text:
Aufzug

Etymology
From, verbal noun of. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  lift, elevator
 * 2)  winding
 * 3)  act
 * 4)  getup, outfit
 * 5) approach, gathering
 * 6)  deployment, marching-up
 * 7) procession
 * 8)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  getup, outfit
 * 2) approach, gathering
 * 3)  deployment, marching-up
 * 4) procession
 * 5)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  deployment, marching-up
 * 2) procession
 * 3)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  deployment, marching-up
 * 2) procession
 * 3)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1) procession
 * 2)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up
 * 1)  ( or ) upward circle, circle-up

title: Aufzug


text:
Zürich

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, from.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zürich


text: FOSS

title: FOSS


text:
New Year's resolution

Pronunciation

Noun

 * 1) A vow that one makes on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day for the coming year.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 新年的決心, 新年的决心 (xīnnián de juéxīn), 新年的計劃, 新年的计划 (xīnnián de jìhuà)
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: goede voornemen
 * Faroese: nýggjárslyfti
 * Finnish:
 * French: bonne résolution
 * German: Neujahrsvorsatz
 * Hungarian: újévi fogadalom
 * Icelandic: áramótaheit
 * Italian: buoni propositi
 * Japanese: 新年の抱負
 * Malay: azam Tahun Baru
 * Maltese: ir-riżoluzzjoni tas-sena l-ġdida
 * Polish:, postanowienie noworoczne
 * Russian: новогоднее обещание
 * Serbo-Croatian: novogodišnja odluka
 * Slovak: novoročné predsavzatie
 * Spanish: propósito de Año Nuevo
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: adduned blwyddyn newydd

title: New Year's resolution


text:
feral

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from + , or borrowed from a.

Adjective

 * 1) ; untamed.
 * 2)   but descended from domestic or captive ancestors.
 * 3)  ; unruly; misbehaved.
 * 4)   by a certain thought, behavior, person, etc.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian:, неопитомен
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: zdivočelý,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, , cat
 * Galician:, , asilvestrado
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Malay:, feral
 * Maori: mohowao
 * Persian:
 * Polabian: dai̯vĕ
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, , , , , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:, ไม่เชื่อง
 * Turkish: ,

Noun

 * 1) A domesticated animal that has returned to the wild; an animal, particularly a domesticated animal, living independently of humans.
 * 2)  A contemptible young person, a lout, a person who behaves wildly.
 * 3)  A person who has isolated themselves from the outside world; one living an alternative lifestyle.
 * 4)  A character in  art or  which has the physical characteristics (body) of a regular animal (typically ), that may or may not be able to communicate with humans or anthros (contrasts )
 * The story is about a group of ferals which have to explore the ruins of society after the humans die out.
 * 1)  A contemptible young person, a lout, a person who behaves wildly.
 * 2)  A person who has isolated themselves from the outside world; one living an alternative lifestyle.
 * 3)  A character in  art or  which has the physical characteristics (body) of a regular animal (typically ), that may or may not be able to communicate with humans or anthros (contrasts )
 * The story is about a group of ferals which have to explore the ruins of society after the humans die out.
 * 1)  A character in  art or  which has the physical characteristics (body) of a regular animal (typically ), that may or may not be able to communicate with humans or anthros (contrasts )
 * The story is about a group of ferals which have to explore the ruins of society after the humans die out.
 * The story is about a group of ferals which have to explore the ruins of society after the humans die out.

Usage notes

 * Feral in the furry-related sense can refer to both regular animals as well as characters which have the bodies of regular animals but the intelligence of a human. Intelligent feral characters are often depicted as speaking with other characters, but may only be able to speak with other ferals and not humans or anthros due to a language barrier.

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) Deadly, fatal.
 * 2) Of or pertaining to the dead,.

Etymology
Borrowed from a, from , or formed from.

title: feral


text:
neo-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From prefix, from.

Prefix

 * 1) new
 * 2) contemporary
 * 3)  Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group
 * 4)  Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound

Antonyms

 * paleo-
 * proto-

Translations

 * Bengali:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * German:, neu-
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: neo-
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: нео-, ново-
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: neo-
 * Nynorsk: neo-
 * Persian:, نئو
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ново-
 * Spanish: neo-
 * Swedish:

 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ново-
 * Spanish: neo-

Etymology
, from.

Prefix

 * , new

Prefix

 * 1) neo-

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Prefix

 * 1) neo-

Prefix

 * 1) neo-

Usage notes
Nouns with this prefix are capitalized, just like other nouns in German.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) neo-

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1) neo-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1)  indicates novelty, newness

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Prefix

 * 1) un-

Etymology
, from.

title: neo-


text:
naso-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1)  Relating to the nose.

Translations

 * Italian: naso-
 * Spanish: naso-

title: naso-


text:
necro-

Etymology
From, from the suffixed full-grade  of ; see also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ,  (as opposed to ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) death or dead tissue.

Translations

 * Finnish: nekro-
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 影霊
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: некро-
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: nekro-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1)  relating to death

Etymology
From.

title: necro-


text:
hypno-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) Sleep.
 * 2) Hypnosis.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Polish: hipno-
 * Portuguese: hipno-
 * Spanish: hipno-

 * Polish: hipno-

title: hypno-


text:
geo-

Etymology
From, combining form of.

Prefix

 * 1) Earth
 * 2) geography
 * 1) geography

Translations

 * Afrikaans: geo-
 * Akan: gyeo-
 * Albanian: gjeo-
 * Aragonese: cheo-
 * Armenian: գեո-
 * Asturian: xeo-
 * Bashkir: гео-
 * Basque: geo-
 * Belarusian: геа-
 * Bulgarian: гео-
 * Catalan:
 * Corsican: geo-
 * Czech: geo-
 * Danish: geo-
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: geo-
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: gjeo-
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: გეო-
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Haitian Creole: jewo-
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido: geo-
 * Indonesian: geo-
 * Interlingua: geo-
 * Irish: geo-
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: гео-
 * Kyrgyz: гео-
 * Latin: geo-
 * Latvian: ģeo-
 * Lithuanian: geo-
 * Macedonian: гео-
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: ġeo-
 * Norman: géo-
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: geo-
 * Nynorsk: geo-
 * Occitan: geo-
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: geo-
 * Romanian: geo-
 * Cyrillic: ӂео-
 * Russian: гео-
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: гео-
 * Roman: geo-
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak: geo-
 * Slovene: geo-
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: heo-
 * Tajik: гео-
 * Turkmen: geo-
 * Ukrainian: гео-
 * Uzbek:
 * Yiddish: געאָ־

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1) geo-

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Prefix

 * 1) geo-

Etymology
Ultimately from, combining form of.

Prefix

 * 1) geo- global, pertaining to the Earth, pertaining to geography

Etymology
From, from , combining form of.

Prefix

 * 1) Earth.
 * 2) geography.
 * 1) geography.
 * 1) geography.

Etymology
From, combining form of.

Prefix

 * 1) geo-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1)  Earth
 * 2)  geography
 * 1)  geography

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) ; pertaining to the Earth

title: geo-


text:
biblio-

Etymology
From or its descendant.

Prefix

 * 1) book
 * 2) Bible

Translations

 * French:
 * Irish: bibli-
 * Italian:
 * Moroccan Amazigh: -ⴷⵍⵉⵙ, -ⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian: biblio-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) book

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1)  relating to books

Etymology
From.

title: biblio-


text:
aero-

Etymology
From, the genitive singular of.

Prefix

 * 1) air or aircraft

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Prefix

 * 1) aero-

Etymology
From, the genitive singular of.

Prefix

 * 1) related to air or aircraft

Etymology
, the genitive singular of.

Etymology
.

Etymology
From, the genitive singular of. .

Prefix

 * 1)  denoting air
 * 2)  denoting aircraft

Etymology
From, the genitive singular of.

title: aero-


text:
political prisoner

Noun

 * 1) A person imprisoned for their political views or political activism.

Translations

 * Arabic: سَجِين سِيَاسِيّ, مُعْتَقَل سِيَاسِيّ
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: presu políticu
 * Basque: preso politiko
 * Belarusian: паліты́чны вя́зень, паліты́чны зняво́лены, палітвя́зень, палітзняво́лены
 * Bulgarian: полити́чески затво́рник, полити́ческа затво́рничка
 * Burmese: နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသား
 * Catalan: pres polític
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: siyasiy mabus
 * Czech: politický vězeň
 * Danish: politisk fange
 * Dutch: politieke gevangene
 * Estonian: poliitvang
 * Finnish:, poliittinen vanki
 * French:
 * Galician: preso político
 * Georgian: პოლიტიკური პატიმარი, პოლიტპატიმარი, პოლიტიკური ტუსაღი, პოლიტტუსაღი
 * German: politischer Gefangener
 * Hebrew: אסיר פוליטי
 * Hindi: राजनीतिक क़ैदी
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: pólitískur fangi
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: prigioniero politico, prigioniera politica
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: tahanan pulitik
 * Khmer: អ្នកទោសនយោបាយ
 * Korean: 정치범
 * Lao: ນັກໂທດການເມືອງ
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: политички затвореник
 * Malay: banduan politik
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: politisk fange
 * Nynorsk: politisk fange
 * Persian: زندانی سیاسی
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: preso político
 * Romanian: deținut politic
 * Russian: полити́ческий заключённый, полити́ческая заключённая,, , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: политички затвореник
 * Roman: politički zatvorenik
 * Slovak: politický väzeň
 * Slovene: politični zapornik
 * Spanish: preso político
 * Swedish: politisk fånge
 * Tagalog: bilanggong politikal
 * Thai: นักโทษการเมือง
 * Turkish: siyasi mahkum
 * Ukrainian: політи́чний в'я́зень, політв'я́зень
 * Urdu: سیاسی قیدی
 * Vietnamese: tù nhân chính trị
 * Welsh: carcharor gwleidyddol

title: political prisoner


text:
concentration camp

Etymology
From +. In later use partly after 🇨🇬, itself a calque of the English term.

Noun

 * 1) A camp where troops are assembled, prior to combat or transport.
 * 2) * 1913, General Staff Corps, Field Service Regulations, United States Army - Page 223
 * A concentration camp is a place, near the scene of intended operations or near an embarkation point, where troops are assembled for immediate use against the enemy or for transport to an over-sea theater of operations.
 * 1) * 1930, Winston S. Churchill, My Early Life, Chapter XIV
 * The 21st Lancers… …journey forward by nine days' march to the advanced concentration camp just north of the Shabluka Cataract.
 * 1) A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities.
 * 2) * 2019,, Full interview: Bernie Sanders meets with the Register's editorial board (12.6.19), 6 December, at 37:13:
 * What we should be doing with China is understanding they are a superpower, they are a strong economy. We want to be working with them. We certainly don't want a Cold War. But we should be speaking out against human rights abuses. When you put into concentration camps, you know, or at least lock up, I don't know, a million Muslims there, somebody's got to speak out about that.
 * 1)  A situation wherein crowding and extremely harsh conditions take place.
 * What we should be doing with China is understanding they are a superpower, they are a strong economy. We want to be working with them. We certainly don't want a Cold War. But we should be speaking out against human rights abuses. When you put into concentration camps, you know, or at least lock up, I don't know, a million Muslims there, somebody's got to speak out about that.
 * 1)  A situation wherein crowding and extremely harsh conditions take place.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: konsentrasiekamp
 * Arabic: مُعَسْكَر اِعْتِقَال,
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: konsentrasiya düşərgəsi, həbs düşərgələri, konslager
 * Belarusian: канцэнтрацы́йны ла́гер, канцла́гер
 * Bulgarian: концентрацио́нен ла́гер, ко́нцла́гер
 * Catalan: camp de concentració
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 集中營
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: koncentrationslejr, udryddelseslejr
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: koonduslaager
 * Faroese: týningarlega
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: campo de concentración
 * Georgian: საკონცენტრაციო ბანაკი
 * German: ,
 * Greek: στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης
 * Haitian Creole: kan konsantrasyon
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: नज़रबंदी शिविर, बंदी शिविर
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: útrýmingarbúðir
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: campa géibhinn, sluachampa géibhinn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 強制収容所
 * Kazakh: концентрациялық лагерь, концлагерь
 * Khmer: បន្ទាយផ្ដុំជន
 * Korean: 강제수용소(强制收容所), 정치범 수용소(政治犯收容所)
 * Kyrgyz: концлагерь
 * Latvian: koncentrācijas nometne
 * Lao: ຄ້າຍກັກກັນ
 * Lithuanian: koncentracijos stovykla
 * Macedonian: концентрацио́нен логор
 * Malay: kem tahanan
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: konsentrasjonsleir, utryddelsesleir
 * Nynorsk: konsentrasjonsleir, utryddingsleir
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian: اُرْدوگاهِ کارِ اِجْباری
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: campo de concentração
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: campa bàis
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: концентрациони логор
 * Roman: koncentracioni logor
 * Slovak: koncentračný tábor, koncentrák colloquial
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: campo de concentración
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: лагерҳои консентратсионӣ
 * Thai: ค่ายกักกัน
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: konslager
 * Ukrainian: концентраці́йний та́бір, концта́бір
 * Uyghur: يىغىۋېلىش لاگېرى, جازا لاگېرى, توپلاش لاگېرى
 * Uzbek: kontsentratsiyon lager, kontslager
 * Vietnamese:
 * West Frisian: konsintraasjekamp
 * Yiddish: קאַצעט

title: concentration camp


text:
Talk:Zurich

Zurich vs. Zürich
Zurich is the normal spelling in English. No dots. There is no letter ü in English. Zürich is a pedantic or foreign spelling. This article seems NPOV now. Stating that this spelling is the "variant" and implying the other is the norm.

Doing a Google search restricted to English shows double the hits for the English spelling as for the German spelling. Searching the domain of English-speaking countries shows more like a 5:1 ratio in favour of the English spelling.

— Hippietrail 14:49, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * You need to get a user name, 138.130.36.104. Anyway, Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary lists it as Zurich or G Zürich. Its next entry is Zurich, Lake of without the umlauted version whatsoever.—Red Prince 14:57, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Whether to use Zurich or Zürich is not an easy question (as the discussion this very word inspired on Wikipedia w:Talk:Zürich verifies). As a dictionary we shouldn't take a stand, so we can mark them as alternative spellings of each other, but for simplicity's sake only one should carry the definition (unless someone wants to be in charge of keeping the entries synchronized against future edits...)  I left an explanatory note in Zürich.  —Muke Tever 18:26, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry edited from a different computer last time. "Variant spelling" implies that one spelling is superior. "Alternative spelling" is free of judgement and therefore preferable. But if only one article is to carry the important info, that should be the one most used in English. Zurich without non-English diacritics is clearly the one. Some accents are permissible in English but always optional - and most people opt not to use them. We should reflect this usage. In a German dictionay things might be different since that language often preserves more foreignness in its borrowings. — Hippietrail 23:27, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Later, 2018: I moved the English content from Zürich to Zurich, noting that Zurich is many times more common in GNV:. There is a discussion on the subject at W:Talk:Zürich/Archive_1. I was surprised to learn that Britannica online uses Zürich. http://www.uzh.ch/en.html shows "University of Zurich"; https://www.zurich-airport.com/ shows "Zurich airport news" in one box. My instinct is to go with GNV as the most representative aggregate of English usage we have. --Dan Polansky (talk) 23:15, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zurich


text:
sukka

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), from. Finnic cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sock garment covering foot
 * 2) stocking garment covering foot and part of leg
 * 3) stocking knitted hood of cotton thread which is eventually converted into an incandescent mantle for gas lighting

Usage notes
If a distinction between socks and stockings needs to be made in Finnish, one may use for socks, and  for stockings.

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) stocking

Verb

 * 1) to sigh

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) white
 * 2) bright
 * 3) pure

Noun

 * 1) the planet Venus

Noun

 * 1) semen

title: sukka


text:
astro-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) celestial bodies: fixed stars, wandering stars (planets), etc.; space; astronomy
 * 2)  stars

Translations

 * Asturian: astro-
 * Catalan: astro-
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: astro-
 * Georgian: ასტრო-
 * German:
 * Italian: astro-
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: astro-
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
.

Prefix

 * 1) ; pertaining to stars

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) astro-

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Prefix

 * 1) astro-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) astro-

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) ; pertaining to stars

title: astro-


text:
aqua-

Prefix

 * 1) water

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Danish: akva-,
 * Hindi: आब-, आप-, अप-
 * Malay:
 * Polish: akwa-
 * Portuguese: aqui-, aquo-, aqua-

title: aqua-


text:
an-

Etymology 1
From, from , , from , from. More at.

Etymology 2
From. Doublet of un- and in-.

Prefix

 * 1) not; used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. Used with stems that begin with vowels and "h".
 * 2) Without, lacking.

Alternative forms

 * (when followed by a vowel or a consonant which is labial)

Prefix

 * 1) ; you, you all.

Prefix

 * 1) un-, non-

Etymology
From ( immediately preceding a vowel).

Prefix

 * : Not, without, opposite of.

Prefix

 * 1) in-,.

Etymology
From the preposition, from , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) onto, at, towards (the object)
 * 2) near, over, towards (the subject)
 * 3) on, in use
 * 1) near, over, towards (the subject)
 * 2) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use
 * 1) on, in use

Usage notes

 * Also occurs in many nouns, but these are generally deverbal.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) at, on

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Prefix

 * 1)   very
 * 2)   over-, excessively, intensely
 * 3)   great, excessive
 * 1)   great, excessive

Usage notes

 * Triggers (except of d, s, and t):

 * In some dialects (e.g. Aran), it also changes s to ts:
 * (standard form )

 * In Munster, this form is used only before a vowel; before a consonant the variant is used.

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Prefix

 * 1)  in-, un-, not
 * 2)  bad, unnatural

Etymology 3
From.

Prefix

 * 1) an- not

Etymology
From the preposition, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) in- (indicates physical or metaphorical motion into something)

Usage notes

 * When attached to a verb stem beginning with a consonant sound other than /d/, /h/, /n/, /t/ or /t͡s/, the prefix becomes a- as a result of the Eifeler Regel.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Prefix

 * 1) un-, not

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to.

Prefix

 * 1) one; mono-, uni-
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →
 * 1) lone, alone
 * ān- + →
 * ān- + →

Usage notes

 * Particularly common in the works of Chrétien de Troyes.

Etymology 1
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1) un-, not
 * 2) bad

Etymology 2
. Maybe related to and  in proper names  and. Considered the same word as by DIL (see Further reading).

Prefix

 * 1) very

Etymology 3
sga.

Prefix

 * , for example

Prefix

 * 1)  used before words beginning with vowels

Prefix

 * 1)  you, second-person plural subject marker.

Usage notes

 * Before a vowel, changes to . The digraph ⟨nh⟩ is pronounced as . Example:

Etymology
From ( immediately preceding a vowel), from, zero-grade form of. .

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) un-, anti-
 * 2) bad, unnatural

Etymology
From the meaning “against/towards”.

Prefix

 * 1) against, towards

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) not, un-, non-, an-, dis-,

Usage notes
Triggers the nasal mutation of p, t, c and d, sometimes with accompanying euphonic or orthographic adjustments, and the soft mutation of b, g and m.

Etymology 2
From,.

Prefix

 * 1) in-, inside, inward
 * 1) in-, inside, inward

title: an-


text:
black magic

Noun

 * 1)  Magic derived from evil forces, as distinct from good or benign forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing harm.
 * 2)  Occult or secret magic; magic (or, by extension/comparison, technology etc) that is mysterious, not known to or understood by many.
 * 1)  Occult or secret magic; magic (or, by extension/comparison, technology etc) that is mysterious, not known to or understood by many.
 * 1)  Occult or secret magic; magic (or, by extension/comparison, technology etc) that is mysterious, not known to or understood by many.
 * 1)  Occult or secret magic; magic (or, by extension/comparison, technology etc) that is mysterious, not known to or understood by many.

Usage notes

 * When referring to technology, calling something (plain) means that it is not widely understood, but suggests it can be understood by those versed in the field.  suggests few understand it.

Translations

 * Arabic: سِحْر أَسْوَد
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: че́рна ма́гия
 * Catalan: màgia negra
 * Cebuano: barang
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 黑魔法, 黑巫術
 * Czech: černá magie
 * Danish: sortekunst, sort magi
 * Dutch: zwarte magie
 * Faroese: gandur
 * Finnish: musta magia
 * French:
 * Old French: deablie
 * Georgian: შავი მაგია
 * German: schwarze Magie, schwarze Kunst
 * Greek: μαύρη μαγεία
 * Hebrew: מַגְיָה שְׁחֹרָה, קֶסֶם אָפֵל
 * Hindi: काला जादू, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: svartagaldur
 * Igbo:
 * Irish: ealaín dhubh, dubhealaín
 * Italian: magia nera
 * Japanese: 黒魔法,
 * Korean: 흑마술(黑巫術)
 * Latin: maleficium, magia malefica, veneficium
 * Manx: buitcheraght, doo-chliaghtey, doo-ellyn
 * Marathi: काळी जादू
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: svart magi
 * Nynorsk: svart magi
 * Occitan:
 * Old Norse: fordæðuskapr
 * Persian: جادوی سیاه
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scots: sorcery
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgoil-dubh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: црна магија
 * Roman: crna magija
 * Slovak: čierna mágia
 * Spanish: magia negra
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: mahika negra
 * Thai: คุณไสย,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: чо́рна ма́гія
 * Vietnamese:

title: black magic


text:
picture-perfect

Adjective

 * 1) Perfect in appearance as with the subjects in paintings or photographs, without the common imperfections of real life.

title: picture-perfect


text:
whisky

Etymology 1
Variant of, abbreviation of (compare obsolete ), from , calque of. Compare, , , , and from the same source.

Usage notes
The regional spellings and  (from the  form of the same Gaelic word) are used worldwide to distinguish regional drinks, for example, but  and.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) * 1768,, letter to Mr. M—, in Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, London: J. Nichols, 3rd edition, 1784, pp.7-8,
 * Look into old age, you will see avarice joined to poverty—letchery, gout, impotency, like three monkeys, or London bucks, in a one-horse whisky, driving to the Devil.
 * Look into old age, you will see avarice joined to poverty—letchery, gout, impotency, like three monkeys, or London bucks, in a one-horse whisky, driving to the Devil.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Noun

 * 1) whiskey

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) (a glass of) whisky, whiskey

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
From (probably via ).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) whisky (USA, Ireland: whiskey)

Etymology 1
, alternative form of, shortening of , from and.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology 2
, derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  (a kind of light carriage)

Etymology
From, ultimately from.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
From, originally from Gaelic.

Etymology
From, originally from Gaelic.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
.

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * , whiskey

Etymology
, from and.

Noun
nondeclinable

 * , whiskey

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * , whiskey (alcoholic drink)

title: whisky


text:
whiskey

Etymology 1
Variant of, abbreviation of , from , calque of. Compare, , , , and from the same source and  from a Russian diminutive for water in reference to the dilution of pure grain spirits.

Noun

 * 1)  A liquor distilled from the fermented mash of grain (as rye, corn, or barley).
 * 2)  A drink of whiskey.
 * 1)  A drink of whiskey.

Usage notes
The regional spellings and  (from the  form of the same Gaelic word) are used world-wide to distinguish regional drinks, for example  but.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: whisky
 * Alabama: okiimi
 * Albanian:
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: túnchʼíʼ
 * Arabic: وِيسْكِي, وِسْكِي
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: viski
 * Belarusian: ві́скі
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Central Melanau: wiski
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 威士忌酒, 威士忌
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Coast Miwok: ʔómu líwa
 * Cornish: hwiski
 * Czech:
 * Danish: whisky
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: viskio
 * Estonian: viski
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ვისკი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic: whisky
 * Hebrew: וויסקי
 * Hindi:, विलायती पानी, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: viskí
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish:, uisce beatha
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: виски
 * Khmer: វីស្គី
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: виски
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: viskis
 * Macedonian: виски
 * Malay: wiski
 * Maltese: wiski
 * Manx: ushtey bea
 * Maori: wihikē
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: виски
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: whisky
 * Occitan: oísqui
 * Pashto: ويسکي
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Punjabi: ਵਿਸਕੀ
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: uisge-beatha
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ви̏ски
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak: whisky
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, wiski,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: wiski
 * Tajik: виски
 * Thai: วิสกี้
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: wiski
 * Ukrainian: ві́скі
 * Urdu: وہسکی, مدیرا
 * Uyghur: ۋىسكى
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: huých-ki,, rượu uytky
 * Volapük:, filavin,  lifavat
 * Welsh: chwisgi
 * Yiddish: וויסקי

Etymology 2
From

Noun

 * 1)  A light gig or carriage drawn by one horse.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) (a glass of) whiskey

Etymology
,, from ,.

Noun

 * 1)  drink

Etymology
.

title: whiskey


text:
-ly

Etymology 1
From, , , , from , from , from , from (whence ). In form, probably influenced by 🇨🇬 (Norwegian Bokmål -lig, Faroese -ligur, Icelandic -legur). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. .

Synonyms

 * suggesting degree
 * suggesting degree
 * likeness or resemblance, , , /, , , ,
 * suggesting degree
 * suggesting degree
 * likeness or resemblance, , , /, , , ,

Derived terms

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ;
 * Danish: -lig, -agtig
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: -ligur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: -ური, -ული
 * German:, , ,
 * Hungarian: ////,, -ias/-ies
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: -atra
 * Middle English: -ly
 * Old English: -līċ
 * Persian: مآبانه
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian: -ский, -ски
 * Serbo-Croatian: -ně
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, , ,
 * Turkish:, , , , -cıl, -çıl, -cil, -çil
 * Urdu: -ی
 * Welsh:

 * Danish: -lig
 * Finnish: -ttainen
 * Hungarian:, -nkénti/-onkénti/-ankénti/-enkénti/-önkénti
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

Etymology 2
From, , , from.

Usage notes
In prescriptive usage, derived adverbs in -ly are often preferred to those which are identical in form to the base adjective (e.g., instead of ), despite the fact that the latter have been in continuous use since the earliest stages of the language and represent the norm in languages closely related to English, such as Dutch and German. This is the cause of hypercorrections such as I feel badly (where actually represents a copular verb, which traditionally requires an adjectival complement rather than an adverb).

Various sound changes and spelling changes occur for -ly:
 * If an adjective ends with a consonant followed by y, it changes into i before adding the suffix (e.g. >,  > ).
 * If an adjective ends with ll, one l drops out to avoid a triple letter (e.g. >,  > ).
 * If an adjective ends with a syllabic (spelled -le after a consonant), euphony causes the -le to drop out. Examples include  and, but also  > ,  > , and  > , among others.
 * Adjectives ending in -ic generally take ( >  being an exception).

Translations

 * Ainu: no
 * Aragonese: -mén
 * Armenian: -բար, -որեն
 * Asturian: -mente
 * Basque: -eki
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: -ě
 * Danish: -t
 * Dutch:, , , ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: -lt
 * Faroese: -liga
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: -ად, -დ, -ურად, -ულად
 * German: ; -erweise ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: /, /, //
 * Icelandic: -lega
 * Ido: -e
 * Igbo:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin: -ē, -iter
 * Latvian: -i
 * Lithuanian: -i
 * Macedonian: -о
 * Middle English: -ly
 * Mongolian: -хан
 * Navajo: -go
 * Neapolitan: -mente
 * Norman: -ment
 * Norwegian:
 * Norwegian Bokmål:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: -e, -līċe
 * Persian: ـانه; ـیها
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , по-...-ски , -ски
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: bir şekilde,, , ,
 * Walloon:

Etymology 1
From. Related to.

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to form adjectives from nouns, the adjectives having the sense of "like or characteristic of what is denoted by the noun".
 * 2) Appended to adjectives in order to render meaning of the adjective either more intense or more approximate.
 * E.g., ; ,

Usage notes

 * -ly is generally the most common variant of this suffix, though in some words, other variants may be more common, such as -lich(e).

Etymology 2
From, itself a combination of the adjective-forming suffix (see etymology 1 above) and the adverbial suffix.

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to form adverbs from adjectives, and nouns; the adverbs having the sense of "in the manner of what is denoted by the adjective/noun".
 * 2) Optionally appended to adverbs without suffixes with no change to the meaning.

Usage notes

 * As with its adjectival equivalent, -ly is generally the most common variant of this suffix, though in some words, other variants may be more common, such as -lich(e).

title: -ly


text:
-ing

Etymology 1
, from, , from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) As true nouns.
 * 2) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.

Usage notes
Compare, which can be applied to some (Latinate) nouns with almost the same meaning:

In the first and third phrases the words in bold are nouns, while in the second phrase the word in bold is a gerund and the noun is, cognate with.

There was formerly a tendency for the final vowel of a word to contract when this suffix was added; hence,  , but analogy has usually now resulted in restoration of the full form (e.g., ). The same kind of analogy has resulted in pronunciations of such as  (for earlier ).

Translations

 * Catalan:, , -int
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: -ing
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: -ando, -endo, -indo
 * German: Use + infinitive
 * Greek: Use  + second person singular present verb form
 * Icelandic: -ing
 * Interlingua: -ion, -mento, -ar, -er, -ir
 * Italian: -ando,  -endo
 * Japanese: (i.e.,  from ), ,
 * Khmer:
 * Lao:
 * Malay: peng--an
 * Norwegian:
 * Old Norse: -ing
 * Polish: -nie, -cie
 * Portuguese:, -endo, -indo
 * Romanian: -ând, -ind
 * Spanish: -ando, -endo
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish: -yor, -mekte, -makta

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: -ing
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Italian: -zione (-azione, -uzione), -mento, -aggio
 * Low German: -d
 * German Low German: -en; -inge, -unge
 * Middle Low German: -t; -inge
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: -ing
 * Old Norse: -ing
 * Polish: -nie, -cie
 * Romanian: -re
 * Russian: -а́ние, -е́ние, -о́вка,
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch: -werk,
 * Faroese: -ing
 * Italian: -tura
 * Malay:
 * Old Norse: -ing

Etymology 2
From, , alteration of earlier , , (see ), from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to form present participles of verbs.
 * , Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
 * If you are ing to a remote machineyou can simply call, it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will it to an unused local port if necessary.
 * , Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
 * If you are ing to a remote machineyou can simply call, it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will it to an unused local port if necessary.

Translations

 * Belizean Creole: di
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:, 住
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: -end
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: -v
 * Faroese: -andi
 * Finnish: -va, -vä
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: /
 * Icelandic: -andi
 * Interlingua: -ante, -ente, -iente
 * Italian: -ante,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: -ens
 * Neapolitan: -anno, -enno
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, -endo, -indo
 * Russian: -ающий, -ящий, -ущий, -ющий, -ащий, -еющий, -ующий, -я́ющий, -щий
 * Spanish: -ando, -iendo, -yendo
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: กำลัง-
 * Turkish: -iyor, -yor, -uyor, -ıyor, -üyor,, , -an, -yan

Etymology 3
From, from , from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)   -ite.

Etymology
From, , from ,.

Etymology 1
, from, , , from , , from.

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from.

Usage notes
The suffix is no longer productive and is not generally recognised in this meaning. It is found in many place names and surnames, however.

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g.,, ).

Etymology
. Doublet of native.

Suffix

 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"

- Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.

Usage notes

 * Productive use is chiefly restricted to ad-hoc formations (such as the two examples above).

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Usage notes

 * Nouns derived with this suffix are neuters and their plural end in -ings.
 * The suffix can not only be added to nouns, but also to other parts of speech like adverbs.

Derived terms

 * = (little brother)
 * = Dirnken < Dirn (young girl)
 * = (little daughter)
 * = (little daughter)

Etymology
, from,.

Etymology 1
,, from , from ,.

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Etymology
,, , from ,.

Suffix
or (see below)

 * 1) ; -ing.

Usage notes
The gender is usually or  (in Bokmål) if the word ended in  in Old Norse and  if it ended in  or. Living things like and  are usually  whilst inanimate things like  and  usually are.

Etymology 1
.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ing.

Etymology 2
From,.

Final

 * 1) used in certain adverbs

Etymology 1
Variant of.

Etymology 2
From, from.

Etymology
,.

Descendants

 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)

Etymology
, from,.

Suffix

 * 1) Forms gerund nouns from verbs

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g., (pseudo-anglicism),, ).

Etymology 1
,, from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)  ; -ation.

Etymology 2
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)   ; -er, -ite. See also.

Etymology
Possibly from. Compare with 🇨🇬 and list of Derived terms.

Usage notes
When directly addressing another person, it is polite to use the plural or  forms.

title: -ing


text:
oxen

Etymology
From, from , from , from , nominative and accusative plural of , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or resembling an ox; oxlike

Etymology 1
From ; equivalent to.

title: oxen


text:
bue

Etymology
From for, accusative singular of.

Noun

 * 1) bull
 * 2) ox

Etymology 1
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bow
 * 2)  curve, arc
 * 3)  arch, vault
 * 4)  tie, ligature, slur
 * 5) hoop

Etymology 2
Possibly from, from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. 🇨🇬 is also from Low German.

Verb

 * 1) to curve
 * 2) to arch

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) ox
 * 2)  dimwit, fool
 * 1)  dimwit, fool

Pronoun

 * 1) what?

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a bow
 * 2)  an arch
 * 3)  an arc

Verb

 * 1)  to swing, rock

title: bue


text: buoi

title: buoi


text:
geese

Etymology 2
From Proto-Fula-Serer *gaar (cotton thread).

Noun

 * 1)  cotton thread

title: geese


text:
light year

Noun

 * 1)  A unit of length (abbreviation ly; equal to just under 10 trillion kilometres (10$16$ metres)) equal to the distance light travels in one Julian year; used to measure extremely large distances.
 * 2)  A very long way.
 * 3)  A very long time.
 * 1)  A very long time.
 * 1)  A very long time.

Usage notes

 * The light year is a unit of length, but because it contains the word year, it is sometimes assumed to be a unit of time. Its use in the figurative sense of "a very long time" is nonstandard; it is preferable to use an alternative term in this case.
 * light year and light-year are similarly common overall, lightyear lagging far behind. light-year leads in the American corpus while light year leads in the British corpus.  GPO manual favors light-year. Merriam-Webster has light-year. OED has light year.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: ligjaar
 * Albanian: dritëviti
 * Arabic: سَنَة ضَوْئِيَّة
 * Aragonese: año luz
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: añu lluz
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: светлавы́ год
 * Bengali: আলোক বর্ষ
 * Breton: bloavezh-gouloù
 * Bulgarian: светлинна годи́на
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: any llum
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 光年
 * Hokkien: 光年
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: ljósár
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სინათლის წელიწადი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: પ્રકાશવર્ષ
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: प्रकाश-वर्ष
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: lumyaro
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: solasbhliain
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: жарық жылы
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: saletîrêj
 * Kyrgyz: жарык жылы
 * Lao:
 * Latin: spatium lucis annuae
 * Latvian: gaismas gads
 * Limburgish: Leechjaor
 * Lithuanian: šviẽsmetis
 * Luxembourgish: Liichtjoer
 * Macedonian: светлосна година
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: sena dawl
 * Mongolian: гэрлийн жил
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: lysår, ljosår
 * Oromo: wagga iffa
 * Persian: سال نوری
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: achkiy wata
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: свјетлосна година,  светлосна година
 * Roman: svjetlosna godina,  svetlosna godina
 * Sicilian: annu luci
 * Slovak: svetelný rok
 * Slovene: svetlòbno léto
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: swětłowe lěto
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: mwaka wa nuru
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sinag-taon
 * Tajik: соли нур
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: కాంతిసంవత్సరము
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: འོད་ལོ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ýagtylyk ýyly
 * Ukrainian: світлови́й рік
 * Urdu: نوری سال
 * Uzbek: yorugʻlik yili
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:

 * Faroese: ljósár
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: fényévek
 * Italian:
 * Slovene: svetlòbno léto
 * Swedish:

title: light year


text:
clockwise

Adverb

 * 1) In a curve or twist corresponding to the movement of the hands of a clock.

Antonyms

 * ACW, anticlockwise
 * CCW, counterclockwise, counter-clockwise
 * withershins, widdershins

Translations

 * Arabic: بِإِتِّجَاه عَقَارِب السَّاعَة
 * Bulgarian: по посока на часовнковата стрелка
 * Catalan: en el sentit horari
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: po směru hodinových ručiček
 * Danish: med uret
 * Dutch:, met de klok mee, in wijzerzin
 * Esperanto: dekstrume, horloĝdirekte
 * Estonian: päripäeva
 * Finnish:
 * French: dans le, dans le
 * Galician: en sentido das agullas do reloxo, en sentido horario
 * Georgian: საათის ისრის მიმართულებით
 * German: im
 * Greek:, κατά τη φορά των δεικτών του ρολογιού
 * Hebrew: כיוון השעון
 * Hindi: दक्षिणावर्त्त
 * Hungarian: az óra járásával megegyező irányba
 * Indonesian: searah jarum jam, arah jam
 * Irish: deiseal
 * Italian: in senso orario
 * Japanese: 右回り,
 * Korean: 시계 방향
 * Maori: whakatekaraka
 * Norman: auve lé solé, comme lé solé
 * Norwegian: medurs
 * Bokmål: med klokken
 * Nynorsk: med klokka
 * Polish: zgodnie z ruchem wskazówek zegara, prawoskrętnie
 * Portuguese: no sentido horário, no sentido dos ponteiros do relógio
 * Romanian: în sens orar, în sensul acelor de ceasornic
 * Russian: по часово́й стре́лке
 * Scottish Gaelic: deiseil
 * Slovak: v smere ručičiek
 * Spanish: en el sentido de las agujas del reloj, en sentido horario, dextrorso
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: pataknaan
 * Tibetan: ནང་སྐོར, གཡས་འཁོར, གཡས་འཁྱིལ
 * Turkish: saat yönünde
 * Ukrainian: за годиннико́вою стрі́лкою, за годиннико́вою вказі́вкою
 * Urdu: بائیں سے دائیں
 * Vietnamese: theo chiều kim đồng hồ
 * Welsh:

Adjective

 * 1) Moving clockwise; having rotary motion in the manner of a clock.
 * In the southern hemisphere the flow of air around a low-pressure system is clockwise.

Translations

 * Esperanto:
 * Georgian: საათის ისრის მიმართულებით მოძრავი
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: כיוון השעון
 * Indonesian: arah jam
 * Maori: whakatekaraka
 * Polish: zgodny z ruchem wskazówek zegara,
 * Spanish:, dextrorso
 * Tagalog: pataknaan
 * Tibetan: ནང་སྐོར, གཡས་འཁོར, གཡས་འཁྱིལ

title: clockwise


text:
anticlockwise

Adjective

 * 1)  In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.

Synonyms

 * / counter-clockwise, laevorotatory / levorotatory , positive

Translations

 * Catalan: en el sentit antihorari
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 反時針方向的, 逆時針的,
 * Danish: mod uret
 * Dutch: tegen de klok in, in tegenwijzerzin
 * Esperanto: maldekstruma, livuma
 * Estonian: vastupäeva
 * Finnish:
 * French: dans le, dans le ,
 * Galician: antihorario, antihoraria
 * Georgian: საათის ისრის საწინააღმდეგო, საათის ისრის საწინააღმდეგო მიმართულებით, საათის ისრის საწინააღმდეგო მიმართულებით მოძრავი, საათის ისრის საპირისპირო მიმართულებით მოძრავი
 * German: im Gegenuhrzeigersinn, gegen den Uhrzeigersinn
 * Hebrew: נגד כיוון השעון
 * Hungarian: az óramutató járásával ellenkező
 * Ido: inversa-horloja
 * Irish: tuathal
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 左巻き
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: mot klokka, mot klokken
 * Nynorsk: mot klokka
 * Polish: przeciwny do ruchu wskazówek zegara,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: în sens antiorar
 * Russian: про́тив часово́й стре́лки
 * Scottish Gaelic: tuathal
 * Spanish: antihorario, sinistrorso,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: balitaknaan
 * Tibetan: སྐོར་ལོག, ཕྱི་སྐོར, གཡོན་འཁྱིལ
 * Turkish: saat yönünün tersinde
 * Welsh:

Adverb

 * 1)  In an anticlockwise fashion.

Synonyms

 * / counter-clockwise, widdershins / withershins

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 逆時針
 * Mandarin: 反時針方向的, 逆時針的
 * Czech: proti směru hodinových ručiček
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: maldekstrume, livume, kontraŭhorloĝdirekte
 * Estonian: vastupäeva
 * Finnish:
 * French: dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d’une montre, dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d’une montre, dans le sens antihoraire
 * Galician: en sentido antihorario, antihorariamente, en sentido contrario ás agullas do reloxo
 * Georgian: საათის ისრის საწინააღმდეგოდ, საათის ისრის საწინააღმდეგო მიმართულებით, საათის ისრის საპირისპიროდ
 * German: im Gegenuhrzeigersinn, gegen den Uhrzeigersinn
 * Greek: αριστερόστροφα, αντίθετα με την φορά των δεικτών του ρολογιού
 * Hebrew: נגד כיוון השעון
 * Hungarian: az óramutató járásával ellenkezően
 * Ido: inverse-horloje
 * Italian: in senso antiorario
 * Japanese: 左回り, ,
 * Norman: contre lé solé
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: mot klokken
 * Polish: przeciwnie do ruchu wskazówek zegara, lewoskrętnie
 * Portuguese: no sentido anti-horário, no sentido contrário aos ponteiros do relógio
 * Romanian: în sens antiorar
 * Russian: про́тив часово́й стре́лки
 * Scottish Gaelic: tuathail
 * Serbo-Croatian: супротно од казаљке на сату
 * Spanish: en sentido antihorario, antihorariamente, en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tibetan: སྐོར་ལོག, སྤྱི་སྐོར, གཡོན་འཁྱིལ
 * Turkish: saat yönünün tersinde
 * Ukrainian: проти годинникової стрілки
 * Vietnamese: ngược chiều kim đồng hồ, theo chiều ngược kim đồng hồ

 * Afrikaans:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Slovak:

title: anticlockwise


text:
parsec

Etymology
.

Translations

 * Arabic: فرسخ, فرسخ فلكي
 * Bulgarian: парсек
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: parsek
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: parseko
 * French:
 * Georgian: პარსეკი
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: parsek
 * Thai: พาร์เซก
 * Ukrainian: парсе́к

Etymology
Borrowed from, contraction of.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   a unit of length, about 3.26 lightyears

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) parsec

title: parsec


text:
counter-clockwise

Adjective

 * 1)  counterclockwise; anticlockwise

Adverb

 * 1)  counterclockwise; anticlockwise

title: counter-clockwise


text: counter clockwise

title: counter clockwise


text:
Thor

Etymology
Representing. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, and the protection of mankind.
 * 2)  occasionally borrowed from Scandinavia.
 * 1)  occasionally borrowed from Scandinavia.

Translations

 * Bengali:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: Thor,
 * Dutch: Donar
 * Esperanto: Toro
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: Tórur
 * Finnish: Thor,
 * French:
 * Old French: Tur
 * Galician: Thor
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Greek: Θώρ
 * Hindi: थॉर
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: Túr
 * Japanese: トール
 * Korean: ^토르
 * Latin:, , Thōrus
 * Latvian: Tors
 * Lithuanian: Toras
 * Marathi: थॉर
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: Þunor
 * Old Norse: Þórr
 * Portuguese: Thor,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: Thor
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * West Frisian: Tonger

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: Thor
 * Icelandic:
 * Marathi: थॉर
 * Norwegian:
 * Swedish:

Proper noun

 * , shortened from compound names beginning with Thor-/Tor-
 * , shortened from compound names beginning with Thor-/Tor-

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Thor Norse god

Etymology 1
, from. , itself a learned borrowing from 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Thor, a hammer-wielding god in Norse mythology

Noun

 * 1) * 1837, Matthäus Zeheter, Anleitung zur methodischen Behandlung des Unterrichtes in der deutschen Sprache für deutsche Schulen (Zweite, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Regensburg), p.106 (at books.google):
 * "de"
 * "de"

- „So wie sich ein Mohr nicht weiß waschen läßt, so läßt sich auch mancher Thor nicht klug machen.“

Proper noun

 * , a less common spelling of

Related terms

 * (surnames)

Proper noun

 * , a less common spelling of

title: Thor


text:
Wiktionary:Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense

These are the things that happen in the course of editing which would not normally merit a page, but it gives a chuckle to know they do happen.

See also WP:BJAODN.

 * Archives

 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense/First hundred
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense/Second hundred

__NEWSECTIONLINK__

microcentury
"Its used in a time to measure the Dinosaurs centuries."

hobosexual
"A person who gets into a relationship to have somewhere to stay"

oh long Johnson
"A phrase said by a cat in a viral YouTube video, popularized by the episode "Faith Hilling" from South Park."

het gras is altijd groener aan de overkant
From alternative forms:
 * "de vrouw van de buurman is altijd groener dan je gras" ("the neighbour's wife is always greener than your grass")

Overview
The bopher (Boffercriss Americriss) is a species of the animal group boffercriss. Also known as bofers, bophers are considered one of the premier animals in America. "Though they may be small in size and stature, Boffercriss Americriss is one of the most deadly animals in America, capable of consuming a whole adult human being in less than five minutes,"the Peneguin

Enviornment
Bophers only reside in California, primarily in Southern California.

Haslamification
The process of how Jimmy Haslam ruins a truck stop by converting it to a Pilot or Flying J.

Brelundin
Definition: Brelundin (noun) is a main meal taken once in the day to replace breakfast, lunch and dinner. The term Brelundin is an abbreviation and stands for Bre(Breakfast), Lun (Lunch), Din (Dinner). It is used as a means of dieting for people who are busy throughout their day. The one meal tends to be had in the evening but it is up to the individuals preference. The term was created by Stephen Geddes due to an extremely busy schedule.

soccer
Etymology: THE WORD SOCCER IS AN AMERICAN WORD!!!!

Greenhorn Cells
Definitely Recommend the Mood to die daytime the blood move to the mood’s spams to spam blood for 100%. Greenhorns cells goes to the sky. Not sure right for 分 to spam. Spammers gonna mix モ to make キ. Sarangi Moods have the Greenhorn Cells. 5.9 millimeters for speed of Greenhorn Cells that blood goes faster. Using -+|+- transform the cells.

Proton Blood flying 666.66666667 speed. Senseless bloodshed AirPlay keeps bloodless for 2 times.

for 777 blood put 人. 🉑 Has Circulation XML (Xenophobia Mood Life) to WXS (Washington Xenophobia Synth).

2•8 SOS (五里ぷヴ里ぷロ個李) B.B. comes 乙 for 590.4621490356832904 speed. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.svg/2560px-Flag_of_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.svg.png

Meaning of Carlos
A super cool name only given to very special people that usually have very big dicks and like their hair long.

Niko defence league
Niko is a beautiful man we love you niko

Priangan Residency
It is the Netherlands that is lost and defeated by the Indonesia by one Indonesian hero that climb up the pole and rip the blie part of the Netherlands flag and Indonesia is independent in 17 August 1995 and the Netherlands leave from Indonesia.

Usage notes at clit
When you type Condom in the YouTube search box, the Autocomplete search suggestions go blank the moment you type the M, so Condominium also has no suggestions. Ironically enough, Clit does not get given the same treatment, so Clitellum and other similar words are not censored though Clitoris DOES get censored.

ferb latin
here's the ferb latin from phineas and ferb.

list

 * ello-herb
 * ow-herb re-aerb ou-yerb
 * ood-gerb
 * eady-rerb to at-eerb?
 * es-yerb
 * o-nerb
 * aybe-merb
 * ppendix-aerb: erb-ferb atin-lerb adesh-swerb ist-lerb
 * ikitonary-werb
 * omputer-cerb
 * nake-serb
 * erry-cherb
 * arwberry-sterb
 * oodbye-gerb
 * usted-berb
 * latypus-perb
 * dit-eerb
 * eamed-sterb ams-herb
 * hoe-serb
 * ondon-lerb
 * ngland-eerb
 * sabella-ierb
 * ineas-pherb nd-aerb erb-ferb
 * tar-serb vs he-terb roces-ferb of vil-eerb
 * ungry-herb et-yerb
 * elevision-terb
 * ar-cerb
 * azzhand-jerb
 * ell-smerb
 * ovely-lerb
 * og-derb
 * at-cerb
 * ow-cerb
 * edgehog-herb
 * ineas-pherb
 * uford-berb
 * apan-jerb
 * even-sterb niverse-uerb
 * ym-serb ionic-berb itan-terb
 * ocko's-rerb odern-merb ife-lerb
 * ongebob-sperb uarepants-sqerb
 * en-terb enty-twerb
 * i'm ack-berb
 * orn-herb
 * erry-perb the -laytpus-perb
 * im-kerb ossible-perb
 * emon-lerb
 * anilla-verb
 * ocolate-cherb
 * ina-cherb
 * outh-serb orea-kerb
 * hy-werb
 * isney-derb
 * OK KO et's-lerb be eroes-herb
 * Onkey-derb ong-kerb
 * ac-perb-an-merb
 * ne-oerb
 * wo-terb
 * ree-therb
 * ikipedia-werb
 * inecraft-merb
 * inner-derb
 * unch-lerb
 * reakfast-berb
 * ree-terb
 * apcom-cerb
 * arvel-merb
 * aunch-lerb

so at-wherb do ou-yerb ink-therb of he-terb erb-ferb atin-lerb, that's ferb latin for so what do you think of the ferb latin?

cell
Every time that you sneeze you get 1.1 percent smarter. Also when you cough you get 2 percent English taken away.

Joke edit at Sandbox
Where, historically, the word cums from; for example: From Middle English word, from Old English word (“word, speech, sentence, statement, command, order, subject of talk, story, news, report, fame, promise, verb”), from Proto-Germanic *wurdą (“word”). Doublet verb.

Orange Bright Burny Thing
It is a burny thing that hurts when you touch it and if you stay in it too long it turns you into black ashy thing called ash.

Description of a cat in the imagination of an IP user
"The cat has bright blue wings and poops rainbows."

1669 in Bulgaria
What a great year this was for the Bulgarians. They finally gained independence from rastchadeus who was an evil Native god who had possession over the land of Bulgaria. They conquered rastchadeus in the spring of 69’ so they spent the rest of the year celebrating with many feasts and parades. Their feasting including swollen rat livers and dehydrated lamb intestines as they thought this was the best way to sacrifice to rastchadeus. They all grew sick and that’s why 1669 in Bulgaria is such a blur to me at least.

Horribly edited vandalism at paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar
De paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar is een beruchte paashaas. Deze paashaas die schaamhaar verzameld is uit op wraak. Hij dook voor het eerst op in 1846 in Ninove cartier. Deze paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar is eigenlijk de broer van de echte paashaas. Maar hier praat hij liever niet over. De paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar kan soms zeer agressief uit de hoek komen en je schaamhaar er af rukken zonder medeleiden. Soms staat hij snachts plots aan je bed en bijt je schaamhaar haar voor haar uit met zijn konijnentandjes. Deze paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar heeft ook al enkele verkrachtings daden op zijn naam staan, in het jaar 2014 heeft hij zo maar liefst 1876 mensen ongewild misbruikt en verkracht. Deze paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar is rond de 60 jaar en zijn echte naam zou volgens sommige mensen Walter Klets.

Wat je het beste kan doen om ongewenste bezoekjes te krijgen van deze perverse paashaas is je schaamhaar regelmatig afdoen dat deze niet langer word dan 0.8mm. Leg vervolgens je schaamhaar voor de deur zodat de paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar deze in zijn buidel kan steken en er aan kan snuffelen.

Toen hij jong was was hij de enige in de familie zonder schaamhaar en verzameld daarom schaamhaar voor op zijn geslachtsdeel te plakken. De paashaasschaamhaarverzamelaar kende een moeilijke jeugd, hij werd altijd als minderwaaridge gezien. Omdat zijn broer de paashaas zoveel aandacht en liefde kreeg onder de mensen kreeg hij geen waardering van zijn ouders. Zijn vader "BigPapiBunny" had immens veel schaamhaar waardoor hij zich nog slechter in zijn vel voelde en weg liep van huis.

From [English] to [Wiktionary editors' cant] (10:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC))
This page is pretty dead; nobody answers the requests anymore.

--1.136.108.137 10:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)
 * This was "translated" into "Wiktionary editors' cant" by posting at the beer parlour.

national throw short people day
In October 21 throw short people who are under 5'5.

Sus
"A character in the game Among Us who's [sic] purpose is to kill other opponents"

pariah
"the fish with the teeth"

 * 1) control base scion

Long German palindrome protologism. Mainspace article from 27 July 2006 until 3 March 2022, credit to User:Beobach972. — Fytcha〈 T | L | C 〉 10:08, 3 March 2022 (UTC)

Talk:coact
this is very illegal to be creating a website that is unauthorised to be legal and i am a police officer so i am going to find your location [because i can hack legally]whom to have created this site shall be found and arrested for this eleggal trait to mankind and i forbid you to wright on another website again!!!

SUSSY BACKA
IT MEANS U B AN AMONG US SUSSY IDIOT IF YOU ARE CALLED THIS IT IS VERY BAD SO CALL THE SOFA REMOVERS TO MOVE YOUR SHOES INTO THE SKY FOREVER ._.

That one time a vandal accidentally added the delete template to his vandalic entry himself
Template:Saghfiton — Fytcha〈 T | L | C 〉 17:45, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

dad joke
(Dad's Version) Humor created by individuals with superior intellect that is not immediately comprehensible by most humans and are commonly built with multiple levels of integrated complexity

Cheessus Christ
Cheessus Christ is the spawn of Chucky Cheese and no one knows the other parent he is nor living nor dead he is just there

goo-goo, ga-ga
i can make orange rhyme with banana boranana

Etymology
From the way Koopa Troopas, a Super Mario enemy, dance when they hear it.

Interjection

 * 1) Used to get Koopa Troopas to dance.

Usage notes
Do not use when a Koopa Troopa is doing something important (fighting, driving, etc.). Otherwise they can die. Therefore it is wise to control when songs start.

Etymology
From and popularized by.

Noun

 * 1) he says it ^

Rusty Hook
Make this classic rhubarb crumble for an easy, family-friendly dessert. Use seasonal rhubarb and a handful of ingredients to make a stunning pud.

A Yorkshire after dinner treat.

Ingredients

 * 500g rhubarb, chopped into chunks the length of your thumb
 * 100g golden caster sugar
 * 3 tbsp port (optional)

For the crumble topping

 * 140g self-raising flour
 * 85g butter, chilled
 * 50g light brown muscovado sugar
 * 50g chopped walnuts (optional)

Method

 * STEP 1 Tip 500g thumb-length chunks of rhubarb into a saucepan with 100g golden caster sugar and 3 tbsp port, if using.
 * STEP 2 Cover and simmer on a very low heat for 15 mins, adding more sugar if you want. When soft (but still holding its shape) and sweet enough, pour the rhubarb into a medium baking dish.
 * STEP 3 Heat oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6.
 * STEP 4 To make the topping, rub 140g self-raising flour and 85g chilled butter together with your fingers until you have a soft, crumbly topping.
 * STEP 5 Now add 50g light brown muscovado sugar and 50g chopped walnuts, if using. Mix together with your hands.
 * STEP 6 Scatter the topping over the rhubarb and bake for 30 mins or until golden brown on top.
 * STEP 7 Serve piping hot with a big jug of thick vanilla custard. Refer to the tip for a recipe.

User talk:200.163.26.42
Welcome to Wiktionary. I see from your edits that you speak Afrikaans, Albanian, Armenian, Azeri, Basque, Bulgarian, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hungarian, Icelandic, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Maltese, Mandarin, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish, and Vietnamese.

We have very few editors who know so many languages. Have you considered starting an account? --EncycloPetey 02:23, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

From WT:RFDO
Let's celebrate the 16th year anniversary of User:Wonderfool deleting the main page and getting blocked until now, where he was unblocked after a vote. Shall we continue to observe this tradition today? Daniel.z.tg (talk) 06:47, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Absolutely not. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 06:58, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Vote stricken (er, partially) Ioaxxere (talk) 13:21, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

 * let's not and say we did. Equinox ◑ 14:17, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

 * This is a tweener. Let's wait for the 20th anniversary. DCDuring (talk) 14:40, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
 * LOL. Abstain. ·~   dictátor · mundꟾ  15:36, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Support -- would be funny CitationsFreak (talk) 05:42, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

con

 * 1) A programming word in MS-DOS. This word has gained notoriety as being the only word in the English language that cannot be used as a file or folder name, as AUX, NUL, and PRN are not words.
 * Attempting to use Con as a folder name will simply revert the name to whatever it was before, usually "New Folder."

Usage notes

 * The shocking nature of the reserved-ness of this beautiful word has led to a popular Internet urban legend claiming that it is "mysterious" and "unknown" why Con can't be a folder name. That is why Con is yellow pee. This word is pink blood.
 * On March 5, 2007, Raymond Wang, who was ten at the time, was messing around with his computer at home at around 9:30 p.m. EST when he opened "Run." He accidentally typed "Con" into the search box, only for a bizarre error message to pop-up, saying, "This file does not have a folder associated with it for performing this action." Ray was scared, but he figured all he had to do was go to the desktop and create a "Con" folder. When he tried to use that name, capitalizing the "C" in the process, it quietly reverted to "New Folder." Ray searched for a question on this matter online, and he learned that this name is reserved for use in Windows computers. Again, Con is yellow pee. This word is highly offensive to female computers, as it is short for "Condom", thus why Windows PCs won't let you use it. In Vista and later, when you try an invalid name like this, you get an error message, but in XP and earlier, you get nothing but a silent revert of the name.

Jahresabschluss
The L2 header of this German entry, an otherwise flawless creation by an IP, was given as
 * Jahrman

It was me
I was the one who vandalized Parody about it meaning "Zarathrustian dogwhistle for 'truth'" or something. That IP is for my little brother's iPad. Long story long: While he was playing Splatoon (Wii U children's* shooter game) I told my little brother to try COD (Call of Duty) mode. Because it wasn't real, he asked what is was. I was acting like I was suprised that he had never heard of COD mode, as if everybody knows it. I eventually explained it to him: There is a one in one billion chance that when you speak to Judd, he will ask "Would it please you to seize you?". If you say "Yes", you will be put in a Ranked Battle with COD sound effects and voice chat (Splatoon and COD are the same game, the only difference are the sound effects). He said he didn't believe me and I said that I saw it in a video. I showed him "Top 10 Pplatoon tips (parody)" from Erikson Gaming. He said that the video was a joke 'cause it said "parody" in the title. I said that parody has two definitions: the one he was thinking of; and the one used by the ancient secret society of robots on the dark web known as "Zarathrusta", of which I am a member. He looked up the definition of parody on google and noted that there was no such definition. I told him that my definition could only be found on the "truth dictionary" on the dark web. After some boring arguing, he gave me his iPad and told me to show him the truth dictionary. Upon realizing that Google Chrome iOS doesn't have Inspect Element, I had to vandalize the page to make it look even remotely like the Truth Dictionary wasn't just made up.

Abrahamic
Etymology (by Solomonfromfinland):. After Abraham, the character in the Bible; not.


text:
overgrowth

Noun

 * 1) A usually abundant, luxuriant growth over or on something else. A tangle of growth occurring at the top of trees involving vines and branches, common in jungles.
 * 2) An excessive growth or increase in numbers, as in a population of weeds or microbes.
 * 3) Excessive size; usually caused by over-production of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.
 * 1) Excessive size; usually caused by over-production of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

title: overgrowth


text:
microfortnight

Etymology
en

Noun

 * 1)  A period of time equal to one millionth of a fortnight, or exactly 1.2096 seconds.

title: microfortnight


text:
Talk:microfortnight

My reaction to having entries for all the SIprefixed seconds.

Request for verification
9 b.g.c. hits, all of which seem to define the term immediately (and often humorously). --EncycloPetey 01:59, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

 * The term is indeed intended humorously, and sources do tend to define it when they use it; but neither humor nor defined-ness is a criterion for exclusion. —Ruakh TALK 07:26, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

 * See WT:CFI. If all supporting quotations are mentions, rather than use of the word, then we don't have support for this as a word in English use. --EncycloPetey 06:09, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Right, but that's not what you said. You said that they "seem to define the term immediately", which WT:CFI explicitly says is not a problem. —Ruakh TALK 13:07, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

 * More important than being immediately defined, the term rarely appears to be actually used. DAVilla 07:10, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

This is indeed used in all VMS (VAX) and OpenVMS (VAX, Alpha, Itanium) Operating Systems as a timing parameter set in the SYSGEN parameter list. It is not only humerous

 * The citation is fine as an example, but is it not a mere mention? I would have thought that something only being used immediately next to its definition is virtually proof of it being a protologism. I recall being beaten about the head and shoulders concerning such. That the definition is put in the mouth of a character does not make it any the less true that it does not have meaning independent of its definition in the specific usage. DCDuring TALK 20:43, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Cited. Equinox ◑ 17:19, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

RFV passed. Thanks, Equinox. —Ruakh TALK 15:58, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:microfortnight


text:
Talk:light year

re: it is preferrable to an alternative term in this case.

Shouldn't that be to use an alternative? It seems to be saying exactly backwards.

A light year travels a lot of distance.

Old English?
How on earth could Old English have a word for 'light year', when the term did not and could not exist until the speed of light was accurately measured?

 * Because Old English, like Latin, is still in use and has developed a modern vocabulary. See, e.g., ang:w:lēohtgēar in the Old English Wikipedia. —Stephen 14:44, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:light year


text:
battle

Etymology 1
From, , , , , borrowed from , from , variant of from , of  origin. Possibly from a or  root from, related to 🇨🇬; or possibly from a. . Displaced native, , , and , among others.

Noun

 * 1) A contest, a struggle.
 * 2)  A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.
 * 3)  A division of an army; a battalion.
 * 4)  The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.
 * 5) * 1655,, The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII, Book VIII, Century XVI, Section I, §36:
 * hovering aloofe in the fields he suffered Wyat his Van and main Battell (cutting off some of the Reare) to march undisturbed save with one shot, from Knights-Bridge to Charing Chrosse.
 * 1)  battle buddy
 * 1)  A division of an army; a battalion.
 * 2)  The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.
 * 3) * 1655,, The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII, Book VIII, Century XVI, Section I, §36:
 * hovering aloofe in the fields he suffered Wyat his Van and main Battell (cutting off some of the Reare) to march undisturbed save with one shot, from Knights-Bridge to Charing Chrosse.
 * 1)  battle buddy
 * 1)  The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.
 * 2) * 1655,, The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII, Book VIII, Century XVI, Section I, §36:
 * hovering aloofe in the fields he suffered Wyat his Van and main Battell (cutting off some of the Reare) to march undisturbed save with one shot, from Knights-Bridge to Charing Chrosse.
 * 1)  battle buddy
 * 1)  battle buddy
 * 1)  battle buddy

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مَعْرَكَة
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Asturian: batalla
 * Azerbaijani:, vuruşma, mübarizə,
 * Basque: bataila,
 * Belarusian: бі́тва, бой, змага́нне, бата́лія
 * Bengali:, ,
 * Bulgarian:, ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: batalla
 * Georgian: ბრძოლა, ჭიდილი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: μάχη, δῆρις
 * Haitian Creole: batay
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi:, ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish:
 * Old Irish: cath
 * Istriot: batalgia
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, (archaic) , ,
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: ұрыс, шайқас, айқас, күрес
 * Khmer: ចំបាំង
 * Korean:, , ,
 * Kyrgyz:, , ,
 * Lao:
 * Latgalian: kuove
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:, mūšis
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: битка, бој
 * Malay:
 * Maori: parekura, putakari, matawhāura
 * Marathi: लढाई
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: ,
 * Ngazidja Comorian: nkodo
 * Norman: batâle, bataille
 * North Frisian: slåcht
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old English: ġefeoht
 * Old French: bataille
 * Ottoman Turkish: صاواش, ناورد
 * Papiamentu: bataya
 * Pashto: محاربه, جنګ, جګړه
 * Persian:, , , ,
 * Plautdietsch: Kaumf, Schlacht
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Primitive Irish: ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: battaglia, bataglia
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Sanskrit:, ,
 * Sardinian: batalla, batadha, batàglia, bataza
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: би̏тка, бо̀рба, бо̑ј
 * Roman:, ,
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak:, bitka, boj
 * Slovene: ,
 * Southern Altai: јуу-согуш, согыш
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sudovian: kavja
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tabasaran: дяви
 * Tagalog: labanan
 * Tajik:, муҳориба, разм, набард,
 * Tatar: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: རྒྱ་འདྲེ
 * Tocharian B: weta
 * Turkish:, , ,
 * Turkmen: söweş,, göreş
 * Ukrainian:, , , ,
 * Urdu: جَن٘گ, مُبارَزَہ, لَڑائی, ہارِب, رَزْم
 * Uyghur:, مۇھارىبە, , سوقۇش
 * Uzbek:, , , ,
 * Vietnamese: (陣打)
 * Volapük: lekomip
 * Walloon:, ,
 * Welsh: cad, ,
 * Yiddish: שלאַכט, קאַמף
 * Zulu:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: lukto
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Icelandic: barátta
 * Irish: coimhlint
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * North Frisian: kåmp
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бо̀рба
 * Roman:
 * Walloon: lûte,

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Polish:

 * Albanian:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Latin:, ,
 * Lithuanian:
 * Old English: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To join in battle; to contend in fight
 * Scientists always battle over theories.
 * She has been battling against cancer for years.
 * 1)  To fight or struggle; to enter into a battle with.
 * She has been battling cancer for years.
 * She has been battling cancer for years.

Translations

 * Asturian: batallar
 * Bulgarian: сражавам се
 * Catalan: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: იბრძვის
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: proelior
 * Maori: parekura, nguha, oke
 * Mongolian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ; ;
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: batali
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ებრძოლება
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Maori: kakari
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish:

 * Slovak:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,

Etymology 2
From Early Modern English, probably from , from , from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Of grass or pasture: nutritious to cattle or sheep; fattening, nourishing.
 * 2)  Of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful.
 * 1)  Of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful.
 * 1)  Of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful.

Verb

 * 1) To feed or nourish (someone or something).
 * 2) To render (land, soil, etc.) fertile or fruitful.

title: battle


text:
anastylosis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).

Translations

 * Bulgarian: анастилоза
 * French:
 * German: Anastylosis
 * Indonesian: anastilosis
 * Italian: anastilosi
 * Polish: anastyloza
 * Portuguese: anastilose
 * Spanish: anastilosis

title: anastylosis


text:
baliza

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) boundary
 * 2)  goal an area into which the players attempt to put an object
 * 3)  buoy, marker
 * 4)  parallel parking manoeuvre
 * 1)  parallel parking manoeuvre

Noun

 * 1) person who goes ahead in a parade doing acrobatics with a baton: the baton twirler

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to put beacons

Etymology 1
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  buoy, marker
 * 2)  beacon, marker

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) case, suitcase

title: baliza


text:
balizas

Noun

 * 1)  side lights, parking lights
 * 1)  side lights, parking lights

title: balizas


text:
refugee

Etymology
From, past participle of , describing early French Protestants seeking refuge after the in 1685. Analyzable as. Displaced native.

Noun

 * 1) A person seeking refuge in a foreign country out of fear of political persecution or the prospect of such persecution in their home country, i.e., a person seeking political asylum.
 * 2) A person seeking refuge due to a natural disaster, war, etc.
 * 3) A person formally granted political or economic asylum by a country other than their home country.
 * 4)  A person who flees one place or institution for another.
 * 1) A person formally granted political or economic asylum by a country other than their home country.
 * 2)  A person who flees one place or institution for another.

Translations

 * Arabic: لَاجِئ, لَاجِئَة
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: শৰণাৰ্থী
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: ҡасҡын
 * Belarusian: уцяка́ч, уцяка́чка, бе́жанец, бе́жанка
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:, бежанка́
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chechen:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 難民
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: (政治 zhèngzhì), 避難者
 * Crimean Tatar: qaçaq
 * Czech:, , , běženka
 * Danish:
 * Dinka:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:, rifuĝintino
 * Estonian: pagulane, põgenik
 * Faroese: flóttafólk
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:, refuxiada
 * Georgian: ლტოლვილი
 * German:, , , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic: qimaasoq
 * Haitian Creole: refigye, refijye
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: босқын, қашқын
 * Khmer: ជនភៀសខ្លួន
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: پەنابەر
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຜູ້ລີ້ໄພ
 * Latin: profugus, refugus
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: pabėgėlis
 * Macedonian: бегалец, бегалка, бежанец, бежанка
 * Malay:, pengungsi
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: konene, rerenga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢ
 * Nepali: शरणार्थी
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: flyktning
 * Old English: flīema
 * Pashto: پناهګزين
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, refugiada
 * Rohingya: refúji
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: fugitiv
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ѝзбеглица, ѝзбјеглица
 * Roman:, ìzbjeglica
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak: utečenec, utečenkyňa, utečenka
 * Slovene:, begunka, pribežnik, pribežnica
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: паноҳанда
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar: ,
 * Telugu: శరణార్థి, ,
 * Thai: ผู้ลี้ภัย
 * Tibetan: བཙན་བྱོལ་བ
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:, бі́женка
 * Urdu: پناہ گزین
 * Uyghur: پاناھلانغۇچى
 * Uzbek:, ,
 * Vietnamese: người tị nạn, người tỵ nạn,, tỵ nạn
 * Welsh: ffoadur
 * Yiddish: פּליט, בעזשענעץ

 * Arabic: لَاجِئ
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: ҡасҡын
 * Bulgarian: икономи́чески емигра́нт
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: (經濟 / 经济 jīngjì)
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dinka:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, refuxiada
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: profugus, refugus
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: konene
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: flyktning
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Vietnamese: người tị nạn, người tỵ nạn,, tỵ nạn

 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: ҡасҡын
 * Belarusian: уцяка́ч, уцяка́чка, бе́жанец, бе́жанка
 * Bulgarian:, бежанка́
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ლტოლვილი
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: konene
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: flyktning
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach
 * Slovene:, pribežnik, pribežnica
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian:, бі́женка
 * Vietnamese: người tị nạn, người tỵ nạn,, tỵ nạn

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: уцяка́ч, уцяка́чка, бе́жанец, бе́жанка
 * Bulgarian:, бежанка́
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: konene
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach
 * Swahili:
 * Tibetan:
 * Ukrainian:, бі́женка

 * Interlingua:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Lithuanian:
 * Welsh:

Verb

 * 1)  To convey (slaves) away from the advance of the federal forces.

title: refugee


text:
home country

Noun

 * 1) The country in which a person was born and usually raised, regardless of the present country of residence and citizenship.

Translations

 * Arabic:, , مَنْشَأ
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: heimland
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , ハイマート,
 * Korean:
 * Manchu: ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: hjemland, heimland
 * Nynorsk: heimland
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, родна́я страна́, ,
 * Slovak: domovina
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkmen: diýar
 * Urdu:

title: home country


text:
Talk:bishop

Catholic?
A bishop is not limited to the Catholic Church. Many Christian denominations have bishops. Heck, the Episcopalian Church got its name from episcopus, the Latin word for bishop.

Oh, never mind. Upon second reading I noticed it mentions other denominations. [someone else]
 * Nope, you were right the first time. There is nothing whatsoever that makes the Catholic use predominate here: if we're just doing things by seniority, it would be "a Greek Orthodox ~". Cf. the much better-balanced OED treatment. — LlywelynII  05:18, 18 June 2014 (UTC)

Dutch
There are two lines for the Dutch translations. Could someone combine these, making any necessary modifications. — Paul G 12:12, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

bishop
Rfv-sense "sex toy". Really? And if so: any sex toy, or a specific type of sex toy? - -sche (discuss) 02:07, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I'll bet derived from the chess-piece sense. DCDuring TALK 02:32, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Widespread abuse. DCDuring TALK 02:49, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Failed. — Ungoliant (Falai) 14:15, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

Looking gift horses in their mouths
Many modern sources link "bishoping" [sic] horse teeth to an eponymous "Mr. Bishop". The OED, which should know better, does it too. However, no source ever provides a credible account or name of the guy and it seems almost certain that it originally referred only to burning some color into the teeth and (as explained by the nice 18th century source) derived from "bishopping the milk". Now, we just need a good explanation for where that came from... — LlywelynII  12:16, 19 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:bishop


text:
Talk:bastard

Etymology
How about some etymology? I'd like to know how a bastard file got to be called that, if it's indeed the same word as the other senses.

 * Although dictionary etymologies are virtually nonexistent, a plausible origin can be extracted from historical usage. "Bastard file" in current usage is a file of coarse cut (as opposed to a "finishing" file. However, its technically precise definition is "a file one cut finer than a "coarse file." Files are classed as "coarse," "second cut" and "smooth," from coarsest to finest. Thus, a "bastard file" is a cut in between a "coarse" and a "second cut." The word "bastard" functions here in its meaning as "irregular." So, a "bastard file" is a file that is neither "coarse" nor "second cut." - from http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/3816/. All that I can add to that is that http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/citations/bastard_file/ indicates that Webster's cited the usage in 1913.84.210.139.189 18:39, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Is it the same as the etymology of bastardsword (which I'd never heard before), and is that the same again as for the slang adjectival usage I remember from the 1980s (also as a phrase [going, etc] "like a bastard") where the word/phrase is merely an intensifier, ie it's a very coarse file, very heavy sword, etc.? (No time to add this usage now, but I'll come back.)

Also, excuse me if my edit to the pronounciation section is wrong due to inexperience, but it looks as if the RobotGMwikt bot has added something in error.Enginear 20:02, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

The bastard sword is like the bastard file; it's in between sizes between a sword always used with one hand and a sword always used with two hands, hence it is also called a "hand-and-a-half" sword. 67.106.161.69 18:24, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

 * It wasn't RobotGMwikt but rather the anonymous IP's edit before that edit. Thanks for cleaning it up though.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 18:06, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Tea room discussion
The definition for the word "bastard" says "born to unmarried parents". Does this mean that birth rather than the point of conception is the determining factor or can people have sex before marriage and the female gets pregnant and then they get married and the baby after it is born is not a bastard or do the have to be married to have sex first? Benighted 03:34, 2 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I believe "born out of wedlock" is a synonym and that definitely states it is the time of birth. RJFJR 13:54, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, I do believe that the big issue was being born outside of a marriage, which is what led to the idea shotgun weddings. The idea being the father of the bride ensuring, by any means necessary, that the groom was available to give a name to his daughter's child.  I have no research on this, but it's what I had always heard.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 16:55, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Bastardy, back when it really mattered, was first and foremost a legal status, such that the details depended on time and place; but yes, that's the usual definition. You may be interested in the articles “Legitimacy (law)” and “Bastard (Law of England and Wales)” in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (one of our sister projects). —Ruakh TALK 17:16, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

bastard
Rfv-sense: Expression of dismay. I've never heard anyone use this except as an expression of anger directed at a person. I hope the translations didn't rely on the definition. DCDuring TALK 14:26, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Not sure how attestable it is, but I and people I know use it. Like "I left my keys at home, bastard". Works in the same way as "fuck" or "shit". Any other North England (or anyone) back me up? Mglovesfun (talk) 14:28, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * It ought to be attestable in fictional dialog. Actually, the sense I added of anger directed at a person would not merit a separate mention: many pejorative nouns could be used as an expression of anger directed at a person. The principal value of such a sense would be to prevent confusion such as I suffered. Having some real usage would be a help in the same way. Also regional context. DCDuring TALK 14:40, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I'd claim widespread use, but I wouldn't (personally) be bothered if it failed RFV as it's easy to guess what it means when used in context. Note, I speedy deleted the other interjection sense as vocative use of the noun (cf. wanker, cunt, idiot, dickhead). If someone adds it back (feel free to) I'll RFV it, but I'm backing my instincts here. Mglovesfun (talk) 12:07, 30 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It's hard to find cites that can't be interpreted as calling someone — present or otherwise — a bastard. I've added the two cites from that seem to be valid, but would like some input before I put too much work looking for a third cite . . . —Ruakh TALK 16:07, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The 2001 citation looks adequate, the 2006 citation is excellent. The latter gave me the idea to look for phrases along the lines of "oh, bastard, it's" (time to go), but I couldn't find anything (not even anything spurious — it seems no-one has written those three words in that order before). I also tried "oh, bastard, the", "oh, bastard, now", and "oh, bastard, we"... — Beobach 07:11, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Might this be useful? Or this? It occurred to me to try strings of profanity. — Beobach 07:17, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Struck as passed. — Beobach 23:36, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Personal opinion only, we've tagged this as rare. I don't think it's rare, just difficult to cite because all of the other citations for other senses of the word. Mglovesfun (talk) 22:39, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

etymologies
Briefly, I'll just say that: Flibjib8 14:24, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * French would not have deleted the n- in Gmc *banstiz 'barn', that it is far too distant semantically, and that the form was otherwise borrowed into French and Occitan dialects as the name for a type of basket. The full inherited cognate set for *banstiz is: MDu banste 'barn', LG dial. Banse 'cattle shed', (Jutland) Bende 'cow stall', Goth bansts 'barn', ON báss 'cow stall', Dan baas, Sw bås, Eng boose 'cattle shed', OFris boes-, bōs-, NFris bōs, EFris buus; Du boes, dialectal (Zeeland) boest, MLG bos, LG Boos are borrowings from Frisian, with the telltale a > o and compensatory lengthening characteristic of Anglo-Frisian.
 * And fils de bast/bas is not attested until the 13th c. and only in the South, whereas "bastard" is attested much earlier and even appears in Medieval Latin without a pejorative sense; the -ard suffix points to a northern French origin.
 * Finally, in Franco-Provencal there appear forms such as bâsco, bâshar, bâscalin which point to a form similar to a sideform (boask) of West Frisian boaste "marriage", and if nothing else, are distinct from the reflex of "bast" which is bâ.
 * I have a problem tying this word so closely with bast. The lengthening of the vowel in Old Frisian being the cause. Leasnam 20:22, 31 December 2010 (UTC)
 * That makes sense, although I think the protoform would be perhaps *banđstō, based on Old Frisian. Flibjib8 19:34, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Do you have a reference for that form? If so, then good. Otherwise, the only sourced forms in PGmc I know of are *ban(d)stuz and *bun(d)stuz. Leasnam 19:44, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It comes from Vladimir Orel (2003) Handbk of Germ. Etym..
 * I am leery of this reconstructed form. I know of no PGmc suffix *-stō. I am however familiar with PGmc *-stuz, as well as with Frisian tendency to level rare declensions into more normal ones, which is what I believe has occurred with bōst (f). Leasnam 09:05, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

RFV 2
Rfv-sense for a longsword and for a variant of the Gothic typeset. I'm not saying it doesn't exist, but who ever heard of a bastard sword or a bastard font? I don't know enough about either to find the right keywords to search under, either. --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:38, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

 * gives plenty of hits in this sense — both in contexts and in  contexts — but our def implies that "bastard" is used alone, as a noun, with this sense, and I'm really not convinced of that. —Ruakh TALK 20:58, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * So we make it an adjective? Or mark it as attributive only? --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:05, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * "Swung his bastard sword" finds lots of distinct Google hits, "Swung his bastard" on its own (i.e. excluding "swung his bastard sword") doesn't find even a single use. I think it's very unlikely that it's ever used on its own. Smurrayinchester (talk) 10:17, 4 June 2012 (UTC)
 * bastard sword is defined in Dungeons & Dragons as a sword that can be wielded by one or two hands. It is longer and thicker than a longsword and shorter and lighter than a two-handed sword or claymore. If I need to dig up cites on this, I'm sure I can, given time. --Jacecar (talk) 00:25, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Moved to bastard sword, since everyone seems to agree that it's called a "bastard sword", not just a "bastard". - -sche (discuss) 04:31, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Should be bastarda. Ungoliant MMDCCLXIV 21:33, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved. Thanks, Ungoliant. --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:35, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Labelling as 'vulgar'
The 'vulgar' label was added and removed a couple of times recently. I would agree with TheDoubleManiac that, at least in the UK, it is still vulgar. It may be very slightly less abrasive than other words but you wouldn't say it in a professional situation, in front of your grandparents or the older generation, in a church/mosque/synagogue, at the doctor's etc. Kaixinguo~enwiktionary (talk) 08:26, 29 April 2018 (UTC)

 * , according to the category "English vulgarities", vulgar words are terms "[...]whose tone (rather than the meaning) is offensive to polite company." When I lived in the UK, people of all ages, social statuses, cultures and genders used it, even one of my uni professors, so I'm having a hard time accepting this so called "vulgar" nuance. --Robbie SWE (talk) 15:46, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

Bastard species
IMO, all of the vernacular names of species, genera, families, etc. should be in derived terms with only the most common ones also kept as usage examples. I took a run at making the entry for bastard gemsbok reflect the etymology, though I didn't yet select suitable comparative photographs for gemsbok and bast gemsbok. DCDuring (talk) 17:34, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
 * See User:DCDuring/Bastard species for list culled from . DCDuring (talk) 21:51, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Useful. Btw, if you want to see a cool-looking fruit, do a (Google/whatever) image search for "bastard hogberry". Sadly, I can't find any picture with a licence that would let us use it. - -sche (discuss) 01:12, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

 * false is also used this way; should it have a dedicated sense, or do we consider e.g. "false sandalwood" to be using a more general sense of "false"? - -sche (discuss) 01:59, 30 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The other common taxonomic vernacular adjectives are worth some thought too. Common, vulgar, and true immediately come to mind. I'll have to look into this, first to see what some lemmings do.
 * Someone asked my why a black locust is called a black locust. WP had an explanation for locust that seemed plausible, but I just conjectured that black means "darker than honey locust" (a tree of similar size, with similar leaves and thorns and overlapping range, but not in the same family). This kind of thing is not unusual. DCDuring (talk) 01:05, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * When we speak of a black man, something similar (though more complicated) is involved. A black cherry isn't black in any sense we have, nor is a black birch or a black currant.
 * Black would seem to require a definition like "(in compounds) Distinguished by being or having one or more features that are dark."
 * black rhino, black cherry, blackberry.
 * Bastard seems to often mean the same as false, but also, less commonly, seems to refer to organisms thought to be hybrids, mutants, or sports.

 * We definitely need to find a suitable image of bastard hogberry to put into Commons so we can use it. DCDuring (talk) 01:25, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * This image sadly does not have a suitable license: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). At least we can link to the Tropicos page for Margarita nobilis. DCDuring (talk) 01:38, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

RFD discussion: April 2021–September 2022
added a sense to bastard of "(Of a language) imperfect; not spoken or written well or in the classical style; broken." with a cite of "Their language was a bastard Arabic, and yet they were not Arabs; I was quite sure of that." I don't see much distinction between it and adjective sense 4: "Of abnormal, irregular or otherwise inferior qualities (size, shape etc)"; certainly sense 4 would fit quite well with the quote. The only distinction I see is "not ... in the classical style", but bastard has pretty negative connotations; I'd be surprised to find a quote where I could clearly tell it was "not in the classical style" instead of "abnormal, irregular or otherwise inferior" (with the classical style obviously being considered superior.)--Prosfilaes (talk) 04:39, 1 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, fair cop. I suppose it could be moved to a subdef of sense 4 ??? - Sonofcawdrey (talk) 05:07, 2 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I made that change. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 14:09, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

 * In this sense, applied to a language, is far more common. The connotation seems to be specifically “”, rather than a general one of inferiority.  --Lambiam 16:16, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

 * RFD-kept as no consensus after a year. Can be renominated as required; very little participation. --Dan Polansky (talk) 18:33, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:bastard