text:
weorþ

Etymology
From, used substantively as a noun. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) worth, deserving
 * 2) honoured, esteemed

Usage notes

 * In the first sense, when something's worth (e.g. financial value) is explicitly stated, it is often indicated with the genitive case: Þæt is twentiġ sċillinga weorð ("That's worth twenty shillings").

Noun

 * 1) worth, price, value
 * 2) honour, dignity

Usage notes

 * When buying, selling, etc. something at or for a certain price, the preposition mid is used with the instrumental case (or the dative in later Old English), not æt or for: Iċ ġebohte þrēo ċicenu mid healfe weorðe ("I bought three chickens for half-price").

title: weorþ


text:
isocyclic

Adjective

 * 1)  homocyclic

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: isocyclic


text:
isonitrile

Noun

 * 1)  isocyanide

title: isonitrile


text: isonitroso compound

title: isonitroso compound


text:
drink like a fish

Verb

 * 1)  To drink (especially alcohol) heavily and in excess.

Translations

 * Dutch: drinken als een tempelier
 * Esperanto: drinki kiel funelo
 * Finnish: juoda kuin sieni
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: iszik, mint a kefekötő, iszik, mint a gödény
 * Italian: bere come una spugna
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: пие како смок
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: beber como uma esponja
 * Russian: пить как ло́шадь, пить как гу́бка , ,
 * Spanish: beber como una esponja
 * Swedish: dricka som en svamp

title: drink like a fish


text:
eva

Verb

 * 1) to drink

Etymology
From, referring to the fig leaves the postlapsarian Eve wore to cover her vulva in the Biblical story.

Noun

 * 1)  A half-apron.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  bee

Etymology 1
From, of the biblical creation story. The name comes from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a woman, particularly with very womanly traits

Etymology 2
From,.

Verb

 * 1)  to doubt, drag one's feet

Usage notes

 * This is a split infinitive verb.

Etymology 3
Related to  and.

Etymology
..

Particle

 * 1)  so, even, just

Usage notes
Follows the word it emphasises. Sandhi often occurs:

 * After 'i', 'e' and 'ṃ', it often becomes.
 * After 'ṃ', it can further assimilate to become.
 * After long vowels, its initial vowel can drop, yielding.

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Pronunciation

 * (Turin)

Noun

 * 1) water

title: eva


text:
isoprenoid

Noun

 * 1)  Any compound formally derived from one or more isoprene units.

title: isoprenoid


text:
weorþmynd

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) worldly honour; glory
 * 2) * late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
 * "ang"

- Nū wylle wē ēow secgan sume Petres wundra him tō wurðmynte and ēow tō trymmincge...

 * 1) * c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
 * "ang"

- Sy ðam Metodan Drihtne wurþmynt and lōf á on ecnysse. Amen we cweðað.

 * 1) * late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
 * "ang"

- Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

title: weorþmynd


text:
isoselenocyanate

Noun

 * 1)  The selenium analogue of isocyanate, R-N=C=Se.

title: isoselenocyanate


text:
Messrs

Etymology
See

Usage notes

 * See usage notes at

title: Messrs


text:
winemæg

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) kinsman

title: winemæg


text:
isourea

Noun

 * 1)  The imidic acid tautomer of urea H2NC(=NH)OH and any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives.

title: isourea


text:
Messieurs

Etymology
Capitalization of

Noun

 * Je vous présente Messieurs MacKenzie et Harley.
 * I present you Mister MacKenzie and (Mister) Harley.
 * I present you Mister MacKenzie and (Mister) Harley.

Synonyms

 * Mrs
 * Mrs
 * Mrs
 * Mrs

title: Messieurs


text:
isozyme

Noun

 * 1)  An isoenzyme

Related terms

 * isozymatic

title: isozyme


text:
isoenzyme

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different structures and physical, biochemical and immunological properties.

Derived terms

 * isoenzymology
 * isoenzymology
 * isoenzymology

title: isoenzyme


text:
ketal

Noun

 * 1)  Any acetal derived from a ketone

title: ketal


text:
ketenimine

Noun

 * 1)  Any imino analogue of a ketene, having the general formula R2C=C=NR.

title: ketenimine


text: Common Slavonic

title: Common Slavonic


text:
enculé

Etymology
lit. 'done in the ass/arse'.

Noun

 * 1)  bugger, fuckwit, fucker, fuckhead, etc.
 * 2)  man, fellow, male friend
 * 3)  bottom man with a preference for being penetrated during homosexual intercourse
 * 1)  man, fellow, male friend
 * 2)  bottom man with a preference for being penetrated during homosexual intercourse
 * 1)  bottom man with a preference for being penetrated during homosexual intercourse
 * 1)  bottom man with a preference for being penetrated during homosexual intercourse

title: enculé


text:
conditionnellement

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) conditionally

title: conditionnellement


text:
conditionally

Adverb

 * 1) under specified conditions

Derived terms

 * conditionally convergent

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Galician: condicionalmente
 * Italian:
 * Latin: condiciōnāliter
 * Maltese: kundizzjonalment
 * Portuguese: condicionalmente
 * Spanish: condicionalmente

title: conditionally


text:
måla

Verb

 * 1) to paint

Verb

 * 1) to measure

Etymology 1
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, from.

Verb

 * 1) to paint

Verb

 * 1)  to score

title: måla


text:
abbagliante

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) dazzling

Noun

 * 1)  high-beam

title: abbagliante


text:
abbaglio

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  dazzlement
 * 2)  mistake, error, blunder
 * 1)  mistake, error, blunder

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  strong and continuous glare

title: abbaglio


text:
branler

Etymology
, from, a contracted form of , from , ultimately from , from. Compare.

The supposed intermediary form, 🇨🇬, also from, is unlikely given that the suffix had already fallen into disuse (i.e. was no longer productive) at the time of borrowing.

Verb

 * 1)  to shake
 * 2)  to touch (some work)
 * 3)  to do
 * 4)  to masturbate (another person)
 * 5)  to masturbate
 * 1)  to masturbate (another person)
 * 2)  to masturbate
 * 1)  to masturbate
 * 1)  to masturbate

title: branler


text:
branleur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  wanker

title: branleur


text:
abbandonato

Adjective

 * 1) abandoned
 * 2) deserted
 * 3) neglected
 * 4) relaxed

Noun

 * 1)  foundling, orphan

title: abbandonato


text: abbandonata

title: abbandonata


text:
abbassamento

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lowering
 * 2) reduction
 * 3) fall
 * 1) fall
 * 1) fall

title: abbassamento


text:
branlette

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  wank (act of masturbation)
 * 2)  hand job (sex act)

title: branlette


text:
meritocrat

Noun

 * 1) An advocate of meritocracy.
 * 2) A person who has authority allegedly based on ability.

title: meritocrat


text: arccoth

title: arccoth


text: arcsech

title: arcsech


text:
cotillon

Etymology
From + (alt.  + ).

Noun

 * 1)  petticoat
 * 2)  cotillion,
 * 3)  party novelties (e.g. paper hats, streamers etc.)

Noun

 * 1) small favour/favor

Noun

 * 1)  skirt

title: cotillon


text: Category:ja:Fish

title: Category:ja:Fish


text:
آزاد

Etymology
Probably from.

Adjective

 * 1) free

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) free
 * 2) independent
 * 3) unrestrained

Etymology
From, likely before the Ottoman Turkish era because the word is attested in other Turkic languages since the 11th century.

Adjective

 * 1) independent, unimpeded
 * 2) liberal
 * 3) free

Etymology
From, from , a northwestern borrowing from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Iranian borrowings.

Ultimately from the past participle of, from , originally meaning “born (into the clan)” and, by extension, “noble” and “free”.

Adjective

 * 1) independent, unimpeded
 * 2) liberal
 * 3) free
 * 4) loose

Adverb

 * 1) free
 * 2) loose

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) free
 * 2) unrestrained

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) free, independent
 * 2) liberated
 * 3)  safe
 * 4)  released, freed
 * 5)  self-governing, independent
 * 6) unrestrained
 * 7) progressive, liberal
 * 8)  universal

title: آزاد


text:
out of sight, out of mind

Proverb

 * 1) When something is not nearby, it is forgotten about.

Translations

 * Arabic: بَعِيد عَن اَلْعَيْن بَعِيد عَن اَلْقَلْب
 * Armenian: աչքից հեռու, սրտից դուրս
 * Catalan: d'allò que els ulls no veuen, el cor no se'n dol, lluny dels ulls, lluny del cor
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 眼不見，心不煩
 * Czech: sejde z očí, sejde z mysli
 * Danish: ude af øje, ude af sind, ude af syne, ude af sind
 * Dutch: uit het oog, uit het hart
 * Esperanto: for de l’ okuloj, for de la koro
 * Finnish: poissa silmistä, poissa mielestä
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: μάτια που δε βλέπονται, γρήγορα λησμονιούνται
 * Hebrew: רָחוֹק מֵהָעַיִן, רָחוֹק מֵהַלֵּב
 * Hungarian: ami nincs szem előtt, arról könnyen megfeledkezünk / … azt könnyen elfelejtjük / … azzal nem törődünk, mihelyt nem látjuk, (már) nem (is) gondolunk rá
 * Irish: seachnaíonn súil ní nach bhfeiceann
 * Italian: lontano dagli occhi, lontano dal cuore, occhio non vede, cuore non duole
 * Japanese: 去る者は日々に疎し
 * Kazakh: көзден кетсе, көңілден кетеді
 * Khmer: ឆ្ងាយកាយ ណាយចិត្ត
 * Latin: procul ex oculis, procul ex mente
 * Macedonian: далеку од очите, далеку од срцето
 * Persian: از دل برود هر آنکه از دیده برفت
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: longe dos olhos, longe do coração, o que os olhos não veem o coração não sente
 * Romanian: ochii care nu se văd se uită
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: fada bhon t-sùil, fada bhon chridhe, an rud nach cluinn cluas, cha gluais e cridhe
 * Slovak: zíde z očí, zíde z mysle
 * Spanish: ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente
 * Swedish: ur syn, ur sinn, syns det inte finns det inte
 * Thai: ไกลตาไกลใจ
 * Turkish: gözden ırak olan gönülden de ırak olur
 * Urdu: نظر سے دور، دل کے قریب
 * Yiddish: אויס די אויגן, אויס דעם האַרצן, דאַלי אָטשי, דאַלי סערדצע

title: out of sight, out of mind


text:
Wiktionary:About Old English

The aim of this page is to standardize the layout of Old English entries and explain the rationale behind that standardization, as well as add some general remarks on the treatment of Old English on Wiktionary.

Attestation and reconstruction
Wiktionary is a descriptive dictionary that aims to represent languages as they are used. For dead languages such as Old English, this means that only those terms that are attested in the original early medieval sources are allowed. For example, this means that terms like, being unattested, are not allowed - even if you might suspect that the pre-Christian Anglo-Saxons may have conceptualized the home of their gods in similar terms, that is not sufficient basis for addition to Wiktionary.

As for names or words that are attested only in running Latin text: the tendency on Wiktionary is to add these in the attested spelling as Latin terms (this does not apply to glosses, which are unambiguously OE to begin with). If there is a clear Old English etymology, however, the Latin term may serve as a basis for a reconstructed Old English entry. Currently there are no such entries for Old English, but compare.

Reconstructions are sometimes added, but only in some very specific cases, for example when it is clear from descendant terms in Middle or Modern English and cognates in other Germanic languages that the Old English term most likely existed. A good example of this is.

Standardization
The preference for a standard dialect for Wiktionary lemmas seems to currently be in favor of West Saxon, although there is not yet a consensus on this. Whatever the case may be, entries for all attested dialectal forms should be added, but to avoid duplication of information and entries with identical meanings requiring to be maintained separately it is usually a good idea to make all dialect entries soft redirects to one unified main entry (at a 'standard' form, suggested: West Saxon) using a template such as.

Diacritical marks
Although they appeared in a few late manuscripts, by and large the Anglo-Saxons did not use diacritical marks to distinguish between short and long vowels. Such marks are modern additions used in dictionaries and textbooks – that is why some editors use acute accents (´) and others use macrons (¯). Consequently, Old English entries here should be without diacritical marks in the page title. Within the entry itself, any necessary marks can and should be used with the word as given under the part-of-speech heading. The custom here is to use macrons for long vowels. In templates, both the macron and the dot above c and g to mark palatals will be displayed, but ignored for links, thus  will display as  but will link to [[cese]].

G and C
The Anglo-Saxons used the letter G for the hard sound as well as soft. Many modern editions distinguish between the two using diacritical marks. On Wiktionary this is normally done with a superscript dot (ġ); on some (older) entries a yogh (ȝ) is used. Do not create Old English page titles using yoghs! Contrary to what some people seem to think, the letter yogh did not exist until the Middle English period. In actual fact, the letter used by the Anglo-Saxons is called insular G, and for reference it looked like this: ᵹ. Although it is now in Unicode (because it's used in Irish phonetics), there is no point using it for OE entries, any more than using manuscript forms of R, S, and all the other letters which looked different back then. Again, these marks are not used in page titles and can be piped in for links: ġēar.

On similar lines, Old English C is used for both and. For distinction in piped links, a ċ can be used - again, this should not be used in page titles, only in head words.

Þ and Ð
These two letters (thorn and eth) were interchangeable in Old English. In common with virtually all Old English dictionaries and grammars, entries here are given with þ. There is no reason why entries using ð should not exist as well; there is a lot of work waiting for someone if they want to start creating entries for the alternative forms with eths (using on the eth-entry).

Wynn
Wynn was a character used by the Anglo-Saxons for ; it looks like this: ƿ. On Wiktionary, as of this vote, no separate entries are to be created using wynn spellings (not even hard redirects). Instead, (w) is to be used everywhere.

Typesetting
Many browsers’ default fonts render Old English diacritics and other special characters poorly. tags text as Old English, and applies script formatting to aid with this. It can be as a wrapper around Old English text:

 * 1) * c. 700, Beowulf:
 * Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena in geār-dagum,
 * þeod-cyninga, þrym gefrunon,
 * What! We [of] Gar-Danes(lit. spear-danes) in yore-days,
 * [of] people-kings, trim(glory) apried(have learned of by asking or "prying"),

 * 1) * c. 700, Beowulf:
 * Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena in geār-dagum,
 * þeod-cyninga, þrym gefrunon,
 * What! We [of] Gar-Danes(lit. spear-danes) in yore-days,
 * [of] people-kings, trim(glory) apried(have learned of by asking or "prying"),

Any template that requires a language code will apply the appropriate formatting to the text given to it automatically. This includes basic and widely used templates like, , , and so on. These templates also automatically strip macrons off vowels and dots off c and g, so it is not necessary to list the forms with and without diacritics separately. For example, renders as, which links to the diacritic-free [[gear]].

Adjectives

 * (for all adjectives)

Nouns, proper nouns

 * (for masculine a-stem nouns)
 * (for neuter a-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine ja-stem nouns)
 * (for neuter ja-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine wa-stem nouns)
 * (for neuter wa-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine ō-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine wō-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine i-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine i-stem nouns)
 * (for neuter i-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine u-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine u-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine n-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine n-stem nouns)
 * (for masculine consonant-stem nouns)
 * (for feminine consonant-stem nouns)
 * (for neuter z-stem nouns)
 * (for irregular nouns and nouns that don't fit into one of the above declensions, e.g. r-stem nouns)

Verbs

 * (for all verbs, including strong, weak, preterite-present and irregular verbs)

title: Wiktionary:About Old English


text:
don't put all your eggs in one basket

Proverb

 * 1) Do not dedicate all your resources to one project.
 * 2) Do not count on any one thing to safeguard what is valuable.

Usage notes
Its use in print has been traced to the novel "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes in the early 1600s.

Translations

 * French:
 * Polish: nie stawiaj wszystkiego na jedną kartę.
 * Russian: не клади все яйца в одну корзину
 * Spanish: no hay que poner todos los huevos en una sola canasta

title: don't put all your eggs in one basket


text:
forbidden fruit is the sweetest

Etymology
A reference to the story in the Bible in which God tells Adam and Eve not to eat the forbidden fruit, but they are tempted and do so anyway.

Proverb

 * 1) Forbidden things seem more appealing; people desire things more if (or, in some way, because) they can't have them.

Translations

 * Arabian: كُلُّ مَمْنُوعٍ مَرْغُوب
 * Burmese: ခိုးစားတဲ့ သစ်သီးက ပိုချိုတယ်
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 禁果分外甜
 * Czech: zakázané ovoce chutná nejlépe
 * Danish: forbuden frugt smager bedst
 * Finnish: kielletty hedelmä houkuttelee, kielletty hedelmä houkuttaa
 * French: le fruit défendu est celui qui a le meilleur goût
 * German: verbotene Früchte schmecken am besten, verbotene Früchte sind süß
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: il frutto proibito è il più saporito
 * Japanese: 禁断の木の実が一番甘い
 * Polish: zakazany owoc smakuje najlepiej, owoc zakazany jest najsłodszy
 * Portuguese: tudo que é proibido é mais gostoso
 * Russian: запре́тный плод сла́док
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: забрањено во̀ће је најслађе во̀ће
 * Roman: zabranjeno vòće je najslađe vòće
 * Spanish: la fruta prohibida es la más dulce
 * Swedish: förbjuden frukt är ljuv

title: forbidden fruit is the sweetest


text: you can't tell a book by its cover

title: you can't tell a book by its cover


text:
when in Rome

Etymology
An ellipsis of.

Usage notes

 * This shortened form is more common than the full form of the proverb.

title: when in Rome


text:
the pen is mightier than the sword

Etymology
This phrasing due to, 1839. The sentiment is traditional, and has many antecedents; see Wikipedia.

Proverb

 * 1)  More influence and power can be usurped by writing than by fighting.
 * 2) * 2011, Qazi Nasir Uddin, Ph.D., The Other Side, Author House (ISBN 9781452079509), page 108:
 * If my teachers had not told me that the pen is mightier than the sword, if my parents had not told me that I have to respect books, I would not have developed that respect for knowledge.
 * If my teachers had not told me that the pen is mightier than the sword, if my parents had not told me that I have to respect books, I would not have developed that respect for knowledge.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Burmese: ဓားသွားထက် ကလောင်သွားထက်
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: pennen er mægtigere end sværdet
 * Esperanto: plumo estas pli potenca ol spado
 * Estonian: sõna vägi on suurem kui sõjavägi
 * Finnish: kynä on miekkaa mahtavampi
 * French:
 * German: die Feder ist mächtiger als die Klinge
 * Greek: η γλώσσα κόκαλα δεν έχει μα κόκαλα τσακίζει
 * Italian: ne uccide più la penna della spada, la penna ferisce più della spada
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: cedant arma togae
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: pennen er mektigere enn sverdet
 * Nynorsk: pennen er mektigare enn sverdet
 * Portuguese: a pena é mais forte que a espada, a pena é mais forte do que a espada
 * Russian: что напи́сано перо́м, не вы́рубишь и топоро́м
 * Spanish: la pluma es más poderosa que la espada
 * Swedish: pennan är mäktigare än svärdet
 * Telugu: కత్తి కన్నా కలం మిన్న
 * Thai: ปากกาคมกว่าดาบ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese:

title: the pen is mightier than the sword


text:
practice makes perfect

Proverb

 * 1) If one practices an activity enough, one will eventually master it.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 熟能生巧
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: opakování matka moudrosti
 * Danish: øvelse gør mester
 * Dutch: oefening baart kunst
 * Esperanto: ekzercado lertigas
 * Estonian: harjutamine teeb meistriks
 * Finnish: harjoitus tekee mestarin
 * French: usage rend maître,
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: गाते गाते कला वंत हो जाते हैं
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Inari Sami: hárjehusat rahkada measttir
 * Italian: la pratica rende esperti; sbagliando s'impara, val più la pratica della grammatica
 * Japanese: 習うより慣れろ, 鏡は重磨によって輝く
 * Korean: 서당개 삼 년에 풍월 읇는다
 * Latin: repetītiō est māter studiōrum, fabricandō fit faber, exercitātiō artem parat
 * Malay: alah bisa, tegal biasa
 * Maltese: il-pratika tagħmlek perfett
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: øvelse gjør mester
 * Nynorsk: øving gjer meister
 * Persian: کار نیکو کردن از پر کردن است
 * Polish:, trening czyni mistrza
 * Portuguese: a prática faz a perfeição
 * Russian: повторе́ние мать уче́ния, у кого́ сноро́вка, тот рабо́тает ло́вко, на́вык ма́стера ста́вит, де́ло де́лу у́чит
 * Scottish Gaelic: is e an cleachdadh a nì teòma
 * Serbo-Croatian: вежба чини мајстора, vežba čini majstora
 * Spanish: la práctica hace al maestro, la práctica hace la perfección
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: అభ్యాసం కూసు విద్య
 * Urdu: گاتے گاتے کلاونت ہو جاتے ہیں
 * Vietnamese:

title: practice makes perfect


text:
bodger

Noun

 * 1) A woodworker in the traditional style characterised by the use of hand tools, a pole lathe and use of green timber.
 * 2) One who works in a rough and ready, slipshod manner.

Translations

 * Norwegian: bendreier

 * Catalan:, ,
 * French:
 * Polish:

 * Norman:

title: bodger


text:
beirnan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to run into/by
 * 2) to happen or occur
 * 3) to come into one's mind

title: beirnan


text:
lene

Etymology
Anglicisation of. .

Noun

 * 1)  The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis).
 * 2)  A voiceless, or unaspirated, stopped consonant, such as Greek pi, kappa, or tau.

Derived terms

 * dagesh lene

Etymology
, in substitution of the inherited form (attested 13th century) which is preserved in the adverbial phrase.

Adjective

 * 1)  mild, gentle, soft

Etymology 1
.

Adjective

 * 1) mild, gentle, soft
 * 2)  smooth
 * 3)  lenis
 * 1)  smooth
 * 2)  lenis

Etymology 1
From.

Adverb

 * 1) softly, gently

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to lean

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to lean

Etymology
. (The expected native form would be from .)

Adjective

 * 1) smooth, mild, gentle, soft

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Cf also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) laziness, sloth, idleness, indolence

Adjective

 * 1)  soft
 * 2)  sweet
 * 3)  light

title: lene


text:
fryse

Etymology
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to freeze

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to freeze (turn to ice; be very cold)

Verb

 * 1)  to freeze (e.g. food, in a freezer; freeze a moving image, prices etc.)

title: fryse


title: User:Hermitage17


text:
ærn

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) house, habitation

title: ærn


text: Monhegan

title: Monhegan


text:
nice guy

Noun

 * 1)  An inoffensive adult male who desires romantic companionship but who is too bland and uninspiring to be attractive.
 * 2) * 1999, The 'Nice Guy ' Syndrome, Self-Help Informational Resources, The Counseling Center for Human Development, The University of South Florida
 * The nice guy, they say, finishes last. But in romantic relationships, the nice guy often isn't even in the running. The nice guy may have expressed an interest in dating you[...]. The nice guy is the person who you trust and feel comfortable with, but don't see as "fun" or "challenging" or really all that "interesting," other than as a friend, of course.
 * 1) * 2005 September 18, "Dirty D.", Lost Romanticism and the Manwhore, DiaryLand, at uberfrau.diaryland.com
 * Nice guys are historically the grail of dating. As both Nora and I reminisced and compared how we were treated by the manwhore and by the nice guy, the manwhore always won out.
 * 1)  A man who pretends to be kind and polite with the goal of attracting women, often becoming hostile and misogynistic when their advances are rebuffed; someone affected by nice guy syndrome.
 * 1)  A man who pretends to be kind and polite with the goal of attracting women, often becoming hostile and misogynistic when their advances are rebuffed; someone affected by nice guy syndrome.

Translations

 * French:
 * Japanese: いい人

title: nice guy


text:
GSU

Noun

 * : a military unit not at the same physical location or base as its parent unit.

title: GSU


text:
sellan

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to give
 * , Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiii.
 * "ang"

- Rǣd bið ġif hē nimð mealan mid hire cīþum, sēoþe on wætere, sele drincan.

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
 * "ang"

- Ġef ðē þurh trēowa findon þā ðe þē findon, sile mē þā trēowa.

 * 1) * late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19
 * "ang"

- Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!

 * 1) to give up for money; betray
 * 2) * late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St.Alban, Martyr"
 * "ang"

- Eall swa þa unriht-wisan deman þe heora domas awendað, æfre be þam sceattum na be soðfæstnysse and habbað æfre to cepe heora soðfæstnysse, and swa hi sylfe syllað wið sceattum...

 * 1) to sell

title: sellan


text:
JSON

Proper noun

 * , a data format used to represent structured data. It is based on JavaScript syntax.

title: JSON


text:
oolite

Etymology
From, after.

Noun

 * 1)  A rock consisting of spherical grains within a mineral cortex accreted around a nucleus, often of quartz grains.
 * 2)  An ooid or oolith.
 * 1)  An ooid or oolith.

Translations

 * Finnish: ooliittinen mineraali
 * German: Oolith
 * Polish: oolit, ikrowiec
 * Spanish: oolito
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: ooliitti

 * French:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; oolith

title: oolite


text:
opalescence

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the state of being opalescent
 * 2)  the milky iridescent appearance of a dense transparent medium when it is illuminated by polychromatic visible radiation (such as sunlight) due to local fluctuations in its density and therefore in its refractive index

Etymology
From.

title: opalescence


text: Template:reflexive of

title: Template:reflexive of


text:
operations research

Noun

 * 1)  The application of scientific methods and techniques to problems of decision making, especially in business management and government administration.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: operaatioanalyysi
 * Hungarian:, műveletkutatás
 * Indonesian: riset operasi
 * Malay: penyelidikan kendalian
 * Russian:

title: operations research


text: lavarse

title: lavarse


text:
Talk:decamp

Would it be My Brother DecampS his friend?
 * No. It is an intransitive verb, and does not take an object (his friend).

title: Talk:decamp


text:
ophiolite

Noun

 * 1)  an assemblage of mafic and ultramafic rock fragments of the ocean lithosphere that has been tectonically moved onto a continental margin or island

Translations

 * Italian:

title: ophiolite


text:
opportunistic infection

Noun

 * 1)  Any infection that causes disease and occurs only when the host's immune system is impaired.

title: opportunistic infection


text:
feorh

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) life (one whose safety is questioned)
 * 2) * , Manuscript A, year 755
 * "ang"

- And hē his feorh ġenerede, and þēah hē wæs oft ġewundod.

 * 1) * c. 992, Ælfric, "The Deposition of St. Martin, Bishop"
 * "ang"

- Sum unġesċādwīs mann hine selfne āhēng and his feorh forlēt.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
 * "ang"

- Sæġde þæt hēo wǣre on bedde liċġendu and hire man fēores ne wēnde.

 * 1) * c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Innocents"
 * "ang"

- Sē enġel cwæþ tō Iōsēpe, "Þā sind forþfarene þe ymb þæs ċildes feorh sieredon."

 * 1) * c. 992, Ælfric, "The Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
 * "ang"

- Nero þā þā hē þæs folces ġeþeahte āscode wearþ tō fēore āfyrhted and mid flēame tō wuda ġetengde.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- On þām ġewinne ofslōg Antipater his mōdor, Cassandres lāfe, þēah þe hēo earmlīċe hire fēores tō him wilnode.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- On þām dæġe þe hīe feohtan sċoldon, him cōm ān swā miċel hǣtu and swā miċel þurst þæt hīe him heora fēores ne wēndon.

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius'
 * "ang"

- Iċ wāt þæt þū nāwht ne forslāwode þæt þū þīn āgen feorh for þīnne swēor ne sealde ġif þū hine ġesāwe on hwelcum earfoþum.

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius'
 * "ang"

- Ġif þū nū wǣre weġfērend and hæfde miċel gold on þē and þū þonne becōme on þēofsċole, þonne ne wēnde þū þē þīnes fēores.

 * 1) * c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
 * "ang"

- Hingwar sende þā sōna siþþan Ēadmunde cyninge bēotlīċ ǣrende: þæt hē ābūgan sċolde tō his manrǣdene ġif hē rōhte his fēores.

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's
 * "ang"

- Loth cwæþ tō þām engle, "Hēr is ān lȳtlu burg swīðe nēah þǣr iċ mæġ mīn feorh ġenerian. Hēo is ān lȳtlu, and þēah iċ mæġ þǣr on libban."

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius'
 * "ang"

- Þā Seneca þā onfunde þæt hē dēad bēon sċolde, þā bēad hē ealle his ǣhte wiþ his fēore. Þā nolde Nero þæs onfōn ne him his fēores ġeunnan.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- Rōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- Sē þe him ǣr ġeþūhte þæt nān sǣ wiþhabban ne meahte þæt hē hine mid sċipum and mid his fultume āfyllan ne meahte, hē wæs eft biddende ānes lȳtles troges æt ānum earmum menn þæt hē meahte his feorh ġenerian.

 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- Þā fēng Philippus tō Mæcedonia rīċe, and hit ealle hwīle on miċelum plēo and on miċelum earfoþum hæfde, þæt ǣġðer ġe him man ūtane of ōðrum lande on wann, ġe ēac þæt his āgen folc ymb his fēorh sierede, þæt him þā æt nīehstan lēofre wæs þæt hē ūte wunne þonne hē æt hām wǣre.

 * 1)  soul
 * 2)  living being, person

Usage notes

 * The astute learner with a knowledge of Finnish will be reminded of the Finnish word, which is similarly used of a life whose safety is questioned. Henkesi on vaarassa = Þīn feorh is on frēcennesse (“Your life is in danger”).

Declension
Rarely it occurs as masculine:

title: feorh


text:
chinga

Etymology
<

Pronoun

 * 1) exclusive we (i.e we and not you)

Noun

 * 1)  chewing gum
 * 2)  work

title: chinga


text:
optical flat

Noun

 * 1)  A disk of high-quality quartz glass having at least one side ground and polished with a deviation in flatness less than 50 nanometers all over, and a surface quality of 5 microfinish or less; used, in an interferometer, to measure the flatness of other surfaces.

title: optical flat


text:
gebannan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to order, command

title: gebannan


text:
User talk:Emrayfo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
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 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

title: User talk:Emrayfo


text:
folcstede

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  public place, meeting-place
 * 2)  battle-place, battle-field

title: folcstede


text:
flatness

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The state of being flat
 * 2) The state of being two-dimensional; planar : planarity
 * 3) The state of being bland : dullness
 * 4) Mattness, the quality of a painted surface which scatters or absorbs the light falling on it, so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen
 * 5)  Lack of bouquet and freshness of a wine, through too much aeration or infection with film yeasts
 * 6)  slim-tailedness or platykurticity
 * 1)  slim-tailedness or platykurticity

Derived terms

 * noetic flatness

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * German: Flachheit
 * Ottoman Turkish: دوزلك
 * Spanish: planicidad

 * Bulgarian: планарност
 * French: ,
 * German: Ebenheit
 * Spanish: planaridad

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Spanish: matidez

 * French: goût de l’évent

title: flatness


text:
Norah

Proper noun

 * , a pseudo-Hebrew spelling of Nora, diminutive of Eleonora or Honora.

title: Norah


text:
surface quality

Noun

 * 1) A numerical description of the flatness or roughness of a surface, especially an optical or machined surface.

title: surface quality


text:
microfinish

Noun

 * 1) a positive integer used as a measure of the smoothness of any surface; higher numbers indicate rougher surfaces
 * 2) * 1995 U.S. international Trade Commission - Certain Portable On-Car Disc Brake Lathes
 * One cut is required and the microfinish will be somewhere in the range of 23 microns which is better than any other lathe on the market.

title: microfinish


text:
Talk:highway

where does the term highway come from?

 * See etymology at highway. —Stephen 18:17, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Translations
Two meanings are given for "highway." The translations, however, are not sorted by sense. They should be sorted. --24.62.234.209 19:39, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

National differences?
I always felt that highway had different connotations in North America. Here (UK) it's potentially dated ("highway robbery" in the days of horse-drawn carriages), and the high-speed roads are motorways, but then it does occur in legalistic contexts like the "Highway Code" that new drivers must learn. Is it different in the US etc.? Equinox ◑ 02:12, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Highway is a common, everyday word in the United States. What you refer to as motorways would be simply called highways where I live.
 * Granted, in my neck of the woods, we don't use "freeway" for any of our roads (as far as I know, anyway. I have never heard anyone call any of our roads "freeways"). So perhaps in parts of the United States that do use the term "freeway", "highway" may not be used as much. I don't know. Ask, I think that he lives in California, where "freeways" are a big thing. Tharthan (talk) 01:24, 11 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the M25 is a motorway. Saying "the M25 is a highway" sounds really funny. I'll take it to the Tea Room I suppose. Equinox ◑ 14:03, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * In LA, a highway is a major road outside the city. A freeway is a major road in the city that has only on-ramps and off-ramps- no intersections. The only thing free about it is that that it's not a toll road. Also, we have the sense of roads that are part of the state or federal highway systems and are designated with a number. Then there are oddities like Imperial Highway, which is just a city street, and certain city streets that also happen to be numbered state highways (though we don't refer to them by number). Route 66 is more of a historical oddity, since it predates the federal interstate highway system.
 * I live near the intersection of the Ventura Freeway (Highway 101) and the San Diego Freeway (Highway 405). The numbered highways and the freeways overlap, but aren't the same thing: the Ventura Freeway starts out as Highway 134 and Highway 101 starts out as the Hollywood Freeway until the Hollywood Freeway intersects with it, at which point the Ventura Freeway becomes Highway 101 and the Hollywood Freeway continues north as Highway 70. Of course, we usually just say "the 101" or "the 405". If I were giving directions from downtown, I would say "take the 101 to the 405 and get off at Victory, then take Victory...". It's very complicated, but it's so second-nature that we don't really think about it. It's very easy to tell if someone is from out of town by how they give directions- we sort of have our own language for that. Chuck Entz (talk) 15:41, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

 * My favourite kind of usage note is the one that lets me stalk you. Equinox ◑ 15:45, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * The usage in Canada is very similar to what Chuck Entz describes, except for the use of "freeway", which is not a word in my everyday vocabulary. It might be more common in more metropolitan areas like Toronto, but in Western Canada, even where we have the equivalent of freeways, they're just called highways. We also don't have toll roads here in the Prairies, so that's probably part of the reason "freeway" isn't used here. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 20:11, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Let me add that I don't even own or operate a vehicle (I never learned to drive; in the UK you can do pretty well with just the bus and rail service, because it's a small country). Given the above, I think that a usage note might be in order. Equinox ◑ 20:15, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Especially given that regional differences are rife for this concept even on an infranational level. Usage notes are definitely in order. Tharthan (talk) 16:25, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:highway


text:
Talk:liminocentric

Some background information and use verification for the term liminocentric:

I recently came across the relatively new word ‘liminocentric’, which has appeared in a couple of obscure books and online papers, and is in usage across various internet discussion forums, but does not yet appear in any dictionary (that is, before Wiktionary!). It is an interesting word getting some interesting usage, and I have come across it in a variety of places and applied to different topics, thereby displaying evidence of usage broadening beyond its original application, but keeping the same meaning. As such, I think a liminocentric entry will be a good addition to Wiktionary.

I am currently preparing a separate Wikipedia article pulling together the various context usages and fleshing it out conceptually. This article will provide a lot more detail than I can provide here.

In brief:
 * Psychologist John Fudjack created the word liminocentric in a 1995 paper entitled, ‘Liminocentric Forms of Social Organization’.

 * Political theorist Andrew Dinkelaker wrote a 1997 book entitled, The New Frontier in Democratic Theory and Practice: Organizational Forms that Simultaneously Optimize Autonomy & Community, where he depicted the political science concept of participatory democracy as a liminocentric form. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill includes the work in one of its course reading lists, as does Kent State University Library.

 * The 2001 book Nothing: Exploring Invisibilities, by Graham Gussin and Ele Carpenter (Eds) includes a chapter by Charles Esche (director of the Rooseum Center for Contemporary Art, Malmö and editor of Afterall Journal) titled ‘From David Hunter to Zero All is God’ that uses the word liminocentric a couple of times in relation to the "structure of reality".

 * A November 2005 UK conceptual digital art installation called Kernel Panic included an interactive performance piece exploring liminocentric structures. See: http://www.tempcontemp.co.uk/kernel.html

Liminocentric also appears in a variety of internet discussion forums and blogs (covering topics from physics to religion to sport). For example, the following sports blog employs a rhetorical usage of the term: http://crackheadfe.blogspot.com/2005/11/thoughts-and-dreams.html

Emrayfo 16:33, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have cleaned this up and removed a lot of your stuff - sorry, but I just couldn't understand it. I hope I have grasped the general idea with the examples I've used - let me know if that sums it up.  Widsith 16:55, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Response to edits by Widsith, and suggested changes
Hi Widsith,

Thanks for your contribution. Especially thanks for providing the guide to pronunciation - I had no idea how to do that correctly. I do have some comments on your changes that I will address below. I would prefer to come to some agreement with you and with SemperBlotto before I just make some more changes of my own on the page.

Chronology of changes: I actually had already complied with the latest clean-up request from SemperBlotto when you made your 'cleanup' attempt - I didn't remove the rfc at the time because I wanted SemperBlotto to check it for himself. (A similar story with the rfv. I perhaps did things in the slightly wrong order for that one. I removed SemperBlotto's rfv, and then placed some references on the talk page for verifcation purposes - but there was a good lag before they went up. So I think that SempberBlotto had a quick look at the entry, saw that I hadn't added any verifcation (yet), and replaced the rfv. So my fault there.)

But back to the rfc. SemperBlotto's last clean-up comment was that I had identified liminocentric as an adjective, but had supplied definitions that seemed to cater more to a noun. So I reviewed several adjective definitions on Wiktionary and then adjusted my definitions accordingly. I didn't remove the cleanup request, and I think it was that request that you were responding to, though changes had already occurred to rectify the issue of the criticism.

Definition as adjusted by Widsith:

 * "1. having an edge or border which is simultaneously a centre, or which is indistinguishable from an internal area (e.g. a torus).
 * Fractal geography is concerned with liminocentric patterns.

 * 2. having unclear borders or edges; self-referential.
 * James Joyce's Finnegans Wake has a certain liminocentric pretentiousness.
 * Like a recursive set of Chinese Boxes, this thesis postulates a liminocentric chain of cause and effect."

I like how you have incorporated the examples under each relevant definition line. This is a good idea.

I understand how the original definitions I put up may not have been clear enough for you, so I have phrased my more specific comments to your changes with that in mind. My only goal is to try to get as accurate and clear a definition and usage examples as possible.

The general meaning of the word is reasonably clear from the etymology - somthing simultaneously displaying both liminal and -centric characteristics. What is trickier to pin down is the intention of usage by those that have used it in some kind of technical sense. So based on my searches for usage and context I feel I have developed a good sense of the word, and what its users intend.

Specific comments are as follows:

 * The word ‘patterns’ is incorrect in your first example usage phrase because it indicates the wrong relationship. 'Liminocentric' pertains to a configuration or structure as a whole. There are no liminocentric patterns (There are however fractal patterns, but the idea of patterns is not relevant here). A sufficiently well-developed complex fractal phenomenon would (taken in total), display a liminocentric relationship between its extremes.

 * I also disagree with the ‘comparative’ and ‘superlative’ classes of usage you included, as these do not hold for the term. Something either displays liminocentric characteristics or it does not. It is like saying one triangle is more triangular than another triangle. It is not logically possible.

 * In the second definition, I think the use of ‘self-referential’ is not precise enough, and would lead readers to think of other concepts associated with ideas of ‘the self-referential’ that are far removed from what is being described when you call something liminocentric. Similarly, saying ‘unclear borders or edges’ indicates fuzziness, which is the wrong image to draw.

 * Related to the above point, whereas Finnegan’s Wake may have a hypertextual quality and elements of self-reference, its structure is not liminocentric. Following from your lead, though, I do have a suggested literary example: Vikram Chandra’s prize-winning novel ‘Red Earth and Pouring Rain’ of 1995 (Winner of the Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Published Book and the David Higham Prize for Fiction).

Given my comments, I suggest the following refined definitions and usage examples:

liminocentric

 * 1. having an edge or border which is simultaneously a centre, or internal areas that are indistinguishable from boundary areas;
 * -The torus is a liminocentric composition.

 * 2. describes an indentity between the very small and very large such that both are equivalent, or cannot be differentiated;
 * -According to some versions of string theory, the universe displays a fractal-like identity between its scale extremities (the astronomically large and subatomically small) indicating a liminocentric structure.
 * -Fractal geometry can be described as the geometry of liminocentric configurations.

 * 3. an arrangement where a central element simultaneously encompasses the external elements while remaining located within them.
 * -Her analysis proposes a liminocentric chain of cause and effect, like a recursive set of Chinese boxes.
 * -Vikram Chandra’s novel, ‘Red Earth and Pouring Rain’, is liminocentrically structured. It comprises a non-linear narrative made of stories within stories which provide an elaborate system of nested framing devices.

I welcome your comments/thoughts. Emrayfo 11:44, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Finnegans Wake is liminocentric by your definitions, since it has no beginning or end and loops round on itself continuously. Also, while I note your suggested changes, the best way to get them accepted is to provide citations.  That way we can all assess how this word is actually being used.  You mentioned some books above: can you track these down and provide quotations?  That is the only way to have this word pass the RfV process.  Widsith 08:16, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Some citations for Liminocentric
Citations:

 * From a September 1999 paper, ‘The Structure of Consciousness: Liminocentricity, Enantiodromia, and Personality’, by John Fudjack. The topic is the psychology of consciousness, and gives a utility comparison between common psychological models of personality (e.g. Myers-Briggs; Enneagram) for satisfying a range of attributes (http://tap3x.net/EMBTI/j6structures.html ).

 * Here is a lengthy quote:
 * "...When, like the figure immediately above, a structure is fractal with respect only to the highest and lowest levels – fractal at its two extremities – we may say that it thus resembles what we have been calling a 'liminocentric' structure. It is (relatively) 'indistinguishable' at its highest and lowest levels of organization.

 * ...This kind of arrangement – the looped series of nested-frames that we are calling a 'liminocentric' structure – has cropped up in various fields, where it has proven itself to be a useful model. The following diagram, for example, was used by Richard Schenchner, a Professor of Performance Studies at NYU, in his book Between Theatre & Anthropology. Schenchner was trying to illustrate the fascinating 'suspension of disbelief' that characteristically takes place in theatre and performance art, in which there is an 'agreement to let the smaller frame AB become the larger frame AB'. The resulting nested frames thereby assume what we would call a liminocentric arrangement..."

 * In a February 2000 paper, titled ‘About-Face Again: The Butt-head's Prominence In Modern Art’, a paper focusing on Picasso, and largely about the relationship between art and personality type, Fudjack says:
 * "In ‘Escher's Liminocentric Eye’ we've shown how Escher in at least one painting created a warped pictoral space that has an obvious liminocentric structure. The picture's outermost frame is represented as also appearing at the center of its own innermost recesses. As we mentioned in that paper, in the kind of structure that we call liminocentric, contextual 'levels' of organization are permitted to cross in a way that offends the principle that some philosophers would invoke as the quintessence of logic - that what is 'contained' cannot itself contain its own 'container', to paraphrase what they would say on the subject."

 * Andrew Dinkelaker’s 1997 book, The New Frontier in Democratic Theory and Practice: Organizational Forms that Simultaneously Optimize Autonomy & Community depicts participatory democracy as a liminocentric form of social organisation; that is, a form which "simultaneously optimises individual autonomy and social cohesion". Dinkelaker argues that the biggest obstacle "to the realisation of democracy and ‘liminocentric’ society is the fact that we currently live almost exclusive within [what we can categorise as] Quadrant Three organizational forms" (p.96).  The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill includes Dinkelaker’s work in one of its politics course reading lists (http://www.unc.edu/courses/2006spring/sowo/239/957/ ), as does the Kent State University Library (Staughton Lynd Collection of Labor-related literature).
 * The following is a quote from Dinkelaker’s book, under the section-heading ‘Democracy as Limino-Centric Society’ (p.93):
 * "...It has been suggested that forms of social organization exist in which liminality (communitas) is contained within a comparatively minimalist structure proscribed by the principles of democracy. The term that has been used for this idea is ‘liminocentric’. It is interesting to note that Turner himself came very close to this idea."

 * The 2001 book Nothing: Exploring Invisibilities, edited by Graham Gussin and Ele Carpenter, includes a chapter by Charles Esche (director of the Rooseum Centre for Contemporary Art, Malmö and editor of the Afterall Journal) titled ‘From David Hunter to Zero All is God’. It was reviewed in The Guardian newspaper (UK) (April 2001); and in the arts journals The Art Newspaper (May 2001) and The Art Book (January 2002).
 * Esche uses the word liminocentric in relation to artistic responses to the "structure of reality". He discusses the relationship between a) artistic representations and interpretations of reality (especially those which may describe aspects of reality not available to normal sensory perception) and b) what science is now positing may constitute the underlying reality, noting that some cutting edge theories in physics indicate that:
 * "the reality in which we live as humans has a ‘liminocentric structure'". ( p.154)
 * Another citation from Esche’s essay is:
 * "In `fractal geometry' (which we might call the ‘geometry of liminocentric structures') one is permitted fractional dimensions." (p.155)

 * From the online programme to a November 2005 UK-based art installation and performance event called Kernel Panic (http://www.tempcontemp.co.uk/kernel.html):
 * "...[Daedalus will be creating a] durational performance on opening night exploring 'liminocentric' structures... ...Daedalus will be making a large systematised image installation, a collaboration generated by audience participation. The exhibition mode itself seeks to break down the edges of what constitutes a social or hierarchical space, both in its creation and in its use."

Emrayfo 09:45, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Great work. I have added these to a Citations page and will have a look at them to try and refine the definitions we give. I have looked at your comments and they are very helpful. However I'm not sure there are really three separate senses of this word as you suggest; they all seem to be using the word in more or less the same way, so perhaps it would be helpful to try and somehow combine them - anyway, we have the material now to do that if we want, so thanks! I've removed the RFV tag as well. Widsith 10:05, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Three senses or One...? Thanks Widsith. And thanks for the feedback on my comments.

I know what you mean about there being one real sense of the word (and kinda agree), but I find there may be a contextual basis for acknowledging that the types of liminocentricity being evoked can be subtly different, and this should be provided for in our definitions. I think it comes down to the types of relational attributes inherent in the relationships being represented. I’ll try to briefly sketch them out below as I’ve come across them.

 * The first context is the most general, and is what I have attempted to cover with my proposed definition No.1 above. I tried to craft this as the most general ‘cover-all’ definition. I think it captures the shifting or ambiguous nature of the identity between what may at any one time constitute the ‘centre’ or ‘extremity’. I concede that my proposed definition No.3 may seem close to No.1, covering largely similar situations. As such there may be scope for combining Nos. 1 & 3, if you feel this is necessary.

 * The second context is that of a kind of super symmetry (e.g. as evoked by some types of fractal arrangements, taken in their totality). This context has more of a specifically scaled aspect to it rather than the more spatial aspect to No.1. My proposed definition No.2 is therefore meant to cover this particular type of usage, e.g. for configurations that may be fractal at their extremes but not within the intervening levels (Brian Greene’s book The Elegant Universe discussed this unusual super symmetry).

 * Finally, my proposed definition No.3 is meant to cover the context where the liminocentric arrangement being evoked is a more holographic one (i.e. where a part seems to contain the whole). I think it is in this third context where the apparent spatial paradox is strongest. The most common illustration is the Chinese boxes example where, instead of completing the series of nested containers at the last and smallest box, the innermost box is actually also the outermost box; i.e. that which is contained is also the container. This is qualitatively different to the No.2 context above. The No.3 scenario has been used by Fudjack to evoke the ambiguous and shifting relationship between context and content which constitute the frames of reference drawn upon in conscious thinking. It is also the type of relational dynamic referred to in the Fudjack citation above, where he references Richard Schenchner and his work on theatre and the ‘suspension of disbelief’. ((BTW – looking over it again I would be happy not to include the ‘Red Earth Pouring Rain’ usage example for No.3. as it perhaps requires more explanation than it provides. The Chinese boxes analogy is probably sufficient.))

I can see a certain overlap between my proposed definition No.3 and No.1, but I think that as No.3 attempts to represent a quite particular usage it deserves its own entry. Likewise, I think the the overall liminocentric entry needs a generalist definition to start with at No.1, and one that will be more broadly applicable to a range of situations. Re: Finnegans Wake Now that I have thought about it some more I can agree with you that FW has some structural characteristics that are liminocentric, but I would like to tweak the summation you provided of what these are. You said FW was liminocentric “since it has no beginning or end and loops round on itself continuously”. This perhaps is close, but doesn’t quite pinpoint it, though it did get me thinking. I do not want us to confuse one thing for another. The concepts of the recursive and the cyclical are already adequate to describe those attributes of the work that you highlighted.

First the 'no beginning or end' aspect. Liminocentric does not mean 'forever' or 'repeating'. The Chinese boxes of the eponymous example inhabit a kind of recursiveness because the innermost box is also the outermost, not because you return to the top and restart your unpacking of the boxes. We’re talking spatial coincidence not temporal recurrence. And so the meaning of 'no beginning or end' is different to saying 'an interchangeable beginning or end'.

Similarly for 'loops round continuously'. FW’s cyclical structure, per se, does not make the novel liminocentric. Rather it’s liminocentric because the ‘middle’, ‘end’ and ‘beginning’ of the book are completely interchangeable, and there is no way to distinguish between them or favour one section over another to perform one of these roles (so long as the reader maintains the narrative’s ‘arrow of time’ in a consistent direction – this is not a ‘Choose Your Own Adventure’!). This potential for interchange is made possible by Joyce because of the cyclical structure the narrative inhabits, but it is a completely separate attribute of the narrative. Being cyclical is not in itself liminocentric and Joyce could have written FW as a circular narrative without this interchange potential. There exist in the world of fiction other cyclical narratives, but they do not necessarily have liminocentric attributes. Whereas having a middle that is simultaneously an end or a beginning, and vice versa, is liminocentric.

((As a final aside, my subjective observation would be that Joyce’s FW exhibits a manifestation of liminocentricity as described by proposed definition No.1 whereas the nested structure of Chandra’s REPR is better described by proposed definition No.3.))

Sorry for my digression there on FW, I got a bit carried away, but you raised such an interesting point I had to get my head around it. Cheers! Emrayfo 12:11, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

RFC discussion: November 2007–December 2010
Quotations are too long (and old format). DAVilla 05:24, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Has since been fixed. — Beobach 01:28, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:liminocentric


text: cranberries

title: cranberries


text:
heahweg

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) main road, road between towns

title: heahweg


text:
王國

Noun

 * 1) kingdom; realm

Descendants
Others:

title: 王國


text:
limpan

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to happen, occur
 * 2) to happen to (someone); befall
 * 3) to affect, concern

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to occur, to happen

title: limpan


text:
User talk:TopAce~enwiktionary

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie T C 17:18, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Definitions
Definitions need to be of the same "type" as the headword. So, as traducibile is an adjective, the definition cannot be "something" - that would be a noun. Also, it's ===See also=== not ==See also== - we only use level two headings for languages. SemperBlotto 19:26, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Roger, roger - TopAce 19:28, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Reverting
Good work on reverting vandalism. We might have to make you a sysop in a few months. SemperBlotto 19:37, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you, but I think I am too new and ignorant to be a sysop, not to mention I do not browse wiktionary so often. - TopAce 19:38, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

pianisto
Oops! It is pianista, male or female. SemperBlotto 09:24, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I just looked it up, it sounded weird to me, too, but I made the article anyway. Don't ask why I didn't look it up before making the article - TopAce 09:45, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

ruota
We have a few templates for Italian nouns and several for verb conjugations. They all start "it-" so you can find them from "Special pages" => "All pages". SemperBlotto 16:23, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Good stuff, it looks a little bit hard to learn, but I'll manage. Thank you. - TopAce 18:15, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called TopAce. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name TopAce~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:20, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:33, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TopAce~enwiktionary


text: Template:present participle of

title: Template:present participle of


text:
spraying

Noun

 * 1) The act by which something is sprayed.
 * The parched lawn needed several sprayings before the grass looked green again.

title: spraying


text:
beot

Etymology
From, from ; see below.

Noun

 * 1)  A boast or threat; boastful speech.
 * 2)  Boastfulness.

Etymology
From earlier, second element cognate with 🇨🇬 with very similar semantics.

Noun

 * 1) promise, vow, boast
 * 2) threat, danger

title: beot


text:
Talk:right angle

What is a bisect? We define it as an envelope with half a stamp on it. Widsith 17:52, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

right angle

 * Keep; set phrase, where right has several possible meanings. --EncycloPetey 03:11, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Maybe a set phrase, but let's not get into the other thing. If we include every phrase where components have more than one meaning, then we'll be defining black dog, just plain ornery, and justice hailed for years of service. —Michael Z. 2010-04-10 06:01 z
 * I didn't mean to imply cause; I simply noted two things about the term proposed for deletion. We've used this pair of rationales before, so I'm surprised you weren't familiar with them.  In any case "black dog" is not a set phrase, so I don't see why you're tossing it into traffic. --EncycloPetey 06:33, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Keep. --Dan Polansky 10:05, 10 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:10, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Weak keep. In current usage, a sentence like "that angle is right" is scarcely intelligible as meaning "that angle is a right angle". Indeed, gets many more hits, especially recent hits, than, . —Ruakh TALK 14:42, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Weak keep per Ruakh. Note that prime number, which I nominated for deletion a while back and still think should be deleted (but it was kept) is not like this: "n is prime" is common. But "N is right" is not, in my experience. —msh210℠ 22:27, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

See citations:right. —Michael Z. 2010-04-13 17:13 z
 * Since that definition of right has failed RFV, and also the consensus here, kept. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:21, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:right angle


text:
sinc

Noun

 * 1) zinc

Etymology
Likely related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) moral, morality
 * 2) silverberry

Noun

 * 1)  treasure

Noun

 * 1) zinc

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) sink, basin

Etymology 2
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) zinc

title: sinc


text:
ГАИ

Proper noun

 * : State Vehicle Inspection (State Patrol), road/traffic police

title: ГАИ


text:
из-за

Etymology
From. Compare Polish.

Preposition

 * 1)  (behind)

Usage notes

 * The preposition, из-за in the sense of "stating the cause", has a negative connotation pertaining to the noun in question. This is opposite to the preposition,, that has a positive connotation.
 * The preposition из-за in the sense of "stating the cause" has a similar connotation with the prepositions (with a dative noun). However, each of them has a different sense. For example:
 * (The traffic jam was the cause of Aaron being late. But he was fully aware that the traffic jam is the cause. He actually experienced the traffic jam and he could blame it for his tardiness.)
 * (The distraction was the cause of Aaron being late. But he was not fully aware that the distraction is the cause. His situation was as if the distraction itself actively influenced him to become late, but he didn't notice the distraction that well.)
 * (The distraction was the cause of Aaron being late. But he was not fully aware that the distraction is the cause. His situation was as if the distraction itself actively influenced him to become late, but he didn't notice the distraction that well.)
 * (The distraction was the cause of Aaron being late. But he was not fully aware that the distraction is the cause. His situation was as if the distraction itself actively influenced him to become late, but he didn't notice the distraction that well.)

title: из-за


text:
spadochron

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) parachute

title: spadochron


text:
lactol

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1)  any cyclic hemiacetal formed by the intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to a carbonyl group

title: lactol


text:
ఫిబ్రవరి

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) February Gregorian Calendar month

title: ఫిబ్రవరి


text:
Rhymes:English/ækə

Pronunciation
-ăkə, /-ækə/, /-{k@/

Two syllables

 * akka
 * bacca, baccah
 * Çaka, Saca, Saka
 * Dacca, Dhaka
 * dacca, dacka, daka, dakka
 * haka (one pronunciation)
 * Hakka
 * Macca, Macca
 * macca
 * paca
 * Tacca
 * yacca, yacka, yakka

Three syllables

 * alpaca
 * Chewbacca
 * kanacka, kanaka (Australian pronunciation)
 * karaka, kuraka
 * Malacca, Melaka
 * maraca, maracca
 * polacca
 * sifaka

Four syllables

 * Phytolacca
 * portulaca

Five syllables

 * asarabacca
 * Strait of Malacca

title: Rhymes:English/ækə


text:
homem

Etymology
From, from earlier , from Iberian , from , accusative of , from , from.

Etymology
From, from earlier , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  male human of masculine gender
 * 2)   man adult male human
 * 3)  a person; a human being
 * 4)   mankind the human race in its entirety
 * 5)  male lover
 * 6)   a being who is half man and half creature, or a man with some characteristics of a creature
 * 1)  male lover
 * 2)   a being who is half man and half creature, or a man with some characteristics of a creature
 * 1)  male lover
 * 2)   a being who is half man and half creature, or a man with some characteristics of a creature
 * 1)   a being who is half man and half creature, or a man with some characteristics of a creature

Usage notes

 * The letter H may be capitalized to emphasize the mankind sense.

Derived terms

 * homem ao mar!
 * homem ao mar!
 * homem ao mar!
 * homem ao mar!

Adjective

 * 1)  manly displaying stereotypical characteristics of a male

title: homem


text:
Macca

Noun

 * 1)  A McDonald′s restaurant.
 * 2)  Macquarie Island; used chiefly by people who have visited the island.
 * , a tribal grouping of the Oromo people.

title: Macca


text:
кумкват

Noun

 * 1) kumquat (fruit)

Noun

 * 1) kumquat

title: кумкват


text:
quinoto

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) kumquat

title: quinoto


text:
ленточная пила

Noun

 * 1) band saw

title: ленточная пила


text:
электроника

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  electronics

Noun

 * 1) electronics

title: электроника


text:
Saor Alba

Phrase

 * 1) Free Scotland; an independence motto.

title: Saor Alba


text:
User talk:Translationman

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie T C 19:43, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

thank you Translationman 19:43, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Your welcome. And thank you.  Keep them coming!  --Connel MacKenzie T C 19:48, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Artist names
Are you sure that Wyclef and Shakira are actual given names, as opposed to artist names? If the latter is the case, I don't think they belong at Wiktionary. Paul Willocx 20:05, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

not sure

title: User talk:Translationman


text: оборотни

title: оборотни


text:
rugburn

Noun

 * 1)  A painful burn or redness of skin, especially on knees, elbows, and hands, from repetitive friction against a rug or similar surface.
 * 2)  Rugburns in general.
 * 1)  Rugburns in general.
 * 1)  Rugburns in general.

Verb

 * 1)  To cause a rugburn to form.

title: rugburn


text:
siek

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from the verb , from.

Adjective

 * 1) sick, unwell

title: siek


text:
melankolisk

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) melancholic

title: melankolisk


text: Template:User cmn-0

title: Template:User cmn-0


text:
User:Kitsumiti~enwiktionary

Hello I am also from Wikipedia.org. I like to become an Admin.

title: User:Kitsumiti~enwiktionary


text:
grésiller

Verb

 * 1)  to crackle
 * 2)  to sizzle
 * 3)  to sleet

title: grésiller


text:
frizzle

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬,. More at.

Verb

 * 1)  To fry something until crisp and curled.
 * 2)  To scorch.
 * 3)  To fry noisily, sizzle.
 * 4)  To curl or crisp, as hair; to frizz; to crinkle.
 * 1)  To fry noisily, sizzle.
 * 2)  To curl or crisp, as hair; to frizz; to crinkle.
 * 1)  To curl or crisp, as hair; to frizz; to crinkle.

Noun

 * 1) A curl; a lock of hair crisped.

title: frizzle


text:
rizado

Adjective

 * 1) curly
 * 2) ripply
 * 3) corrugated, wrinkled

Noun

 * 1) curliness, curls
 * 2)  shirring

title: rizado


text:
квакеры

Noun

 * 1) ; Quakers

title: квакеры


text:
Talk:grésiller

Um? Are you sure this is a word in English, and not just a French verb?

http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/gr%C3%A9siller Paul Willocx 20:20, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:grésiller


text:
Quäker

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Quaker

title: Quäker


text:
апостол

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) apostle

Etymology
, from, from , from and.

Noun

 * 1) apostle

Noun

 * 1) apostle

Etymology
, from, from , from and.

Noun

 * 1) Apostle
 * 2) apostle

title: апостол


text:
Category talk:Conjugation and declension templates/Inflection, conjugation, and declension template names

Inflection, conjugation, and declension template names
Category:Inflection templates are used immediately after the POS header to show the headword and a brief summary of its key forms. Most are named with the language code, a dash, the part of speech, and the inflection class (e.g. )), but some also include "infl" (e.g. ).

Most Category:Conjugation and declension templates contain "-conj-" or "-decl-" in their names and are used in a separate section to show a table of the headword's various forms.

Unfortunately, some templates (e.g., , and ) blur the separation of the two template types by having inflection-template-like names but displaying as a declension table.

For consistency, I propose the following naming conventions for inflection, conjugation, and declension templates:
 * Inflection templates are named with the language code, followed by a dash and the part of speech, followed optionally by a dash and the inflection class.
 * Examples: ,
 * Conjugation templates are named with the language code, followed by "-conj-", followed by the conjugation class.
 * Examples: and
 * Declension templates are named with the language code, followed by "-decl-", followed by the declension class.
 * Examples: and  after their language code.

For yet more consistency, I hope we can decide whether the inflection line should consistently display as a table (like ) or like a traditional dictionary inflection line (like ). I expect that issue has been discussed at length to no resolution. If we have agreed to disagree regarding the traditional/table style for inflection lines, I propose we use CSS magic to allow users to choose whether they want to see tables. How does that sound? Rod (A. Smith) 19:33, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Fine, but is an inflection template, for usage on the inflection line. —Vildricianus 19:51, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Great. I was confused because it displays a declension table. I suggest moving the declension table from it into, which would display in its own "Declension" section to match the format of languages with large declension and conjugation tables. I'd be quite happy to do the work, but I think I need approval before I start splitting up templates like that. Does that sound OK to you? Rod (A. Smith) 20:51, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I see you're meaning to introduce more uniformity across languages. I can only encourage that :-). I thought the table to the right of the inflection line was pretty nice, but it's probably equally nice in its own section. —Vildricianus 00:13, 28 May 2006 (UTC)


text:
Template talk:nl-noun

 * Category talk:Conjugation and declension templates/Inflection, conjugation, and declension template names

Redundant parameters
Currently the template accepts a whole list of mostly overlapping parameters. For example, you can specify the plural form using either, or. And similarly for the diminutives and diminutive plurals. Wouldn't it make more sense, in simplifying not only the coding in the template, but also the usage, to have just one way to specify each of these? for the plural, for the second plural,  for the diminutive,  for the second diminutive, and so on? --CodeCat 19:09, 13 July 2009 (UTC)
 * If the inflection templates were all consistent across Wiktionary, then maybe so. For those peole who edit in multiple languages, some of the additional parameters are helpful.  I edit in both English and Spanish, and somtimes have trouble remembering how to enter the plural form for Spanish because it's not like other languages.  I think that  could be discarded, but  and  should both be kept as alternatives for the sanity of editors.  While  is easier for those who edit only Dutch,  is easier to remember for people who work in multiple languages.  --EncycloPetey 19:17, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

no plural but diminutive exists
Hi guys, I have noticed that when you specify * for the plural parameter, it ignores the diminutive parameter as well, which is strange because not having a plural is not equivalent to not having a diminutive. What I want to see is when you also specify a dim parameter (either named or unnamed), it should be displayed regardless of the value in the plural parameter. However, since there is no plural, the diminutive should not have a plural either. In addition, in the quickguide, it states that will result in the text no plural and the diminutive. This is not true. It outputs the above + the dim plural. I will be looking at this issue in the next few days. Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 23:28, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

not neutral but m or f unclear
As one of the (millions of) native Dutch speakers with a two-gender noun system (we strictly distinguish the neuter gender, but we very rarely distinguish between masculine and feminine), how can I indicate that a word is not neutral, when I don't know whether it's masculine or feminine? Rp2 17:11, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Use g=c. C stands for common gender, which is the proper name for the combination of masculine and feminine (it's also used in Swedish and Danish for example). —CodeCat 17:40, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

The use and misuse of *
It seems to me that using * as the parameter is being misused a lot to simply forego specifying a form. This template is the only one I've seen it used on, and I think it would be better off being removed. So I propose making it so that * and - is the same for diminutives: nothing is shown at all. For plurals it is trickier, because - indicates an uncountable noun but * might not. So I think maybe we could add a category to the template whenever * is used, so we can clean them up easily. Thoughts? —CodeCat 20:05, 4 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Agree, I see no use for * as well. However, we might consider not mentioning the diminutive if there is none, instead of ‘no diminutive’ as it is now, so adapt the behavior of * for dims. H. (talk) 16:36, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Diminutive plural
I think diminutive plurals should be mentioned on the page of the diminutive, not on the page of the lemma form. That would mean we can remove a whole part of the code. Objections? H. (talk) 16:36, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes me, why not? It's only one more word, it provides useful information. That seems to be more of a priority than 'removing a whole part of the code'. --Mglovesfun (talk) 20:13, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

gender bug
You can't use g=g for no gender; it categorizes in Category:nouns lacking gender (no mention of Dutch). --Mglovesfun (talk) 20:14, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

pluralia tantum
What about a noun like kleren, which is a plural, m and f, and also has singular and plural diminutives? —Stephen (Talk) 00:14, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
 * What is the singular of kleren then? I can't think of it. And gender is not distinguished in the plural in Dutch, like in German. —CodeCat 00:20, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I think long ago the singular was probably kleed, but now there is no singular. There is a diminutive singular. All (or almost all) the nouns in Category:Dutch pluralia tantum have problems with this template. —Stephen (Talk) 02:03, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Multiple feminine forms
Is there a way to add more than one feminine form? I tried to add an extra feminine form of Fransman to the template on that particular page, but I fail to figure out how this is done. Is there a way to do this? And if not, there should be. Both Franse and Française are feminine forms of Fransman. Caudex Rax (talk) 11:54, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I've added it now. You can use f2= to show a second feminine form, and m2= for a second masculine form. 12:59, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much, CodeCat. Caudex Rax (talk) 03:27, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Btw (since I read that Dutch is your mother tongue), I added 'Engelsen' as the plural of 'Engelsman' the other day. It's the only plural mentioned in the electronic Van Dale groot woordenboek van de Nederlandse taal 14.  When I wanted to add the plural of 'Fransman,' I noticed that Wiktionary already mentions 'Fransmannen,' while Van Dale – again – only mentions 'Fransen.'  Woordenlijst.org neither mentions 'Engelsmannen' or 'Fransmannen,' while it does mention both 'Engelsen' and 'Fransen.'  Should we too only mention '-sen'?  I have to say that '-mannen' does sound a little odd to me.  But only a little. Caudex Rax (talk) 03:55, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I do find some results on Google for "de Engelsmannen" and "de Fransmannen" which shows that it is in some use at least. So I think it should be kept. 10:41, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

Should there be a way to avoid placing the diminutive on?
I dont speak Dutch so I dont know, but do ALL Dutch nouns have diminutive forms? e.g. take a word like aansprakelijkheidsverzekering or ontwikkelingsvoorsprong, are people really going to say " aansprakelijkheidsverzekeringetjes" etc for the diminutive? I was going to edit it to take out the diminutive but I wanted to see if anyone would respone to me here first, as there doesnt seem to be a way to do it without causing an error message. Soap (talk) 04:47, 19 January 2015 (UTC)
 * There are a few Google results for "aansprakelijkheidsverzekeringetje" that are not other dictionaries. So I think that shows that yes, almost all nouns do have a diminutive. It may be exceedingly rare or even never used, but it's always there for anyone to call on if they find a need for it. —CodeCat 13:35, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Dutch nouns with multiple plurals tracking category error?
I was wondering if a tracking category for Dutch nouns with irregular plurals would be useful; like for 's plural. Those can probably be detected when the plurals are not generated by using the dash notation. That might result in a high degree of false positives due to unnecessary entry of the full plurals. It might make sense to systematically find and replace those, since those nouns don't get added to any tracking categories at all.

Checking this out I also realized that the category Category:Dutch nouns with multiple plurals does not seem to be working correctly, since it's empty? --Azertus (talk) 14:14, 3 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Template talk:nl-noun


text:
Template talk:sv-decl-noun

Why does this template say at the top? What significance does that line have? If none, can it be removed? Cheers! bd2412 T 04:02, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It was a failed attempt to modernize the design - the corresponding template on sv.wikt was imported without translating anything. \Mike 15:52, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for fixing it. bd2412 T 18:01, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Some words are long

 * Moved here from User talk:CodeCat'

Cases like massförstörelsevapen and vapenstilleståndsförhandling call for a widening of. What width is appropriate? Should it be made floating instead of fixed? --LA2 17:39, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure. I guess you should just try and see what works. —CodeCat 17:40, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Maybe 100%, like . That way, it will automatically adapt to the screen width. -- Prince Kassad 17:40, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I removed the width=50em from the surrounding frame, so the table now expands to 100%. I'm not happy with the looks for short words, but it is an improvement for longer words. --LA2 18:08, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

 * It's a shame the template can't automatically change the size based on the length of the word. We'd need string length and number comparisons for that to work. —CodeCat 22:45, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The table will adjust if the 100% is removed, but i don't know how to make the outer div frame follow the table. --LA2 03:23, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Design
The design should be switched to this: --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 23:36, 24 December 2017 (UTC)
 * done. In any case, any edit to Module:sv-nouns should also be applied here. [ ˌiˑvã̠n̪ˑ ˈs̪kr̺ud͡ʒʔ ˌn̺ovã̠n̪ˑˈt̪ɔ̟t̪ːo ] (parla con me) 19:11, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

 * The parameter disappeared in the changes in May 2018. As a result, spann now has three declension tables without any mark-up of which belongs to which of the five definitions. --LA2 (talk) 14:45, 9 December 2018 (UTC)

is a link when it shouldn't
represents the base form, yet it's still made as a link even though it's linking to the page you're looking at. Best example is recept where the first declension table uses a template that uses this template; which makes the base for a link. But the second declension table uses an invoke function, and the base for is not a link, like it should be. Liggliluff (talk) 11:40, 15 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Template talk:sv-decl-noun


text:
Category talk:Conjugation and declension templates

When to use them
Now that there is agreement on the splitting of, when is one supposed to use the templates? I think it is nice when one uses only one template, and both the inflection line and a table result. If there is the possibility for both, which one should be used? There is a lot of inconsistency across languages here, as can be seen in e.g. kalender, where Dutch and Norwegian use an inflection line template, but Swedish has a table. Should a table be added for D and N too, or an inflection line for S, or both? henne 17:42, 6 November 2006 (UTC)


text:
sinek

Noun

 * 1) snake

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bone

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) fly insect
 * 2) playing card marked with the symbol, clubs
 * 1) playing card marked with the symbol, clubs

title: sinek


text:
macrolide

Noun

 * 1)  a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of at least ten atoms
 * 2)  Any of a group of antibiotics having this structure

Translations

 * Spanish: macrólido

 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:
 * Russian:

Etymology
From.

title: macrolide


text:
rotacismo

Etymology
From, on the model of.

Noun

 * 1)  rhotacism

Noun

 * 1) rhotacism

title: rotacismo


text:
mercaptal

Noun

 * 1)  a dithioacetal derived from an aldehyde

title: mercaptal


text:
antinociception

Noun

 * 1)  Reduced sensitivity to pain.

Translations

 * Portuguese: antinocicepção

title: antinociception


text:
chemiczny

Etymology
+ . . . Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  chemical
 * 2) chemical

title: chemiczny


text:
Talk:antinociception

* (cur) (last) 20:35, 11 May 2006 Caim m   * (cur) (last) 08:31, 4 May 2006 Iancable
 * (cur) (last) 08:47, 15 May 2006 Cholmes75 (Propose Transwiki move.  ) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Talk:antinociception


text:
overbore

Adjective

 * 1)  Such that the capacity of the burning cartridge powder is greater than the volume within the barrel.

Verb

 * 1)  To modify so that the capacity of the burning cartridge powder is greater than the volume within the barrel.

title: overbore


text:
big-ticket item

Etymology
The term is derived from the idea that the price is high (big).

Noun

 * 1)  An expensive item.

title: big-ticket item


text:
Talk:big-ticket item

* (cur) (last) 22:04, 9 March 2006 Dforest m (uncap) * (cur) (last) 07:44, 3 January 2006 FrankCostanza (Elmo was popular in 1996, not 1998) * (cur) (last) 17:45, 26 November 2005 Bookandcoffee m (wiki, cat) * (cur) (last) 16:01, 20 November 2005 70.31.145.62
 * (cur) (last) 17:22, 14 May 2006 Cmh (+dicdef) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Talk:big-ticket item


text:
clatty

Etymology
A word from Cavan, Ireland.

Adjective

 * 1)  shabby, dirty, greasy.

Noun

 * 1)  A shabby, slovenly person.

title: clatty


text:
continental breakfast

Etymology
Named due to its popularity in continental Europe.

Noun

 * 1) A light breakfast, often as served in a hotel, usually consisting of cereal, juice, and pastries, but without any fried items.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 歐式早餐
 * Finnish: mannermainen aamiainen
 * Irish: bricfeasta mór-roinne, bricfeasta Eorpach
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

title: continental breakfast


text:
full breakfast

Noun

 * 1) A breakfast including cooked ingredients such as sausages, bacon and eggs.

title: full breakfast


text:
Talk:clatty

Wikipedia Edit History
* (cur) (last) 14:30, 14 May 2006 Mr Stephen  [rollback] [proxycheck] * (cur) (last) 14:25, 14 May 2006 Bagpuss123

title: Talk:clatty


text:
geekster

Noun

 * 1)  Someone who is extremely studious or has esoteric knowledge, especially in technological subjects.
 * 2)  An unfashionable or socially undesirable person.
 * 1)  An unfashionable or socially undesirable person.
 * 1)  An unfashionable or socially undesirable person.
 * 1)  An unfashionable or socially undesirable person.
 * 1)  An unfashionable or socially undesirable person.

Noun

 * 1)  Someone who intentionally looks geeky as a fashion statement.

title: geekster


text:
Talk:geekster

Wikipedia Edit History
* (cur) (last) 11:21, 14 May 2006 Melaen (urban dictionary, maybe) [rollback] [proxycheck] * (cur) (last) 10:59, 14 May 2006 Djwa (A good looking man that intentially looks geeky)

RFV discussion: May 2021
Currently has no citations. Tharthan (talk) 00:09, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Most of what I found was just a synonym of (which I added under a separate etymology). I did find two cites for this one, and a number of cites about "geek chic" (which did not use the term). Kiwima (talk) 04:37, 2 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Ok, I think this may be cited. Kiwima (talk) 04:53, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

RFV-passed Kiwima (talk) 01:12, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:geekster


text:
cuyo

Etymology 1
, from, genitive of. Secondarily developed grammatical agreement with the thing possessed, thereby becoming a determiner rather than a pronoun in the strict sense. The grammatical agreement is attested in Plautus and classical Latin texts, though uncommonly.

Determiner

 * 1) whose

Etymology 2
From, cf. .

title: cuyo


text: cuya

title: cuya


text:
spuitbus

Noun

 * 1) spray can

title: spuitbus


text:
judería

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Jewish neighborhood
 * 2) Jewish community

title: judería


text:
rabino

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  rabbi Jewish spiritual teacher

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  rabbi

title: rabino


text:
werklust

Noun

 * 1) industry (3)

title: werklust


text: User:Rodasmith/wUnit/Assert.AreEqual

title: User:Rodasmith/wUnit/Assert.AreEqual


text:
unreconciled

Etymology 1
From ; equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) not reconciled
 * 2) inconsistent

title: unreconciled


text:
Talk:栒

Question about closely related character
Can someone tell me what the character is that is just like this one, but the box is just a square, like "kou" (no crossbar in the middle like "ri")? It isn't showing up in the radical index under "mu." Thank you, 69.81.158.73 23:20, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you referring to 枸? Rod (A. Smith) 00:54, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:栒


text:
User talk:Fark

FYI: I squished your vote when I entered the correct redirect for 500000 Pool - please re-enter it.

BTW, here is the standard welcome template (even though you've been here a while.) --Connel MacKenzie T C 23:34, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

pools
You do realize that Wiktionary as we know it will be closed to edits, long before it reaches any of the milestones that you are entering are reached, right?

Furthermore, it is very bad form to enter future pools while one is in progress. --Connel MacKenzie T C 23:59, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, Wikipedia wasn't closed for edits before it reached a million articles. Fark 00:04, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * If you don't mind me butting in... closed to edits? How so? Paul Willocx 00:07, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I don't understand either. How the heck will Wiktionary be closed to edits before it reaches a million entries. Fark 01:18, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, after a few years the vandalism to contributor ratio may invert. Or, the dictionary concept may be rolled back into Wikipedia.  Or WiktionaryZ will work and all contributors will move there.  Or WMF will switch to CC-by instead of GFDL, restarting all projects.  Or disk space technology will no longer be able to keep pace with the tremendous data being added to Wikipedia.  Or someone will sue WMF for copyvios, or any of about a million other reasons.
 * Perhaps most of those scenarios are too pesimistic, but I have learned that nothing in life lasts forever. There is always a "next big thing," especially on the internet.  As great as I think the wiki concept is, eventually something better will come along, or evolve from it.  I can't see the future; the possibilties are endless.  For now, this is still a fun endeavour.  But the chances it will stay that way forever are rather slim.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 02:00, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Is this an essay on policy or philosophy? What other pools are open? Davilla 18:10, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Slippery-slope argument
Hi,

I notice that you've suggested that snowball fight and mathematics in the sense of "ability to do mathematics" should be deleted on the ground that allowing them would mean that we would have to allow many other similar terms. Just so you know, the criteria for inclusion say that the slippery-slope argument is not grounds for considering whether or not to include a term.

That's not to put you off nominating terms you feel don't belong here, but "if we include A, we'll have to include B, C, D, ... as well" cannot be accepted as a good reason for deleting a term. — Paul G 09:01, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Fark, for multiple-word entries you may be interested in reading about the Pawley list and subsequent discussion. This is not accepted policy, but a lot of us feel that it carries some weight. Davilla 18:14, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Rule of thumb
The rule of thumb here on Wiktionary is: no redirects. (In some cases, they are OK, but not where translations can be different: especially something like hundred vs. one hundred.) --Connel MacKenzie 02:31, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fark


text:
Talk:酦

Meaning
What is the meaning of this character? Badagnani 23:40, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:酦


text:
Talk:柌

Meaning?
What is the meaning of this character? Badagnani 23:48, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Simplified or traditional?
I have spent some time looking through this entry and cannot find anywhere whether it is simplified, traditional, or both. With all the wonderful energy that is going into revising these individual hanzi entries, and the discussion that has taken place in recent weeks, I do strongly recommend that this extremely important information be included in all hanzi entries when they are similarly transformed in the future. Badagnani 08:18, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:柌


text:
User:Redux

Latin
noun

 * 1) In Latin, the word Redux means roughly "to expand", or "to make complete".

Wikimedia
User

 * 1) On the Wikimedia Foundation projects, Redux is a user with accounts on multiple projects.  His home wiki being the English-language Wikipedia, where he is an Administrator.

title: User:Redux


text:
cloudscape

Noun

 * 1) A work of art or other image depicting sky and clouds.

title: cloudscape


text:
User talk:Webaware

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Psy guy 00:50, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * thanks mate! Webaware 09:15, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Webaware


text:
User:John Hill

About me
I am 63 and now retired living in the bush about 25 km west of Cooktown, Australia on Cape York Peninsula. I was born in Montreal, Canada in 1943 and raised in Port of Spain, Trinidad. I am of English and French background with a dash of Beothuk.

I first came to Australia in 1964 and am now a citizen. Besides travelling widely, I trained as a young man as a Laboratory technician in virology in Trinidad, I have worked in fisheries research in Alaska both at sea and ashore (1962-63), and graduated as a Registered Psychiatric Nurse in Sydney, Australia (1967). I lived for more than three years in India doing research on Indian and Tibetan history and have travelled extensively in South Asia. I have worked for many years in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia in a very wide variety of positions.

My main interests

 * Asian history; particularly Chinese, Tibetan, Central Asian and Indian history and the development of trade routes both overland and maritime between East and West, and pre-historic contacts between Australia and other countries.

 * I have two heavily annotated draft translations of Chinese books on the Silk Routes from the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, which are freely available on the Silk Road Seattle website hosted by the University of Washington. To have a look - click on http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html and/or http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html I have also published an article on the history of Khotan: Hill, John E.: "Notes on the Dating of Khotanese History." Indo-Iranian Journal 31 (1988), pp. 179-190.

 * My first book has now been published as: Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. (2009). John E. Hill. (2009). BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1. It is available from several sources and is being sold at a 20% discount (at US$ 31.57 plus post) through Amazon.com at the moment.

 * Australian Aboriginal issues and culture.

 * West Indian (particularly Trinidadian) history and culture.

 * The Beothuk people (the original inhabitants of Newfoundland).

 * The history, wildlife and conservation of Cape York Peninsula and Cooktown.

I am able to contribute with an intermediate level of French and Spanish.

title: User:John Hill


text:
gumball machine

Noun

 * 1) A coin-operated machine that dispenses gumballs.
 * 2)  The flashing light on top of a police car.
 * 3)  A police car.

title: gumball machine


text:
Talk:epoche

Cleanup requested
I can't tell if this word should be listed as Greek or English. What appears to be the same word appears in Wikipedia as Epoché. The "Origin" section should probably be reworked into Etymology. —Scs 01:38, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I've given it an ==English== statement in the meanwhile. — Vildricianus 10:40, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:epoche