text:
neither

Etymology
Alteration (after ) of, from , , (whence also Modern ), from , contraction of , corresponding to  +. Compare. .

Pronunciation

 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.
 * See for pronunciation by region.

Determiner

 * 1) Not one of two; not either.
 * 2) Not either (used with nor).
 * 1) Not either (used with nor).
 * 1) Not either (used with nor).

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Bulgarian: нито един, никой
 * Cornish: naneyl
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ingen af, hverken
 * Dutch: geen van beide
 * Finnish: ei kumpikaan
 * French: aucun des deux
 * Galician: nengún, nengunha
 * Georgian: არცერთი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: οὐδέτερος
 * Hungarian: egyik sem,
 * Irish: ceachtar
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: どちらも…ない
 * Latin:
 * Norwegian: ingen av
 * Persian: هیچ‌یک, هیچ‌کدام
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: nenhum (dos dois)
 * Russian: ни оди́н, ни тот, ни друго́й
 * Scots: naither
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Slovene: noben
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, ingen av

 * Arabic: لَا X وَلَا X
 * Egyptian Arabic: لا... ولا...
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: nitsi
 * Belarusian: ні X ні X
 * Bulgarian: нито X нито Y
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 不X也不X
 * Cimbrian: nèt X nèt Y
 * Cornish: na X na; naneyl X na Y
 * Czech: X, ani Y
 * Danish: hverken X eller Y
 * Dutch: noch X noch Y; X noch Y
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ei X, eikä Y
 * French: ni X ni Y
 * Friulian: ni, nancje
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: არც
 * German: weder X noch Y
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: hvorki X né Y
 * Istriot: gnanca
 * Italian: X  Y
 * Japanese: XでもなくYでもない, XもYも…ない
 * Korean: X도 아니고 X도 아니다
 * Latin: X nec Y
 * Latvian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, X eller Y
 * Nynorsk: korkje X eller Y
 * Persian:
 * Polish: X, ani Y
 * Portuguese: X nem Y
 * Romanian: nici X nici Y
 * Romansch: ni X ni Y
 * Russian: ни X ни X
 * Scottish Gaelic: no, aon chuid X no Y, an dara cuid X no Y, na X na Y
 * Slovene: niti
 * Spanish: X ni Y
 * Swedish: varken X eller Y; vare sig X eller Y
 * Ukrainian: ні X ні X
 * Venetian: nianca, nanca, gnanca
 * Vietnamese: không X cũng không X

Pronoun

 * 1) Not either one of two.

Usage notes

 * According to traditional grammar, should always be construed as a singular (as in the example above). In practice, however, plural construction is often met with, especially when a specification with  follows:

Translations

 * Arabic: أَحَد لَا
 * Bulgarian: нито един
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ingen af dem (ingen af de to)
 * Dutch: geen van beide
 * Finnish: ei kumpikaan
 * French:
 * Galician: nengún, nengunha
 * Georgian: არცერთი
 * German:, ,
 * Hindi: भी नहीं
 * Hungarian: egyik sem,
 * Irish: ceachtar
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: どちらも…ない (dochira mo …nai)
 * Latvian: neviens
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: nenhum (dos dois)
 * Russian: ни оди́н,, (read: ništo)
 * Slovene: nobeden
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ingen av dem, varken eller
 * Ukrainian: жоден

 * Arabic: وَلَا حَتَى
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: нито
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese: …も…ない
 * Norwegian: ei heller
 * Polish: też nie
 * Portuguese:, também não
 * Russian: та́кже не
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: inte heller

 * Portuguese:

Adverb

 * 1) Similarly not.

Usage notes

 * Neither is used to mean none of two or more. Although some suggest that using the word neither with more than two items is incorrect, it has been commonly used to refer to more than two subjects since the 17th century.
 * Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds. - inscription on James A. Farley Post Office Building, New York

 * There is considerable variation in the number of the verb employed with this construction.

 * Examples:

 * “That woman was neither a collector nor an art critic, but she understood the meaning I meant to give that work.” — Marcelle Ferron

 * “Has anyone ever loved you so much that they tried to kill you, or perhaps sucked you down into a hole so that you had to kill them to get away? Yeah, me neither.” — Maynard James Keenan

 * “You can make a lot of money in this game. Just ask my ex-wives. Both of them are so rich that neither of their husbands work.” — Lee Trevino

 * “As if it were gold and could be neither good nor bad nor worth more nor worth less but must always be worth the same no matter what.” — Alex Miller

 * “Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,
 * Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat;
 * But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth,
 * When two strong men stand face to face, though they come from the ends of the earth!” — Rudyard Kipling

 * “Neither you, Simon, nor the fifty thousand, nor the Romans, nor the Jews, nor Judas, nor the twelve, nor the priests, nor the scribes, nor doomed Jerusalem itself understand what power is, understand what glory is, understand at all.” — Jesus Christ Superstar

Translations

 * Arabic: وَلَا
 * Aromanian: nitsi
 * Catalan:
 * Dalmatian: ne
 * Dutch: ook niet,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: non plus
 * Galician: tampouco
 * Georgian: არც
 * Italian:
 * Polish: też nie
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: та́кже не
 * Scottish Gaelic: cha mhò, nì motha
 * Spanish:

title: neither


text:
improve

Etymology
From, from + , from.

Verb

 * 1)  To make (something) better; to increase the value or productivity (of something).
 * 2)  To become better.
 * 3)  To disprove or make void; to refute.
 * 4)  To disapprove of; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure.
 * 5)  To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.
 * 6) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
 * 1)  To disprove or make void; to refute.
 * 2)  To disapprove of; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure.
 * 3)  To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.
 * 4) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
 * 1)  To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.
 * 2) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
 * 1) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
 * 1) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
 * 1) * March 7, 1778,, letter
 * True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.

Synonyms

 * ,, , ; See also Thesaurus:improve

Antonyms

 * , ; See also Thesaurus:aggravate
 * , ; See also Thesaurus:worsen

Translations

 * Abkhaz:
 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * American Sign Language: B@TipForearm-PalmBack B@Forearm-PalmBack B@BaseForearm-PalmBack
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:, , ,
 * Asturian: ameyorar, meyorar
 * Avar: лъикӏлъизабизе
 * Azerbaijani: yaxşilaşdirmaq, təkmilləşdirmək, mükəmməlləşdirmək
 * Basque: hobetu
 * Belarusian: паляпша́ць, пале́пшыць
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:, подобря́, усъвърше́нствам
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Cornish: gwellhe
 * Czech: zlepšovat,, vylepšovat,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: beter maken,
 * Esperanto: plibonigi
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: აუმჯობესებს
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Ingrian: parentaa
 * Interlingua: meliorar
 * Irish: leasaigh, cuir feabhas ar
 * Italian:, , fare migliorie
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin: meliorem facio
 * Macedonian: подобрува, подобри
 * Malay:
 * Maori: whakapai, whakawhanake
 * Mongolian:
 * Ngazidja Comorian: rekeɓesha
 * Norman: amender
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan: amelhorar
 * Old English: æþelian
 * Oromo: wayyeessuu
 * Ossetian: фӕхуыздӕр кӕнын
 * Persian: بهبود دادن
 * Polish:, , , , , polepszyć, usprawniać, usprawnić
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: meglierar
 * Russian:, , , , , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: побољша́вати, побо̀љшати
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: zlepšovať, zlepšiť, vylepšovať, vylepšiť
 * Slovene: izboljševati, izboljšati
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pagandahin,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:
 * Tuvan:
 * Ukrainian: полі́пшувати, полі́пшити, покра́щувати, покра́щити
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: פֿאַרבעסערן

 * American Sign Language: B@TipForearm-PalmBack B@Forearm-PalmBack B@BaseForearm-PalmBack
 * Arabic: تَحَسَّنَ
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Asturian: ameyorar, meyorar
 * Azerbaijani: yaxşılaşmaq, təkmilləşmək, mükəmməlləşmək
 * Belarusian: паляпша́цца, пале́пшыцца
 * Bulgarian:, подобря
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: zlepšovat,, vylepšovat,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: הִשְׁתַּפֵּר
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ingrian: pareta, mukahua
 * Irish: téigh i bhfeabhas
 * Italian:, stare meglio,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin: melior fio, melius fio
 * Macedonian: се подобрува, се подобри
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Oromo: fooyyessuu
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: allinyay
 * Romanian: a se îmbunătăți
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: побољшавати, побољшати
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: zlepšovať, zlepšiť, vylepšovať, vylepšiť
 * Slovene: izboljševati, izboljšati
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: bli bättre,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: полі́пшуватися, полі́пшитися, покра́щуватися, покра́щитися
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:

 * Telugu:
 * Yucatec Maya: ,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: improve


text:
User:Alice Crypto~enwiktionary

Welcome to my userpage. The time is now  . To find out all (that I'm willing to tell) about me, visit my Wikipedia userpage. Feel free to leave messages on my talkpage, but I have had to disable my email, again see my Wikipedia userpage for ways to contact me by email despite the block.

title: User:Alice Crypto~enwiktionary


text:
User talk:Alice Crypto~enwiktionary

To leave me a new message click [ here]. Remember to sign and date your entries by typing  --~  after them. section=new}} here]. Remember to sign and date your entries by typing  --~  after them. -- AliceCrypto (Talk|Contributions) 17:15, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alice Crypto. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alice Crypto~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:36, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:55, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alice Crypto~enwiktionary


text:
worsen

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To make worse; to impair.
 * 2)  To become worse; to get worse.
 * 3)  To get the better of; to worst.
 * 1)  To become worse; to get worse.
 * 2)  To get the better of; to worst.
 * 1)  To get the better of; to worst.
 * 1)  To get the better of; to worst.
 * 1)  To get the better of; to worst.

Synonyms

 * , ; See also Thesaurus:aggravate
 * , ; See also Thesaurus:worsen

Translations

 * Asturian: empeorar
 * Belarusian: пагарша́ць, паго́ршыць
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 使……惡化, 使……變壞
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: plimalbonigi
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, malvar
 * Georgian: გაუარესება
 * German:
 * Hindi:, मंडराना
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: vaikenoittaa
 * Italian:, andare di male in peggio
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Latin: aggravō,, dēteriorō
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, empiorar
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: palalain, palubhain
 * Ukrainian: погі́ршувати, погі́ршити
 * Welsh:

 * Asturian: empeorar
 * Belarusian: пагарша́цца, паго́ршыцца
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: влошавам се
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: plimalboniĝi
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician:, malvar
 * Georgian: გაუარესება
 * German:, sich verschlechtern
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ingrian: vajeta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: aggravor, peius fio, gravor
 * Portuguese:, empiorar
 * Quechua: anchayay
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: mùth, rach bhuaithe
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: lumala, lumubha
 * Welsh:

 * Dutch:
 * German: ,
 * Turkish: (1),  (2)

Etymology

 * equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) To ; to become worse.
 * 2) To impair or damage; to make worse.

title: worsen


text: Thesaurus:foolish

title: Thesaurus:foolish


text: Thesaurus:naked

title: Thesaurus:naked


text:
ageism

Alternative forms

 * (less common and sometimes deprecated)

Etymology
. Coined in 1969 by.

Noun

 * 1) The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.
 * 2) Bias against older adults (typically those in their sixties or older, but other times even younger if not even before middle-age).

Translations

 * Basque: adinkeria
 * Catalan: edatisme
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: aĝismo
 * Estonian: vanuseline diskrimineerimine
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ageisme
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Maori: toihara taipakeke
 * Norman: âgisme
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , ageísmo
 * Romanian: ageism, agism
 * Russian: дискримина́ция по во́зрасту,
 * Spanish:, edatismo
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: yaş ayrımcılığı
 * Vietnamese: phân biệt tuổi tác
 * West Frisian: leeftydsdiskriminaasje

title: ageism


text:
ageist

Adjective

 * 1) Unfairly discriminatory against someone based on their age.
 * Upon hearing that his employer would soon require yearly physical examinations and vision screening, my father exclaimed that the policy was ageist.
 * Even though she had succeeded in the phone interview, when the ageist employer learned that the candidate was only 18 years old, she became hesitant.

Noun

 * 1) A person who behaves in an ageist manner.
 * He didn’t like to think of himself as an ageist, but he had to admit that he hadn’t considered the needs of some of the more elderly participants.

title: ageist


text:
Talk:nonce

Isn't the lexicographical sense due to OED editor Sir James Murray?
 * - lexicographers agree in recording Murray as introducing the term nonce-word - with its use of nonce as an adjective . But he was relying on its long-established use as a noun, meaning an isolated occasion.  - SquisherDa (talk) 08:57, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

Broadmoor Hospital 1863 N.O.N.C.E Not on no concourse exercise Chalked on door's

nonce
As per an alert from Wikipedia, this sense does seem unlikely. --Connel MacKenzie 23:32, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It is the normal use of the word in the UK. Here is the OED . ..

Brit. Criminals' slang. - A sexual deviant; a person convicted of a sexual offence, esp. child abuse. SemperBlotto 07:32, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * A nonce is a child molester or someone who is a total twat. I think this underlines how different American and British English can be and how unaware we are sometimes of each others idiosyncracies when it comes to language. For my pals across the pond, if you watch a few films such as Lock Stock and two Smoking Barrels, Layer Cake etc. the term is probably used their, you may have to listen carefully for those cheeky southern chappies!--Williamsayers79 08:22, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

I can confirm as a UK resident that this is a well-know, widely-used meaning for 'nonce' here, and as SemperBlotto mentions, it's also covered in the OED. See http://www.londonslang.com/db/film_slang/ for usage in Lock Stock and two Smoking Barrels. That said, I'd question the "paedophile" reference; although many people do use "paedophile" synonymously with "child-molester", strictly speaking, not all paedophiles commit sex crimes, as was pointed out earlier within Wikipedia. Tws45 13:58, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm taking the RfV off as I believe it has passed. --Williamsayers79 18:17, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Nonce - Police Informer
Meaning : The slang definition of paedophile is not very good. The word is in wide circulation here in the UK and its general meaning is Police informer. (or 'grass') I think the other meaning comes from that because police informers and paedophiles are equally loved groups in many communities here. Not communities I am part of BTW. - Lucien86 19:53, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

The word Nonce, is an acronym of the phrase “Not on normal courtyard exercise”. In the past, in UK prisons peadophiles were often accommodated on the same landings as the other prisoners. In order to identify and arguably give some protection to child molesters, rapists and informants the initials N.O.N.C.E were chalked up on a small blackboard outside the cells of this type of offender. Such prisoners were then taken out on to the exercise yard (if time permitted) after the other prisoners had been exercised. As child sex offenders are seen to be the lowest of the low in probably most prisons on the planet the acronym Nonce became a serious term of abuse within both British prisons and also the British criminal community. Dean0wal (talk) 19:33, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

The point of the blackboards, on the wall alongside each cell door, is/was so that wing staff could confirm who they were unlocking before unlocking them. The point of noting "NONCE" on the board, where applicable, is/was so that wing staff would omit that cell door when unlocking for (normal) courtyard exercise. The point of omitting high-risk prisoners from normal courtyard exercise is/was because supervision there was from the edge of the courtyard, so that a covertly planned group attack, launched cooperatively on a private signal, could be effective long before staff could react and protect. Excluding the prisoner from the situation worked as far as it would; but labelling the prisoner publicly didn't do much for his prospects in meal or phone queues, showers etc. - SquisherDa (talk) 08:21, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

RFV discussion: July 2018
Rfv-sense: adjective, "Denoting something occurring once." I don't think this is a true adjective. DTLHS (talk) 04:57, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

 * cited Kiwima (talk) 23:55, 7 July 2018 (UTC)

RFV-passed Kiwima (talk) 06:29, 15 July 2018 (UTC)

The word Nonce, is an acronym of the phrase “Not on normal courtyard exercise”. In the past, in UK prisons peadophiles were often accommodated on the same landings as the other prisoners. In order to identify and arguably give some protection to child molesters, rapists and informants the initials N.O.N.C.E were chalked up on a small blackboard outside the cells of this type of offender. Such prisoners were then taken out on to the exercise yard (if time permitted) after the other prisoners had been exercised. As child sex offenders are seen to be the lowest of the low in probably most prisons on the planet the acronym Nonce became a serious term of abuse within both British prisons and also the British criminal community. Dean0wal (talk) 19:36, 28 April 2019 (UTC)
 * see above (following earlier copy of this note) for why / how the acronym was thus upchalked - SquisherDa (talk) 08:21, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

Citation
Dubious citation as it seems a mishearing of 'nouse'. (pronounced now'se) a Br.E. Northern word for 'sense'. http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/voices2005/glossary/glossary.shtml 194.207.86.26

Middle English Translation Links
There are two links to the Middle English phrases and. Neither of which exist, currently, in this Wiki. It seems that it would make more sense, as we are talking about the re-bracketing of this word, to brake those phrases, especially the uses of the words "þan" and "anes" out, linking them to their own Wiki entries. As someone with limited experience with many of the aspects of Middle English, including its letters, I would find this incredibly helpful.

EverFaithful (talk) 15:22, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

Verb?
i'm finding it more and more common nowadays for nonce to be used as a verb - as in, to nonce kids, or "he nonces kids". not sure i could get a reference for it though 89.240.147.8 23:27, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Not once
A common explanation for the term's origins is how when accused by prosecutors in court, pedos would often resort to the phrase "not once". As in "I did not have any inappropriate contact with the plaintiff, not once". "Not once" was compacted into "nonce" by the public. 174.93.206.90 23:05, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

/nɑn(t)s/ ?
For the pronunciation: I think a (weak?) /t/-like sound will or may occur between the last consonants, e.g.: GA: /nɑn(t)s/.

Cf. ① The audio sample recorded here in Wiktionary, by an Australian speaker ② The Merriam-Webster Dictionary entry nonce: "ˈnän(t)s" ③ Wiktionary entry for once: /wʌn(t)s/

A kind request for native English speakers to consider an "upgrading" of the pronunciation markings towards /nɒn(t)s/, /nɑn(t)s/, etc. Javítgató (talk) 15:34, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:nonce


text: Category:Lexicography

title: Category:Lexicography


text:
for the nonce

Etymology
From, , a of earlier.

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  For the time being, for now, with the expectation that the situation may change.
 * That will do for the nonce, but we'll need a better answer for the long term.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * French:
 * German: für den Augenblick, für den augenblicklichen Zweck, für den Moment,
 * Icelandic: í þetta sinn
 * Italian: per il momento
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, pentru moment
 * Russian:, в данном случае
 * Spanish: por esta vez
 * Swedish:, för stunden,

title: for the nonce


text:
obeisaunce

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) obeisance

title: obeisaunce


text: obeïssance

title: obeïssance


text:
obeissant

Adjective

 * 1) obedient

title: obeissant


text: obeïr

title: obeïr


text:
otoko

Noun

 * 1)  thigh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) man
 * 2) husband

Adjective

 * 1) male (animal)

title: otoko


text:
Chaldean

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Chaldea specifically, or ancient Babylonia in general.

Translations

 * Arabic: كَلْدَانِيّ
 * Coptic: ⲭⲁⲗⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ
 * Czech: chaldejský
 * Danish: kaldæisk
 * Esperanto: ĥaldea
 * Finnish: kaldealainen
 * Galician:
 * German: chaldäisch
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: כַּשְׂדִּי
 * Irish: Caildéach
 * Latin: chaldaicus
 * Polish:
 * Russian:

Noun

 * 1) A native of Chaldea; a Chaldee.
 * 2) A member of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
 * 3)  A diviner or astrologer.
 * 1) A member of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
 * 2)  A diviner or astrologer.

Translations

 * Armenian: քաղդեացի
 * Catalan: caldeu, caldea
 * Coptic: ⲭⲁⲗⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ
 * Czech: Chaldejec
 * Danish: kaldæer
 * Esperanto: ĥaldeo
 * Finnish: kaldealainen
 * French:, Chaldéenne
 * Galician:
 * Ge'ez: ከላዴዎን
 * German: Chaldäer
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Χαλδαῖος
 * Hungarian: káld
 * Irish: Caildéach
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: کەلدانی
 * Latin: Chaldaeus
 * Old Armenian: քաղդէացի
 * Polish: ,
 * Russian:

 * Armenian: քաղդեացի
 * Danish: kaldæer
 * French:, Chaldéenne
 * Hungarian: káld, káldeus
 * Old Armenian: քաղդէացի

 * Armenian: քաղդեացի
 * Old Armenian: քաղդեայ
 * Russian:

Proper noun

 * 1) The West Semitic language of the ancient Chaldeans.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Czech: chaldejština
 * Esperanto: ĥaldea
 * Galician:

title: Chaldean


text:
Chaldea

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.

Translations

 * Armenian: Քաղդեա
 * Catalan: Caldea
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 迦勒底
 * Czech: Chaldea
 * Danish: Kaldæa
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: Ĥaldeio, Ĥaldeujo
 * Estonian: Kaldea
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Χαλδαία
 * Hungarian: káld
 * Irish: Caildé
 * Lao: ເຄນເດຍ
 * Latin: Chaldaea
 * Northern Thai: ᨤᩮ᩠ᩃᨯᩮ᩠ᨿ
 * Polish: Chaldeja
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: Халде́я
 * Shan: ၶႃႇလတေး
 * Spanish: Caldea
 * Swedish: Kaldéen
 * Thai: เคลเดีย

title: Chaldea


text:
Talk:i

Comments
I added a category designation of "Swadesh" here. I'm not sure whether this is redundant with the existing Swadesh list or not, so I'll stop here. -dmh 20:37, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Shouldn't the translations of "I" from the "i" article be moved to "I"? 145.97.197.203 8 July 2005 15:43 (UTC)

Redirect
Why does Talk:I redirect to Talk:i? Æe tlr Cre ejl 16:35, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed. —Stephen 11:51, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Iroquoian
The language header Iroquoian is not presented in the list of languages: Index to templates/languages. Which language code corresponds to Iroquoian? Does this subsection corresponds to the rules presented in WT:ELE? -- Andrew Krizhanovsky 16:35, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The ISO 639-2 code for the Iroquoian family of languages is {iro}. Iroquoian languages include Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tuscarora, and Cherokee. No, that subsection is not according to WT:ELE. It was added by User:Rkhd1983. Iroquois is not one language, but a group of related languages. —Stephen (Talk) 12:05, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Stephen. -- Andrew Krizhanovsky 08:01, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

unbalanced brackets
AWB said there were unbalanced brackets on this page, but wouldn't show me where they were. It might be a false alarm. - -sche (discuss) 08:09, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

i'
OED: I' or I: weakened form of in prep. before a cons., as in i' faith: now dial. or arch. By the way, what is its pronunciation? --Backinstadiums (talk) 02:13, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

LUA error
for half the page, it is just an error. I just thought it might be a good idea to fix that. 73.231.181.239 20:58, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

 * We're aware of the problem but haven't found a sustainable solution yet. —Mahāgaja · talk 05:46, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

sandbox
Posting this to Talk:i and Grease_pit

''i used CTRL+F to search the i article for "Lua error: not enough memory". Besides the "Requests for cleanup" header, the first search result i got was in Rapa Nui. i clicked "Edit" on the i article and used copy-paste on Rapa Nui and everything below it to "mirror" it on Talk:i. Looks like maybe splitting one page into two pages (or two tabs) might give each page enough memory to work? Maybe make i redirect to something like i/languages with names A-P with a hatnote like, "For i in other languages, see i/in languages with names R-Z"? --96.244.220.178 22:55, 19 September 2020 (UTC)''

 * I don't think that it's a good idea just to copy-paste the entire page from Rapa Nui onwards straight onto the talk page. Instead it could be posted as a subpage talk:i/sandbox, so it won't be so confusing a talk page. -- 65.94.170.98 21:31, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Also posting that content here could cause this page to exceed the number of transclusions/transclusion complexity allowed, resulting in the same LUA error -- 65.94.170.98 21:32, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Pronunciation /j/
As in maieutic meɪˈjuːtɪk --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:05, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

RFC discussion: August 2020–August 2021
Also compare Talk:i. --Der Zeitmeister (talk) 21:42, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * This is a known issue and having it in RFC as well won't help much — surjection ⟨??⟩ 22:41, 7 August 2021 (UTC)

Discussion regarding conjugated forms of the Welsh preposition i
Hello, Mahāgaja. Nine years ago, you deleted the page for the Welsh "conjugated" preposition (the first-person singular form of ), giving the deletion reason "Created in error: no such word". Having used it my whole life, I was taken aback by this and went looking for evidence to prove that exists. I found this prescription from 1883, but no uses as such. What I did find was a couple of documents pertaining to the WJEC GCSE Welsh language exam for the 2019–2020 academic year, which mark "iddof (f)i" as incorrect. It seems, to my dismay, that I've been using a nonstandard colloquialism my whole life! That being said, I think this is evidence that does exist, even if it isn't standard. Would you agree? If so, would you mind undeleting, please? It could probably do with being tagged with, too. 0DF (talk) 17:20, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @0DF This is entirely up to you, but I dislike pairing “nonstandard” with “colloquial”, since it feels a bit superfluous while also being disparaging of colloquialisms. Theknightwho (talk) 17:45, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I feel like prescriptive documents saying "don't do this" still don't count as uses. The is useful for Vulgar Latin because it's otherwise so poorly attested, but Welsh has a pretty strong living speaker base, and even the colloquial register isn't hard to find in writing. Of course, final -f tends to disappear in colloquial Welsh, so perhaps it would be easier to find examples of people using iddo (f)i. —Mahāgaja · talk 17:53, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Google Books yielded two Welsh results for the string  without intervening punctuation, namely:
 * “Pa beth bynag fydd clod ne anghlod y tesni a sugnis o’r tai nefol heno, nid ’iddo fi’r naill na’r llall.”
 * wherein =  (not ), and:
 * “oedd ti ’di gweud iddo fi beth i neud.”
 * which the same source parses “was you say to I what to do” (small-caps mine) and translates “you had told me what to do.” This latter use is a transcription of a child's speech. The choice of how to parse and translate that speech would have been made by the author (Bob Morris Jones), not the child. Referring to Jones's conventions in his corpus examples and inferring from  that the child spoke in a South Welsh dialect, I reconstruct that child's sentence thus:
 * but it would be bizarre if I then respelt that:
 * “oedd ti ’di gweu diddo fi be thi neud”
 * My point is that where to place word divisions is a matter of judgment; words aren't neatly divided at syllable boundaries. Jones chose to parse that child's as the ungrammatical “to I”, rather than as the grammatical “to I” ; I would dispute his interpretation. (Of course,  is the standard preposition for construing the indirect object of , but that's neither here nor there.) 0DF (talk) 19:36, 28 December 2023 (UTC)
 * My point is that where to place word divisions is a matter of judgment; words aren't neatly divided at syllable boundaries. Jones chose to parse that child's as the ungrammatical “to I”, rather than as the grammatical “to I” ; I would dispute his interpretation. (Of course,  is the standard preposition for construing the indirect object of , but that's neither here nor there.) 0DF (talk) 19:36, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Well, at the moment it doesn't look likely that anyone would run across it and want to know what it means. —Mahāgaja · talk 19:44, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Fair point. I'll keep an eye out for uses in print. I only need one, right? 0DF (talk) 20:05, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * For Welsh, yes. —Mahāgaja · talk 20:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks. 0DF (talk) 21:00, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

Hello again. I went looking for the rest of ap Emrys' forms of (except the standard, , and , of course) and found one use each of  and , qq.v. @Mahāgaja: Since you also deleted  and  giving the reason "Created in error: no such word", would you be happy at this point to undelete those two entries, please? I wouldn't say that "nonstandard" and "colloquial" are a redundant combination. There are many colloquialisms that are perfectly standard, but which simply wouldn't occur in writing (unless that writing intentionally represented speech, as in dialogue), although most colloquialisms are probably informal. In the case of and, however, their contexts at least are nonstandard: • “Mae hwn y peth mwyaf pwysig gofynnais iddot gwneud erioed.” → “Hwn yw’r peth pwysicaf y gofynnais iddot wneud erioed.” • “Y mynedfa hyn rhôf iddoch I ofalu hyd yr oesoedd, Dros cynhedliadau dirifedi” → “Y fynedfa hon y rhof iddoch I ofalu drosti hyd yr oesoedd, Dros genedlaethau dirifedi” Infer from that what you will. 0DF (talk) 22:36, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I've restored and . —Mahāgaja · talk 22:51, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you kindly. My idiolectal usage actually differs slightly from the forms ap Emrys prescribed: I consistently use and, but I oscillate between  and  for the first-person plural and I only use  for the second-person plural. Accordingly, I may look into whether I can attest , , , and . 0DF (talk) 00:07, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:i


text:
sóska

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) sorrel any of various plants in genus

title: sóska


text:
誘う

Verb

 * 1) to invite
 * 2) to tempt; to lure; to entice; to seduce
 * 3) to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy); to provoke
 * 1) to tempt; to lure; to entice; to seduce
 * 2) to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy); to provoke
 * 1) to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy); to provoke

Usage notes

 * someone を something に誘う — invite someone to do something
 * someone を someplace へ誘う — invite someone to go somewhere
 * The place can refer to some kind of activity location, such as a concert or a play.
 * someone から something に誘われる — to be invited by someone to do something
 * someone から someplace へ誘われる — to be invited by someone to someplace
 * someone から someplace へ誘われる — to be invited by someone to someplace

Etymology 2
From the exclamation + verb-forming suffix.

Verb

 * 1)  to invite
 * 2) to tempt; to coerce
 * 1) to tempt; to coerce

title: 誘う


text:
narwhal

Etymology
From or /, from, from  +. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * , an Arctic cetacean that grows to about 20 feet (6 meters) long, the male having a single horn-like tusk, a twisted, pointed canine tooth that projects forward.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: narwal
 * Albanian: narvali
 * Arabic: حريش البحر
 * Armenian: միաժանի
 * Azerbaijani: narval
 * Basque: narbal
 * Belarusian: нарвал, аднарог
 * Breton: narwal
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎤᏲᎾ ᏓᏆ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 一角鯨, 角鯨, 長槍鯨
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: narvalo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: náhvalur
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მარტოკბილა
 * German:
 * Greek: φάλαινα νάρβαλ
 * Greenlandic: qilalugaq qernertaq
 * Hebrew: חדשן חד־קרן
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Inuktitut: ᑑᒑᓕᒃ
 * Irish: narbhal
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: сытқы
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: narvalis
 * Lithuanian: narvalas
 * Lombard: narval
 * Macedonian: нарвал
 * Manx: whale feeacklagh, narwhal
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: narkval
 * Occitan: narval
 * Old English: nēohwæl
 * Persian: ناروال, ختو
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: muc-mhara adharcach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: на̀рвал, је̏днорог
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: narval
 * Slovene: narval, enorog,
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: narwal
 * Upper Sorbian: narwal
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: นาร์วาล
 * Turkish:, deniz gergedanı
 * Ukrainian: нарва́л
 * Uzbek:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Roman: narval
 * Vietnamese: kì lân biển (麒麟𣷭)
 * Welsh: môr-ungorn, morfil ungorn

Etymology
From, from.

title: narwhal


text:
cetacean

Etymology
From, from , +.

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to the zoologic order Cetacea, or associated with species falling under that taxonomic hierarchy.
 * The poached blubber was definitely cetacean in origin, but the particular species could not be identified.
 * 1)  Resembling or relating to large aquatic mammals.
 * The obese woman, ungainly on land, moved with a kind of cetacean grace in the water.
 * The obese woman, ungainly on land, moved with a kind of cetacean grace in the water.

Synonyms

 * cetaceous

Noun

 * 1) An animal belonging to the order Cetacea, including dolphins, porpoises, and whales.
 * The tour promised spiritual experiences with humpback whales and other cetaceans, but all we saw were seagulls and a dead sea otter.

Translations

 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: китообразно
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 鯨目動物
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Waltier
 * Greek:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Manx: whayl
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh:

 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:

title: cetacean


text:
notch

Etymology
Recorded since 1577, probably a of  +, which noun stems from , itself from the  verb , of uncertain origin, but possibly related to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A V-shaped cut.
 * 2) Such a cut, used for keeping a record.
 * 3) An indentation.
 * 4) A mountain pass; a defile.
 * 5)  The female primary sex organ, vulva.
 * 6)  A woman.
 * 7)  A discontinuous change in a taxation schedule.
 * 8)  A level or degree.
 * 9)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A woman.
 * 2)  A discontinuous change in a taxation schedule.
 * 3)  A level or degree.
 * 4)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.
 * 1)  A portion of a mobile phone that overlaps the edge of the screen, used to house a camera, sensors etc. while maximizing screen space.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: noĉo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, osca, ozca
 * German:, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: pykälä
 * Irish: scór
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ノッチ
 * Macedonian: за́рез, за́решка
 * Maori: kāniwha, kakari, arapata
 * Polish:, , wręb
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Slovak: zárez
 * Spanish:, , , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Welsh: rhic

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian: рабош
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: scór
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: за́сек
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovak: vrub
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * German:, Einkerbung, , , ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:, dentellatura
 * Macedonian: назабу́вање
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:,  ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: portela
 * German:, Bergpass,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: кли́сура
 * Maori: kakari
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, , , , ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ниво́, сте́пен
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Hebrew:

Verb

 * 1)  To cut a notch in (something).
 * 2)  To record (a score or similar) by making notches on something.
 * 3)  To join by means of notches.
 * 4)  To achieve (something); to add to one's score or record of successes.
 * 1)  To achieve (something); to add to one's score or record of successes.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: noĉi
 * Finnish: ;
 * German:, , , ausklinken
 * Italian:
 * Maori: whakakānewha, whakakarikari, tōkari
 * Polish: karbować, nacinać,, narzynać, narżnąć, wrębiać, wrębić
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * German: ankerben,
 * Italian:
 * Spanish:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:

 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Italian:, , ,

Verb

 * 1)  To fit (an arrow) to a bow by means of the notch cut at the end of the arrow; to nock.

Etymology
From + ch.

Noun

 * 1) the penis

title: notch


text:
informal

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Not formal or ceremonious.
 * 2) Not in accord with the usual regulations.
 * 3) Suited for everyday use.
 * 4)  Reflecting everyday, non-ceremonious usage.
 * 5)  Not organized; not structured or planned.
 * 1) Suited for everyday use.
 * 2)  Reflecting everyday, non-ceremonious usage.
 * 3)  Not organized; not structured or planned.
 * 1)  Reflecting everyday, non-ceremonious usage.
 * 2)  Not organized; not structured or planned.

Translations

 * Belarusian: нефарма́льны, неафіцы́йны
 * Bulgarian: неформа́лен,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: neformala
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: არაფორმალური
 * German:, unförmlich,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: अनौपचारिक
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: neamhnósúil
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , ,
 * Kazakh: бейресми
 * Manx: neuformoil
 * Maori: ōpaki, hāramuramu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uhøytidelig
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: dimaanyo
 * Thai: ไม่เป็นทางการ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: неформа́льний, неофіці́йний
 * Welsh:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:, non officiale
 * Japanese: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: dimaanyo
 * Turkish:

 * Belarusian: размо́ўны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: разговорен
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: розмо́вний

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  not formal or ceremonious

Etymology
or.

title: informal


text:
everyday

Etymology
From, , , equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Adjective

 * 1) Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.
 * 2) * 1906, Edith Nesbit, The Railway Children, Chapter 4: The engine-burglar,
 * When they had gone, Bobbie put on her everyday frock, and went down to the railway.
 * 1) Commonplace, ordinary.
 * 2) * 2010, Malcolm Knox, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 42:
 * Although it is an everyday virus, there is something about influenza that inspires awe.
 * 1)  Commonplace or ordinary during daytime.

Translations

 * Bikol Central: pang-aro-aldaw
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 日常的
 * Danish: hverdags-,
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:, tavaline, argine, tavapärane
 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: ყოველდღიური
 * German: Alltags- ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: रोज़ाना
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: gnáth-
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: күнделікті
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hverdagslig
 * Nynorsk: kvardagsleg
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: de fiecare zi,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish: de diario
 * Tagalog: pang-araw-araw
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Welsh: pob dydd

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 常見的
 * Danish: hverdags-, dagligdags
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: vulgara
 * Estonian:, tavaline, argine
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: ყოველდღიური, საყოველდღეო, ჩვეულებრივი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀγελαῖος
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: jokapäiväin
 * Irish: gnáth-
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:
 * Maori: kai parāoa
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hverdagslig
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:

Adverb

 * 1)  (compare everywhere, everyway, etc.).

Usage notes
When describing the frequency of an action denoted by a verb, it is considered correct to separate the individual words: every hour, every day, every week, etc.

Noun

 * 1)  Literally every day in succession, or every day but Sunday. 1
 * 2)  The ordinary or routine day or occasion.

Translations

 * Hungarian:

title: everyday


text:
unofficial

Adjective

 * 1) Not officially established.
 * the unofficial results of the ballot
 * 1) Implicitly true but withheld and/or contradicted by authority.
 * The unofficial reason for invading the nation, however, was to control their resources.
 * 1) Not acting with official authority.
 * an unofficial adviser
 * 1)  Not listed in a national pharmacopeia etc.
 * 1)  Not listed in a national pharmacopeia etc.
 * 1)  Not listed in a national pharmacopeia etc.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Belarusian: неафіцы́йны
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: neoficiální
 * Danish: uofficiel
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: neoficiala
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ufficioso
 * Japanese: 非公認,
 * Korean: 비공식적
 * Latin: inofficialis
 * Maori: manakore
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: неофіці́йний

 * Bulgarian: непотвърден
 * Japanese: 裏向き

title: unofficial


text: pharmacopeia

title: pharmacopeia


text:
carton

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. .

Noun

 * 1) An inexpensive, disposable box-like container fashioned from either paper, paper with wax-covering (wax paper), or other lightweight material.
 * 2) A pack of cigarettes, usually ten, wrapped in cellophane or packed in a light cardboard box.
 * 3)  A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
 * 4)  A kind of thin pasteboard.
 * 5)  A small disc within the bullseye of a target.
 * 6)  A shot that strikes this disc.
 * 1)  A kind of thin pasteboard.
 * 2)  A small disc within the bullseye of a target.
 * 3)  A shot that strikes this disc.
 * 1)  A small disc within the bullseye of a target.
 * 2)  A shot that strikes this disc.

Translations

 * Arabic:, كَرْتُونَة
 * Bulgarian: кашон
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, , , , ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: 紙パック
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Lao: ຫີບເຈັ້ຍ
 * Maori: kātene
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian: kartong
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: caixa/embalagem de papel
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: katoni
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ཤོག་སྒམ
 * Vietnamese:, hộp giấy, hộp các-tông

 * Arabic: عَرُوسَة
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: блок
 * Bulgarian: стек
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Indonesian: slop
 * Italian:
 * Khmer:
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ште̏ка
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:

Verb

 * 1) To put in a carton.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cardboard
 * 2) carton, cardboard box
 * 3) target
 * 4)  sketch; cartoon
 * 5)  inset map
 * 6) card

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cardboard

title: carton


text:
生活

Noun

 * 1) life
 * 2) livelihood
 * 3)  job; task
 * 4)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1) livelihood
 * 2)  job; task
 * 3)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1) livelihood
 * 2)  job; task
 * 3)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1) livelihood
 * 2)  job; task
 * 3)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush
 * 1)  calligraphy brush; inkbrush

Synonyms

Verb

 * 1) to live; to exist; to lead a lifestyle

Noun

 * 1) life; livelihood; daily living.

Usage notes
生活 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:

 * : Action involved in staying alive, as in "signs of life".
 * : The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
 * : Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
 * : Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
 * : A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
 * : Lifespan or life expectancy.
 * : A video-game life; a chance to play.
 * : Liveliness.

Derived terms

 * : living expenses
 * : life style
 * : actual life
 * : daily life

Verb

 * 1) live a life

title: 生活


text:
screen

Etymology
From, , from , , , (modern 🇨🇬), from , from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

An alternative etymology derives 🇨🇬, from  (compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A physical divider intended to block an area from view, or provide shelter from something dangerous.
 * 2) A material woven from fine wires intended to block animals or large particles from passing while allowing gasses, liquids and finer particles to pass.
 * 3)  A frame supporting a mesh of bars or wires used to classify fragments of stone by size, allowing the passage of fragments whose a diameter is smaller than the distance between the bars or wires.
 * 4)  The protective netting which protects the audience from flying objects
 * 5)  A stencil upon a framed mesh through which paint is forced onto printed-on material; the frame with the mesh itself.
 * 6)  Searching through a sample for a target; an act of screening, or the method for it.
 * 7)  A technique used to identify genes so as to study gene functions.
 * 8) The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.
 * 9)  A room in a cinema.
 * 10) The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
 * 11) * 1977, Sex Pistols, Spunk, “Problems” (song):
 * "en"
 * 1) The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.
 * 2)  A room in a cinema.
 * 3) The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
 * 4) * 1977, Sex Pistols, Spunk, “Problems” (song):
 * "en"
 * 1) * 1977, Sex Pistols, Spunk, “Problems” (song):
 * "en"

- You won't find me living for the screen I ain't equipment I ain't automatic

 * 1) One of the individual regions of a video game, etc. divided into separate screens.
 * 2) * 1988, Marcus Berkmann, Sophistry (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 30, June 1988
 * "en"

- The idea is to reach the 21st level of an enormous network of interlocking screens, each of which is covered with blocks that you bounce along on.

 * 1)  The visualised data or imagery displayed on a computer screen.
 * 2)  A disguise; concealment.
 * 3)  An offensive tactic in which a player stands so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
 * 4)  An erection of white canvas or wood placed on the boundary opposite a batsman to make the ball more easily visible.
 * 5)  A collection of less-valuable vessels that travel with a more valuable one for the latter's protection.
 * 6)  A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.
 * 7)  A large scarf.
 * 1)  An offensive tactic in which a player stands so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
 * 2)  An erection of white canvas or wood placed on the boundary opposite a batsman to make the ball more easily visible.
 * 3)  A collection of less-valuable vessels that travel with a more valuable one for the latter's protection.
 * 4)  A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.
 * 5)  A large scarf.
 * 1)  A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.
 * 2)  A large scarf.

Translations

 * Arabic:, سِتَارَة, حَاجِز
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: আঁৰ, পৰ্দা, বেৰ
 * Bengali: স্ক্রীন
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan: mampara,, paravent
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Esperanto: ekranego
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician: tollevento,
 * Georgian: ეკრანი
 * German:, ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, , , védőrostély, , , , , , , , , ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ついたて
 * Latin: pluteus
 * Maori: rī, rīanga, ārai
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: skjerm
 * Ottoman Turkish: پرده
 * Persian: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgàilean
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian: мрежа за прозорец
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:, bortel, baruto, sirgo
 * Georgian:
 * German: Insektengitter,
 * Greek:, , ,
 * Hungarian:, , , , , ,
 * Irish: criathar
 * Japanese: ,
 * Persian:
 * Dari:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: شَاشَة
 * Egyptian Arabic: شاشة
 * Hijazi Arabic: شاشة
 * North Levantine Arabic: شاشة
 * South Levantine Arabic: شاشة
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: ইস্ক্ৰিন, ইস্কিন
 * Azerbaijani: ekran
 * Basque: pantaila
 * Belarusian:
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ပြသရာ
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ekrano
 * Estonian: ekraan
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Fula:
 * Adlam: 𞤨𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮
 * Latin: peewnoowo
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ეკრანი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: स्क्रीन
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Icelandic: skjár,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh:, экран
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:, 스크린
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ໜ້າຈໍ, ຈໍ
 * Latvian: ekrāns
 * Lithuanian: ekranas
 * Macedonian: екран
 * Malay: skrin
 * Maori:, mata rorohiko , papa whakaata
 * Norman: êcran
 * Northern Sami: šearbma
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: skjerm
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgàilean
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: екран
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: obrazovka
 * Slovene: ekran
 * Southern Sami: monitovre
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: экран
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: หน้าจอ,, จอภาพ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ekran
 * Ukrainian: екра́н
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Volapük: skrin, televidaskrin,  nünömaskrin
 * Walloon:

 * Arabic: شَاشَة
 * Hijazi Arabic: شاشة
 * South Levantine Arabic: شاشة
 * Armenian:
 * Bengali: স্ক্রীন
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ekrano
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ეკრანი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 은막, 스크린
 * Maori: papa whakaata
 * Norman: êcran
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, lerret
 * Nynorsk: skjerm, lerret, lereft
 * Occitan:
 * Persian: اکران
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgàilean
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: จอภาพ
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * Thai:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * Japanese:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: suojaverkko

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: xoeira, vanelo, sarandón, cribo
 * Georgian: ცხავი
 * Spanish:

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: seinäke

 * Finnish: seulonta
 * Polish: przesiew

 * Georgian: ,
 * German:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian:
 * Maltese:
 * Mongolian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:

Verb

 * 1) To filter by passing through a screen.
 * Mary screened the beans to remove the clumps of gravel.
 * 1) To shelter or conceal.
 * 2) To remove information, or censor intellectual material from viewing. To hide the facts.
 * The news report was screened because it accused the politician of wrongdoing.
 * 1)  To present publicly (on the screen).
 * The news report will be screened at 11:00 tonight.
 * 1) To fit with a screen.
 * We need to screen this porch. These bugs are driving me crazy.
 * 1)  To examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease, or to assess susceptibility to a disease.
 * 2)  To search chemical libraries by means of a computational technique in order to identify chemical compounds which would potentially bind to a given biological target such as a protein.
 * 3)  To stand so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
 * 4) To determine the source or subject matter of a call before deciding whether to answer the phone.
 * 5) * 1987 April 7, Associated Press (story title as printed in New York Times)
 * A Phone to Screen Calls
 * 1) * 1987 April 7, Associated Press (story title as printed in New York Times)
 * A Phone to Screen Calls

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: გაცრა
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ふるい落とす, ,
 * Maori: ārai
 * Ottoman Turkish: قلبورلامق
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Bulgarian:, екранирам
 * Hungarian:, , , , , ,  , , , ,
 * Maori: ārai

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:, , , ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ふるい落とす, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: გაშვება, ეკრანიზაცია
 * Hungarian:, , , , képernyőre tűz, , (tévében) ad
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: 発表する
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * Finnish: asentaa verkko, asentaa verho, varustaa verkolla, varustaa verholla, verkottaa
 * Hungarian: ellenzővel ellát
 * Japanese: 膜を張る
 * Portuguese:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Georgian: დაცვა
 * Hungarian: hálóval véd/fed
 * Italian: schermare
 * Maori: rī, ārai
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:

 * Hungarian:, szűrővizsgálatot végez

 * Hungarian:, , , , , , ,

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)    a screenshot

title: screen


text:
malapropism

Etymology
From the name of Mrs. Malaprop, a character in the play The Rivals (1775) by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. As dramatic characters in English comic plays of this time often had allusive names, it is likely that Sheridan fashioned the name from, from. Mrs. Malaprop is perhaps the best-known example of a familiar comedic character archetype who unintentionally substitutes inappropriate but like-sounding words that take on a ludicrous meaning when used incorrectly.

Noun

 * 1)  The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.
 * 2)  An instance of this; malaprop.
 * 1)  An instance of this; malaprop.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: malapropismi
 * French:, ,
 * Hungarian: paronimák felcserélése, paronimák összekeverése
 * Irish: mífheilteachas
 * Japanese:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, malapropîzm
 * Manx: neuchooieid focklagh
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: ain-eirmseachd
 * Spanish:, malapropismo,
 * Tibetan: ཚིག་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་སྟངས་ནོར་བ

title: malapropism


text:
一緒に

Adverb

 * 1) together, with

Usage notes

 * This word is a standard adverb construction from the noun + the particle, but it sees much more use in this form than any other.
 * As is normal in Japanese, the word generally refers to the topic, which in a simple statement like, is going to be the speaker. Thus,  can usually be translated to "Won't you go with me?", except where the context dictates otherwise.

title: 一緒に


text:
将軍

Etymology
→ →  →

From compound. Compare modern 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The “shogun” sense is originally short for.

Noun

 * 1)  a commander of troops, especially of an expeditionary or frontline force
 * : a general officer
 * 1)  a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan
 * 1)  a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan

Usage notes
In the modern military system, shōgun refers to any military officers who have the ranks ending in, for example: , , , and.

title: 将軍


text:
shogunate

Noun

 * 1)  The administration of a shogun.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French: ,
 * German: Shogunat, Shōgunat
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: shogunato
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 막부
 * Lithuanian: šiogunatas, siogunatas, bakufu
 * Malay: kesyogunan
 * Marathi: शोगुनत
 * Polish: siogunat, szogunat
 * Portuguese: xogunato, shogunato
 * Russian:, баку́фу
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: сьогуна́т
 * Vietnamese: mạc phủ

title: shogunate


text:
Wiktionary talk:Project-Wanted articles

Regarding the question: Should we be prioritizing common words before obscure ones? I personally vote "YES." I threw entries into this list from Special:Wantedpages starting from the end - the "most linked" undefined articles. The number of times a word is linked seems synonymous with it's priority, at least for this quick-list. I'm not at all sure how often Special:Wantedpages is updated - it looks like a weekly automatic run. That's why rush is still listed on it.

 * Absolutely. This list is specifically and only for terms linked many times within Wiktionary yet lacking definitions. — Hippietrail 01:01, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Anyone like the idea of adding one or two foreign language words? Or even a whole mess of them, starting from #2000 linked 383 times? (What is that, Japanese for can?) --Connel MacKenzie 00:26, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * We already have a few such pages - they are largely neglected however. I don't think it's time to start pushing these in highly visible places like these templated lists until the English dictionary is considered well fleshed out. After that it will become a much higher priority to get more foreign words and translations in. — Hippietrail 01:01, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. I just figured one Japanese, one Russian word being visible might encourage more foreign input.  C'est la vie!  --Connel MacKenzie 01:07, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thinking about it since my last reply, you might have a good point. Maybe if we give one line to words in various languages which are recognizable enough that passing strangers might be able to add them. But how to choose such words so that they won't just sit and gather dust...? — Hippietrail 02:01, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I was thinking more of letting just one word work it's way onto the list. If it drifts all the way to the left and no one touches it, then it goes round-robbin to the end of the queue.  Then drop in one from a different language.  If a Japanese word gets defined in two seconds flat, then try and queue up a bunch.  If a Russian name slides by, then avoid Russian for a week or two.  My biggest problem is that I'm so American, I usually can't tell what language a given foriegn term is in.  Most of the time they appear as either "??", "???" or "????" on my browser.

 * I found the Wanted list to be really nice, as the words there are linked by lots of different things; I would characterise them as fairly common words. To select appropriate foriegn words, I'd just start from entry #2000 and work my way backwards as I did for English words.  Taking the time to research them individually, then deciding which ones are "easy" would be very time consuming.  --Connel MacKenzie 14:10, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * In the initial phase of introducing foriegn words, Japanese had a small flurry of changes added. But I am not able to queue this character set...Jun-Dai corrected my bad link, but hasn't queued any more up from Special:Wantedpages...i.e. the top 10-20 entries.  Could someone please queue them into the commented-out section?  --Connel MacKenzie 18:05, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Other senses of words
Please do no "correct" a word to its "proper" headword sense! Entries appear on this list because they are heavily linked. If a word varient bothers you, then please take the time to open that word, check "What links here" and fix the links of the words that link to the "wrong" sense. When done, add the redirect of the "wrong" sense to the "correct" sense anyhow, so the rest of us can see that it is done.

title: Wiktionary talk:Project-Wanted articles


text:
flytja

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to move, to relocate (something or someone)
 * 2)  to move (between homes)
 * 3)  to perform (e.g. a song or play)

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to move
 * 2)  to move (between homes)

title: flytja


text:
Talk:determiner

A type of adjective??
I guess, much like "tidal wave", "adjective" also has dictionary senses and technical senses. In the technical senses, articles such as "the" and "a" are definitely not adjectives since, as stated in our own article on adjectives, they do not modify or describe nouns or pronouns.

It could well be that in common nontechnical use, or in older use pertaining to Latin and such, that no such distinctions were made.

However, "determiner" is only in technical use as far as I know and as such has no nontechnical meaning as a "type of adjective". This just makes no sense.

I am open to citations showing that what I have said is wrong. That evidence should be shown here. — Hippietrail 02:28, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

There are different ways of dividing the parts of speech. Traditionally, determiners weren't included (because they were classed as adjectives). The term "determiner" is a recent innovation. The Oxford Companion to the English Language (OCEL) draws a distinction between parts of speech (= the traditional classification, where the term 'determiners' wasn't used) and word classes (= the new classification). This distinction is not universally made, however. --217.44.206.191 12:21, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * "Article": "a traditional part of speeh, in contemporary grammar often included in the word class determiner" (OCEL)
 * "Determiner": "Determiners include the articles and words traditionally classified as types of adjective or pronoun" (OCEL)
 * "Part of speech": "Traditional grammars list eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection." (OCEL)
 * "Article": "A name for the adjectives the and a, an" (excerpt from the Oxford English Dictionary's definition of "article").
 * The OED itself, and many (but not all), modern dictionaries use the traditional eight parts of speech. For example, if you look up "the" in the OED, it is marked as "dem. adj. and pron."  If you look up "some", you see "indef. pron., a., adv., and sb."

 * As of the March 2008 draft revisions, the OED now employs determiner: in this way. Check out many: for example.--Brett 01:12, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for this info. It should help us to develop both our definitions and our own classification system. — Hippietrail 13:57, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we should have two categories. One called "English parts of speech (traditional)" (if that isn't too long a name).  (These would be the eight in the OCEL list, and would exclude article, which is at least arguably a subtype of adjective, as the OED says.)  There were nine traditional parts of speech in Latin (the eight plus participles, which in English are just considered a form of the verb), so it's not possible to do away with the word "English" in the category name.  Then we need a second category called something else ("English parts of speech (modern)"? "English word classes"? or the broader "grammatical terms"?), which would include "determiner", "article", and probably many other terms that didn't make it into the traditional list.
 * By the way: even under wiktionary's definition of adjective, articles and other determiners are (arguably) adjectives, if you accept that in phrases like "the man" and "few men", the words "the" and "few" are modifying the noun. I think they are indeed modifying it (in a technical sense), even if they are not describing it.  In any case, a determiner like "many" has a very similar semantic content to an undisputed adjective like "numerous".
 * This confuses adjective and modifier. If you call any word that modifies a noun an adjective, then all English nouns are adjectives.--BrettR 01:25, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Parts of speech can be notoriously difficult to define. At school they used to tell us that an adjective was "a describing word" (if that were true, "idiot" would be an adjective, because when I say "he's an idiot", I'm describing him) and a verb was an "action word" (if that were true, numerous nouns would be verbs!).  In reality, a part of speech must be defined by its grammatical function, not by its meaning.  --Richard 10:52, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

For the difference between an adjective and a determiner, see the wikipedia article.--BrettR 01:31, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Misspellings
I have a question c.q. remark: As someone, who didn't grow up in an english-speaking country and who didn't major in English, I don't know all English words (who does?). And so, if I encounter a word, that I don't know, I have to look it up in a dictionary. And reading the explanation of 'determiner' I encountered such a word in the third sentence of the first explanation, that I couldn't find in a dictionary, nor in wiktionary. 'Its core memebers include articles and other items that fill the same slot....' The word is.... 'memebers'.

Or... should it possibly be... 'members'?

And please... if this should not be the place, where to put my question cq remark... don't ban me. For I don't know, where else to put it.

Helmarsan 10 June 2007

 * Yes, members. Misspelling.--Halliburton Shill 17:49, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

missing determiner
most? --Connel MacKenzie 02:58, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Ladin??
Dafuq is "Ladin"? How did this page miss a spell check? 69.15.209.154 19:15, 29 November 2014 (UTC)
 * See Ladin, and Ladin language. DCDuring TALK 19:18, 29 November 2014 (UTC)

determiner
First sense as "a grammatical class of words". The only reference given on the page (the Cambrdige Grammar of the English Language) explicitly refutes this definition, reserving determinative as the term for the class of words and using determiner solely for the grammatical function (regardless of the part of speech). --EncycloPetey 19:24, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The CGEL has to explicitly deny they're working with that definition, because if they didn't, most linguists reading would assume that's exactly what they meant. The entire distinction between the "class of words" sense and the "function" sense only makes sense within certain approaches to grammatical description.  Even among people who make the distinction, the RFV'd sense is probably the more common.
 * (I'll also go add the too-obvious literal/compositional sense.) -- Keffy 20:23, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Please comment then in the corresponding BP discussion (Determiner vs Determinative), as I don't have the background to make the evaluation from anything other than the CGEL discussion (since that's all I have on "dtereminers"). If "determiner" is the usual term in use by linguists, then that's what we should use. --EncycloPetey 20:33, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I find this curious regarding the "too-obvious literal" sense. It's not in Roget's or Oxford's thesari.  Both MW and Cambridge dictionaries only list the "specialzed" grammar sense.  Google news returns only 19 uses, the oldest being a 1/30 article mocking a certain presidential "decider".  I think the proper term here is determinant, which returns about 633.--Halliburton Shill 10:14, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Collins Word Exchange: determiner noun 1. a word, such as a number, article, personal pronoun, that determines (limits) the meaning of a noun phrase, e.g. their in `their black cat'.
 * Encarta online: de·ter·min·er (plural de·ter·min·ers) noun Definition: 1. word that determines noun use: a word that appears before any descriptive adjective and decides the kind of reference that a noun has, e.g. "a," "the," "this," "each," "some," "either," "my," and "your"
 * M-W online: Main Entry: de·ter·min·er Pronunciation: -'t&r-m&-n&r Function: noun : one that determines : as ... b : a word (as an article, possessive, demonstrative, or quantifier) that makes specific the denotation of a noun phrase
 * — Hippietrail 20:07, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed (not cited, unfortunately, but in clearly widespread use; this is the primary sense of the term). —RuakhTALK 17:51, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Grammar, first use?
-IP, 00:10, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Here: "(grammar) A member of a class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it. [from 1945] Examples of determiners include articles (a, the)"
 * At en.wp: "According to the OED (Second Edition), the word determiner was first used in its grammatical sense by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933." [well, in which grammatical sense, en.wt has 2?]
 * Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar: A First Course: "In his classic work Language, Leonard Bloomfield (1935, pp. 203-6) lists the following types of Determiner in English: [...]" - though: Did he call them determiners or did he just list some words?
 * Determiner certainly appears on page 203 of the 1935 edition of Language. I don't have convenient access to the 1933 edition. In the 1935 edition, on page 203 he more or less defines the term as one of two types of 'limiting adjectives', the other being 'numeratives', and then on p. 203 and pages following he has several lists of different types of determiners. Since Bloomfield wasn't blessed with a dictionary definition of determiner, he has to define it himself. Arguably either of our definitions is consistent with how he used the term. DCDuring (talk) 14:20, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

As a pronoun
yonder currently reads DETERMINER 2. (archaic or dialect, as a pronoun) The yonder is Queen Niobe. --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:42, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
 * So it does. DCDuring (talk) 14:03, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
 * What exactly does a determiner as a pronoun means? Aren't those two differnet PoS? Similar example in

LESS (determiner) 2. (as pronoun; functioning as sing or plural): she has less than she needs, but the less you eat, the less you want https://www.wordreference.com/definition/less --Backinstadiums (talk) 09:39, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Parts of speech or word classes should not be taken too seriously. Words that usually function as determiners (when they "determine" nouns) can function as nominals. In that role they resemble pronouns, thought not personal pronouns, which are the typical pronouns. CGEL (2002) has a longish section on 'fused-head constructions' (pp. 410 et seq.), which I think is excellent, but I'm not sure that most grammar textbooks follow their approach. As a result some of our entries have duplication of senses under different PoS sections (determiner and pronoun). Similar duplication exists between noun and adjective for adjectives like poor, sick, etc.
 * In the example the yonder I would call yonder the head (fused) of a nominal. A typical pronoun does not accept a determiner (eg, the). Similarly for less.
 * We are just trying to help users find the definition they want using whatever categories (PoSes, word classes) that they may have learned during their education over the last 80 years or their reading of books published since 1900. Thus we often feel compelled to have duplication and had been reluctant to include word classes like determiner, useful though it may be. We have persistent difficulties in getting new users to stop adding adjective PoS (L3) sections to English L2s that have noun PoS sections with the same semantics and no indications of adjectivity other than attributive use. Some still object to the simplification of prepositional phrase entries that resulting from including both adjective and adverb functionality under the Prepositional phrase L3. DCDuring (talk) 16:20, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Regarding the determiner such and such, why is the indefinite article used in at such and such a place but not in  such and such kind of people ? --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:38, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I think that in context it would be clear that "such and such" was a placeholder for a toponym (noun) in the 'kind of place' example and for an attributive modifier in the 'kind of people' example. Consider: 'a such and such place'. I doubt that the expression is commonly used to stand in for an attributive modifier (adjective or noun), not that there's anything grammatically wrong with that. DCDuring (talk) 14:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Adding a usex for the first and second meanings of determiner would help clarify this issue. --Backinstadiums (talk) 00:09, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Feel free to do so. DCDuring (talk) 18:20, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I can't differentiate the first two meanings, despite my basic grammar understanding --Backinstadiums (talk) 19:15, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
 * The first two meanings of what? Determiner? Little? A little?? Which PoS? DCDuring (talk) 22:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Determiner noun sense 1: "A member of a class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it." This would be something like a, the, or this. Sense 2: "A dependent function in a noun phrase marking the NP as definite or indefinite. This function is usually filled by words in the determinative class but may be filled by other elements such as a genitive pronoun." For example...? Equinox ◑ 22:40, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:determiner


text:
幕府

Noun

 * 1)  office of a commanding officer in ancient China
 * 2)  shogunate administration of a shogun

Etymology
From. The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Originally referred to the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field. This then extended to refer to the command structure, and then to the form of government under a shōgun.

Noun

 * 1)  shogunate
 * 2)  the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field

title: 幕府


text:
good evening

Etymology
An ellipsis for an expression such as "I wish you a good evening.".

Usage notes
Good evening is generally considered quite formal, such as by a television news anchor or at the beginning of an address to an audience. An exception is if it is said with exaggeration and with a smile, such as in "Good evening ladies! You are all looking lovely as usual."

Translations

 * Abkhaz: уа, хәылбзиа
 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مَسَاء الْخَيْر, مَسَاء النُّور
 * Hijazi Arabic: مَسَاء الخير, مَسَاء النُّور
 * North Levantine Arabic: مسا الخير, مسا النور ; سعيده, يسعد هالمسا
 * Aramaic: רַמְשָׁא טָבָא
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܪܲܡܫܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ, ܪܲܡܫܘܼܟ݂ ܒܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ, ܪܲܡܫܵܟ݂ܝ ܒܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ , ܪܲܡܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܒܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ
 * Classical Syriac: ܒܪܝܟ ܪܡܫܐ
 * Armenian: բարի երեկո
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: axşamın xeyir, axşamınız xeyir
 * Belarusian: до́бры ве́чар
 * Bengali: শুভ সন্ধ্যা
 * Bikol Central: marhay na banggi
 * Bulgarian: добъ́р ве́чер
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: maayong gabii
 * Chechen: суьйре дика йойла
 * Chichewa: mwachoma bwanji,  ndachoma bwino
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Dzongkha: ཕྱི་རུ་བདེ་ལེགས།
 * Esperanto: bonan vesperon
 * Estonian:, õhtust
 * Ewe: fiẽ
 * Faroese: gott kvøld
 * Finnish:, iltaa
 * French:
 * Friulian: buine sere
 * Galician: boa noite, boas noites, boa tarde, boas tardes, bó serán
 * Georgian: საღამო მშვიდობისა
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: gueten Abig
 * Greek:, καλό βράδυ
 * Greenlandic: godaften
 * Guianese Creole: bonswè
 * Hawaiian: aloha ahiahi
 * Hebrew:
 * Hiligaynon: maayong gab-i
 * Hindi:, शुभ संध्या, शाम बख़ैर, गुड ईवनिंग
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: bona vespero
 * Ilocano: naimbag a rabii
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: hyvvää iltaa, tere iltaa
 * Irish: tráthnóna maith agat
 * Italian: buona sera,
 * Japanese:, お晩です
 * Javanese: sugeng dalu, sugeng sonten
 * Karelian: hyviä ildua
 * Kazakh: қайырлы кеш
 * Khmer: សាយណ្ហសួស្តី
 * Korean:, 좋은 저녁-이에요 , 좋은 저녁-입니다
 * Kumyk: геч яхшы болсун
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ئێوارەت باش
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latvian:, labs vakars
 * Lithuanian: labas vakaras
 * Louisiana Creole French: bonswa, bonswar
 * Luo: oimore
 * Luxembourgish: gudden Owend
 * Macanese: bô-nôte
 * Macedonian: добровечер
 * Malay:
 * Jawi: سلامت ڤتڠ
 * Rumi:
 * Maltese: il-lejla t-tajba, bonasira
 * Mòcheno: guats mol
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: оройн мэнд
 * Navajo: yáʼátʼééh iʼííʼą́, nizhónígo hííłchʼįʼ neeʼaʼdooleeł
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, god aften
 * Nynorsk: god kveld
 * Occitan: bon vèspre,
 * Old English: gōdne ǣfen
 * Palauan: ungil kebesengei
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian: ,
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: gooden Owent
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romani: laćhi rǎt
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: buna saira
 * Romblomanon: maayo nga gabii
 * Russian:
 * Sami:
 * Inari: pyeri eehid
 * Northern: buorrẹ eahkẹt
 * Skolt: šiõǥǥ jeä´ǩǩää
 * Southern: buerie iehkede
 * Scottish Gaelic: feasgar math
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: добро вече, добра вечер
 * Roman: dobro veče, dobra večer
 * Shona: maneru
 * Slovak: dobrý večer
 * Slovene: dober večer
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: dobry wjacor
 * Upper Sorbian: dobry wječor
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: kuneti
 * Swahili: habari ya jioni
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: magandang gabi
 * Tajik: шоми хуш, шаб ба хайр
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish: iyi akşamlar,
 * Udmurt: ӟеч ӝытэн
 * Ukrainian: до́брий ве́чір,
 * Urdu: شام بَخَیر, شَب بَخَیر
 * Uzbek: hayrli kech
 * Vietnamese: chào buổi tối, xin chào buổi tối
 * Volapük: soari gudik
 * Welsh: noswaith dda
 * West Frisian: goejûn, jûn
 * Winnebago: hoxjąną pį
 * Yiddish: אַ גוטן אָוונט
 * Yucatec Maya: ma'alob 'aak'ab
 * Zulu:, sanibonani

title: good evening


text:
good afternoon

Etymology
Probably a shortening of "I wish you a good afternoon."

Phrase

 * 1)  A greeting or farewell said in the afternoon.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مَسَاء الْخَيْر, مَسَاء النُّور (the answer),, نَهَارُكُم سَعِيد
 * Armenian: բարի օր
 * Azerbaijani: günortan xeyir, günortanız xeyir
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: до́бры дзень
 * Bengali: শুভ অপরাহ্ন
 * Bikol Central: marhay na hapon
 * Bulgarian: добъ́р ден
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: maayong hapon, maayong udto
 * Chechen: де дика дойла
 * Chichewa: mwasewela bwanji?,  ndasewela bwino
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 午安
 * Hokkien:, 好暗晡
 * Mandarin: 下午好, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: god dag, god eftermiddag
 * Dutch: (Flanders) goedenamiddag, goeienamiddag; (Netherlands), ,
 * Esperanto: bonan posttagmezon
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe: ŋdɔ
 * Faroese: góðan dag, góðan seinnapart
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: (when meeting), bon après-midi (when leaving)
 * Galician: boa tarde, boas tardes
 * Georgian:, შუადღე მშვიდობისა
 * German:, guten Nachmittag
 * Greek: καλό απόγευμα,
 * Hawaiian: aloha ʻauinalā
 * Hebrew: צָהֳרַיִם טוֹבִים
 * Hiligaynon: maayong udto
 * Hindi:, शुभ दोपहर, गुड आफ़्टरनून
 * Hungarian: (during forenoon and afternoon),
 * Icelandic:
 * Ilocano: naimbag a malem
 * Inari Sami: pyeri peivi
 * Indonesian: (between 12.00 - 15.00),  (after 15.00 - 18.00 or before it's dark)
 * Ingrian: tere päivää, hyvvää päivää
 * Italian: buon pomeriggio,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Javanese: sugeng siang (before 16.00), sugeng sonten (after 16.00)
 * K'iche': xeq'ij
 * Kazakh: қайырлы күн, ассалаумағалейкум
 * Khmer: សាយណ្ហសួស្តី
 * Korean:, 안녕-하십니까 ,  , 좋은 오후-에요
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ڕۆژ باش
 * Lao: ສະບາຍດີ
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: laba diena
 * Luxembourgish: gudden Nomëtteg
 * Macanese: bô-tarde
 * Macedonian: добар ден
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: waranofsinhar it-tajjeb
 * Northern Sami: buorre beaivi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, god ettermiddag
 * Palauan: ungil sueleb
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian:, ظُهْر بَخَیْر, سَلَام عَلَیْکُم
 * Iranian Persian:, ظُهْر بِخِیْر, سَلَام عَلِیْکُم
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: bună ziua
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: feasgar math
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: до̏бар да̑н
 * Roman: dȍbar dȃn
 * Skolt Sami: tiõrv
 * Slovak: dobrý deň
 * Slovene: dober dan
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: masalkheri
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: magandang hapon, magandang tanghali
 * Tajik:, рӯзи хуш
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Tz'utujil: kakh 'ikh
 * Ukrainian: до́брий день,
 * Urdu: دوپَہَر بَخَیر, گُڈ آفْٹَرْنُون, سَلام عَلَیکُم
 * Uzbek: xayrli kun,
 * Welsh: prynhawn da
 * West Frisian: goemiddei, middei
 * Winnebago: wira rocąje haixa pį
 * Zulu:, sanibonani

title: good afternoon


text:
good night

Etymology
Probably a shortening of "May you have a good night."

Translations

 * Abkhaz: ашара шәӡыбзиарахааит
 * Albanian: natën e mirë
 * Aleut: angali kingachxicax
 * Arabic: تُصْبِح عَلَى خَيْر, لَيْلَة سَعِيدَة
 * Hijazi Arabic: تصبح على خير, و إنت من اهله تِمْسِي على خير
 * Armenian: բարի գիշեր
 * Asturian:, bona nueche
 * Azerbaijani: gecəniz xeyrə qalsın
 * Basque: gabon
 * Belarusian: дабра́нач
 * Bengali: শুভ রাত্রি
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ле́ка нощ
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: буьйса декъал йогӏийла
 * Cherokee: ᎣᏍᏓ ᏒᏃᏱ
 * Chichewa: usiku wabwino
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 晚安,
 * Hokkien:, 暗安
 * Mandarin:
 * Cornish: nos da
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, goeienacht, , trusten ,
 * Elfdalian: gunatt
 * Esperanto: bonan nokton
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe: dɔ agbe
 * Faroese: góða nátt
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: boa noite, boas noites
 * Garo: walnam
 * Georgian: ღამე ნებისა, ძილი ნებისა
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: guetnacht, gut nacht , guot nacht , göt nacht, göti nacht , schlàwol
 * Bavarian: guade Nochd
 * Greek:, καλό βράδυ
 * Greenlandic: sinilluarit, kunaat
 * Gujarati: શુભ રાત્રી
 * Hawaiian: aloha pō
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: शुभ रात्रि, शब बख़ैर, गुड नाइट
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: bona nokto
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: bon nocte
 * Irish: oíche mhaith
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, , おやすみやす
 * Javanese: sugeng dalu
 * K'iche': xokaq'ab'
 * Karelian: hyviä yödy
 * Karok: yáv pa'ikxáram
 * Kazakh: қайырлы түн
 * Khmer: រាត្រីសួស្ដី
 * Korean: 안녕히 주무십시오, 안녕히 주무세요, 잘 자요, 잘 자
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: شەو باش
 * Northern Kurdish:, şev xweş, şev bixêr
 * Lao: ໃນຕອນກາງຄືນທີ່ດີ
 * Latin: placidē quiēscās, bene quiēscās, molliter cubēs, ōtiōsē dormiās; in utramvīs aurem dormiās, in dextram aurem dormiās ; ; placidam noctem, bonam noctem
 * Latvian: arlabunakti
 * Lingala:
 * Lithuanian: labanaktis, labos nakties, saldžių sapnų
 * Luxembourgish: gutt Nuecht
 * Macedonian: лека ноќ, добра ноќ
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam: ശുഭ രാത്രി
 * Maltese: il-lejl it-tajjeb, bonswa
 * Mòcheno: guata nòcht
 * Navajo: nizhónígo háádíilyįh, nizhónígo niidoołkááł, yáʼátʼéehgo háádíilyįh
 * Norman: bouan gniet
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: god natt
 * Odia: ଶୁଭ ରାତ୍ରି
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: льгъка нощь
 * Old English: gōde niht
 * Old Tupi: tiá nde putuna
 * Pashto: شپه دې نېکمرغه
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian:, شَب خْوَش
 * Iranian Persian:, شَب خوش
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: wuynas nuchis, allin tuta
 * Romani: sov Devleça, soven Devleça
 * Romanian: noapte bună
 * Romansch: buna notg
 * Russian: ,
 * Sami:
 * Inari: pyeri ijjâ
 * Northern: buorrẹ idja
 * Skolt: vuä´đ tiõrvân
 * Southern: buerie jïjje
 * Samoan: manuia le po
 * Samogitian: labanakt
 * Scots: guid nicht
 * Scottish Gaelic: oidhche mhath
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: лаку ноћ
 * Roman: laku noć
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak: dobrú noc
 * Slovene: lahko noč
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: dobru noc
 * Spanish:
 * Sranan Tongo: sribi switi
 * Swahili: usiku mwema
 * Swedish:, go'natt , natti
 * Tajik: шоми хуш, шаб ба хайр, шабатон хуш бод
 * Tamil: இனிய இரவு
 * Telugu:
 * Tetum:
 * Thai:
 * Tongan:
 * Turkish: iyi geceler
 * Udmurt: ӟеч изь
 * Ukrainian: на добра́ніч, добра́ніч
 * Urdu: شَب بَخَیر
 * Uzbek: xayrli tun
 * Vietnamese: ngủ ngon
 * Welsh: nos da
 * West Frisian: goenacht,
 * Winnebago: hąhe pį
 * Yiddish:
 * Zulu: lala kahle, ulale kahle, lalani kahle, nilale kahle

title: good night


text:
Talk:koala

A category similar to Category:English words affected by prescriptivism and Category:Disputed usage would be useful for this term. As such categories are unexpectedly controversial, I'm not categorising just yet. — Hippietrail 03:53, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Since there's no usage note explaining how it's disputed, I'm deleting the categories.--Prosfilaes 03:26, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:koala


text:
Talk:German shepherd

A category similar to Category:English words affected by prescriptivism and Category:Disputed usage would be useful for this term. As such categories are unexpectedly controversial, I'm not categorising just yet. — Hippietrail 03:53, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * How is it disputed? Since there's no usage note here, I'm going to delete the category.--Prosfilaes 03:24, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:German shepherd


text:
Talk:killer whale

A category similar to Category:English words affected by prescriptivism and Category:Disputed usage would be useful for this term. As such categories are unexpectedly controversial, I'm not categorising just yet. — Hippietrail 04:20, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * This was listed also as a misnomer, which I don’t understand.
 * There is clearly some controversy over the name of these creatures, but “killer whale”, while pejorative, is not inaccurate.
 * Nbarth (email) (talk) 23:23, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:killer whale


text:
abductive

Adjective

 * 1)  Related or pertaining to abductor muscles and their movement.
 * 2)  Being or relating to a logical process of abduction or inference.
 * 3)  Abducting, pertaining to an abduction (a kidnapping).

Antonyms

 * deductive

Translations

 * German: abduktiv
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: abdutivo

 * Finnish: abduktiivinen
 * Italian:
 * Latin: abducens
 * Lithuanian: atitraukiamasis
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

title: abductive


text:
conundrum

Etymology
A word of origin with several variants, gaining popularity for its burlesque imitation of scholastic Latin, as  or. If there is more to its origin than a nonce coinage, Anatoly Liberman suggests the best theory is that connecting it with the , 16th c. scholastic commentaries on Aristotle by the Jesuits of Coimbra which indulge heavily in arguments relying on multiple significations of words.

Noun

 * 1) A difficult question or riddle, especially one using a play on words in the answer.
 * 2) A difficult choice or decision that must be made.
 * 3) * 2004, Martha Stewart, statement read before being sentenced to five months in prison
 * And while I am more concerned about the well-being of others than for myself, more hurt for them and for their losses than for my own, more worried for their futures than for the future of Martha Stewart the person, you are faced with a conundrum, a problem of monumental, to me, proportions.
 * 1) A difficult choice or decision that must be made.
 * 2) * 2004, Martha Stewart, statement read before being sentenced to five months in prison
 * And while I am more concerned about the well-being of others than for myself, more hurt for them and for their losses than for my own, more worried for their futures than for the future of Martha Stewart the person, you are faced with a conundrum, a problem of monumental, to me, proportions.
 * And while I am more concerned about the well-being of others than for myself, more hurt for them and for their losses than for my own, more worried for their futures than for the future of Martha Stewart the person, you are faced with a conundrum, a problem of monumental, to me, proportions.

Translations

 * Armenian:, ,
 * Azerbaijani: başsındıran
 * Bashkir: башватҡыс, йомаҡ
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish: gåde, ordgåde
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, kompakysymys,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: adiviña, deviñanza
 * German:, Scherzfrage, , Vexierfrage, Rätselfrage, Kopfzerbrecher
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Macedonian: га́танка, за́гатка
 * Middle English: probleme
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Sicilian: ,
 * Slovak:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Tagalog: paisip
 * Turkish: ,

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: dilema
 * Czech:
 * Danish: hovedbrud
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თავსატეხი
 * German:, Qual der Wahl, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: недоу́мица, диле́ма
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: dilimma, ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:

title: conundrum


text:
Talk:heck

Noun
Heck
 * 1) The place where people who don't believe in Gosh go when they die.

Possible origin
Heck may be a combination of "hell" and the "F" cussword.

Austinburk 19:30, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:heck