text:
兜

Han character
.

Glyph origin

 * a helmet.

Etymology 1
suggests a connection to. See there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) helmet; hood
 * 2) helmet-shaped
 * 3) armor
 * 4) to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap
 * 5) bag; pouch; plastic bag
 * 6) pocket
 * 7) to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly
 * 8) to reach
 * 9) to move around; to move in a circle
 * 10) to canvass; to solicit
 * 11) to take responsibility for
 * 12) to relate in detail
 * 13) to peddle; to hawk
 * 14)  home
 * 15)  nearby
 * 16)  place; side; location
 * 17)  flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl
 * 18)  to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
 * 19)  to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate
 * 20)  indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
 * 21)  to explain one's way out of a bad situation
 * 22)  to scoop with a flat or shallow container
 * 23)  to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
 * 1)  to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
 * 2)  to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate
 * 3)  indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
 * 4)  to explain one's way out of a bad situation
 * 5)  to scoop with a flat or shallow container
 * 6)  to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
 * 1)  to scoop with a flat or shallow container
 * 2)  to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
 * 1)  to scoop with a flat or shallow container
 * 2)  to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick

Definitions

 * 1)  some; a few; a little; a bit

Etymology

From. Found in the  of 720 with the reading kaputo.

Derivation currently.

 * A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from . However, that reading derives from older form kagafuru and does not appear until 850, some time after the first appearance of kabuto.

 * An alternative analysis might suggest a compound of . However, the “head” sense with the kabu reading does not appear until near the end of the.

 * Word-medial bilabial plosives usually underwent lenition, shifting along the lines of →  →, then vanishing altogether except where the following vowel was . This lenition often did not happen at morpheme boundaries in compound words. The persistence of the  in kabuto might thus suggest that this term was originally a compound of ka + puto. The ka element is uncertain, possibly the  intensifying prefix added to adjectives; 🇨🇬 puto would be the stem and root of modern , possibly in reference to the protective strength provided by a helmet. This puto would then have undergone  to become buto.
 * Compare the phonology of adjective, composed of this ka- prefix and adjective and demonstrating a similar retention of the bilabial plosive and.

Noun

 * 1) helmet

Hanja

 * 1) (투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)

Synonyms

 * (주, ju)

title: 兜


text:
兝

Han character

 * 1) decigram (dg)

Definitions

 * 1)  decigram (dg)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 兝


text:
兞

Definitions

 * 1)  milligram (mg)

title: 兞


text:
兟

Han character

 * 1) to advance

title: 兟


text: 兠

title: 兠


text:
兡

Han character

 * 1) hectogramme
 * 2) mercury (chemical element)

Definitions

 * 1)  hectogramme

title: 兡


text:
兢

Etymology
Possibly the vocalic variant of. Cognate with.

Definitions

 * 1)  fearful; cautious

title: 兢


text:
兣

Definitions

 * 1)  millimetre
 * 2)  centigram

title: 兣


text: 兤

title: 兤


text:
兦

Derived characters

 * 㤀

Kanji

 * 1) destruction

title: 兦


text:
內

Glyph origin
– entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.

Etymology
Related to ; see there for more.

Definitions

 * 1) inside; interior; internal; inner
 * 2)  room; inner room
 * 3)  court; imperial palace
 * 4) woman; wife
 * 5) heart; mind; self
 * 6)  internal organs
 * 7)  within Buddhism
 * 8) 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
 * 9)  family
 * 10)  home
 * 1) heart; mind; self
 * 2)  internal organs
 * 3)  within Buddhism
 * 4) 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
 * 5)  family
 * 6)  home
 * 1)  within Buddhism
 * 2) 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
 * 3)  family
 * 4)  home
 * 1)  family
 * 2)  home

Definitions

 * 1)  to enter

Usage notes
This character is usually not used in Japanese and lacks JIS support. The variant (U+5185) is used instead.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) in; inside; within
 * 2) inside one's heart; internal; psychological
 * 3) imperial palace; royal court
 * 4) wife (and concubine)
 * 5) woman; a woman's beauty
 * 6) bedroom; room
 * 7) internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts
 * 1) internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts

Compounds

 * 內閣 (nội các)
 * 河內 (Hà Nội)

title: 內


text:
全

Alternative forms

 * Note that in Japan, Mainland China and Vietnam, the top of the character is 人, while in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea, the top is 入, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

Glyph origin
– a whole piece of jade; pure jade.

Etymology
Cognate with.

Definitions

 * 1)  pure jade
 * 2) complete; whole; entire
 * 3) completely; wholly
 * 4) everything; all
 * 5) perfect; flawless; faultless
 * 6) to preserve; to save; to keep whole or intact
 * 7) to maintain; to keep

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) whole; entire; all

Compounds

 * : all members, all employees
 * : a whole tone
 * : altogether; everything
 * : completely (not)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) entire, complete, overall

Prefix

 * 1) all, pan-, omni-

title: 全


text:
兩

Glyph origin
According to  an. observes that, in historical forms, the character is two joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also ).

Etymology
zh. proposes two possible etymologies:
 * Borrowing from ; compare 🇨🇬 > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬 > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Derivative: (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”).

Definitions

 * 1) two
 * 2) two
 * 3) some; few
 * 4) different; distinct
 * 1) two
 * 2) some; few
 * 3) different; distinct
 * 1) different; distinct

Usage notes

 * In many lects, including Standard Mandarin, is used when counting things with a measure word,  is used in numbers.
 * Examples with
 * Examples with
 * But not *二個人
 * Rules may vary from variety to variety.
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 * Examples with
 * But not *二個人
 * Rules may vary from variety to variety.
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 * But not *二個人
 * Rules may vary from variety to variety.
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! Use case !! Mandarin !! Cantonese !! Shanghainese
 * 兩 || + || + || +
 * 兩 || + || - || +
 * 兩 || - || - || +
 * }
 * 兩 || - || - || +
 * }
 * }

Definitions

 * 1) tael a traditional unit of weight
 * 2)  equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.7994 grams
 * 3)  metal currency unit used in China and Japan
 * 1)  metal currency unit used in China and Japan
 * 1)  metal currency unit used in China and Japan

Usage notes

 * In older literature, using for "tael" and  for "two" can be seen.
 * The variant form 𭃂 is commonly found in shop signs displaying prices.

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) both

title: 兩


text:
兪

Glyph origin
Uncertain, various explanations exist.

title: 兪


text:
公

Glyph origin

The traditional interpretation as given by  is that 公 is a compound of (= ) and  (original form of ), i.e. the opposite of “private” — “public”. This theory is supported by Sun Yirang and Qiang Kaiyun, despite the somewhat different shape of the bottom component from 厶.

This is disputed in modern times by Gao Hongjin, who thinks that the 八 on top stands for and the bottom round component  symbolises a generic object. 公 thus represents “equally dividing resources so that they are communal”.

Another theory put forth by Zhu Fangpu is that 公 is a, being the original form of , and later borrowed for the meanings of “public” and “male of older generation or higher rank”.

Etymology

 * "fair; impartial; public"
 * From ; cognate with 🇨🇬,, considering that "middle" may be semantically associated with "balance".

 * "male of older generation or higher rank; duke; male (of animals)"
 * This word has been connected to .  also includes  in this word family.
 * provisionally sets up 🇨🇬, also comparing it to ; compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, as in , . Alternatively, STEDT also compares it with 🇨🇬, whence , but considers it less probable.
 * suggests a origin; compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 (whence ). Compare also 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬, which may also be from 🇨🇬. 🇨🇬 ~  may be borrowed from Chinese.

Definitions

 * 1) public; communal
 * 2) fair; equitable
 * 3) to make public; to announce
 * 4) international; universal
 * 5) duke
 * 6)  male
 * 7)  male
 * 8)  old man or a man of high status
 * 9) grandfather
 * 10) father-in-law
 * 11)  heads
 * 1) duke
 * 2)  male
 * 3)  male
 * 4)  old man or a man of high status
 * 5) grandfather
 * 6) father-in-law
 * 7)  heads
 * 1)  old man or a man of high status
 * 2) grandfather
 * 3) father-in-law
 * 4)  heads
 * 1) grandfather
 * 2) father-in-law
 * 3)  heads
 * 1)  heads

Descendants
Others:

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a European sovereign prince
 * 2)  a duke; in China and Vietnam, an alternative to, used by certain dynasties for princes
 * 1)  a duke; in China and Vietnam, an alternative to, used by certain dynasties for princes
 * 1)  a duke; in China and Vietnam, an alternative to, used by certain dynasties for princes

Etymology
From.

title: 公


text:
兮

Glyph origin
Originally the same character as. The oracle bone form consists of and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).

Definitions

 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)
 * 1)   (possessive particle)

title: 兮


text:
兯

Glyph origin
Combination of kwukyel script and radical  or simplified form of  which indicates final consonant -n.

Hanja

 * 1) Kwukyel form of

title: 兯


text:
兰

Derived characters

 * , 㳕, 烂, 拦

Glyph origin
From the of. Originally intended as the simplified form of but instead became designated as the simplified form of, which shares the same pronunciation as  in Standard Mandarin.

title: 兰


text:
共

Glyph origin
– holding up an object with two hands. Eventually (not ) came to be written  (not ), which later fused with  to form the modern 共.

Possibly the original form of.

Etymology 1
Possibly related to, with the stativizing prefix *N-. also relates this word to and suggests the possibility of also relating it to  and.

The kā reading in is from the weakening of kāng.

Definitions

 * 1) common
 * 2) together
 * 3) to share
 * 4) altogether
 * 5)  the Communist Party of China
 * 6)  and
 * 7)  with; to
 * 8)  for
 * 9)  same
 * 1)  the Communist Party of China
 * 2)  and
 * 3)  with; to
 * 4)  for
 * 5)  same
 * 1)  with; to
 * 2)  for
 * 3)  same
 * 1)  with; to
 * 2)  for
 * 3)  same
 * 1)  with; to
 * 2)  for
 * 3)  same
 * 1)  for
 * 2)  same
 * 1)  for
 * 2)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same
 * 1)  same

Synonyms

Note

 * For the prepositional usage in Hokkien, if it's succeed by 3rd singular personal pronoun 伊, the pronoun can be omitted. eg.:

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) together
 * 2) both
 * 3) all
 * 4) with
 * 5) co-

Noun

 * 1) both, all

Prefix

 * 1) co-

Suffix

 * 1) altogether
 * 2) ...included

Suffix

 * 1) indicates plural:
 * 2) when attached to a human noun
 * 3)  when attached to any noun

Usage notes
Affixing 共 to oneself indicates humbleness. Affixing 共 to other people is disrespectful compared to 達 (たち, -tachi).

title: 共


text: 兲

title: 兲


text:
关

Glyph origin 1
.

Kanji

 * 1) frontier pass
 * 2) close
 * 3) relation

title: 关


text:
兴

Derived characters

 * (Contains simplified component of )

Related characters

 * ( of 兴)

Usage notes
This character is a ryakuji.

title: 兴


text:
兵

Glyph origin
– a pair of hands holding a weapon.

Definitions

 * 1) weapon
 * 2) army; troops
 * 3) soldier; warrior
 * 4) warfare
 * 5)  pawn; private; soldier (on the red side)
 * 6)  pawn
 * 7)  police
 * 1) warfare
 * 2)  pawn; private; soldier (on the red side)
 * 3)  pawn
 * 4)  police
 * 1)  police
 * 1)  police

Etymology 2
From. The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) a soldier
 * 2) a war machine; a weapon
 * 3) a battle, a war
 * 4) in the old Japanese military structure, the lowest set of ranks for a soldier: a private, corporal, lance corporal

Etymology 3
From. The goon, so an earlier borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) soldier
 * 2) another name for  in shogi

title: 兵


text:
其

Derived characters

 * 倛 掑 唭 帺 猉 淇 娸 㙋 𡸷 㥍 騏 (骐) 琪 棋 𤊄 𦝁 祺 稘 䃆 褀 蜞 粸 綨 𦓿 䑴 踑 諆 𧯯 𨡨 錤 (𫓹) 鯕 (鲯) 鶀 麒 䶞
 * 剘 𨛺 斯 期 欺 㪸 䫏 𤻓 䳢 𤿺 萁 箕 㐞 基 棊 朞 惎 㫷 碁 蜝 綦 諅 㠱 魌 旗 𣗍 簸 𫯔 𨿣

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Glyph origin
In the oracle bone script, it was originally, a of a basket.

In the bronze inscriptions, was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component.

Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative refers to the original word.

Etymology

 * third-person possessive pronoun
 * notes its origin is not certain because in the linguistic area pronouns tend to be of the shape KV (K=velar stop; V=vowel). Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, but a Tibeto-Burman /a/ should be expected in this set. Alternatively, 🇨🇬 whose earliest form is perhaps *kɨ appears to be phonologically closest to the OC word.  may be related to.

 * modal particle "should; probably"
 * Probably cognate with,.

Definitions

 * 1) his; her; its; their
 * 2) he; she; it; they; one
 * 3) that; those
 * 4)  among which; therein
 * 5)  probably; perhaps
 * 6)  ; let, shall, will
 * 7)  if
 * 8)  ; or
 * 1)  among which; therein
 * 2)  probably; perhaps
 * 3)  ; let, shall, will
 * 4)  if
 * 5)  ; or
 * 1)  ; let, shall, will
 * 2)  if
 * 3)  ; or
 * 1)  ; let, shall, will
 * 2)  if
 * 3)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  if
 * 2)  ; or
 * 1)  ; or
 * 1)  ; or

Pronoun

 * 1)  that
 * 2) you
 * 3) oneself

Etymology
From.

title: 其


text:
具

Alternative forms
Form differs between China and Japan – in China the top component is connected with the long horizontal line, while in Japan they are separate.

The same difference occurs in the characters 真 and 直, which are unrelated etymologically but graphically similar in their current forms.

Descendants

 * 𛀰, 𰋙

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) tool; implement
 * 2) to possess; to have
 * 3)  to provide; to furnish
 * 4)  ability; talent
 * 5)  to state; to report; to list
 * 6)  feast
 * 7)  in full detail
 * 1)  to provide; to furnish
 * 2)  ability; talent
 * 3)  to state; to report; to list
 * 4)  feast
 * 5)  in full detail
 * 1)  feast
 * 2)  in full detail
 * 1)  in full detail

Counter

 * 1) sets (armor, furniture)

Noun

 * 1) tool
 * 2) means
 * 3)  secondary ingredient, such as spices, seasonings, and sauces
 * 4) base

Suffix

 * 1) tool, ingredient

title: 具


text:
典

Glyph origin
– (official) books on a table.

Current form resembles the unrelated.

Etymology
From Proto-Sinitic *dʰiəm.

Definitions

 * 1) law; canon
 * 2) documentation
 * 3) classic; scripture

Noun

 * 1) ceremony
 * 2) rule
 * 1) rule

title: 典


text:
兹

Derived characters

 * (Contains only 兹 )
 * 嗞, 嵫, 稵 (Exception: Only for Chinese character forms. Japanese and Korean forms contain instead)
 * 㽧, 𤮀, 𪑿, 𤂇, 𪇔 (Exception: Only for  character form.  character form contains  instead)
 * 螆 (Exception: Only for character form.  and  character forms contain  while  character form contains  instead)
 * 鰦 (Exception: Only for character form.,  and  character forms contain  instead)
 * 鷀 (Exception: Only for and  character forms.,  and Korean character forms contain  instead)
 * 䈘 (Exception: Only for and  character forms. Korean character form contains  instead)
 * 鶿 (Exception: Only for Chinese and Japanese character forms. Korean character form contains instead)
 * 甆 (Exception: Only for Chinese and Korean character forms. character form contains  instead)
 * 𦔒 (Exception: Only for character form.  character form contains  instead)

Related characters

 * (Preferred form used in Taiwan) - See also its derived characters.
 * ( of  兹 ) - See also its derived characters.

Glyph origin
Unorthodox variant with  as the top component instead of  found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《俗書刊誤》.

The earliest known form of this character can be traced back to the 《》 tablet written in.

This character became the orthodox form in mainland China based on the 1965 Table of General Used Chinese Characters for Publishing 《》 where  is promulgated for the first time.

Usage notes

 * This character, 兹 which contains (3 strokes) is the orthodox form used in mainland China.
 * The character 茲 which contains 艹 (grass radical, 4 strokes in ) is the orthodox form used in modern Taiwan.

Glyph origin
of with  instead of doubled  as the top component. Found in the Tang dynasty orthographic dictionary 《》, which lists both 兹 and  as unorthodox forms of.

title: 兹


text:
冀

Derived characters

 * 懻 䆊 䙫 驥(骥)

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to look forward to; to hope for; to wish

Etymology
From.

Affix

 * 1) hope for, look forward to, wish

Proper noun

 * : Hebei Province
 * : Hebei Province

Etymology
From.

title: 冀


text: 冁

title: 冁


text:
冃

Derived characters

 * 冒, 𦐇, 塌

title: 冃


text:
冄

Glyph origin
– hairy.

title: 冄


text:
内

Derived characters

 * 㐻 呐 㘨 妠 𢗉 抐 汭 枘 㶧 肭 𤬲 䄲 衲 納(纳) 蚋 訥(讷) 豽 䟜 軜 鈉(钠) 靹 䪏 魶 𥪞
 * 肉 㕯 丙 呙 𡶀 芮 笍 氝 𦛚

Readings
From :

From :

Native readings:

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) the inside, within
 * 2) something between, among
 * 3) something while, during, inside or within a span of time
 * 4)  one’s own, my, our
 * 1) something while, during, inside or within a span of time
 * 2)  one’s own, my, our
 * 1) something while, during, inside or within a span of time
 * 2)  one’s own, my, our
 * 1)  one’s own, my, our
 * 1)  one’s own, my, our

Pronoun

 * 1)  I, me

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) the inside or middle
 * 2)  Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones
 * 1)  Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones
 * 1)  Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones

Affix

 * 1) inside
 * 2) mainland

Etymology 3
From.

Affix

 * 1) inside, interior, inner
 * 2) imperial court

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) people

title: 内


text:
冇

Glyph origin
From the removal of the two inner strokes from.

Attested at least since 1672, in 《星餘筆記》 by 王鉞:

Etymology 1
From. In some varieties, such as Cantonese and Xiang, there seems to be fusion or analogy with.

Definitions

 * 1)  to not have; to not exist
 * 2)  have not; did not (do something) indicating non-completion of a verb
 * 3)  not (negator)
 * 1)  have not; did not (do something) indicating non-completion of a verb
 * 2)  not (negator)
 * 1)  not (negator)
 * 1)  not (negator)

Usage notes

 * Originally from Cantonese, many Mandarin speakers now understand the meaning of this character.

Etymology 2
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  empty; hollow; spongy; not sturdy
 * 2)  unreliable; undependable; casual
 * 3)  extravagant; generous
 * 4)  insufficient; lacking
 * 1)  insufficient; lacking
 * 1)  insufficient; lacking

Etymology 4
From etymology 1, with rising intonation.

title: 冇


text:
冈

Glyph origin 1
– a net.

title: 冈


text:
冉

Derived characters

 * 呥 㘱 姌 抩 𣲹 𤝫 柟 珃 䏥 畘 聃 袡 舑 蚺 㴂 䤡 䎃 𨚗 𤱣 𪓚 䶲 再 苒 爯 𡩋 寗 髯 㾆 㫋

Glyph origin
– uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of ) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of ).

Definitions

 * 1)  edge of a turtle shell
 * 2)  tender; weak
 * 1)  tender; weak

title: 冉


text:
冊

Derived characters

 * 珊, 粣, 跚, 銏, 笧 (For all regions except mainland China and Vietnamese Nom characters which contain instead. Exception: Korean 跚 contains ) - See
 * 珊, 粣, 跚, 銏, 笧 (For all regions except mainland China and Vietnamese Nom characters which contain instead. Exception: Korean 跚 contains ) - See

Related characters

 * (Variant form used in and )

Glyph origin
– strung together.

Definitions

 * 1)  book
 * 2) volume
 * 3) imperial edict
 * 4) to grant in an imperial edict
 * 5)  to organize and stack neatly
 * 1)  to organize and stack neatly
 * 1)  to organize and stack neatly

Counter

 * 1) books

Etymology
From.

title: 冊


text: 冋

title: 冋


text:
册

Derived characters

 * 珊, 粣, 跚, 銏, 笧 (Only for mainland China and Vietnamese Nom characters. Other regions contain instead. Exception: Korean 跚 contains ) - See
 * 珊, 粣, 跚, 銏, 笧 (Only for mainland China and Vietnamese Nom characters. Other regions contain instead. Exception: Korean 跚 contains ) - See

Related characters

 * (Orthodox )

title: 册


text:
再

Etymology
Cognate with, , , ,.

Definitions

 * 1) again; once again; a second time; re-
 * 2) more; -er
 * 3) ; no matter how...still (not)
 * 4) then; only then
 * 5) in addition; on top of that
 * 6)  twice
 * 7)  to appear again
 * 1) more; -er
 * 2) ; no matter how...still (not)
 * 3) then; only then
 * 4) in addition; on top of that
 * 5)  twice
 * 6)  to appear again
 * 1) then; only then
 * 2) in addition; on top of that
 * 3)  twice
 * 4)  to appear again
 * 1) in addition; on top of that
 * 2)  twice
 * 3)  to appear again
 * 1)  to appear again
 * 1)  to appear again
 * 1)  to appear again

Usage notes
In Old Chinese, strictly meant "twice" and not "again". The "second time" sense developed around the Tang dynasty.

is used for something that has not happened, while is used for something that already happened.

Kanji

 * 1) again
 * 2) twice
 * 3) second time

Prefix

 * 1) re-, again, repeated

Etymology
From.

title: 再


text:
冎

Alternative forms

 * The top section of the character turns left (◱) in PRC and Singapore, while it turns right (◲) elsewhere.

Glyph origin
- a skull. The pictographic protoform of 骨.

Kanji

 * 1) hollow
 * 2) scoop out

Hanja

 * 1) tear [peel, strip, split, take] off: pare; rind; shuck; shell; hull; crack; remove; ex) ~ bone a chicken, ~clean[bone] a fish

title: 冎


text:
冏

Kanji

 * 1) light
 * 2) clear
 * 3) bright

title: 冏


text: 冐

title: 冐


text:
冑

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  helmet worn by warriors in ancient times

Kanji

 * 1) helmet

Hanja

 * 1) (투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)

Usage notes

 * 胄 (맏아들 주, mad-adeul ju) eldest son, heir (hence, similar but after all different from this entry, 冑)

Synonyms

 * (두, du)

Compounds

 * 甲冑 (갑주, gapju) armor and helmet

title: 冑


text:
冒

Etymology
From ; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sky; heaven

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Original meaning was “to cover”.

Sino-Tibetan. connects it with, whence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , ,.

Derivative:.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cover
 * 2)  cloth used to dress a corpse; sack for corpses
 * 3)  to wear a hat
 * 4)  to pretend to be
 * 5) to risk; to brave; to face
 * 6)  bold; thoughtless; boldly
 * 7)  to encroach on; to violate
 * 8)  to receive; to suffer from
 * 9) to emit; to give off; to send out
 * 10)  to appear; to emerge
 * 11)  to boil
 * 12)  to vomit or to have diarrhoea
 * 13)  to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice
 * 1)  to encroach on; to violate
 * 2)  to receive; to suffer from
 * 3) to emit; to give off; to send out
 * 4)  to appear; to emerge
 * 5)  to boil
 * 6)  to vomit or to have diarrhoea
 * 7)  to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice
 * 1)  to boil
 * 2)  to vomit or to have diarrhoea
 * 3)  to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice

Etymology 2
“Covetous”. Compare.

Definitions

 * 1)  to be greedy for; covetous
 * 1)  to be greedy for; covetous

Etymology 4
Contracted form of.

Pronunciation

 * Wugniu: 6mau,

Definitions

 * 1) very; quite
 * 2) many
 * 1) many

Etymology 5
Transcription character, preserving the original pronunciation at the time of borrowing.

Kanji

 * 1) risk

Readings
From :

From :

Unknown:

From native roots:

Hanja

title: 冒


text:
冓

Glyph origin
– two fish with their mouths facing each other – original script of.

The erroneous interpretation of "crossly accumulated woods" given in  is a result of the corruption of the form of the character after Western Zhou.

Definitions

 * 1)  crossly accumulated woods
 * 1)  crossly accumulated woods
 * 1)  crossly accumulated woods

Definitions

 * 1)  to roll; to trundle
 * 2)  to nag; to chatter; to prattle; to go on and on; to talk on and on

Kanji

 * 1) To combine, to join up, to join together, to dovetail together.

title: 冓


text:
冔

Han character

 * 1) cap worn during the Shang dynasty

Definitions

 * 1) cap worn during the Shang dynasty

title: 冔


text:
冕

Han character

 * 1) crown
 * 2) ceremonial cap

Definitions

 * 1) ceremonial cap; crown

Noun

 * 1) crown

Etymology
From.

Hanja

 * 1) crown

title: 冕


text:
冗

Glyph origin
— a person at home without work to do.

Definitions

 * 1) superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant
 * 2) complicated and tedious; overloaded with details
 * 3) busy routine

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) superfluous
 * 2) uselessness

title: 冗


text:
冘

Derived characters

 * 沈 枕 耽 鴆

Definitions

 * 1) to move on

title: 冘


text:
写

Glyph origin
From of.

Kanji

 * 1) photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe
 * 2) be photographed
 * 3) describe

Compounds

 * quickly copying something; dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * quickly copying something; dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * quickly copying something; dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * quickly copying something; dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * quickly copying something; dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : photograph
 * : manuscript
 * : manuscript
 * : manuscript
 * : manuscript
 * : manuscript

title: 写


text:
冚

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Traditionally related to.

considers this to be part of an area word family in Southeast Asian languages: *khVm ~ *khVp ~ *kVm ~ *kVp ~ *k(h)l/rm/p. It is probably related to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬). The root is found in many Sinitic dialects including Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Wenzhounese.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cover
 * 2)  to cover up; to conceal; to prevent something from being discovered
 * 3)  cover; lid
 * 4)  to raid (an illegal den)
 * 5)  to slap (someone) in the face
 * 6)  to cover
 * 7)  to overshadow; to dominate over
 * 1)  to slap (someone) in the face
 * 2)  to cover
 * 3)  to overshadow; to dominate over
 * 1)  to overshadow; to dominate over

Definitions

 * 1) all; entire

Definitions

 * 1)  tight; firm

title: 冚


text: 军

title: 军


text:
农

Related characters

 * ( of 农)

title: 农


text:
冝

Han character

 * 1) suitable, right, fitting, proper

Derived characters

 * 曡, 疊(畳, 叠), 𫞵, 𮔎, 𧣬, 𧨏, 𪑎, 𤶢, 𣆹, 𭈸, 𡀉

title: 冝


text:
冞

Han character

 * 1) far

Definitions

 * 1) far

title: 冞


text: 冟

title: 冟


text:
冠

Derived characters

 * 蒄

Glyph origin
– a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms are.

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, , ,.

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped".

Definitions

 * 1) hat; cap
 * 2) hat-shaped thing
 * 1) hat-shaped thing
 * 1) hat-shaped thing
 * 1) hat-shaped thing

Definitions

 * 1)  to put on a hat; to wear a hat
 * 2)  ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
 * 3)  to reach adulthood
 * 4) to rank first; to excel; to surpass
 * 5)  to cover
 * 6) to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
 * 7) champion; winner; victor
 * 1)  to cover
 * 2) to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
 * 3) champion; winner; victor
 * 1) to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
 * 2) champion; winner; victor
 * 1) champion; winner; victor

Kanji

 * 1) crown
 * 2) best, peerless

Etymology 1
→

From.

Noun

 * 1)  head covering; headdress, crown
 * 2)  order, rank

Etymology 2
Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.

Noun

 * 1) headdress, crown
 * 2)  large attendance, full house
 * 3)  order, rank
 * 1)  order, rank

Etymology 3
A shift from kaburi above.

Noun

 * 1) headdress, crown
 * 2) distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
 * 3)  first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

Etymology 4
A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.

Noun

 * 1) headdress, crown
 * 2) order, rank

Etymology 5
The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi. Also encountered is kanburi.

Noun

 * 1) a crown royal headdress
 * 2) a type of traditional cap
 * 3) name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.
 * 4) the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself
 * 1) name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.
 * 2) the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself

Compounds

Etymology 6
Clipping of.

Noun

 * 1) comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

Etymology 7
From.

Noun

 * 1) headpiece, crown

Adjective

 * 1) crown; champion

Etymology
From.

title: 冠


text:
冡

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to cover;

Han character

 * 1) depression

Source: http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=51a1&img=1&uiLang=en

title: 冡


text:
冢

Glyph origin
– wrapped in a burial shroud. Top component now simplified to 冖.

Etymology
From (STEDT). Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  mountain summit
 * 2)  eldest, senior in rank
 * 1)  mountain summit
 * 2)  eldest, senior in rank
 * 1)  eldest, senior in rank
 * 1)  eldest, senior in rank

title: 冢


text: 冣

title: 冣


text:
冤

Derived characters

 * 𣍍 蒬

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to wrong; to treat unjustly
 * 2) not cost-effective
 * 3)  grievance; unjust
 * 4)  enmity; hatred
 * 5)  to pester; to bother; to annoy
 * 6)  to argue; to quarrel
 * 1)  to argue; to quarrel
 * 1)  to argue; to quarrel
 * 1)  to argue; to quarrel

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) false charge
 * 2) hatred

Noun

 * 1) false charge

Etymology
From.

title: 冤


text:
冥

Derived characters

 * 凕 塓 嫇 㟰 幎 慏 㨠 溟 猽 暝 榠 熐 䄙 瞑 䏃 螟 鄍 䒌 覭 䫤 鼆 蓂

Glyph origin
Originally. The 廾 was later corrupted to.

May also be a ().

Etymology
An area word for "night"; Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

STEDT compares it to.

Definitions

 * 1)  dark; dim; gloomy; faint
 * 2)  ignorant; muddled
 * 3) deep; profound
 * 4) the underworld
 * 5)  night
 * 1) the underworld
 * 2)  night
 * 1)  night

Kanji

 * 1) dark
 * 2) underworld; the world of dead people
 * 1) underworld; the world of dead people

title: 冥


text: 冦

title: 冦


text:
冧

Definitions

 * 1)  flower bud
 * 2)  to coax (especially a child or girl)

Etymology 2
Probably a substrate word. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  to topple over; to fall over (of trees, etc.); to collapse
 * 2)  to be intoxicated; to be very drunk; to be wasted
 * 3)  to plummet; to fall; to drop
 * 4)  to be down; to stop working
 * 1)  to plummet; to fall; to drop
 * 2)  to be down; to stop working
 * 1)  to be down; to stop working

Hanja

 * 1) flower bud

title: 冧


text:
冨

Usage notes
Listed as the form of 富 in  (2014). Note that the official list does not list 冨 as the  form of 富.

title: 冨


text: 冩

title: 冩


text:
冪

Glyph origin
Originally written as :.

Later the was corrupted to  and the character became.

was added to form a new.

Definitions

 * 1) to cover with cloth
 * 2) cloth cover
 * 3)  power

Noun

 * 1)  a power

title: 冪


text:
冬

Glyph origin
or.

 * Bronze script and Chu slip script

 * Composed of the early form of 終|終 (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script 終-ancient.svg, + . In bronze script, (日-bronze.svg) was inside 終-ancient.svg. In Chu slip script,  (日-silk.svg) was below 終-ancient.svg (終-silk.svg).

 * Seal script, Qin clerical script and after

 * Composed of 終-ancient.svg (“end”, as well phonetic) +.

Etymology 1
Possibly related to. Sagart (ibid.) also proposes cognacy to 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Proto-🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) winter
 * 2)  winter solstice
 * 3)  year
 * 4)   the second day of a month
 * 1)  year
 * 2)   the second day of a month

Etymology 1
→

From, from.

Noun

 * 1) winter

Etymology 2
From.

Affix

 * 1) winter

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) winter

title: 冬


text: 冭

title: 冭


text: 冮

title: 冮


text: 冯

title: 冯


text:
冰

Glyph origin
. The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is.

Etymology 1
From (provisionally reconstructed). Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, and perhaps 🇨🇬 (STEDT; ; ; ).

Within Chinese, and possibly  are usually considered cognates (STEDT; ; ; ). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the 🇨🇬 cognates above (cf. ).

STEDT also includes and  in the Chinese comparandum of 🇨🇬.

Alternatively, this may be related to 🇨🇬, from, although the meanings are difficult to reconcile.

Definitions

 * 1) ice
 * 2) ice-cold
 * 3) to freeze; to ice
 * 4)  methamphetamine; meth; ice
 * : Bing
 * : Bing
 * : Bing

Synonyms

title: 冰


text:
冱

Definitions

 * 1) freezing
 * 2) stopped up, closed off

title: 冱


text:
冲

Related characters

 * (Orthodox form of 冲 )
 * ( form of  冲 )

Glyph origin
An unorthodox variant that can be found in various historical dictionaries such as the.

Eventually adopted as an official character by the People's Republic of China.

Glyph origin
in the of Chinese characters by the People's Republic of China in 1956. Note that and  are homonyms in modern standard Chinese.

title: 冲


text:
决

Usage notes
The Kangxi Dictionary lists this character as an unorthodox form of.

Kanji

 * 1) variant of

title: 决


text:
冴

Kanji

 * 1) be clear
 * 2) serene
 * 3) cold
 * 4) skillful

title: 冴


text: 况

title: 况


text:
冶

Definitions

 * 1) to smelt (metal)
 * 2)  smelter someone who casts metal
 * 3)  smelting furnace
 * 4)  smelter a place where smelting or casting is done
 * 5)  seductive; bewitching
 * 1)  smelting furnace
 * 2)  smelter a place where smelting or casting is done
 * 3)  seductive; bewitching

Kanji

 * 1) smelting

Compounds

 * : to ; a
 * : to ; a

Etymology
From.

title: 冶


text:
冷

Glyph origin
– cold as ice.

Etymology 1
A vocalic variant of.

Definitions

 * 1) cold; cool
 * 2)  to cool; to cool down; to become cold
 * 3) cold; desolate; quiet
 * 4) cold; indifferent
 * 5) to dishearten
 * 6) idle
 * 7) disdainful; sarcastic
 * 8) neglected; not popular
 * 9) unfamiliar; rare
 * 10) corny; lame
 * 11) sudden; unexpected
 * 1) unfamiliar; rare
 * 2) corny; lame
 * 3) sudden; unexpected
 * 1) sudden; unexpected

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Definitions

 * 1)  woollen yarn

Etymology 3
Borrowed from.

Definitions

 * 1)  guy; person

Kanji

 * 1) cool
 * 2) cold (beer, person)
 * 3) chill

title: 冷


text:
冸

Han character

 * 1) melt

Kanji

 * 1) fall apart

Hanja

 * 1) melt (ice)

title: 冸


text:
冹

Definitions

 * 1) ice cold
 * 2) wind chill
 * 3) cold weather
 * 4) the sound of a cold wind

title: 冹


text: 冺

title: 冺


text: 冻

title: 冻


text: 冼

title: 冼


text:
冽

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) cold; frigid; freezing

title: 冽


text: 冾

title: 冾


text:
冿

Definitions

 * 1) will; determination; aspiration; ambition
 * 2) to advance; to move forward
 * 3) to enter; to go into; to come into
 * 4)  into; in
 * 5) to receive; to admit; to recruit
 * 6) to give, to offer
 * 7) to eat; to drink

title: 冿


text: 净

title: 净


text: 凁

title: 凁


text:
凂

Definitions

 * 1) to request
 * 2) to ask a favour of

title: 凂


text:
凃

Glyph origin
Variant form of.

Usage notes
This surname is different from the surname.

title: 凃


text:
凄

Han character

 * 1) bitter cold, miserable, dreary

Kanji

 * 1) uncanny
 * 2) awful, whacking, enormous, bloody, terrible

Derived terms

 * 凄惨
 * 凄切
 * 凄絶
 * 凄然
 * 凄愴
 * 凄涼

title: 凄


text:
凅

Han character

 * 1) dried up
 * 2) exhausted, tired
 * 3) dry

Definitions

 * 1) dried up
 * 2) exhausted, tired
 * 3) dry

title: 凅


text:
准

Derived characters

 * 凖 㕠 𪳙 𤌞

Definitions

 * 1) to allow; to grant; to permit

title: 准


text:
凇

Han character

 * 1) dewdrop
 * 2) icicle

Definitions

 * 1) icicle

Kanji

 * 1) icicle

title: 凇


text:
凈

Definitions

 * 1)  cold; appearance of cold

title: 凈


text: 凉

title: 凉


text:
凊

Definitions

 * 1)  cool, cold

title: 凊


text:
凋

Definitions

 * 1) to wither; to fall
 * 2) to exhaust; to fade
 * 3)  depressed; in decline

Kanji

 * 1) wither, wilt, fade

title: 凋


text:
凌

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).
 * Insides Sinitic, is cognate with,  "heavy snowfall",  "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also  "to congeal" (STEDT; );
 * Outsides Sinitic, cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, (STEDT; ).

Alternatively, and  may be related to 🇨🇬 from, although the meanings are difficult to reconcile.

Definitions

 * 1) ice
 * 2) to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse
 * 3) to place oneself above; to override; to transgress
 * 4) to ride (wind, etc.)
 * 5) to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
 * 6) to risk; to brave
 * 7) to approach; to draw near; to close in on
 * 8) to tremble
 * 9) disorderly; messy
 * 1) to approach; to draw near; to close in on
 * 2) to tremble
 * 3) disorderly; messy

Definitions

 * 1)  to freeze up; to form ice

Kanji

 * 1) endure
 * 2) keep (rain) out
 * 3) stave off
 * 4) tide over
 * 5) defy
 * 6) slight
 * 7) surpass

Etymology
From.

Han character

 * 1) Surname

title: 凌


text:
凍

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) cold;  chilly
 * 2) to freeze
 * 3) jelly

Kanji

 * 1) frozen

title: 凍


text: 凎

title: 凎


text:
减

Han character

 * 1) decrease, subtract, diminish

title: 减


text:
espanyol

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  (language)

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) Spanish (pertaining to Spain or the Spanish language)

Noun

 * 1) Spaniard

Noun

 * 1) Spanish language

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬: see detailed etymology there.

Adjective

 * 1) Spanish

Noun

 * 1) Spaniard a person from Spain or of Spanish descent
 * 2)  Spanish language

title: espanyol


text:
Jehovist

Alternative forms

 * Yahwist, Yahwehist

Proper noun

 * 1) The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist.

Noun

 * 1) One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; opposed to adonist.
 * 2)  A member of the Jehovah's Witnesses.
 * 3) Anyone who uses the word "Jehovah" as the name of God in worship.

title: Jehovist


text:
Jehovistic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity.

title: Jehovistic


text:
jehu

Etymology
From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings 9:20.

Noun

 * 1)  A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: მძღოლი, მეეტლე

Etymology
Probably from, who became the king of Israel (2 Kings 9).

Noun

 * 1) guy, fella, sport normally with an attribute, man who behaves or reacts in an admirable manner

Verb

 * 1) to happen or occur
 * 2) to take place

Etymology
From, a king of Israel in the 9th century BC.

title: jehu


text:
català

Etymology
. See.

Adjective

 * 1) Catalan pertaining to Catalonia, the Catalan people, or the Catalan language

Noun

 * 1) Catalan a person from Catalonia or an ethnic Catalan

Noun

 * 1) Catalan the language spoken by the Catalans

title: català


text:
jeg

Etymology 1
From, Old East Norse , from , , from ,.

Pronoun

 * 1)  I

Usage notes
Frequently omitted in informal, written contexts, such as text messaging, memoranda and profiles.

Etymology 2
From the pronoun. .

Noun

 * 1) self an individual person as the object of his own reflective consciousness
 * 2)  I, ego
 * 3)  first-person narrator

Pronoun

 * 1)  I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology
From, from (Old East Norse ). Ultimately from.

Pronoun

 * 1) I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) dirt, filth

title: jeg


text:
jeffersonite

Etymology
, after Thomas Jefferson

Noun

 * 1)  A zinc-containing variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown.

title: jeffersonite


text: 凐

title: 凐


text: 凑

title: 凑


text: 凒

title: 凒


text:
凓

Definitions

 * 1) cold

Kanji

 * 1) cold
 * 2) shiver

title: 凓


text:
凔

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Probably from.

Definitions

 * 1)  cold

title: 凔


text: 凕

title: 凕


text: 凖

title: 凖


text: 凗

title: 凗


text:
凘

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  ice floe

title: 凘


text:
凙

Han character

 * 1) icicle

Definitions

 * 1) icicle

title: 凙


text:
凚

Han character

 * 1) cold
 * 2) chilly

Definitions

 * 1) cold
 * 2) chilly

title: 凚


text:
凛

Han character

 * 1) to shiver with cold or fear

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) severe in attitude or bearing

title: 凛


text:
凜

Han character

 * 1) shiver with cold or fear
 * 2) fearful

Definitions

 * 1) freezing cold
 * 2) solemn
 * 3)  fearful
 * 1)  fearful
 * 1)  fearful

title: 凜


text:
凝

Etymology 1
Possibly related to ; if so, also related to  and from  (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT); other comparanda are  "heavy snowfall", and  "sleet, snowflake".

Definitions

 * 1) to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze
 * 2) to focus; to concentrate (attention)
 * 3) to stop; to be still
 * 4) slow; sluggish
 * 5) deep; gorgeous
 * 6)  not moving; staring blankly
 * 7)  cold
 * 8)  ice
 * 1)  ice

Kanji

 * 1) congeal

title: 凝


text:
凞

Alternative forms

 * In mainland China and Japan, the character is composed of and  as the left and right components.
 * In Taiwan and Hong Kong, only the upper left component consists of while the bottom consists entirely of.
 * In Korea, the middle component is missing and  is replaced by.
 * A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at  for the alternative Japanese form which is similar to the Korean form except  is replaced by.

Glyph origin
Found in various historical dictionaries such as 《》, 《篇海類篇》 and 《重訂直音篇》 and 《字彙補》.

Definitions

 * 1)  harmonious

title: 凞


text: 凟

title: 凟


text:
几

Han character

 * 1) Shuōwén Jiězì radical №493
 * 1) Shuōwén Jiězì radical №493

Usage notes
This character is not to be confused with  which is another radical in .

Derived characters

 * Appendix:Chinese radical/几
 * ( from in )
 * See also 𠘧
 * See also 𠘨
 * ( from in )
 * See also 𠘧
 * See also 𠘨

Related characters

 * ( of 几)

Glyph origin
– stool (viewed from the side).

Etymology 1
From. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  stool; chair
 * 2) long narrow table; bench
 * 3) small table
 * 1) small table

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) table, table enclosure
 * 2) table or wind radical

Compounds

 * 床几
 * 几案
 * 几下
 * 几帳
 * 几帳面

Hanja

 * 1) back rest
 * 2) desk

title: 几


text:
凡

Derived characters

 * (originally contain 凡)
 * (originally contain 凡)
 * (originally contain 凡)

Glyph origin
– a plate, a flat dish.

Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character was created to refer to the original word.

Etymology 1
According to, in origin; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Cognate with.

Definitions

 * 1) in general; every, all, any;
 * 2) altogether; in total (of numbers)
 * 3) ordinary; commonplace
 * 4) worldly; mortal; earthly
 * 5)  outline; gist
 * 1) ordinary; commonplace
 * 2) worldly; mortal; earthly
 * 3)  outline; gist
 * 1) worldly; mortal; earthly
 * 2)  outline; gist

Antonyms

 * (extraordinary)

Kanji

 * 1) in general, by and large
 * 2) ordinary, common, mediocre
 * 3) outline, gist

Etymology 1
→ →

From.

Adjective

 * 1) mediocre, ordinary

Noun

 * 1) mediocrity

Etymology 2
→ →  →

From.

Cognate with, and the oho- element in.

Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in.

Adjective

 * 1)  dim, faint
 * , text here
 * 1)  moderate
 * , text here
 * 1)  mediocre, ordinary
 * , text here
 * 1)   large, big; roomy, loose
 * 1)  mediocre, ordinary
 * , text here
 * 1)   large, big; roomy, loose
 * , text here
 * 1)   large, big; roomy, loose
 * 1)   large, big; roomy, loose

Etymology 3
From.

Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the of classical adjective.

Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle.

Adverb

 * 1) about, generally, in general

title: 凡


text: 凢

title: 凢


text: 凣

title: 凣


text:
凤

Glyph origin
.

title: 凤


text: 凥

title: 凥


text:
処

Derived characters

 * 拠 處

Glyph origin
.

Suffix

 * 1)  place

Etymology 3
Likely related to above.

Suffix

 * 1)  place

title: 処


text:
凧

Glyph origin
.

Noun

 * 1) (toy) kite a tethered object lifted by wind

Etymology 2
From, due to kites looking like squids.

Noun

 * 1)  kite

Etymology 3
+

Noun

 * 1) kite

Etymology 4
From.

Noun

 * 1) kite

title: 凧


text:
凨

Related characters

 * (Orthodox )

Glyph origin
Found in a printing of the 《通俗小說》 novel. First attested in 《》, a dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms  that have existed since the.

Also part of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the ( government) in 1935 but was later retracted in 1936.

title: 凨


text:
凩

Han character

 * 1) wintry wind

Definitions

 * 1) wintry wind

Glyph origin
.

title: 凩


text:
凪

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
, as.

Glyph origin
. +.

Noun

 * 1) calm, lull, such as in the weather or of the sea

title: 凪


text: 凫

title: 凫


text: 凬

title: 凬


text:
凭

Related characters

 * (Orthodox of  凭 )

title: 凭


text:
凮

Kanji

 * 1) Wind

title: 凮


text: 凯

title: 凯


text:
凰

Glyph origin
Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.

Definitions

 * 1)  female  (a mythological bird)

Kanji

 * 1) a female phoenix

title: 凰


text:
凱

Glyph origin
Two possibilities: Originally used to mean “music of triumph; victory music”.
 * , in which case may have been the initial form of this character.

Definitions

 * 1) music of triumph; paean
 * 2) triumph; victory
 * 3) triumphant; victorious
 * 4)  generous with money
 * 1)  generous with money

Kanji

 * 1) triumph, victory

title: 凱


text: 凲

title: 凲


text:
凳

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) bench, stool
 * 2)  chair
 * 1)  chair
 * 1)  chair

title: 凳


text:
凴

Related characters

 * ( of 凴)

title: 凴


text:
凵

Derived terms

 * Appendix:Chinese radical/凵

Glyph origin

 * a cave

Definitions

 * 1)  to open one's mouth

Kanji

 * 1) “box” radical (, kannyō)

Hanja

 * 1) open one's mouth

title: 凵


text:
凶

Glyph origin
and/or - with the '凵' component representing a hole in the ground and with the '㐅' component (if an ideogram) indicating the existence of a hole and/or (if a pictogram) representing rock, mud, stone or bamboo in the hole. Alternately, could be derived from the upper component of '㚇'.

Definitions

 * 1) inauspicious; bad luck; bad omen
 * 2) to have a famine due to crop failure
 * 3) fierce; ferocious
 * 4) terrible; fearful
 * 5) act of violence; murder; evil
 * 6) ruffian; evildoer; criminal
 * 1) terrible; fearful
 * 2) act of violence; murder; evil
 * 3) ruffian; evildoer; criminal
 * 1) act of violence; murder; evil
 * 2) ruffian; evildoer; criminal
 * 1) ruffian; evildoer; criminal

Kanji

 * 1) ominous
 * 2) killing, terrible

Noun

 * 1) ill fortune

title: 凶


text:
凷

Glyph origin
– a clod of dirt.

title: 凷


text:
凸

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) convex
 * 2) to protrude; to stick out

Compounds

 * : bumpy, uneven
 * : bumpy, uneven
 * : letterpress, relief printing

Adjective

 * 1) convex

title: 凸


text:
凹

Derived characters

 * 垇 㾎 兕 𠚆 𠱃 𪵲 𧰽 𧱃 𤉡 𩡿

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) concave; hollow; sunken; dented
 * 2) to cave in; to be sunken; to dent; to be concave
 * 3) indentation; depression
 * 1) to cave in; to be sunken; to dent; to be concave
 * 2) indentation; depression
 * 1) indentation; depression
 * 1) indentation; depression

Definitions

 * 1)  swollen bumps on the skin

Etymology 1
→ →  →  →

From. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading āo, 🇨🇬 au.

Affix

 * 1) concave

Usage notes
The character 凹 with the reading ō is only used in compounds, and never in isolation.

Compounds

 * : a reflex angle
 * : a die or other three-dimensional shape having a concave cross-section
 * : a concave shape
 * : concavity
 * : a polygon with at least one internal reflex angle
 * : an area where the ground is noticeable lower than the surrounding area
 * : bumpiness, unevenness; inequality, variation, ups and downs
 * : a style of Sui-Dynasty wall painting using trompe l'œil techniques to look three-dimensional
 * : a concavo-convex lens
 * : an intaglio
 * : intaglio printing
 * : a concave surface
 * : a concave mirror
 * : quasiconcavity
 * : bumpiness, unevenness; inequality, variation, ups and downs
 * : an uneven scar
 * : a convexo-concave lens

Etymology 2
. Sound similarities might suggest a connection to words related to or deep, such as , , , , ; more at. Alternately, these broad similarities might be pure coincidence.

Noun

 * 1) an area with sides higher than the center: an indentation, a depression, a dip, a divot, a hole
 * 2)  female genitalia, the vagina

Derived terms

 * , : hollowed out, indented; of low status, mean
 * , : hollowed out, indented, depressed (physically), low
 * , : to become hollowed out or indented; to hollow out or indent something; to sink inwardly, to collapse inwardly; to fall upon hard times, to become poor
 * ,, , : see below
 * , : to become hollowed out or indented; to squat for a while, to sink into a crouch
 * , : to make something sink or collapse inwardly; to dent something; to make something into a hollowed out shape
 * , : hollowed out, indented, depressed (physically), low
 * , : in a hollowed out or indented way
 * , : a hollow, a dip, a depression or low spot in the ground
 * , : a paddy or wet field in a low place
 * ,, , : deep-set eyes, sunken eyes
 * , : a low place where water tends to gather
 * , : a dimple, particularly one from smiling
 * , : a surname
 * , : a dip in the floor or ground
 * , ;, : a cupped hand; a rice ball; eating rice by hand; a one-night stand, a fling or short-term romance
 * , : see below
 * : the hollow of the nape of the neck; a hairstyle for infants in the Edo period, shaving the whole head except for a small area on the nape of the neck
 * , : sunken eyes; a person with sunken or deep-set eyes

Etymology 3
Noun stem of verb, itself a compound of.

Noun

 * 1) a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent

Usage notes
The or  spelling with the okurigana み is more common when used as a standalone term. The spelling without the okurigana is more common in compounds.

Derived terms

 * , : an artifact from the Jōmon period, consisting of a flat stone with one to several indentations, of uncertain utility but thought to be used to help start fires

Etymology 4
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) a sunken center
 * 2) a place or object with a sunken center

Usage notes
The spelling is more common.

Etymology 5
Noun stem of verb, itself an abbreviated compound of.

Noun

 * 1) a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent
 * 2) a mistake, and error
 * 3) a moment of weakness or confusion, being at a loss

Usage notes
The spelling is more common.

Synonyms

 * ,, , (also see above)

Etymology 6
. Possibly onomatopoeic from the sound of a wheel bouncing in a rut or pothole, or from the sound of something hollow when tapped. Compare adverb.

Alternately, may be compound of. Compare, likely a compound of +.

Noun

 * 1) an indentation, a dip or divot, a hollow, a dent in a surface

Derived terms

 * : unevenly, bumpily, pitted, dented (in multiple places), full of holes; hollowly
 * : a hole, a rut, a pothole
 * : unevenness, bumpiness, jaggedness; inequality, disparity

title: 凹


text:
出

Related characters

 * (, Unorthodox variant)

Glyph origin
– to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare.

By the, the character has lost its original shape. Based on the distorted form,  mistakenly interprets the character as a of a plant growing outwards.

Etymology 1
STEDT derives this word from ; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,. The -t final may be particular to Chinese.

Alternatively, and  suggest that this word is related to other words that express extraction, such as, and reconstruct the 🇨🇬 with an intransitivizing prefix *t-.

Definitions

 * 1) to go out; to leave; to exit
 * 2) to appear
 * 3) to come; to arrive
 * 4)  to go (to a certain place)
 * 5)  out; outside
 * 6) to send out; to put forth
 * 7) to exceed
 * 8) to produce; to turn out
 * 9) to happen; to arise
 * 10) to vent; to put forth
 * 11)  to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
 * 12) to expend
 * 13)  to buy (an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or computer)
 * 14)  to determine
 * 15)  to state a price
 * 16)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 17)  to be willing to part with money
 * 18)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 19)  ever since
 * 1) to send out; to put forth
 * 2) to exceed
 * 3) to produce; to turn out
 * 4) to happen; to arise
 * 5) to vent; to put forth
 * 6)  to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
 * 7) to expend
 * 8)  to buy (an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or computer)
 * 9)  to determine
 * 10)  to state a price
 * 11)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 12)  to be willing to part with money
 * 13)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 14)  ever since
 * 1) to vent; to put forth
 * 2)  to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
 * 3) to expend
 * 4)  to buy (an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or computer)
 * 5)  to determine
 * 6)  to state a price
 * 7)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 8)  to be willing to part with money
 * 9)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 10)  ever since
 * 1) to expend
 * 2)  to buy (an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or computer)
 * 3)  to determine
 * 4)  to state a price
 * 5)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 6)  to be willing to part with money
 * 7)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 8)  ever since
 * 1)  to determine
 * 2)  to state a price
 * 3)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 4)  to be willing to part with money
 * 5)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 6)  ever since
 * 1)  to seem to give a large amount
 * 2)  to be willing to part with money
 * 3)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 4)  ever since
 * 1)  to escape one's bad luck
 * 2)  ever since
 * 1)  ever since
 * 1)  ever since

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) being from a certain place
 * 2) a coming out, exiting

Affix

 * 1) come out, exit
 * 2) appear, emerge
 * 3) become visible, materialize
 * 4) be born
 * 5) excel, surpass
 * 6) attend, present

Etymology 2
From.

Affix

 * 1) going out
 * 2) putting out, showing

Etymology 3
The of verb.

Noun

 * 1) the process of something coming out
 * 2) something that comes out

Etymology 4
Contraction of classical verb, omitting the initial i-.

Verb

 * 1)  to go or come out
 * 2)  to appear

Usage notes
The form is now the standard term for this in modern Japanese.

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From /.

Etymology
Contraction of verb, omitting the initial i-.

Verb

 * 1) to appear

title: 出


text:
击

Derived characters

 * ( from )
 * (Unknown origin)

Related characters

 * ( of  击 )

title: 击


text:
凼

Definitions

 * 1)  puddle; pool; pit
 * 2)  deep part of a river

title: 凼


text:
函

Glyph origin
Originally, a – an upside-down arrow stored inside a box with one or two handles.

Definitions

 * 1)  to include
 * 2)  box
 * 3)  letter

Kanji

 * 1) a box-shaped receptacle, e.g. a coin bank or letter box (e.g., )
 * 2) to insert [into a container] (cf., )
 * 3) a suit of armor (more commonly )

Etymology
From.

title: 函


text: 凾

title: 凾


text:
凿

Related characters

 * ( of  凿 )

Glyph origin
– (⿱丵臼*) A chisel inside of a mortar, an ancient form of, dating back to oracle bone inscriptions, components such as and  were added later.

Used as a shorthand in popular novels of the Qing dynasty.

Eventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956.

title: 凿


text:
刁

Glyph origin
Variant of.

Definitions

 * 1) treacherous; crafty; deceitful
 * 2) to tempt
 * 3) unkind
 * 4) stammering
 * 5) picky about food
 * 6) to wring
 * 7) to inveigle
 * 8) ear of grains
 * 9) to make (time)
 * 1) to make (time)

Proper noun

 * 1) (obsolete, used in 15-17 century) Alternative form of 寅 (the third of the twelve Earthly Branches)
 * 刀 銘九州日向住国広作 天正十八年庚刁弐月吉日平顕長（山姥切）

title: 刁


text:
刂

Derived characters

 * Appendix:Chinese radical/刀

Related characters

 * (Original form)

Definitions

 * 1) radical form of.

Kanji

 * 1) standing “knife” radical

title: 刂


text:
刃

Alternative forms
Note the compositional differences between Traditional, Simplified, and Japanese Shinjitai in the placement of the additional stroke.

Derived characters

 * 仞 屻 㠴 㣼 扨 㲽 杒 牣 肕 䀔 刼 籾 紉(纫) 䑒 衂 剏 訒(讱) 軔(轫) 釰 剱 靭 韌(韧) 劒 𦬄
 * 刅 丒 忍 岃 涩 歰 䜀(䜧)

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) blade; knife edge
 * 2) sword; knife
 * 3)  to kill with a sword or knife

Etymology 1
→ →

From, from.

Cognate with. Possibly also related to, but the pitch accents do not match. Compare, which also meant “leaf”.

Noun

 * 1)  a blade, edge

Etymology 2
→ →  →

form of, a compound of 🇰🇲.

First attested in the  of the late 1300s.

Noun

 * 1) a forged blade, such as a sword
 * 2) the wavy pattern formed in the metal on the surface of a forged blade
 * 3) a sword or similar edged weapon
 * 4) something sharp like a sword
 * 5) someone or something powerful

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) a blade, edge

Affix

 * 1) blade, edge
 * 2) bladed object
 * 3) kill with a bladed object, put to the sword

Etymology
Cognate with. Possibly also related to. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a blade, edge

title: 刃


text:
刄

Kanji

 * : blade, edge; bladed object; kill with a knife, put to the sword

title: 刄


text:
刅

Definitions

 * 1)  double-edged sword
 * 1)  double-edged sword

title: 刅


text:
分

Derived characters

 * 份 吩 坋 妢 岎 帉 㤋 扮 汾 𢺺 昐 朌 枌 㸮 玢 肦 瓰 盼 砏 秎 竕 衯 𥘶 粉 紛(纷) 羒 翂 聁 蚡 訜 躮 酚 兝 鈖 馚 䭻 魵 黺 鼢
 * 邠 𢺹 攽 頒(颁) 鳻 𥽡 坌 岔 弅 忿 炃 瓫 盆 兺 蚠 貧(贫) 麄 㞣 芬 哛 棼 雰 釁 氛 掰 椕 㟗

Glyph origin
– to separate with a knife.

Definitions

 * 1) to divide; to separate
 * 2) to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot
 * 3) to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart
 * 4) to break up; to end a relationship; to separate
 * 5)  to give
 * 6)  by
 * 7) minute
 * 8) minute
 * 9) fraction; proportion
 * 10)  point; mark
 * 11) one tenth
 * 12)  deci-
 * 13)  0.01 yuan (or dollars, etc.); fen; cent
 * 14)  ten yuan (or dollars, etc.)
 * 15)  money
 * 16) one tenth of a
 * 17)  fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
 * 18)   equivalent to 0.33 cm
 * 19) one tenth of a
 * 20) a candareen, one tenth of a , and equal to ten
 * 21)  an ancient small unit of time
 * 22)  to adopt (a child)
 * 23)  to beg
 * 1) one tenth
 * 2)  deci-
 * 3)  0.01 yuan (or dollars, etc.); fen; cent
 * 4)  ten yuan (or dollars, etc.)
 * 5)  money
 * 6) one tenth of a
 * 7)  fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
 * 8)   equivalent to 0.33 cm
 * 9) one tenth of a
 * 10) a candareen, one tenth of a , and equal to ten
 * 11)  an ancient small unit of time
 * 12)  to adopt (a child)
 * 13)  to beg
 * 1)  an ancient small unit of time
 * 2)  to adopt (a child)
 * 3)  to beg

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1) part; share; portion
 * 2) ingredient; component
 * 3) duty; responsibility
 * 4) status; standing
 * 5) lot; fate; destiny
 * 6) mutual affection

Usage notes
Many of the senses are now written with the specialised character.

Readings
From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From native roots:

Etymology 1
→

From.

Counter

 * 1) minutes (duration)

Noun

 * 1) a minute (unit of time)
 * 2) a minute (unit of angle)

Usage notes
When preceded by a number, the reading changes depending on the phonetic context.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) a part, a share, a portion

Etymology 3
→

Shift from bun above, with influence on the meaning from the 🇨🇬 sense tied to original 🇨🇬 reading.

Noun

 * 1) an obsolete unit of currency equal to four  and to ten

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 分


text:
切

Alternative forms
Note that in Chinese scripts (simplified/traditional), the left component is written followed by  (with an upward hook). In Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts the left component ends with as in, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

Derived characters

 * (derived from the alternate compatibility variant )
 * (Simplified form of )
 * (Japanese Shinjitai and Simplified form of )
 * (derived from the alternate compatibility variant )
 * (Simplified form of )
 * (Japanese Shinjitai and Simplified form of )
 * (Japanese Shinjitai and Simplified form of )

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to cut; to slice; to carve; to mince with a knife
 * 2) to cut off; to disconnect
 * 3)  tangent
 * 4) to switch
 * 1) to switch
 * 1) to switch

Definitions

 * 1) to be close to
 * 2) to bite tightly; to clench
 * 3) to correspond to; to match
 * 4)  to feel the pulse
 * 5) eager; ardent
 * 6) urgent; pressing
 * 7) must; by all means
 * 8) main point

Etymology 4
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to be in time for; in time

Kanji

 * 1) cut

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Han character

 * 1) to slice

title: 切


text:
刈

Han character

 * 1) cut off, reap, mow
 * 2) sickle

Glyph origin
Originally written. Now.

Etymology 1
From (STEDT, ).

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, and colloquial Western 🇨🇬, which and STEDT treat as more conservative.

Definitions

 * 1) to mow; to cut; to weed
 * 2)  crops that have been cut
 * 3)  sickle
 * 4)  to kill; to chop; to lop
 * 5)  to eradicate; to eliminate
 * 1)  to kill; to chop; to lop
 * 2)  to eradicate; to eliminate
 * 1)  to eradicate; to eliminate

Kanji

 * 1) reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune

title: 刈


text: 刉

title: 刉


text:
刊

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut off; to peel off (with a knife)
 * 2)  to carve
 * 3)  to amend; to correct
 * 4) to publish
 * 5) publication; periodical
 * 1)  to amend; to correct
 * 2) to publish
 * 3) publication; periodical
 * 1) to publish
 * 2) publication; periodical

Kanji

 * 1) publish
 * 2) carve
 * 3) engrave

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) publication; publishing

Hanja

 * 1) publication, periodical
 * 2) publish

title: 刊


text:
刋

Han character

 * 1) cut, shred
 * 2) shave, whittle

Derived characters

 * 𠰙, 𫹑

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut

title: 刋


text:
generation

Etymology
, from, , and their source, , from , present active infinitive of. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) The act of creating something or bringing something into being; production, creation.
 * 2) The act of creating a living creature or organism; procreation.
 * 3)  Race, family; breed.
 * 4) A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or degree in genealogy, the members of a family from the same parents, considered as a single unit.
 * This is the book of the generations of Adam - Genesis 5:1
 * Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations - Baruch 6:3
 * All generations and ages of the Christian church - Richard Hooker
 * 1)  Descendants, progeny; offspring.
 * 2) The average amount of time needed for children to grow up and have children of their own, generally considered to be a period of around thirty years, used as a measure of time.
 * 3) A set stage in the development of computing or of a specific technology.
 * 4)  The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude, by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.
 * 5) A group of people born in a specific range of years and whose members can relate culturally to one another.
 * 6) A version of a form of pop culture which differs from later or earlier versions.
 * 7)  A copy of a recording made from an earlier copy and thus further degraded in quality.
 * 8)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.
 * 1) A set stage in the development of computing or of a specific technology.
 * 2)  The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude, by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.
 * 3) A group of people born in a specific range of years and whose members can relate culturally to one another.
 * 4) A version of a form of pop culture which differs from later or earlier versions.
 * 5)  A copy of a recording made from an earlier copy and thus further degraded in quality.
 * 6)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.
 * 1) A version of a form of pop culture which differs from later or earlier versions.
 * 2)  A copy of a recording made from an earlier copy and thus further degraded in quality.
 * 3)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.
 * 1)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.
 * 1)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.
 * 1)  A single iteration of a cellular automaton rule on a pattern.

Translations

 * Armenian:, ,
 * Assamese: চাম
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Estonian: põlvkond
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: შექმნა, გენერირება, ფორმირება
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: созда́вање
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: generering
 * Nynorsk: generering
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovak: generovanie
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: henerasyon
 * Walloon:, fôrmaedje

 * Armenian:, ,
 * Bikol Central: kapag-araki
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: შექმნა, ჩასახვა, გაჩენა
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: miray
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: množenie
 * Tagalog: salinhay

 * Finnish: ,
 * Georgian: შთამომავლობა
 * Macedonian: по́томство
 * Russian:

 * Arabic: جِيل
 * Moroccan Arabic: جيل
 * Aramaic:
 * Hebrew: דָּרָא
 * Syriac: ܕܪܐ
 * Bashkir: быуын
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Ewe: dzidzime
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თაობა
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Macedonian: поколе́ние
 * Nanai: дялан
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: generasjon
 * Nynorsk: generasjon
 * Plautdietsch: Jennerazion
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: ginealach, linn, glùn
 * Slovak: generácia
 * Somali:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: salintao
 * Walloon: ,
 * Yiddish: דור

 * Albanian: gjeneratë
 * Arabic: جِيل,
 * Aramaic:
 * Hebrew: דָּרָא
 * Syriac: ܕܪܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: быуын
 * Belarusian: пакале́нне
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: kaliwatan, kaliwat, henerasyon
 * Chagatai: نَسْل
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: generation, slægtled
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: põlvkond
 * Ewe: dzidzime
 * Faroese: ættarlið, ættarliður
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თაობა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γενεά
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , नस्ल
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: kynslóð
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: polvi
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: ұрпақ
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຮຸ່ນ, ສ່ຳ
 * Latvian: paaudze
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: поколе́ние, генера́ција
 * Maori: reanga, whakareanga, whakatupuranga, whakatipuranga, whakapaparanga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: generasjon
 * Nynorsk: generasjon
 * Ottoman Turkish: نسل, گوبك
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Jennerazion
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: ginealach, linn, glùn
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: поколе́ње, покоље́ње, генера́ција
 * Roman: pokolénje, ,
 * Slovak: pokolenie, generácia
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: salinlahi, henerasyon
 * Tajik:
 * Thai:, , ,
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: nesil
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: پیڑھی, نسل
 * Uyghur: نەسىل, بوغۇن
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon: ,
 * Yiddish: דור

 * Azerbaijani:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: მოდგმა
 * Greek:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Macedonian: род
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: ginealach, linn, glùn
 * Spanish: ,
 * Tagalog: salinlahi

 * Slovak: generovanie

 * Arabic:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Old English: (5)
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu:

Etymology
.

title: generation


text:
刌

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut off, to sever

title: 刌


text:
刍

Glyph origin
.

title: 刍


text:
刎

Definitions

 * 1) to cut one's throat
 * 2) to cut off; to sever

Kanji

 * 1) decapitate

title: 刎


text: 刏

title: 刏


text: 刐

title: 刐


text:
刑

Glyph origin
Originally written as,. Later corrupted as (⿰幵刂),.

Definitions

 * 1) penalty; sentence; punishment
 * 2) corporal punishment; torture
 * 3)  to slaughter; to massacre
 * 4)  model; example
 * 5)  to set an example; to follow an example
 * : Xing

Kanji

 * 1) penalty, punishment
 * 2) to punish
 * 3) to execute (to kill as a penalty)

Noun

 * 1) punishment

Suffix

 * 1) punishment; sentence; penalty

Hanja

 * 1) punishment, penalty
 * 2) law

title: 刑


text:
划

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to row; to paddle
 * 2) to calculate; to be profitable; to be a good deal
 * 1) to calculate; to be profitable; to be a good deal

Definitions

 * 1) to row; to paddle

title: 划


text:
刓

Han character

 * 1) pare the edges and corners
 * 2) to trim

Kanji

 * 1) trim

Hanja

 * 1) to trim

title: 刓


text:
刔

Han character

 * 1) scoop out
 * 2) gouge

Definitions

 * 1) scoop out
 * 2) gouge

title: 刔


text:
刕

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut

title: 刕


text:
刖

Han character

 * 1) cutting off feet as form of punishment

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
Related to.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut off one or both feet as a form of punishment, one of the

Kanji

 * 1) severing a foot as a punishment

title: 刖


text:
列

Derived characters

 * 例 冽 咧 峢 㤡 挒 洌 迾 栵 𥆁 䅀 𦀎 蛚 趔 𨀺 𨦙 颲 䮋
 * 𠞺 劽 姴 㡂 㤠 烮 烈 㽝 裂 銐 鴷(䴕) 鮤 䶛 峛 茢 㾐 𠶘 𩂶

Glyph origin
– to tear apart.

Definitions

 * 1)  to tear apart; to break up; to separate; to split
 * 2) a line of objects
 * 3) to list
 * 4)  column (in data tables)
 * 5)  row (in data tables)
 * 1)  row (in data tables)
 * 1)  row (in data tables)

Compounds

 * : matrix; line; queue; procession
 * : arrangement; array; sequence
 * : series; Japanese conglomerate
 * : (rail transport) train
 * : freight train
 * : archipelago
 * : Kuril Islands

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) line, row
 * 2)  a column of a matrix

title: 列


text:
刘

Derived characters

 * (Simplified forms of 瀏, 懰, 䬟, 藰 respectively)
 * (Simplified forms of 瀏, 懰, 䬟, 藰 respectively)

title: 刘


text: 则

title: 则


text: 刚

title: 刚


text: 创

title: 创


text:
刜

Han character

 * 1) to chop

Definitions

 * 1)  to chop
 * 2)  to squander extravagantly
 * 3)  to hit or strike with force
 * 4)  to do something recklessly without considering the consequences phut
 * 1)  to hit or strike with force
 * 2)  to do something recklessly without considering the consequences phut
 * 1)  to do something recklessly without considering the consequences phut

title: 刜


text:
初

Glyph origin
– start making clothes by cutting the cloth.

The various -shaped glyphs are or are evolved from.

Definitions

 * 1) initial; inceptive
 * 2) first
 * 3) prefix of dates from 1st to 10th in the
 * 4) original
 * 5) elementary; basic
 * 6) beginning; start
 * 7) just
 * 1) original
 * 2) elementary; basic
 * 3) beginning; start
 * 4) just
 * 1) beginning; start
 * 2) just
 * 1) just
 * 1) just

Etymology 1
→ →

From.

Possible cognates include and.

Prefix

 * 1) the first..., initial..., new...

Noun

 * 1) a first, start, a beginning
 * 2)  first sexual relations, one's first time
 * 1)  first sexual relations, one's first time
 * 1)  first sexual relations, one's first time

Etymology 2
→ →

First attested in the of roughly 905-914, and assumed to be inherited from.

There is an apparently related term of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.

Both ui and ubu appear to be related to verb, from the sense of "first of something since one has been born".

Martin suggests that this might be a fusion of 🇰🇲. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun with a sense of "the day a woman gives birth" rather than "the day someone is born". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: +  →  →  →.

Possibly cognate with or classical verb.

Noun

 * 1)  a first, start

Prefix

 * 1)  the first of something

Etymology 3
From stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain.

Adjective

 * 1) innocent
 * 2) inexperienced, green

Etymology 4
From.

Compare 🇨🇬.

Affix

 * 1) beginning, start
 * 2) first, initial

Etymology 6
Nominalization of.

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) the first..., initial..., new...

Etymology
From.

Possible cognates include, , and.

Prefix

 * 1) the first..., initial..., new...

title: 初


text: 刞

title: 刞


text: 刟

title: 刟


text:
删

Han character

 * 1) to cut
 * 2) delete

title: 删


text:
刡

Han character

 * 1) to scrape
 * 2) to pare

title: 刡


text: 刢

title: 刢


text:
刣

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to pare; to scrape

Etymology 2
Often considered a substrate word. Compare :

suggests that this derives from instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and 🇨🇬 (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as.

Alternatively, some have suggested that is the original character.

Definitions

 * 1)  to slaughter (an animal)
 * 2)  to kill (a person)
 * 3)  to cut open
 * 4)  to cut; to gash
 * 5)  to fight a battle; to go to war
 * 6)  to delete; to remove; to cross out
 * 7)  to beat down the price; to haggle
 * 1)  to cut; to gash
 * 2)  to fight a battle; to go to war
 * 3)  to delete; to remove; to cross out
 * 4)  to beat down the price; to haggle
 * 1)  to beat down the price; to haggle

title: 刣


text:
判

Glyph origin
– to cut fine distinctions 刀 (to judge, to discriminate). Phonetic (半) is also a cow cut in half, hence “divide a cow”.

Definitions

 * 1) to differentiate; to discriminate
 * 2) to judge
 * 3) to sentence
 * 4) obvious

Kanji

 * 1) judgement
 * 2) seal, stamp

Compounds

 * : clearness

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) stamp, seal
 * 2) judgement

Suffix

 * 1) size of paper or books

Suffix

 * 1) size of paper or books

title: 判


text:
別

Glyph origin
– to cut up bone and flesh.

Etymology 1
From. Cognate to, ,.

proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in 🇨🇬) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the 🇨🇬 causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare from. On the other hand, consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare  from.

Sense "do not" is a of.

Definitions

 * 1)  to divide; to separate
 * 2) to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate
 * 3) distinction; difference; contrast
 * 4) group; class; kind
 * 5) to leave; to part
 * 6)  to turn; to change
 * 7) to pin; to clip
 * 8) to stick something in; to bolt
 * 9)  to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate
 * 10) another; other
 * 11) special; unique; peculiar; particular
 * 12) misspelled; erroneous
 * 13) by oneself; on one's own; separately
 * 14) had better not; do not; don't
 * 1) to pin; to clip
 * 2) to stick something in; to bolt
 * 3)  to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate
 * 4) another; other
 * 5) special; unique; peculiar; particular
 * 6) misspelled; erroneous
 * 7) by oneself; on one's own; separately
 * 8) had better not; do not; don't
 * 1) special; unique; peculiar; particular
 * 2) misspelled; erroneous
 * 3) by oneself; on one's own; separately
 * 4) had better not; do not; don't
 * 1) by oneself; on one's own; separately
 * 2) had better not; do not; don't
 * 1) had better not; do not; don't
 * 1) had better not; do not; don't

Adjective

 * 1) different, separate, another

Noun

 * 1) difference
 * 2) another
 * 3) exception
 * 1) exception
 * 1) exception

Suffix

 * 1) separated by

Adjective

 * 1) different, separate, another

Noun

 * 1) difference

title: 別


text: 刦

title: 刦


text: 刧

title: 刧


text:
刨

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to dig
 * 2)  to deduct; to take away; to exclude

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1) plane; planer; planing machine
 * 2) to shave; to plane
 * 3)  grater
 * 4)  to grate
 * 1)  to grate

Kanji

 * 1) carpenter's plane
 * 2) plane
 * 3) level

Hanja

 * 1) carpenter's plane
 * 2) plane
 * 3) level

title: 刨


text:
利

Glyph origin
– to reap grain with a knife.

Etymology
From (STEDT, ); cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1) benefit; advantage
 * 2) profit
 * 3)  interest
 * 4) to benefit; to be beneficial to
 * 5) favourable; successful
 * 6) sharp; sharp-edged
 * 1) favourable; successful
 * 2) sharp; sharp-edged

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) profit, benefit

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) profit, benefit, advantage

Verb

 * 1) to benefit

Particle

 * 1) and connecting particle for nouns

Usage notes
was used to denote particularly intimate connections between nouns, compared to which had a more general use. The particle was totally extinct by the fifteenth century, and has no known Middle Korean reflex.

The sixth-century attestation given above is the reading of the tablet by linguist Lee Seungjae, who is the only person so far to have interpreted the text. It is possible that future interpreters will analyze differently.

title: 利


text:
刪

Han character

 * 1) to cut
 * 2) delete, erase
 * 3) to geld

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to delete
 * 2)   the fifteenth day of a month
 * 1)   the fifteenth day of a month

Kanji

 * 1) cut down

title: 刪


text:
别

Glyph origin
Variant of, where is replaced with the visually-similar.

Officially adopted as the simplified form of in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme  in 1956.

title: 别


text: 刬

title: 刬


text: 刭

title: 刭


text:
刮

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to shave; to pare off; to scrape
 * 2) to wipe; to sweep
 * 3) to plunder; to extort
 * 4)  to reprimand; to scold
 * 5)  to find someone
 * 1) to plunder; to extort
 * 2)  to reprimand; to scold
 * 3)  to find someone

Definitions

 * 1)  very

Etymology
From.

title: 刮


text: 刯

title: 刯


text:
到

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to arrive at a destination; to reach a destination; to get to
 * 2) to go to; to leave for
 * 3)  to reach
 * 4) to the extent that
 * 5) to
 * 6) to (a place)
 * 7) to (a time); until; up to
 * 8) (from) ... to ...
 * 9)  at; in
 * 10) thoughtful; considerate
 * 1)  to reach
 * 2) to the extent that
 * 3) to
 * 4) to (a place)
 * 5) to (a time); until; up to
 * 6) (from) ... to ...
 * 7)  at; in
 * 8) thoughtful; considerate
 * 1) to the extent that
 * 2) to
 * 3) to (a place)
 * 4) to (a time); until; up to
 * 5) (from) ... to ...
 * 6)  at; in
 * 7) thoughtful; considerate
 * 1) (from) ... to ...
 * 2)  at; in
 * 3) thoughtful; considerate
 * 1)  at; in
 * 2) thoughtful; considerate
 * 1) thoughtful; considerate

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1)  to arrive
 * 2)  to complete a winning hand
 * 1)  to complete a winning hand
 * 1)  to complete a winning hand

Synonyms
;

Kanji

 * 1) arrival
 * 2) proceed
 * 3) reach
 * 4) attain
 * 5)  result in

Compounds

 * : arrival; beginning, start

title: 到


text: 刱

title: 刱


text:
刲

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut; to slice off
 * 2)  to scratch an inch

title: 刲


text:
刳

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut out; to dig; to rip up; to scoop out; to cut open

Kanji

 * 1) clear
 * 2) serene
 * 3) cold

title: 刳


text:
刴

Han character

 * 1) chop by pounding, mince, hash

title: 刴


text:
刵

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut off the ear as a punishment

title: 刵


text:
制

Derived characters

 * 淛 猘 𠶜 𡍘 𡝧 𢛁 𢮓 𨔈 㫼 掣 𤙲 𦜋 𦜗 𦜾 𦲟 𪰮 𭪨 𭪩 痸 𥇕 𧚳 𬎭 䎺 製 𧤊 𧨰 𨡐 𨡘 𨧳 𨨪 𫵨 䱥 鯯 𪘥

Glyph origin
– to cut a tree. was also written as the related.

Definitions

 * 1) to plan; to regulate
 * 2) to restrict; to limit; to control
 * 3) to rule; to decide; to overpower
 * 4) system; law; rules
 * 5)  edict of ancient Chinese rulers
 * 6)  mourning rite on behalf of parents' deaths in ancient China
 * 7)  to consent to; to agree to
 * 1)  to consent to; to agree to

Suffix

 * 1) system

title: 制


text:
刷

Definitions

 * 1) brush tool
 * 2)  to brush; to scrub; to clean with a brush
 * 3)  to paint with a brush
 * 4)  to eliminate
 * 5)  to swipe (a card, etc.); to scan
 * 6)  to browse through (updates on social media etc.); to flip through
 * 7)  to write; to finish (a massive quantity of works)
 * 8)  to flash
 * 9)  to grind
 * 10)  to spawn
 * 1)  to browse through (updates on social media etc.); to flip through
 * 2)  to write; to finish (a massive quantity of works)
 * 3)  to flash
 * 4)  to grind
 * 5)  to spawn
 * 1)  to flash
 * 2)  to grind
 * 3)  to spawn
 * 1)  to grind
 * 2)  to spawn
 * 1)  to spawn
 * 1)  to spawn

Definitions

 * 1)  to pick; to choose

Kanji

 * 1) painting
 * 2) print
 * 3) brush

title: 刷


text:
券

Related characters

 * 拳 卷/巻 弮 眷 觠

Glyph origin
– contract. Ancient contracts were cut in half.

Definitions

 * 1)  title deed; deed of trust; bond; contract
 * 2) ticket; pass; coupon; voucher; certificate
 * 3)   guarantee; surety; certainty
 * 4)  to agree; to tally with
 * 5)  to copy; to trace
 * 6)  to bore; to drill
 * 1)  to bore; to drill

Definitions

 * 1)  arch

Kanji

 * 1) ticket

Etymology
→

From.

Noun

 * 1) ticket, certificate
 * 2) bond, coupon

Suffix

 * 1) ticket, certificate

title: 券


text:
刹

Alternative forms

 * In mainland China, the bottom left component is.
 * In Taiwan, the bottom left component is, but is only used as a of.
 * In Japanese and Korean, the bottom left component is , which is the historical form found in the.

Derived characters

 * (Only for mainland China . Taiwan contain  instead)

Related characters

 * (Preferred form for used in Taiwan and Hong Kong, contains )

Usage notes
Note difference in composition for the definition above:

As of   -. As of   -.

Kanji

 * 1) Buddhist temple; pagoda

Etymology
From.

title: 刹


text:
刺

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
From (provisional) (STEDT); cognate with 🇨🇬,, and.

"attack, satirize" < "criticize"  < lit. "cause to be stabbed" is exopassive/exoactive derivation of  "pierce, stab" (ibid.);  "thorn"  is Han period's general tone-C derivation of  (ibid.)

Definitions

 * 1) a pointed structure which is able to pierce something (spike, spine, thorn, etc.)
 * 2)  visiting card

Definitions

 * 1) to stab; to prick
 * 2)  to kill discreetly; to assassinate discreetly
 * 3)  to criticize with pointed words
 * 4)  to pry into; to investigate
 * 5)  to stimulate
 * 6)  to provoke; to irritate
 * 7)  to thrust; to attack the opponent at an area parallel to the weapon's length
 * 8)  thrust
 * : Ci
 * 1)  to sew; to weave; to knit; to embroider
 * 2)  to tattoo
 * 3)  dazzling; glaring
 * 4)  to pick out; to pluck out
 * 5)  to expose; to bring to light
 * 6)  prickly and uncomfortable
 * 7)  to remind someone during a fight of the number of times one has given favors to that person
 * 1)  dazzling; glaring
 * 2)  to pick out; to pluck out
 * 3)  to expose; to bring to light
 * 4)  prickly and uncomfortable
 * 5)  to remind someone during a fight of the number of times one has given favors to that person

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1) sound of rubbing

Readings
From :

From :

Noun

 * 1) a thorn, prickle
 * 2) a splinter
 * 3) a biting word

Etymology 2
Nominalization of the of verb.

Noun

 * 1)  a small tool used to extract a sample of rice from a bag in order to test its quality
 * 2)  in the, a paper string used to store
 * 3)  sliced pieces of fish or other meat

Etymology 3
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) a thorn, prickle
 * 2) the spine  of a fish's dorsal fin
 * 3)  nettle
 * 4)  the larva of the, a species of moth
 * 5) the horn-like projections of
 * : a jellyfish

Etymology 4
→

From.

Noun

 * 1) a thorn, prickle, needle
 * 2) a calling card, name card

Affix

 * 1) stab, prick
 * 2) criticize with pointed words
 * 3) spike, thorn
 * 4) name card

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 刺


text:
刻

Derived characters

 * 𪣫 𢮰 𫋉

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to carve; to cut a notch; to engrave
 * 2) to draw; to adorn
 * 3) to cut; to scratch
 * 4) to rigorously demand
 * 5) to restrict; to limit
 * 6) to damage; to prejudice
 * 7) to engrave on one's mind
 * 8) unkind; sarcastic; caustic
 * 9) urgent; pressing
 * 10) assiduous; diligent
 * 11) moment in time
 * 12)  $1/100$ of one day; 14.4 minutes
 * 13)  quarter of an hour; 15 minutes
 * 1)  ⇭⇭⇭ of one day; 14.4 minutes
 * 2)  quarter of an hour; 15 minutes
 * 1)  quarter of an hour; 15 minutes

Kanji

 * 1) engrave, carve
 * 2) moment in time

Compounds
＊

Etymology
From.

title: 刻


text:
刼

Derived characters

 * 㥘 𡮊

title: 刼


text: 刽

title: 刽


text:
刾

Glyph origin
.

title: 刾


text:
刿

Han character

 * 1) to cut, injure, stab, stick on

title: 刿


text: 剀

title: 剀


text:
剁

Definitions

 * 1) to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut

title: 剁


text: 剂

title: 剂


text:
剃

Etymology
Possibly a post-Han variant of.

Definitions

 * 1) to shave (hair)

Kanji

 * 1) to shave

Compounds

 * 剃度
 * 剃刀
 * 剃髪
 * 剃毛

title: 剃


text:
剄

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut one's throat

Kanji

 * 1) beheading

Compounds

 * 剄死

title: 剄


text:
剅

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  waterway underneath a dam or across a dike
 * 2) a substitution for the character 扣; fastening

title: 剅


text:
剆

Han character

 * 1) to cut open
 * 2) to strike against
 * 3) to clash together

title: 剆


text:
則

Glyph origin
. 鼎 was simplified as 貝 in the Small seal script. Cf. , which underwent similar development.

Definitions

 * 1) rule; law; regulation
 * 2) standard; example
 * 3) to follow an example
 * 4) ; and
 * 5) ; so; thus
 * 6) ; but; on the other hand
 * 7) ; it is ... but it ...
 * 1) ; but; on the other hand
 * 2) ; it is ... but it ...

Definitions

 * 1)  floor plan or layout

Kanji

 * 1) rule, law
 * 2) measure, norm
 * 3) to follow, to conform

Etymology 1
From.

Counter

 * 1) counter for rules

Noun

 * 1) rule, law

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

title: 則


text: 剈

title: 剈


text:
剉

Han character

 * 1) to break, to deaden
 * 2) to file
 * 3) to chop

Definitions

 * 1)  to break, chop
 * 2)  to chop
 * 3)  to finely chop, to mince
 * 1)  to finely chop, to mince

Kanji

 * 1) cut
 * 2) file
 * 3) trim

Hanja

 * 1) cut
 * 2) file
 * 3) trim
 * 4) file

title: 剉


text:
削

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to pare with a knife; to peel with a knife; to scrape off the surface; to slice
 * 2) to divide; to split; to separate
 * 3)  to reduce; to cut down
 * 4)  to weaken
 * 5)  to rob; to expropriate; to plunder
 * 6)   to delete; to remove; to cut out
 * 7)  to slice (the ball)
 * 8)  steep (as if sliced); precipitous; sheer
 * 9)  emaciated; scraggy; slender
 * 10)  writing knife
 * 11)  thin slips of wood used for writing; letters
 * 12)  skinny; lean
 * 13)  to hurt (the stomach)
 * 14)  to mock; to ridicule; to have a dig at someone
 * 15)  to remove fat, etc. from a body organ
 * 16)  to damage the spleen, stomach, etc.
 * 17)  to compete; to fight

Synonyms

Usage notes
Use for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

Definitions

 * 1)  fief within three hundred li from the state capital

Kanji

 * 1) plane, whittle

Readings
From :

From ; compare 🇨🇬:

From native roots:

Etymology
From.

title: 削


text:
剋

Definitions

 * 1) to counteract; to work against; to conflict
 * 2)  to overcome; to subdue; to capture; to defeat; to vanquish; to prevail; to surmount; to overthrow
 * 3)  to restrain; to cut down
 * 4)  to be able to
 * 5)  severe; harsh
 * 6)  to injure; to harm
 * 7)  [to digest
 * 8)  to set a time limit
 * 1)  to injure; to harm
 * 2)  [to digest
 * 3)  to set a time limit

Etymology
From  (cf. ).

Definitions

 * 1)  to scold; to censure
 * 2)  to beat
 * 3)  to dig (with the hand)

title: 剋


text:
剌

Definitions

 * 1) perverse; unreasonable
 * 2) to contradict; to violate

Kanji

 * 1) opposed
 * 2) biased

title: 剌


text:
前

Glyph origin
Originally, an – a foot on a boat moving forward. Alternatively, represents a shoe (cf.  : 舟象履形) — a foot with a shoe on to walk forward.

In the current form, is simplified to  and  to. The current form with an additional is the original form of.

Etymology 1
zh.

Definitions

 * 1) front; forepart
 * 2) ago; before
 * 3) past; previous; former; earlier
 * 4) top; foremost; leading
 * 5) future; time ahead
 * 6) to move forward
 * 1) ago; before
 * 2) past; previous; former; earlier
 * 3) top; foremost; leading
 * 4) future; time ahead
 * 5) to move forward
 * 1) past; previous; former; earlier
 * 2) top; foremost; leading
 * 3) future; time ahead
 * 4) to move forward
 * 1) top; foremost; leading
 * 2) future; time ahead
 * 3) to move forward
 * 1) top; foremost; leading
 * 2) future; time ahead
 * 3) to move forward
 * 1) future; time ahead
 * 2) to move forward
 * 1) to move forward
 * 1) to move forward

Usage notes
may refer to either the past or the future depending on one's perspective that is often implied by the context idiomatically. The  specifically refers to the day before yesterday.

Kanji

 * 1) in front
 * 2) before

Etymology 1
From as a compound of. Ultimately from.

→ →  →  →

Noun

 * 1) the front
 * 2) the past
 * 3) * 1934, Torahiko Terada, ゴルフ随行記
 * 4) previous
 * 1) * 1934, Torahiko Terada, ゴルフ随行記
 * 2) previous
 * 1) * 1934, Torahiko Terada, ゴルフ随行記
 * 2) previous
 * 1) previous

Suffix

 * 1) a portion, an amount
 * 2) ago
 * 1) ago

Etymology 3
From. Compare modern 🇨🇬.

Counter

 * 1) counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays
 * 2) counter for kami and shrines

Prefix

 * 1) the last, the previous
 * 2) pre- (of an era)

Suffix

 * 1)  ago
 * 2)  before
 * 1)  before
 * 1)  before

Etymology 4
Contraction of, itself a contraction of , an honorific form of address.

Suffix

 * 1)  an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person

Etymology
From.

title: 前


text:
剎

Derived characters

 * (Only for as mainland China  contain  instead)

Related characters

 * ( and Japanese )

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Transcription of the kṣV sequence in various  words, probably via  or , including:

Definitions

 * 1)  land; world; place; area
 * 2)  place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda
 * 3)  instant; moment; impermanence
 * 4)  brief moment; short moment
 * 1)  instant; moment; impermanence
 * 2)  brief moment; short moment
 * 1)  brief moment; short moment

Etymology 2
From, in turn from.

Definitions

 * 1) to brake (a car); to stop a car

title: 剎


text:
剏

Han character

 * 1) establish, create
 * 2) knife cut

title: 剏


text:
剐

Glyph origin
Unorthodox variant of.

title: 剐


text:
剑

Related characters

 * ( of 剑)

Glyph origin
Simplified Chinese of.

title: 剑


text:
剒

Definitions

 * 1) to trick someone into telling the truth
 * 2)  to jolt; to jump
 * 3) to shake violently
 * 4) to pull

title: 剒


text: 剓

title: 剓


text:
剔

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to pick meat from bones
 * 2) to pick (with a pointed instrument); to scrape
 * 3) to pick out; to weed out
 * 4)  to pick; to choose

Etymology 3
Borrowed from (, page 219).

 * "to take (attendance)"
 * Eggcorn of via homophony between  and.

Definitions

 * 1) tick; checkmark
 * 2) to tick; to put a checkmark
 * 3) to take (attendance)

Noun

 * 1) cutting

title: 剔


text:
剕

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  punishment by cutting off one or both feet, one of the

title: 剕


text:
剖

Definitions

 * 1) to cut open; to divide
 * 2) to analyze; to dissect

Kanji

 * 1) divide

Compounds

 * : dissection
 * : anatomy

title: 剖


text:
剗

Kanji

 * 1) to level off
 * 2) to trim
 * 3) to pare down

Hanja

 * 1) to level off
 * 2) to trim
 * 3) to pare down

title: 剗


text: 剘

title: 剘


text:
剙

Han character

 * 1) establish, create
 * 2) knife cut

title: 剙


text:
剚

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to stab (with a knife or sword)
 * 2)  to stick into the ground

title: 剚


text:
剛

Glyph origin
.

Etymology 1
Along with, derived from the terminative of , literally "having become solid, hard".

Definitions

 * 1) firm; hard; stiff
 * 2) strong

Definitions

 * 1) just; exactly
 * 2) only a short while ago; just
 * 3) barely; just
 * 4) as soon as; only at this moment
 * 1) barely; just
 * 2) as soon as; only at this moment
 * 1) barely; just
 * 2) as soon as; only at this moment
 * 1) as soon as; only at this moment

Kanji

 * 1) sturdy

Proper noun

Han character

 * 1) hard, strong, firm

title: 剛


text:
剜

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to cut out; to scoop out

title: 剜


text:
剝

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1)  to cut apart
 * 2) to peel; to skin; to shell
 * 3) to fall off; to erode; to come off
 * 4) to strip; to deprive; to exploit
 * 5)  to take off
 * 6)  to take off; to remove; to take down
 * 7)  to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
 * 1)  to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
 * 1)  to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug

Usage notes
Use for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

Kanji

 * 1) peel
 * 2) peel off
 * 3) strip

Usage notes
Included in the 2010 jōyō reform instead of, despite it having been standard in Japanese character sets.

Hanja

 * 1) to strip
 * 2) undress
 * 3) to cut, trim
 * 4) injure

title: 剝


text:
剞

Definitions

 * 1) to rob
 * 1) to rob

title: 剞


text:
剟

Definitions

 * 1)  to prick
 * 2)  to delete
 * 3)  to cut; to choose
 * 4)  to cut blocks, to engrave

title: 剟


text: 剠

title: 剠


text:
剡

Etymology 1
From (STEDT, ). Initial * was re-interpreted as pre-initial and dropped; whereas doublets and  retain *.

Definitions

 * 1)  sharp; pointed
 * 2)  to cut; to pare; to sharpen
 * 3)  to lift; to raise

Kanji

 * 1) sharp
 * 2) sharp-pointed
 * 3) sharpen

Hanja

 * 1) sharp

title: 剡


text: 剢

title: 剢


text:
剣

Glyph origin
Unorthodox variant of.

Kanji

 * 1) double-edged sword
 * 2) swordsmanship

Alternative forms

Etymology 1
→ →

From.

Compare modern 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a sword, especially one with a double-edged blade
 * 2) swordsmanship
 * 3) a bayonet
 * 4)  a stinger
 * 5)  an ovipositor
 * a, with varying designs of double-edged blades
 * 1)  an ovipositor
 * a, with varying designs of double-edged blades

Usage notes
This term refers to swords in general.

Derived terms

 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
 * : kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword

Etymology 2
→ * →

Shift from turuki,  itself of  derivation.

A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound of + ki, but there is no clear etymon for the ki portion. One possibility would be, read as kiba in modern but also appearing as ki in 🇨🇬 contexts. Such usage might parallel the combined and  meanings of the term ha, spelled more specifically as  and, with these two senses listed as cognates in Japanese dictionaries.

More tentative suggestions have been connections to Austronesian, such as 🇨🇬, but such possibilities seem only speculative at present.

Noun

 * 1) a sword

Usage notes
This term usually refers more specifically to double-edged swords, as opposed to the single-edged.

Etymology 3
. Japanese names often apply readings from other words to allude to different meanings.

Etymology
The variation between turugi₁ or turuki₁ suggests a compound origin. Alternatively, it may possibly be a misspelling of turugi₁, as there was not a phonemic distinction of voiced and voiceless consonants in most Old Japanese texts. However, turuki₁ is attested in the Nihon Shoki.

A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound of + ki, but there is no clear etymon for the ki portion. One possibility would be, in spite that KI is not attested phonographically in Old Japanese. Such usage might parallel the combined and  meanings of the term ha, spelled more specifically as  and, with these two senses listed as cognates in Japanese dictionaries.

More tentative suggestions have been connections to Austronesian, such as 🇨🇬, but such possibilities seem only speculative at present.

Noun

 * 1) sword

title: 剣


text:
剤

Han character

 * 1) medicinal preparation

Glyph origin
.

Suffix

 * 1) agent, chemical substance
 * 2) drug, medicine
 * 3) dose

title: 剤


text:
剥

Kanji

 * 1) peel
 * 2) peel off
 * 3) strip

Noun

 * 1) coming off, peeling off

Usage notes
Not included in the 2010 jōyō reform in favor of, despite 剥 having been standard in Japanese character sets.

title: 剥


text: 剦

title: 剦


text: 剧

title: 剧


text:
剨

Han character

 * 1) sound of something being smashed

title: 剨


text:
剩

Descendants

 * 剰

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to be left; to remain
 * 2)  extra; leftover
 * : Sheng

Synonyms

Kanji

 * 1) leftover, remainder, residue

Hanja

 * 1) leftover
 * 2) remainder
 * 3) residue

title: 剩


text:
剪

Glyph origin
Originally or, a. Since has replaced, an additional  has been added.

Definitions

 * 1) to cut (paper, etc.)

title: 剪


text: 剫

title: 剫


text: 剬

title: 剬


text: 剭

title: 剭


text:
剮

Glyph origin
.

Definitions

 * 1) to cut flesh off from bone
 * 2) lingchi
 * 3)  to cut out; to gouge out; to scoop out

title: 剮