text:
verfijnen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to refine

title: verfijnen


text:
aanbieder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  presenter
 * 2)  offerer, offeror, dispenser
 * 3) provider

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) provider

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: aanbieder


text:
cut and thrust

Etymology
A metaphor referring to swordplay.

Noun

 * 1)  The use of vehement arguments.

title: cut and thrust


text:
Appendix:Cuneiform script

The term "cuneiform script" covers a set of related scripts in use in the Ancient Near East for more than three millennia, evolving from an ideographic symbol system of the Uruk IV period (mid 4th millennium BC) until its gradual marginalization in Neo-Assyrian times, lingering on into Classical Antiquity (the last known inscription dates to the 1st century AD).

At least the following stages should be distinguished:
 * Uruk IV to Early Dynastic II: pictographic (proto-cuneiform), before 2600 BC (rotated by 90 degrees around 2800 BC), some 940 distinct signs are in use.
 * Early Dynastic III:
 * abstract ideographic (linear), for monumental inscriptions from ca. 2600 BC, some 870 distinct signs.
 * archaic cuneiform, for writing in clay, from ca. 2600 BC, "font variant" of the monumental script
 * Neo-Sumerian (Ur III) cuneiform, around 2000 BC, some 500 distinct signs.
 * Old Assyrian cuneiform, ca. 2000 - 1500 BC, some 600 distinct signs
 * Hittite cuneiform is a variant (mostly a subset) of Old Assyrian, some 380 distinct signs
 * (Middle Assyrian, ca. 1500 - 1000 BC, transitional between Old and Neo-Assyrian)
 * Neo-Assyrian, ca. 1000 BC until the script's extinction, considerable simplification of glyph shapes

There is a tendency of reducing the sign inventory, from some 1,000 to 500 signs during the 3rd millennium (late Uruk to Neo-Sumerian times), and to less than 400 in Hittite orthography, and a tendency of glyph simplification during the 2nd millennium (Neo-Sumerian to Neo-Assyrian times).

the Old Persian and Ugaritic scripts are "cuneiform" in appearance, but not directly related to this script.

Unicode as of version 5.0 defines a single "Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform" range, considering historical glyph developments from archaic to Neo-Assyrian glyph variants (comparable to the encoding philosophy of the Runic and Old Italic ranges). The character inventory, character names and sample glyph shapes in the official character chart are oriented towards archaic (mid third millennium BC, Sumerian) cuneiform; fonts implementing Assyrian or Hittite ductus will require considerably fewer than the total of 982 codepoints.

The script was originally designed for the Sumerian language, and adapted in turn to Akkadian, and hence to the Hittite and Hurrian languages. Languages of cuneiform records include:
 * Sumerian
 * Akkadian
 * Old Akkadian — 2500 – 1950 BCE
 * Old Babylonian/Old Assyrian — 1950 – 1530 BCE
 * Middle Babylonian/Middle Assyrian — 1530 – 1000 BCE
 * Neo-Babylonian/Neo-Assyrian — 1000 – 600 BCE
 * Late Babylonian — 600 BCE – 100 CE
 * Hittite — 1800 BCE – 1200 BCE
 * Luwian, in glosses in Hittite texts
 * Hurrian/Urartian ca. 1800 to 600 BCE

title: Appendix:Cuneiform script


text:
heiligen

Etymology 1
From, from , , from. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to hallow, to sanctify

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to hallow; to make holy
 * 2)  to regard or respect as holy
 * 1)  to regard or respect as holy
 * 1)  to regard or respect as holy

title: heiligen


text:
diplomatic bag

Noun

 * 1) A container with letters etc from representatives of a given country to another country, which has immunity from examination by customs officials.

Synonyms

 * (US)

title: diplomatic bag


text:
diplomatic pouch

Noun

 * 1)  A diplomatic bag.

title: diplomatic pouch


text:
heiligenbeeld

Noun

 * 1) image of a saint

title: heiligenbeeld


text:
Talk:source code

Countability of Source Code
Until recent times, "source code" has always been used as an uncountable noun. More than one set of source code was never referred to as "source codes" but it is being used this way more and more. However, I feel the classic usage is correct; source code is uncountable and should not have a plural form. I tried to change this page to show list the word as uncountable, but I'm not sure of Wiktionary syntax.

 * is a template - it is documented on its talk page. For an uncountable noun the syntax is . Jonathan Webley 15:21, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm with you on that - "source code" is uncountable, you can only pluralize "source code listings" or "source code documents". --WiseWoman (talk) 11:14, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * @ No, source codes does exist and it is attestable, it's just very rare. In these cases we say it's usually uncountable. Wiktionary goes by usage, and barely goes by people's ideas of language standards, when deciding which entries to keep. PseudoSkull (talk) 16:55, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * However, a level four "Usage notes" section may be added (above "Synonyms"), explaining that some avoid using this word in the plural and what those people would say instead.__Gamren (talk) 08:47, 29 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:source code


text: heiligenbeeldje

title: heiligenbeeldje


text: heiligenbeeldjes

title: heiligenbeeldjes


text:
マイクロ波

Etymology
ja,

Noun

 * 1)  a microwave

title: マイクロ波


text:
editie

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) edition

title: editie


text:
blinken

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to shine, to glitter (reflect light)

Etymology
From and, ultimately from the root of. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to blink flash on and off
 * 2) to indicate signal that one intends to turn left or right

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to shine, to glitter (reflect light)

title: blinken


text: HDCP

title: HDCP


text:
deliver the goods

Verb

 * 1)  To do what was promised or expected.

Translations

 * Finnish: täyttää lupauksensa,
 * French:

title: deliver the goods


text: barmhartige

title: barmhartige


text:
barmhartig

Etymology
From, from , , calque from. Equivalent to barmen (see ) +.

Adjective

 * 1) merciful
 * 2) charitable

title: barmhartig


text:
fallout shelter

Noun

 * 1) A thick-walled building, usually under the ground, built so that people can keep away from dust after a nuclear explosion.

Translations

 * Catalan: refugi antiatòmic
 * Czech: protiatomový kryt
 * Finnish:, ydinpommisuoja
 * French: abri anti-atomique
 * Hungarian: atombunker
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: schron przeciwatomowy
 * Portuguese: abrigo anti-atômico, refúgio nuclear
 * Russian: противорадиационное убе́жище

title: fallout shelter


text: fall-out shelter

title: fall-out shelter


text:
verwijden

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to widen

title: verwijden


text:
flat rate

Noun

 * 1)  a rate (typically of money) that does not vary over time
 * Customers are expected to pay a flat rate of £15 monthly.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 統一費率, 統一費用, 統售價格,, 包月費
 * Finnish: kiinteä hinta
 * French: ,
 * German:, , , , Einfachtarif, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Maori: pāpātanga pūmau
 * Polish: ryczałt

title: flat rate


text: verwijderd

title: verwijderd


text:
flat-rate

Adjective

 * 1)  Being or relating to a flat rate.
 * a flat-rate contribution

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: átalánydíjas
 * Italian: forfettario

title: flat-rate


text:
werkplek

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) workplace

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) workplace

title: werkplek


text:
flying visit

Noun

 * 1)  A very short visit.

Translations

 * Finnish: pikavierailu
 * German:
 * Italian:, mordi e fuggi, breve sosta, al volo

title: flying visit


text:
tweetalig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) bilingual

title: tweetalig


text:
invoeren

Verb

 * 1) to introduce
 * 2) to input
 * 3) to import
 * 1) to input
 * 2) to import
 * 1) to import
 * 1) to import
 * 1) to import
 * 1) to import
 * 1) to import

title: invoeren


text:
voeren

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , causative of (modern ).

Verb

 * 1)  to guide, lead
 * 2)  to wage war
 * 1)  to wage war
 * 1)  to wage war
 * 1)  to wage war

Etymology 2
A contraction of, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to line cover the inner surface

Etymology 3
From a contraction of, from ; and possibly also partially from , , from , from , related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, whence dialectal 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to feed

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to bring, to carry, to transport
 * 2) to lead (a person)
 * 3) to take (a person, under force)
 * 4) to carry on one's person, to have on oneself
 * 5) to carry out
 * 6) to export, to bring out of the city or land

title: voeren


text:
daarbij

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

title: daarbij


text:
go off the boil

Verb

 * 1)  To cease to boil when heat is no longer applied.
 * 2)  To lose interest; to pall.
 * 3)  To become of diminished intensity or urgency.
 * 4)  To become less successful.
 * 1)  To become of diminished intensity or urgency.
 * 2)  To become less successful.
 * 1)  To become of diminished intensity or urgency.
 * 2)  To become less successful.
 * 1)  To become of diminished intensity or urgency.
 * 2)  To become less successful.

title: go off the boil


text:
vragenlijst

Noun

 * 1) questionnaire

title: vragenlijst


text: duuren

title: duuren


text: duurt

title: duurt


text:
wensen

Etymology 1
From, also , in the eastern dialects, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to wish

title: wensen


text: wenst

title: wenst


text:
nullomer

Noun

 * 1)  A sequence of bases (in a nucleic acid) that is absent in one species (especially human) but may be present in others.

Usage notes

 * The coiner of this word also uses "nullopep" to mean the resulting peptide sequence - but the term has not yet been published.

title: nullomer


text:
eiken

Etymology 1
From. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) oaken

title: eiken


text:
plaatsen

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to place

title: plaatsen


text:
peptoprime

Noun

 * 1)  A sequence of amino acids that has never been found in any protein in any species; some of these sequences may be incompatible with life.

title: peptoprime


text: geplaatst

title: geplaatst


text:
hammer out

Verb

 * 1)  To come to (a difficult agreement or settlement) after much arguing and conflict.

title: hammer out


text:
hard-liner

Noun

 * 1) A person who takes a firm, uncompromising position on some policy.

Translations

 * Finnish: kovan linjan kannattaja,
 * Georgian: ჰარდლაინერი, უკომპრომისო, ხისტი პოლიტიკის მომხრე, მკაცრი ზომების გატარების მხარდამჭერი
 * German: ,
 * Indonesian: si garis keras
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: twardogłowy
 * Portuguese: linha-dura

title: hard-liner


text:
aanpassen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to change, adjust
 * 2)  to adjust, adapt
 * 3)  to fit, try on
 * 1)  to adjust, adapt
 * 2)  to fit, try on
 * 1)  to fit, try on
 * 1)  to fit, try on

title: aanpassen


text:
supercontinuum

Noun

 * 1)  light having both high spatial coherence and broad spectral bandwidth; i.e. laser light that is not monochromatic

title: supercontinuum


text:
smirch

Etymology 1
From, of  origin. Perhaps a derivative of, , or related to 🇨🇬. Compare also 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , modern 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Dirt, or a stain.
 * 2)  A stain on somebody's reputation.
 * 1)  A stain on somebody's reputation.

Translations

 * Czech:

Verb

 * 1)  To dirty; to make dirty.
 * 2)  To harm the reputation of; to smear or slander.
 * 1)  To harm the reputation of; to smear or slander.
 * 1)  To harm the reputation of; to smear or slander.
 * 1)  To harm the reputation of; to smear or slander.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: vuil maken
 * French:
 * Galician: ensuciar, ,
 * German: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: плямити, зама́рувати

Etymology 2
Meld of smear and chirp

Noun

 * 1)  A chirp of radiation power from an astronomical body that has a smeared appearance on its plot in the time-frequency plane (usually associated with massive bodies orbiting supermassive black holes)

title: smirch


text:
epicardial

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the epicardium

title: epicardial


text:
epicardium

Etymology
New Latin, from +. Attested in English from the 19th century.

Noun

 * 1)  The layer of tissue between the pericardium and the heart.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic: hjartahimna
 * Russian:

title: epicardium


text:
afmeting

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dimension (size)
 * 2) the act or process of measuring

title: afmeting


text:
in camera

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adverb

 * 1) In secret or in private (in an enclosed room, behind closed doors).
 * 2)  Without the presence of the public or the media (in court)
 * The trial was held in camera because the accused was a minor.
 * The trial was held in camera because the accused was a minor.
 * The trial was held in camera because the accused was a minor.
 * The trial was held in camera because the accused was a minor.

Translations

 * Irish: i gcúirt iata

 * French:

title: in camera


text:
neurovascularization

Noun

 * 1) The formation of a neurovascular system.
 * 2) The structure of a particular neurovascular system.

title: neurovascularization


text:
zorgeloos

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) carefree

title: zorgeloos


text:
neurovascular

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to both nerves and blood vessels.

Derived terms

 * microneurovascular / neuromicrovascular

Translations

 * Czech: neurovaskulární
 * French:
 * Irish: néarshoithíoch
 * Italian: neurovascolare
 * Spanish: neurovascular

title: neurovascular


text:
onderhoud

Noun

 * 1) interview

Etymology
Conjugated form of, turned into a noun.

Noun

 * 1) maintenance
 * 2) overhaul
 * 3) audience (formal meeting)
 * 4) basic needs

Verb

 * 1)  (1).
 * 2)  (1).
 * 3)  (2).

title: onderhoud


text:
cubic equation

Noun

 * 1)  A polynomial equation whose greatest exponent is 3.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: kubická rovnice
 * Finnish: kolmannen asteen polynomi, kuutiollinen polynomi
 * French:
 * German: kubische Gleichung
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: 三次方程式
 * Polish: równanie sześcienne
 * Russian: куби́ческое уравне́ние
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: buuking tumbasan

title: cubic equation


text: Category:Albanian proper nouns

title: Category:Albanian proper nouns


text:
onderhouden

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to maintain

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) to submerge, keep under

title: onderhouden


text: Category:sq:Countries

title: Category:sq:Countries


text:
trouble spot

Noun

 * 1) A location of difficulties or hostilities; a hot spot; a flashpoint.

title: trouble spot


text: Category:sq:Geography

title: Category:sq:Geography


text:
jackbooted

Etymology

From.

Adjective

 * 1) Wearing jackboots.
 * 2)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.
 * 1)  Authoritarian or oppressive, especially in a cruel or violent manner.

title: jackbooted


text:
waardering

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) appreciation
 * 2) appraisal

title: waardering


text:
cloyless

Adjective

 * 1) That does not cloy; uncloying.

title: cloyless


text:
cubic function

Noun

 * 1)  Any function (polynomial) whose greatest exponent is 3.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 三次函數
 * French: fonction cubique
 * German: kubische Funktion
 * Hungarian: harmadfokú függvény
 * Japanese: 三次関数
 * Polish: funkcja sześcienna
 * Russian: куби́ческая фу́нкция
 * Swedish: ,

title: cubic function


text: bewaaren

title: bewaaren


text:
industrial tribunal

Noun

 * 1)  A tribunal with jurisdiction to hear labour disputes.

title: industrial tribunal


text: bewaar

title: bewaar


text:
Thiomargarita

Etymology
+

Coordinate terms

 * , Beggiatoa,, , , , , - genera

title: Thiomargarita


text:
Thiotrichaceae

Etymology
(2005)

Synonyms

 * Subsumed into Thiotrichaceae:, ,

Hypernyms

 * ; - class;  - order

Hyponyms

 * , Beggiatoa,, , , , , , - genera

title: Thiotrichaceae


text:
knock-on effect

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1)  A secondary, often unintended effect; a repercussion, chain reaction.
 * 2) * 2007, March 24th, The Economist magazine, page 51:
 * There are various knock-on effects [to the international boycott of the Palestinian government]. PA [Palestinian Authority] services, particularly health and education, have deteriorated sharply because of supply shortages and strikes by workers. Much of the time hospitals have been seeing only emergency cases.
 * There are various knock-on effects [to the international boycott of the Palestinian government]. PA [Palestinian Authority] services, particularly health and education, have deteriorated sharply because of supply shortages and strikes by workers. Much of the time hospitals have been seeing only emergency cases.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Italian: effetto domino, effetto a catena
 * Spanish: efecto secundario,

 * French:

title: knock-on effect


text:
Thiotrichales

Hypernyms

 * ; - class

Hyponyms

 *  - order subsumed
 * ,, , - families

title: Thiotrichales


text:
proteobacteria

Noun

 * 1) protobacterium

title: proteobacteria


text:
live down

Verb

 * 1) To live so as to subdue or refute.
 * to live down slander
 * 1) To get used to something shameful.
 * He has never been able to live down his electoral defeat.

Usage notes
Most used in the negative sense, as above.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: elää läpi

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: päästä yli

 * Russian: ,

title: live down


text:
proteobacterium

Noun

 * 1) Any microbe of the phylum, many of which are pathogenic.

title: proteobacterium


text:
meting

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who metes; a distribution or handing out.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) measurement

Noun

 * 1) measurement, estimate

Usage notes

 * leyslig meting - rough estimate

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) picture: drawing, painting
 * 2) * c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
 * "ang"

- On ōðre wīsan wē sċēawiaþ mētinge and on ōðre wīsan stafas. Ne gǣþ nā māre tō mētinge būtan þæt þū hit ġesēo and herie. Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) meeting, assembly

title: meting


text:
parasitoid

Noun

 * 1) Any organism that is parasitic during part of its life cycle, especially one that eventually kills its host.

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: parassitoide
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: parasitoide

title: parasitoid


text:
proteorhodopsin

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several proteins, found in marine bacteria, that are light-dependent proton pumps.

title: proteorhodopsin


text:
mainspring

Etymology
From. For figurative sense, compare.

Noun

 * 1)  The principal spring of a clockwork mechanism, which drives it by uncoiling.
 * 2)  The most important reason for, or element of, something.
 * 1)  The most important reason for, or element of, something.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan: ressort motor
 * Chinese:
 * Egyptian Arabic: زمبلك
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ressort moteur
 * German: Antriebsfeder,, Hauptfeder
 * Ido: granda resorto
 * Japanese: ぜんまいばね
 * Kannada:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: zenbelka serekî
 * Manx: ard-lheimaghan
 * Polish: sprężyna napędowa
 * Spanish: resorte motor
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: بڑی کمانی
 * Vietnamese: dây cót chính

title: mainspring


text:
proton pump

Noun

 * 1)  Any protein in the membrane of a cell or mitochondrion whose function is to move protons across the membrane and thus establish an electrochemical potential.

Translations

 * Czech: protonová pumpa
 * Finnish:
 * Spanish: bomba de protones

title: proton pump


text:
stick figure

Noun

 * 1) A simple drawing, usually representing a human.
 * 2) A line drawing with a circle for the head and straight lines for the torso and limbs.
 * 3) An outline, with a more realistic body shape, commonly used on warning signs, bathroom doors, and in other such symbols.
 * 4)  A skinny person.
 * 1) An outline, with a more realistic body shape, commonly used on warning signs, bathroom doors, and in other such symbols.
 * 2)  A skinny person.

Translations

 * Catalan: figura de pal, ninot de pal
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 火柴人
 * Finnish:
 * French: bonhomme bâton,
 * German:
 * Irish: duine cipíneach
 * Korean: 막대인간
 * Norwegian: strekfigur
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: çöp adam
 * Vietnamese: người que

title: stick figure


text:
bacteriorhodopsin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several related purple photosynthetic proteins, found in halobacteria, that act as proton pumps

Translations

 * French:
 * Hungarian: bakteriorodopszin

title: bacteriorhodopsin


text:
Flavobacteriia

Etymology
2012, from, by insertion of additional i to distinguish it from other taxa proposed by

Hyponyms

 * - order

title: Flavobacteriia


text: flavobacteria

title: flavobacteria


text:
utterer

Noun

 * 1) One who utters something.

title: utterer


text:
flavobacterium

Noun

 * 1) Any of many Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, of the class   [sic], that occur in soil and water, and are mostly pigmented and photosynthetic.

Related terms

 * flavobacterial

title: flavobacterium


text: utterers

title: utterers


text:
бессмертный

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) immortal

title: бессмертный


text:
skeptically

Adverb

 * 1)  In a skeptical manner, with skepticism.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: skeptically


text:
sower

Etymology 1
From, from ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) One who or that which sows.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: səpinçi
 * Basque: ereile
 * Belarusian: сеяльшчык
 * Bulgarian: сеяч
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მთესველი
 * German:, Säerin
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: kylväjä
 * Irish: gineadóir
 * Italian:, seminatrice
 * Latin: sator
 * Middle English: sowere
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, semeadora
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Sorbian:
 * Upper Sorbian: sywc
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: mpanzi
 * Turkish:, ekim makinesi
 * Ukrainian: сіяч

title: sower


text:
муха

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect of genus or more generally of family
 * 2) cockabondy fishing bait

Declension
Dialectally:

Derived terms

 * мухо-

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fly

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  fly (insect)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect

title: муха


text:
afhalen

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to pick up, take away of e.g. a placed order

title: afhalen


text:
misfire

Etymology
Either a univerbation of earlier, or the compound (or possibly a confluence of both).

Noun

 * 1) An act of misfiring.
 * 2)  A failure.

Translations

 * German:
 * Irish: loiceadh
 * Russian:

Verb

 * 1)  To fail to discharge properly.
 * 2)  To fail to ignite in the proper sequence.
 * 3)  To initiate an action potential without the proper stimulus.
 * 4)  To fail to achieve the anticipated result.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani:
 * French: s'enrayer
 * Greek:
 * Irish: loic
 * Italian: incepparsi
 * Russian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * French:
 * German: fehlzünden
 * Spanish: encendido defectuoso, fallo de encendido
 * Swedish: feltändning,

 * German:

title: misfire


text:
afkorten

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to shorten
 * 2)  to abbreviate
 * 3)  to abridge

title: afkorten


text:
miss the mark

Verb

 * 1)  To fail to hit the target.
 * 2)  To fail to achieve the intended result.

title: miss the mark


text:
afmeten

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to measure off

title: afmeten


text:
Talk:knock-on effect

Don't we normally list the literal meaning first (i.e. the continued running of an engine after the ignition is cut) then the figurative/idiomatic meaning? The literal meaning is certainly common in the US, by the way, so the figurative use would be automatically understood. --Connel MacKenzie 18:21, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Clarification: I agree that the figurative use is very rare in the US, and therefore should be listed as a UK idiom. --Connel MacKenzie 18:22, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Feel free to add the literal meaning. Also, I use British English but I don't always know if what I say is purely British or not.zigzig20s 18:24, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, I'll take a shot at it. By the way, it is very interesting to note that the American idiom is domino effect.  Did the French pick it up from American, or American from French?  :-)       --Connel MacKenzie 18:26, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * No idea. To be fair, I don't think anyone in England would be too fazed by the phrase 'domino effect' - we hear so many American things on TV, etc. I'm not even sure that it would sound so American...not to young people anyway.zigzig20s 18:37, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I've removed the "US" from the see also. I think both are understood (obvious.)  If someone has a better idea for representing that one or the other might be preferred, I'd like to hear it!  --Connel MacKenzie 18:59, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Questionable definition (dieseling)
I have been seaching, without success, for evidence that the phrase "knock-on effect" is used to refer to dieseling in a car. In the US, dieseling is commonly called "knocking," not "knock on." If the phrase has been used in this way, in print, can someone please supply a citation? Otherwise, I will probably remove the first definition, which I cannot locate outside of this wiktionary entry.

On a related note, I've been searching for the earliest appearance of the phrase "knock-on effect" in print, and the earliest one I have found is from an article in Science, vol. 170 (1970), p. 281 ("The conversion process by which charged particles are produced from the others might be a 'knock-on' effect, such as the production of high-energy protons by neutrons passing through hydrogenous material"). Most early printed citations seem to come from the world of physics.

I think the literal meaning is more likely to refer to a billiard-ball effect or something of the sort. In fact, I am not sure how one would get from a dieseling effect to a domino effect, but a billiard-ball effect and a domino effect are essentially the same thing (one object knocks on another and transfers its momentum). Still, it is notable that I have found no instances of the phrase being used "literally," unless perhaps these early physics citations are using it in a literal sense (one particle knocks on another).

On another, perhaps related note, the OED has "Rugby Football. The act of knocking the ball forward" as the definition of "knock-on", from 1845. --Potosino 14:48, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

It occurs to me that "knock-on effect" is almost a direct translation of the late Latin repercussio (repercussion), which would be a good enough definition of the phrase. --Potosino 17:42, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

RFV
Rfv-sense
 * I have been searching, without success, for evidence that the phrase "knock-on effect" is used to refer to dieseling in a car. In the US, dieseling is commonly called "knocking," not "knock on." If the term "knock-on effect" has ever been used to mean "dieseling," can anyone please supply a citation? Otherwise, I think this definition should be removed. I cannot find any mention of this meaning for "knock-on effect" outside of this wiktionary entry.
 * I found a definition of knock-on ("a knock-off nut") in an automotive glossary, which makes it even less likely that there is current use of the term with the definition being challenged. And Knock-on refers to other things, including a rugby and a physics sense. DCDuring TALK 03:23, 2 October 2013 (UTC)
 * My understanding has been (please correct if I'm wrong) that knocking and dieseling are two different things. Knocking refers to preignition and associated abnormal sound (a.k.a. knock ) in a spark-ignited motor, or the normal running sound of a diesel motor, which was especially audible in the older engines. Dieseling is the continued running of a spark-ignited motor after the motor has been turned off from the key. If dieseling and knocking are actually synonymous, we need a new sense to "dieseling". --Hekaheka (talk) 05:40, 2 October 2013 (UTC)
 * To DCDuring: true about Knock-on; however, I don't find any other uses for "knock-on effect" other than the first definition given.
 * To Hekaheka: I'm sure that is true, and probably the entry for "dieseling" should be corrected. But my point here is that "knock-on effect" does not refer to any sort of car-engine noise, regardless of cause, and therefore that definition should be removed altogether from the "knock-on effect" entry. Does anyone disagree? (Also, too, how does this work? Is there a time limit, or does there need to be a vote or something? I just want to fix the danged entry and was informed I should go through this process instead of just fixing it myself like we did in the old days.)--Potosino (talk) 16:24, 2 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Where the problem is one of meaning, the RfV tag is inserted. Someone has to come up with citations before the later of 30 days or when a veteran contributor decides to close the RfV. Closing occurs when the closer thinks the matter has gotten sufficient attention and will not be getting any more that would be likely to change the outcome. DCDuring TALK 19:50, 2 October 2013 (UTC)

 * RFV failed: no quotations provided. For reference: . The term does seem to exist, but not in the questioned sense: "The continued running of an engine after the ignition has been turned off; dieseling"; OneLook dictionaries (as an auxi check) do not have the sense. --Dan Polansky (talk) 20:14, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:knock-on effect


text:
landbouw

Etymology
Compound of.

title: landbouw


text:
wide of the mark

Etymology
From archery and sports jargon. Sometimes corrupted to wide(ly) off the mark (as in far off the mark, way off base).

Pronunciation

Adjective

 * 1) Of a projectile: missing the target.
 * 2)  (Very) inaccurate.
 * 1)  (Very) inaccurate.
 * 1)  (Very) inaccurate.

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with, which has a similar meaning. Wide off the mark is generally regarded as incorrect, or at least.

title: wide of the mark


text:
landbouwer

Etymology
From.

title: landbouwer


text: User:O/Userboxes/Wikipedia

title: User:O/Userboxes/Wikipedia


text:
bouwer

Etymology
From.

title: bouwer


text:
attuale

Etymology
From, derived from.

Adjective

 * 1) present, current, modern, existing
 * 2) up-to-date
 * 3) topical, relevant
 * 4)  actual

title: attuale


text:
Wiktionary talk:Idioms that survived RFD

Wow. Where did we get this from? Neat. --Connel MacKenzie 18:49, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

"Scream like rain man" is not attested
And I mean not attested. Zero Google books, zero Google groups, zero Google blogs, 3 web hits, all from us.

Do we take it out, or change the category to "not idiomatic or not attested" and note it? -dmh 16:36, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * We can take it out. I had intended to go through the history and pick out more examples, but never got around to it. DAVilla 19:14, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Huh
This is great, but I'm having a hard time figuring out the intended scope of many of these tests, or how to determine when or if they have been applied. In particular, it's hard to grasp the intended distinction between the "fried egg," "prior knowledge," and "Egyptian pyramid" tests -- especially since in the case of Talk:fried egg it appears that the Egyptian pyramid test was what actually carried the day (the multiplicity of possible interpretations), and only minimal reference was made to the fried/scrambled distinction. -- Visviva 02:39, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * That's a good point. I overlooked the idea that "cooked by frying" could itself be restricted in a way, the meaning further subdivided, when I had meant that a distinct sense of the term was needed. Let me fill this page out a little more and I'll look into rewording Egyptian pyramid. DAVilla 07:40, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

From main page
I moved this here, as I don't see what relevance it has. See for yourselves. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:26, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Never mind test
Terms that are used to structure conversation.

(No terms have passed under this test.)

Easier said test
Terms whose final constituents are omitted, implying conventional knowledge.

(No terms have passed under this test.)

"Mind was crossed" test
Terms that cannot be rewritten in certain grammatical frames.

(No terms have passed under this test.)

Titular tests
Why are some tests not included in their sections? "in between", "rocking chair" and "once upon a time" are not included in those sections. - -sche 03:21, 13 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Because the terms were never proposed for deletion. I have linked the titles. - -sche 06:11, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

Regional idioms as naming examples
AFAICT fancy dress is not used much in the US in the idiomatic sense. As such it seems like a poor choice as the name for the idiomaticity test it is used to name here. It is confusing as its use could be interpreted as referring to the notion of idiomaticity involved in "we call it an X (telephone booth), but in the UK they call it a Y (telephone box)". DCDuring TALK 14:38, 13 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The "fancy dress test" has been cited to defend have a bath, have a wank, ground beef and pull the fire alarm. (One should add some of these to the list.) I support changing the name, perhaps to "in office", "in hospital" or "have a bath", if we note that "this test was formerly called the fancy dress test". - -sche 18:36, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Another idiom like "in hospital" is "at table", which I created today. - -sche (discuss) 07:09, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Unidentified
Are there any reason these particular ones are here? See Category:RFD result (passed). There are hundreds to choose from. --Mglovesfun (talk) 07:29, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

know someone in the biblical sense
re [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary%3AIdioms_that_survived_RFD&diff=29089831&oldid=27853879 diff]: I don't see any comments in Talk:know someone in the biblical sense that mention the "jiffy" test, nor do I think the test applies, since the Bible (obviously, as a logical pre-requisite) must have established and familiarized English speakers with bare "know" in the relevant sense before they could develop the longer phrase "know someone in the biblical sense". Davilla's comment could be taken to imply he thought the phrase "know someone in the biblical sense" predated "in the biblical sense", but that doesn't seem to have been the reason a majority of "keep" voters, or even anyone other than Davilla himself, voted to keep the longer phrase. - -sche (discuss) 15:49, 30 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The RfD (when the argument shifted to "it's know + in the biblical sense") was before the jiffy test came about, but it's the same criterion that Ruakh ("the know-less use of in the biblical sense [...] suggests to me that this phrase has taken on a life of its own."), DCDuring ("This seems to be one of the rare cases where we can find an appropriate lexical entry (in the biblical sense) to cover the construction generalizing from a core idiom (the know form).") and DAVilla ("This is part of the etymology of in the biblical sense") seem to have been using when they voted keep - namely, that in the biblical sense was derived from know in the biblical sense. Smurrayinchester (talk) 19:01, 30 September 2014 (UTC)
 * (Though feel free to remove it if I've misunderstood - I just thought it looked weird having only a single example.) Smurrayinchester (talk) 20:19, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

similes
I noticed that hot as hell survived RFD. John Cross (talk) 16:49, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

'Jiffy'-like 'aliquot' test for senses
On Talk:aliquot and then Talk:topiary, there is some support for the idea that if a term was an adjective before it was a noun, it should perhaps be considered to be an adjective even if all uses of it could now be analysed as attributive uses of the noun. (This has also been referenced on Talk:twin- concerning the POS of "twin".) - -sche (discuss) 22:20, 4 March 2018 (UTC)


text:
on the job

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) working; busy; at work.
 * 2)  Having sex.
 * 3)  Being a police officer, as contrasted with a civilian.
 * 1)  Having sex.
 * 2)  Being a police officer, as contrasted with a civilian.

title: on the job


text:
varhainen

Etymology
From, equivalent to dialectal.

Adjective

 * 1) early at an early moment in time
 * 2) early among the first of its kind; belonging to the early stage of something
 * 1) early among the first of its kind; belonging to the early stage of something
 * 1) early among the first of its kind; belonging to the early stage of something

title: varhainen


text:
autista

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) autistic

Noun

 * 1) autistic person

Noun

 * 1) autistic

Etymology
From. With the suffix.

Adjective

 * 1) autistic relating to autism

Noun

 * 1) autistic an autistic person

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) autistic

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) driver
 * 2) chauffeur
 * 1) chauffeur

Adjective

 * 1) autistic pertaining to, or having autism

Noun

 * 1) autistic person with autism

Adjective

 * 1) autistic

Noun

 * 1) autist, autistic

title: autista


text:
point of no return

Etymology
The expression originated in air navigation planning. The point along the planned flight path beyond which an aircraft will no longer be capable of returning to the takeoff airfield or an alternate airfield due to insufficient fuel is calculated before takeoff. This is mandatory for overwater flights or flights without alternates on route.

Noun

 * 1)  The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.
 * 2)  The point in any process or sequence of events where some development becomes inevitable.

Usage notes
Because of undesirable connotations elicited by the figurative use of the term, its use in air navigation has been superseded by the term point of safe return (PSR).

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 航線臨界點
 * Dutch: punt van veilige terugkeer
 * Finnish:, paluurajakohta
 * French:
 * German: Umkehrgrenzpunkt
 * Italian: punto di non ritorno
 * Japanese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: punto de no retorno

 * Arabic:
 * Catalan: punt de no-retorn
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 不能返回臨界點, 只能進不能退的地步, 有進無退的處境, 欲罷不能的狀態
 * Dutch: punt vanwaaruit geen terugkeer mogelijk is
 * Finnish: piste, josta ei ole paluuta
 * French:
 * German: no direct translation (see Zurück)
 * Italian: punto di non ritorno
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: punkt bez powrotu
 * Portuguese: ponto de não retorno
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: punto de no retorno
 * Ukrainian: то́чка непове́рнення
 * Welsh: pwynt di-droi'n-ôl

title: point of no return


text:
ankkuripaikka

Noun

 * 1) An anchorage; a place for anchoring.

title: ankkuripaikka


text:
ankkurointimaksu

Noun

 * 1) An anchorage; a fee charged for anchoring.

title: ankkurointimaksu


text:
augurio

Etymology
. Cf. also the old Italian form.

Noun

 * 1) wish,  wishes, greetings
 * 2) omen, presage, augury
 * 1) omen, presage, augury

Etymology
. Compare, an inherited doublet.

Noun

 * 1) augury, omen, sign

title: augurio


text:
Talk:opt out

Idiom?
Why is that idiomatic?zigzig20s 19:05, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks like a mistake, to my eye. --Connel MacKenzie 19:10, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:opt out


text:
auguri

Etymology 1
..

Noun

 * 1) augury
 * 2) omen, auspice

Noun

 * : regards, wishes

Noun

 * : augurs

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  intuition, foresight

title: auguri


text: diæretic

title: diæretic


text:
avventura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) adventure, venture
 * 2) love affair, affair, amour, fling, hookup
 * 1) love affair, affair, amour, fling, hookup

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) adventure, venture
 * 2) love affair, affair

title: avventura


text:
avversario

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) rival, opposing, foe

Noun

 * 1) opponent, antagonist, rival, adversary, foe

title: avversario


text:
phase in

Verb

 * 1)  To introduce (something) little by little, either via discrete phases of increase or (by extension) by continuous gradations; to introduce in phases, or as if by phases (gradually); to begin (something) gradually.
 * The government will phase in the new education system over a period of three years.
 * The program phased in last year.

title: phase in


text:
phase out

Verb

 * 1)  To remove or relinquish the use of (something) little by little, either via discrete diminishing phases or (by extension) by continuous gradations; to remove in phases, or as if by phases (gradually).

Translations

 * Danish: udfase
 * French: ,
 * German: auslaufen lassen, nach und nach abschaffen / aussondern
 * Hungarian: felmenő rendszerben / fokozatosan megszüntet/kivezet
 * Italian:
 * Swedish:

title: phase out


text:
sanka

Etymology
From, from , possibly borrowed from a descendant of. May be related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a handle for carrying, particularly one that is relatively thin but stiff, e.g. made of metal wire or another similar material
 * 2)  temple, arm of spectacles

Noun

 * 1) bunch of tobacco leaves

Etymology
From and  and  in the meaning of "hip".

Noun

 * 1)  butt, buttocks
 * 2)  bottom, bum
 * 3)  ass

Noun

 * 1) the

title: sanka


text:
käsinoja

Noun

 * 1) armrest, arm part of a seat for resting the arm on

title: käsinoja


text:
pool table

Noun

 * 1) A table used for playing pool.

Translations

 * Esperanto: bilardo
 * French: table de billard,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: tavolo da biliardo
 * Khmer: តុប៊ីយ៉ា
 * Macedonian: билија́рдска маса
 * Polish:, stół do bilarda
 * Portuguese: mesa de sinuca, mesa de bilhar
 * Russian: билья́рдный стол
 * Spanish: mesa de billar
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: bàn bi-a

title: pool table


text:
я говорю по-английски

Phrase

 * 1) I speak English.

title: я говорю по-английски


text:
power broker

Noun

 * 1) A person or group having the ability to influence important decisions, especially in public policy, politics, and business.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 權力經紀人
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: რუხი კარდინალი
 * German:
 * Italian: eminenza grigia
 * Japanese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, влия́тельная фигу́ра
 * Serbo-Croatian: siva eminencija

title: power broker


text:
zaag

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) saw cutting tool

Noun

 * 1) female nagger, whiner annoying woman

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) saw

title: zaag


text:
altezza

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) height, altitude, tallness
 * 2) top, peak, summit
 * 3) height, stature
 * 4)  Highness
 * 5)  width
 * 1) height, stature
 * 2)  Highness
 * 3)  width
 * 1)  width
 * 1)  width

Noun

 * 1) height

title: altezza


text:
rag-and-bone man

Noun

 * 1)  A man who deals in scrap metal and recycled junk (originally including rags and bones, in earlier centuries).

title: rag-and-bone man


text:
statura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) height, size, stature

Noun

 * 1) stature, size

title: statura


text:
haara

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), a variant of 🇨🇬 (whence ).

Noun

 * 1) branch of a tree
 * 2) branch anything that divides like the branch of a tree
 * 3) fork, bifurcation place where a tree or other object divides into two
 * 4) offshoot that which develops from something else
 * 5)  branch
 * 6)  legs, crotch (between the legs), astride (stand with spread legs above something)
 * 1)  branch
 * 2)  legs, crotch (between the legs), astride (stand with spread legs above something)

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) branch
 * 2) fork in the road
 * 1) fork in the road

Noun

 * 1) smoke of fire

title: haara


text:
on the rampage

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  behaving violently or rioting
 * The rioters went on the rampage and wrecked the town hall.

title: on the rampage


text:
лазерный

Adjective

 * 1)  laser

title: лазерный


text:
hiha

Etymology
From, from , possibly from earlier. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sleeve, arm part of a piece of clothing that covers the arm
 * 2)  maunch

title: hiha


text:
bureaula

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) desk drawer

title: bureaula


text:
eat like a pig

Verb

 * 1)  To chew noisily, with one's mouth open, especially while consuming large quantities greedily.

Translations

 * Portuguese: comer feito porco, comer como um porco

title: eat like a pig


text:
relief agency

Noun

 * 1) A humanitarian organization trying to bring relief to the poor and needy.

Translations

 * Danish:
 * Finnish: avustusjärjestö
 * French: organisation humanitaire

title: relief agency


text:
relief worker

Noun

 * 1) A person who works, often on a voluntary basis, in a relief agency.

Translations

 * Tagalog: manggagawang paginhawa

title: relief worker


text:
vaakuna

Etymology
Borrowed from, , variants of 🇨🇬 (compare modern 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) A coat of arms, insignia or arms of a family, state etc.

title: vaakuna


text:
relief map

Noun

 * 1)  A map that shows the three-dimensional topography of terrain, usually by use of contours but sometimes with colors or by hatching.

Translations

 * Catalan: mapa de relleu
 * Finnish: korkeuskartta
 * Irish: léarscáil rilífe, mapa rilífe
 * Swedish: reliefkarta
 * Turkish: kabartma harita

title: relief map


text:
kunstenaar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) artist

title: kunstenaar


text:
many happy returns

Etymology
The earliest attributable use was by Lady Newdigate in a letter written in 1789 (and published in Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels in 1898) : Many happy returns of ye day to us my Dr Love.

Translations

 * Finnish: paljon onnea
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: Isten éltessen (sokáig)!
 * Latvian: daudz baltu dieniņu
 * Manx: laa ruggyree sonney dhyt
 * Polish: sto lat
 * Romanian: mulți ani înainte
 * Russian: долгих лет жизни

title: many happy returns


text:
virittää

Etymology
. Related to, , 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to tune modify a musical instrument so that it produces the correct pitches
 * 2) to tune adjust a mechanical, electric or electronic device so that it functions optimally
 * 3) to tune make more precise, intense, or effective
 * 4) to voice tune the pipes of an organ
 * 5) to tune in adjust the frequency of a receiver to match with that of a specific television or radio station
 * 6) to set, arm, activate of a trap or similar, to make ready for action
 * 7) to light a fire, campfire
 * 8) to jury-rig create a makeshift, ad hoc solution from resources at hand
 * 9)  to generate act as a generator to an algebraic structure
 * 10)  to span generate an entire space by means of linear combinations

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to light

title: virittää


text:
scheikunde

Etymology
From. Purism introduced by Simon Stevin in the 16th century to replace the Dutch word which was a borrowing from Latin.

Noun

 * 1) chemistry

title: scheikunde


text:
geneeskunde

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) medicine discipline

title: geneeskunde


text:
shot in the arm

Noun

 * 1) An injection of a drug into the arm, whether for medical or recreational purposes.
 * 2)  A stimulus; a boost in energy, morale, or well-being.

title: shot in the arm


text:
seinneadair

Noun

 * 1) singer

title: seinneadair


text:
beeldend

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  visual, "plastic", pictorial

title: beeldend


text:
shop steward

Noun

 * 1) A local member of a trade union elected to represent his fellow workers in discussions with the management at a workplace.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 工會管事
 * Finnish:, , luottamusnainen,
 * French: délégué syndical
 * Scottish Gaelic: riochdaire aonaidh

title: shop steward


text:
enactment

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act of enacting, or the state of being enacted.
 * 2) The act of playing the part of.
 * 3)  The act of making (a bill) into law.
 * 4)  A piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body.
 * 1)  A piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body.
 * 1)  A piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body.

Translations

 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: achtú, achtachán
 * Portuguese: encenação

 * Maori: whakaturetanga

 * Azerbaijani: göstəriş
 * German: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: achtachán,, ordú,
 * Malay: enakmen

title: enactment


text: jojoba esters

title: jojoba esters


text:
ill-gotten

Adjective

 * 1) Obtained improperly or illegally.

Translations

 * French: mal acquis badly, wrongly acquired
 * Ladino: haram

title: ill-gotten


text:
事務所

Noun

 * 1) firm; office; agency

Noun

 * 1) an office

title: 事務所


text:
jojoba ester

Noun

 * 1) A wax obtained by interesterification of jojoba oil with long chain alcohols; used in cosmetics, etc.

title: jojoba ester


text: pool tables

title: pool tables


text:
interesterification

Noun

 * 1)  The reaction of an ester with an alcohol in order to obtain a different ester.

title: interesterification


text:
slush fund

Etymology
Originally in reference to money for miscellaneous uses that sailors made by selling.

Noun

 * 1)  Money stored for illegal or dishonest purposes.
 * 2)  Money that has not been hypothecated or dedicated to a particular purpose, or which is used for a different purpose than originally intended.
 * 1)  Money that has not been hypothecated or dedicated to a particular purpose, or which is used for a different purpose than originally intended.
 * 1)  Money that has not been hypothecated or dedicated to a particular purpose, or which is used for a different purpose than originally intended.
 * 1)  Money that has not been hypothecated or dedicated to a particular purpose, or which is used for a different purpose than originally intended.

Translations

 * Finnish: pimeä rahasto, lahjusrahasto
 * French:
 * German: Schmiergeldfonds, schwarze Kasse
 * Greek: μαύρο ταμείο
 * Italian: fondi neri
 * Japanese: 裏金
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese: caixa dois, saco azul

title: slush fund


text:
eer

Adverb

 * 1)   ever.

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) honour

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from.

Preposition

 * 1) ere, before

Etymology 3
From, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  copper
 * 2)  bronze

Etymology
From,.

Pronoun

 * 1) stressed dative of sie.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Adverb

 * 1) earlier, previously
 * 2) formerly
 * 3) first, beforehand

Conjunction

 * 1) ere, before

Preposition

 * 1) before

title: eer


text:
òranaiche

Noun

 * 1) singer, balladeer, soloist, songster, vocalist

title: òranaiche


text: slush funds

title: slush funds


text:
neach-seinn

Noun

 * 1) singer

title: neach-seinn


text: shop stewards

title: shop stewards


text: relief maps

title: relief maps


text:
bas-relief

Etymology
From, from , compound of + , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: барэлье́ф
 * Bulgarian: барелеф
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: barelyef
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: bareliefo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: baixo-relevo
 * German: ,
 * Greek: χαμηλό ανάγλυφο
 * Irish: rilíf íseal
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 浅浮き彫り
 * Kazakh: барельеф
 * Piedmontese: bas-riliev
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Welsh: basgerfwedd, cerfwedd isel

Adjective

 * 1) Refers to any aspect of sculpture which is flat or in the bas relief style.

Etymology
.

title: bas-relief


text:
aankijken

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to look at, to look in the eye

title: aankijken


text:
知財

Noun

 * 1)  IP; intellectual property

title: 知財


text: relief workers

title: relief workers


text:
gabh

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  take
 * 2)  arrest take into legal custody
 * 3)  go
 * 4)  come
 * 5)  perform

Usage notes

 * In Connemara, the future, conditional, and second-person singular imperative of this verb supply forms of . In Ulster, the entire imperative supplies alternative forms of both and.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) take, accept, receive, have
 * 2) contain, hold
 * 3) sing, say, give, deliver, perform
 * 4) get infected
 * 5) assume, pretend
 * 6) burn, kindle, ferment
 * 7) undertake, endeavour, be concerned with
 * 8) arrange
 * 9) can
 * 10) must, be compelled to
 * 11) enlist, engage as a servant
 * 12) make secure
 * 13) entertain, treat
 * 14) acknowledge
 * 15) worry
 * 16) conceive, become pregnant
 * 17) beat, belabour
 * 18) betake, repair, proceed, go
 * 19) rest
 * 1) conceive, become pregnant
 * 2) beat, belabour
 * 3) betake, repair, proceed, go
 * 4) rest

title: gabh


text:
知的財産

Noun

 * 1) intellectual property

title: 知的財産


text: folli

title: folli


text:
achting

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) esteem, respect

title: achting


text:
vermogen

Noun

 * 1) ability, power, capacity
 * 2)  power
 * Deze koelkast verbruikt een vermogen van 100 W.
 * This refrigerator consumes 100 W.
 * 1) fortune large sum of money
 * Dat huis kostte een vermogen.
 * That house cost a fortune.
 * 1)  wealth, fortune, property
 * Hij liet zijn hele vermogen na aan het Rode Kruis.
 * He left his entire fortune to the Red Cross.
 * Hij liet zijn hele vermogen na aan het Rode Kruis.
 * He left his entire fortune to the Red Cross.

Verb

 * 1)  to be able to do, to be able to achieve
 * Ik vermag er niets tegen.
 * I can't do anything about it.
 * Wat muziek al niet vermag ...
 * The things music can do...

title: vermogen


text: -aiche

title: -aiche


text: relief agencies

title: relief agencies


text:
-adair

Suffix

 * 1) Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’
 * seinn ("sing") → seinne ("singing") + -adair → ("singer")
 * cluich ("play", "performance") → cluiche ("playing", "performing") + -adair → ("player", "actor")
 * aoir ("lampoon", "satire") → aoire ("lampooning") + -adair → ("satirist")
 * 1) Forming nouns from verbs with the sense of ‘person or thing which does’
 * leugh ("read") + -adair → ("reader")
 * sgrìobh ("write") + -adair → ("writer")

title: -adair


text:
splinter group

Noun

 * 1) A group of members of a political party or of a similar organisation who have decided to create their own organisation.
 * Splinter groups in the centre Left or centre Right are often a shot in the arm for the Far Right or the Communist Party.

Translations

 * French: formation dissidente
 * German:

title: splinter group


text:
spy ring

Noun

 * 1) A network of spies.
 * the Russian spy ring

Translations

 * Afrikaans: spioenasiering, spioenasienet
 * Finnish: vakoilurengas
 * French: réseau d'espionnage
 * German:
 * Polish:

title: spy ring


text: rubicons

title: rubicons


text:
enkelvoud

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  singular

title: enkelvoud


text: splinter groups

title: splinter groups


text: spy rings

title: spy rings


text: power brokers

title: power brokers


text:
vervoegen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to conjugate
 * 2)  to join

Usage notes
Some speakers use this verb to mean "to join". Many speakers and language organisations consider this usage nonstandard and advise speakers to use, among other things, "zich (ver)voegen bij" or "zich aansluiten bij" instead.

title: vervoegen


text:
aanzien

Etymology 1
From, equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to watch, to view
 * 2)  to view as, to take for, to mistake for, to regard as

Etymology 2
From, equivalent to the gerund of the verb.

Noun

 * 1) (high) regard, prestige

Etymology 3
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to watch, to behold

title: aanzien


text:
stuffed like a turkey

Adjective

 * 1)  Very full from overeating.

title: stuffed like a turkey


text:
aangezien

Conjunction

 * 1) since, because

Usage notes
The subclause which follows this word should be in SOV order.

title: aangezien


text:
drunk as a skunk

Etymology
Although might refer to the aroma of some alcoholic beverage, the rhyme seems to have motivated this idiom.

Adjective

 * 1)  Highly inebriated.

Usage notes

 * This term follows the common pattern of omitting the first "as" of the full form "as drunk as a skunk".

Synonyms

 * ,, , , , , , , , , , , , ; see also Thesaurus:drunk

Translations

 * Danish: fuld som en allike
 * Finnish: kännissä kuin käki, umpikännissä
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: borracho como unha cuba
 * Polish:, , zalany w trupa, nawalony jak Messerschmitt, pijany w pień, pijany jak szewc, nawalony jak stodoła, nawalony jak autobus
 * Sicilian: mmriacu comu na signa
 * Spanish: como una cuba, borracho como una cuba
 * Swedish:, full som en kastrull

title: drunk as a skunk


text:
geslacht

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , related to , compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sex
 * 2)  gender
 * 3)  grammatical gender
 * 4) lineage
 * 5) generation
 * 6)  genus
 * 1) lineage
 * 2) generation
 * 3)  genus
 * 1) generation
 * 2)  genus
 * 1)  genus

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) lineage
 * 2) genus
 * 3) sex
 * 4)  sex organ
 * 5) grammatical gender

title: geslacht


text:
eigenschap

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) property, feature, quality

title: eigenschap


text:
aseistautua

Verb

 * 1)  To arm oneself, supply oneself with arms

title: aseistautua


text:
aseistaa

Verb

 * 1)  to arm, supply with arms

title: aseistaa


text: goldfinches

title: goldfinches


text:
wave field synthesis

Noun

 * 1) The use of mathematics and a large number of loudspeakers to accurately reproduce a given field of sound.

title: wave field synthesis


text:
bungling

Etymology
From the verb.

Adjective

 * 1) Incompetent or inept.

Noun

 * 1) An act of incompetence or ineptitude.
 * Your bungling nearly cost us our jobs.

Translations

 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: hálfkák
 * Irish: útamáil
 * Portuguese: ,

title: bungling


text:
manfully

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) In a manful manner; with the characteristics considered typical of a man, such as strength, courage, and determination.

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) Bravely, strongly, daringly, determinedly
 * 2)  In a way that displays nobility or manfulness.

title: manfully


text:
manful

Etymology
From, , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Showing the characteristics considered typical of a man; macho or manly
 * 2)  Courageous; noble; high-minded.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Noble, brave, strong, daring, determined; displaying virtues seen as manly.

title: manful


text:
beechnut

Noun

 * 1) The small, triangular, edible nut of the beech tree.

Translations

 * Abkhaz:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: ,
 * Basque: pagatxa
 * Bavarian: Buachegga, Buachl, Buachal
 * Bulgarian: буков жълъд
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fagonukso
 * Finnish: pyökinpähkinä
 * French: ,
 * Galician: favuco
 * Georgian: წიფლის თხილი, წიწიბო
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: Buechnüssli, Buchele
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: ,
 * Italian: faggiola, faggina
 * Kabardian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Manx: cro faih
 * Mingrelian: წიფურიშ თხირი, წიფურიშ კაკალი
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: бу́ковый оре́х
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бу̏квица
 * Latin:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: žir, bukov žir, búkəvca
 * Spanish:
 * Svan:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: kayın ağacı meyvesi
 * Welsh: cneuen ffawydd

title: beechnut


text:
ジャスミン

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) jasmine
 * 2) jasmine essential oil

title: ジャスミン


text:
bentwood

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  Lengths of wood that have been made pliable by heating with steam and then bent into the appropriate shape (to make furniture, ships' hulls, etc.).
 * 2)  An object, especially a piece of furniture, made from bentwood.
 * 1)  An object, especially a piece of furniture, made from bentwood.
 * 1)  An object, especially a piece of furniture, made from bentwood.

Translations

 * German:

title: bentwood


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Sanskrit

Transliterations
Why don't transliterations get wikified & get their own entries? Also, if that is the decision, then this page sould be a little clearer that they must not be wikified. Lastly, it isn't clear to me (not speaking any language that uses Sanskrit script) that transliterations are transliterations, in the current format recommended...is this something that can be changed? --Connel MacKenzie 22:51, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * there are lots of Sanskrit dictionaries in IAST, so I don't see why Wiktionary should discriminate against IAST (the de-facto standard in western editions). 83.78.31.94 19:43, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If you want to edit a policy or draft policy page on the wikt, at least create a user account and log in. Also: deletion of content is seriously discouraged. Reverted. Robert Ullmann 22:28, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

it is completely bizarre to keep Sanskrit entries in Devanagari in en-wiktionary. Devanagari entries can be a nice-to-have extra, but they are useless for IAST should clearly be recommended. --Dbachmann 16:25, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * marking accentuation using diacritics
 * marking morphology using hyphens
 * Accents and hyphens are supposed to be used in transliterations (the usual tr= parameter to, etc.). We ignore them in Devanagari (which does have Unicode support for Vedic accents) because they're not a part of "regular orthography". (we do so for many other languages, e.g. with vowel lengths macrons for Latin which are displayed only in the inflection line). I understand your case for Latin script and the problem of associating Sanskrit with Devanagari implying Hindu connections, but I really wonder is it worth all the trouble, with the Western scholarship using prevalently Devanagari for Sanskrit for more than a century... Unlike e.t. Tocharian which we add in Latin transcription because its script is note available in Unicode (and it won't for a long time to come), the problem of Sanskrit is that there are so many scripts to choose from. --Ivan Štambuk 19:16, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

The point is that Hindi Wiktionary will naturally use Devanagari for Sanskrit entries, just like the Bengali or Tamil Wiktionaries will use Bengali or Tamil scripts for the same Sanskrit words. There is no reason why English Wiktionary shouldn't use the most widespread script used for Sanskrit in English speaking contexts, which is IAST. I do not think that Western scholarship uses prevalently Devanagari for Sanskrit. If it uses any Indic script, that script will be Devanagari, but IAST used as least as often, already because of its objective advantages such as hyphenation, accentuation etc. --Dbachmann 11:05, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Visarga (ः)
What is the consensus about visarga ? Do we include it in entry names, or should we show it in the headword, or is this something for an alternate-spelling entry? I realize it alternates with म् स् depending on what follows, but if people are going to see it in texts, we should at least acknowledge that it exists in a great many terms. Chuck Entz (talk)
 * It's anusvara (ं) that alternates with म्. Visarga alternates with स् and sometimes र्. But it's wider than just visarga or just visarga and anusvara: the question is, what do we do with sandhi forms in general? They aren't exactly alternative spellings. Maybe we need a template, the way the mutated forms of the Celtic languages are marked with . —Angr 18:07, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oops! I thought I put स्, but I copied-and-pasted it to save time and grabbed the wrong character.
 * My reason for asking was that a new user did an inappropriate move to the visarga form (the page had entries in Hindi and a couple of other languages, so reverting was a no-brainer), but when I went to point out our standards for which forms to use as the lemma, I couldn't find anything.

 * We should at the very least specify the preferred form (even if it's the root without endings) for the lemma of each inflected POS.

 * It wouldn't hurt to have sandhi tables here- or at least links to them on WP or elsewhere. It would be nice if we could have enough information accessible from WT:ASA so someone could start with a random word from a text and figure out the lemma form in order to look it up. At least we should show the main sandhi variants for the usual alternating final consonants like स्/(ः) and म्/(ं). Chuck Entz (talk) 02:10, 19 June 2012 (UTC)
 * For nouns, I think the lemma form should be (and as far as I know this is already the general practice here) the stem without any ending, same as is given in well-respected reference works like Whitney and Monier-Williams. Thus, the main entry for the word meaning "horse" should be at [[अश्व]]. But, just as we have "form-of" entries for each non-nominative case form in Latin ([[eque]], [[equum]], [[equi]], [[equo]], [[equos], [[equis]]), we should have "form-of" entries for all the cases in Sanskrit. So while the main entry—the one containing the etymology, the gloss, synonyms, categories, and so forth—is at [[अश्व]], we should also have [[अश्वस्]] with the gloss "nominative singular of ". And for s-stems, of course, the lemma form itself ends in -स्, so the main entry of the word for "race" would be [[जनस्]]. Then sandhi variants like [[जनः]] and [[जनो]] would be glossed as "sandhi variant of " or the like, and [[अश्वः]] and [[अश्वो]] would also be glossed as "sandhi variant of " even though that's only a "form-of" entry itself. Does that make sense? I know what I mean, but I'm not sure I'm explaining it clearly. —Angr 20:44, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * For attested sandhi (re)spellings, entries using a template like seems appropriate. After all, we include attested pronunciation (re)spellings, etc, in other languages. - -sche (discuss) 16:49, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Where I notice them clashing with Pali word forms, I've been adding them using form tag 'sandhi form of' in inflection of and linking to the citation form, e.g. at कामो with the frequent clash between Sanskrit and Pali nominative singular and Hindi vocative plural:
 * I've just noticed that has been using combining form of.
 * Ah well. --RichardW57 (talk) 10:29, 27 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah well. --RichardW57 (talk) 10:29, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

Sanskrit pronunciation module
and whoever else may be interested: I've created a new and currently very naïve pronunciation module for Sanskrit at mod:sa-pronunc. I'd like to add many more features such as Vedic vs. Classical pronunciations and syllabification. I'd love and feedback or help people would like to provide! For instance, I'm not sure exactly what should be done about anusvara and visarga yet. Also, I'm not sure what the best way to mark vowel accentuation is. There's a test area set up at User:JohnC5/Sandbox2 which all are free to edit. — JohnC5 06:19, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm out of town without computer access, so I can't do much to help until I return in two weeks. However, I'll look at it and help if I can. —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 21:43, 19 July 2016 (UTC)
 * FYI: the primary discussion is now going on at Beer parlour/2016/July. — JohnC5 22:23, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

Hyphens in Devanagari?
In Category:Sanskrit prefixes and Category:Sanskrit suffixes, some entries have hyphens and some do not. What's right? By the way, do we even have non-Devanagari entries?__Gamren (talk) 08:41, 21 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I've never known the answer to this. — JohnC5 14:33, 21 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I think affixes should be marked with hyphens, if only because affix doesn't work properly otherwise. We've had a few discussions over the years about admitting Sanskrit entries in the Latin alphabet, but so far we've never reached consensus one way or the other. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 19:26, 21 March 2017 (UTC)
 * What about all the scripts associated with various Dravidian languages? Many of them have been used to write Sanskrit for a number of centuries. Chuck Entz (talk) 02:37, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I oppose using hyphens in the transliterations, even if it makes the etymologies better understood. Devanagari doesn't employ it or any other symbol to show compounds, e.g. Persian uses ZWNJ, which may have a visual effect of non-connected Arabic letters. Besides, I don't think hyphens are part of the standard IAST. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:45, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I know nothing of Sanskrit, but I generally support the idea that the described language should be as close to the actual language as possible, also orthographically. I suspect that to add a hyphen out of pedagogical reasons may be to do learners a . {af} may not work, but then we can use {prefix} and suffer the slightly more typing that ensues. This latter recognizes that Japanese doesn't have hyphens, so presumably we can do the same for Devanagari. This would have been easier if whoever made those templates initially had demanded users to provide hyphens when they are there.__Gamren (talk) 10:38, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I see no difference between using hyphens to mark affixes in Devanagari Sanskrit and using them in English. We have entries like and, even though we write  and not . —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 15:43, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't understand what you mean. In English, Danish, German and probably other European languages, there is a tradition of marking affixes with a hyphen. Devanagari apparently doesn't have that tradition. What does *un-clean-ness have to do with anything? I am genuinely bewildered.__Gamren (talk) 16:26, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't see a problem with hyphens in Devanagari. Benwing2 (talk) 19:30, 3 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Hyphens or other symbols that represent hyphens are not used in Sanskrit Devanagari. When they ar, then they can be transliterated, of course, as in Hindi . --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 22:03, 3 April 2017 (UTC)

Nachtragswörterbuch
I've added a template for referring to the Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit Template:R:sa:NWS. I know most people who use Wiktionary don't read German, so it's of limited use perhaps, but for those who do it's a reference which provides more up-to-date, more diverse, and more organised material than Monier-Williams (who in fact based his dictionary on the Petersburger Wörterbuch, which presents the core of the NWS). What do you think? —caoimhinoc (talk) 05:08, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

Verb Lemma forms
I've created a template for handling verb conjugations and have begun integrating it in pages where the older conjugation tables were being used, like भवति and रिणक्ति. I have a couple of sources in the documentation for that template. Of course, if anyone has any ideas to help out or update that module it'd be greatly appreciated.

The way I've gone about it is to treat Sanskrit the way Ancient Greek is being treated right now, and append the aorist, perfect, benedictive, conditional, etc forms to the main verb (whose lemma form is the third-person singular present tense indicative). Moving forward, is this the way we want to treat Sanskrit verbs (as in, is the third-person singular present tense indicative is the lemma form, and other forms, like say the third-person singular perfect tense indicative, are non-lemma)? Or, is the third-person singular present, perfect, aorist, conditional, etc various lemmas in their own right under the same root (the way secondary derivations like the causative, desiderative, etc are treated)?

In Monier-Williams these aren't really treated like lemma forms, and it also feels helpful to group them under the present tense form for sake of listing all primary verbal forms in one place. It would be great to ultimately formalize this here.

Dragonoid76 (talk) 19:36, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

 * @Benwing2 @AryamanA @Pulimaiyi bumping this again and tagging people who have edited this page to see if anyone has any thoughts on this. What counts as the "lemma form" for Sanskrit verbs? Most dictionaries list all the third-person singular (and sometimes more than just third-person) primary verb forms and secondary verbal forms under some sort of root. The way we have it, the third-person present singular is clearly a "lemma" form, like गमति and करोति.
 * Firstly, it seems like non-third-person-singular forms for any conjugation paradigm are rarely considered "lemma" forms if the third-person singular form for that paradigm exists.
 * Beyond that, there are a bunch of third-person forms that plausibly could be considered a "lemma". Considering the example of करोति, we haveː
 * करोतु, the imperative third-person singular. This form is non-lemma in other IE languages and so it makes sense that it should be non-lemma, but it's unclear whether:
 * it should be "underneath" करोति. If so, the imperative forms are included inside the conjugation paradigm of करोति and the link-out in the non-lemma page of करोतु says something like "third-person plural imperative of करोति". To me, this makes the most sense, and it's the way this sort of thing is handled in PIE, Latin, and Ancient Greek.
 * it should be "underneath" कृ. If so, the imperative forms are included somewhere on the root page and the link-out in the non-lemma page of करोतु says something like "third-person plural imperative of कृ". This seems like it'd needlessly clutter the root page.
 * कुर्यात्, the optative third-person singular. Same deal as above.
 * अकरोत्, the imperfect third-person singular. This one is non-lemma in PIE (included with the conjugation system of the present tense form) or Latin/Ancient Greek, but it seems like it could be a lemma form with its own conjugational scheme.
 * करिष्यति, the future third-person singular. Would be considered a lemma in PIE but not similar forms in Latin/Ancient Greek.
 * कर्ता, the periphrastic third-person singular future.
 * अकरिष्यत्, the conditional third-person singular
 * अकार्षीत्, the aorist
 * क्रियात्, the benedictive/precative
 * चकार, the perfect
 * non-finite forms like कर्तुम् (the infinitive), कृत (the past-passive participle), etc. These are definitely lemma forms in their own right, and it seems most natural to present them with the root in some way.
 * Here's one way of organizing things, which is not what we're doing right now and would require a bit of work, which makes a lot of sense to meː
 * The lemma verbal forms for the root कृ (which itself is a lemma "root" form) are करति (present), अकरत् (imperfect), करिष्यति (future), maybe कर्ता (periphrastic future), अकरिष्यत् (conditional), अकार्षीत् (aorist), क्रियात् (benedictive), and चकार (perfect). The page of each of these third-person singular forms is categorized under its type (e.g. "Category: Sanskrit periphrastic future verbs", or something similar), and lists the entire paradigm (including participles) for that type (the modules currently exist for this). Furthermore, the page of करति (present) also includes the aforementioned optative and imperative forms. All the non-lemma forms have pages that link back to the lemma form, and the lemma form links back to the root's page.
 * The page for the root कृ has some table, which needs to be created, to show the primary conjugations (the present, imperfect, future, periphrastic future, conditional, aorist, benedictive, and perfect) and the secondary conjugations (causative, desiderative, intensive). It's unclear whether this root page should also include whatever we call "non-lemma" forms, like the optative, passive, or imperative.
 * The drawback of this is that we can't see all verbal forms underneath the same page. You'd have to click into the pages like अकरिष्यत् and क्रियात् to see the conditional and benedictive paradigms.
 * Another way of organizing things, which is more similar to what we're doing in Ancient Greek and Latin is to put all the forms under the third-person singular, e.g. करोति, and make them all non-lemma. Pages like चकार should then say "third-person perfect of करोति" and not "third-person perfect of कृ", since the forms are located at करोति. The "root" page कृ then just includes, under verbal derivations, the page करोति alongside secondary derivations like the causative, desiderative, etc as it does right now in that little floating table on the right side.
 * This is definitely something that should be noted very clearly on the About Sanskrit page the same way it's noted clearly in the About Latin. Dragonoid76 (talk) 07:13, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Dragonoid76 I'd recommend (a) post this into the WT:Beer parlour, where you'll likely get more eyes on it, and (b) give a TL;DR summary of what you're looking to get advice on, since you've written a wall of text that I can't quite make sense of. Some people might have thoughts on it, e.g. User:RichardW57, who works with Pali, where the same issues come up. Benwing2 (talk) 21:15, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * And please be less racist and link to the various terms using m or l rather than square brackets. I also recommend using wgping to ping the members of the sa {Sanskrit}, pra (Prakrit) and possibly hi (Hindi) interest groups. RichardW57 (talk) 18:00, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @RichardW57 Please stop accusing people of racism, it is nonsensical and doesn't contribute anything. Benwing2 (talk) 18:25, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Only displaying the Devanagari disadvantages those who have no reason to read Devanagari yet know enough about Sanskrit to contribute usefully to the discussion, and is contrary to Wiktionary's principle of supplementing non-Roman script. It appears hostile to those who are not attached to the North Indian view of proper Sanskrit. --RichardW57m (talk) 14:07, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
 * You have a point, but you're being abrasive, and racist is not the correct term. —Caoimhin ceallach (talk) 17:22, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Are you planning to follow Benwing2's suggestion, or should we start replying to the substance of the discussion here? --RichardW57m (talk) 09:37, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Done, see Beer parlour/2023/August Dragonoid76 (talk) 04:24, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

Roots
@Dragonoid76, good job on the page update. I've a question: why is considered zero grade? Because historically it's full grade. —Caoimhin ceallach (talk) 12:56, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

 * @Caoimhin ceallach Thanks. Actually, maybe "zero grade" is the wrong word here. What I meant is that most dictionaries (e.g. Monier-Williams, Whitney) list as the "root", and the "root" usually corresponds with the historical zero-grade but this is not always the case. Mybe removing that would make things more clear. Dragonoid76 (talk) 13:05, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

Inflectional types of present active participle
How are we to distinguish present participles like that have strong stems in some non-neuter forms from those like  that don't?  Whitney distinguishes them as bhávant and júhvat. I suppose that for the purposes of generating declension tables by we could use 2 with some jiggery-pokery in the receiving module. --RichardW57 (talk) 05:49, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

 * @RichardW57 This is a good point. I've seen it both ways, which is pretty confusing, particularly because Monier-Williams gives both as . I think considering a variant form of  and a parameter  is a good idea, since it will be confusing if  means one thing and  means another. Dragonoid76 (talk) 19:53, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:About Sanskrit


text:
bibliographer

Noun

 * 1) A person who compiles bibliographies, or who studies bibliography.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Macedonian: библиогра́ф
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: bibliógrafo
 * Russian:

title: bibliographer


text:
大洋

Noun

 * 1) ocean; sea
 * 2) silver dollar

Synonyms

Noun

 * 1) ocean

title: 大洋


text: bibliographies

title: bibliographies


text:
奴隷

Noun

 * 1) a slave

title: 奴隷


text:
User talk:Trading Goddess

Thanks, but we already have that entry. --Connel MacKenzie 22:54, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

OK...sorry about that.

Here is the welcome boilerplate, which includes some links you may find useful:

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
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 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie 23:09, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Trading Goddess


text:
bibliographic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to bibliography.

Translations

 * Catalan: bibliogràfic
 * Czech: bibliografický
 * Finnish: bibliografinen
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: bibliographic


text:
bibliographical

Adjective

 * 1) bibliographic

title: bibliographical


text:
bibliographically

Adverb

 * 1) Concerning bibliography.

Translations

 * Polish: bibliograficznie
 * Portuguese: bibliograficamente

title: bibliographically


text:
nogal

Etymology
From, equivalent to +.

Adverb

 * 1) rather, quite

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) megapode

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) walnut tree
 * 2) walnut wood
 * 1) walnut wood

Adjective

 * 1) walnut

title: nogal


text:
-air

Etymology
From, from. In many cases borrowed or derived from.

Suffix

 * 1) -ary; of or pertaining to

Etymology
From, from , ultimately from , the accusative of.

title: -air


text:
lieveling

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) favorite
 * 2) darling

title: lieveling


text:
-ear

Etymology
From. , which was borrowed.

Derived terms
From.

Etymology
From, from. , which was borrowed.

Etymology
., which was borrowed.

Usage notes

 * The suffix is usually used for loanwords and proper nouns which are used in the form of a verb instead.

title: -ear


text:
krachtig

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

title: krachtig


text:
-iche

Etymology
Apparently originally a dialectal reflex of, a suffix used to create abstract nouns from adjectives, from.

Suffix

 * 1)  (e.g. )

title: -iche


text:
Template talk:defn

This (or at least this concept) might be useful for English phrasebook entries. --Connel MacKenzie 23:14, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Categorize template
Template itself should be categoized into Category:Request templates. Also, an interlanguage link should be added to no:mal:defn. __meco 23:04, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Allowing language codes
Can we use a / for this template to allow language codes to be passed in? --Bequw → ¢ • τ 23:50, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Seems like a perfectly reasonable idea, will do. Robert Ullmann 07:18, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Template:defn
Redundant, used for the same purpose as, but this doesn't produce the "This word needs a definition" text. Delete or redirect. --Yair rand (talk) 18:44, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Don't redirect without checking each entry, as it was added assuming it wouldn't display. I don't particularly mind redirecting after checking entries, or deleting after either substituting it or converting each instance to rfdef, but see no good reason to do so. —msh210℠ (talk) 18:50, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete when practical to do so. The two templates don't seem to be identical. is the better of the two, more 'standard'. For some reason  doesn't display anything, which leaves a gap under the inflection line and the next definition (when there is one). Nice spot, btw. Had never even considered nominating this for deletion. Mglovesfun (talk) 18:58, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure, but I think we have (or have had?) bots that added when the entry didn't have any # lines. Since there often is a definition in the entry, just ill-formatted, I think that that use makes more sense than trying to add #  in the right place. But for manual editing, I agree that  is superior. —Ruakh TALK 23:01, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes KassadBot does that. And yes, usually it's for definitions that don't start with a #, so the bot doesn't recognise them. But... since they all end up in the same categories, that's no help to us. UllmannBot also added it to a lot of CJKV entries, virtually all of them. If we were to keep it, we'd be better of making it categorize in a different category - though that in itself seems really lame. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:35, 8 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I've set up to accept lang=, so that a bot (mine probably) could convert all the uses of  to , at which point  could be switched to , if  fails RFDO, otherwise, not. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:23, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Note, what would happen to Category:Han characters needing common meanings? Mglovesfun (talk) 17:01, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Because KassadBot acts as described above, keep this without redirecting (i.e., keep it as a non-displaying template) for use in cleaning up entries. Even if it categorizes identically to rfdef, whatlinkshere can be used to identify tagged entries. —msh210℠ (talk) 19:32, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree, but... this would still be true for a redirect. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:22, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

Most definitely no consensus. I will try and update and  to reflect this debate. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:09, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Han characters
This tag should not be used on Han characters with Translingual definitions/sections. —Wiki Wikardo 09:13, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Can you give an example of what you mean? If you find the tag in the same language and part-of-speech section as some definitions (like [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=use&diff=prev&oldid=26941937 this]), then yes, the tag should be removed. On the other hand, if an entry has a translingual section with definitions, and a Chinese section without definitions but with, that's normal. That is, in fact, the primary use of this template. When I checked a week ago, there were ~30,000 entries like that (with definitions in the translingual section and not yet in the other language sections), and only ~150 entries that used it in any other way. The aim is ultimately to move the definitions out of the translingual section and into all appropriate language sections (for more on this, see User talk:Atitarev). - -sche (discuss) 23:08, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

Is this template really necessary?
I don't believe that the template is actually useful to readers or editors. If you don't know the definition of a word, you should research it and then add it to Wiktionary, or if all else fails, discuss it in the tea room. Readers shouldn't have to look for a definition for a word and instead see. just a common-level editor Did I make a mistake or are you concerned about one of my edits? Then, talk to me.

 * First of all, some background: almost all of the entries on which this template appears were imported a decade ago by a robot. As far as I no, no-one is adding new entries to Wiktionary, or if they are, they're a trickle which is comparable to the trickles of  entries that are added in other languages. Now, why are words sometimes added without definitions? Sometimes users can provide useful information besides definitions, such as pronunciation or romanization information; someone who wants to know how to romanize 層 is better served by a definitionless entry for it than by no entry at all. Meanwhile, someone who comes to the entry and sees the / template may add the definition, and indeed, people seem to have been doing just that, because there are fewer uses of this template today than there were when I checked a few months ago. :) - -sche (discuss) 00:30, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

RFDO discussion: July 2013–July 2014
I'm not sure why we have one template that shows a notice and one that doesn't. I think it's much more preferable to always show a notice. Compare [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=犬&oldid=21342053#Cantonese rfdef] with [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=犬&direction=prev&oldid=21342053#Cantonese defn]. 17:52, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * One good reason might be to keep the various request categories from being cluttered, as there is no particular other way to prioritize. It would be better if we had a system for collected "likes" for requests and sorted by the number of likes. DCDuring TALK 19:36, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * That might work if the typical use case was "person looks for some entries to fix". But the reality is more likely "person happens to visit entry, notices request to fix it". Because of that, I don't think adding a notice will have any negative effect whatsoever. And there is concrete evidence that adding notices in other cases has had a positive effect. For example, it has cause many more Dutch entries to have their genders/plurals fixed, compared to when those notices were not there. So they really do work. It's really just psychology: it is well known that humans are bad at noticing the absence of something, whereas the presence of something is more easily noticed, and something unexpected or unusual is noticed especially fast. 19:40, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I've wondered this myself. I agree that a notice should always be displayed. I support merging (redirecting) defn into rfdef. - -sche (discuss) 21:04, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I oppose the merger. The only noticeable effect will be to make Chinese character entries painfully messy and harder to use. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:40, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Not sure it's even possible to make Chinese character entries painfully messy and harder to use. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:37, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Kept due to no consensus. —msh210℠ (talk) 15:58, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

RFDO discussion: October 2015–September 2016
This is completely redundant to. Both templates have the same purpose and the same parameters. They only differ in what message is displayed. —CodeCat 13:55, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: According to [[template talk:defn]], we've kept this twice as "no consensus". —msh210℠ (talk) 17:00, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep for the reasons covered in the earlier discussions. —msh210℠ (talk) 17:00, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Hmm, my initial reaction is to say: delete per nom. But merging it into would flood the category that rfdef places entries into (rfdef seems to be deployed only on entries people specifically want defined, whereas defn was apparently deployed semi-automatically on a huge set of Chinese characters).  - -sche (discuss) 00:24, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
 * They already categorise the same way. —CodeCat 00:40, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I think as they stand they're near-identical. During past rfd's they had different parameters and categorization so a redirect wouldn't work whereas it would now. I'd honestly just delete this. The Han characters already have Category:Han characters needing common meanings which rfdef supports, so fears of an inundation of Han characters are unfounded. Renard Migrant (talk) 18:08, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Category:Chinese entries needing definition is already flooded anyway. See also Grease_pit/2015/December. —suzukaze (t・c) 07:33, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Delete or redirect per the above discussion. - -sche (discuss) 17:37, 24 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:11, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Deprecate but keep. Use AbuseFilter to deprecate it on the technical level by preventing saving pages that contain the template if possible or explain why it is not possible. Point: make page histories legible. --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:49, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

Redirected. —msh210℠ (talk) 21:05, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Template talk:defn


text: schijnt

title: schijnt


text:
neach

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) being, person

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) being, person, body, individual

Pronoun

 * 1) one, somebody, someone

title: neach


text:
bean-seinn

Noun

 * 1) singeress, songstress

title: bean-seinn


text:
fear-seinn

Noun

 * 1) male singer

title: fear-seinn


text:
Talk:timeserver

This could use a decent etymology...someone who is there just to serve their time in a particularly cushy capacity? Does this also have a negative side, i.e. in prison? --Connel MacKenzie 23:22, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think so, I think you got it right. I may be wrong but I don't think I have ever heard it used in the 'jailbird' sense - although obviously it would make sense...I'm just not sure that sense is used at all.zigzig20s 23:35, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:timeserver


text: oudst

title: oudst


text:
chanteur

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A male singer; often specifically a popular or cabaret singer.

Etymology
(oblique form), from, equivalent to French + ; compare also , derived from the Latin nominative. Alternatively, from a Latin.

Adjective

 * 1)  that sings

Noun

 * 1)  (male) singer

title: chanteur


text:
work to rule

Verb

 * 1)  To work slowly by strictly following all work rules, usually in a work-to-rule job action, as part of unionized labor protest.

title: work to rule


text:
cluicheadair

Noun

 * 1) player, actor

title: cluicheadair


text:
leughadair

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) reader

title: leughadair


text:
work-to-rule

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A labor protest in which employees do only the minimum work required by the rules of a workplace, following safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown.

Usage notes

 * A work-to-rule job action is a less severe form of labor protest than a, in which employees refuse to do any work.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: hidastuslakko,
 * French: ,
 * German: Dienst nach Vorschrift
 * Greek:
 * Italian: sciopero bianco
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: huelga de celo
 * Ukrainian: італі́йський страйк

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to such a protest.

title: work-to-rule


text:
clàrsair

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) harpist

title: clàrsair


text:
clàrsach

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) harp

title: clàrsach


text:
iasgair

Etymology
From. . Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fisher, fisherman

title: iasgair


text:
liefst

Adverb

 * 1) most preferably
 * 1) most preferably

title: liefst


text: beechnuts

title: beechnuts


text:
leighiche

Noun

 * 1) healer, practitioner, doctor

title: leighiche


text:
cuidiche

Noun

 * 1) helper, assistant

title: cuidiche


text: outsides

title: outsides


text:
slànaighear

Etymology
From, or else from , from.

Noun

 * 1) healer, savior

title: slànaighear


text:
cleasaiche

Noun

 * 1) player, actor

title: cleasaiche


text:
verkrijgen

Verb

 * 1) to obtain, gain, get

title: verkrijgen


text: 鸡卵

title: 鸡卵


text:
雞卵

Noun

 * 1)  chicken egg

title: 雞卵


text: ke-nn̄g

title: ke-nn̄g


text: koe-nn̄g

title: koe-nn̄g


text:
navolgen

Verb

 * 1) to succeed, to come after, to follow (an example)

title: navolgen


text:
ban-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From. Related to.

Etymology
From.

title: ban-


text:
cleas

Etymology 1
From. Perhaps ultimately related to.

Noun

 * 1) trick
 * 2) * 27 June 2015, Alan Titley, "Caimléireacht scrúdaithe", The Irish Times
 * "ga"

- Is é an cleas is fearr, gan amhras, ná go mbeadh an obair déanta,

 * 1) feat
 * 2) knack
 * 3) act

Declension
Alternative declension:

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  class, gang

Etymology
From. Perhaps ultimately related to.

Noun

 * 1) prank, joke
 * 2)  act, feat, exploit
 * 3) trick, stunt, device

title: cleas


text:
leugh

Etymology
From, from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), from.

Noun

 * 1)  young cow

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to read

title: leugh


text: outshined

title: outshined


text:
-ach

Suffix

 * 1)  our

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from a-stem suffix + adjectival suffix ; compare 🇨🇬. .

Declension
For nouns:

For adjectives:

Etymology 2
From, from (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in.

Etymology
From, from , from , , from a-stem suffix + adjectival suffix ,. .

Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes.

Etymology
From, with the vowel altered by influence from.

Etymology
From, from , , from a-stem suffix + adjectival suffix ,. .

Compare 🇨🇬,.

Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes.

Inflection
Adjective:

Noun:

Etymology
From, from , from , from a-stem suffix + adjectival suffix , ; compare 🇨🇬. .

Etymology 1
From, from , with the vowel altered by influence from.

Usage notes
Triggers fortition of the final consonant of the adjectival stem.

title: -ach


text: Category:Mycenaean Greek language

title: Category:Mycenaean Greek language


text:
a stitch in time saves nine

Etymology
From the practice of mending a small tear in cloth when first noticed ("in time"), before it becomes a larger one requiring more stitches.

Proverb

 * 1) A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 小洞不補，大洞吃苦,, (half the work, twice the effect)
 * Danish: udsæt ikke til i morgen, det du kan gøre i dag
 * Dutch: werk op tijd maakt welbereid
 * Finnish: parempi oja tukkia kuin joki
 * French: un point fait à temps en épargne cent,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: meglio prevenire che curare, prevenire è meglio che curare, è meglio prevenire che curare
 * Japanese: 今日の一針明日の十針
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: é melhor prevenir do que remediar
 * Russian: оди́н стежо́к, сде́ланный во́время, сто́ит девяти́
 * Serbo-Croatian: ono što možeš učiniti danas, ne ostavljaj za sutra
 * Spanish: más vale prevenir que curar
 * Swedish: bättre att stämma i bäcken än i ån;
 * Turkish: bir mıh nal kurtarır, bir nal bir at kurtarır

title: a stitch in time saves nine


text:
-each

Declension
For masculine nouns:

For adjectives:

Suffix

 * 1) Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’
 * Cuimreach, Spàinnteach, suaimhneach

title: -each


text:
л. с.

Noun

 * : HP, horsepower

title: л. с.


text: misfires

title: misfires


text:
misfiring

Noun

 * 1) The situation where something misfires.

title: misfiring