text:
Wiktionary talk:Multilingual coordination

I fail to see the need for this page. All of this is adequately covered at List of languages. Eclecticology 08:24, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I was also not seeing the purpose of this page a few days ago. I thought it was just me... not being smart enough, or something.Polyglot 09:34, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * This is seems to be a page a coordinating the various language wikipedias whereas List of languages seems to be a list of pages on en.wiktionary.org and the Index links on that page link to indices of non-English words on the English server. The point of this page seems to be to make sure that the wiktionary projects for French, Italian, Esperanto, etc. stay at least slightly interlinked to the English project. --Bill 20:43, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cross-language organization proposal
 Based on input by Vladisdead and Polyglot this proposal has been modified from it's original. The orignal, and their arguments, can be found here. The original was moved 09:09, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC).

Use directories to divide terms from separate languages
I feel that terms from different languages should be separated from one another somehow for several reasons: Terms would be divided into directories or namespaces based on their language: You might ask, "How is this different from our current practice?" In this proposal, all descriptions on the EN server would be in English, as current practice, but the terms for different languages would be split into directories or namespaces; with further MediaWiki development, I could, for example, restrict my searches to English and Esperanto directories (or with namespaces, no further development is necessary). With further MediaWiki development, if a term of the moment feature were integrated into the Main Page, I could restrict that to show only Swedish words or words from any language. This proposal offers clear organization (clearer than the current organization) in these ways: The negatives: --Bill 07:25, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC), modified 09:09, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC).
 * Some terms related only by spelling are grouped together. A particularly brutal example is ni
 * Various languages are different in the ways that they traditionally define words. Ex.: Basic Esperanto terms are typically listed by their root and the various forms are explained within (see: aĉet-). From an Esperanto speaker's POV, the flexibility of Wiktionary is actually harmed by lumping all terms from all languages with the same spelling together.
 * If terms were divided up by language namespace, we could provide much more powerful (and more specific) search functionality. We would be able to utilize the current feature of specifying the namespace(s) in which to search.
 * On the English server (all pages in English, as current):
 * en/world or English:World : a description of the English term world
 * sv/värld or Swedish:Värld : a description of the English term värld
 * fr/c'est la vie or French:C'est la vie : a description of the French term c'est la vie as used by a French speaker
 * en/c'est la vie or English:C'est la vie : a description of the French term c'est la vie as used by an English speaker
 * etc
 * On the Esperanto server (all pages in Esperanto, as current):
 * eo:en/world or eo:Angla:World : a description of the English term world
 * eo:sv/värld or eo:Sveda:Värld : a description of the English term värld
 * eo:fr/c'est la vie or eo:Franca:C'est la vie : a description of the French term c'est la vie as used by a French speaker
 * eo:en/c'est la vie or eo:Angla:C'est la vie : a description of the French term c'est la vie as used by an English speaker
 * etc
 * terms are divided by langauage, allowing for the potential for searches or random terms to be restricted by source language.
 * Words with completely different meanings that happen to be spelled the same as a word in another language will have their own separate page allowing for faster data retrieval (by the user), more legible articles,
 * this format would allow for a more concise structure in terms of article formatting.
 * we will be able to organize various forms of a root word for each language as necessary. Arabic and Esperanto have multiple forms for the same root. I Esperanto, it makes sense to lump the basic nouns, verbs and adjectives together in an article for the root word (aĉet-). In English, however, it usually makes sense to just have one big soup of words.
 * It will be difficult to guarantee that the same structure is used across all sites. (It seems to be traditional to define Esperanto words based on their root: mond- for mondo, monde, etc. but some servers may end up with eo/mond-, eo/monde, eo/mondo, eo/monda, rather than condensing all of the variants to eo/mond-. (See an ideal implementation at aĉet-, aĉeto, aĉeti, and the other forms of aĉet-).

An extension of this idea is to split translations off into another sublevel of the term (to make the actual definition more concise and to allow users to print the definitions, and not necessarily the translations, for reference): Actually plurals should redirect to the singlular form for ease of maintenance: --Bill 08:06, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * en/friends
 * en/friends/translations
 * en/friends --> en/friend
 * en/friends/translations --> en/friend/translations

Define the language on both sides of the translation.
If we are to implement this syntax for defining words and their translations, it ought be noted, as well, what language you are translating to:

en/hello:es/hola

This, of course, is not nearly as robust as a language dictionary ought to be, especially if there is redirect for plurals to singular. The translations ought to include a link to a page that has the full declension, sense/nuance, pronunciation (for english--sound bite and pronunciation key), etc described more carefully. I realize that Wiktionary already has word definition pages, but that is hardly useful to speakers of other languages, especially beginners, who want to understand the word better.

In a perfect world, each contributor would do a page in both the source and target languages to fully define the word.

I could say a lot more about this, but time has run out.

Update List
Should languages be removed from the list when Wikis are finally updated in that requested language? 70.57.139.181 10:31, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC) (Dpr)

Please, update Suomi (Finnish) on list
Please, move Suomi to category 10000+ on main page wiktionary.org. There is no common access to that page. --Aulis Eskola 15:58, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Request for update
Please update the mainpage of http://www.wiktionary.org/. The German wiktionary has recently reached 10,000 entries and should be moved to the 10,000+ category. Thanks. --84.163.105.3 20:39, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Congratulations, de:! I've added you to template:wiktionarybiglangs now.  ''Please make these requests on Talk:Main Page in the future.  -- Connel MacKenzie T [ +] C # 20:54, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

To start with Marathi language dictionary I need support for Marathi (Devnagari) fonts.--SAM

Update: Sesotho wiktionary
Could you please move the Sesotho (Southern Sotho) Wiktionary, http://st.wiktionary.org/, listing on the first page from 100+ to 1000+ as there are more than 1000 entries on that Wiki. Thanks! --JAKoli4 14:59, 25 January 2007 (UTC) It seems the language has been added, but with the wrong link - can this be fixed please? http://st.wiktionary.org/wiki/ --JAKoli4 08:00, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Northern Sotho
I would like to get the Northern Sotho wiktionary started. I presume using ISO code it should be nso.wiktionary.org How do I go about in getting it up and running? --JAKoli4 08:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Requests. --Connel MacKenzie 08:19, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Update: Greek Wiktionary
Could you please update the mainpage of http://www.wiktionary.org/? Greek Wiktionary (http://el.wiktionary.org/) has to be placed in the 100.000+ entries category since it has over 109.000 entries. Regards, 85.73.87.78 21:36, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Quenya
I'm creating models, categories, and users in the french wiktionary. If someone is interested, you can use it to begin the english articles. Don't hesitate to modify, it would help me. :p

Bye ^^ Duken

Polish wiktionary
Could you please update the mainpage of http://www.wiktionary.org/? Polish Wiktionary (http://pl.wiktionary.org) has to be placed in the 100.000+ entries category since it has over 114 167 entries. PMG 13:26, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

Multilingual coordination
That page is totally out of date, and the information is already better handled by various other pages we have. -- Prince Kassad 10:21, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Yair rand (talk) 10:26, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Does indeed seem pointless. I will await other comments before commenting further. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:27, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I have a sneaking suspicion this page may be linked to from other wikts as a contact point for us. Anyone know? —msh210℠ (talk) 21:24, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * "We are committed to working with language speakers." No, we are language speakers. Delete. DAVilla 19:35, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete.--Vahag 17:25, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:41, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

Deleted. Mglovesfun (talk) 18:45, 27 February 2011 (UTC)


text:
accomptable

Adjective

 * 1)  Accountable.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: accomptable


text:
accomptant

Noun

 * 1)  An accountant.

title: accomptant


text:
Talk:saw

Translations of past tense
I think the translations of the past tense are setting a bad precedent here, with reams of verbs in the imperfect and past historic. My feeling is that these translations belong in the foreign-language dictionaries, linked as follows:

English
saw ...
 * 1) past tense of see

English
see

Translations
...
 * French: voir

voir

Conjugation

 * Present: vois, vois, voit ... (etc)
 * Imperfect: ... (etc)

 * The above are three different entries in Wiktionary. I agree mostly. Although the problem is mostly for past tenses. Past participles do translate ok/unambiguously most of the time.Polyglot 10:44, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * ✅ Those translations don't seem to be here any more. Equinox ◑ 11:22, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

書 as Zhuang sawndip
Do you have a source for this? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 20:08, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I have seen it on the Vahcuengh Wikipedia. Sorry, no sources found…;) I looked up "saw" on 《古壮字字典》(a sawndip dictionary), and found that "書" is not on the dictionary.--神樂坂秀吉 (talk) 01:39, 14 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I checked 方块壮字数据库 and it seems like 书 is used, but I can't be sure if it's only the simplified form 书 that is used. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 01:49, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

RFV discussion: October 2022–February 2023
Seems to be a respelling of suh as in "suh, dude" (as in "[what']s u[p], dude") but a Google search only turns up puns and Urban Dictionary. Wiktionary doesn't have this meaning of suh. John Womble (talk) 07:44, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

RFV Failed, couldn't find any good results for "saw dude". Ioaxxere (talk) 23:12, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:saw


text:
Talk:white

Translations
Need to separate noun and adjective translations here, as for other colours. Fr and It done. Paul G 10:28, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

From RFC
The pronunciation section is confusing me. Is it being redundant, or am I just having a blonde moment? Beobach972 23:02, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There was some talk in the Grease pit (WT:GP) recently, about overhauling the format of the pronunciation section. (I and others, have had proposed new formats at times, but none have taken off.)  --Connel MacKenzie 07:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * (And yes, there are two different pronunciations that are both common for the same meanings.) --Connel MacKenzie 08:01, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * What about noun sense 6? Does this meet CFI? Jeffqyzt 12:34, 29 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed. If included, the entry would belong at Mrs. or Ms. White, however she is known, or at the very least under capital W. Professor Plum, anyone? DAVilla 22:06, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I just put the obvious adjectives from "noun" into the "adjective" table (and thus overwrote the entries, which may belong in the "noun" table). -- Hämbörger 17:32, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Possible missing sense: clear (e.g. water)
I think I've seen clear, unpolluted water described as "white", even though it's actually transparent. Sense 1 probably doesn't cover this because it seems intended to refer to solid opaque white. Equinox ◑ 12:15, 22 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The existence of makes this very difficult to search for!  turns up several hits, but some obviously mean snow-colour water.  also turns up several hits, but some mention wax suspended in the water, or seem to mean "clear [unpolluted] but white [turbulent] water" (the only citation I see for "unpolluted white water" is definitely using that sense: 1970, The State: "The Chattooga, approximately 50 miles in length, is described in the report as one of the last remaining undisturbed, unpolluted white water rivers of the Blue Ridge escarpment"). Nonetheless, some might be the sense you're after... - -sche (discuss) 08:56, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Possible missing noun sense: blank space on page
In journalism etc. apparently the "white" is the portion not printed on. This might be covered by our sense "anything of the colour white" but IMO not convincingly; I also wonder whether the empty space on a page whose background is, say, blue, or pink, could still be technically termed the "white". Would be nice to cite this; I had trouble. Equinox ◑ 00:59, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I too am having a hard time finding anything that would clearly be this sense as opposed to a general sense. If other dictionaries distinguish it, it might still be worth adding as a subsense, even if the citations could be considered the more general sense; I don't know. Incidentally, our corresponding broad definition at black, "Part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black", should perhaps be revised to be more like this one ("Anything that is [X]")... - -sche (discuss) 08:48, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Alternative forms
Several alternative forms can be found online, and probably in (especially pop-culture-y) magazines etc, for the racial sense: yt/YT (Talk:yt), whyte (currently labelled an obsolete spelling), whyt, wyt. - -sche (discuss) 03:53, 7 April 2018 (UTC)

definitions
Add "the lighter one of two (or a small number of) varieties", I don't often see it put so directly, but it fits for white chess pieces, wine, people, and coffee. I always thought of these things as not "really" white because they're not RGB 255,255,255, but it's a very common use of the word.

 * Colours in reality aren't 100% pure like colours on a computer screen; that's just life. I don't think we need to explain it in every or any colour entry. The same goes for words like round, square, spherical: such objects are not pure geometrical entities in real life; that's a given. Equinox ◑ 19:03, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

RFC discussion: June–July 2020

 * See Talk:black.

white lie
What meaning is used in white lie ? JMGN (talk) 11:40, 15 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Probably the sense relating to being 'honourable, fair or decent', though I could see why we might choose to have a slihtly different sense or subsense to cover it. --Overlordnat1 (talk) 12:13, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

Possible missing Adj sense: "burnished without ornament"
This appears in Chambers 1908. Unsure of the context: could be ceramics or something? Equinox ◑ 14:36, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

RFD discussion: July 2023–March 2024
Rfd-sense: (board games, chess) The person playing with the white set of pieces. - in any competition that there is a white team this "sense" can be used, ("white was up three points to two"). While it is true in chess that the sides are referred to as white and black, the same is true in go and many other games which have white or black pieces, and when there are other colors those are also referred to by name. It doesn't seem like a distinct sense of white. - TheDaveRoss  16:15, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Keep. The person playing with the white pieces is clearly distinct from the white pieces themselves, whether chess or go (or some other game) is being referred to. —-Overlordnat1 (talk) 17:01, 11 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep, I guess. The fact that it is a metonymy is not a particularly strong argument by itself, especially as it can probably be applied to other colour names besides "white" and "black". I'm more convinced by the fact that lemmings have seen fit to include this metonymy as a separate sense or subsense. This, that and the other (talk) 07:59, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. I'm not sure on this one... Should this same sense be added to red, since checkers uses red pieces? What about yellow, blue, red and green when playing parcheesi? You could probably find any given color in some board game where it would be appropriate to refer to one player as that given color... – Guitarmankev1 (talk) 12:36, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep per Overlordnat1. Nothing about this sense's existence in multiple board games invalidates it; it is very common in chess particularly. –CopperyMarrow15 (talk | edits) Feel free to ping me! 20:15, 8 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Delete, RTFM and not a dictionary. Fay Freak (talk) 12:17, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep, as idiomatic to chess; not sure whether this extends to checkers, but I note that older chess sets frequently used red pieces, although I don't know whether it was common to refer to the player using them as "red". P Aculeius (talk) 05:44, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

Kept. bd2412 T 20:28, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:white


text:
User:Paul G

Based in London, UK. Timezone: GMT/GMT+1 (UTC/UTC+1) Email: paolog32  hotmail com (for Wiktionary-related correspondence only)

A Wiktionary member since late 2003, a sysop since January 2004 and Wiktionary's second bureaucrat from summer 2005. I speak French and Italian fluently, but I am not trilingual or bilingual.

I mainly support English, with French and Italian translations, occasionally contributing translations in other languages when I find them.

Areas to which I have provided major contributions or which are entirely or almost entirely my own work:
 * Appendix of animals
 * Appendix of place names
 * Appendix of prefixes (now a category)
 * Appendix of SI units
 * Appendix of suffixes (now a category)
 * English rhymes

Areas of particular expertise:
 * Mathematical vocabulary

Contributions to Wiktionary format:
 * Format of synonyms and antonyms
 * Templates for adjectives and nouns
 * Translation tables

Words to be categorised as blends/portmanteaus
Add template to these to add them to "Category:Portmanteaus", if appropriate; correct etymology for those incorrectly stated to be blends.

From other dictionaries:
 * autocutie

List from Wikipedia (not all are legit; to be checked)

A more exhaustive list of "lishes" appears here (where?)
 * argumentary from argument and documentary the appropriate classification of a Michael Moore documentary
 * Blorph from blend and morph - a visual effects technique (coined by Ken Ralston/ Sony Pictures Imageworks)
 * broast perhaps from broil and roast; a word commonly encountered at restaurants in Saudi Arabia
 * carboloy from carbon and alloy
 * complastered from completely and plastered
 * Demopublican from Democrat and Republican
 * dramastic from dramatic and drastic
 * Finglisi from Farsi (Persian for "Persian") and Inglisi (Persian for "English") (see also —lish, below)
 * ghettro from ghetto and retro
 * hairagami from origami and hair - an "As seen on TV" product for hairstyling for formal events.
 * hugantic from huge and gigantic
 * iclue from idea and clue
 * insannabis from insane or insanity and cannabis
 * —lish used as a suffix to form many frankenwords meaning foreign varieties of English (see also Franglais, above):
 * Germlish (German)
 * Hebrish (Hebrew)
 * Swedlish (Swedish)
 * lupper from lunch and supper
 * manssiere from man and brassiere - a bra designed for and worn by a man (coined on a Seinfeld episode)
 * mantastic from man and fantastic
 * mimbo from male and bimbo (coined on a Seinfeld episode)
 * necessory from necessity and accessory
 * nonebrity from nonentity and celebrity to describe a person with no talent or importance who has somehow become famous, such as a Big Brother contestant.
 * pedoriffic from pedophile and terrific, usually used to describe an attractive girl who is jailbait
 * peelief from peeing and relief
 * Pimperific from "Pimp" and "Terrific"
 * pizzone from pizza and calzone (popularized by Pizza Hut)
 * "pluot" from plum and apricot (also Aprium: a patented hybrid of apricot and plum; Nectaplum: a hybrid of nectarine and plum; Nectarcot: a hybrid of nectarine and apricot; Peacotum: a hybrid of peach, apricot and plum; all are trademarks of Zaiger's Genetics (see here)
 * Portendo from portable and Nintendo is a project implemented by Kevin Horton. This project involves the concept of making a compact (portable) NES/Famicom.
 * Pretendo from pretend and Nintendo is a parody reference to Nintendo for the TV show Muppet Babies.
 * ridonkulous from ridiculous and donkey (or ass) - something that is so ridiculous that whatever caused it to be can be considered asinine (or an ass)
 * rollicking from rolling and licking
 * sexcellent from sex and excellent
 * slandanity from slander and vanity Information used to defame a non-notable person and slandering them.
 * sophmore from sophisticated and moron
 * sportscast from sports and broadcast
 * Sunfire from Sunbird and Firebird a nameplate pun used for the mid-90s redesign of the Pontiac Sunbird
 * truggy from truck and buggy is a buggy-like truck made for off-road racing.
 * typosuction from typographical error and liposuction
 * vanbulance from van and ambulance - an ambulance built out of a full-size van
 * wonderosity from wonder and curiosity -following one's sense of curiosity in a direction that leads to wonder or awe.
 * Wonkavator from Wonka and elevator - a fictional elevator that can move in any direction, not merely up or down -- featured in the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory
 * Wonkavision from Wonka and television - a fictional method of creating a potentially unlimited number of smaller copies from a larger original object, which gets destroyed in the process -- featured in the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory
 * woon from wooden and spoon - flat wooden things for eating dished ice cream

Computing and technology

 * ARPAnet from ARPA and network
 * ASCIIbetical from ASCII and alphabetical
 * companding from compressing and expanding
 * datacasting from data and broadcasting
 * desknote from desktop and notebook is a laptop that uses a desktop-style CPU.
 * digipeater from digital and repeater
 * ezine from electronic and magazine
 * famikon from family and computer is the Japanese wasei-eigo term for the Nintendo Entertainment System
 * Fembot from female and robot
 * Feminoid from female and android
 * linearithmic from linear and logarithmic
 * Mactel from Apple Macintosh and Intel
 * multicart from multiple and cartridge. This kind of cartridge consists of multiple games in one (e.g. 76,000-in-1 from Power Player Super Joy III).
 * NESticle from NES and testicle
 * privoxy from private and proxy
 * smudgemate from smudge and estimate

Marketing

 * fraudience from fraud and audience
 * Limon from lime + lemon; a commercial construction to promote the soft drink Sprite
 * multiplex from multiple and cineplex! - this word has a different meaning in telecommunications
 * narrowcasting from narrow and broadcasting -- this word refers to a large media network in which content is sent to individual nodes, rather than to the network as a whole.

Art, literature and entertainment (pop culture)

 * airpain from airplane and pain is the name of a microgame on Wario Ware, Inc. Mega Microgame$ and Wario Ware, Inc. Mega Party Game$.
 * Animutation, an absurdist animation genre, from animation and mutation
 * arfé from art and café
 * Cantaloop from cantaloupe and loop is a song by US3 inspired by Herbie Hancock's song "Cantaloupe Island".
 * dancercise from dance and exercise
 * dancersize from dance and circumsize, coined in jest on Fry and Laurie
 * Darth (in the fictional Star Wars universe created by George Lucas, the title assumed by a Sith Lord) possibly combining Dark and Death.
 * didcap from DID (damsel in distress) and vidcap (video capture).
 * Digimon from digital and monster a children's cartoon/franchise similar to 'Pokémon'.
 * dramality from drama and reality television (coined by Mark Burnett to describe his television series Survivor)
 * dubtitle from dub and subtitle, for subtitles transcribed from dubbed soundtrack, especially in anime
 * Famicom from family and computer, this is the official name for the Japanese version of the NES.
 * Famiclone from Famicom and clone. These are clones of the NES/Famicom. Many of these products are pirated hardware.
 * frobust from robust and afro.
 * funbelievable from "fun" and "unbelievable"
 * Goombario from Goomba and Mario, he is a friendly variation of the goomba, and is a playable character in Paper Mario.
 * Goomboss from Goomba and boss, coined from Nintendo video game company; he is the boss of the goombas in the video game Super Mario 64 DS. And he complains that goombas have been getting squashed by Mario.
 * Jawesome from jaw and awesome, coined from Street Sharks TV show.
 * justache from just and mustache, facial hair that is explicitly just a mustache.
 * Kramit from Kermit and Damnit, this word was said in some song about Big Bird and Kermit getting stoned. Sesame Street was referred to as "Sensimilla Street" in that song.
 * Kripkenstein from Kripke and Wittgenstein, coined to describe a philosophical position that Kripke argued one could read into Wittgenstein's work, but which neither he nor Wittgenstein accepted.
 * Magikoopa from magic and koopa, characters from the Super Mario series of games that performed magic; Kamek is the most famous of the class.
 * mathercise from mathematics and exercise, used by Mr. Morales to describe group aerobics involving shaping one's body into the specified equation.
 * molestache from molest and mustache, facial hair that evokes the image of a child molester.
 * newrun from new and rerun - episode from a talk-show wherin old subjects are rehashed.
 * Nintendogs from Nintendo and dogs, a pet simulation video game for the Nintendo DS handheld.
 * Orgasmatron from orgasm and electron(ic) - from Woody Allen's Sleeper
 * Policenauts from police and astronaut
 * rockumentary from rock and documentary
 * sacrilicious from sacrilege and delicious, used by Homer Simpson
 * smark from smart and mark - professional wrestling slang for fans who recognize the scripted nature of the business, but still enjoy the in-ring entertainment
 * Somari from Sonic and Mario. This game was a pirated hack of Sonic the Hedgehog casting Mario instead.
 * streetball from street and basketball
 * threatmantic from threatening and romantic, used to describe threatening love notes

Organizations, companies and brand names

 * Accenture from accent and future (accent on the future)
 * Amoco from American Oil Company
 * Amtrak from America, travel and track
 * Aramco from Arab, American, and company is the national oil company of Saudi Arabia.
 * CONMEBOL from Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (Spanish for "South American Football Confederation")
 * CONELRAD from control (of) electromagnetic radiation
 * Cosworth from founders Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth
 * Danimals from Dannon and animals is a brand name for yogurt that kids eat. They have a marketing campaign with animated animals.
 * Frusion from fruit and fusion is a brand name for a low-fat yogurt by Dannon.
 * GMail from Google and E-mail; the email branch of Google.
 * Intel from integrated and electronics; could also act as a short variation of intelligent therefore Intel devices are intelligent in terms of technology.
 * Mopar from motor and part The parts division of DaimlerChrysler
 * Nicorette from nicotine and cigarette - a brand name for an anti-nicotine gum.
 * Pofumo from post-, fucking and modern (see postmodern)
 * Swooshtika from swoosh and swastika, a derogatory name for the Nike, Inc. logo
 * Texaco from Texas and company is an oil company now part of Chevron_Corporation.
 * Verizon from veritas (Latin for truth) and horizon
 * Vodafone from voice, data and fone derived from phone
 * Waitrose from founders' names Wallace Waite and Arthur Rose
 * Wexis is a humorous term used to refer to the two academic publishing conglomerates which dominate the legal information services industry, namely Westlaw and LexisNexis.
 * WildFur Productions from the names of its founders, Andrew Wildman and Simon Furman.
 * Zend Technologies from the names of its founders, Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans.

Human and/or character names

 * Blanca from blanc (meaning white) and Bianca
 * Bradical from Brad and radical
 * Dannah from Dana and Hannah
 * Dina from Dana and Tina
 * Nisa from Nina and Lisa - a rare female human name.
 * Rachelle from Rachel and Michelle
 * Waluigi from Wario and Luigi
 * Wario from Wario and Mario

Animals

Real - dogs

 * bordachy (Pron. bor-DA-ki) Border Terrier/Dachshund.
 * bug Boston terrier/Pug or Beagle/Pug
 * chiweiner (Chihuahua/Dachshund). Its popularity is increasing especially in the Pacific Northwest. The Chiweiner is characterized by its Dachshund face and slightly long Chihuahua-like body. Its small size makes it a good house pet.
 * chowggle (Beagle/Chow Chow)
 * Gerchowder (German Shepherd Dog/Chow Chow)

Fictional

 * Fantastapottamus from fantastic and hippopotamus, referred to in an episode of The Simpsons.
 * Jackalope from Jackrabbit and antelope is a jackrabbit with antlers, usually created by a taxidermist.
 * Kangarillapig from kangaroo gorilla and pig derogatory slang used to describe an exceptionally ugly girl.
 * mawg from man and dawg( a mutation of the word "dog")(from the movie Spaceballs)

Portmanteaus by Lewis Carroll

Some of these terms are nonce words, others are of questionable origin or have worked their way into common speech.

 * burbled from bubbled and gurgled, a legitimate dictionary word, derived from the Middle English "burblen", and meaning a gurgling or bubbling sound.
 * frumious from fuming and furious.

Politics, economics and geography

 * Delmarva Peninsula from Delaware, Maryland and Virginia (postal abbreviation VA) is the name of the peninsula where portions of all three of these U.S. states are located.
 * Enronomics from Enron and economics
 * Kalamari from Kalahari and Mario a desert from the Super Mario universe.
 * Koopahari from koopa and Kalahari is the name of the desert on the Super Mario Bros. movie in the parallel dimension.
 * Mexamericanada from Mexico, America, and Canada
 * Mexifornia from Mexico and California
 * Odditorium from odd and auditorium - a museum that displays exhibits beyond realistic imagination.
 * Pakistan from Punjab, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan, plus the suffix -i-stan - the name of the South Asian Islamic state to distinguish itself from India.
 * Pennsyltucky from Pennsylvania and Kentucky -Referring to the area of Pennslyvania in the north and center of the state which is neither Philadelphia nor Pittsburgh (and their respective suburbs). These areas tend to vote Republican (like Kentucky), while the urban and suburban areas tend to vote Democrat.
 * Rogernomics from Roger and economics
 * Rubinomics from Rubin and economics
 * Ruthanasia from Ruth and euthanasia
 * Talsinki from Tallinn and Helsinki
 * Texarkana from Texas and Arkansas, the name of a border town of these two U.S. states.
 * Texhoma from Texas and Oklahoma, the name of a border town of these two U.S. states.
 * Theftinomics from theft and economics
 * Utaho from Utah and Idaho; this word is commonly used on the Idaho potato joke.

Portmanteaus of portmanteaus

 * alphanumeric from alphabetic and numeric
 * ASCIIbetical from ASCII and alphabetical
 * Famiclone from Famicom and clone. These are clones of the NES/Famicom. Many of these products are pirated hardware.
 * Googlepedia from Google and Wikipedia to describe a possible cooperation project.

Swear words

 * flooser (from fuck and loser)
 * foff (from fuck and off)
 * fungry (from fuck and hungry)
 * gaytard (from gay and retard)

Music-related terms

 * Dusic from Dazz and music a name of a song by the Dazz Band
 * Funkadelic from funk and psychadelic the secondary proposal of band naming for George Clinton's band that would have been known as Parliament
 * Funkula from funk and dracula part of a song name by George Clinton.
 * Protopunk from prototype and punk one of the earliest forms of punk music.

Other languages

 * Dasaitama in Japanese is a nickname for the city Saitama, and a compound of the city's name with Dasai (uncool).
 * skinship is a Japanese wasei-eigo word made up of two English words, skin and kinship, meaning a close (usually familial) relationship based on physical contact.
 * Tashhetz (תשחץ) in Hebrew means arrow crossword and is made up of tashbetz (crossword) + hetz (arrow).

Portmanteaus for language mixtures

 * Chinglish in English: Chinese + English.
 * Czenglish in English: Czech + English.
 * Denglisch in German: Deutsch + Englisch ("German" + "English").
 * Finglish in English: Finnish + English.
 * Frespañol in French: français + espagnol ("French" + "Spanish").
 * Germish in English: German + English.
 * Globish in English: Global + English.
 * Greeklish in English: Greek + English, written only, Greek typed in Latin characters.
 * Hinglish in English: Hindi + English.
 * Itagnolo in Italian: italiano + spagnolo ("Italian" + "Spanish").
 * Itañol in Spanish: italiano + español ("Italian" + "Spanish").
 * Italese in Italian: italiano + canadese ("Italian" + "Canadian"). [Used to describe mix of English and Italian words and phrases that are used among Italian immigrants to Canada]
 * Japlish in English: Japanese + English (though the more common term is the non-portmanteau Engrish)
 * Konglish in English: Korean + English.
 * Namlish in English: Namibian + English.
 * Portunhol in Portuguese: português + espanhol ("Portuguese" + "Spanish").
 * Portuñol in Spanish: portugués + español ("Portuguese" + "Spanish").
 * Singlish in Singaporean English: Singaporean + English, English with a Singaporean accent mixed with words from various Asian languages spoken in Singapore, such as Malay and Hokkien.
 * Spanglish in American English: Spanish + English.
 * Svengelska in Swedish: svenska + engelska ("Swedish" + "English").
 * Svorsk in Norwegian: svensk + norsk ("Swedish" + "Norwegian").
 * Taglish in Philippine English and Tagalog: Tagalog + English.
 * Thaiglish in American English: Thai + English.
 * Yinglish in American English: Yiddish + English.

Types of -ware in computing

 * Etymology is X + -ware (except possibly for "malware")
 * Check Wikipedia for synonyms and other names

 * abandonware
 * adware
 * annoyware
 * baitware
 * Be-ware
 * bloatware
 * cardware
 * careware
 * charityware
 * crippleware
 * crudware
 * cyberware
 * donationware
 * emailware
 * fatware
 * firmware
 * freeware
 * fritterware
 * guiltware
 * liveware
 * malware
 * meatware
 * middleware
 * nagware
 * NetWare
 * payware
 * postcardware
 * psychedelicware
 * scareware
 * shareware
 * shelfware
 * spyware
 * vaporware
 * wetware

Mathematical terms to be defined

 * Wikipedia's mathematics portal

title: User:Paul G


text:
Talk:chop

Does the second verb sense define "chop" or "chop off"? If the latter, a separate entry is required.

"Chop" as "to barter, deal, buy/sell"
This sense is described as obsolete and while it may not be used in formal English anymore it is still used in street slang. People often say "I chop drugs", "can you stop by to make a chop", etc. I heard this many times growing up with Canadian English.

"Chop" as "to eat"
I had the impression that the use of the verb "chop" for "eat" (as in "let's chop" = "let's eat") was also in local English in West Africa, as well as in Pidgin and presumably Krio.--A12n (talk) 20:19, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Often unexpected candidates serve as linking verbs
Often unexpected candidates serve as linking verbs: “Chop the onions finely [read fine .” (The sentence does not describe the manner of chopping, but the things chopped. The onions are to become fine [= reduced to small particles ] .)] --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:22, 23 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:chop


text:
Talk:mega

This article is mixed up. Is it a prefix or an adjective? Isn't the Greek original "megalos"? The definition doesn't make sense.

 * Tidied. Eytmology still to be sorted out. -- Paul G 07:56, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Suggest marking compounds according to the sense of the prefix. (eg, "megaton" (1), "megabyte" (2)) -- Paul G 07:56, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I suspect that many of the colloquial meanings are nonce words, trademarks or rare and should be marked as such; some might not belong in Wikipedia and should be removed. Just my opinion. -- Paul G 07:56, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I thought the official names for M in computer terms was mibi, kibi, etc. I don't exactly like them and it doesn't seem like anyone uses or adopts them... Polyglot 20:48, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * NIST (US Government standards body) has lots of good info on the new binary prefixes on their website. But the decimal prefixes are still in popular use, regardless of what the standards say.  People haven't changed their habits overnight. -- Ortonmc 21:03, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:mega


text:
Talk:googolplex

Deleting link to "infinity"
Infinity is no more related to googolplex than it is to one, either mathematically or linguistically... deleting link to "infinity". Paul G 12:09, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Verb Source
I don't recall hearing googolplex used as a verb. Is there a source for that? 208.27.127.94 13:45, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Requests for verification - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of November 2008. 07:00, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

Googolplexian
Googolplexian is 10 with googolplex zero's. this nummber is still not the largest nummber ever. that is Transfinite number. what is just a different was to say infenit

title: Talk:googolplex


text:
recycle bin

Etymology
First sense appears c. 1971, in the . Computing sense appears in 1995 with the operating system.

Noun

 * 1) A container in which items to be recycled may be placed.
 * 2)  In, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.

Synonyms

 * (sense 1)
 * (sense 2, on other operating systems and emails)

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 資源回收筒
 * Finnish: kierrätysastia
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, , (szelektív) kuka/szemét/szemetes/szemétláda/szemetesláda
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: ка́нта за рецикли́рање
 * Norwegian: papirkurv
 * Romanian: coș de reciclare
 * Russian: му́сорная корзи́на,
 * Swedish:, , återvinningscontainer
 * Turkish: geri dönüşüm kutusu

 * Arabic: سَلَّة الْمَحْذُوفَات
 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 資源回收筒, 回收站
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: papeleira de reciclaxe
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: coș de gunoi
 * Russian: му́сорная корзи́на
 * Spanish: papelera de reciclaje
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ถังรีไซเคิล
 * Turkish: geri dönüşüm kutusu
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: thùng rác

title: recycle bin


text:
Talk:butterfly

Entry with the most translations?
Does this page hold the Wiktionary record for the largest number of languages into which an entry has been translated, I wonder? Paul G 14:14, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Maybe, for now, but wait until I add 200 translations for iron....Polyglot 14:43, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * It is hard to tell if these are real or conlangs, there are so many. --Connel MacKenzie 01:28, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

"PG" comments
What do the (PG) comments mean in the translations? They are nothing to do with my initials. — Paul G 15:57, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The history shows an edit stamped "05:42, 25 Aug 2003" by 134.58.253.130 with the comment "found even more translations on http://butterflywebsite.com/articles/saybut.htm" - That page says "Our good friend, Pol Grymonprez of Ghent, Belgium, the source of many of our words..." and also contains the "PG"s. Looks like signatures from the contributor to that page so I'll delete them. — Hippietrail 00:17, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Columnar format for translations
I've restored the columnar form for the long list of translations. Also there is no general acceptance to have translations referenced by their ISO or other codes. Plain language names makes it a lot easier for people to edit without having to go through a lot of guesswork trying to understand the codes. I've also changed the category from "English insect" to "Insect"; butterflies are not unique to England. Eclecticology 20:24, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Japanese hiragana
I notice the Japanese hiragana was just changed from ちょうちょう to ちょうちょ. Strangely, there are quite a few thousand Google hits for the old spelling even though the new spelling has a lot more. Could there be two pronunciations? Maybe dialectal? — Hippietrail 10:12, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I can't answer that myself, but if so that should be shown. Eclecticology 17:42, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm Jim Breen's Edict only gives the old spelling. Several other words also have that spelling, but none without the final "う"... — Hippietrail 00:54, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Pakistan is NOT a Language
What is Pakistan doing on this page as a language? Interlingua 05:21, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

 * ✅ It's long gone now. Equinox ◑ 19:40, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

Gruzin?
One of the language names is "Gruzin". The only language I know of called "Gruzin" is Kartveli, i.e. Georgian, which is called Gruzinski in Russian. The "Gruzin" and Georgian words are very similar, so I suspect duplication. PierreAbbat 01:05, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a combination of at least two lists of "butterfly" translations, of dubious origin, see above. Just delete it. Robert Ullmann 01:10, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

 * ✅ It's long gone now. Equinox ◑ 19:40, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

Isnt "Flutterby" a right etymology theory ?
I think that should be posted too.

 * flutter "From Middle English floteren, from Old English floterian, flotorian (“to float about, flutter”)." butterfly "Middle English buterflie, butturflye, boterflye, from Old English butorflēoge, buttorflēoge, buterflēoge, perhaps a compound of butor- 'beater', mutation of bēatan 'to beat', and flēoge 'fly" -- I doubt it - those are quite different words). I think that's more of an urban legend. DimeCadmium (talk) 15:56, 15 January 2014 (UTC)

Picture
That must be the world's greenest brimstone butterfly, I think any other photo of a brimstone butterfly would make a better illustration of their buttery hue. 217.169.13.12 22:10, 5 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually, most of the images are just as green. Part of the problem is that the yellowest parts of the wings (the upper surfaces) don't show except when the butterfly has its wings open, which is normally only when it's in flight. Chuck Entz (talk) 02:44, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Also a kind of lettuce?
I'm not sure, and can't find much, but the citation at unhearted (adjective) suggests that this might be a kind of lettuce. Equinox ◑ 19:40, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

Igbo: olookolombooka?
I'd move Igbo: olookolombooka from the Translations section to the To Be Checked section. Firstly it doesn't look like an Igbo word at all (at least, it's not standard Igbo spelling) and secondly no good references about it being so can be found (it rather looks as if many on-line sites out there have used this page as reference). Kind regards. --95.20.70.124 20:42, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

"butterfly fingers"
Some kind of hand gesture that ASMRtists do. Might be attestable some day. Leaving it here for whoever writes Wiktionary after I die. Equinox ◑ 10:03, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:butterfly


text:
Talk:merry Christmas

i think Argentinian is not a language !

 * Maybe it isn't, it could be a local dialect though. But that's not the worst of it. As far as I know Pascua means Easter. That's why I added three ??? behind it. It just comes from a list I found somewherePolyglot 15:17, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * That's interesting, because my pocket Spanish dictionary gives "felices Pascuas" (or whatever the correct Spanish is) for "Happy Christmas". I thought that was a typo.  Maybe the list you found somewhere used the same source.

 * Unfortunately I don't know anybody from Argentina. I'll ask my Peruvian and Bolivian friends, maybe they know.Polyglot 16:57, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Collins Spanish Dict. also gives that translation, and under "Pascua" there are Pascua florida, Pascua de Resurreción, Easter; Pascua de Navidad, Christmas; Pascua de Pentecostés, Whitsun, Whitsuntide; Pascuas, Christmas holiday, Christmas time... etc.  I won't quote at any greater length for copyright reasons but it seems it does definitely mean both. Amatlexico 17 Dec 2003 22:07 UTC

title: Talk:merry Christmas


text:
accriminate

Verb

 * 1)  To accuse of a crime.

title: accriminate


text:
accretive

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.

Translations

 * Latin: accretivus
 * Portuguese: acretivo

title: accretive


text:
accrete

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To grow together, combine; to fuse.
 * 2)  To adhere; to grow or to be added to gradually.
 * 3)  To make adhere; to add; to make larger or more, as by growing.
 * 1)  To adhere; to grow or to be added to gradually.
 * 2)  To make adhere; to add; to make larger or more, as by growing.
 * 1)  To make adhere; to add; to make larger or more, as by growing.

Usage notes

 * Used with the word to.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: сраствам се
 * Czech:, srůstat
 * Finnish: kasvaa yhteen,
 * Portuguese:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:

 * Finnish:, ,

Adjective

 * 1) Characterized by accretion; made up
 * 2)  Grown together
 * 1)  Grown together

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:, , kasaantunut
 * Italian:
 * Latin: accrētus

 * Bulgarian:, срастнал се
 * Finnish:
 * Japanese: 共生の

title: accrete


text:
accrescent

Etymology
From, , present participle of , from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Growing; increasing.
 * 2)  Which keeps growing past the point it normally would stop and begin wilting.
 * 3) * 2012, Bean, "A taxonomic revision of the Solanum echinatum group (Solanaceae)", Phytotaxa 57:33–50, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.57.1.6
 * The fruiting calyx is accrescent, covering all or most of the fruit.
 * The fruiting calyx is accrescent, covering all or most of the fruit.

Translations

 * Latin: accrescens

 * Catalan:
 * Portuguese:

title: accrescent


text:
accrescence

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  Continuous growth; an accretion.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Latin: accrescentia

title: accrescence


text:
Talk:wood

Forest vs wood
"Forest" is not synonymous with "wood". A forest covers a larger area than a wood. I have removed the synonym and put in a cross-reference to "forest". I will move the translations of "forest" (those that I recognise) to there in due course.
 * It is a near synonym. If I say: He walked into the forest; he walked into the wood. it means the same thing more or less. Leasnam 19:15, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Etymologies
The information under etymology 2 needs to moved under the sunder word wode. In the Middle English Dictionary, Wode is the headword and wood is a minor spelling variation. Wood and Wode have sunder etymologies and their spellings should stay asunder. AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! 19:11, 20 October 2011 (UTC)
 * But their spellings have not stayed "asunder". And ‘wood’ is the more common spelling in modern English citations. < class="latinx" >Ƿidsiþ 19:33, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

It's 2011 and I still almost never say I went hiking in the forest, rather I say I was in the woods, I was hiking in the wood, I like the trees in these woods.Acdcrocks 22:38, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

RFV discussion: January–August 2015
Rfv-sense: Made of or with wood

Just attributive use of the noun? — Ungoliant (falai) 20:25, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how to tell the difference between an uncountable noun and an incomparable adjective. None of the tests at English adjectives seem to be capable of distinguishing between these two. So what kind of citation would (hypothetically) be able to demonstrate that "wood" is indeed an incomparable adjective as well as a noun? —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 20:46, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Predicative use, i.e. you can say “this toy is wooden”, but can you say “this toy is wood”? — Ungoliant (falai) 20:49, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I'd still say that's use of the uncountable noun. Talk:woodland might provide a way forward; very wood and quite wood can't be interpreted as nominal uses, unless I'm missing something. Renard Migrant (talk) 20:56, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * That's true, but I wouldn't expect to find uses of an incomparable adjective with "quite" and "very". —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 21:08, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) Yes, you can.    But it's not completely obvious to me whether these are predicative uses of an adjective or an uncountable noun. But if you think they're good enough, I'll add them to the entry. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 20:59, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Dubious IMO. It feels like "this music is (genre)": more of a noun usage. Equinox ◑ 21:01, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I'd apply Occam's razor. If we have a noun entry for a word then there should be some unambiguous evidence for its adjectivity to support an Adjective PoS section. I can find three cites (1, 3 & 4) ["be|am|is|are|be|being|was|were more wood than" -"there is|was more wood than" here] at Google Books for the following collocation: "[be] more wood (than)". If upheld, that would let us keep the Adjective section. DCDuring TALK 22:19, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Saying "it's more wood than metal" doesn't make it an adjective, though. —CodeCat 22:21, 9 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I tend to see "this table is wood" as an adjectival usage. Dictionaries having this adjectival sense at "wood" include AHD and Merriam-Webster (entry 3). --Dan Polansky (talk) 13:32, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
 * For the record, now as before, I consider this use of RFV less than fortunate, since for English there are no conclusive purely evidence-based criteria for adjectivity. --Dan Polansky (talk) 13:34, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The OED has only the obsolete adjective (our etymology 2) meaning mad. Are we being wooden about this?  We do have steel as an adjective, and the OED doesn't, but why don't we have soap and cardboard as adjectives? ( Later note: we do now for cardboard, with good cites. Thanks, Mr. Granger. )    D b f  i  r  s   17:03, 11 January 2015 (UTC)
 * In most cases the evidence is extremely clear. Evidence is to be preferred to gum-flapping wherever possible. We can reduce the gum-flapping to evaluation and weighing of evidence, in this case, that of the judgment of lexicographers and the corpus data. It is very hard for me to take as meaningful an individual vote which often represents nothing more than an idiolect or a completely uninformed opinion. And articulate arguments based on agreed-to principles have become scarcer over time. DCDuring TALK 17:24, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

 * I'd rather go by Merriam-Webster than OED. Merriam-Webster does have an adjective sense for "steel". We could have an adjective sense in cardboard, just like Merriam-Webster; however, they may have the adjective sense to accompany the figurative adjective sense that they have. Again, since adjectivity is hard to detect based only on evidence, I discourage and oppose this use of RFV. Yes, there are cases where the evidence clearly supports adjectivity, but absence of such evidence requires judgment and discussion to determine the adjectivity, as per the existence of incomparable adjectives. Under the assumption that we take this RFV seriously, occurrences of "this table is wood" should count toward attestation as adjective, IMHO. This RFV should be closed as out-of-scope (my preferable closure), or as passed. We have no evidence to tell us whether "this table is wood" is an adjectival use, so we do have to use judgment or linguistic sense; hence the propriety of RFD for these kind of cases. --Dan Polansky (talk) 18:10, 11 January 2015 (UTC)
 * RFV can be useful and appropriate in such cases, since the POS is part of the sense, and it seems perfectly acceptable to challenge whether there's usage for the sense as an adjective. The problem comes when the evidence is inconclusive: the presumption with rfd is for keeping unless the case is made for deletion, while with rfv it's for deletion unless the case (in the form of citations) is made for keeping. I have no problem with using rfv- unless someone tries to close it as failed when citations have been provided, but they're ambiguous.Chuck Entz (talk) 00:06, 12 January 2015 (UTC)
 * You ignored the incomparable adjectives objection, it seems. --Dan Polansky (talk) 20:11, 12 January 2015 (UTC)

 * As I understand it, the issue is that there are no circumstances in which an incomparable adjective could be expected to appear that a noun could not also appear. (For example, one doesn't find "wooder", "woodest", "very wood", "quite wood", etc, but one wouldn't expect to find "birchen-er", "birchenest", "very birchen", etc, either.) What do other dictionaries think? Of the comprehensive dictionaries, Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com have an adjective section, while Century does not; of the less comprehensive dictionaries, Cambridge, MacMillan, Oxford Dictionaries and Collins do not have a relevant adjective section (some do cover the adjective "wode", but that's not what we're discussing). We would not lose any information by lacking an adjective section — the noun section covers all affected usage (senses) nicely, and translations can go in . - -sche (discuss) 06:22, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV-failed: not only do no citations show unambiguous adjectival usage (all can be analysed regularly as the noun), I can't even find evidence that this was an adjective in Old or Middle English, which distinguished nouns and adjectives in ways that can typically be recognized; the Middle English Dictionary treats attributive usage under the noun, with the preface "as quasi-adj.:". - -sche (discuss) 08:42, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Etymology
WOOD is derived from, from , due to the hybrid influence of a very rare , being the only form cognate with 🇨🇬. Andrew H. Gray 09:20, 31 October 2017 (UTC) Changes made: Andrew H. Gray 10:30, 7 December 2017 (UTC) 08:23, 9 December 2017 (UTC)Andrew I currently do not know where the dubious Indo-European supposed form UUDU originated, supposedly the origin of an identical form in Ogham Irish. This certainly needs reliable confirmation before the assumption that WUDU was assimilated later into Old English from that root. Andrew H. Gray 11:45, 21 May 2020 (UTC) Andrew

adjective
1. Made or consisting of wood; wooden. 2. Used or suitable for cutting, storing, or working with wood. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=wood --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:40, 16 July 2020 (UTC)

Vulgarity
Why does every word have to have a vulgar reference? WIktionary is supposed to be about etymology. At no time in history has "wood" meant "erect penis".79.106.209.59 18:03, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Of course it has that meaning, e.g. morning wood. It's not our fault that humans enjoy inventing vulgar slang. We just document it. Equinox ◑ 18:12, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:wood


text:
etc.

Alternative forms

 * See
 * See
 * See
 * See

Etymology
From, , from , an abbreviation of.

Phrase

 * 1) And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

Usage notes

 * "Etc." is typically read out as the full Latin phrase ' rather than as letters (as with "i.e.") or as a contraction (as with "et seq."). It is, however, sometimes read out as its English calque ' (as with "e.g.").
 * In Latin, refers solely to other things. It is therefore properly avoided in lists of people, where "et al." (that is, ) is used instead. "Et al." is thus sometimes sharply distinguished from "etc." in English, although the same abbreviation can also stand for the Latin, which is a synonym of "etc."
 * Because "etc." effectively makes a list exhaustive, it is properly avoided when using other abbreviations (such as "e.g." and "viz.") that offer partial examples. If the "etc." is desired, "i.e." may be used in their places.
 * Some speakers use a sound in place of the  in the first word. This is usually proscribed and somewhat stigmatized. It is represented in eye dialect as "excetera", "exetera", or "ekcetera".

Translations

 * Afrikaans: ens, ensovoorts
 * Albanian: etj., e të tjera
 * Amharic: ወዘተ
 * Arabic: وَهَلُمَّ جَرًّا,, إِلَى آخِرِهِ, وَهٰكَذَا
 * Hijazi Arabic: إِلَخ, إِلَى آخره
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܘܫܪܟܐ
 * Armenian: ևն, և այլն
 * Classical: եւ այլն
 * Asturian: etcétera
 * Azerbaijani: və sair, və sairə, və s.
 * Belarusian: і г. д., і гэ́так да́лей
 * Bulgarian: и т.н., и така́ ната́тък
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, a tak dále
 * Danish: ;
 * Dutch:, en zo voorts,
 * Esperanto:, ktp.
 * Estonian:, ja nii edasi
 * Faroese: o.s.fr., og so framvegis
 * Finnish:, ja niin edelleen,
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: და ა.შ.
 * German:, | furthermore: , rc., , , , , , u. ähnl., und ähnlich
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: καὶ πᾶν ὅτι τοιοῦτον, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ τὰ ἐοικότα
 * Greenlandic: il.il.
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , वग़ैरह
 * Hungarian:, s a többi
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ido: e cetere, ,
 * Indonesian: dll., dsb.
 * Ingrian: j.n.e.
 * Irish: srl. (agus araile), agus mar sin de, ⁊rl.
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese: lsp., lan sapanunggalané
 * Kazakh: және тағы басқалары
 * Khmer: ៘
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Lao: ຯລຯ, ຕໍ່ໆ
 * Latin:, , , et caetera
 * Lingala: b.n.b.
 * Lithuanian: ir kt., ir pan., ir t.t.
 * Macedonian:, и така натаму
 * Malay: dll.,, dsb.,
 * Manx: a.r.e.
 * Maori: ētahi atu
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: т. м.
 * Mongolian: гэх мэт, гэхчлэн
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: et cetera,
 * Nynorsk: et cetera, etc., osb.
 * Old English: and swā forþ
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, i tym podobnie, i tym podobne, , ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romani: thaj but aver
 * Romanian: etc., etc,, , ș.a.m.d., și așa mai departe
 * Russian:, , , , и пр.
 * Scottish Gaelic: msaa, ⁊c.
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: итд.
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:, a tak ďalej
 * Slovene: itd.
 * Sotho: jj., jwalo-jwalo
 * Spanish:, &., y otras, , y más
 * Swahili: n.k.
 * Swedish:, , , , et c., ,
 * Tagalog:, at iba pa
 * Tajik: ва ғайра, ва ғ.
 * Thai:
 * Tigrinya: ወዘተረፈ
 * Turkish: ve saire, vs ; ve bunun gibi, ve benzeri, vb
 * Ukrainian: і т. д., і так да́лі
 * Urdu: وغیرہ, الخ
 * Uyghur: ۋە ھاكازالار, قاتارلىقلار
 * Uzbek: va boshqalar
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Welsh: ac yn y blaen, ayyb,, ac ati
 * Yiddish: און אַזוי ווײַטער, אא״וו
 * Yoruba: abbl., àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ

Etymology
Probably borrowed from, itself an abbreviation of.

Adverb

 * 1)  and the rest; and so forth

Adverb

 * 1) et cetera (and so on)

Adverb

 * 1) etc.

Etymology
An abbreviation of Hungarian, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) etc.

Adverb

 * 1) et cētera (and so forth)

title: etc.


text:
Talk:ten to

I posted my last up date to this entry at ten to seven... happy coincidence :)

ten to two
Is this because in some cases, the 'two' can be lifted out? It would seem a shame to not provide translations for 'ten to'. In most cases, it look like it can be done (French is moins dix). Mglovesfun (talk) 12:01, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

RFC discussion: September 2012–March 2020
Listed as a noun. Um, you're kidding right? , . Also the translations for for ten to two, why? In most if not all cases you can lift out the 'two' bit. In cases where a certain case is needed, use or whatever. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:49, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, it can be use as object of prepositions like at, after, until, before, by, since, toward so it is a nominal. What other PoS would you recommend? Also, consider:
 * "Ten to is when we are leaving." (subject)
 * "The ten-to train left two minutes late." (attributive use of ?)
 * "It was nearing ten to, when we were supposed to board the train." (object of verb)
 * It seems to simply beg a meaningful question to declare them "Phrases" and let the user figure of that they aren't verbals or adjuncts or whatever. DCDuring TALK 02:44, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Entry has been deleted --Guiri Falso (talk) 13:24, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:ten to


text:
Doctor of Musical Arts

Noun

 * 1) A terminal degree intended for musicians who wish to combine the highest attainments in their major area with proven accomplishment in theoretical studies and musicology.

title: Doctor of Musical Arts


text:
Talk:Ph.D.

I don't know the US situation, but at most UK universities, PhDs are awarded in almost every subject. I've never heard of a DA or EdD. (Also, similarly, quite a few UK universities - including Oxford and Cambridge - award BA degrees even to students who study the sciences exclusively.) Amatlexico 17 Dec 03 22:01 GMT

It is a common misconception that all doctorates are PhDs. Nothing could be further from the truth. There are about 50 different types in the US alone, recognized by the US Dept. of Education. THe PhD is the most common, but certainly not the only type!

The Ed.D is a Doctor of Education. The D.A. is a Doctor of Arts

There are many, many others, including D.Sc- Doctor of Science, D.M.A.- Doctor of Musical Arts, etc.

Just by way of example, here is the link for the US Dept. of Education. Scroll down to see the complete list of doctorates.

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-research-doctorate.html ________________________________________________________________________

While the site above is an excellent reference for doctoral degree types in the US, there are also several different types of doctoral degrees in the UK, not just the PhD. There are also "higher doctorates" in the UK, above the PhD.

Here's one site in the UK that lists several: http://registry.shu.ac.uk/gst/public/resdegree/highdo.html

This site discusses the difference between the Ed.D and Ph.D (D.Phil) for example: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/education/1-3-9-2.html

There are so many...

Also, a quick Google search for "Doctor of Arts" and "Doctor of Education" reveal... too many pages of references to count.

ASTA2500

 * You are clearly right that there are many different types of doctorate, but we must avoid giving the impression that a PhD is only a doctorate of philosophy. The Sussex site shows that one can get a DPhil in Education. (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/education/1-3-9-1.html) [[User:Amatlexico|Amatlexico] 18 Dec 2003 19:28 UTC

title: Talk:Ph.D.


text: D.B.A.

title: D.B.A.


text: Th.D.

title: Th.D.


text:
accrimination

Noun

 * 1)  Accusation, recrimination.

title: accrimination


text:
bicultural

Etymology
The is derived from.

The is derived from the adjective.

Adjective

 * 1) Adapted to two separate cultures.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kaksikulttuurinen
 * French:
 * Greek: αμφιπολιτισμικός
 * Italian: biculturale
 * Macedonian: двоку́лтурен
 * Romanian: bicultural

Noun

 * 1) A person belonging to two cultures.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: kaksikulttuurinen henkilö
 * French: ,
 * Romanian:

title: bicultural


text:
merry Christmas

Phrase

 * Merry Christmas, Jack. / Same to you. And a happy New Year.
 * Have a merry Christmas, Jack. / Merry Christmas to you and your family.
 * 1) * 1722, The Hiſtorical Regiſter, volume VII, № XXVIII, “An Anſwer from the Marqueſs of ———— to the Letter of a Prelate, concerning Cardinal Alberoni”, pages 291–292
 * I am aſhamed to talk of theſe Trifles, but to make you ſenſible by the Way, that the Spaniards are not ſo ungrateful as you repreſent them, I ſhall tell you, that the Money ariſing out of the Sale that was made of the Wine and Chocolate belonging to the Cardinal at his Departure, was more than ſufficient to defray the Expences of his Journey, and had he continued fifteen Days longer at Madrid, he would have received by the Poſt a Bill of 1000 Piſtoles, with which a Friend wiſhed him a merry Chriſtmas, which Sum was paid by the King’s Orders to the Government of Madrid to be employed for the Benefit of the Publick.
 * I am aſhamed to talk of theſe Trifles, but to make you ſenſible by the Way, that the Spaniards are not ſo ungrateful as you repreſent them, I ſhall tell you, that the Money ariſing out of the Sale that was made of the Wine and Chocolate belonging to the Cardinal at his Departure, was more than ſufficient to defray the Expences of his Journey, and had he continued fifteen Days longer at Madrid, he would have received by the Poſt a Bill of 1000 Piſtoles, with which a Friend wiſhed him a merry Chriſtmas, which Sum was paid by the King’s Orders to the Government of Madrid to be employed for the Benefit of the Publick.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: geseënde Kersfees
 * Akan: Afishapa
 * Albanian: gëzuar Krishtlindjen
 * Alutiiq: Nunaniqsaakici Aʀusistuami
 * Amharic: መልካም ገና
 * Arabic: عِيد مِيلَاد مَجِيد, مِيلَاد مَجِيد
 * Aragonese: feliz nadal
 * Armenian: շնորհավոր Սուրբ Ծնունդ
 * Asturian: feliz navidá
 * Aymara: sooma nawira-ra
 * Azerbaijani: milad bayramınız mübarək, milad bayramın mübarək
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: з Каля́дамі, з Нараджэ́ннем, з Нараджэ́ннем Хрыстовым
 * Bikol Central: maugmang pasko
 * Breton: nedeleg laouen
 * Bulgarian: Весела Коледа
 * Cappadocian Greek: Χαϊρλου Χρουστού Πάσκας
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: malipayong Pasko
 * Cherokee: ᎤᏬᏢᏗ ᏓᏂᏍᏓᏲᎯᎲ ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᏓᏂᏍᏓᏲᎯᎲ
 * Chichewa: khrisimasi yabwino
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 聖誕快樂
 * Mandarin:, 聖誕節快樂
 * Classic Nahuatl: cualli tlacatilizilhuitl
 * Cornish: Nadelik lowen
 * Corsican: Bon Natale è pace è salute
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch: vrolijk kerstfeest, prettig kerstfeest
 * Erzya: уцяскав Роштува, Роштува марто
 * Esperanto: ĝojan Kristnaskon
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe: Blunya na wo
 * Extremaduran: felís Naviá
 * Faroese: gleðilig jól
 * Finnish: hyvää joulua, hauskaa joulua
 * French:
 * Galician: bo Nadal!
 * Georgian: შობას გილოცავთ, შობას გილოცავ , ბედნიერ შობას გისურვებ, ბედნიერ შობას გისურვებთ , გილოცავ შობის დღესასწაულს!, გილოცავთ შობის დღესასწაულს!
 * German:, fröhliche Weihnachten
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic: juullimi pilluarit, juullisiorluarit
 * Haitian Creole: Jwaye Nowèl
 * Hawaiian: mele Kalikimaka
 * Hebrew: חג מולד שמח
 * Hindi: शुभ बड़ा दिन, शुभ क्रिस्मस, मेरी क्रिसमस, क्रिसमस मुबारक
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Inari Sami: pyereh juovlah
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: Onnekasta Joulua
 * Irish: Nollaig Shona
 * Italian: buon Natale
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: sugeng Natal
 * Jingpho: ngwi pyaw ai X'mas rai u ga!
 * Karelian: hyviä rastavua
 * Karo Batak: selamat wari Natal
 * Kazakh: рождество құтты болсын
 * Khmer: រីករាយថ្ងៃបុណ្យណូអែល, បុណ្យណូអែល
 * Korean: 즐거운 성탄절,
 * Kyrgyz: Жаратканнын туысымен
 * Ladin: bon Nadel
 * Lao: ສຸກສັນວັນຄຣິດສມາດ
 * Latin: felix dies Nativitatis, Natale Hilare
 * Latvian: priecīgus Ziemassvētkus
 * Lithuanian: Linksmų Kalėdų
 * Livonian: rīemliži talšpivḑi
 * Lule Sami: buorre javlla
 * Lushootseed: haʔɬ pədx̌aʔx̌aʔ
 * Luxembourgish: schéine Chrëschtdag
 * Macanese: filiz Natal
 * Macedonian: Среќен Божиќ, Христос се роди, Навистина се роди
 * Malay: selamat hari Natal, selamat Natal
 * Maltese: il-Milied it-Tajjeb
 * Manx: nollick Ghennal
 * Mapudungun: Ayiwün Paskon
 * Moksha: Роштува мархта
 * Mon: ,
 * Mongolian: Зул сарын мэнд хүргэе
 * Navajo: Yáʼátʼééh Késhmish, Nizhónígo Késhmish Adííłeeł
 * Norman: bouan Noué
 * Northern Sami: buorit juovllat
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gledelig jul,
 * Nynorsk: gledeleg jul, god jul
 * Occitan: Bon Nadal
 * Panjabi:
 * Papiamentu: Bon Pascu
 * Persian: میلاد مسیح مبارک باد, کریسمس مبارک
 * Pite Sami: buorre jåvvlå
 * Polish:, Wesołych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: legreivlas fiastas da Nadal
 * Russian:, с Рождество́м Христо́вым, Весёлого Рождества́, Счастли́вого Рождества́
 * Samoan: Manuia le Kerisimasi
 * Scots: Merrie Chrissmas
 * Scottish Gaelic: Nollaig Chridheil
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Срећан Божић, Сретан Божић, Христос се роди, ваистину се роди
 * Roman: Srećan Božić, Sretan Božić, Hristos se rodi, vaistinu se rodi
 * Sicilian: bon Natali
 * Silesian: Radosnych Godōw
 * Sinhalese: සුභ නත්තලක්
 * Skolt Sami: šiõǥǥ rosttvid
 * Slovak: veselé Vianoce
 * Slovene: Vesel božič
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: Wjasołe gódy
 * Upper Sorbian: wjesołe hody
 * Southern Sami: læhkoe jåvlh
 * Spanish:
 * Sranan Tongo: wan switi kresneti
 * Sundanese: wilujeng Natal
 * Swahili: heri ya Krismasi, Krismasi njema
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: maligayang Pasko
 * Tajik: мавлуди Исо муборак
 * Tamil: கிறிஸ்துமஸ் நல்வாழ்த்துக்கள்
 * Telugu: మెర్రీ క్రిస్మస్
 * Thai: สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส
 * Turkish: mutlu Noeller
 * Turkmen: roždestwoňyz gutly bolsun
 * Udmurt: Выль Арен, но Толсур
 * Ukrainian: з Різдво́м, з Різдво́м Христо́вим
 * Ume Sami: buörrie juvlla
 * Urdu: کرسمس مبارک, جشنِ کرسمس مبارک, شبھ بڑا دن, شبھ کرسمس, میری کرسمس
 * Uzbek: rojdestvo muborak
 * Venetian: bon Nadal
 * Veps: Raštvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke
 * Vietnamese: chúc mừng Giáng sinh, chúc mừng Nô-en, mừng Chúa Giáng sinh
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: Nadolig Llawen
 * West Frisian: noflike krystdagen
 * Yiddish: אַ פֿריילעכן ניטל
 * Yoruba: kú ọdún Kérésìmesì, kú ọdún, kú ìyèdún
 * Yup'ik: Alussistuaqegtaarmek piamken, Alussistuaqegcikici
 * Zulu: uKhisimusi oMuhle

title: merry Christmas


text:
Talk:mayonnaise

Port Mahon
Historical info cut: "Created in 1756 for a victory dinner when the French defeated the British at Port Mahon." Belongs in Wikipedia; alternatively, make it into an etymology. Paul G 10:16, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * dictionary.com gives this as the possible etymology, so I have not put it in as such.

This is my rough translation of the Étymologie entry from the French Wiktionnaire:
 * (1756) after taking Port Mahon (PORT MAHO, in the local dialect), the main port of Menorca [then] occupied by the British, by French troops commanded by Maréchal de Richelieu (nephew of the cardinal), the personal chef of the Maréchal discovered the local cuisine and especially a sauce of eggs and olive oil, used to season dishes... He therefore borrowed the recipe...
 * (1806): current spelling (Viard, the imperial chef).
 * The word would be an alteration of mahonaise, in reference to the city of Mahón, capital of Menorca, there are writings archived at the Museum of MAHON.
 * The other trails include one that would bind mayonnaise to the city of Bayonne: 'bayonnaise sauce', became mayonnaise → see Béarnaise.
 * The word mayonnaise could also be a derivative of moyeunnaise (from moyeu, a former word for egg yolk) or even a reference to the Duke of Mayenne.
 * Note on Viard from French Wikipédia: Alexandre Viard (fl. 1806), chef de cuisine and author of Cuisinier Impérial, (personal chef to the emperor, Napoléon I) later editions bore the titles of Le Cuisinier Royal (after both restorations of the monarchy of Louis XVIII) and Le Cuisinier National (after the July Revolution of 1830).

And I include the original French for anyone who would like to improve on my translation:
 * (1756) Après la prise de Port Mahon (PORT MAHO, en MINORQUIN), le port principal de Minorque occupé par les britanniques, par les troupes françaises commandées par le Maréchal de Richelieu (le neveu du cardinal), le cuisinier du maréchal découvre la cuisine locale et en particulier une sauce à base d’œufs et d’huile d’olive, utilisée pour assaisonner les mets… Il aurait donc repris la recette à son compte... (1806): orthographe actuelle (Viard, le cuisinier impérial).

Le mot serait donc une altération de mahonaise, en référence à la ville de Mahon, capitale de Minorque, il y a des écrits archivés au musée de MAHON.
 * Parmi les autres pistes, on retrouve celle qui lierait la mayonnaise à la ville de Bayonne : « sauce bayonnaise », devenue mayonnaise → voir béarnaise.
 * Le mot mayonnaise pourrait aussi être un dérivé de moyeunnaise (de moyeu, ancien nom du jaune d’œuf) ou encore une référence au duc de Mayenne.

☺ Dick Kimball (talk) 16:44, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. The OED casts doubt on the Mahon origin because the word doesn't appear in French at the right time.  I've added some other possibilities.    D b f  i  r  s   19:26, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Is it really necessary to include (on this page)? I think most people consulting Wiktionary can read and come to that conclusion on their own. Of course, this is just my opinion. No real need to take it into account. It might be worth discussing though.Polyglot 13:39, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * That's true - I put it in because I've seen it elsewhere. I think it might be helpful when the page looks as though it is for the English word only and the foreign-language word is somewhere down at the bottom.  What do you think? Paul G 14:17, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I think that the fact that it isn't a link, already makes it stand out. It would be interesting to know other people's opinion.Polyglot 14:39, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

RFD
RFD-sense "(US standard of identity) An edible emulsified semisolid made of: vegetable oil (at least 65%); vinegar and/or lemon juice; raw egg (whole eggs or yolks); and, optionally, any of various flavor-related ingredients, sequestrants, acids and crystallization inhibitors." Redundant to the main sense, IMO. Other countries also have laws regulating precisely what is and what isn't "mayonnaise", but it's my understanding that we let laws (rather than our dictionary) tell people what additives disqualify a product from being labelled as "mayonnaise" in their jurisdiction. Or will we have to mark this and add a new sense when the US decides semisolids which are only 64% vegetable oil can be labelled "mayonnaise"? - -sche (discuss) 05:22, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Just like right to keep and bear arms, isn't it: specific legal instance of something general. I don't approve of this kind of entry. Equinox ◑ 10:19, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I would call this encyclopedic, but even encyclopedias don't bother with this stuff. It's a lot like the enemy combatant debate: different governments may have different legal standards of what a given word refers to, but that doesn't usually change the word itself. Given that other governments have other English-language standards, do we also reproduce New Zealand, Australian, UK (EU?), Canadian, etc., standards? Chuck Entz (talk) 12:11, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * There is nothing that would prevent others from being included, except lack of contributor interest. I'll bet there is an EU standard, for example. The arguments, you may recall, are three:
 * The Pawleyesque one that this constitutes a legal term in the US.
 * That there may be differences in what is called mayonnaise in different places.
 * The fact that what is called "mayonnaise" on its label may differ in surprising ways from one's understanding (if one has such an understanding).
 * I find this reminiscent of the distinction between the popular understanding of iron and the more technical definitions that we let get from physicists (not even metallurgists). What difference does its atomic number make for its everyday use and to its translation for everyday use? DCDuring TALK 12:43, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

I feel like there's a little bit of dissonance going on, when we have lengthy community discussions like this one which seem to favor inclusion of something, and then later nominations for deletion of the thing discussed. I admit, I haven't been as active in Wiktionary these past few years, but more than once I have seen an RfD discussion on a topic like this, and if I'm lucky I can find the previous community discussion endorsing the entry (or type of entry) under review. This lack of an institutional memory threatens to result in a patchwork if inclusion and exclusion with no apparent rhyme or reason. For the record, the complete list of entries for which U.S. standard-of-identity definitions are included can be found here. We should not resolve them piecemeal. We should have a single policy, and if it is going to be a change from what appears to have gained a consensus in the aforementioned Beer Parlour discussion, then we should have it again at that level. I for one would be fine with creating an appendix to cover all standard-of-identity definitions, or with keeping them in entry space, although I would object to not having them anywhere at all, since they are, by law, the definitions of the things described so far as the federal government is concerned. Cheers! bd2412 T 23:11, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The problem I have with this whole class of definitions is the intrusion of primary sources into a dictionary, which is a secondary source, at best. Just about any term that has any technical or legal significance has been rigorously defined someplace.
 * When we give a definition of Portland cement, do we really care about things like proportions of the raw materials and requirements for permeability and various measurements of structural characteristics?
 * In the case of an organism, we may give the taxonomic name, but we don't reproduce the original species description giving the technical characteristics that separate it from other organisms. The genus of Linnaean taxonomy is that a taxonomic name provides a reference to the original description (and preferably one or more type specimens) that a taxonomist can use to check against- without requiring that it be recapitulated in other works. For that matter, it's now possible to give the complete genome sequence for organisms- the complete definition of what makes an organism what it is. If we had permission, would we want to include the entire genome of a species under the entry for it?
 * Besides, as mentioned above, standards of identity are part of the legal codes of the United States, and are subject to amendment at any time. By posting an authoritative-looking statement of the legal requirements for a product, are we giving the illusion of being a repository of legal information? Do you want to commit to monitoring the CFR and keeping the language of our "standards of identity" current with the real ones kept by the US government?
 * It can be real cool giving ordinary people access to the authentic and authoritative sources for something, but there's such a thing as Too Much Information, especially when there's work involved to keep it accurate. Chuck Entz (talk) 00:26, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm not trying to impose anything one way or the other. I am merely pointing out that this issue was already discussed by the community, to the point of reaching a conclusion. If we are going to have a definitive statement on the inclusion of these kinds of definitions, it should apply equally to all of those currently having entries. By the way, standards of identity are not legislated; Congress has delegated the role of enacting them to the FDA. Of course, Congress could step in and alter a definition, but I don't know that this has ever happened, or as a practical matter that it would. The FDA can change its definitions, but I think it is more likely to merely designate a new product (i.e., one that falls outside of existing standards) as a new food with its own definition. bd2412 T 02:01, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
 * And I'm not trying to impose mine. The subject came up, so I thought I would explain why I don't think we should do these- I didn't feel like I really made my point when it came up before. I would prefer to minimize the blight these represent by discouraging them rather than trying to refight old battles, but I wanted to weigh in anyway. Not that I would mind it if they all went away... Chuck Entz (talk) 02:48, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
 * BD2412, dunno what you mean by dissonance but of course Wiktionary is made up of people with a wide range of opinions. There's really nothing surprising when a group of contributors want to keep an entry, but another group want to delete it. And not every contributor contributes to every debate; see which looks like failing RFD having passed it only a few months ago. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:28, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The dissonance (sense 3) is not between groups with different views of what should be in the dictionary, but between past consensus and present discussions. I grant, since old Beer Parlour discussions are eventually buried, there is no reason for editors who hadn't seen them at the time to know that they exist, but isn't that itself a problem? What's the point of having all of those discussions and working out conclusions to them if those conclusions are neither remembered nor easily found when a relevant question (like the inclusion of the definition at issue here) comes up? Mind you, I'm not arguing that the Beer Parlour discussion should be deemed binding on the current discussion, but I think we should be wary of reinventing the wheel, and aim for a result that is consistent across multiple entries raising the same potential issue. bd2412 T 23:00, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Keep per my views expressed in past discussion of such terms. —msh210℠ (talk) 07:09, 3 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Delete, or move to some kind of US government standards appendix. Ƿidsiþ 06:36, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Nominator's comment: I agree with bd2412 that the various standard-of-identity entries should be treated (nearly) uniformly, with any exceptions to the general treatment being made consciously as exceptions rather than being the result of isolated RFD discussions having different results. I had intended this RFD to "test the water" for all Standards of Identity; I was unaware of the previous discussion (which I agree is a problem). Should this discussion be moved to the BP?
 * To increase our institutional memory, we could set up a central page like WT:IDIOM (probably subsuming WT:IDIOM), to include decisions on classes of entries. The decisions could be revisited, just as entries can be re-RFDed, but the page would record past consensus on any classes of entries, whether that consensus was to keep or to delete. - -sche (discuss) 11:39, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Consensus can change, also move to RFV where I assume it will fail. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:20, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
 * With respect to Widsith: I had proposed an appendix in the original Beer Parlour discussion, and remain amenable to that solution. I think appendices are excellent spaces for materials like these.
 * With respect to -sche: I agree completely with everything you've said.
 * With respect to Mglovesfun: Of course consensus can change, no one is disputing that. However, consensus reached in a general policy discussion should prevail in a single-entry RfD. It is neither necessary nor wise to press for a project-wide change in policy through so narrow a channel. If such a change is going to be made, let's do it the right way. The dictionary won't collapse if these entries stand as they are for the time it takes to do things in a clear, transparent, and holistic manner. As for the RfV issue, a reference to someone making mayonnaise in their kitchen, or using mayonnaise from some unspecified source, might not meet the legal definition, but any reference to a product being bought or sold in a supermarket or put on a hamburger in a fast food restaurant in the United States, is mayonnaise under the legal definition; if it doesn't meet that definition, then it is not mayonnaise, and the seller can't call it that on the label any more than he could call tomato paste or minced pickles "mayonnaise." bd2412 T 23:13, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I'll say first off that I don't have time to fully devote myself to this discussion, and am only dropping in a few thoughts. First: we're dealing with a messy philosophical issue of what we mean by "definition". Do we want a description adequate to recognize the concept, a diagnosis that serves to distinguish a thing from all similar things, or an full identification of the thing's properties?  Second: Chuck's comments pertaining to taxonomic entities are an entirely different kettle of fish to what is being discussed here.  Taxonomic entities are historical entities and thus are proper nouns.  Even the published diagnosis or description that comes with them is usually not the definition, but simply a means of recognizing them.  Modern taxonomy uses a phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary history and proximity, and inclusion or exclusion of an entity within a taxon is then based upon the topology on the diagram that results from analysis.  It is not based on descriptive characters; these are merely used as a quick surrogate means because full analysis is a long and costly process.  In any event mayonnaise is a descriptor for a class of objects with no historical relation to each other; they are grouped by sharing certain properties.  Taxonomic names are descriptors of unique historical entities that share an evolutionary history, and may have few shared characteristics.  These are not the same kinds of words, and so can't be compared for purposes of this discussion. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:36, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
 * BD2412 are you just trying to contradict yourself as much as possible? Or are you saying consensus can change, but it shouldn't be allowed to? There should be a ban on consensus changing? Mglovesfun (talk) 23:39, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
 * My point is that if consensus developed in a Beer Parlour discussion is going to change, it should be through a Beer Parlour discussion, and one that acknowledges that we are in fact engaging in a change in policy. If we are going to make policy, let's make policy the way it is supposed to be made. I would remind you that over the course of my half-million edits of Wiki experience, I have seen through hundreds of policy adjustments, and I have seen the methods that lead to fractured and incongruous results, and the methods that lead to smooth and successful results. Please consider following the latter course of action in this case. bd2412 T 02:38, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
 * BD's would also be my understanding of our ideal practice. Of course, it is much easier to live up to our ideals when they happen to lead to a particular outcome one desires. I never like losing a battle and sometimes find myself refighting the battle lost at BP in a skirmish at RfD. But it is against the best interests of a wiki to let that happen. DCDuring TALK 03:46, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Keep per previous BP discussion or move to BP for a new one. (Per .) —Ruakh TALK 03:56, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
 * There's also "low-fat mayonnaise", which may quite legally contain as little as 10 % vegetable oil. Thus, taken out of context, and without further explanations the abbreviated excerpt of USFDA regulation that we currently have is even misleading. I'd suggest we solve this issue by deleting the Standard of Identity-based definition and writing a usage note, such as: "Different jurisdictions may have varying standards to what may be called mayonnaise when sold to the consumers". If desired, U.S. Standard of Identity and other issuers of regulation may be mentioned to guide the user to the sources of up-to-date legal definitions. --Hekaheka (talk) 16:48, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Discussion continues at WT:BP. - -sche (discuss) 19:34, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

 * D We clearly don’t want to be listing this year’s definition of mayonnaise for every trade association, country, and province that has one. The legal definition doesn’t significantly differ from the general one. —Michael Z. 2013-03-30 17:58 z

 * Although the consensus here is to delete this entry, this RFD is on hold pending the adoption or rejection of a general policy on all standards of identity; please see  Wiktionary:Beer parlour/2013/March. - -sche (discuss) 21:40, 30 March 2013 (UTC)

 * As per the vote linked in the above BP discussion, I am closing this; in the end, the outcome will depend on the vote anyway, so deciding this RFD either way is premature. -- Liliana • 14:33, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Also a racist term
Seen this used on Tumblr etc. as an attack on white people (because mayonnaise is white). Equinox ◑ 22:22, 23 July 2016 (UTC)

RFC discussion: November 2014–April 2017
Both of these globally-blocked accounts belonged to the same person, who lives in Quebec and has a pattern of bad edits and incessant asking of questions regarding pronunciation. Since then, he's popped up as one IP or another to ask pronunciation questions. I haven't blocked him so far, because he seemed to be just asking questions. I finally blocked his latest IP after he edited a pronunciation module, and checking contributions has turned up a number of pronunciation edits. Here's a list of the IP's I've been able to find using wildcarding from edits I knew about (there are probably more that I've missed): There are also lots of edits by the original Fête and Phung Wilson accounts that don't seem to have been thoroughly vetted- it's hard to find Quebecois French pronunciation sections that haven't been at least tinkered with. I noticed an odd, rambling pronunciation note at mayonnaise, and, sure enough, it was added by Fête. If it weren't for the IP's request for audio bringing it to Mr. Granger's attention, it would still be there in its original form.
 * 64.18.87.72
 * 138.229.16.216
 * 138.229.16.219
 * 162.247.124.85
 * 162.247.124.135
 * 199.59.78.19
 * 199.59.78.41
 * 199.59.78.223

I would appreciate someone who knows pronunciation going through the mainspace contributions of the above and checking for bad edits. Thanks! Chuck Entz (talk) 04:01, 9 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Stale, I believe. — SMUconlaw (talk) 20:23, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:mayonnaise


text:
Talk:Down syndrome

The term is "Down's syndrome". Moving to there. Paul G 11:05, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Just done a check - "Down syndrome" exists too. Content not moved. Paul G 11:05, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I think it would be better to indicate that this, as common as it is, is still considered to be incorrect, in deference to Down's syndrome. --Connel MacKenzie 15:21, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

I checked Wikipedia and found that both are used. I've updated both terms here.--Williamsayers79 17:46, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * To clarify, I thought that only the AMA uses the new spelling (without the possessive indication.) In GenAm use, it was often corrected to Down's syndrome, but I don't know how strongly that holds now with the new proscription from the AMA.  Searching news.google.com is very inconclusive (e.g. NYT articles appear as "DOWN#&5..." and show up as results for the wrong search) so I'm not sure what we can say about 2007-to-future use.  Even with the technical limitations, it looked like an even split between "Down's syndrome" and "Down syndrome."  But labeling the normal spelling as UK-only seems inaccurate.  --Connel MacKenzie 07:44, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Down syndrome


text:
Talk:ebony

Gender and missing sense
Fr sense 1 requires gender

Note: there is a wellknown use of the word that is hardly politically correct. I hesitate to include it. Brya 21:37, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * ✅ French now has gender; black skin sense was added. Equinox ◑ 16:07, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

Porn sense
Seems to be quite widely used in porn (and yep, we have a gloss for this: ) to denote black skin. Equinox ◑ 17:45, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Now added. Equinox ◑ 01:00, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

Hello, in french
« bois d'ébène» has no special porno meaning that I know of (BTW, could you please be more explicit about any anglo-saxon reserve ? since we are here to increase our knowledge...), but may be nowadays used in two cases : 1/ slave trading - & 2/ having a sexual preference for black partners.

1/ As in the phrase (and lo ! be wary about the accents !): «'' Les marchands de bois d'ébène ne vendaient pas de planches provenant d'un ébénier, mais bien des esclaves » (« The slave traders did not sell planks made out of an ebony tree, but slaves »)...

2/ As in the phrase « Il (ou elle) fait dans le bois d'ébène » which does not mean « He(or she) makes a living trading ebony wood » but « He (or she) has a black lover ».

And about porn films, we'd rather say, without mentioning « ébène » : « ''Je viens de revoir un bon film des années 70 avec Pam Grier. Bon dieu, quelle belle nègresse c'était ! » ("I just saw again a good old '70 movie with Pam Grier, god what a lush black woman she was ! ''"» (since in usual french « nègre » and « négresse » & take care again of the accents é & è ! is highly deprecative, while « belle négresse » is highly eulogistic...).

And BTW, what is « tendu » doing in the § « See also » ? It seems a technical word used in choregraphy ...Or is « ebony » in english slang the equivalent of « turgid » ?

T.y. Arapaima 08:59, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

Catalan translation
Catalan translations are wrong. They should be: Both in tree and wood. And it should not be in the translations when adjective.
 * Catalan: eben, banús

Poetically or euphemistically black skinned?
Isn't ebony used poetically or euphemistically to say 'black'? 92.7.205.102 16:12, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

 * ✅ Already got adjective sense for black skin. Equinox ◑ 16:07, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

The wood: change in meaning over time?
e.g. Wikipedia says "African blackwood is no longer regarded as ebony, a name now reserved for a limited number of timbers yielded by the genus Diospyros; these are more of a matte appearance and are more brittle." Equinox ◑ 14:00, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:ebony


text:
Talk:third

The ordinal numbers from "third" upwards can also be nouns (the names of the fractions 1/3, etc). These need to be added.

I suggest also standardising the short forms (some are shown with superscript suffices (eg, 3rd) others not (eg, 11th).

Verb form?
If we can "half" or "quarter" something, why can't we "third" it? (OK, the former is an obsolete form and is more usually rendered as "halve", but it still exists, and makes the pattern more elegant!) Just wondering… HTH HAND —Phil | Talk 10:04, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

 * According to Chambers, you can (= "divide by three", so perhaps not the same as dividing into three). Equinox ◑ 10:06, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Classification
It is classed as "Ordinal Number", shouldn't it be "Adjective", just like the other ordinals? See second, first for instance.Panglossa 21:40, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

Adverb
Adv. : in the third place; thirdly. https://www.wordreference.com/definition/thirdly --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:49, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

The third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system
What series is the definition referring to? JMGN (talk) 10:06, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:third


text:
Talk:energy

Encyclopaedic info cut from definition: " Matter technically would not exist without energy because it is composed of energy as was shown in the equation E = m C²." Paul G 11:58, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Equation is wrong - 'C' should be lower case; no space needed between m and c. Paul G 11:58, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Kinetic energy

The standard textbook definition of energy is the "ability to do work." Unfortunately, this definition does not really give a good picture of what energy is all about. We normally think of an object having energy as one that is moving. The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy and is abbreviated as KE.

The properties of kinetic energy are that the greater the mass of a moving object, the greater its energy will be. Also, the faster it goes, the greater its energy. That energy is proportional to the square of the velocity.

The equation for calculating the kinetic energy of an object is

KE = ½ mv²

where:

* m is the mass of the object * v is its speed of velocity and v² is the velocity squared or v times v   * ½ mv² is one-half times m times v²

Note that the velocity of the object must be much less than the speed of light. When the speed of an object—such as an atomic particle—approaches the speed of light (c), its kinetic energy approaches E = mc², according to the Theory of Relativity. Potential Energy

There are situations when an object has the potential to start moving and gain kinetic energy. Often there are forces acting on the object, but the forces aren't yet sufficient to move the object. Potential due to gravity

If you hold an object a distance from the floor, it has the potential to start moving, once you let it go. The force of gravity is pulling on the object, giving it potential energy. The equation is

PE = mgh

where:

* PE is the potential energy * m is its mass * g is the acceleration of gravity (32 ft/s² or 9.8 m/s²) * mg is the weight of the object (m times g)   * h is the height of the object from the floor or ground

PE becomes KE

If you drop the object, its potential energy will become the kinetic energy of motion (PE = KE).

Since PE = mgh and KE = ½ mv², then:

mgh = ½ mv²

You can determine the speed it will be traveling after falling a height h by solving the equation for v:

v² = 2gh

Take the square root of both sides of the equation:

v = SQRT(2gh) or v = √(2gh)

Note that the mass m cancels out of the equation, meaning that all objects fall at the same rate.

Thus, if h = 1 ft, and since g = 32 ft/s², then v² = 2*32*1 = 64 and v = √64 = 8 ft/s. Other types of PE

Other examples of potential energy that could cause motion include explosive chemical compounds and a coiled spring, ready to be released. A stretched rubber band, also has potential energy.

With chemical explosives, it is difficult to calculate the potential energy without experimenting to see how much kinetic energy is released in an explosion.

With a compressed spring, there are calculations that can determine its strength and potential energy.

Recent slang sense, like a mood or vibe?
e.g. someone quoting in a BBC article saying "Trans activists have that same energy" meaning that they come across the same way. Equinox ◑ 21:40, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:energy