text:
impartial

Etymology
Borrowed from. See.

Adjective

 * 1) treating all parties, rivals, or disputants equally; not partial; not biased

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: бесстаро́нні, непрадузя́ты
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: upartisk
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: erapooletu
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: imparcial
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: ἀδέκαστος
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: непристрасен
 * Malayalam:
 * Manx: neuvaiagh
 * Maori: tōkeke, ngākau tapatahi
 * Norwegian: upartisk,
 * Persian: حقگو
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: cothromach, neo-chlaon
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian:, неупере́джений

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ; ; ;

Etymology
From.

title: impartial


text:
stampede

Etymology

The is derived from, from , , from , from , from , from.

The is derived from the noun.

Noun

 * 1)  A wild, headlong running away or scamper of a number of animals, usually caused by fright.
 * 2) A situation in which many people in a crowd are trying to move in the same direction at the same time, especially in consequence of a panic.
 * 3)  An event at which cowboy skills are displayed; a rodeo.
 * 4)  A sudden unconcerted acting together of a number of persons due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1) A situation in which many people in a crowd are trying to move in the same direction at the same time, especially in consequence of a panic.
 * 2)  An event at which cowboy skills are displayed; a rodeo.
 * 3)  A sudden unconcerted acting together of a number of persons due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1)  An event at which cowboy skills are displayed; a rodeo.
 * 2)  A sudden unconcerted acting together of a number of persons due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1)  An event at which cowboy skills are displayed; a rodeo.
 * 2)  A sudden unconcerted acting together of a number of persons due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1)  A sudden unconcerted acting together of a number of persons due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian: стампедо
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: ჭყლეტა
 * German:
 * Hebrew:, , נהירה
 * Hindi:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 群集事故
 * Macedonian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: paniczna ucieczka
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: пани́ческое бе́гство
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: стампе̑до
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: panikartad flykt
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Welsh: rhuthr, rhusfa

 * Bikol Central: roborobo
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 人踩人
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, ryntäys
 * French:
 * Georgian: ჭყლეტა, მასობრივი პანიკა, პანიკური გაქცევა
 * German: ,
 * Indonesian: rempuhan
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay: (رمڤوهن)
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: mkanyagano
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh: rhuthr, rhuthrad

 * Finnish: ryntäys
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian:

Verb

 * 1) To cause (a drove or herd of animals) to run away or scamper in a wild, headlong manner, usually due to fright.
 * 2) To cause animals (owned by a person) to run away or scamper in this manner.
 * 3)  To cause (people in a crowd) to move in the same direction at the same time, especially due to panic.
 * 4)  To cause (an individual) to act hastily or rashly.
 * 5)  To cause (people) to act in a sudden unconcerted manner due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 6) Of a drove or herd of animals: to run away or scamper in a wild, headlong manner, usually due to fright.
 * 7)  Of people in a crowd: to move in the same direction at the same time, especially due to panic.
 * 8)  Of people: to act in a sudden unconcerted manner due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1) Of a drove or herd of animals: to run away or scamper in a wild, headlong manner, usually due to fright.
 * 2)  Of people in a crowd: to move in the same direction at the same time, especially due to panic.
 * 3)  Of people: to act in a sudden unconcerted manner due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1)  Of people in a crowd: to move in the same direction at the same time, especially due to panic.
 * 2)  Of people: to act in a sudden unconcerted manner due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.
 * 1)  Of people: to act in a sudden unconcerted manner due to, or as if due to, some common impulse.

Translations

 * Finnish: rynnätä pakoon
 * Macedonian:
 * Maori: rara

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 人踩人
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: aiheuttaa ryntäys
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: aiheuttaa ryntäys
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: aiheuttaa ryntäys
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: rynnistää
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian:

 * Slovak:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: stampede


text:
Wiktionary:Protected page guidelines

''This page is linked to whenever a protected page is edited. It should not be deleted.''

Introduction to protection
You may have come here from a link shown to you when you tried to edit a protected page, which cannot currently be edited. We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause; we try to protect pages only where absolutely necessary, and to unprotect them as soon as possible.

With the exception of a few pages that are permanently protected, you will be able to edit the page when it is unprotected. In the meantime, please feel free to discuss the changes you want to make in the Tea Room. Thank you for your interest in Wiktionary.

Guidelines
Current policy restrictions on editing protected pages for sysops:

 * None, but it should be noted that unless there is good reason to protect a page, it should be unprotected. Unprotected is best, semi-protected is acceptable if necessary, and fully protected should be avoided unless the page is a high-profile static page, or a vandalism target.

Current guidelines and recommendations:

 * When making changes to a protected template page, please insert   or its equivalent on the main template page and move documentation and, surrounded by "includeonly" tags, categories and interwiki links to the documentation page.

Protected titles (pages that do not currently exist)
Wikimedia software allows protecting a page that does not exist, preventing its (re-)creation (by non-admins, or only by non-autoconfirmed users) if it is a likely target of vandalism, spamming, or other useless activity. There is also a page title blacklist that can block classes of page titles based on regular expressions. The special page Special:Protectedtitles lists the protections presently in force.
 * Guideline/recommendation: use this mechanism when pages are frequently inappropriately recreated. If the title is entirely bogus, set level to sysop/admin; if a page under the title is plausible, perhaps in another language or with citations, set level to autoconfirmed-only. Provide a rationale. Set a reasonable time limit on the protection.
 * To request unprotection if you want to create a page with valid content and are unable, ask an active administrator or post in a community discussion forum such as the WT:BP or WT:TR.

title: Wiktionary:Protected page guidelines


text:
oxblood

Noun

 * 1) A dark brownish-red colour.
 * 2) The blood of an ox.
 * 1) The blood of an ox.

Adjective

 * 1) Of a dark brownish-red colour.

title: oxblood


text: anti-hero

title: anti-hero


text:
pillar-box red

Noun

 * 1) A bright red colour, like that of a British post box.

Adjective

 * 1) Of a bright red colour, like that of a British post box.

title: pillar-box red


text:
bast

Etymology
From, from , from (compare the 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), perhaps an alteration of ,  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) Fibre made from the phloem of certain plants and used for matting and cord.
 * 2) * 1919,, , Duckworth, hardback edition, page 87
 * I thought I saw Him in the Long Walk there, by the bed of Nelly Roche, tending a fallen flower with a wisp of bast.
 * 1) * 1919,, , Duckworth, hardback edition, page 87
 * I thought I saw Him in the Long Walk there, by the bed of Nelly Roche, tending a fallen flower with a wisp of bast.

Related terms

 * (possibly)

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Bashkir: сүс
 * Belarusian: лы́ка, луб
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: basto
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: tasco
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: vennä
 * Japanese:
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: ний
 * Western Mari: ни
 * Middle English: bast
 * Navajo: azhííh
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: entrecasca
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: лика
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: łyko
 * Upper Sorbian: łyko
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: ли́ко, луб, мачу́ла

Etymology 1
.

Adjective

 * 1)  supplied, furnished, provided
 * 2) rough, crude
 * 1) rough, crude

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) packsaddle

Noun

 * 1) raffia
 * 1) raffia

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) inner bark
 * 2)  velvet
 * 3)  skin, hide

Etymology 1
From, from , perhaps an alteration of ,.

Noun

 * , raffia
 * 1) rope made of

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A cord or cable manufactured using.
 * 2)  Bast; fibre made from the phloem of plants.

Etymology 2
(🇨🇬), probably a.

Noun

 * 1)  Illegitimacy; the state of being illegitimate.

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  (fibre material)

Etymology 2
Via cant,. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  years old

Usage notes
Often when emphasizing an old or (ironically) young age, in a given context.

title: bast


text: Ritschel

title: Ritschel


text:
Talk:malinger

we should add pronunciation info. also, if someone could record it, so that we can play it back...

title: Talk:malinger


text:
chrome red

Noun

 * 1) A bright reddish orange pigment.

Adjective

 * 1) Having a bright reddish orange colour

title: chrome red


text:
Congo red

Noun

 * 1) A dye that turns red in alkaline, blue in acidic solutions.

title: Congo red


text:
Old Red Sandstone

Proper noun

 * 1) A red sedimentary rock formation in Britain.

Translations

 * Finnish: devonihiekkakivi

title: Old Red Sandstone


text:
Panama Red

Proper noun

 * 1) A type of marijuana, originally from Panama.

title: Panama Red


text:
phenol red

Noun

 * 1)  A pH indicator and red dye used to test kidney function.

title: phenol red


text:
Wiktionary:Etymology

General
Etymology is the study of the origins of words. The vocabularies of modern languages come from a variety of different sources: some have evolved from older words, others have been borrowed from foreign languages, and some have been named from people, developed from initialisms, or even have been deliberately invented by a certain author. Etymology sections in entries of the English-language Wiktionary provide factual information about the way a word has entered the language and usually some sense of its semantic development.

Brief
Etymology sections should not be too verbose, particularly because they appear before the definitions; usually a simple list of previous forms is all that is required. They should be based on reliable sources but should not be copied verbatim from another source.

Some words may also benefit from further details, such as cognate words in related languages, or some illustrative comments.

There is currently no standard for longer discussions of etymology.

Lemma
Include the etymology on the main entry (the lemma), even if historically it derived from another form, such as by back-formation.

Folk etymologies
Folk etymologies should not usually be discussed in entries. This can however be discussed where the folk etymology is widespread. However priority should be given to the 'correct' etymology, with the folk etymology being kept brief to avoid unnecessarily lengthening the etymology section. Unreasonably long material may be moved to the talk page, where it can be discussed at length.

Surface etymologies
Etymologies trace the historical development of words, not simply an analysis of their current (“surface”) forms. For example, comes from Ancient Greek  (via Latin), though its surface form can be analyzed as  +, as the components are valid English combining forms. Conversely, does not come from an Ancient Greek term, but is rather a, coined c. 1800.

Analyses of surface forms are of value, but do not replace and should not be confused with an account of historical development. For example, the entry for should not read *“From  + ”, but should instead read “From Latin, …. Surface analysis + .”

Phrases, compounds, acronyms, and abbreviations
For a term that is composed of base words separated by spaces or hyphens, do not add an etymology that just notes the base words. This can be better shown by wikilinking the term in the inflection line. The English term computer language, for instance currently has no etymology, and the base words are automatically linked to with the headword line template. Similarly, the etymology of acronyms or abbreviations is simply the definition, and no separate etymology is necessary.

Conversely, for compounds – a single word without spaces or hyphens, such as – a brief etymology section using  is useful, as wikilinking the components in the headline of the entry does not distinguish the components (it would just appear to be a single clickable link).

However, if some etymology would prove useful, it should be included – for example, history of usage or coinage, such as (coined during WWII for the chaos of war), or explanations of set phrases or idioms such as  (hangover cure, from folk remedy for rabies), or the origin of a proverb or word that can be traced to a particular source or sources such as.

See also Compounds.

Etymology jargon
Some words have conventional usage in etymology:
 * from
 * Using a bare “from” denotes a single step, with no intermediate steps – a direct descendant or borrowing – as in: “From French, from Latin, from Proto-Italic, from Proto-Indo-European.”

 * ultimately from
 * Using “ultimately from” indicates that some intermediate steps have been elided when there are many intermediary steps or the specific languages are unclear. For example, “Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European” (but by some other languages in between), or at 🇨🇬, “Ultimately from 🇨🇬” (through an unclear intermediary).

 * akin / related
 * The term “akin” is used to indicate an attested word that is presumed to be etymologically related, when the ultimate etymon is not attested. This is used particularly for proto-languages, for language groups, and for unattested terms in attested languages.

 * For example, in tracing an English word back to Proto-Indo-European (which is not attested), presumed cognates of its Old English parent word can be referred to with “from Old English X, akin to Old High German Y, Latin Z, etc.”
 * Similarly, if a word can be traced back to an indeterminate Germanic language, one can give examples of related attested words, but not state a specific etymon (because unknown), writing for instance “of Germanic origin; akin to Old Saxon X” (but might be from Old Frisian or another language).
 * “Akin” can also be used when the specific etymon is not attested in an otherwise attested language, for example: “: ultimately from Latin + base akin to ” (but * is not attested).
 * "Akin" is a weaker claim than "cognate to". The former only implies relationship in some, possibly so far undetermined fashion, while the latter is commonly understood to imply descent from a common ancestor.

Layout: Borrowed or inherited words
There are numerous types of word origins, including borrowing and word formation mechanisms, followed by processes of lexical change, notably sound change and semantic change. These can be formatted in conventional ways, as detailed below.

From vs symbol
There are two ways to denote the sequence of derivations in an etymology section. Historically, some editors used the word “from” to separate ancestors, while others used the algebraic “<”. (The symbol “<” implies an arrow that points in the direction of language change.) A 2011 vote did not reach a consensus on a preferred form, but since then, the number of entries using “<” has declined to the point that “from” is Wiktionary's de facto standard. However, “<” is still found, especially to show the progression of intermediate forms:
 * (at ), from an earlier *leite < *laite, from , from , from . Compare 🇨🇬.

Inherited words
A significant category of words in a language are the so-called ‘native’ or ‘inherited’ words; in some languages, but not all, they form the majority of words. This means that they have developed from an earlier form of the language which may or may not have gone by the same name. Some of these ancestor-languages were written down and are well-attested, but others are not. For example, French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian and Portuguese all developed from Latin. The French word, for instance, and the Spanish word both evolved from the Latin word  (they are cognates). They were not borrowed from Latin; the Latin language evolved naturally in different areas into the different forms.

The ancestors of English are, in order: Middle English, Old English, Proto-Germanic, and Proto-Indo-European, and native words are those that came from these ancestors, without at any stage being borrowed from a different language, nor by being borrowed from an ancestor at a later time.

One should show the complete sequence of ancestors if possible, not just the immediately preceding form.

To specify the source language from which a term was inherited and to link to the original term, use. See Templates, below, for details. If an ancestor had the same meaning as the descendant, it does not require a gloss in, but if the meaning changed, one should gloss the ancestor, showing the earlier meaning.

For native words, you can show the sequence of ancestors as follow, as in :

===Etymology=== From, from , from, from.
 * From, from , from , from.

The initial ancestor can be prefaced by “From”, assuming it is different from the current form, but some editors prefer not to preface it by “From”.

Even if the current form is identical to an earlier form, the same format should be used, so that identically spelled words in earlier language can be linked. For example, is identical in spelling to its immediate Middle English ancestor, giving the following format: ===Etymology=== From, from.
 * From, from.

Reconstructed terms
In some cases, the ancestor terms were not recorded. The most recent ancestor language to English, German, Swedish and Dutch, which was spoken around the same time as Classical Latin, was not written down. We call it Proto-Germanic, because it developed into the various Germanic languages, of which English is one. Many words from this language can be inferred with great confidence by comparing the surviving forms in daughter languages.

Some terms may be unattested in an otherwise known and attested language. For example, many Latin terms were newly developed and came to be used by the common people of the late Roman Empire, yet scribes did not write them down as they were colloquial rather than literary. We call these terms Vulgar Latin and they form the basis of the modern Romance languages.

Because reconstructed terms are not attested, there are different rules for them. They must always be preceded by an asterisk * to indicate that they are reconstructed, and entries for reconstructed terms are not allowed in the main namespace. Adding * before a reconstructed term ensures that the links point to the right place.

Some examples:

yields:

yields:

The inclusion of cognate words in related languages is particularly useful for inherited words, since they show how the same original form has developed in different daughter languages.

In the entry :

===Etymology=== , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * , from . Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Borrowings
Some words have been borrowed from other languages, either because of a historical occupation or co-existence, or simply through exposure to other languages. For example, the English word is borrowed from Latin, which itself was borrowed from Ancient Greek. Borrowings can be ancient or recent. When words are first borrowed into a language they may still ‘seem’ foreign; examples in English include or. After a while they become more naturalised—like French borrowings from the last century such as or. Eventually they seem completely native, such as or  (borrowed from Old Norse and Latin respectively).

Beware to differentiate Ancient Greek, using the language code grc for Ancient Greek, as in , not the code el, which is for Modern Greek.

Key waves of borrowings into English are from (non), Anglo-Norman (xno), and  (frm) in the 14th century. See English language: Word origins for discussion.

Many words in English are also ultimately of French (fr), (la; see ), and  (<tt>grc</tt>) origin, but often not directly.

While there are some borrowing from modern French, such as, many terms are instead from Middle French, or from (<tt>fro</tt>) via Anglo-Norman. Many terms of Latin origin entered English via French, while many terms of Ancient Greek origin entered English via Latin or French or both; see also Stages of Latin, below. Further, many terms with Latin or Ancient Greek etymologies are not borrowings from ancient languages, but instead are s – modern coinages based on nativized s. For example, is not borrowed from Ancient Greek, but is coined from  +.

In addition, in modern times especially, English has borrowed from a great many languages.

Stages of Latin
Further, it is useful to differentiate which stage of Latin a borrowing is from –, followed by  (written;   3rd c.–6th c.) and  (spoken;   3rd c.–9th c.),  (  6th c.–c. 1500), and  (  c.1500–now). These non-ISO codes are used in and other etymology templates; for example,  contains: which yields:

Note also that Vulgar Latin terms are generally not attested, hence the reconstructed terms should be linked to with an asterisk, as in : which yields:

See Dialects for details on these codes.

Differentiate borrowings
If any step of a word’s history is a borrowing, this step should be flagged as such; in English, any word not inherited from Middle English, from Old English, from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European, is at some stage a borrowing.

Languages may borrow from an ancestor at a later date: for example, the two Spanish words and  both come from Latin, but the former was a natural development (hence ‘native’), whereas the latter was borrowed back into Spanish much later (in the fifteenth century in this case).

Example
To flag a borrowing, use or the shortcut ; for instance, in the entry :

===Etymology=== Borrowed from, from. Compare.
 * Borrowed from, from . Compare.

Borrowed forms
A form of a word may be borrowed, in which case one should say “From Xus, form of X”, where Xus is the form, and X is the lemma.

See Lemmas for which form of a verb is the lemma in various languages; notably for Latin, the lemma is the first, the first person present indicative, such as , rather than the infinitive (such as ), which is the lemma in English.

Beware that a form may be borrowed, and then other forms created by regular formation or back-formation, while in other cases different forms may be borrowed independently, as in the below example: was borrowed into English from Latin, derived from Latin , while this latter was also borrowed into English as  – stimulus/stimulate are not formed from each other in English by a regular rule or back-formation.

Example
In the entry :

From, perfect passive participle of , from.
 * From, perfect passive participle of , from.

Modern form
When listing a borrowing from an old language, it is useful to list the modern inherited cognate in daughter languages of the original language. For example, in English, one may write:
 * From (Icelandic, Swedish , Danish , Norwegian Bokmål , Norwegian Nynorsk ).

Displaced native words
Borrowings may displace a native word, rather than providing a new word; this may also occur with new coinages. If this is so, one may list the displaced word in the etymology section, provided that this does not make the etymology unnecessarily long. Examples include English (replaced ) and French  (replaced ).

Inflected forms
For words that are not considered separate lemmas, but rather inflected forms of another word, etymologies are not usually added. This includes plural forms, inflected verb forms, case forms and so on. In such words, the etymology is usually implicit in the definition of the form, and should not be stated separately. However, if the formation is irregular in some way (such as from ), an etymology might be useful. Additionally, the template nonlemma is often used in entries with multiple etymology sections in which one or more sections is a lemma, to indicate that a more complete etymology is not missing from non-lemma sections.

Affixation and compounds
If a word is formed by a regular rule, such as adding an affix, it is preferred not to repeat the complete details of the base word’s origin on the page for the derived or inflected form: simply show the rule, and leave the more informative etymology for the lemma of the base word.

The templates and  (with the arguments <tt>t1</tt> and <tt>t2</tt> for translation if components are not clear) are useful for this, and place entries into the correct categories (“words prefixed/suffixed with …”), as in the following entry for : ===Etymology=== From.
 * From.

A compound word is a word composed of two or more smaller words, but used as a single unit, like science fiction or website. For these, the etymology can simply be.

Back-formations
Conversely, words that look like a regular formation can have the formation reversed (especially, removing apparent affixes), yielding a new word. This is called back-formation, and the template helps here.

Not to be confused with clipping, which is just a shortening of a word, not the undoing of a formation, and does not change the meaning or part of speech.

Note that back-formations are generally the lemma entry, and should have the more informative etymology, rather than relegating the earlier etymology to the etymon.

Examples
In the entry :

===Etymology===
 * Back-formation from.

Blends (portmanteau words)
A blend or portmanteau word is a word which was originally formed by combining two other words. For example, is a blend of  and.

Examples
In the entry :

===Etymology=== .

Coined expressions
In some historically recent cases where words have been deliberately created, we may be able to give details of where and by whom this was done. Where possible, the reasoning behind the coinage should be suggested, however note that this will properly be conjectural unless it has been documented by the word’s original creator.

If the original coinage is attested, common practice is to include the relevant quotation in the etymology, and link to a source, if possible, as in serendipity or portmanteau word.

Examples
In the entry :
 * . Ostensibly from.

In the entry :
 * in Jabberwocky, apparently as a.

Calques
For calques or loan translations it is necessary to provide the source language out of which the lexeme, compound or a phrase has been calqued. Sometimes the exact source of calque cannot be established due to its spread among several languages, in which case several notable examples should be listed. The template should be used, which automatically categorizes the term as

Examples
In the entry :

Etymology
, a.
 * , a calque of.

Abbreviations
For acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations that have a foreign origin, such as qv or cf, an etymology section should describe the foreign expansion. For native acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations (including single letters used symbolically), the definitions are simply the expanded terms. A separate etymological section for each meaning is therefore unnecessary, and multiple senses should be grouped together under the same L3 header. A generic etymology section can be used to separate abbreviation definitions from non-abbreviated definitions. See A for an example.

Layout: Phrases
For phrases, which are terms that consist of several words, no special etymology is normally needed. For convenience, the individual terms in the headword are often linked to their respective entries, like so:

Note that if a phrase is actually a compound word, an etymology with (see above) should also be provided to show that the term is a compound, and to add the term to the appropriate category.

For phrases that have more complicated origins, an etymology may be useful. This applies in particular to idiomatic phrases that cannot be interpreted literally by the sum of their parts, such as. For idiomatic phrases in languages other than English, the etymology can be used to provide the literal translation of the phrase.

Further details
In addition to etymology, one may provide years and location of origin, cognates, and glosses in the etymology section.

Year and location
In addition to which etymon a word comes from, it is useful to state when and where the word came into use – specifically when it is first attested, and location of origin, if known (e.g., US vs. UK, region). For example, is of US 1920s origin. This can and should be brief – “US 1920s” is preferred to “First attested in the United States in the 1920s period”. Further, one should state (briefly) when (and how) other senses came into use, if they differ from earlier meanings.

Cognates
Cognates are not strictly part of the etymology of a word, but can provide useful context, as well as serve as a mnemonic device.

The inclusion of cognate words is allowed only for inherited words, deriving from the same etymon in the ancestor languages, since they show how the same original form has developed in different daughter languages. This is especially useful for words whose ancestor form is not attested, and where regular sound correspondences can be observed.

For borrowed words, one may instead list the modern form (inherited cognate) in daughter languages of the original language. For example, in English, one may write: “From (Icelandic , Swedish , Danish , Norwegian Bokmål , Norwegian Nynorsk )”.

Cognates can be listed at the end of the etymology as: “Cognate to lang. term.” One may use the template.

Care should be taken however: These are general guidelines and individual language/language-family policies take precedence over them.
 * 1) Not to overburden the etymology section with too many cognates. One example from a major branch of the immediate ancestor should suffice, with at most 4-5 cognates listed. Users can always look up more cognates descending from the attested or reconstructed form in the corresponding etymon's ====Descendants==== section, or the page of a reconstructed ancestor.
 * 2) Not to significantly mix cognates diachronically, by listing cognates of modern languages in the etymology section of ancient languages, or by listing cognates of ancient languages in the etymology section of modern languages. Ancient languages should thus prefer ancient cognates, and modern languages should prefer modern cognates. E.g. in case of the Indo-European language family that means Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Church Slavonic, Sanskrit/Avestan/Old Persian, Lithuanian/Old Prussian, Gothic, Old Irish, Tocharian, Old Anatolian (Hittite, Luwian, Palaic) and Old Armenian. Exceptions are "single-language" families (e.g. Armenian, Albanian), and cases where there is no ancient but only modern cognate attested, usually occurring in case of languages that were attested relatively lately (e.g. Lithuanian, Albanian) and these are allowed to list ancient languages as cognates.

Additional notes for the Indo-European languages:
 * Ancient languages of large sub-branches (Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Balto-Slavic) should list both their ancient language cognates of the same branch, and the ancient Indo-European cognates.
 * In case of ancient languages, Old English (Anglo-Saxon) is an exception and should always be listed if it is a cognate, including the modern-English reflex in parentheses.
 * Special care should be taken to always mutually link cognates of "classical" ancient Indo-European languages: Sanskrit (Vedic), Latin and Ancient Greek.

Glosses
In some cases where the semantic development is not obvious, some explanatory comments may be useful. The more concise and efficient, the better.

Examples
In the entry :
 * From the stage adaptation of George du Maurier’s novel Trilby, in which such hats were worn.

In the entry :

Borrowed from, from , from , an ancient Greek city in southeastern Italy noted for the luxurious, pleasure-seeking habits of many of its inhabitants.
 * Borrowed from, from , from , an ancient Greek city in southeastern Italy noted for the luxurious, pleasure-seeking habits of many of its inhabitants.

Descendants
Complementary to etymology (going backwards) is descent and derivation (going forwards): as per WT:ELE, please link back descended terms in the “Descendants” L4 heading of the ancestor term, and likewise for derived terms is the “Derived terms” L4 heading: descendants are terms either inherited or borrowed into another language, while derived terms are terms in the same language which derive from a given term.

Closely etymologically related terms in the same language should be listed instead at “Related terms”, and there should be links both ways, as this is a sibling relationship; related terms in other languages are instead handled as cognates in the etymology section, or as descendants of a common ancestor term.

Proposals for the format of the descendants section are discussed at Wiktionary talk:Descendants, and a specific format policy is at WT:Latin: Descendants, but as of this writing, there is no detailed general policy. You may use to create a link to the correct language. Narrowly, you may wish to distinguish inherited terms from borrowings by suffixing the latter with “(borrowed)”, and list descendants at the form from which they are descended (rather than the lemma), but this is at discretion.

Etymology language templates
There are several templates commonly used for etymologies. All templates use the two- or three-letter language codes listed in List of languages.

The templates (short for ),  (short for ), and  (short for ) should be used whenever possible. The target language comes first, then the source language and the term. For instance,.

is used when a word is inherited from an ancestor language with regular sound changes and no change in form; is used for words borrowed from a language that is not an ancestor; and  is used in all other cases. These templates categorize a term in the proper category: for instance, Category:English terms inherited from Old English.

A comprehensive example for a native English word is ; the language codes <tt>enm</tt> and <tt>ang</tt> represent Middle English and Old English: ===Etymology=== From, from , from, from.
 * From, from , from , from.

For cognates, one can use, which takes the same parameters as , but displays the language name.

Other templates
Other useful templates are, and , for flagging stubs or disputes. As many entries lack etymology, this is most useful if there is a partial etymology; including it for all entries lacking etymology would be distracting.

Where a term originates in a foreign, but undetermined language, use. In cases where an etymology is reliably identified as unknown, may be used (note this can be used for native-born terms unlike the previous template).

Structure of etymology categories
Following the Wiktionary convention for parts of speech categories, each language has its own root etymology category. For example, the root etymology category for Scots language is Category:Scots terms by etymology.

Similarly, for each of the derivations categories (e.g. Category:Terms derived from Old English) the corresponding category for example for Scots language would be Category:Scots terms derived from Old English. The template should be included for all of these categories, and an appropriate subpage created (if necessary). (The previous template,, is deprecated.)

The etymology categories are inclusive: they include all terms that trace their roots to the source language, however the root. Finer distinctions can be made (such as derivations versus borrowings, or direct ancestors versus distant), but these have not been found useful and currently only the general categories exist.

We do not categorize when the etymon is in the same language (e.g. "Category:English terms derived from English" and the like should not exist nor contain any terms). Therefore, either do not use der (or any of the other etymology templates) in these cases or use "-" as the second parameter to suppress categorization. When both languages are the same, the template treats this as a special case automatically and categorises in "twice-borrowed terms":  puts an entry in Category:English twice-borrowed terms. The assumption is that if a language borrowed a term from itself, it must have been borrowed into another language in between.

title: Wiktionary:Etymology


text:
penis envy

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  The unconscious desire of a woman to possess a penis.

Translations

 * Catalan: enveja del penis
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 陰莖妒羨
 * Danish: penismisundelse
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: peenisekadedus
 * Finnish:
 * French: envie du pénis
 * German: Penisneid
 * Greek: φθόνος του πέους
 * Japanese: ペニス羨望
 * Polish:
 * Russian: за́висть к пе́нису
 * Spanish: envidia del pene
 * Swedish: penisavund
 * Turkish: penis hasedi

title: penis envy


text:
ragged red fibers

Noun

 * 1) irregular muscle fibers in some DNA disorders.

Translations

 * Finnish: repalesyy

title: ragged red fibers


text:
red admiral

Noun

 * 1) A bright red and black butterfly,, of the family.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 優紅蛺蝶
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Faroese: admirálur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Japanese: アタランタアカタテハ
 * Manx: ard-marragh jiarg
 * Norman: êcarlate
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, admiralsommerfugl
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: babôčka admirál
 * Slovene: admiral
 * Turkish:
 * West Frisian:

title: red admiral


text:
red alert

Noun

 * 1) A warning that indicates an emergency situation.
 * 2) * 1984, Nena,  (lyrics written by )
 * Ninety-nine red balloons Floating in the summer sky Panic bells, it's red alert There's something here from somewhere else
 * 1) A state of readiness to deal with such emergency situation.
 * 1) A state of readiness to deal with such emergency situation.

Synonyms

 * (US Navy)
 * (UK Navy)
 * (UK Navy)

title: red alert


text: red algae

title: red algae


text:
red ant

Noun

 * 1) Any of various red-coloured ants.
 * 2) An ant of the genus, especially the  or.
 * 3)  The pharaoh ant.
 * 4)  The meat ant, endemic to Australia.
 * 5) The , native to southwestern US.
 * 6) The red imported fire ant, native to South America, but broadly invasive.
 * 7) The  ( or ).
 * 8) The.
 * 1) The.

Translations

 * Kapampangan: salusad
 * Navajo: wóláchííʼ
 * Russian: кра́сный мураве́й
 * Tagalog: kuwitib

title: red ant


text:
red bay

Noun

 * 1) A small tree,, in the  family, with red fruit and wood, used for ornamental purposes.

title: red bay


text:
red biddy

Noun

 * 1)  A cheap alcoholic drink made by mixing red wine and methylated spirit.

title: red biddy


text:
red carpet

Noun

 * 1) A strip of red carpet that is laid for a VIP to walk on.
 * 2)  VIP treatment.
 * 1)  VIP treatment.
 * 1)  VIP treatment.

Translations

 * Armenian: կարմիր գորգ
 * Basque: alfonbra gorri
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: røde løber
 * Dutch: rode loper
 * Estonian: punane vaip
 * Finnish: punainen matto
 * French:
 * German: Roter Teppich
 * Hebrew: שטיח אדום
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: tappeto rosso, red carpet
 * Japanese: レッドカーペット
 * Korean: 레드카펫
 * Mongolian: улаан хивс
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: rød løper (den røde løperen)
 * Persian: فرش قرمز
 * Polish: czerwony dywan
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: alfombra roja
 * Swedish: röda mattan
 * Vietnamese:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: rode loper
 * Finnish: punainen matto
 * French:

title: red carpet


text:
red cedar

Alternative forms

 * (US)

Noun

 * 1) A juniper native to North America and highly prized for its fragrant wood.
 * 2) * 1892,, "Our Old Feuillage" in  (abridged reprint of the 1892 edition), Modern Library, 1921, p. 147,
 * Below, the red cedar festoon'd with tylandria, the pines and cypresses growing out of the white sand that spreads far and flat,
 * 1) The arbor vitae, found in North America,.
 * , of eastern Asia.
 * 1) An evergreen tree of the mahogany family with reddish wood, found in Australia,.
 * , found from Mexico to Paraguay.
 * 1) The wood of any of these trees.
 * 1) The wood of any of these trees.

Synonyms

 * , eastern red cedar
 * , (US)

title: red cedar


text:
imbricate

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To overlap in a regular pattern.
 * 2)  To undergo or cause to undergo imbrication.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: нареждам със застъпване
 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Icelandic: skara
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

title: imbricate


text:
red cent

Etymology
Probably from the color of the copper from which the coin was minted. Prior to 1909, a brighter nickel-based cent was used, often called the white cent. It is also possible that the red originally referred to the obverse bearing an Indian head stamp. See .

Noun

 * 1)  A copper penny.
 * 2)  A very small amount of money.
 * I wouldn't pay one red cent for a ticket.
 * 1) * 1867, Augustin Daly, Under the Gaslight, Act III, Scene 2, page 28:
 * Snorkey. But I ain't got two cents. What's a fellow to do if he hasn't got a red?

Usage notes

 * Usually used in the negative.

Translations

 * Danish: rød øre
 * Dutch: rooie cent
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Japanese: びた一文
 * Polish:, złamany szeląg

title: red cent


text:
red clover

Noun

 * 1) A clover, with red flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

Translations

 * Catalan: trèvol comú, trèvol dels prats
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: trèfle des prés,
 * German:
 * Irish: seamair dhearg, seamair chapaill
 * Japanese: 紫詰草, 赤詰草
 * Korean: 붉은토끼풀
 * Maltese: xnien tal-għelieqi
 * Norman: rouoge trêfl'ye, încarnat
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: rødkløver, raudkløver
 * Nynorsk: raudkløver
 * Polish:
 * Russian: кра́сный кле́вер
 * Scottish Gaelic: deocan dearg
 * Swedish: rödklöver
 * Welsh: meillion coch

title: red clover


text:
red circle rate

Noun

 * 1) A rate of pay that is above average for the type of work in question.

title: red circle rate


text:
blue circle rate

Noun

 * 1) a rate of pay that is below average for the type of work in question.

title: blue circle rate


text:
red diesel

Etymology
The fuel is coloured with red dye to prevent illegal use on public roads.

Noun

 * 1)  Untaxed diesel fuel intended to be used on private property.

title: red diesel


text:
red drum

Noun

 * 1) a large red edible fish,, also called channel bass or redfish.

title: red drum


text:
redfish

Noun

 * 1) Any of several species fish with red skin or flesh:
 * 2) Any of genus, or edible.
 * 3) especially, found in North American waters, also called rosefish or ocean perch.
 * 4) A large red edible fish,, also called channel bass or red drum.
 * 5)  spp., snappers.
 * 6) A slimehead, of family.
 * , sockeye salmon.
 * 1) A slimehead, of family.
 * , sockeye salmon.
 * , sockeye salmon.

title: redfish


text:
red earth

Noun

 * 1) A red soil found in tropical areas, containing oxidized iron.

title: red earth


text:
red fescue

Noun

 * 1) a grass plant,, with green, red, or blue-green flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

Translations

 * Catalan: festuca rogenca
 * Dutch:
 * French: fétuque rouge
 * German: Gewöhnlicher Rot-Schwingel
 * Greenlandic: ivigaq aappaluartoq
 * Icelandic: rauðvingull
 * Irish: feisciú dearg
 * Russian: овся́ница кра́сная
 * Welsh: peiswellt coch

title: red fescue


text:
red fire

Noun

 * 1) A chemical mixture, used in fireworks and flares, that burns with a bright red flame.

title: red fire


text:
evangelistic

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to evangelism or evangelists; spreading the gospel.
 * 2) Pertaining to the Evangelical school.
 * 3)  Characterised by enthusiasm and a desire to communicate belief.
 * I was pretty evangelistic about the merits of working in a small team.

title: evangelistic


text:
red goods

Etymology
The colors here have to do with the rate of consumption, as opposed to the genre (as in white goods or brown goods).

Noun

 * 1) Products that are consumed and replaced quickly, such as food, as opposed to items that have moderate (orange goods) or long-term (yellow goods) lifespans.

title: red goods


text:
red giant

Noun

 * 1)  A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.

Translations

 * Belarusian: чырвоны гігант
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: rode reus
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: წითელი გიგანტი
 * German:
 * Greek: ερυθρός γίγαντας
 * Hindi: लाल दानव तारा
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: fathach dearg
 * Italian: gigante rossa
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: цр́вен џин
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: gigante vermelha
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: црвени џин
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: gigante roja
 * Swedish:

title: red giant


text:
red gum

Noun

 * 1) Any of several species of trees found in Australia:
 * 2) , native to Western Australia, with red gum effusions.
 * 3)  (Murray red gum, river red gum), a eucalyptus tree with red wood.
 * 4) , with red wood.
 * , a tree of the hazel family, found in North America.
 * , a tree of the hazel family, found in North America.

Synonyms

 * river red gum

title: red gum


text:
red ink

Noun

 * 1)  Financial loss.
 * 2)  Cheap red wine.
 * 1)  Cheap red wine.
 * 1)  Cheap red wine.

title: red ink


text:
Red List

Proper noun

 * 1) A list of endangered species, created by the World Conservation Monitoring Center.

Translations

 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: rødliste
 * Nynorsk: raudliste
 * Spanish: lista roja
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: sách đỏ
 * Welsh: rhestr goch

title: Red List


text:
leotard

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A one-piece skintight garment with or without sleeves and without legs (often worn by gymnasts, acrobats, wrestlers, female swimmers, etc.)

Translations

 * Bulgarian: трико
 * Catalan: mallot
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: trikoot, voimistelupuku
 * French:
 * German: Turntrikot, Turnanzug, Gymnastiktrikot, Gymnastikanzug, Body, Leotard
 * Greek:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: léatar
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Polish: trykot
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: dansdräkt, leotard

title: leotard


text: red-top

title: red-top


text: evangalistic

title: evangalistic


text: red snow

title: red snow


text:
red water

Noun

 * 1) A cattle disease, with one symptom being reddish urine.
 * 2) A wastewater in the manufacture of TNT.

title: red water


text:
red meat

Noun

 * 1) Meats such as beef that are dark red in colour when uncooked.
 * 2)  Fresh, inspiring, or inflammatory topics or information.
 * 3) * 1931, Robert G.M. Neville, "Prima Donnas in the Pulpit," Forum and Century, June (retrieved 10 Apr. 2021):
 * To mention Bishop Manning's name in a city room is equivalent to telling the city editor that a rip-roaring good story is brewing. A bishop for almost ten years, he has provided the hungry presses of New York with more red meat than Al Capone, Aimee Semple McPherson, Billy Sunday, 'Legs' Diamond, Albert Einstein, Charles Augusts Lindbergh, Texas Guinan, or Nicholas Murray Butler.
 * 1) * 1950, Drew Pearson, , “Trust-Buster Truman”, May 1, 1950 (syndicated, e.g., , May 1, 1950, p. 4):
 * “Keep it up,” urged Truman. “You’re doing a great job for the country and, incidentally, providing me with red meat for campaign speeches.”

Usage notes

 * See white meat: usage notes for discussion of white meat/red meat distinction.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: rødt kød
 * Dutch: rood vlees
 * Finnish: punainen liha
 * French:
 * Hebrew:
 * Irish: feoil dhearg, feoil fhola
 * Italian: carne rossa
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: carne roja
 * Thai: เนื้อแดง
 * Turkish: kırmızı et

title: red meat


text:
User:Starryland~enwiktionary

This is the user page of Connie. I live in Hong Kong, China and I am a native speaker of Cantonese. I study at S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School in the New Territories, Hong Kong and currently I am a form 4 student there.

title: User:Starryland~enwiktionary


text:
User:Luna~enwiktionary

Hello I'm luna ! m:User:luna

title: User:Luna~enwiktionary


text:
Red Planet

Proper noun

 * 1) the planet Mars

Translations

 * Czech:
 * French:
 * Japanese: 赤い惑星
 * Portuguese: planeta vermelho
 * Russian: кра́сная плане́та
 * Spanish: Planeta rojo

title: Red Planet


text:
red route

Noun

 * 1)  A system of traffic management, marked by red lines along the edge of the road, where parking, loading or picking up passengers is restricted.
 * 2)  A route that has a higher-than-average rate of traffic accidents.

title: red route


text:
red-pencil

Verb

 * 1)  To correct (written documents).

title: red-pencil


text:
blue-pencil

Verb

 * 1)  To edit, especially to censor, written documents.
 * 2)  To use a line-item veto.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, цензурирам
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: käyttää punakynää
 * French:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: käyttää punakynää
 * French:
 * Spanish:

title: blue-pencil


text:
redcoat

Etymology
Bahuvrihi compound of 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  A British soldier.
 * 2) A member of the entertainment staff at  holiday camps in the United Kingdom, who wear red blazers.
 * 3)  A fox.
 * 1) A member of the entertainment staff at  holiday camps in the United Kingdom, who wear red blazers.
 * 2)  A fox.
 * 1)  A fox.

Usage notes
The soldier and entertainment staff uses are sometimes capitalised.

Synonyms

 * (British soldier) lobsterback

Verb

 * 1) To work as a redcoat, in . Also capital Redcoat

title: redcoat


text:
etsimeduw

Adjective

 * 1) new

title: etsimeduw


text:
User talk:Starryland~enwiktionary

Welcome!
This is the user talk page of Starryland. You can give me some comments on my contributions. Thank you!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Starryland. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Starryland~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:14, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:32, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Starryland~enwiktionary


text:
red kangaroo

Noun

 * 1) A large kangaroo,, found in the desert areas of Australia.

Translations

 * Finnish: punajättikenguru
 * Irish: cangarú rua
 * Navajo: nahatʼeʼiitsoh łichíiʼii
 * Pitjantjatjara: maḻu
 * Russian: большо́й ры́жий кенгуру́, ры́жий исполи́нский кенгуру́
 * Warlpiri: wirli-parnta

title: red kangaroo


text:
User:Laurel Bush~enwiktionary

Workshops

 * Croft
 * Workshop II

title: User:Laurel Bush~enwiktionary


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛəɹɪŋz

Pronunciation
-ârĭngz, /-ɛəɹɪŋz/, /-E@rINz/

Two syllables

 * bearings

title: Rhymes:English/ɛəɹɪŋz


text:
User:Laurel Bush~enwiktionary/Workshop I

Croft
wikipedia

Etymology
Old English

Noun
Category:English nouns

croft (plural: crofts)

 * 1) A fenced piece of land, usually small and arable and with a crofter's dwelling thereon

Intransitive verb
Category:English intransitive verbs

 * 1) Work or occupy a croft


text:
load-bearing

Adjective

 * 1)  Able to support a load.
 * 2) * 1908, Frederick E. Turneaure, Editor-in-Chief, Cyclopedia of Civil Engineering
 * The different forms of partitions that are not load-bearing will be considered under "Fireproofing."
 * 1)  Of a physical, digital, procedural etc. component, necessary to the integrity of the system of which it forms a part.
 * 1)  Of a physical, digital, procedural etc. component, necessary to the integrity of the system of which it forms a part.
 * 1)  Of a physical, digital, procedural etc. component, necessary to the integrity of the system of which it forms a part.
 * 1)  Of a physical, digital, procedural etc. component, necessary to the integrity of the system of which it forms a part.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: მზიდი

Noun

 * 1) The carrying of loads.
 * 2) * 1955, National Research Council (U.S.) Building Research Institute, Modular Measure: The Edited Papers and Discussions of a Research Correlation Conference Entitled Modular Coordination: Its Value in Contemporary Building, Conducted by the Building Research Institute
 * Since we do not need walls for load-bearing, the storage walls do not have to have any special thickness.
 * Since we do not need walls for load-bearing, the storage walls do not have to have any special thickness.

title: load-bearing


text:
Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiz

Pronunciation
-ârēz, /-ɛəɹiz/, /-E@riz/

Two syllables

 * Ares
 * Aries
 * caries

Four syllables

 * Buenos Aires

title: Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiz


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪəm

Pronunciation
-īəm, /-aɪəm/, /-aI@m/

Two syllables

 * Priam

title: Rhymes:English/aɪəm


text:
Guinean

Adjective

 * 1) From Guinea.
 * 2) From Guinea-Bissau.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Guinees
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: guineano
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Guineach
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: guineansk
 * Nynorsk:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: guineean, guineez
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Kigine
 * Ukrainian: гвіне́йський

 * Afrikaans: Guinee-Bissaus
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician: guineano
 * German:
 * Icelandic: Bissái, Bissáar, bissáskur
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: guineean, guineez
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Kigine

Noun

 * 1) Someone from Guinea or of Guinean descent.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Guineër
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: guineansk
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: gvineano, gvineanino
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: guineano
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Guineach
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: guineaner
 * Nynorsk:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: guineean, guineeană, guineez, guineeză
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Turkish:

title: Guinean


text:
Talk:Ferguson

So you gonna rfd Hoover, take the Proper Noun out of Smith, etc. etc??...you need to put it in bold and high up on the Howto page if 'no surnames' is a rule??? 20.133.0.14 27 June 2005 10:22 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ferguson


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪənz

Pronunciation
-īənz, /-aɪənz/, /-aI@nz/

title: Rhymes:English/aɪənz


text:
bigwig

Etymology
First arose in the 1730s, from. Formerly, English men of authority wore wigs. Bigwig plays on the idea that higher authority is denoted by a larger wig.

Noun

 * 1)  A person of importance to a group or organization.

Translations

 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: hoge ome,, ,
 * Estonian: suur nina, tähtis tegelane
 * Finnish:, napamies, ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:, , ,
 * Hebrew: איש חשוב מאוד
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: boc mór
 * Italian:, , pataffione, pallone gonfiato
 * Japanese: (おおもの, ōmono)
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Russian: (big fir-cone),  (important bird)
 * Spanish:, , mandamás
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: pwysigyn

title: bigwig


text:
croft

Etymology 1
The noun is derived from, , , , , from ; further etymology , but possibly from , from ; see also crop. The English word is cognate with 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

The verb is derived from the noun.

Noun

 * 1) An enclosed piece of land, usually small and arable and used for small-scale food production, and often with a dwelling next to it; in particular, such a piece of land rented to a farmer (a crofter), especially in Scotland, together with a right to use separate pastureland shared by other crofters.
 * 2) * 1530: Sir John Campbell of Glenurchy (in a lease to his "weil belouit" servant John M'Conoquhy V'Gregour)
 * ...to haue set and for malis and service...the four markland of Kincrakin...with the croft of Polgreyich and the croft that Ewin M'Ewin was wount to haue...
 * ...to haue set and for malis and service...the four markland of Kincrakin...with the croft of Polgreyich and the croft that Ewin M'Ewin was wount to haue...

Derived terms

 * goodman's croft

Translations

 * Bulgarian: заградено поле
 * Czech: záhumenek,
 * Finnish: ; ,
 * Icelandic: hjáleigubóndi, smábóndi
 * Irish: crochta, croit
 * Italian:, campicello, campetto
 * Manx: croit
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Scottish Gaelic: croit
 * Serbo-Croatian: ograđeno polje
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: tyddyn, crofft

Verb

 * 1)  To do agricultural work on one or more crofts.
 * 2)  To place (cloth, etc.) on the ground in the open air in order to sun and bleach it.

Etymology 2
From, , , , from , from , , from , form of , from  (further etymology unknown) +. The English word is cognate with 🇨🇬,, , , , (modern 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬). .

Noun

 * 1) An underground chamber; a crypt, an undercroft.
 * 2) A cave or cavern.

Etymology 3
A variant of.

Noun

 * 1)  A carafe.

Etymology
From, possibly from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  small field
 * 2)  enclosure, courtyard

Noun

 * 1) an enclosed field; a croft

title: croft


text:
irons

Noun

 * 1)  Shackles.
 * 2)  A lack of forward motion.
 * 3)  The stirrups.
 * 1)  The stirrups.
 * 1)  The stirrups.

title: irons


text:
dickens

Etymology
Origin: 1590–1600; apparently a fanciful use of the proper name, diminutive form of.

Noun

 * 1)  The devil.
 * She can go to the dickens for what she said.
 * You scared the dickens out of me.
 * 1) In the phrase the dickens.
 * Why the dickens did he do that?
 * We had the dickens of a row.
 * 1) A disturbance or row.
 * 1) A disturbance or row.

title: dickens


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪbz

Pronunciation
-ībz, /-aɪbz/, /-aIbz/

One syllable

 * scribes
 * tribes
 * vibes

Two syllables

 * ascribes
 * describes
 * escribes
 * inscribes

title: Rhymes:English/aɪbz


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪdz

Pronunciation
-īdz, /-aɪdz/, /-aIdz/

One syllable

 * bides
 * brides
 * chides
 * glides
 * ides
 * prides
 * rides
 * strides
 * tides

Two syllables

 * abides
 * confides
 * decides
 * derides
 * insides
 * outsides
 * resides

title: Rhymes:English/aɪdz


text:
take something in one's stride

Alternative forms

 * take something in stride

Verb

 * 1)  Not to allow oneself to be set back, daunted, upset or embarrassed by unpleasant or undesirable circumstances.

title: take something in one's stride


text:
propanoic acid

Etymology
An IUPAC systematic name for the chemical originally named. The prefix is derived from propionic.

Noun

 * 1) A colourless liquid with a sharp unpleasant odour; produced by the bacterial breakdown of fatty acids and therefore found in sweat and some cheese.
 * 2)  The short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH$3$CH$2$COOH, used as a preservative, and in the manufacture of many chemical compounds.

Synonyms

 * when used as a preservative

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 丙酸
 * French: acide propanoïque
 * Finnish: propaanihappo

title: propanoic acid


text:
propionic acid

Etymology
From, coined by chemist , from ("first") and  ("fat"), because it was the smallest carboxylic acid that exhibited the properties of the other fatty acids, such as producing an oily layer when salted out of water and having a soapy potassium salt.

Noun

 * 1)  The compound with the formula CH$3$CH$2$COOH, a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with a pungent odor.

Synonyms

 * when used as a preservative
 * when used as a preservative

Derived terms

 * The widely used prop- prefix
 * The widely used prop- prefix
 * The widely used prop- prefix

Translations

 * Finnish: propionihappo

title: propionic acid


text:
when pigs fly

Etymology
Referencing the fact that pigs do not have wings and cannot fly.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: فِي الْمِشْمِش
 * Gulf Arabic: إِذَا حَجَّتِ الْبَقَرَة عَلَى قُرُونِهَا
 * Palestinian Arabic: لَمَّا يَنْوَر اَلْمِلْح
 * Armenian: երբ խոզը բարձրանա ծառը
 * Azerbaijani: dəvənin quyruğu yerə dəyəndə
 * Belarusian: на святыя ніколі
 * Breton: kentre ma moc'h kelieno
 * Bulgarian: на куково лято
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 豬乸會上樹
 * Hokkien: 天落紅雨，馬生角
 * Literary Chinese: 烏頭白，馬生角, 天雨粟，馬生角
 * Mandarin: 除非太陽從西邊出來
 * Czech: až kohout vejce snese, , ,
 * Dutch: wanneer Pasen en Pinksteren op één dag vallen, met sint-juttemis
 * Esperanto: kiam la ratoj seksumos kun la musoj, en la tago de Sankta Neniamo
 * Estonian: kui kana pissib
 * Finnish: kun lehmät lentävät
 * French:, aux calendes grecques, à la Saint Glinglin, , ,
 * Georgian: როცა ვირი ხეზე ავა
 * German: am Sankt-Nimmerleins-Tag,
 * Greek: του αγίου ποτέ
 * Hebrew: כשחזירים יעופו
 * Hindi: सूरज पश्चिम से उगेगा
 * Hungarian: majd ha fagy, holnapután kiskedden, majd ha piros hó esik, majd ha cigánygyerekek potyognak az égből,
 * Inuktitut: ᑐᓗᒃᑲᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᓯᒃᐸᑕ
 * Irish: lá Philib an Chleite, lá Thaidhg na dTadhgann
 * Italian: quando gli asini voleranno, alle calende greche
 * Japanese: 枯れ木に花咲く
 * Latin: ad kalendas Graecas, cum mula peperit
 * Latvian: kad cūkas lidos, kad pūcei aste ziedēs
 * Macedonian: на куково лето
 * Malayalam: കാക്ക മലന്നു പറക്കും
 * Persian: وقت گل نی
 * Polish: na świętego nigdy
 * Portuguese: quando os porcos voarem, no Dia de São Nunca, no Dia de São Nunca à tarde
 * Romanian: când o zbura porcul, când va face plopul pere, la paștele cailor, când mi-oi vedea ceafa, la Sfîntu-așteaptă
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кад на врби роди грожђе
 * Roman: kad na vrbi rodi grožđe
 * Spanish: el día que las vacas vuelen,, cuando San Juan agache el dedo
 * Sranan Tongo: te kakafowru kisi tifi
 * Swedish: när grisar flyger
 * Tagalog: sa pagputi ng uwak, sa pag-itim ng tagak
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: коли рак на горі свисне, не бачити як свого носа, коли на долоні волосся виросте
 * Urdu: جب زمین اور آسمان ایک ہونگے
 * West Frisian: as de keallen op it iis dûnsje
 * Yiddish: װען משיח װעט קומען, ווען ס׳וועט זײַן דרײַ טעג ראש־חודש

title: when pigs fly


text:
propionate

Noun

 * 1)  Any salt or ester of propionic acid.

title: propionate


text: pyrogallic acid

title: pyrogallic acid


text:
trihydroxy

Noun

 * 1)  Three hydroxy groups in a molecule

title: trihydroxy


text:
أبجدي

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) alphabetical

title: أبجدي


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪks

Pronunciation
,

One syllable

 * spikes
 * Sykes
 * yikes

title: Rhymes:English/aɪks


text:
pyrogallol

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A poisonous trihydroxy phenol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, C6H3(OH)3, used as a photographic developer.

title: pyrogallol


text:
mastoiditis

Noun

 * 1)  Inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

title: mastoiditis


text:
phloroglucinol

Noun

 * 1)  A poisonous trihydroxy phenol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, C6H3(OH)3, used as a bone decalcifying agent.

title: phloroglucinol


text:
hydroxyquinol

Noun

 * 1)  a poisonous trihydroxy phenol, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, C6H3(OH)3, used in organic synthesis

Translations

 * Italian: idrossiquinolo

title: hydroxyquinol


text:
fish farm

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) A place or facility dedicated to the raising of fish or other seafood for sale.

Synonyms

 * fishtank, fish tank
 * fish pond, piscina, piscine
 * fish pond, piscina, piscine

Translations

 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ferme piscicole
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Indonesian: penangkaran ikan

title: fish farm


text:
yikes

Etymology
Attested from mid-20th century, perhaps derived from, a hunting call used to urge hounds after a fox, which is attested from 1765–1775, that also is sometimes used as an exclamation of excitement or triumph. Yoicks is perhaps related to the earlier. Hoicks (alternatively hoick, hoic or hoik) is a variant of, which was used as an exclamation of encouragement to hounds hunting deer. Further etymology.

Alternatively, it may be derived from, which is an earlier exclamation of similar usage as yikes (and is often considered to be an alternative form of yikes). Yipes may be derived from, which itself may be derived from the yie sound often used to express pain or dismay, with the -p adding onto it in the same way as and. Or, yipes may be derived from the sound that dogs make.

Or, possibly a conflation of both of the previous.

Synonyms

 * , (Note: "Wow!" can also be used for a pleasant surprise)

Translations

 * Catalan: ,
 * Esperanto:, , , skorzonero
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, o Schreck
 * Hungarian: jesszus,
 * Italian:
 * Maori: aī
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Spanish: ,

 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, jopas
 * Russian:, , ,

title: yikes


text:
boda

Etymology
From, plural of.

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
From, plural of.

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
, plural of.

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
From, from , plural of.

Noun

 * 1)  a wedding dress

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  wedding

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
From, from. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) messenger
 * 2) prophet

Etymology
From, from , plural of. Cognate with 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) wedding marriage ceremony

Etymology
Perhaps from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) egg

Etymology
, plural of.

Noun

 * 1)  wedding

Etymology
Probably borrowed from or less likely from.

Noun

 * 1)  wedding
 * 2) party

Etymology
, from, plural of. .

Noun

 * 1) wedding

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) border

title: boda


text:
house wine

Noun

 * 1) A relatively inexpensive wine sold in a restaurant, often by the glass as well as by the bottle or unmarked carafe; both red and white are normally offered.

Translations

 * Czech: rozlévané víno
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: talon viini
 * French: vin de maison,
 * Italian: vino della casa
 * Portuguese: vinho da casa
 * Russian: дома́шнее вино́
 * Spanish: vino de la casa

title: house wine


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪlz

Pronunciation
-īlz, /-aɪlz/, /-aIlz/

One syllable

 * Chiles
 * Giles
 * Miles
 * piles
 * Stiles, Styles
 * whiles

title: Rhymes:English/aɪlz


text:
whiles

Etymology 1
From ; compare.

Adverb

 * 1)  sometimes; at times
 * 2)  meanwhile
 * 1)  meanwhile

Conjunction

 * 1)  while, whilst

Adverb

 * 1) Sometimes
 * Whiles thay gang tae the strand, but maistly tae the bens- Sometimes they go to the beach, but mostly to the mountains

title: whiles


text:
fattór

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stone

title: fattór


text:
crofter

Noun

 * 1) One who has the tenure of a croft, usually also the occupant and user.
 * 2) * c. 1795: Sir John Sinclair
 * ...yet even these sub-divisions are diminished by a still lower order of occupiers (if such they may be deemed) under the name of acre men or crofters. This extraordinary class of cultivators appear to have been quartered upon the tenants after the farms were split down into their smallest size: the crofters being a species of sub-tenants on the farms to which they are respectively attached

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Manx: croiteyr
 * Scottish Gaelic: croitear
 * Swedish:

title: crofter


text: prononces

title: prononces


text:
fibula

Etymology
Borrowed from. The bone is so named because the shape it makes with the tibia resembles a clasp, the fibula being the pin.

Noun

 * 1) An ancient kind of brooch used to hold clothing together, similar in function to the modern safety pin.
 * 2)  The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.
 * 1)  The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: fibolo
 * French:
 * Georgian: მშვილდსაკინძი
 * German:
 * Ido:
 * Japanese: フィブラ
 * Korean: 피불라
 * Portuguese: fíbula
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
. Doublet of the inherited.

Noun

 * , calf bone

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  clasp, buckle, brooch, pin, latchet, brace
 * 2)  connection, bond, fetter
 * 3) surgical instrument for drawing together the lips of a wound
 * 4) stitching needle drawn through the prepuce
 * 1) stitching needle drawn through the prepuce

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Gallo-Italic:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Borrowings:
 * Gallo-Italic:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Borrowings:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Borrowings:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Borrowings:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , calf bone

title: fibula


text: prononçâmes

title: prononçâmes


text: mangeai

title: mangeai


text:
Talk:cottager

Re cottager and cottar
I am wondering what should be done with cottar. The word has currency in the Highlands of Scotland and seems to be a variation on the same theme as cottager, but without association with homosexuality. Laurel Bush 27 June 2005 12:06 (UTC).

title: Talk:cottager


text: mangez

title: mangez


text: mangiez

title: mangiez


text:
FN

Noun

 * 1)  the NATO standard rifle
 * 2)  the pistol derivative of the FN-FAL

Noun

 * 1) fibronectin

Proper noun

 * 1) ; a political party from either France or Belgium

Proper noun

 * 1) Fabrique Nationale; a Belgian firearms manufacturer

title: FN


text:
sair

Etymology 1
From. .

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) hell

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to exit; to leave ; to get out (of)
 * 2)  to go out
 * 3)  to leave
 * 4)  to take after; to inherit traits in appearance or behaviour
 * 5)  to come out
 * 6)  to come out; to end up
 * 7)  to go out
 * 8)  to lead
 * 1)  to take after; to inherit traits in appearance or behaviour
 * 2)  to come out
 * 3)  to come out; to end up
 * 4)  to go out
 * 5)  to lead
 * 1)  to come out
 * 2)  to come out; to end up
 * 3)  to go out
 * 4)  to lead
 * 1)  to go out
 * 2)  to lead
 * 1)  to go out
 * 2)  to lead
 * 1)  to lead

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  four

Etymology
From, from and , from  and.

Adjective

 * 1) sore; grievous; oppressive

Noun

 * 1) A sore; a wound; a bruise.
 * 2) Sorrow; grief

Adverb

 * 1) sorely; seriously; grievously; so as to cause pain; distress or grief

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) the rest of, the remainder
 * 2) other

title: sair


text:
fañs

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  five

title: fañs


text:
háñt

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1)  seven

title: háñt


text:
añctho

Number

 * 1) eight

title: añctho


text:
User:Guettarda

See my user page on the English Wikipedia

title: User:Guettarda


text:
User talk:Guettarda

Talk to me on the English Wikipedia

title: User talk:Guettarda


text:
meals on wheels

Noun

 * 1) A service that delivers food to those unable to cook for themselves, such as the elderly and people with disabilities.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 送餐服務
 * Finnish: ruokakuljetus
 * German: Essen auf Rädern
 * Spanish:

Noun

 * 1) The foods delivered by this service.

title: meals on wheels


text: Category:Irish nouns

title: Category:Irish nouns


text: Category:Maori proper nouns

title: Category:Maori proper nouns


text:
Monmouthshire

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , bordered by to the east by Gloucestershire, to the northeast by Herefordshire, to the north by Brecknockshire, to the west by Glamorganshire and to the south by the Bristol Channel. It was part of England until renamed and taken into Wales in 1974.
 * 1)  which replaced Gwent, bordered by the Forest of Dean, Herefordshire, Powys, Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen and Newport.

Translations

 * Breton: Menoe
 * Macedonian: Монмутшир
 * Welsh: Sir Fynwy

title: Monmouthshire


text:
when Hell freezes over

Adverb

 * 1)  Never; not in this lifetime or a time in the unforeseeably distant future; not a chance.

Translations

 * Basque: haizerik ez den urtean
 * Catalan:, la setmana dels tres dijous,
 * Czech: až peklo zamrzne
 * Dutch: wanneer Pasen en Pinksteren op een dag vallen, met sint-juttemis, als Pasen en Pinksteren op een dag vallen
 * Finnish: kun helvetti jäätyy
 * French:
 * German: wenn die Hölle zufriert,, , an Sankt Nimmerlein
 * Italian: alle calende greche, quando gli asini voleranno,
 * Macedonian: на куково лето
 * Norwegian: når helvetet fryser
 * Polish: prędzej piekło zamarznie
 * Portuguese: quando o inferno congelar,, ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene: ko pekel zmrzne
 * Spanish: el día que las vacas vuelen
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kapag nagyelo ang impiyerno

title: when Hell freezes over


text:
Tallahassee

Etymology
Borrowed from, pronounced , from. Compare, from the same or a similar term.

Translations

 * Latin: Tallahassia
 * Malayalam: ടലഹാസി
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: Tallahassee
 * Russian:
 * Thai: แทลลาแฮสซี
 * Yiddish: טאַלאַהאַסי

title: Tallahassee


text: Category:Rohingya language

title: Category:Rohingya language


text:
départ

Noun

 * 1) departure, start

title: départ


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪnz

Pronunciation
-īnz, /-aɪnz/, /-aInz/

One syllable

 * Fiennes (surname - see Fiennes)
 * Heinz
 * Saenz (one US/Canadian pronunciation)
 * signs
 * sines

title: Rhymes:English/aɪnz


text:
Brythonic

Proper noun

 * 1) A Celtic language.

Translations

 * Breton:
 * Cornish: Brythonek
 * Irish: Briotainis
 * Persian: بریتانی
 * Portuguese:
 * Welsh:

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the Brythonic language subgroup, a set of Celtic languages.

Translations

 * Breton:
 * Cornish: Brythonek
 * Dutch:, Brythonisch
 * French:
 * German:
 * Icelandic: bresk, brýþonsk
 * Italian: brittonico
 * Old Norse: brezkr
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: britónico
 * Welsh: Brythonaidd

title: Brythonic


text:
déjà

Alternative forms

 * d'jà

Etymology
From, from corresponding to  +.

Adverb

 * 1) already, before
 * 2)  again following a question
 * 3)  for a start, firstly
 * 1)  again following a question
 * 2)  for a start, firstly
 * 1)  again following a question
 * 2)  for a start, firstly
 * 1)  for a start, firstly

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) already

title: déjà


text:
traditional county

Noun

 * 1) A county without direct administrative functions. e.g. Yorkshire, Perthshire, Dublin or Suffolk County, Massachusetts.
 * 2)  any of the historic divisions of Great Britain no longer used for administrative purposes in favour of ceremonial counties and administrative counties
 * 3)  any of the historical sub-national divisions used for the purposes of geographic demarcation, local government, and sport.

Usage notes

 * Counties are no longer used for local government in Northern Ireland, but remain in use in the Republic.

title: traditional county


text:
Heinz

Etymology 2
From the 's "57 Varieties" slogan.

Noun

 * 1)  A five and a seven as starting cards in Texas hold 'em
 * 2)  A full-cover bet of doubles and upwards, consisting of six selections in 57 bets.

title: Heinz


text:
saltation

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A leap, jump or dance.
 * 2) Beating or palpitation.
 * 3)  A sudden change from one generation to the next; a mutation.
 * 4) Any abrupt transition.
 * 5)  The transport of loose particles by a fluid (such as wind or flowing water).
 * 6) * 2004, Basil Gomez, Mobile Bed, entry in Andrew Goudie (editor), Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Volume 2, page 685,
 * Saltation rapidly becomes the dominant type of motion as the flow intensity increases further, and at still higher flow intensities suspension begins to dominate.There is also an important difference between the movement of particles by saltation, in air and in water.
 * 1)  The transport of loose particles by a fluid (such as wind or flowing water).
 * 2) * 2004, Basil Gomez, Mobile Bed, entry in Andrew Goudie (editor), Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Volume 2, page 685,
 * Saltation rapidly becomes the dominant type of motion as the flow intensity increases further, and at still higher flow intensities suspension begins to dominate.There is also an important difference between the movement of particles by saltation, in air and in water.
 * 1) * 2004, Basil Gomez, Mobile Bed, entry in Andrew Goudie (editor), Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Volume 2, page 685,
 * Saltation rapidly becomes the dominant type of motion as the flow intensity increases further, and at still higher flow intensities suspension begins to dominate.There is also an important difference between the movement of particles by saltation, in air and in water.

title: saltation


text:
User talk:Jonathan Webley

Unnessecary Deletion please Undelete
This page WAS NOT a personal attack. How could it be a personal attack? Obviously the deleter believed that a poinsenby is actually a person which is incorrect. The word is a term used to describe a certain TYPE of person. thank you.

Failed reverts?
For whatever reason, the Beer Parlour and Requests for Deletion pages do not seem to have been reverted correctly after the last round of vandalism. the Parlour is in-editable and the RfD page does not seem to exist. --EncycloPetey 14:14, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No, the Beer Parlour page is blank, and I cannot edit a section of the RfD page (the text does not show up in the edit window when I try to edit a section). Both pages still have problems.  --EncycloPetey 14:24, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

unblocking
Ta muchly - I couldn't figure out what I had done wrong. 85.12.65.33 16:30, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Books of the bible
Good, I was planning it for sometime later this evening, but I don't mind you doing it. Cheers. — Vildricianus 13:20, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Jonathan reply
Sorry for Nintendogs it was under Paul G's list so i added it! Irishnewbie 15:47, 17 March 2006 (UTC) Irish happy st. patricks daY!

Can't you transwikify it? I thought it could be posted here, then moved over. There was some kind of problem when I tried to create it on Wikipedia.

No I am not Irishnewbie. That was my only contribution here. I did put in the moveto Wikipedia template, but it got deleted anyway. Going through Wikipedia didn't seem to be much point since every time I put in a request for it, the request was deleted and then I couldn't even see the request in history! Something this heavily censored must be worth a look!

Question about Revert
Why do you think the archiving reference for to archive should be directed to archive, when it is specifically mentioning "to archive"? Shouldn't there be a seperate entry for the terms it's singling out? I just want to know why there can't be a to archive entry aside from the archive entry, I thought two-word entries were allowed. Seeing as redirects are frowned upon what happens when someone enters to archive and gets no results?

tarse
Hiya JW. Can I ask where you got tarse=falcon from? I can't find it in any of my dictionaries. Cheers, Widsith 12:05, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Huh, OK. Thanks!  Widsith 12:13, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Move vandals
In the case of move vandals, the easiest thing to do (after blocking them) is to delete the original page (now a redirect) and then move the moved copy back to the original title. Then protect it from moves if applicable. That prevents having to restore anything. - TheDaveRoss 21:15, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, so it was, my mistake. Made more work than I had to :) - TheDaveRoss 21:21, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * In the move log, there's a link to (revert) at each line, which works even faster. — Vildricianus 12:09, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

wotcher
Just noticed that (a) you're patroling vandalism right now and (b) someone just created User:Wheelsonwheels which will probably warrant attention... scs 12:32, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

changing username
I'm doing what BD2412 did, and changing username. When the 'crats change the Won*****ol username to , as I am requesting, all the links to the Won*****ol userpage will have to be changed to the Thewayforward userpage. Maybe creating a new account whose sole purpose is to carry out these changes is not such a wonderful idea. But basically, I'm getting rid of the Wond****ol tag (due to RL stuff, not going into any details) --WFrenamingimp 09:42, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the welcome and the clarification on my addition to tension, Jonathan. It's always good to get quick feedback - even better when it's friendly :-). Cormaggio 15:15, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Still trying to figure things out
I am sorry I thought you left those statements my user talk page.Kisida 14:28, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Thank you
Dear Jonathan,

Thank you for signaling your confidence in my ability to act as a CheckUser for the English Wiktionary. Your vote means a lot to me. I deeply appreciate it.

You may not be aware, but the Meta: policy dictates that there must be multiple CheckUsers on any given project, or else none will be granted. Each must get 25 votes on their local wiki, as per Meta: policy, to be granted the CheckUser privilege.

I'd like to take a moment to endorse my friends and co-runners. Each of them offers different skills that, as a whole, complement the needs of the English Wiktionary.

 * 1) User:Uncle G has been an English Wikipedia sysop longer than he's been an English Wiktionary sysop.  This year (2006) he has refocused his efforts outside of Wiktionary.  He was dragged away from Wiktionary while cleaning up the tens of thousands of entries on Wikipedia that linked incorrectly to Wiktionary after the case-sensitivity change in June 2005.  He knows Wiktionary very well.  And he is very competent at focusing his efforts wherever they are most needed.  He operated the original Transwiki: bot, before we had the Special:Import feature we have now.
 * 2) User:Kipmaster is a French Wiktionnaire sysop and bot operator who is very technically capable.  He also is in Europe, making his hours of availability complementary to his American counterparts.  He is active in WiktionaryZ imports and understands very well which data can be imported here, from there.  He normally acts as our primary liaison to fr.wiktionary, whenever compatibility issues arise.
 * 3) User:Jon Harald Søby is a steward.  As a meta: steward, he is the primary person we call on to perform CheckUser checks now.  His availability is often limited, but his Central European timezone proves to be very, very useful on occasion.  He has contributed extensively to Wiktionary over the years.
 * 4) User:Kelly Martin was recently called in to help perform CheckUser checks on the English Wiktionary.  She is currently up for election also for the Board of Trustees of Wikimedia Foundation.  (In the unlikely event she wins that election, she will no longer be available to pursue her CheckUser nomination here.)  Since she also has CheckUser privilege on other sister projects, she is accustomed to the 'can's and 'cannot's of CheckUser procedures, in detail.

I hope you can take a moment to consider these fine candidates again. Your support means a great deal to them, as well as to Wiktionary's ability to perform its own CheckUser checks in a timely manner.

Thank you again, for your support. --Connel MacKenzie 06:19, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Capitalisation of present participle.
I notice that you changed the capitalisation of a present particple I added. I find it much better that way (capitalised) but left it uncapitalised because that is what the template does (as with the past tense). Is the standard to have the explanation line capitalised? If so, why does the template lead you to enter it uncapitalised?

 * There is an unofficial standard which treats definitions as sentences, so that they start with a capital and end with a full stop, even when they are not full sentences. Jonathan Webley 15:11, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

My additions
Thanks for checking my entries. I assume you are editting the pages in the correct fashion. Why do you have "en-noun" in the entry? Surely the plurals are obvious?

face the music
Good entry, was just vandalized with several edits. I put it back ;-) Robert Ullmann 14:18, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Adultery
You changed the definition back with an incorrect rationale.

There are two definitions currently in use. The first definition is historical, originally biblical that considers that sexual intercourse with a married woman (by someone other than her husband) to be adultery. The point being that sexual intercourse of a married man with an unmarried woman was not adultery.

The second, more recent definition, with the advent of womens rights, defines intercourse by a married person (of either gender)with someone outside of their marriage to be adultery.

Note, extra-marital should not be used, as two unmarried people having sexual intercourse is extra-marital, and yet not adultery. 75.72.29.120 18:38, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Kamus Dewan reference template
Why would you delete this? It is the standard reference dictionary of the Malay language. Robert Ullmann 14:34, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Err... Hi. I was the one that added that reference template. Was I not supposed to? It hasn't been used yet because I just added it yesterday. I couldn't find any rules for adding templates in the Beer Parlour archives, so I assumed that it would be alright if I just went ahead and added it. I'm sorry if I went over someone's head. My excuse: I'm still a newbie. Nestum82 18:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think there was anything wrong with it? And you can certainly add things like reference templates. I'm going to bring it back at least for now. Robert Ullmann 18:06, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Apologies, that was a mistake! At a glance I thought it was a page for somebody's name. Jonathan Webley 12:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Request for unblocking
Could you unblock my account? I looked at the page in question (peace), and I'm guessing that I meant for those edits to go to a different page, and hit save without noticing my mistake. 160.253.128.7 22:21, 28 April 2008 (UTC) User: Adrey

Why did you revert?
Why did you revert the anonymous edit of Ruud? It looked legitimate to me. __meco 01:25, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

serum
Ruakh has a question for you, apparently: see WT:RFV.—msh210 ℠ 20:26, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

Wikimedia UK Chapter
A plan is in the works to found a new UK chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation, and we are currently gathering support from the community. If you are interesting in being part of this new UK chapter as a member, a board member or as someone with a general interest in the chapter, please head over to Wikimedia UK v2.0 and let us know. We welcome help in making finishing touches to the plans. An election will be held shortly for the initial board, who will oversee the process of founding the company and accepting membership applications. They will then call an AGM to formally elect a new board, which will take the chapter forward, starting to raise funds and generally supporting the Wikimedia community in the UK. Thanks for your time. AndrewRT 22:29, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Translation tables
Hi Jonathan, thank you for adding the translation tables. In the future, would you also add the gloss to the table as I did here. Also, if there are multiple senses, please make sure there is a corresponding translation table for each. It takes a lot of extra work to separate the senses in translation tables, for example in point out. Thank you for your help. --Panda10 17:40, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

sprawl
Yes, Jonathan, it has been a typo. It should be erased. I'm sorry for the inconvenience. Theweirdalien 14:46, 13 March 2009 (UTC)theweirdalien

Template:eo-proper noun
Hi, I've moved the template back, but left a redirect. The format of the template names is "language code"-"part of speech", but I agree it's confusing to have a - and a " " so I left the redirect like Template:en-proper-noun Conrad.Irwin 09:49, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Aurigae & co.
If you are listing these as "Translingual", then they should not be listed as Derived terms of the English names of the constellations. Derived terms are for words in the smae language only. --EncycloPetey 20:11, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * You make a good point and I'll desist until resolved. Personally I think the constellation names should also be translingual and not English; they are in fact Latin. Anyway, a translingual is likely to be derived from some language or other, so why not English? Jonathan Webley 20:16, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The names of the constellations aren't Translingual. Most (many) languages have other names they use for them.  Even in Latin, some of the names are quite different than the English names. --EncycloPetey 20:18, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I would argue that since the official name is an international standard it is translingual. And in English we have other names for some of them (Ursa Major = Plough or Great Bear, for example). Jonathan Webley 20:21, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter than an international organization has set a "standard" if its not being used as a standard. A quick look through the Wikipedia links to FL articles on Auriga, for example, shows that the "standard" isn't being used by the general population.  --EncycloPetey 20:26, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Good point! Though I think it reinforces my argument since these FL sites refer to the translingual constellation names/genitives, e.g. Jonathan Webley 20:34, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh, I agree that the genitive forms are Translingual. The problem is that they aren't really complete words in and of themselves, at least by English standards, so I've never added them.  It's only the base constellation names that don't seem to be truly Translingual.  Most languages consider names like Auriga and Pisces to be "foreign" terms. --EncycloPetey 22:48, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

Deletion
Hi. Thanks. Could you also delete valence shell electron pair repulsion theory while we're about it? Also, could you see why I can't delete, and correct that for me please? Thanks. A LGRIF  talk 14:10, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

analyse
I accidentally reverted something you did to this entry today. It was the result of a balky trackpad button on my laptop that often gives me two clicks when I try to click once. The second can come when my cursor is already moving. I will revert it if it hasn't already been. Sorry for any upset or inconvenience. Let me know if I can help in some way. DCDuring TALK 01:43, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. DCDuring TALK 01:46, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Hello there.
Hello there fellow Esperantist :). I've started working in Esperanto a few weeks ago, and it seems that you also like Esperanto, so maybe we could work on some things together in the future?  Cheers, Razorflame 19:49, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Wiktionary/logo/refresh/voting
I do not want to come across as contumelious but please consider casting your vote for the tile logo as—besides using English—the book logo has a clear directionality of horizontal left-to-right, starkly contrasting with Arabic and Chinese, two of the six official UN languages. As such, the tile logo is the only translingual choice left and it was also elected in Wiktionary/logo/archive-vote-4. Warmest Regards, :)--thecurran Speak your mind my past 02:41, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Votes/2010-04/Voting policy
I urge you to vote. (I don't know which way you'll vote, but I want more voices, especially English Wiktionarians' voices, heard in this vote.) If you've voted already, or stated that you won't, and I missed it, I apologize. —msh210℠ 17:00, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Sacral
Hello, you provided two definitions of sacral, viz., of the sacrum; and sacred. I have been reading a bit about Sir Arthur Evans excavations at Knossos recently, and this had me wondering about "sacral", which he uses to mean "sacred" (or perhaps more precisely, "having a cultic significance") in several specific phrases (principally "sacral knot", occasionally also "sacral cross", "sacral architecture", "sacral kingship", "sacral landscape", etc.)

I checked two older unabridged dictionaries and so far as I could tell, he coined this usage; from googling, it seems that it has caught on, but those who still use it that way do so strictly in reference to archaeology, and largely quoting Evans or at least re-using his phrases. This is supported by The Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder (a compendium of The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 8th ed., and The Oxford Thesaurus, 1st ed.) which gives the secondary definition as
 * Anthropology: of or for sacred rites.

Had it not caught on I think one could say it was a malapropism by Evans, but as it stands, perhaps wiktionary has some other notation to indicate the limited domain (I don't know, I've never edited wiktionary.) Or perhaps I'm wrong and there is plenty of evidence of it being widely used everywhere I didn't look. Or it pre-dates Evans, but is still of limited domain. At any rate, I think you need some way to let the reader know that if he refers to the "sacral bonds of marriage" hardly anyone will know what he is talking about, and those few will chuckle. -- 202.63.39.58 04:00, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Your admin status
Hello. I'm a steward. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc.) was adopted by community consensus recently. According to this policy, the stewards are reviewing administrators' activity on wikis with no inactivity policy. You meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for 2 years) on eowiktionary, where you are an administrator. Since that wiki does not have its own administrators' rights review process, the global one applies. If you want to keep your rights, you should inform the community of the wiki about the fact that the stewards have sent you this information about your inactivity. If the community has a discussion about it and then wants you to keep your rights, please contact the stewards at m:Stewards' noticeboard, and link to the discussion of the local community, where they express their wish to continue to maintain the rights, and demonstrate a continued requirement to maintain these rights. We stewards will evaluate the responses. If there is no response at all after approximately one month, we will proceed to remove your administrative rights. In cases of doubt, we will evaluate the responses and will refer a decision back to the local community for their comment and review. If you have any questions, please contact us on m:Stewards' noticeboard. Best regards, Rschen7754 19:26, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

Kisi, China
Hello! You mention on the Kisi page you created thirteen years ago that there's a city in China with this name. Were you referring to ? Kisi may be an alternate form of the name for that city. Thanks for your time. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 07:25, 12 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Hey- is there a source or book where you saw the word 'Kisi'? If you will share that with me, I will try to figure out what the modern-day name of the location is and determine the etymology of 'Kisi'. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 01:16, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

unstageable
Hello. That new medical sense. Can you explain it? What does "stage" mean in this context? Should we have a corresponding sense at stageable? Equinox ◑ 11:27, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Okay! Can I nag you to modify stage and stageable accordingly? It's just weird to have that un- form and nothing at the others. Thanks for your help. Equinox ◑ 13:34, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

 * I think I understand it now: it's "unstageable" bc it doesn't fit into any of the defined stages in the (US) National Pressure Ulcer Staging System. I have modified the entry to explain this. Equinox ◑ 02:24, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.

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This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

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title: User talk:Jonathan Webley


text:
Rhymes:English/aɪps

Pronunciation
,

One syllable

 * cripes
 * gripes
 * pipes
 * stripes
 * types
 * wipes

title: Rhymes:English/aɪps


text:
User talk:Owain

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
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 * FAQ
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

What did you do to traditional county? You removed the standard ==English== heading that tells people that this is an English langiage word, and you removed the link to Wikipedia. If the word has other meanings than that given, these should be added using a second # entry. SemperBlotto 27 June 2005 13:44 (UTC)
 * Not sure what happened there - I created the article in the first place, there must have been some browser cache wierdness going on. I shall re-add them! Owain 27 June 2005 14:57 (UTC)
 * Yes, strange things have been happening lately. I have merged my attempt after your. Cheers. SemperBlotto 27 June 2005 15:09 (UTC)

title: User talk:Owain


text:
cripes

Etymology
Euphemistically for.

Interjection

 * 1)  A mild curse or expression of surprise.

Derived terms

 * for cripes sake

title: cripes