An exclamation denoting pain, displeasure, or depreciation. Ex. Anah nawitka mika halo shem, ah, indeed you are without shame. On Puget Sound, Ad-de-dáh.

ats, n. Chinook, idem; Yakama, ATSE (Pandosy). A sister younger than the speaker. In the original, only when used by her brother.

ayáhwhul (a-yáh-whul), v. Chihalis, ATAHWUL. To lend; borrow.

aykéhnam (ay-kéh-nam). See EH-KAH-NAM.

b
bébe (bé-be), n., v. French. A word used towards children; probably a repetition of the first syllable of BAISER. A kiss; to kiss.

bed, n. English, idem. A bed.

bit, or mit, n. English, BIT. A dime or shilling.

bloom, n. English, BROOM. A broom. Mamook bloom, to sweep.

boat, n. English, idem. A boat, as distinguished from a canoe.

boston (bos'-ton), n., adj. An American; American. A name derived from the hailing-place of the first trading-ships to the Pacific. Boston illahie, the United States.

burdash (bur-dash), n. Can. French, BERDACHE (Anderson). An hermaphrodite. The reputation of hermaphroditism is not uncommon with Indians, and seems to attach to every malformation of the organs of generation. The word is of very limited use.

c
callipeen (cal'-li-peen), n. French, CARABINE. A rifle.

canim (ca-nim), n. Chinook, EKANIM. A canoe. Canim stick, the cedar, or wood from which canoes are usually made.

capo (ca-po'), n. French, CAPOT. A coat.

chahko (chah'-ko), v. Nootka, Clayoquot, CHAKO; Tokwaht, TCHOKWA. To come; to become. Ex. Kansik mika chahko? when did you come? Chahko kloshe, to get well.

chákchak (chák chak), n. Chinook, idem. The bald eagle (by onoma.), from its scream. Of only local use on the lower Columbia.

chee, adv., adj. Chinook, T'SHI. Lately; just now; new. Chee nika ko, I have just arrived. Hyas chee, entirely new.

chetlo (chet'-lo), or jet'lo (jet'-lo), n. Chihalia, CHETLOKH. An oyster. Used on the lower Columbia.

chetwoot (chet-woot), n. Nisqually, idem. A black bear. Used only on Puget Sound.

chikamin (chik'-a-min), n., adj. Tokwaht, TSIKAMEN; Nootka, SICKAMINNY (Jewitt); SEEKEMAILE (Cook). Iron; metal; metallic. T'kope chikamin, silver; pil chikamin, gold or copper. Chikamin lope, wire; a chain.

chikchik (chik-chik). See TSIK-TSIK.

chilchil (chil-chil). See TSIL-TSIL.

chitsh, n. Chihalis, TSHITSH. A grandmother.

chope, n. Chihalis, TSHUP. A grandfather.

chotub (cho'-tub), n. Nisqually, idem. A flea. Used on Puget Sound.

chuck, n. Nootka, CHAUK (Cook); CHAHAK, fresh water (Jewitt); Chinook, TLTSUK (Shortess); Clatsop, TL'CHUKW. Water; a river or stream. Salt chuck, the sea; skookum chuck, a rapid; solleks chuck, a rough sea; chuck chahko or kalipi, the tide rises or falls; saghilli and keekwillie chuck, high and low tide.

chukkin (chuk-kin), n., v. Chihalis, TSUKAEN. To kick. Of local use only.

close See KLOSE.

cly, v. English. To cry.

cole, adj. English, COLD. Cole illahie, winter; icht cole, a year; cole sick waum sick, the fever and ague.

comb, n. English. A comb. Mamook comb, to comb; mamook comb illahie, to harrow.

cooley (coo'-ley), v. French, COUREZ, imp. of COURIR. To run. Cooley kiuatan, a race-horse; yahka hyas kumtuks cooley, he can, i.e., knows how to run well.

coopcoop (coop'-coop), n. Chinook, idem. The smaller sized dentalium or shell money. See HYKWA.

cosho (co'-sho), n. French, COCHON. A hog; pork. Siwash cosho, a seal; literally, Indian pig.

cul'tus (cul'-tus), adj. Chinook, KALTAS. Worthless; good for nothing; without purpose. Ex. Cultus man, a worthless fellow; cultus potlatch, a present or free gift; cultus heehee, a jest; merely laughing; cultus nannitsh, to look around; cultus mitlite, to sit idle; to do nothing; cultus klatawa, to stroll. Ques. What do you want? Ans. Cultus, i.e., nothing.

d
deláte (de-láte), or delétt (de-létt), adj., adv. French, DROITE. Straight; direct; without equivocation. Ex. Klatawa delett, go straight; delett wauwau, tell the truth.

diáub (di-áub), or yaub, n. French, DIABLE. The devil. Sometimes used combined with the article, as LEJAUB.

dly (d'ly), or dely (de-ly), adj. English, DRY. Chahko dely, to become dry; mamook dely, to dry, v. a.

doctin (doc'-tin), n. English. A doctor.

dolla (dol'-la), or táhla (táh-la), n. English. A dollar; money. Chikamin dolla, silver; pil dolla, gold; dolla siághost, spectacles.

e
ehkáhnam (eh-káh-nam), n. Chinook, EKANAM. A tale or story. Used only on the Columbia river. Often erroneously pronounced Ay-keh-nam.

ehkoli (eh-ko-li), n. Chinook, ÉKOLI. A whale.

eena (ee'-na), n. Chinook, IINA. A beaver. Eena stick (literally, beaver wood ), the willow.

eenapoo (ee'-na-poo), or inapoo (in-a-poo), n. Chinook, INAPU. A louse. Sopen inapoo, a flea.

ekkeh (ek'-keh), n. Chinook, EKKE. A brother-in-law.

elahan (e'-la-han), or elánn (e-lánn), n. Chihalis, YELAÁN. Aid; assistance; alms. Mamook elann, to help.

elip (e'-lip), or el'ip (el'-ip), adv. Chihalis, ILIP. First; before. The superlative. Klatawa elip, go before; elip lolo chuck, in the first place carry water; elip kloshe, best; elip tilikum, n. (literally, the first people), a race of beings who inhabited the world before the Indians.

elite (e-li'-te), n. Chinook, ILAITEKH. A slave.

esálth (e-sált'h), or yesált'h (ye-sált'h), n. Probably Wasco. Indian corn or maize.

g
getup (get-up), or ketop (ket-op), v. English. To get up; rise.

glease, n. English, GREASE, fat, grease, or oil. Hyeu glease, very fat; too-toosh glease, butter. See, also, LAKLES.

h
háhlakl (háh-lakl), adj. Chinook, HÁLAKL. Wide; open. Ex. Mamook hahlakl la pote, open the door; chahko hallakl (as of the woods), to open out; become less dense.

háhthaht (háht-haht), n. Nisqually, HATHAT. The mallard duck.

hákatshum (hák-at-shum), n. English. A handkerchief.

ha'lo (ha'-lo), adj. Quære u. d. not Chinook. None; absent. Q. Halo salmon mika? have you no fish? A. Halo, none. Q. Kah mika papa? where is your father? A. Halo, he is out. Halo wind, breathless; dead; halo glease, lean; halo ikta, poor; destitute.

haul, v. English, idem. To haul or pull. Used with the active verb mamook; as, mamook haul.

heehee (hee'-hee), n. By onoma., HIHI (Hale). Laughter, amusement. Cultus heehee, fun; mamook heehee, to amuse; heehee house, any place of amusement, as a tavern, bowling-alley, &c.

hóhhoh (hóh-hoh), n., v. Chinook (by onoma.), HOKHHOKH. To cough.

hókumelh (hó-ku-melh), v. Chihalis, idem. To gather; to glean, as grain. Of local use.

hóolhool (hóol-hool), n. Chinook, KHOLKHOL; Klikatat. KHOILKHOIL. A mouse. Eyas hoolhool, a rat.

house, n. English. A house. Mahkook house, a store; Boston house, an American-built house, as distinguished from a lodge.

howh, interj. HAUKH. Turn to; hurry.

howkwutl (how'-kwutl), adv. Chinook, HAUKATLH. An expression of inability. Ex. Howkwutl nika klatawa? how could I go?

hullel (hul-lel'), v., n. Chinook, idem. To shake. Used with the verb mamook, as, mamook hullel, it becomes active.

hulóima (hul-ó-i-ma), n., adj. Chinook, S'HULLOYIBA. Other; another; different. Ex. Huloima tilikum, a different tribe or people; hyas huloima, very different.

humm, n., v. Jargon. A stink or smell; to stink. An invented word. Humm opootsh, a skunk.

hunlkih (hunl'-kih), adj. Chinook, HUNLKEKH. Curled or curly; knotted; crooked.

huyhuy (huy-huy), n., v. Canadian French, HUI-HUI. A bargain or exchange; to barter or trade. Ex. Huyhuy la sille, change the saddle; huyhuy tumtum, to change one's mind. Mr. Andersen says this is a cant word of the Canadians, signifying a hasty exchange. Its origin has been suggested in oui oui, yes yes.

hwah, or hwahwa (hwah-wa), interj. Denotes surprise or admiration; also earnestness.

hyak (hy'-ak), adv., also used as imperative. Chinook, AI-AK. Swift; fast; quickly; hurry; make haste.

hyas (hy-as'), adj., adv. Probably corrupted from the following. Large; great; very. The general term for size. Hyas tyee, a great chief; hyas mahcook, a great price; dear; hyas ahnkutte, a long time ago; hyas kloshe, very good.

hyiú (hy-iú), n., adj. Nootka, IYAHISH (Jewitt); Tokwaht, AIYA. Jewitt also gives HYO as the name for ten. Much; many; plenty; enough. Term of quantity or multitude. Hyiu tilikum, a crowd; many people; hyiu muckamuck, plenty to eat; tenas hyiu, some; a, few; wake hyiu, not many or not much.

hykwa (hy'-kwa), or hy'akwa (hy'-a-kwa), n. Nootka, HAIHWA (i-whaw, Jewitt). The dentalium; the shell money or wampum of the Pacific coast. It is used in strings of a fathom long; shells of not more than forty to the fathom being of full size, and the value increasing in proportion to their length. The smaller sizes are called coop-coop. These shells were formerly obtained by the Indians of the west coast of Vancouver Island, and passed in barter as low down as California, and eastward to the Blackfoot country.

i
ikkik (ik'-kik), n. Chinook, IKKIK. A fish-hook.

ikpooie (ik-poo'-ie), v. Chinook, IKHPUI. To shut. Ikpooie la pote, shut the door; mamook ikpooie, to surround; ikpooie kwillan, deaf.

ikt, or icht, adj. Chinook, IKHT. One; once. Used also as the indefinite article. Ikt man, a man; ikt-ikt man, some one or other; here and there one; ikt nika klatawa kopa yakka house, I have been once to his house.

iktah (ik'-tah), pron. Chinook, IKTA. What. Iktah okook, what is that? iktah mika tikegh, what do you want? iktah, well, what now?

iktah (ik'-tah), n. From the foregoing. A thing; goods; merchandise; clothing. Hyiu tenas iktah, a great many trifles. The use of the same word for what and for things, has been noticed in some other languages of this coast.

illahie (il'-la-hie), n. Chinook, ILAHEKH. The ground; the earth; dirt. Tipso illahie, prairie; saghallie illahie, mountains, or high land; heaven; hyiu illahie kopa, dirty (literally, much dirt upon ).

inati (in'-a-ti), or eenati (een-a-ti), prep., adv. Chinook, INATAI. Across; opposite to; on the other side of. Inati chuck, on the other side of the river; klatawa inati, to cross over.

ipsoot (ip'-soot), v. a., v. n. Chinook, ALHUPSO. To hide one's self, or any thing; to keep secret. Ipsoot klatawa, to steal off; ipsoot wau-wau, to whisper.

isick (is'-ick), n. Chinook, ISIK. A paddle. Mamook isick, to paddle.

isick stick (is'-ick stick), n. Chinook and English. The ash. Literally, paddle-wood.

iskum (is'-kum), v. Chinook, idem. To take; take hold of; hold; get. Iskum okook lope, hold on to that rope; mika na iskum? did you get it?

itlan (it'-lan), or ithlan (it'h-lan), n. Chinook, ITHLANA. A fathom; the length of the extended arms.

itlokum (it'-lo-kum), n. Chinook, idem; Chihalis, SETLOKUM. The game of "hand," --a common amusement. Mamook itlokum, to gamble.

itlwillie (itl'-wil-lie), n. Chinook, ETLWILI. The flesh; meat of any animal. Konaway nika itlwillie sick, all my flesh is sore.

itswoot (its'-woot), or its'hoot (its'-hoot), n. Chinook, EITSHHUT. A black bear. Itshoot paseesie, thick dark cloth or blankets.

k
kah, adv. Chinook, KAKH. Where; whither; whence. Kah mika mitlite? where do you live? konaway kah, everywhere; kah-kah, here and there.

kahkah (kah'-kah), n. Chinook and Nisqually (by onoma.), SKAKA. A crow.

káhkwa (káh-kwa), adv. Nootka; Tokwaht, ACHKO. Like; similar to; equal with; as. Kahkwa nika tumtum, so I think (literally, such [is] my heart ); kahkwa hyas nika, as large as I; kahkwa spose, as if; kloshe kahkwa, that is right; good so.

kahnaway (kah'-na-way), n. Chinook, T'KANAWÉ. Acorns. Kahnaway stick, the oak. Used only on the Columbia river.

káhpho (káhp-ho), n. Chinook, idem. An elder brother, sister, or cousin.

káhta (káh-ta), adv. Chinook, KÁTA. How; why. Kahta mika mamook okook? why do you do that? kahta mika chahko? how did you come? kahta mika? what is the matter with you? pe kahta? and why so?

kalakaláhma (kal-ak-a-láh-ma), n. Chinook, OKALAKALAMA. A goose. Used on the lower Columbia river.

kalakwáhtie (kal-a-kwáh-tie), n. Chinook, KALAKWATI; Clatsop, KL'WHELATL. The inner bark of the cedar (thuja); the petticoat, or skirt, formerly worn by women, and often made of strands of bark. Kalakwahtie stick, the cedar-tree.

kalitan (ka-li'-tan), n. Chinook, TKLAITAN. An arrow; shot; a bullet. Kalitan le sac, a quiver; a shot-pouch.

kallakala (kal-lak'-a-la), or kullukulla (kul-luk'-ul-la), n. Chinook, KALÁKALA. A bird.

kámass (kámass), or lákamass (lákamass), n. Nootka. The Scilla esculenta, --a bulbous root used for food by the Indians. Jewitt gives CHAMASS as the Nootka for fruit, also for sweet, or pleasant to the taste.

kámooks (kám-ooks), n. Chinook, KLKÁBOKES. A dog. Kahkwa kamooks, like a dog; beastly.

kamosuk (ka-mo'-suk), n. Chinook, idem. Beads. Tyee kamosuk (chief beads), the large blue glass beads.

kapsuálla (kap-su-ál-la). Quære u. d. To steal. Kapsualla klatawa, to steal away; kapsualla mamook, to do secretly.

kátsuk (kát-suk), or kótsuk (kót-suk), n. Chinook, idem. The middle or centre of any thing.

kaupy (kau'-py), n. English. Coffee.

kawák (ka-wák), v. Chihalis, KAUAK. To fly. Not in general use.

káwkawak (káw-ka-wak), adj. Chinook, KÂKAWAK. Yellow, or pale green.

keékwillie (keé-kwil-lie), prep. Chinook, KIK'HWILI. Low; below; under; beneath; down. Mamook keekwillie, to lower; mitlite keekwillie, to set down; put under. Not used in the sense of "down stream."

keepwot (keep'-wot), n. Chinook, OKWÉPOWA; Yakama, KAPUS, a pin (Pandosy). A needle; the sting of an insect; a thorn. Shoes keepwot, an awl.

kehloke (keh'-loke), n. Chinook, idem. A swan. Of local use only.

kehsee (keh'-see), or kisu (ki'-su), n. Chinook, EKÉSO. An apron.

kéhwa (kéh-wa), adv. Quære u. d. Because. Not in common use.

kelapi (kel'-a-pi), or kálapi (ká-la-pi), v. Chinook, KELAPAI. To turn; return; overturn; upset. Kelapi canim, to upset a canoe; hyak kelapi, come back quickly; kelapi kopa house, go back to the house; mamook kelapi, to bring, send, or carry back; kelapi tumtum, to change one's mind.

keschi (kes'-chi), or kéhtsie (kéh-tsie). Chinook, KUKHTSI (Anderson). Notwithstanding; although. Keschi yakka mamook kahkwa, although he did so. Not in common use.

ketling (ket'-ling), or kitling (kit'-ling), n. English. A kettle; can; basin, &c.

kil-it'-sut (kilitsut), n. Chinook, OKWILIKTSHUT. Flint; a bottle; glass.

kimta (kim'-ta), or kimtah (kim-tah'), prep. Chinook, KIMTA. Behind; after; afterwards; last; since. Klatawa kimtah, go behind; nika elip, pe yakka kimtah, I first, and he afterwards; okook kimtah, the one behind; kimtah nika nannitsh mika, since I saw you.

king Chautsh, adj. English, KING GEORGE. English. King chautshman, an Englishman.

kinootl (ki'-nootl), or kinoos (ki'-noos), n. Chinook, EKAINUTL. Tobacco.

kishkish (kish-kish), v. Chinook, idem. To drive, as cattle or horses.

kiuatan (kiu'-a-tan), n. Chinook, IKIUATAN. Cooley kiuatan, a race-horse; stone kiuatan, a stallion.

kiwa (ki'-wa), adj. Wasco, KAIWA (Shaw). Crooked. Of only local use.

kiyah (ki'-yah), n. Chihalis, KAIYAKH. Entrails.

klah, adj. Chinook, KLAKH. Free or clear from; in sight. Ex. Chee yakka klah, now he is in sight; klatawa klah, to escape, as a prisoner; chahko klah (of seed), to come up; (of the woods), to open out; (of the weather), to clear up; mamook klah, to uncover. Mr. Anderson gives as the original meaning, to open out or appear.

klahhanie (klah-hanie'), or klaghanie (klagh-anie'), adv. Chinook, KLAKHANI. Out of doors; out; without. Ex. Mamook klaghanie okook, put that out; klatawa klaghanie, to go out.

klahowya (kla'-how-ya), The ordinary salutation at meeting or parting. How do you do? good-bye; as, klahowya sikhs, good-bye, friend.

klahówyum (kla-hów-yum), adj., n. Chinook, KLAHÁUIA. Poor; miserable; wretched; compassion. Ex. Hyas klahowyum nika, I am very poor; mamook klahowyum, to take pity on; give alms; be generous.

The salutation above given probably originated in some whining reply to the first whites, and a distinction has since arisen between the two modes of spelling, which is, however, purely arbitrary.

kláhwa (kláh-wa), adv. Chinook, KLAWAKH. Slow; slowly. Ex. Klatawa klahwa, go slowly.

klak, adv. Chinook, KLAKW. [To take] off. Ex. Mamook klak stone kiuatan, to castrate a horse; mamook klak l'assiette, take off the plates; klak kopa wayhut, get out of the road.

kláksta (klák-sta), or kluksta (kluk'-sta), pron. Chinook, T'KLUKSTA. Ex. Klaksta mamook okook? who made or did that? halo klaksta, no one.

klákwun (klák-wun), or kléhkwan (kléh-kwan), v. Chihalis, KLAKWUN. To wipe, or lick. Klakwun l'assiette, to wipe a plate.

klale or tklale (t'klale), adj. Chinook, TLEHL. Black, or dark blue, or green.

klap, v. Chinook, KLAP. To find. Ex. Mika na klap mika kiuatan? did you find your horse? klap tenas, to be with child.

klapite (kla'-pite), n. Chinook, KLIPAIT. Thread; twine.

kláska (klás-ka), or kluska (klus'-ka), pron. Chinook, KLUSKA. They; thine; them.

klatawa (klat'-a-wa), v. Nootka, KLATTUNWAH (Jewitt); Nittinat, KLATÖUKH. To go. Klatawa teáhwit, to walk; go on foot; klatawa kopa kiuatan, to ride; klatawa kopa boat, to sail; mamook klatawa, to send.

klawháp (kla-wháp), n. Chinook, KLHUAP. A hole. Mamook klawhap, to dig a hole.

klemahun (klem'-a-hun), v. Chihalis, idem. To stab; to wound; to dart; to cast as a spear; to hook or gore as an ox. Nika klemahun samun, I spear salmon.

klihl, or klilt, adj. Chinook, KLIHL. Bitter. Not of universal use. Mr. Hale makes it KLITL, sour.

klikamuks (klik'-a-muks), n. Chinook, KLIKABUKS. Blackberries, or more properly dewberries.

klikwallie (klik'-wal-lie), or klokewallie (kloke'-wal-lie). Chinook, KLIKWALI. Brass wire; an armlet or bracelet of brass wire. Mr. Anderson gives the original meaning as simply brass.

kliminawhit (klim-in'-a-whit), n., v. Chinook, KLIMINAWHUT. A lie; to lie. Hyas kumtuks kliminawhit, he is a great liar (literally, he knows well how to lie ).

klimmin (klim'-min), or klimmin-klimmin, adj. Chinook, TKLEMIN-TKLEMIN. Soft; fine in substance. The reduplication denotes the diminutive, but in jargon it is generally used singly. Ex. Klimmin sapoleel, flour; klimmin illahie, mud; marshy ground; mamook klimmin, to soften as by dressing a skin.

klip, adj. Chinook, KELIPE; Chihalis, KLUPUTL; Nisqually, KLEP. Deep; sunken. Klip chuck, deep water; klip sun, sunset.

kliskwiss (klis'-kwiss), n. Chinook, idem. A mat.

klóghklogh (klógh-klogh), n. Chinook, OKLÓKHKLO. Oysters. The word is common to the Puget Sound tribes, as well as to the Chinooks.

klonáss (klo-náss), adv. Chinook, idem. Expression of uncertainty or doubt. Perhaps; I don't know; may be so; who knows? Equivalent to the Spanish quien sabe. Ex. Klonass nika klatawa, perhaps I shall go. Q. Kah mika kahpho? where is your brother? A. Klonass, I don't know.

klone, adj. Chinook, TKLON. Three.

klook, adj. English. Crooked. Klook teáhwit, broken legged; lame.

klootchman (klootch-man), n. Nootka and Tokwaht, KLUTSMA. A woman; a female of any animal. Tenas klootshman, a girl; klootchman kiuatan, a mare.

klose, or kloshe, adj., adv. Nootka; Tokwaht, KLOHTL; Makah, KLOTELO; Nisqually, KLOB. Good; well; well enough. Kloshe nannitsh, look out; take care; hyas kloshe, very well.

klosespose (klose-spose). Nootka, KLOHTL; English, SUPPOSE. Shall or may I; let me. Ex. Klose-spose nika mamook pia okook? shall I cook that? (literally, [is it] good that I make cook that? ).

klugh, or klughklugh (klugh-klugh). Chinook, KLUKH. To tear. Mamook klugh illahie, to plough (literally, to tear the ground ).

klukulh (kluk-ulh'), or klakalh (klak-alh'), adj. Chihalis, TLUKUTLH. Broad or wide, as of a plank.

ko, v. Chinook, idem. To reach; arrive at. Chee klaska ko, they have just come; kansih nesika ko kopa Nisqually? when shall we reach Nisqually.

koko (ko'-ko), v. Chinook (by onoma). To knock. Koko stick, a wood-pecker.

kokshut (kok'-shut), v. Nootka, KAKHSHETL; Klaokwat, KWÁCHITL. In the original, dead. To break; broken; to beat. Hyas kokshut, broken to pieces.

konaway (kon'-a-way), adj. Chinook, KÁNAWÉ. All; every. Klaska konaway klatawa, they have all gone; konaway tilikum, everybody; konaway kah, everywhere.

koosah (koo'-sah), or kósah (kó-sah), n. Chinook, EKÓSAKH. The sky. Only used on the Columbia.

kopa (ko'-pa), adv., prep. Chinook, idem. To; in; at; with; towards; of; about; concerning; there or in that place. Ex. Kopa nika house, at my house; lolo okook kopa mika, take that home with you (equivalent to the French chez vous ); cultus kopa nika, it is nothing to me. Q. Kah okook lope? where is that rope? A. (motioning with the chin towards the place) Kopáh.

kopet (ko-pet'), v., adv. Chinook, idem. To stop; leave off; enough. Kopet wau-wau, stop talking; kopet ikt, only one; kopet okook, that's all; wake siah kopet, nearly finished; kopet tomalla, day after to-morrow.

kow, v. Chinook, KAU-KAU. To tie; to fasten. Kow mika kiuatan, tie your horse; ikt kow, a bundle.

kull, adj. Chinook, K'HUL-K'HUL. Hard in substance; difficult. Chahko kull, to become hard; mamook kull, to harden; to cause to become hard; hyas kull spose mamook, it is very hard to do so; kull stick, oak or any hard wood.

kullagh (kul-lagh'), or kullaghan (kul-lagh'-an), n. Chihalis, KULLAKH; Lummi, KULLUKHAN. A fence; a corral, or inclosure. Kullagh stick, fence rails. In the original, it meant the stockade with which Indian houses are often surrounded.

kumtuks (kum'-tuks), or kámetaks (káme-taks), v. Nootka, KOMMETAK (Jewitt); Tokwaht, KUMITUKS; Clayoquot, KEMITAK. To know; understand; be acquainted with; imagine; believe. Mamook kumtuks, to explain; teach; hyas kumtuks solleks (literally, well to understand anger), to be passionate; kopet kumtuks, to forget; halo kumtuks, stupid; without understanding; (of a horse) hyas yakka kumtuks cooley, he can run fast (literally, he knows well to run ); kumtuks kliminawhit, to be a liar; to understand lying; nika kumtuks okook tyee, I know that chief; nika kumtuks Klikatat wau-wau, I understand the Klikatat language.

kunamoxt (kun'-a-moxt), adj. Chinook, KONAWAY MOXT. Both; together (literally, all two ). Kunamoxt kahkwa, both alike.

kunsih (kun'-sih), kansih (kan'-sih), kunjuk (kun'-juk), kunjie (kun'-jie), adv. Chinook, KUNSÉUKH. How many; when; ever. Kunsih tilikum mitlite? how many people are there? kunsih mika klatawa? when do you go? wake kunsih, never; mamook kunsih, to count.

kushis (kush'-is), n. Chihalis, KOSHIS. Stockings. In the original, any elastic article of dress. Not in general use.

kwahnesum (kwah'-ne-sum), adv. Chinook, KWÁNISUM; Yakama, KWÁLISIM. Always; forever.

kwáhnioe (kwáh'-nioe), n. Klikatat, KWADDIS. A whale.

kwáhta, n. English. The quarter of a dollar. The quarter of any number is usually expressed in Jargon by tenas sitku, i.e., a small half.

kwahtin (kwah'-tin). See YAKWAHTIN.

kwaist, or kweest, adj. Chinook, KWAITST. Nine.

kwalal-kwalal (kwa-lal'-kwa-lal'), v. Chinook, KWULLIL-KWULLIL. To gallop.

kwalh (kwal'h), n. Chihalis, KWATLH. An aunt.

kwann, adj. Chinook, KWAN-KWAN. Glad. According to Mr. Anderson, it means a custom or habit. It is used by some in this sense as tamed or broken, as of a horse (McCormick). KWAL is Nisqually for tame.

kwass, adj. Chinook, idem. Fear; afraid; tame. Mamook kwass, to frighten; to tame.

kwates, or kwehts, adj. Chihalis, KWETS. Sour.

kwéhkweh (kwéh-kweh), n. Chinook, OKWÉKWE (by onoma). A mallard duck. Used chiefly at mouth of the Columbia.

kwékwiens (kwék-wi-ens), n. Chihalis, idem. A pin. Of limited use.

kwéo-kwéo, n. Chinook, T'KWEO-KWEO. A ring; a circle.

kwetlh, adj. Chihalis, idem. (Anderson). Proud. Not in general use.

kwinnum (kwin'-num), adj. Chinook, KWENEM. Five.

kwish, or kweesh, interj. Refusing any thing contemptuously. Equivalent to "No you don't. " Used on the lower Columbia.

kwitshadie (kwit'-shad-ie), n. Nisqually, KWUTSHDIE. The hare or rabbit. Confined to Puget Sound.

kwolann (kwo-lann'), or kwolahnie (kwo-lah'-nie), n. Chihalis, KWOLÁN; Nisqually, KWILANI. The ear. Halo kwolann, or, ikpooie kwolann, deaf.

kwulh, or kwult, v. Chinook, KWULT'H. To hit; to wound with an arrow or gun; to strike with a slick or stone; or in any manner without cutting; to hit.

kwunnun (kwun'-nun), n. Chihalis, idem. A count; numbers. Ex. Mamook kwunnun, to count. Of merely local use.

kwutl, adj. Chinook, idem. Literally, fast. To push or squeeze, as in packing; hyas mamook kwutl, haul tight.

l
lableed (la-bleed'), n. French, LA BRIDE. A bridle.

laboos (la-boos'), n. French, LA BOUCHE. The mouth; mouth of a river. Moxt laboos, the forks of a river.

labooti (la-boo-ti'), n. French, LA BOUTEILLE. A bottle.

lacalat (la-ca-lat'), n. French, LA CAROTTE. A carrot.

lacaset (la-ca-set'), n. French, LA CASETTE. A box, trunk, or chest.

lacloa (la-clo-a), n. French, LA CROIX. A cross.

lagh, v. Chinook, LAKH. To lean; to tip, as a boat; to stoop; to bend over, as a tree. Wake mika lagh kopa okook house, don't lean against that house.

lagome (la-gome), n. French, LA GOMME. Pitch; glue. La gome stick, light-wood; the pitch-pine.

lagwin (la-gwin'), or lakween (la-kween'), n. Quære u. d. A saw.

lahál (la-hál) See SLAHAL.

lahb, n. French, L'HERBE. The arbutus uva ursi, the leaves of which are used in smoking, alone or mixed with tobacco.

lahásh (la-hásh), n. French, LA HACHE. An axe or hatchet.

lakammas (la-kam-mas') See KAMASS.

lakit (lak'-it), or lokit (lok'-it), adj. Chinook, LAKT. Four; four times. Lakit taht-lelum, forty.

lakles (la'-kles), n. French, LA GRAISSE. Fat; oil. See, also, GLEASE.

laláh (la-láh), v. Chinook, LAKHWHOLA. To cheat; fool; to practise jokes. Mamook lalah, to make fun.

lalahm (la-lahm'), or lalum (la-lum'), n. French, LA RAME. An oar. Mamook lalahm, to row.

laláng (la-láng), n. French, LA LANGUE. The tongue; a language.

laleem (la-leem'), n. French, LA LIME. A file.

lamesse (la-messe'), n. French, idem. The ceremony of the mass.

laméstin (la-més-tin), or lamótchin (la-mó-tchin), n. French, LA MÉDECINE. Medecine, not including magic.

lammieh (lam'-mi-eh), or lammii (lam-mi-i), n. French, LA VIEILLE. An old woman.

lamónti (la-món-ti), or lamóti (la-mó-ti), n. French, LA MONTAGNE. A mountain.

lapeep (la-peep'), n. French, LA PIPE. A tobacco-pipe. Lapeep kullakala (literally, the "pipe-bird"), the band-tailed eagle, as its feathers were used to ornament the pipe stems.

lapéhsh (la-péhsh), n. French, LA PERCHE. A pole; the setting-pole of a boat or canoe.

lapelláh (la-pel-láh), v. Quære if from the French, LE FOYER. Mamook lapellah, to roast before the fire.

lapelle (la-pelle'), n. French, LA PELLE. A shovel or spade.

lapeosh (la-pe-osh'), n. French, LA PIOCHE. A mattock; a hoe.

lapiége (la-piége), n. French, LA PIÉGE. A trap. Eena la piége, a beaver-trap.

laplash (la-plash), n. French, LA PLANCHE. A board.

lapoel (la-po-el'), n. French, LA POÊLE. A frying-pan. Mamook lapoel, to fry.

lapóme (la-póme), n. French, LA POMME. An apple.

lapool (la-pool'), n. French, LA POULE. A fowl; poultry. Siwash lapool, the grouse.

lapooshet (la-poo-shet'), n. French, LA FOURCHETTE. A fork.

lapóte (la-póte), n. French, LA PORTE. A door.

lasánjel (la-sánjel), n. French, LA CINGLE. A girth; a sash; a belt.

lasée (la-sée), n. French, LA SCIE. A saw.

lasell' (la-sell'), n. French, LA SELLE. A saddle.

láshalloo (lá-shal-loo), or láshallee (lá-shal-lee), n. French, LA CHARRUE. A plough.

lashándel (la-shán-del), n. French, LA CHANDELLE. A candle.

lasháse (la-sháse), n. French, LA CHAISE. A chair.

lashen (la-shen'), n French, LA CHAINE. A chain.

lassiet (las-siet'), n. French, L'ASSIETTE. A plate.

laswáy (la-swáy), n., adj. French, LA SOIE. Silk; silken.

latáhb (la-táhb), n. French, LA TABLE. A table.

latet (la-tet'), n. French, LA TÊTE. The head. Pil latet, red-headed.

latlah (la-tlah'), n. French, TRAIN; as, "ne faites pas de train." (Anderson). A noise. Mamook latlah, to make a noise.

lawen (la-wen'), n. French, L'AVOINE. Oats.

lawest (la-west'), n. French, LA VESTE. A waistcoat.

lazy, adj. English, idem. Lazy.

lebáhdo (le-báh-do) or labado (lab'-a-do), n. French, LE BARDEAU. A shingle.

lebal (le-bal'), n. French, idem. A ball; bullet. Tenas lebal, shot.

lebiskwie (le-bis'-kwie), n. French, LE BISCUIT. Biscuit; crackers; hard bread.

leblau (le-blau'), n., adj. French, LE BLOND. A sorrel horse; chestnut colored.

leclem (le-clem'), n., adj. French, LE CRÊME. Cream-colored; a cream-colored or light dun horse.

lecock (le-cock'), n. French, LE COQ. A cock; a fowl.

ledoo (le-doo'), n. French, LE DOIGT. A finger.

legléy (le-gléy), n., adj. French, LE GRIS, or English GRAY, with French article. A gray horse; gray.

lejaub' (le-jaub'). See DIAUB.

lekléh (le-kléh), n. French, LE CLEF. A key. Mamook le kleh, lock the door.

lekloo (le-kloo'), n. French, LE CLOU. A nail; nails.

lekoo (le-koo'), n. French, LE COU. The neck.

lekye (le-ky'e), n., adj. Mr. Anderson derives this from a Canadian word caille, meaning a piebald horse. In its jargon use, it means, also, a spot, spotted, or speckled; as, lekye salmon, the spotted or winter salmon ( salmo canis, Suckley).

leloba (le-lo'-ba), n. French, LE RUBAN. A ribbon.

leloo (le-loo'), n. French, LE LOUP. A wolf (the large wolf).

lemáh (le-máh), or léh-ma (léh-ma), n. French, LA MAIN. The hand; the arm. Kloshe lemah, the right (literally, the good hand ); potlatch lemah, shake hands.

lemáhto (le-máh-to), n. French, LE MARTEAU. A hammer.

lemel (le-mel'), n. French, LE MULET. A mule.

lemolo (le-mo'-lo), n., adj. French Canadian, LE MORON; undoubtedly a corruption of MARRON, a runaway negro. Wild; untamed. It applies to men as well as animals, as, for instance, to the tribes which have had no intercourse with the settlements.

lemooto (le-moo'-to), or lam'-mu-to (lam'-mu-to), n. French, LES MOUTONS. Sheep.

lepan (le-pan'), n. French, LE PAIN. Bread; raised or light bread.

lepee (le-pee'), n. French, LE PIED. The feet.

lepishemo (le-pish'-e-mo), n. Quære u. d. The saddle-blanket and housings of a horse.

leplét (le-plét), n. French, LE PRÊTRE. A priest.

lepwau (le-pwau'), n. French, LES POIS. Peas.

lesak (le-sak'), n. French, LE SAC. A bag; a pocket.

lesap (le-sap'), or lezep (le-zep'), n. French, LES OEUFS. An egg; eggs.

leséeblo (le-sée-blo), n. French, LES ÉPERONS. Spurs.

leséezo (le-sée-zo), n. French, LE CISEAU. Scissors.

lesóok (le-sóok), n. French, LE SUCRE. Sugar.

letáh (le-táh), n. French, LE DENT. The teeth.

lewhet' (le-whet'), n. French, LE FOUET. A whip. Mamook lewhet, to whip.

lice, n. English. Rice.

likpuhu (lik-pu'-hu), or likpo (lik'-po), n. (Hale.) An elder sister. Mr. Hale gives this as a Chinook word. If so, it is probably a corruption of KUP'HO. It is not used in Jargon.

liplip (lip'-lip), v. By onoma. (Hale). To boil Mamook liplip, to make, or cause to boil.

lólo (ló-lo), v. Chinook, idem. Originally, to carry a child on the back. In Jargon, used in a more extended sense. To carry; to load. Lolo kopa tsiktsik, to carry in a cart. Mamook lolo kopa canim, to load into a canoe.

lolo' (lo-lo'), adj. Chinook, LOWULLO. Round; whole; the entire of any thing. Lolo sapeleel, whole wheat; mamook lolo, to roll up (Shaw).

lope, n. English, ROPE. A rope. Tenas lope, a cord; skin lope, a raw hide, riata, or thong.

lukutchee (luk'-ut-chee), or lákwitchee (lá-kwit-chee), n. French, LA COQUILLE. (?) Clams. Used chiefly on Puget Sound.

lum, n. English, RUM. Spirits of any sort.

m
máhkook (máh-kook), v., n. Nootka, MÁKUK; Nittinat and Tokwaht, idem; Makah, BÁKWATL. To buy or sell; trade or exchange; a bargain. As their buying and selling was merely barter, the same word always answered for both operations. Kah mika mahkook okook calipeen? where did you buy that rifle? hyas mahkook, dear; tenas mahkook, cheap.

máhkookhouse (máh-kook-house) A trading-house or a store.

máhlie (máh-lie), v. Nisqually. To forget. Of local use on Puget Sound.

mahsh, v. a. French, MARCHER. To leave; to turn out; to throw away; to part with; remove. Ex. Mahsh chuck kopa boat, bail the boat out; mahsh okook salmon, throw away that fish; mahsh maika capo, take off your coat; mahsh! (to a dog) get out! mahsh tenas, to have a child; to be delivered; yakka mahsh tum-tum kopa nika, he has given me his orders, or told me his wishes; mahsh kow, to untie; mahsh stone, to castrate.

máhsie (máh-sie), v. French, MERCIE. Thank you.

máhtlinnie (máht-lin-nie), adv. Chinook, MÁTLINI. Off shore. (In boating), keep off! (if on land), towards the water.

máhtwillie (máht-wil-lie), adv. Chinook, MÁTHWILI. In shore; shoreward. (As a command), keep in; (on land), towards the woods, or the interior.

maláh (ma-láh), n. Chinook, MALAGH. Tinware; crockery; earthenware.

maliéh (mal-i-éh), v. French, MARIER. To marry.

mama (ma'-ma), n. English, MAMMA. A mother.

mamook (mam'-ook), v. a. Nootka, MAMUK. To make; to do; to work. It is the general active verb, and is used largely in combination with nouns and other verbs; as, mamook chahko, make to come, fetch; mamook kelipai, bring or send back; mamook isick, to paddle; mamook illahee, to dig.

man, n. English, idem. A man; the male of any animal. Ex. Man moolock, a buck elk; tenas man, a young man or boy.

mélakwa (mél-a-kwa), or málakwa (mál-a-kwa), n. French, MARANGOUIN. (Anderson.) A mosquito.

melass (mel'-ass), n. French, MELASSE. Molasses.

memaloost (mem'-a-loost), v., n., part. Chinook, MÉMALUST. To die; dead. Mamook memaloost, to kill.

mesáhchie (me-sáh-chie), adj. Chinook, MASÁCHI. Bad; wicked.

mesika (me-si'-ka), pron. Chinook, MESÁIKA. You; your; yours.

mika (mi'-ka), pron. Chinook, MÁIKA. Thou; thy; thine.

mimie (mi'-mie), adv. Chinook, MÁIAMI. Down stream.

mistchimas (mist-chi'-mas), n. Quære u. d. A slave. Dr. Scouler gives this word as Nootka and Columbian. Mr. Hale makes it Chinook. It is certainly, however, neither Chinook nor Chihalis; and Jewitt gives kakoelth as Nootka, while I find the Makah word kotlo, and the Nittinat kotl.

mitáss (mit-áss), n. Cree, MITAS. (Anderson.) Leggings. A word imported by the Canadian French.

mitlite (mit'-lite), v. Chinook, MITLAIT. To sit; sit down; stay at; reside; remain. It is also used in place of to have and to be. Ex. Mitlite kopa house, he is in the house; mitlite hyiu salmon kopa mika? have you plenty of salmon? mitlite ( imp. ), sit down; cultus mitlite, to stop anywhere without particular object; mitlite tenas, to be with child; mitlite keekwillie, to put down.

mitwhit (mit'-whit), v. Chinook, AMETWHET. To stand; stand up. Mitwhit stick, a standing tree; a mast.

mokst, adj. Chinook, MAKST. Two; twice.

moola (moo'-la), n. French, MOULIN. A mill. Stick moola, a saw-mill.

moolock (moo'-lock), n. Chinook, EMÚLUK. An elk. This word, strangely enough, occurs also in the Koquilth of Humboldt Bay.

moon, n. English, idem. The moon. Ikt moon, a month; sick moon, the wane or old moon.

moosmoos (moos'-moos), n. Klikatat, MÚSMUS; Chinook, EMÚSMUS. Buffalo; horned cattle. The word, slightly varied, is common to several languages. Mr. Anderson derives it from the Cree word moostoos, a buffalo, and supposes it to have been imported by the Canadians; but Father Pandosy makes musmus Yakama.

moosum (moo'-sum), v., n. Chihalis, MÚSAM. To sleep; sleep. Tikegh moosum, or olo moosum, to be sleepy (literally, to want, or be hungry for sleep ); nika hyas moosum, I slept very sound.

mówitsh (mów-itsh), or mah'-witsh (mah'-witsh), n. Nootka, MAUITSH (Hale); Nittinat, MOITSH, a deer; Nootka, MOOWATSH, a bear (Jewitt). A deer; venison. Frequently used to signify a wild animal; as, huloima mowitch, a strange or different kind of beast. The meaning given in Jewitt's book is probably a misprint. Like moolock, an elk, the word is found in the Koquilth of Humboldt Bay.

múckamuck (múck-a-muck), n., v. Quære u. d. MAKAMAK (Hale). To eat; to bite; food. Muckamuck chuck, &c., to drink water, or other liquid. Neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Mr. Anderson considers it an invented word.

musket (mus'-ket), n. English, idem. A gun or musket. Stick musket, a bow.

n
na The interrogative particle. Ex. Mika na klatawa okook sun? do you go to-day? Interrogation is, however, often conveyed by intonation only.

naáh (na-áh), n. Chinook, TLKANÁA. A mother. (Hale.) Peculiar to the Columbia, and now in fact obsolete, the Euglish MA'MA being used instead.

nah, interj. Common to several languages. Look here! I say! Nah sikhs! halloo, friend! Also used in common conversation to call attention to some point not thoroughly understood. In the Yakama language, it is the sign of the vocative; as, nah tehn! O man.

nanitsh (nan'-itsh), v. Quære u. d. To see; look; look for; seek. Nanitsh! look there! kloshe nanitsh! look out! take care! cultus nanitsh, to look round idly, or from curiosity only. Mamook nanitsh, to show. The word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr. Scouler gives nannanitch as Nootka and Columbian. It is possibly tbe former.

nauits (nau'-its), adv. Chihalis, NOITSH. Mr. Hale gives this for off shore; on the stream. It means, according to Mr. Anderson, the sea-beach, and is not properly a Jargon word.

nawitka (na-wit'-ka), adv. Chinook, idem; Klikatat and Yakama, N'WITKA. Yes; certainly; yes indeed; to be sure. Nawitka wake nika kumtuks, indeed I don't know. In answer to a negative question, many Indians use it as affirming the negative. Ex. Wake mika nanitsh? did you not see [it]? Nawitka, I did not.

nem, n. English, NAME. A name. Mamook nem, to name, or call by name.

nenámooks (ne-nám-ooks), n. Chinook, ENANÁMUKS. The land otter.

nesika (ne si'-ka), pron. Chinook, NISÁIKA. We; us; our.

newhah (ne'-whah) Chinook, NIWHA. It seems to be an adverb used, as is often the case, as a verb, the meaning being hither, come, or bring it hither. Ex. Newhah nika nanitsh, here, let me see it.

nika (ni'-ka), pron. Chinook, NAIKA. I; me; my; mine.

nose, n. English, idem. The nose; also, a promontory. Boat nose, the bow of a boat.

o
okoke (o'-koke), or okook (o'-kook), pron. Chinook, OKÖK. This; that; it. Iktah okook? what is that? okook sun, to-day; okook klaksta, he who; okook klaska, they (being present). It is often abbreviated to oke; as, oke sun.

olapitski (o'-la-pits-ki), n. Chinook, OÖLPITSKI. (Hale.) Fire. Not properly a Jargon word.

oleman (o'-le-man), n., adj. English, OLD MAN. An old man; old; worn out. Hyas oleman kiuatan, a very old horse. As regards articles, used in the sense of worn out.

olhyiu (ol'-hy-iu), n. Chinook, OLHAIYU. A seal.

olillie (o'-lil-lie), or olallie (o'-lal-lie), n. Belbella, idem. (Tolmie.) Originally the salmon berry. Chinook, KLÁLELLI, berries in general. Berries. Shot olillie, huckleberries; siahpult olillie, raspberries; salmon olillie, salmon berries, &c. On Puget Sound, always called OLALLIE.

olo (o'-lo), adj. Chinook, idem. Hungry. Olo chuck, thirsty; olo moosum, sleepy.

oluk (o'-luk), n. Chihalis, idem. A snake.

ona (o'-na), n. Chinook, EÓNA. The razor fish or solen; clams. Used only at mouth of the Columbia.

ooskan (oos'-kan), n. Chinook. A cup; a bowl.

opekwan (o'-pe-kwan), n. Chinook, ÓPEKWANH. A basket; tin kettle.

opitlkegh (o'-pitl-kegh), n. Chinook, ÓPTLIKE. A bow.

opitsah (o'-pit-sah), n. Chinook, ÓPTSAKH. A knife. Opitsah yakka sikhs (the knife's friend), a fork. The word is also used to denote a sweetheart.

opoots (o'-poots), or opootsh (o'-pootsh), n. Chinook, OBÉPUTSH, the fundament. The posterior; the fundament; the tail of an animal. Boat opoots, the rudder; opoots-sill, a breech clout.

ótelagh (óte-lagh), n. (Hale.) Chinook, OÖTLAKH. The sun. Not properly a Jargon word.

ow, n. Chinook, AU. A brother younger than the speaker.

p
pahtl, adj. Chinook, PÁTL. Full. Pahtl lum or paht-lum, drunk; pahtl chuck, wet; pahtl illahie, dirty; mamook pahtl, to fill.

paint, or pent, n., adj. English, PAINT. Mamook pent, to paint.

papa, n. English, idem. A father.

paseesie (pa'see-sie), n. Chinook, PASÍSI. A blanket; woollen cloth.

pasiooks (pa-si'-ooks), n., adj. Chinook, PASÍSIUKS. French; a Frenchman.

Mr. Hale supposed this to be a corruption of the French word Français. It is, however, really derived from the foregoing word, PASISI, with the terminal UKS, which is a plural form applied to living beings. Lewis and Clarke (vol. ii., p. 413) give Pashisheooks, clothmen, as the Chinook name for the whites, and this explanation was also furnished me by people of that tribe. It has since been generally restricted to the French Canadians, though among some of the tribes east of the Cascade Range, it is applied indiscriminately to all the Hudson's Bay people.

pchih, or pitchih (pit-chih), adj. Quære u. d. Thin in dimension, as of a board. (Shaw.) Not in common use.

pechúgh (pe-chúgh), adj. Chinook, PTSEKH. Green.

pee, conj. French, PUIS. (Anderson.) Then; besides; and; or; but. Pee weght, and also; besides which; pee nika wauwau wake, but I say, No.

pehpah (peh'-pah), n. English, PAPER. Paper; a letter; any writing. Mamook pehpah, to write.

pelton (pel'-ton), n., adj. Jargon. A fool; foolish; crazy. Kahkwa pelton, like a fool; hyas pelton mika, you are very silly. The Indians adopted this word from the name of a deranged person, Archibald Pelton, or perhaps Felton, whom Mr. Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to Astoria, and carried there with him. The circumstance is mentioned by Franchêre, in his "Narrative," trans, p. 149.

peshak (pe-shak'), or peshuk (pe-shuk'), adj. Nootka, PESHUK; Nittinat, idem. Bad.

pewhattie (pe-what'-tie), adj. Chinooi, PIHWÁTI. Thin, like paper, &c.

piah (pi'-ah), n., adj. English, FIRE. Fire; ripe; cooked. Mamook piah, to cook; to burn; piah-ship, a steamer; piah olillie, ripe berries; piah sapolill, baked bread; piah sick, the venereal disease; saghillie piah, lightning.

pil, adj. Chinook, TLPELPEL. Father Pandosy gives PILPILP, as signifying red, in the Nez Percé or Sahaptin, also. Red; of a reddish color. Pil illahie, red clay or vermilion; pil dolla, gold; pil chickamin, copper; pil kiuatan, a bay or chestnut horse.

pilpil (pil'-pil), n. Jargon. Blood. Mahsh pilpil, to bleed; to menstruate. Derived from the foregoing.

pish, n. English. Fish.

pitlilh (pit-lilh'), or pithlil (pit-hlil'), adj. Quære u. d. Thick in consistence, as molasses.

piupiu (piu-piu), n. French, PUER, to stink. Or from the sound often uttered expressive of disgust at a bad smell. A skunk.

poh, v. Chinook, idem. By onoma. Mamook poh, to blow out or extinguish, as a candle.

polaklie (po'-lak-lie), n., adj. Chinook, POLAKLI. Night; darkness; dark. Tenas polaklie, evening; hyas polaklie, late at night; very dark; sit-kum polaklie, midnight (literally, the half night ).

polallie (po'-lal-lie), n. Quære French, POUDRE. Gunpowder; dust; sand. Polallie illahie, sandy ground. The word is certainly neither Chinook nor Chihalis.

poo, n. By onoma. (Hale). The sound of a gun. Mamook poo, to shoot; moxt poo, a double-barrelled gun; tohum poo, a six-shooter. Nisqually, OPOO, to break wind.

poolie (poo'-lie), adj. French, POURRI. Rotten.

potlatch (pot'-latch), or pahtlatsh (paht'-latsh), n., v. Nootka, PAHCHILT (Jewitt); PACHAETL, or PACHATI (Cook). A gift; to give. Cultus potlatch, a present or free gift.

powitsh (pow'-itsh), n. Chinook, PAUITSH. A crab-apple.

pukpuk (puk'-puk), n. Probably an invented word. A blow with the fist; a fist-fight. Mamook pukpuk, to box; to fight with the fists; pukpuk solleks, to fight in anger.

pusspuss (puss'-puss), n. English. A cat. On Puget Sound, pronounced pish-pish. Hyas pusspuss, a cougar.

s
sághalie (ságh-a-lie), or sahhalie (sah'-ha-lie), adj. Chinook, SAKHALI; Clatsop, UKHSHAKHALI. Up; above; high. Saghalie tyee (literally, the chief above ), God. A term invented by the missionaries for want of a native one.

sail, or sill , n. English, SAIL. A sail; any cotton or linen goods. Mamook sail, to make sail; mamook keekwillie sail, to take in sail; tzum sail, printed cloth or calico. sa-kol'-eks, or se-kol'-uks , n. Chinook, TSAKÁLUKS, leggings. Trowsers; pantaloons. Keekwillie sakoleks, drawers. sal-lal', n. Chinook, KLKWUSHALA. (SHELWELL of Lewis and Clarke.) The sallal berry; fruit of gualtheria shallon.

salmon, n. English, idem. The salmon; fish generally. Tyee salmon, i.e., chief salmon, the spring salmon (salmo kwinnat, Rich.); masahchie salmon, a winter species (salmo canis, Suckley); tzum salmon, salmon trout.

salt, n., adj. English, idem. Salt, or a salt taste. Salt chuck, the sea.

sándelie (sán-de-lie), n., adj. French, CENDRÉ. Ash-colored. (Anderson.) A roan horse; roan-colored.

sapolill (sap'-o-lill), n. Chinook, TSÁPELEL. Wheat, flour, or meal. Piah sapolill, baked bread; lolo sapolill, whole wheat. The word has been erroneously supposed to come from the French la farine. It is, however, a true Indian word, and seems common to various Columbia river tribes. Pandosy gives SAPLIL as Yakama for bread; Lewis and Clarke write it CHAPELELL.

seáhhost (se-áh-host), or seaghost (se-agh'-ost), n. Chinook, SIÁKHOST, the face. The face; the eyes. Halo seahhost, blind; icht seahhost, one-eyed; lakit seahhost (four eyes), or dolla seahhost, spectacles.

seáhpo (se-áh-po), or seáhpult (se-áh-pult), n. French, CHAPEAU. A hat or cap. Seahpult olillie, the raspberry.

shame, or shem, n. English, idem. Shame. Halo shem mika? aren't you ashamed of yourself?

shántie (shán-tie), v. French, CHANTER. To sing.

shelokum (she-lok'-um), n. Chinook, TSHAILAKUMIT. (Anderson.) A looking-glass; glass.

ship, n. English, idem. A ship or vessel. Stick ship, a sailing vessel; piah ship, a steamer; ship-man, a sailor.

shoes, n. English, idem. Shoes; skin shoes; moccasins. Stick shoes, boots or shoes made of leather.

shot, n. English, idem. Shot; lead. Shot olillie, huckleberries.

shugah (shu'-gah), or shu'-kwa (shu'-kwa), n. English. Sugar.

shugh, n. Chinook, SHUKHSHUKH. A rattle. An imitation doubtless of the sound. (Anderson.) Shugh-opoots, a rattlesnake.

shut, n. English, SHIRT. A shirt.

shwáhkuk (shwáh-kuk), n. Chihalis, SHWAKÉUK. A frog.

siáh (si-áh), adj. Nootka, SAIÁ. Far; far off. Comparative distance is expressed by intonation or repetition; as, siah-siah, very far; wake siah, near, not far. Jewitt gives SIEYAH as the sky in Nootka, which was perhaps the true meaning, or, more probably, they called the sky "the afar."

siam (si-am), n. Chinook, ISHAIEM. The grizzly bear.

sick, adj. English, idem. Sick. Cole sick, the ague; sick tum-tum, grieved; sorry; jealous; unhappy.

sikhs, or shikhs, n. Chinook, SKASIKS; Sahaptin, SHIKSTUA. (Pandosy.) A friend. Used only towards men.

sinamoxt (sin'-a-moxt), adj. Chinook, SINIMAKST. Seven.

sipah (si'-pah), adj. Wasco. (Shaw.) Straight, like a ramrod. Of only local use.

siskiyou (sis'-ki-you), n. Cree. (Anderson.) A bob-tailed horse.

sitkum (sit'-kum), n., adj. Chinook, SITKUM (Anderson); Clatsop, ASITKO. A half; apart. Sitkuni dolla, half a dollar; sitkum sun, noon; tenas sitkum, a quarter, or a small part.

sitlay (sit'-lay), or sit'-li-ay (sit'-li-ay), n. French, LES ETRIERS. (Anderson.) Stirrups.

sitshum (sit'-shum), v. Chihalis, idem. To swim.

siwash (si'-wash), n., adj. French, SAUVAGE. An Indian; Indian.

skin, n. English, idem. Skin. Skin shoes, moccasins; stick skin, the bark of a tree.

skookum (skoo'-kum), or skookoom (skoo-koom'), n., adj. Chihalis, SKUKUM. A ghost; an evil spirit or demon; strong. Skookum tumtum, brave; skookum chuck, a rapid.

skwakwal (skwak'-wal), n. Chinook, SKAKULH (Anderson); Clatsop, SKAKOLI. A lamprey eel. Of local use only.

skwiskwis (skwis'-kwis), n. Chinook, Cathlamet dialect. A squirrel.

slahal (sla-hal'), n. Chinook, ETLALTLAL. A game played with ten small disks, one of which is marked.

smetocks (smet'-ocks), n. Chihalis, SMETTAKS. The large clam (Lutraria). Used only at the mouth of the Columbia river.

smoke, n. English, idem. Smoke; clouds; fog; steam.

snass, n. Quære u. d. Rain. Cole snass, snow. The word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis, and is perhaps manufactured.

snow, n. English, idem. Snow.

soap, n. English, idem. Soap.

solemie (so-le'-mie), n. Chinook, SULAMICH (Anderson); Clatsop, SHÖLBE. The cranberry.

solleks (sol'-leks), or sahleks (sah'-leks), n., adj. Quære u. d. Anger; angry. Mamook solleks, to fight; tikegh solleks, to be hostile; kumtuks solleks, to be passionate.

sopena (so'-pe-na), v. Chinook, T'SOPENA. To jump; to leap.

spooh (spo'-oh), or spoeh (spo'-eh), adj. Chinook, idem. Faded; any light color, as pale blue, drab, &c. Chahko spoeh, to fade.

spoon, n. English, idem. A spoon.

spose, conj. English, SUPPOSE. If; supposing; provided that; in order that. Spose mika nanitsh nika canim, if you see my canoe; spose nika klatawa kopa Chinook, if or when I go to Chinook; kahkwa spose, as if. See KLOSHK SPOSE.

stick, n., adj. English, idem. A stick; a tree; wood; wooden. Stick skin, bark; ship stick, a mast; mitwhit stick, a standing tree, icht stick, a yard measure; stick shoes, leather shoes or boots, as distinguished from skin shoes or moccasins; kull stick, oak (hard wood); isick stick, the ash (paddle wood).

stocken (stock'-en), n. English. Stockings or socks.

stoh, adj. Chinook, idem. Loose. Mamook stoh, to untie; unloose; undo. Metaphorically, to absolve.

stone, n. English, idem. A rock or stone; bone; horn; the testicles. Stone kiuatan, a stallion; mahsh stone, to castrate.

stotekin (stote'-kin), adj. Chinook, STOKTKIN. Eight.

stutchun (stutch'-un), n. English, STURGEON. The sturgeon.

sukwalal (suk-wal'-al), n. Chinook (Hale); Clatsop, SHUKWALÁLA, a gun or musket. No longer used in Jargon.

sun, n. English, idem. The sun; a day. Tenas sun, early; sitkum sun, noon; klip sun, sunset.

sunday (sun'-day), n. English, idem. Sunday. Icht Sunday, a week; hyas sunday, a holiday. A flag hoisted on a particular occasion is sometimes also called Sunday. The other days of the week are usually counted from this; as, icht, mokst, klone sun kopet Sunday, one, two, or three days after Sunday. Saturday used to be called at the Hudson's Bay Company's posts "muckamuck sun," food day, as the one on which the rations were issued.

t
taghum (tagh'-um), tohum (to'-hum), or tughum (tugh'-um), adj. Chinook, TAKHUM; Cowlitz, TUKHUM; Kwantlen, TUKHUM'; Selish, TÁKKAN. Six.

táhlkie (táhl-kie), or táhnlkie (táhnl-kie), adv. Chinook, TÁNLKI. Yesterday. Icht tahlkie, day before yesterday.

táhnim (táh-nim), v. Chihalis, idem. To measure. Of only local use, and not strictly Jargon.

tahtlelum (taht'-le-lum), or totlelum (tot'-le-lum), adj. Chinook, TATLELUM. Ten. The combinations from this are simple. Moxt, klone, &c., tahtlelum, signifying twenty, thirty, &c.; tahtlelum pe icht, &c., eleven, twelve, &c.

tálapus (tál-a-pus), n. Chinook, ITALIPAS; Yakama, TELIPA. (Pandosy.) The coyote or prairie wolf. A sort of deity or supernatural being, prominent in Indian mythology. A sneak.

tamáhnous (ta-máh-no-us), n. Chinook, ITAMÁNAWAS. A sort of guardian or familiar spirit; magic; luck; fortune; any thing supernatural. One's particular forte is said to be his tamahnous. Mamook tamahnous, to conjure; "make medecine;" masahchie tamahnous, witchcraft or necromancy. Mr. Andersen restricts the true meaning of the word to conjuring.

tamolitsh (ta-mo'-litsh), or tamowlitsh (ta-mow'-litsh), n. Chinook, TAMULITSH (Anderson); Yakama, TAMOLITSH (Pandosy). A tub; barrel; bucket. Icht tamolitsb, a bushel measure.

tanse, v., n. English, DANCE. To dance.

tchukin (t'chuk'-in), or tsughken (tsugh'-ken). See CHUCKIN.

tea, n. English, idem. Tea.

teáhwit (te-áh-wit), n. Chinook, TIÁWI; Clatsop, KLÁAWIT. The leg; the foot. Klatawa teahwit, to go on foot; to walk; klook teahwit, lame.

téhteh (téh-teh), v. Clatsop, TETEHAHA. To trot, as a horse. Of local use only.

tenas (ten'-as), or tanas (tan'-as), n., adj. Nootka, TANAS; Tokwaht, TENES. Small; few; little; a child; the young of any animal. Mokst nika tenas, I have two children; tenas hyiu, a few; tenas sun, early. Jewitt gives TANASSIE for a child in Nootka.

tepéh (te-péh), n. Chinook, TEPKÉH. Quills; the wings of a bird.

tikégh (tik-égh), or tukégh (tu-kégh), v. Chinook, TIKEKH. To want; wish; love; like. Hyas tikegh, to long for; ikta mika tikegh? what do you want?

tiktik (tik'-tik), n. By onoma. A watch.

tilikum (til'-i-kum), n. Chinook, TILIKHUM. People. Applied generally, it means those who are not chiefs. Cultus tilikum, common or insignificant persons; huloima tilikum, strangers; nika tilikum, my relations. It is also used to signify a tribe or band.

tilikummáma (til'-i-kum-má-ma), n. (Hale.) Chinook, TLKAMÁMA. A father. The word is not in use in Jargon.

till, or tull, adj., n. English, TIRE. Tired; heavy; weight; a weight. Hyas till nika, I am very tired; kansih till okook, how much does that weigh; mamook till, to weigh.

tintin (tin'-tin), n. By onoma. A bell; a musical instrument. Mamook tintin, to ring a bell. Among the Indians round the Hudson Bay Company's posts, the hours were thus known; as, mokst tintin kopet sitkum sun, two hours, i.e., two bells after noon.

tkópe (t'kópe), adj. Chinook, idem. White; light-colored.

tlehl. See KLALE.

tlkópe (tl'kópe), v. Chinook, idem. To cut; hew; chop.

toh, or tooh. By onoma. Mamook toh, to spit. A manufactured word.

tóketie (tóke-tie), adj. Kalapuya. Pretty. Not in common use.

tolo (to'-lo), v. Kalapuya. To earn; to win at a game; to gain. Kansih dolla nika tolo spose mamook? how many dollars will I earn if I work?

toluks (to'-luks), n. Clallam, TOYUK. The mussel. Used on Puget Sound only.

tomólla (to-mól-la), adv. English, TO-MORROW. Ikt tomolla, or copet tomolla, the day after.

tot, n. Chihalis, TOT, or TAT. An uncle.

toto (to'-to), v. By onoma. Chinook, TOKH-TOKH. To shake; sift any thing; winnow.

totoosh (to-toosh'), or tatoosh (ta-toosh'), n. Chippeway, TOTOSH. (Schoolcraft.) The breasts of a female; milk. Totoosh lakles, butter.

towagh (to-wagh'), adj. Chinook, TOWAKH. Bright; shining; light.

tsee, adj. Chinook, idem. Sweet.

tsee'pie (tsee'-pie), v. Kalapuya. To miss a mark; to mistake one's road; to make a blunder in speaking; to err or blunder. Tseepie wayhut, to take the wrong road.

tshike (tshi'-ke), adv. (Hale.) Quære u. d. Directly; soon. Not Jargon.

tshis, adj. Chinook, idem. Cold. Not in common use.

tsiátko (tsi-át-ko), n. Chihalis, Nisqually, &c., idem; Clatsop, ÉCHIATKU. A nocturnal demon, much feared by the Indians. The Skagits give this name to the "Couteaux," a tribe of Indians on Frazer River, of whom they stand in like awe.

tsiktsik (tsik'-tsik), or tchiktchik (tchik'-tchik), n. By onoma. A wagon; a cart; a wheel. Tsiktsik wayhut, a wagon-road.

tsiltsil (tsil'-tsil), or chilchil (chil'-chil), n. Chinook, ECHILCHIL. (Anderson.) Buttons; the stars.

tsish, v. By onoma., in imitation of the sound of a grindstone. (Shaw.) Mamook tsish, to sharpen. Of local use.

tsólepat (tsóle-pat), n. Klikatat. A shot-pouch. Of local use only.

tso'lo (tso'-lo), n. Kalapuya. (Shaw.) To wander in the dark; to lose one's way. Used in the Willamette valley.

tsugh, n., v. Chinook, idem. A crack or split. Mamook tsugh, to split; chahko tsugh, to become split or cracked, as by the heat of the sun; mamook tsugh illahie, is by some used instead of klugh, for to plough.

tsuk. See CHUCK.

tukamonuk (tuk-a-mo'-nuk), or takamonak (tak-a-mo'-nak), adj. Chinook, ITAKAMONAK. A hundred. It is, like ten, combined with the digits; as, icht, moxt, klone takamonak, one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, &c. Hyas takamonak, or tahtlelum takamonak, a thousand.

tukwilla (tuk'-wil-la), or tokwilla (to'-kwil-la), n. Kalapuya. The hazel-nut; nuts generally.

tumtum (tum'-tum), n. By onoma., from the pulsations of the heart. (Anderson.) The heart; the will; opinion. Mahsh tumtum, to give orders, mamook tumtum, to make up one's mind; mamook closhe tumtum, to make friends or peace; sick tumtum, grief; jealousy; moxt tumtum nika, I am undecided, i.e., I have two wills. Q. Kah nesika klatawa? where shall we go? A. Mika tumtum, wherever you please; as you will. Ikta mika tumtum? what do you think? Halo tumtum, without a will of one's own, as a child. The heart seems to be generally regarded as the seat of the mind or will.

tumwata (tum-wa'-ta), n. TUM, by onoma.; English, WATER. A waterfall, cascade, or cataract. Lewis and Clarke give TIMM as used by the Indians above the Dalles of the Columbia in directing them to the falls.

tupshin (tup'-shin), or tipsin (tip'-sin), v. Chihalis, TUPSHIN. A needle. Mamook tipsin, to sew; to mend; to patch.

túpso (túp-so), or tipso (tip'-so), n. Chinook, TEPSO, a leaf. Grass; leaves, fringe; feathers; fur. Often but incorrectly employed for YAKSO, hair; tipso illahie, prairie; dely tipso, hay.

tyee (ty'-ee), n., adj. Nootka, TAIYI; TYEE (Jewitt). A chief. Any thing of superior order. Saghalie tyee, the Deity; tyee salmon, the spring salmon. TOYON is given by some of the northwestern voyagers as the Eskimo appellation for chief.

tzum, n., adj. Chinook, idem. Mixed colors; spots or stripes; a mark or figure; writing; paint; painted. Tzum sill, printed calico; tzum pehpa, writing; mamook tzum, to write; tzum illahie, blazed or surveyed land.

w
wagh, v. Chinook, WAKH, To pour; to spill; to vomit. Mamook wagh chuck, pour out some water.

wake, adv. Nootka, WIK (Jewitt); Tokwaht, WEK. No; not.

waki (wa'-ki), adv. (Hale.) Chinook, WAKI. To-morrow. Not Jargon.

wappatoo (wap'-pa-too), n. Quære u. d. The root of the Sagitaria sagittifolia, which forms an article of food; the potato. The word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis, but is everywhere in common use.

wash, v. English, idem. Mamook wash, to wash.

waum, adj. English, WARM. Hyas waum, hot; waum illahie, summer; mamook waum, to heat; waum-sick-cole-sick, fever and ague.

wauwau (wau'-wau), v., n. Nootka; Nittinat, WÁWE. To talk; speak; call; ask; tell; answer; talk or conversation. Cultus wauwau, idle talk; stuff; nonsense; hyas wauwau, to shout.

wayhut (way'-hut), hwehkut (hweh'-kut), or weehut (wee'-hut), n. Chinook, WÉHUT, a road; Yakama, WIET, far. A road or trail. Tsik-tsik wayhut, a wagon-road. About Vancouver, on the Columbia, it is pronounced HWÉHKUT; on Puget Sound, WEEHUT.

weght, conj. Chinook, idem. Again; also; more. Pe nika weght, and I too; pahtlatsh weght, give me some more; tenas weght, a little more yet.

whim, v. Wasco. (Shaw.) To fell. Whim stick, a fallen tree; mamook whim okook stick, fell that tree. Also, to throw, in wrestling. Of local use only.

winapie (win'-a-pie), adv. Nootka; Nittinat, WILAPI. By-and-bye; presently; wait. Of local use; the Chinook ALKI being more common.

wind, or win, n. English, idem. Wind. The winds are often known by the country from which they blow; as, for instance, on the Columbia, an easterly is a Walla-walla wind; at the mouth of the river, a southerly is a Tilamooks wind, &c. Breath. Ex. Halo wind, out of breath; dead.

y
yahhul (yah'-hul), n. Chinook, YAKHUL; EUEKHOL. A name. Not in general use.

yáhka (yáh-ka), or yokka (yok'-ka), pron. Chinook, YÁKA. He; his; him; she; it, &c.

yahkisilth (yah'-kis-ilt'h), adj. Chinook, YAKISILT'H. Sharp. Mr. Anderson gives as the original, " cutting. "

yahwa (yah'-wa), adv. Chinook, YAWÁKH. There; thither; thence; beyond.

yahwhul (yah'-whul). See AYÁHWHUL.

yakso (yak'-so), n. Chinook, idem. The hair of the head; hair generally.

yakwahtin (ya-kwah'-tin), or kwahtin (kwah'-tin), n. Chinook and Clatsop, YAKWATIN. The belly; the entrails.

yaub. See LEJAUB.

yelakwat (yel'-a-kwat). See KALAKWAHTIE.

yiem (yi'-em), v., n. Chihalis, YAIEM. To relate; to tell a story; to confess to a priest; a story or tale.

youtl, adj. Quære Chihalis, EYUTLH; Nisqually, JUIL, glad. Pleased; proud; (of a horse), spirited. Hyas youtl yakka tumtum, his heart is very glad; he is much puffed up.

yoútlkut (yoútl-kut), adj., n. Chinook, YÚTLKUT. Long (in dimension); length.

yoútskut (yoút-skut), or yuteskut (yutes'-kut), adj. Chinook, YÚTSKUTA. Short (in dimension).

ysalth (y-salt'h), or yesalth (ye-salt'h). See E-SALT'H.

yukwa (yuk'-wa), adv. Chinook, YAKWÁ. Here; hither; this side of; this way. Yukwa kopa okook house, this side of that house.

Part II - English-Chinook
See Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon/Part II

title: Appendix:Chinook Jargon


text:
securitas

Noun

 * 1) security, safety

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: securitas


text:
ruten

Noun

 * 1) ruthenium

title: ruten


text:
gangaman

Noun

 * 1) antilopine kangaroo, antilopine wallaroo

title: gangaman


text: semicolons

title: semicolons


text:
matjjin

Noun

 * 1) language
 * 2) story
 * 3) word

title: matjjin


text:
도둑

Etymology
Often considered a, attested widely in Middle Korean as , but this would entail the highly irregular shift in all varieties of Korean. Some kind of Sinitic source seems evident, however.

Noun

 * 1) thief
 * 2)  robbery, thievery
 * 1)  robbery, thievery

title: 도둑


text:
niji

Noun

 * 1) uncle

title: niji


text:
mâtineau

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Young guard dog

title: mâtineau


text:
պարսկերեն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Persian language

Adverb

 * 1) in Persian

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to the Persian language

title: պարսկերեն


text:
სპარსული

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) Persian

Proper noun

 * 1) the Persian language

title: სპარსული


text:
mycotoxin

Noun

 * 1)  Any substance, produced by a mold or fungus, that is injurious to vertebrates upon ingestion, inhalation or skin contact.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan: micotoxina
 * Finnish: sienimyrkky, mykotoksiini
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: mykotoksyna
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: micotoxina

title: mycotoxin


text:
aflatoxin

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a family of mycotoxins, produced by molds of the  genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: aflatoksien
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: aflatoksiini
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Turkish: aflatoksin
 * Welsh: afflatocsin

title: aflatoxin


text:
teratogenic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, relating to, malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.
 * 2)  Causing malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.

Translations

 * Catalan: teratogènic, teratogènica
 * Finnish: teratogeeninen
 * French:, tératogénétique
 * Italian:, teratogeno
 * Portuguese: teratogênico, teratogénico
 * Spanish: teratogénico

 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 致畸
 * Finnish: teratogeeninen
 * French:
 * Italian:, teratogeno
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Irish:

Noun

 * 1) A teratogenic agent.

Translations

 * French:

title: teratogenic


text:
mylonite

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any rock that has undergone modifications due to dynamic recrystallization following plastic flow; a schist created by crushed or ground rock.

Translations

 * Finnish: myloniitti
 * German:

title: mylonite


text:
plastic flow

Noun

 * 1)  Any fluid flow in which movement is proportional to the applied force (above the yield value).
 * 2)  Any deformation caused by a sustained force.

title: plastic flow


text:
native element

Noun

 * 1)  any chemical element which occurs in nature uncombined with other elements; includes the atmospheric gases, several metals and semimetals, and the nonmetals sulfur and carbon

title: native element


text:
semimetal

Noun

 * 1)  A solid of which the conduction and valence band overlap slightly in energy.

Noun

 * 1)  metalloid

Etymology
From.

title: semimetal


text:
natrolite

Noun

 * 1)  A fibrous zeolite mineral, being a sodium aluminosilicate, of the chemical formula Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O.

Translations

 * Finnish: natroliitti
 * French:
 * Italian: natrolite
 * Spanish: natrolita

title: natrolite


text:
Navier-Stokes equation

Etymology
Named after, French physicist, and , Irish mathematician and physicist.

Noun

 * 1)  A partial differential equation which describes the conservation of linear momentum for a Newtonian incompressible fluid.

title: Navier-Stokes equation


text:
partial differential equation

Noun

 * 1)  A differential equation that involves the partial derivatives of a function of several variables.

Translations

 * Catalan: equació diferencial en derivades parcials
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 偏微分方程
 * Hokkien: 偏微分方程
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: parta diferenciala ekvacio
 * Finnish:
 * French: équation différentielle aux dérivées partielles
 * German: partielle Differentialgleichung
 * Greek: μερική διαφορική εξίσωση
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: persamaan diferensial parsial
 * Italian: equazione differenziale alle derivate parziali, equazione alle derivate parziali
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 편미분방정식
 * Latin: aequātiō differentiālis partiālis
 * Malay: persamaan pembezaan separa
 * Polish: równanie różniczkowe cząstkowe
 * Portuguese: equação diferencial parcial
 * Serbo-Croatian: parcijalna diferencijalna jednadžba
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: bahaging tingiring tumbasan
 * Thai: สมการเชิงอนุพันธ์ย่อย
 * Vietnamese: phương trình vi phân riêng phần

title: partial differential equation


text:
differential equation

Etymology
First appears c. 1704 in the publications of. , which was coined by in 1676.

Noun

 * 1)  An equation involving the derivatives of a function.

Derived terms

 * (ODE)
 * (PDE)
 * (ODE)
 * (PDE)
 * (PDE)

Translations

 * Catalan: equació diferencial
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: diferenciální rovnice
 * Danish: differentialligning
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: diferenciala ekvacio
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: equazione differenziale
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: aequātiō differentiālis
 * Macedonian: диференција́лна ра́венка
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: differensialligning, differensiallikning
 * Nynorsk: differensiallikning
 * Polish: równanie różniczkowe
 * Portuguese: equação diferencial
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: дифференциа́льное уравне́ние
 * Serbo-Croatian: diferencijalna jednadžba, диференцијална једнаџба
 * Spanish: ecuación diferencial
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: tingiring tumbasan
 * Thai: สมการเชิงอนุพันธ์
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: phương trình vi phân

title: differential equation


text:
仕打ち

Noun

 * 1) treatment

title: 仕打ち


text:
partial derivative

Noun

 * 1)  A derivative with respect to one variable of a function of several variables with the other variables held constant.

Translations

 * Basque: deribatu partzial
 * Czech: parciální derivace
 * Dutch: partiële afgeleide
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: partielle Ableitung
 * Hebrew: נגזרת חלקית
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish: pochodna cząstkowa
 * Portuguese: derivada parcial
 * Romanian: derivată parțială
 * Russian: частная производная
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: парцијални извод, парцијална деривација
 * Roman: parcijalni izvod, parcijalna derivacija
 * Spanish: derivada parcial

title: partial derivative


text:
nematocide

Etymology

 * compare.

title: nematocide


text:
ryþþa

Etymology
From, clearly connected to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Possibly from, from a root shared by 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Or, from 🇨🇬,, , which would be related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mastiff, large dog

title: ryþþa


text:
爆竹

Noun

 * 1) firecracker

Noun

 * 1) a firecracker

title: 爆竹


text:
ᛁ

Letter

 * 1) A letter of the Runic alphabet, present in the Elder Fuþark (ᛁ), the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc (ᛁ, called is), and the Younger Fuþark (ᛁ, called isa in Old Norse and iss in Icelandic), representing  or  and associated with ice.

title: ᛁ


text:
許す

Etymology
Compound of.

Verb

 * 1) to forgive, to pardon, to excuse
 * 2) to allow, to permit
 * 1) to allow, to permit
 * 1) to allow, to permit

title: 許す


text:
sembilan

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  nine

Etymology
From, from ,. Reanalysed as. .

Etymology
From,. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  nine

title: sembilan


text: Category:Indonesian numerals

title: Category:Indonesian numerals


text:
ᛄ

Etymology
From the Elder Fuþark ᛃ, possibly a modification of the Latin G or C, possibly a Germanic innovation.

Letter

 * 1) A letter of the Runic alphabet, present in the Elder Fuþark (ᛃ), the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc (ᛄ, called ġēr), and the Younger Fuþark (ᛅ, called ár in Old Norse), representing  in the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc, and associated with the year or the harvest.

title: ᛄ


text:
初めて

Adverb

 * 1) for the first time, first
 * 2) reaching a state after a certain experience; at last, finally
 * 1) reaching a state after a certain experience; at last, finally

Adverb

 * 1)  for the first time

title: 初めて


text:
入電

Noun

 * 1) the receipt of a telegram
 * 2) an incoming telegram
 * 3) a receiving phone call

Verb

 * 1) to receive a telegram
 * 2) to receive a phone call

title: 入電


text:
neon glow lamp

Noun

 * 1) A small, low-wattage lamp used as an indicator or nightlight, typically consisting of a pair of electrodes sealed in a bulb containing neon at low pressure.

title: neon glow lamp


text:
同胞

Noun

 * 1) offspring born from the same parents; siblings
 * 2) fellow countryman; compatriot; (by extension) people of the same ethnicity, including overseas Chinese and those in claimed territories

Noun

 * 1) sibling (child who shares common parents)
 * 2) compatriot; fellow countryman

Hyponyms

 * : brother; male sibling
 * : sister; female sibling

Related terms

 * : first cousin; one whose parents are siblings
 * , : second cousin; one whose grandparents are siblings

title: 同胞


text:
接触

Noun

 * 1) making contact; touch

Verb

 * 1) come into contact with
 * 2) keep in contact with

title: 接触


text:
neper

Etymology
From Joannes Neper, the Latinized name of, a Scottish mathematician.

Noun

 * 1)  A non-SI unit of the attenuation (or sometimes gain) of field and power quantities such as electronic signals; the natural logarithm of a ratio, with 1 Np (a ratio of 2.718:1) being equivalent to 8.686 dB.

Etymology
.

title: neper


text:
ᛇ

Etymology
Two variants of the word are reconstructed for Proto-Germanic, *īhaz (*ē2haz, from the Proto-Indo-European root *eikos), continued in Old English as ēoh and īh, and *īwaz (*ē2waz, from the Proto-Indo-European root *eiwos), continued in Old English as īw (whence yew). The latter is possibly an early loan from the Celtic.

Letter

 * 1) A letter of the Runic alphabet, present in the Elder Fuþark (ᛇ) and the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc (ᛇ, called ēoh) representing  or  and associated with the yew.

title: ᛇ


text:
mulligrubs

Etymology
From 16th century. Origin unknown. Perhaps based on.

Noun

 * 1)  colic
 * 2)  sullenness; sulky behaviour
 * 3)  low spirits, mild depression, the blues

title: mulligrubs


text:
alanyl

Noun

 * 1)  The univalent acyl radical, CH3CH(NH2)CO-, derived from the amino acid alanine.

Translations

 * Finnish: alanyyli

title: alanyl


text: Category:la:Family

title: Category:la:Family


text: Category:la:People

title: Category:la:People


text:
sullenness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being sullen.
 * 2)  The result or product of being sullen.
 * 1)  The result or product of being sullen.
 * 1)  The result or product of being sullen.

Translations

 * Finnish:, , ,
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σκυθρωπότης, βαρυθυμία
 * Maori: mūmū
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:, ,

title: sullenness


text:
wata

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Noun

 * 1) moon
 * 2) month

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) child

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Numeral

 * 1) four

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) cotton wool

Noun

 * 1) year

title: wata


text:
alumane

Noun

 * 1)  The compound aluminium hydride, AlH3

Usage notes
This is the proposed IUPAC name

title: alumane


text:
nina

Etymology
From the name, taken from the cartoonist Al Hirschfield's habit of hiding his daughter Nina's name in his drawings.

Noun

 * 1) A hidden message revealed in the completed grid of a crossword.

Noun

 * 1) fire

Noun

 * 1)  pupil
 * 2) doll
 * 3)  girl, female child
 * 1)  girl, female child

Etymology
From, a nursery or infantile word.

Noun

 * 1) mother

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  nose
 * 2) tip

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) you, you all;

Noun

 * 1)  water

Etymology
From, clipping of. Possibly a.

Noun

 * 1) girl
 * 2) young single woman

Noun

 * 1) name

Noun

 * 1) fire for cooking, candle, match

Noun

 * 1) woman, female

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) you, you all;

Usage notes

 * This is used where there is more than one addressee, as a simpler way of saying ni [1st referrent] … at ni [last referrent] (e.g. nina Pedro at Juan).
 * Where it precedes one name, this refers to the person and others surrounding them (e.g. nina Pedro refers to Pedro and anyone other around him, usually unspecified).

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) you, you all;

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) you, you all;

title: nina


text:
suti

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) brush

Noun

 * 1) name, title
 * 2) truth
 * 3)  noun

Usage notes
Not to be confused with.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pour

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) suit

title: suti


text:
astatane

Noun

 * 1)  astatine hydride or hydrogen astatide, HAt.

Usage notes
This is the IUPAC name.

title: astatane


text:
bromane

Noun

 * 1)  The compound bromine hydride or hydrogen bromide, HBr.

Usage notes
This is the IUPAC name.

title: bromane


text:
chlorane

Noun

 * 1)  The hydride of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, HCl

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name.

title: chlorane


text:
fluorane

Noun

 * 1)  Fluorine hydride or hydrogen fluoride, HF.

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name

title: fluorane


text:
iodane

Noun

 * 1)  iodine hydride or hydrogen iodide (chemical formula HI)

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name.

title: iodane


text:
sulphane

Noun

 * 1)  alternative name of sulfane

title: sulphane


text: palindromes

title: palindromes


text:
bismuthane

Noun

 * 1)  bismuth hydride, BiH$3$

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name

title: bismuthane


text:
indigane

Etymology
by unwinding the etymology of in order to avoid a conflict with the hydrocarbon already called "indane".

Noun

 * 1)  indium hydride, InH$3$

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name; as noted in the etymology section, systematic application of the name rules would yield "indane", but that name already had a historical meaning.

title: indigane


text:
polane

Noun

 * 1)  polonium hydride, PoH2 or H2Po

Usage notes

 * This is the IUPAC name.

title: polane


text:
thallane

Noun

 * 1)  thallium hydride, TlH3

title: thallane


text:
Category:English surnames

de:Kategorie:Nachname (Englisch) es:Categoría:EN:Apellidos fr:Catégorie:Noms de famille en anglais hu:Kategória:en:Családnevek ko:분류:영어 성씨 ru:Категория:Английские фамилии

title: Category:English surnames


text:
ovulatory period

Noun

 * 1) The period of time during which ovulation takes place.
 * 2) The period of time between ovulations.

title: ovulatory period


text: Category:Bengali numerals

title: Category:Bengali numerals


text:
২

Numeral

 * 1) 2 (two)

title: ২


text:
৩

Numeral

 * 1) 3 (three)

title: ৩


text:
User:SchuminWeb

For more information about this user, see User:SchuminWeb on Wikipedia.

title: User:SchuminWeb


text:
৪

Numeral

 * 1) 4 (four)

title: ৪


text:
৫

Numeral

 * 1) 5 (five)

title: ৫


text:
৬

Numeral

 * 1) 6 (six)

title: ৬


text:
ᐯᐯᔑᑰᑲᓐᔒ

Noun

 * 1) horse

title: ᐯᐯᔑᑰᑲᓐᔒ


text:
৭

Numeral

 * 1) 7 (seven)

title: ৭


text:
৮

Numeral

 * 1) 8 (eight)

title: ৮


text:
bulbourethral gland

Noun

 * 1) An exocrine gland which secretes a clear fluid known as pre-ejaculate or Cowper’s fluid (colloquially known as “pre-cum”) which is generated upon sexual arousal.

Translations

 * Arabic: غُدَّةُ بَصَلِيَّةُ إِحْليلِيَّة
 * Armenian: կոճղեզ-միզուկային գեղձ, կուպերյան գեղձ
 * Catalan: glàndula bulbouretral
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: bulbouretraalirauhanen, Cowperin rauhanen
 * Irish: faireog Cowper
 * Japanese: 尿道球腺, カウパー腺
 * Kazakh: Купер безі
 * Lithuanian: šlaplės stormens liauka,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: бульбоуретра́льная железа́, Ку́перова железа́
 * Slovene: mehurčasta žleza, búlbouretrálna žléza
 * Tamil: சிறுநீர்க்குழாய் மொட்டுச் சுரப்பி
 * Turkish: Cowper bezleri
 * Welsh: chwarren Cowper

title: bulbourethral gland


text:
৯

Numeral

 * 1) 9 (nine)

title: ৯


text:
loudspeakers

Noun

 * , especially a pair for a left and right channel.

title: loudspeakers


text:
seax

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  A short Saxon sword.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Russian: ,

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) knife

title: seax


text:
korfball

Etymology
Borrowing from. Equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  A non-contact unisex team sport originating from the Netherlands, similar to netball, where players attempt to throw a ball into a basket atop a pole.
 * 2)  The ball used in the sport of korfball.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: korfpallo
 * French:
 * German: Korfball, Korfballspiel
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: korfball
 * West Frisian: kuorbal

 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: korfpallo
 * French:
 * German: Korfball
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: korfboll
 * West Frisian: kuorbal

title: korfball


text:
korf

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) basket

title: korf


text:
amstellodamois

Adjective

 * 1) from Amsterdam

title: amstellodamois


text:
motocross

Etymology
From, a macaronic blend of , from and 🇨🇬. May be decomposed as.

Noun

 * 1)  A form of off-road motorbike racing.
 * 2)  An event where such racing takes place.

Translations

 * Belarusian: мотакро́с
 * Bulgarian: мотокро́с
 * Catalan: motocròs
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: motokros
 * Esperanto: motokroso
 * Finnish: motocross
 * French:
 * German: Motocross
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 모토크로스
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: motocross
 * Ukrainian: мотокро́с

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish: motocross-kilpailu
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: corrida/prova/competição de motocross

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motocross sport

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) motocross

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   (sport)

title: motocross


text:
chin-chin

Etymology 1
From, a of. Sometimes, especially in Italianate spellings, reborrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  To greet; to toast.
 * 2)  To say 'chin-chin'.
 * 1)  To say 'chin-chin'.

Etymology 2
Duplication of in its various senses. Compare.

Noun

 * 1)  Discussion, conversation, talk.
 * 2) * 1877, Mark Twain, letter published in Love Letters (1949), p. 198:
 * I haven't had so much chin-chin for years.

Etymology
From, a of , either , , or.

title: chin-chin


text:
интересно

Adverb

 * 1) interestingly

Usage notes

 * Macedonians commonly pronounce it as интере́сно, поинтере́сно, најинтере́сно (nonstandard).

Adverb

 * 1) interestingly, in an interesting manner

Predicative

 * 1) it is interesting
 * 2) I wonder
 * 1) I wonder

title: интересно


text:
run out the clock

Verb

 * 1)  To preserve a lead in a game by retaining possession, to waste time.

Translations

 * Catalan: ,
 * French:

title: run out the clock


text:
fishhook

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬. In the sense of a jack (playing card), refers to the shape of the letter J on the card.

Noun

 * 1) A barbed hook, usually metal, used for fishing.
 * 2)  A jack.
 * 1)  A jack.

Translations

 * Arabic: خَطَّاف
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: বৰশী
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: amu
 * Belarusian: кручо́к
 * Bikol Central:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chamicuro: c̈ho'kapeli
 * Cherokee: ᏑᏗ
 * Chichewa: mbedza nsomba
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Cornish: bagh
 * Czech:
 * Danish: fiskekrog,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: fiŝhoko
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, amocelo,
 * Gallurese: amu
 * Georgian: კაუჭი, ანკესი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἄγκιστρον
 * Hausa:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: hamo
 * Irish:
 * Old Irish: ǽcath
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 釣り鉤
 * Khmer: ផ្លែសន្ទូច
 * Korean:
 * Latin: hāmus
 * Latvian: āķis
 * Lithuanian: kabliukas, vąšelis
 * Macedonian: ја́дица
 * Malay: mata kail
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: ganċ tal-ħut
 * Maori: pohau, matau, maka
 * Maranao: banayaw
 * Mongolian: загасны дэгээ
 * Ngazidja Comorian: iloo
 * Norman: ain, cro
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Nynorsk: ongul, ongel
 * Old English: angol
 * Old Norse: ǫngull
 * Ottoman Turkish: زوقه, بالق ایكنه‌سی
 * Persian: قلاب ماهیگیری
 * Polabian: anďėl
 * Polish: haczyk wędkarski,
 * Portuguese:
 * Rapa Nui: mangai
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: рыболо́вный крючо́к,
 * Sardinian:
 * Campidanese: amu, gàmu
 * Logudorese: amu
 * Sassarese: amu
 * Scots: heuk
 * Scottish Gaelic: dubhan-iasgaich, dubhan
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: у̏дица
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: háčik
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: kokulka
 * Upper Sorbian: kótwička
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: fiskekrok,
 * Tagalog: bingwit
 * Tausug: bingit
 * Telugu:, గాలం
 * Thai: เบ็ดตกปลา
 * Tày: bết
 * Ukrainian: га́чок
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:
 * Yakan: pessi

Verb

 * 1)  To impale with a fishhook.
 * 2)  To bend back on itself like a fishhook.

title: fishhook


text:
goal kick

Noun

 * 1)  A set piece taken from the goal area after an attacker touches the ball out of play over the goal line.

Translations

 * Armenian: հարված դարպասից
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: kop od brány
 * Faroese: málspark
 * Finnish:
 * French: coup de pied de but
 * German:
 * Portuguese: pontapé de baliza, tiro de meta
 * Russian: уда́р от во́рот
 * Spanish: saque de puerta, saque de meta, saque de portería, saque de arco
 * Swedish:

title: goal kick


text:
fishhooks

Noun

 * 1)  A pair of jacks (the playing card)
 * 1)  A pair of jacks (the playing card)

title: fishhooks


text:
Category talk:Professions

Shouldn't this be merged with Category:Occupations ? Kappa 15:08, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, Wikipedia has Professions as a subcategory of Category:Occupations. But I'd say merg the whole lot, as there's not that much difference between the two, are there? --[[User:Dangherous|Dangherous] 15:20, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Professions


text:
Category talk:Occupations

Shouldn't this be merged with Category:Professions ? Kappa 15:09, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

RFM discussion: August–September 2015
Move to Category:Professions. A clearer name will encourage people to use this category correctly and more often (it is currently somewhat underutilised). —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:56, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Hmm. Category:Professions was previously deleted [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion/Others&oldid=3598285#Category:Professions in 2007] and then again [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?oldid=3670716#Category:Occupations_or_Category:Professions in 2008] (and discussed again [//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Beer_parlour/2009/December#Ambiguous_category_names in 2009-10]), with its contents being moved to Category:Occupations, each time on the theory that "Occupations" was clearer than "Professions". Occupations is a bit broader (whether that's a good thing or a bad thing), since it seems to also encompass hobbies. That may be useful, because hobbies are often difficult to cleanly distinguish from professions, since many can also be professions (e.g., most people play games as a hobby, but some people are professional gamers). - -sche (discuss) 23:20, 16 August 2015 (UTC)
 * That would be a nice distinction, but it doesn't seem to be made. Your points are valid, essentially, but if the name is contributing to the lack of use of this category, then it would be better just to give it the name one is looking for. MW really needs to support redirects for categorisation. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 00:55, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Are homemaker, shopkeeper, warehouseman, or day laborer more likely to be spoken of as occupations or professions? DCDuring TALK 01:13, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Shopkeeper and possibly warehouseman sound like professions; the other two are, I imagine, more likely to be spoken of as occupations. We could Category:Professions so that it would be a bluelink for Hotcat, but we could empty it into Category:Occupations periodically. Or could we just modify Hotcat to recognize aliases, so that e.g. if someone typed in 'Professions' it would accept and autocomplete it, but actually add 'Occupations'? - -sche (discuss) 02:07, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Hotcat having aliases would be an excellent stopgap measure. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:20, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * All dictionary definitions of I can find, including our own, mention that profession generally implies lengthy specialized training; to me it even implies university training at least to the bachelor's degree if not the master's degree. I would thus not call shopkeeper and warehouseman professions. But all professions are also occupations, so I'd stick to the broader term. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 19:16, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

 * There seems to be no support, so I am striking. However,, adding an alias would still be really good if you know how. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:38, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Occupations