text:
cheap

Etymology
From, /, , /, , from , , from , , from , , , from. See also. For sense evolution to "inexpensive," compare or French.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ; also borrowed as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation

 * (in dialects with meet-meat merger)
 * (in dialects with meet-meat merger)
 * (in dialects with meet-meat merger)
 * (in dialects with meet-meat merger)
 * (in dialects with meet-meat merger)

Noun

 * 1)  Trade; traffic; chaffer; chaffering.
 * 2)  A market; marketplace.
 * 3)  Price.
 * 4)  A low price; a bargain.
 * 5)  Cheapness; lowness of price; abundance of supply.
 * 1)  Cheapness; lowness of price; abundance of supply.

Adjective

 * 1) Low or reduced in price.
 * 2) Of poor quality.
 * 3) Of little worth.
 * 4)  Underhand or unfair.
 * the cheap trick of hiding deadly lava under pushable blocks
 * 1)  Stingy; mean; excessively frugal.
 * 2)  Trading at a price level which is low relative to historical trends, a similar asset, or (for derivatives) a theoretical value.
 * The ETF is trading cheap to NAV right now; we can arb this by buying the ETF and selling the underlying constituents.
 * 1)  Taking little of system time or resources.
 * 1)  Stingy; mean; excessively frugal.
 * 2)  Trading at a price level which is low relative to historical trends, a similar asset, or (for derivatives) a theoretical value.
 * The ETF is trading cheap to NAV right now; we can arb this by buying the ETF and selling the underlying constituents.
 * 1)  Taking little of system time or resources.
 * 1)  Taking little of system time or resources.

Usage notes

 * Because cheap is polysemically ambiguous, it is not always clear whether the intended meaning is inexpensive, poorly made, or both; apt word choice, with terms such as or, can clarify.

Synonyms

 * ,, , poorly made
 * ,, , poorly made

Antonyms

 * , expensive, high-priced, pricey

Translations

 * Afrikaans: goedkoop
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ርካሽ, እርካሽ
 * Arabic: رَخِيص
 * Egyptian Arabic: رخيص
 * Moroccan Arabic: رْخيص
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: baratu
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: осһоҙ, арзан
 * Basque: merke
 * Belarusian: та́нны, дзяшо́вы
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ;
 * Burmese:, ,
 * Carpathian Rusyn: тунї
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: barato
 * Chamicuro: warato
 * Chechen: дораха
 * Chichewa: tchipa
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 平
 * Dungan: пянйи, җян
 * Hakka: 便宜
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Wu: 便宜, 𠼢
 * Chuvash: йӳнӗ
 * Cornish: a brys ysel
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, onduur, , , in aanbieding
 * Esperanto: malmultekosta, ĉipa
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: bíligur
 * Finnish:
 * French:, pas cher, peu cher,
 * Galician:, barateiro ; rebaixado
 * Georgian: იაფფასიანი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐτελής, εὔωνος, εὐθηνός
 * Hebrew:, זולה
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Ilocano: barato
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: hootava
 * Ingush: доарах
 * Irish: saor
 * Isan:
 * Italian:, a buon mercato, poco costoso
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kabuverdianu: baratu, baróte
 * Karakhanid: اُجُزْ
 * Kazakh: арзан
 * Khmer:
 * Khün: ᨳᩪᨠ
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ھەرزان
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຖືກ
 * Latin: vīlis
 * Latvian: lēts
 * Lithuanian: pigus, pigi
 * Lü: ᦏᦳᧅᧈ
 * Luxembourgish: bëlleg
 * Macedonian: евтин ; намален, снижен, поевтинет
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: rħis
 * Manx: neuphriosoil
 * Maori: utu ngāwari
 * Marathi: स्वस्त
 * Mongolian: хямд төсөр
 * Nepali: सस्तो,
 * Norman: bouan marchi,  bouôn marchi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: billeg, billig
 * Occitan:
 * Old East Slavic: дешевъ
 * Old English: undīere
 * Ottoman Turkish: اوجوز
 * Pashto:
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ;
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: bunmartgà,  bienmarcau,  bùnmartgieu,  bunmartgea,  bunmarcho,  bunmarchà
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit: अल्पमूल्य, न्यूनमूल्य
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: је̏фтин
 * Roman:
 * Shan: ,
 * Shona: chipa
 * Sinhalese:, ලාභ
 * Slovak: lacný
 * Slovene:
 * Somali:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: tuni, pśigódny
 * Upper Sorbian: tuni
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ;
 * Tagalog: mura
 * Tai Dam: ꪖꪴꪀ
 * Tai Nüa: ᥙᥨᥰ
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil: மலிவான
 * Tatar: арзан
 * Tausug: maluhay
 * Telugu: ; తగ్గింపు ధర
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ཁེ་པོ
 * Tigrinya: ሕሱር
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu:, ارزاں
 * Uyghur: ئەرزان
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Waray-Waray: barato
 * Welsh:
 * White Hmong:
 * Yiddish: ביליק
 * Zazaki: arzan,, , ercon ;
 * Zhuang: bienzngeiz, cienh

 * Armenian:
 * Basque: merke
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 渣, 鮓
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: tarvelig
 * Dutch:, laagwaardig,
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:, au rabais
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐτελής
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , チープ
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: توڕەھات
 * Latin: vīlis
 * Latvian: lēts
 * Macedonian: евтин, неквалите́тен
 * Old English: undīere
 * Pashto:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: јефтин, неквалитетан
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovene: cenen
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: தரம் குறைந்த
 * Telugu: తక్కువ రకం
 * Turkish:, ,

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بێقیمەت
 * Latin: vīlis
 * Latvian: lēts
 * Macedonian: евтин
 * Old English: undīere
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: јефтин
 * Roman:
 * Slovene: cenen
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: స్వల్ప లాభం
 * Turkish: ,
 * Zazaki:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Macedonian: евтин
 * Polish:
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Turkish:
 * Zazaki: çıkos

 * Finnish:

 * Ancient Greek:
 * Breton:
 * Esperanto:
 * Northern Sotho:
 * Romanian:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Tswana: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Xhosa:
 * Yoruba: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To trade; traffic; bargain; chaffer; ask the price of goods; cheapen goods.
 * 2)  To bargain for; chaffer for; ask the price of; offer a price for; cheapen.
 * 3)  To buy; purchase.
 * 4)  To sell.

Usage notes
Use of as a verb has been superseded by.

Adverb

 * 1) Cheaply.
 * I bought this cheap in a junk shop.
 * The pet shop has some budgerigars going cheap.
 * 1) * March 24 1658,, letter to Emeric Bigot
 * I need not request you to purchase them as cheap as possible

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  stingy; mean; excessively frugal
 * 2)  ; low-priced; bearing poor quality

title: cheap


text:
common

Etymology
From, from , from (rare in the , but reinforced as a Carolingian calque of 🇨🇬 in ), from , from , from. Displaced native 🇨🇬, (from 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬,  (also from 🇨🇬),,  (from ). .

Adjective

 * 1) Mutual; shared by more than one.
 * 2) Of a quality: existing among virtually all people; universal.
 * 3) Occurring or happening regularly or frequently; usual.
 * 4) Found in large numbers or in a large quantity; usual.
 * 5) Simple, ordinary or vulgar.
 * 6)  As part of the vernacular name of a species, usually denoting that it is abundant or widely known.
 * 7)  Vernacular, referring to the name of a kind of plant or animal.
 * vs. scientific name.
 * 1)  Arising from use or tradition, as opposed to being created by a legislative body.
 * 2)  Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.
 * 3)  Of or pertaining to common nouns as opposed to proper nouns.
 * 4)  Profane; polluted.
 * 5)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.
 * 1) Simple, ordinary or vulgar.
 * 2)  As part of the vernacular name of a species, usually denoting that it is abundant or widely known.
 * 3)  Vernacular, referring to the name of a kind of plant or animal.
 * vs. scientific name.
 * 1)  Arising from use or tradition, as opposed to being created by a legislative body.
 * 2)  Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.
 * 3)  Of or pertaining to common nouns as opposed to proper nouns.
 * 4)  Profane; polluted.
 * 5)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.
 * 1)  As part of the vernacular name of a species, usually denoting that it is abundant or widely known.
 * 2)  Vernacular, referring to the name of a kind of plant or animal.
 * vs. scientific name.
 * 1)  Arising from use or tradition, as opposed to being created by a legislative body.
 * 2)  Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.
 * 3)  Of or pertaining to common nouns as opposed to proper nouns.
 * 4)  Profane; polluted.
 * 5)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.
 * 1)  Vernacular, referring to the name of a kind of plant or animal.
 * vs. scientific name.
 * 1)  Arising from use or tradition, as opposed to being created by a legislative body.
 * 2)  Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.
 * 3)  Of or pertaining to common nouns as opposed to proper nouns.
 * 4)  Profane; polluted.
 * 5)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.
 * 1)  Profane; polluted.
 * 2)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.
 * 1)  Given to lewd habits; prostitute.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:joint
 * ,, , ; see also Thesaurus:common
 * ; see also Thesaurus:widespread
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:normal

Antonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:sole
 * ,, , ; see also Thesaurus:strange

Translations

 * Albania:, i përgjithshem
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani: ortaq, şərik
 * Bashkir: уртаҡ
 * Belarusian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: fælles
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto: komuna
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German:, Gemein-, property
 * Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κοινός
 * Hebrew: משותף, משותפת
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua: commun
 * Irish: coiteann
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: kopīgs, kopīga
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay:
 * Maori: pūnoa, pātahi
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: gemǣne
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: khuska
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cumanta, coitcheann
 * Slovene: skúpen
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: gromadny, zgromadny, pógromadny
 * Upper Sorbian: zhromadny
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog:, balana
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: בשותּפֿותדיק

 * Amharic: የተለመደ, ተራ
 * Arabic: شَائِع
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian: звы́клы
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:, vanlig,
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto:, normala, ordinara
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ჩვეულებრივი, ხშირი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:, שכיחה,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, , , , , lit. well-known
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua: commun
 * Irish: coitianta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Latin:
 * Malay: biasa
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: ġewunelīċ
 * Persian:, ,
 * Polish:, , , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cumanta, àbhaisteach, coitcheann
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:, balana
 * Telugu: (maamoolu)
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: зви́чний, звича́йний
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Walloon:

 * Arabic: شَائِع
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ხშირი
 * German:, nicht ungewöhnlich, ,
 * Hebrew:, נפוצה, , שכיחה,
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ざら
 * Khmer:
 * Latin:
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: ġewunelīċ
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: cumanta, coitcheann
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:, ,

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ordinara, vulgara
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ჩვეულებრივი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀγελαῖος
 * Hebrew:, רגילה
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: coiteann
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Khmer:
 * Malay: biasa
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: ġewunelīċ
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: (saamaanya)
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: (genre)
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: genus commune
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: felleskjønn
 * Occitan:
 * Polish:, męsko-żeński
 * Portuguese: (género)
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Thai:

 * Indonesian: ,

Noun

 * 1) Mutual good, shared by more than one.
 * 2) A tract of land in common ownership; common land.
 * 3) The people; the community.
 * 4)  The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right.
 * 1) The people; the community.
 * 2)  The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right.
 * 1)  The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right.

Translations

 * Bashkir: уртаҡ мөлкәт, уртаҡ мал
 * Catalan: comunal
 * Danish: fælles gode
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: yhteisomaisuus
 * German:
 * Polish: dobro wspólne
 * Welsh: commins

 * Catalan: comunal
 * Danish: fælled
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, espace domanial,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, közös földterület
 * Irish: coimín
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: comin

Verb

 * 1)  To communicate (something).
 * 2)  To converse, talk.
 * 3) * 1568-1569,, Chronicle
 * Capitaine generall of Flaunders, which amiably enterteyned the sayd Duke, and after they had secretly commoned of.
 * 1)  To have sex.
 * 2)  To participate.
 * 3)  To have a joint right with others in common ground.
 * 4)  To board together; to eat at a table in common.
 * 1)  To have a joint right with others in common ground.
 * 2)  To board together; to eat at a table in common.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  ; usual; widespread

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: common


text:
chin

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from. Compare West Frisian/Dutch, Low German/German , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) The bottom of a face,  the typically jutting jawline below the mouth.
 * 2)  Talk.
 * 3)  A lie, a falsehood.
 * 4)  A person of the upper class.
 * 5)  The ability to withstand being punched in the chin without being knocked out.
 * 6)  The lower part of the front of an aircraft, below the nose.
 * 7) The bottom part of a mobile phone, below the screen.
 * 1) The bottom part of a mobile phone, below the screen.
 * 1) The bottom part of a mobile phone, below the screen.

Antonyms

 * See glass jaw

Translations

 * Japanese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian:

Verb

 * 1)  To talk.
 * 2)  To talk to or with (someone).
 * 3)  To perform a chin-up exercise in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar.
 * 4)  To punch or hit (someone)'s chin part of the body.
 * 5)  To put or hold (a musical instrument) up to one's chin.
 * 6)  To turn on or operate (a device) using one's chin; to select (a particular setting) using one's chin.
 * 7)  To put one's chin on (something).
 * 8)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To punch or hit (someone)'s chin part of the body.
 * 2)  To put or hold (a musical instrument) up to one's chin.
 * 3)  To turn on or operate (a device) using one's chin; to select (a particular setting) using one's chin.
 * 4)  To put one's chin on (something).
 * 5)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To put or hold (a musical instrument) up to one's chin.
 * 2)  To turn on or operate (a device) using one's chin; to select (a particular setting) using one's chin.
 * 3)  To put one's chin on (something).
 * 4)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To turn on or operate (a device) using one's chin; to select (a particular setting) using one's chin.
 * 2)  To put one's chin on (something).
 * 3)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To put one's chin on (something).
 * 2)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.
 * 1)  To indicate or point toward (someone or something) with one's chin.

Etymology 2
Shortening of.

Noun

 * 1)  A chinchilla.

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬, from.

Noun

 * 1) dog

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) dog

Adjective

 * 1) one.

Noun

 * 1) grime, filth, body dirt

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) torture, pain

Etymology
From, from , from. The shift -u- → -i- is probably due to analogy with. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * 1)  with

Etymology
Perhaps of African origin; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  small amount

Verb

 * 1) to eat

title: chin


text:
then

Etymology
From, , from , , , from , from earlier , from , accusative masculine of. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Doublet of.

Adverb

 * 1)  At that time.
 * 2)  Soon afterward.
 * 3)  Next in order of place.
 * 4) In addition; also; besides.
 * 5)  In that case.
 * 6)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 7)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  Next in order of place.
 * 2) In addition; also; besides.
 * 3)  In that case.
 * 4)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 5)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1) In addition; also; besides.
 * 2)  In that case.
 * 3)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 4)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 2)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 2)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  At the same time; on the other hand.
 * 2)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  Used to contradict an assertion.
 * 1)  Used to contradict an assertion.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:then
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:therefore
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:simultaneously
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:therefore
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:simultaneously

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: آنَذَاكَ, حِينَئِذٍ
 * Aromanian: atumtsea, atuntsi
 * Assamese: তেতিয়া
 * Belarusian: тады́
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: diatremun
 * Dutch:
 * Early Assamese: তেবে, তেতিক্ষণে
 * Esperanto:
 * Evenki: тэли
 * Finnish:
 * French:, à cette époque-
 * Galician: entón, daquela
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τότε, ἄρα
 * Doric: τόκα
 * Guaraní: upérõ
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: saat itu
 * Irish: ansin
 * Istro-Romanian: datunče
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: その時, その時点
 * Kamta: সেলা
 * Khmer: ពេលនោះ, កាលនោះ
 * Korean:, 그 때
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, wê demê, wî çaxî, wî wextî, wê gavê
 * Lao:
 * Latgalian: tod, tūlaik
 * Latin:, ,
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: tada
 * Macedonian: тогаш
 * Malay: pada masa yang sama
 * Middle Assamese: তেবে
 * Nanai: тэли
 * Navajo: índa, íídą́ą́ʼ
 * Neapolitan: tanno
 * Norwegian:, den gang
 * Old English: þā
 * Old Norse: þá
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, naquele tempo, naquela época
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scots: than
 * Scottish Gaelic: matà
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: о̏нда̄, та̀да̄
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: vtedy
 * Slovene:, tedaj
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: pótom, pón
 * Spanish:, en aquel entonces
 * Swedish:
 * Sylheti: ꠢꠦꠛꠟꠣ, ꠢꠡꠝꠄ
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ตอนนั้น
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: تب
 * Vietnamese: khi ấy, khi đó, lúc đó, lúc ấy, hồi đó
 * Walloon:, a ç' moumint la
 * Welsh: bryd hynny
 * Zazaki:, , wexto

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Moroccan Arabic: من بعد
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: заты́м
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 接著//接着
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მერე, კვლავ
 * German:, ,
 * Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌷
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εἶτα, ἔπειτε
 * Guaraní: upéi
 * Hebrew: אחר כך
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: i ndiadh sin
 * Istriot: puoi
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: それから, その後, その後,
 * Khmer: រួចមក, បន្ទាប់មក, ក្រោយមក
 * Korean: 나중에,
 * Kumyk: сонг, сонгра
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, , , , peyre
 * Lao:
 * Latin: ,
 * Lombard: pö, pœu
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: потоа
 * Malay: tidak lama kemudian
 * Maltese: mbagħad
 * Maori: kātahi
 * Mbyá Guaraní: ha'e gui, ha'e vy
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:, ,
 * Old English: þā
 * Old Norse: þá
 * Pashto:
 * Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: dan
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , em seguida
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: alura
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scots: syne
 * Scottish Gaelic: an dèidh sin, an dèidh làimhe
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: затим,, после , послије , након тога
 * Roman:, , ,  , nakon toga
 * Sicilian: poi
 * Slovak: potom
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: pótom, pón
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: kisha
 * Swedish:, , ,
 * Taos: yíane
 * Tashelhit: ⵄⴰⴷ
 * Thai: แล้วก็
 * Tocharian B: ṅke
 * Tok Pisin: orait
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: по́тім
 * Urdu: پھر
 * Venetian: po, può
 * Vietnamese:, , xong rồi
 * Walloon:, , ,
 * Zazaki: demena, solığna

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: তাৰ পাছত
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian: след това
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 接著//接着, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τότε, ἄρα, ἔπειτα
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: それから, その後, その後, 次に
 * Kamta: তাৰ পাছোত
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, , , , peyre
 * Lao:
 * Latin: ,
 * Malay: selepas itu
 * Malayalam:
 * Mongolian:
 * Navajo: índa
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Old English: þā
 * Pashto:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , seguidamente, sequencialmente
 * Quechua: hinaspa
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: alura
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Sylheti: ꠔꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ, ꠔꠣꠞ ꠙꠞꠦ
 * Taos: yíane
 * Tocharian B: ṅke
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:, rồi đến, rồi tới
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon: ,
 * Zazaki:

 * Arabic: إِذًا,
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: তেনেহ’লে, তেন্তে, তে
 * Belarusian: тады́, дык, то, у такі́м вы́падку, у такі́м ра́зе
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: entón, daquela
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: そのとき,
 * Kamta: তাহালে
 * Khmer:, អញ្ចឹង
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Lao:
 * Latin:, , igitur
 * Lithuanian: tada
 * Malay: oleh sebab yang demikian
 * Malayalam:
 * Mongolian:
 * Northern Thai:
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Old English: þā
 * Old Norse: þá
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, nesse caso
 * Quechua: hinaspa
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , в тако́м слу́чае
 * Scottish Gaelic: ma-thà, a-rèist
 * Serbo-Croatian:, , u tom slučaju
 * Shan:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Sylheti: ꠔꠦ, ꠔꠣꠁꠟꠦ
 * Thai:
 * Tok Pisin: orait
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Tày: le̱
 * Ukrainian:, , у тако́му ра́зі
 * Urdu: تو
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Walloon: ,
 * Yiddish: דעמאָלט
 * Zazaki: no hal
 * Zhuang:

 * Catalan: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Italian: allo stesso tempo
 * Japanese: そのとき
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: li milê din, li alî dî
 * Latin: contra ea, alioqui,
 * Lithuanian: tada
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: på den annen side
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ao mesmo tempo, ;
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Walloon:, min nén pus,
 * Zazaki: fına zi, coy ra

Adjective

 * 1) Being so at that time.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: тогавашен
 * Danish: daværende
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: tiama
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: דְּאָז
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:, そのとき, その時点
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: daværende
 * Nynorsk: dåværande
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: de entonces
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: o zamanki
 * Zazaki: wıni bı

Noun

 * 1) That time
 * It will be finished before then.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: това време
 * Dutch: die tijd
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Zazaki: a çerğ

 * Arabic:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: (if-then),, , , ,
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Mandarin:, ,

Etymology
. The obsolete form is attested in some texts.

Noun

 * 1) bar, peg (used for locking a door)
 * 2) latch

Noun

 * 1) maggot

title: then


text:
theory

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from , from +  [i. e. θέαν ὁράω (théan horáō, “see, look at a view; survey + genitive”)].

Noun

 * 1)  A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
 * 2)   A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc.
 * 3) * 1843,, ""A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, ..., Bk V, Ch 7:
 * In its most proper acceptation, theory means the completed result of philosophical induction from experience.
 * 1)   The underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice.
 * 2)   A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs.
 * Knot theory classifies the mappings of a circle into 3-space.
 * 1)  A hypothesis or conjecture.
 * 2)   A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are . Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).
 * A theory is consistent if it has a model.
 * 1)   Mental conception; reflection, consideration.
 * 1)   A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs.
 * Knot theory classifies the mappings of a circle into 3-space.
 * 1)  A hypothesis or conjecture.
 * 2)   A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are . Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).
 * A theory is consistent if it has a model.
 * 1)   Mental conception; reflection, consideration.
 * 1)   A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are . Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).
 * A theory is consistent if it has a model.
 * 1)   Mental conception; reflection, consideration.

Usage notes
In scientific discourse, the sense “unproven conjecture” is discouraged (with or  preferred), due to unintentional ambiguity and intentional equivocation with the sense “well-developed statement or structure”.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:supposition

Meronyms

 * s

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Azerbaijani: nəzəriyyə, teoriya
 * Belarusian: тэо́рыя
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: teori
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: teorio
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თეორია
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: teori
 * Hebrew:, תֵּאוֹרְיָה
 * Hindi:, नज़रिया,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: teoiric
 * Old Irish: teöir, teoiricecht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: теория
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latvian: teorija
 * Lithuanian: teorija
 * Macedonian: теорија
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: teorija
 * Maori: ariā
 * Marathi: सिद्धांत
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Moroccan Amazigh: ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: teori
 * Nynorsk: teori
 * Occitan:
 * Pashto: ,
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тѐо̄рија
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: teória
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: huna
 * Tajik:, теория
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen: teoriýa
 * Ukrainian: тео́рія
 * Urdu: نظریہ
 * Uyghur: نەزەرىيە
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: damcaniaeth
 * Yiddish: טעאָריע

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: teori
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: नज़रिया
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: teoiric
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , ,
 * Macedonian: теорија
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: teorija
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: teori
 * Nynorsk: teori
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: beachd-smaoin
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тѐо̄рија
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: huna
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Volapük:
 * Yiddish: טעאָריע

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: teori
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: teoiric
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Macedonian: теорија
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: teorija
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: teori
 * Nynorsk: teori
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тѐо̄рија
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: huna
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Welsh: damcaniaeth

 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: teoiric
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: теорија
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: teori
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: teorii
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тѐо̄рија
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Welsh: damcaniaeth

 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: ,

title: theory


text:
weight

Etymology
From, , , , from , , from "weight"; compare, from. Equivalent to.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) The force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation.
 * 2) An object used to make something heavier.
 * 3) A standardized block of metal used in a balance to measure the mass of another object.
 * 4)  Importance or influence.
 * 5) * 1907 Alonso de Espinosa, Hakluyt Society & Sir Clements Robert Markham, The Guanches of Tenerife: the holy image of Our Lady of Candelaria, and the Spanish conquest and settlement, Printed for the Hakluyt Society, p116
 * Another knight came to settle on the island, a man of much weight and position, on whom the Adelantados of all the island relied, and who was made a magistrate.
 * 1)  An object, such as a weight plate or barbell, used for strength training.
 * 2)  Viscosity rating.
 * 3)  Mass (atomic weight, molecular weight, etc.)
 * 4)  Mass (net weight, troy weight, carat weight, etc.).
 * 5)  A variable which multiplies a value for ease of statistical manipulation.
 * 6)  The smallest cardinality of a base.
 * 7)  The boldness of a font; the relative thickness of its strokes.
 * 8)  The relative thickness of a drawn rule or painted brushstroke, line weight.
 * 9)  The illusion of mass.
 * 10)  The thickness and opacity of paint.
 * 11)  Pressure; burden.
 * 12) The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the power which moves it.
 * 13)  Shipments of (often illegal) drugs.
 * 14)  One pound of drugs, especially cannabis.
 * 15)  Money.
 * 16) Weight class
 * 17)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.
 * 1) The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the power which moves it.
 * 2)  Shipments of (often illegal) drugs.
 * 3)  One pound of drugs, especially cannabis.
 * 4)  Money.
 * 5) Weight class
 * 6)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.
 * 1)  One pound of drugs, especially cannabis.
 * 2)  Money.
 * 3) Weight class
 * 4)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.
 * 1) Weight class
 * 2)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.
 * 1)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.
 * 1)  Emphasis applied to a given criterion.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: gewig
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ክብደት
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:, ,
 * Assamese: ওজন
 * Asturian: pesu
 * Azerbaijani:, , vəzn
 * Basque: pisu
 * Belarusian: ва́га
 * Belizean Creole: wayt
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: kabug-aton
 * Central Melanau: baat
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: vægt, tyngdekraft
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: pezo
 * Estonian: kaal
 * Ewe: kpekpeme
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: pês
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: წონა
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌹
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: βάρος
 * Hawaiian: kaumaha
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Ilocano: dagsen
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: paino, paine, raskahus
 * Irish: meáchan
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:,  ,
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: bayat
 * Kazakh: салмақ
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Ladin: peis
 * Lao: ນ້ຳໜັກ, ນ້ຳຫນັກ
 * Latin: pondus
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard:
 * Luxembourgish: Gewiicht
 * Macedonian: тежина
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Manchu: ᡨᠣᠣᠰᡝ
 * Maori: taimaha
 * Maranao: timbang
 * Marathi: वजन
 * Mongolian: ,
 * Neapolitan: pisemo
 * Nepali: ताैल
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old English: ġewiht
 * Oromo: ulfina
 * Ossetian: уӕз
 * Persian:
 * Piedmontese: peis
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: paisa, peisa, pesa, pais
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sardinian: pesu, pessu
 * Scots: weicht
 * Scottish Gaelic: cudrom
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тежина
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak: váha
 * Slovene:
 * Somali: culays
 * Southern Altai: беске
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: bigat
 * Tajik: вазн
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Thai:
 * Tocharian B: krāmär
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: pexo
 * Vietnamese: (重量), cân nặng
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: געוויכט

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: partsa
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian: ,
 * Luxembourgish: Gewiicht
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: tāwē, wēti, taumaha, toimaha
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: ġewiht
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scots: weicht
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Telugu:

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: kaaluma
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:, , σταθμίον
 * Ancient: σταθμίον
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Maori: maihea
 * Old English: ġewiht
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scots: weicht
 * Slovak: závažie
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Latin: auctōritās
 * Luxembourgish: Bedeitung, Gewiicht
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, haltere,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scots: weicht
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:, , dambıl

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: painokerroin,, painotuskerroin,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Malay:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scots: weicht
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Luxembourgish: Stäerkt
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:

 * Finnish:, peittävyys

 * Indonesian:
 * Spanish:

Verb

 * 1)  To add weight to something; to make something heavier.
 * 2)  To load (fabrics) with barite, etc. to increase the weight.
 * 3)  To load, burden or oppress someone.
 * 4)  To assign weights to individual statistics.
 * 5)  To bias something; to slant.
 * 6)  To handicap a horse with a specified weight.
 * 7)  To give a certain amount of force to a throw, kick, hit, etc.
 * 1)  To give a certain amount of force to a throw, kick, hit, etc.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: lisätä painoa
 * French:, ,
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Romanian:
 * Swedish: göra tyngre

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Italian:
 * Romanian:
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: lisätä paino

title: weight


text:
whistler

Etymology
From, , , from , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) Someone or something that whistles, or who plays a whistle as a musical instrument.
 * 2) Any of several passerine birds of the genera  and,  of Australasia and the western Pacific.
 * 3) Any bird that whistles or is noted for its whistling vocalisations (applied regionally to various specific species).
 * 4) A goldeneye (any of certain ducks of genus ).
 * 5) A whistling marmot.
 * 6) A mountain beaver.
 * 7) An audio-frequency electromagnetic wave produced by atmospheric disturbances such as lightning.
 * 8) A broken-winded horse.
 * 9)  The keeper of a whistling shop, or shebeen.
 * 1)  The keeper of a whistling shop, or shebeen.

Translations

 * Finnish:, vihellin
 * French:
 * Italian: fischiatore
 * Ottoman Turkish: دودوكجی
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:

 * Finnish:
 * Italian: quattrocchi

 * Finnish: matalataajuinen radioaalto

title: whistler


text:
pledge

Etymology
From, from , from (Modern 🇨🇬) from , , from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Verb

 * 1) To make a solemn promise (to do something).
 * 2) To deposit something as a security; to pawn.
 * 3)  To give assurance of friendship by the act of drinking; to drink to one's health.
 * 1)  To give assurance of friendship by the act of drinking; to drink to one's health.

Translations

 * Arabic: تَعَهَّدَ
 * Bengali: ওয়াদা করা
 * Bulgarian: давам обет
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 誓
 * Hakka: 誓
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch: plechtig beloven
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, , lupautua
 * French:
 * Galician: estocar,
 * German:, , ,
 * Hebrew: נִשְׁבַּע
 * Hungarian:, , , szavát adja, elkötelezi magát
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: spondere, vovere
 * Malay: ikrar
 * Maori: oati, whakaoati
 * Occitan: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Slovak: zástava
 * Slovene: zapriseči, zavezati se, zaobljubiti se
 * Spanish: ,
 * Tarifit: tjaǧit
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, , , yemin billlah etmek
 * Vietnamese: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: mettre en gage
 * Galician: gravecer, engaxar, piñorar
 * German:
 * Hungarian: zálogba ad,, biztosítékul, fedezetül ad
 * Latgalian: aizlyka
 * Latvian: ķīla
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: złożyć zastaw
 * Portuguese: caucionar
 * Russian: отдава́ть в зало́г, отда́ть в зало́г, ,
 * Slovene: zastaviti
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ipotek ettirmek

 * Bulgarian: вдигам тост
 * Finnish: juoda jonkun malja
 * Hungarian: iszik (valaki) egészségére

Noun

 * 1) A solemn promise to do something.
 * 2)  A promise to abstain from drinking alcohol.
 * 3) An asset or person temporarily handed over to guarantee the fulfilment of something promised, under threat of permanent loss of the thing handed over; surety, security, hostage.
 * 4)  A bailment of personal property to secure payment of a debt without transfer of title.
 * 5) The personal property so pledged, to be kept until the debt is paid.
 * 6)  A person who has taken a pledge of allegiance to a college fraternity, but is not yet formally approved.
 * 7) A drinking toast.
 * 1) The personal property so pledged, to be kept until the debt is paid.
 * 2)  A person who has taken a pledge of allegiance to a college fraternity, but is not yet formally approved.
 * 3) A drinking toast.
 * 1) A drinking toast.

Translations

 * Arabic:, تَعَهُّد
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: ligãmintu
 * Belarusian: абяца́нне, заро́к
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian: promessa solenne
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Macedonian: ветување, заклетва
 * Malay: ikrar
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: takoha, kupu taurangi
 * Occitan: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: gealltanas
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: за̀лога, за́вет, за́вјет, обећа́ње, при̏сега
 * Roman:, , , obećánje,
 * Slovak: sľub, prísaha
 * Slovene: zaprisega, zaobljuba,
 * Spanish: promesa solemne,
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: обі́тниця, обі́т, обіця́нка, зарі́к, заро́к

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: заста́ва
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: zástava,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐγγύη, ῥύσιον, ὑποθήκη
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: pantti
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: pignus
 * Macedonian: залог
 * Malagasy:
 * Maori: tāmana
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: pegn
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: за́лог
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: zástava, záruka
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: заста́ва
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: gwystl

 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Belarusian: тост
 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: maljapuhe
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: тост

 * Finnish: raittiuslupaus
 * Spanish: ,

title: pledge


text:
industrial output

Noun

 * 1)  What an industry produces, as a national total.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 工業産值
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: industriële produktie
 * Finnish:
 * French: production industrielle
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: промы́шленное произво́дство

title: industrial output


text:
attend

Etymology
From, , from , from , the   of , , from  +. .

Verb

 * 1)  To care for (someone requiring attention); specifically, of a doctor, nurse, etc.: to provide professional care to (someone).
 * 2)  To wait on (someone or their instructions) as an attendant, servant, etc.; also (specifically of a gentleman-in-waiting or lady-in-waiting to a member of royalty), to accompany (someone) in order to assist or wait upon them; to escort.
 * 3)  To be present at (an event or place) in order to take part in some action or proceedings; also, to regularly go to (an event or place).
 * 4)  To take action with respect to (someone, or something such as a concern, problem, or task); to deal with, to handle.
 * 5)  Of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent to or present with (someone or something); to accompany.
 * 6)  To look after (someone or something); to tend.
 * 7)  Followed by to: to look after someone or something.
 * 8)  To be ready to wait upon someone or their instructions as an attendant, servant, etc.; also (followed by on or upon), to accompany someone in order to assist or wait upon them.
 * 9)  Followed by at: to go to and be present at a place for some purpose; also, followed by on: to be present at and take part in an event.
 * 10)  Followed by to: to take action with respect to someone or something; to deal with.
 * 11)  Followed by on or upon: of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent on or present with.
 * 12)  To listen to (something or someone).
 * 13)  To give consideration to (someone or something); to heed, to pay attention, to regard.
 * 14)  Often followed by to, upon, or with: to give consideration; to pay attention.
 * 15)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 16)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 17)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 18)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 19)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 20)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 21)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 22)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent to or present with (someone or something); to accompany.
 * 2)  To look after (someone or something); to tend.
 * 3)  Followed by to: to look after someone or something.
 * 4)  To be ready to wait upon someone or their instructions as an attendant, servant, etc.; also (followed by on or upon), to accompany someone in order to assist or wait upon them.
 * 5)  Followed by at: to go to and be present at a place for some purpose; also, followed by on: to be present at and take part in an event.
 * 6)  Followed by to: to take action with respect to someone or something; to deal with.
 * 7)  Followed by on or upon: of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent on or present with.
 * 8)  To listen to (something or someone).
 * 9)  To give consideration to (someone or something); to heed, to pay attention, to regard.
 * 10)  Often followed by to, upon, or with: to give consideration; to pay attention.
 * 11)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 12)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 13)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 14)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 15)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 16)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 17)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 18)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Followed by at: to go to and be present at a place for some purpose; also, followed by on: to be present at and take part in an event.
 * 2)  Followed by to: to take action with respect to someone or something; to deal with.
 * 3)  Followed by on or upon: of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent on or present with.
 * 4)  To listen to (something or someone).
 * 5)  To give consideration to (someone or something); to heed, to pay attention, to regard.
 * 6)  Often followed by to, upon, or with: to give consideration; to pay attention.
 * 7)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 8)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 9)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 10)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 11)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 12)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 13)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 14)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Followed by on or upon: of a (chiefly immaterial) thing: to be consequent on or present with.
 * 2)  To listen to (something or someone).
 * 3)  To give consideration to (someone or something); to heed, to pay attention, to regard.
 * 4)  Often followed by to, upon, or with: to give consideration; to pay attention.
 * 5)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 6)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 7)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 8)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 9)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 10)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 11)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 12)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Often followed by to, upon, or with: to give consideration; to pay attention.
 * 2)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 3)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 4)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 5)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 6)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 7)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 8)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 9)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Followed by to or unto: to listen.
 * 2)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 3)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 4)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 5)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 6)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 7)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 8)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  To look out or wait for (someone, or something such as a decision or event); to await.
 * 2)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 3)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 4)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 5)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 6)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 7)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  To expect or look forward to (someone or something).
 * 2)  Of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait for (someone or something); to await.
 * 3)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 4)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 5)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 6)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  To remain and wait; to abide.
 * 2)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 3)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 4)  To intend (something).
 * 1)  Followed by for: to expect or look forward.
 * 2)  Followed by for: of a thing: to be in store or lie in wait.
 * 3)  To intend (something).

Translations

 * Arabic: حَضَرَ
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch: aanwezig zijn, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: olla läsnä,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:, percurar
 * German: ,
 * Greek: παραβρίσκομαι, ,
 * Hungarian: jelen van,
 * Ido:
 * Irish: freastail
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: присуствува
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: atentować, ,
 * Portuguese:, , estar presente em, participar de
 * Romanian: fi prezent,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: бути присутнім
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * White Hmong: koom
 * Yiddish: בײַזײַן
 * Zazaki: tor biyen

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: φοιτάω
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, ,

 * Bulgarian: грижа се, обръщам внимание,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:, , pitää huolta
 * Galician:, catar, chatar, espeitar, precurar
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:, , , , , , , , , , ,
 * Latin: attendō,
 * Macedonian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, уделя́ть внима́ние, удели́ть внима́ние, ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgeadaich
 * Spanish: ,
 * Welsh:

title: attend


text:
whistle

Etymology 1
From, , , from , from the verb (see below).

Noun

 * 1)  A device designed to be placed in the mouth and blown, or driven by steam or some other mechanism, to make a whistling sound.
 * 2) An act of whistling.
 * 3)  A shrill, high-pitched sound made by whistling.
 * 4) Any high-pitched sound similar to the sound made by whistling.
 * the whistle of the wind in the trees
 * 1)  A suit (from whistle and flute).
 * 2)  The mouth and throat; so called as being the organs of whistling.
 * 1) Any high-pitched sound similar to the sound made by whistling.
 * the whistle of the wind in the trees
 * 1)  A suit (from whistle and flute).
 * 2)  The mouth and throat; so called as being the organs of whistling.
 * 1)  The mouth and throat; so called as being the organs of whistling.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: صَفَّارَة
 * Hijazi Arabic: صُفِّيرة
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: fluiarã, fluearã, fluir
 * Assamese: হুইচেল
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: һыҙғыртҡыс
 * Belarusian: свісто́к
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 哨子,
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech:, píšťalka
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fajfilo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, , , subiote
 * Georgian: სასტვენი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: siflèt
 * Hausa:
 * Hawaiian: ʻūlili
 * Higaonon: pito
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: sibilo
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , , , 呼び子
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Lao:, ຫວີດ
 * Latgalian: šviļpuks, šviļpaunīks, sveļpe
 * Latvian: svilpe, svilpe
 * Lithuanian: švilpukas
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: свирка
 * Malay: wisel
 * Maltese: suffara
 * Maori: wīhara, wītara
 * Marathi: शिटी
 * Meru: thirimbi
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: fløyte
 * Ottoman Turkish: دودوك
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: feadag, feadan
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пѝшта̄љка, звѝжда̄љка, звиждалица, пѝшталица
 * Roman:, , zviždalica,
 * Shan:
 * Slovak: píšťala
 * Slovene: piščalka
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:, ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tagalog: sipol,
 * Tai Dón: ꪢꪱꪀꪪꪲꪒ
 * Tajik: ҳуштак
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: свист, свисто́к, сюрчо́к
 * Urdu: سیٹی
 * Vietnamese:, , tiếng huýt
 * Welsh: chwibanogl
 * Yiddish: פֿײַפֿל

 * Assamese: সুহুৰি, উকি
 * Asturian: xiblíu, xiblida
 * Basque: txistu
 * Belarusian: свіст
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Esperanto: fajfado
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, viheltäminen
 * French:
 * Galician:, silbo
 * Georgian: სტვენა, დასტვენა, ჩასტვენა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Interlingua: sibilo
 * Irish: feadaíl
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: svilpošana
 * Lithuanian: švilpimas
 * Malayalam: ചൂളമടി
 * Marathi: शिटी
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: apitada, assoviada, assobiada , , ,
 * Romanian: fluierare,, fluierătură
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зви̏ждӯк
 * Roman:
 * Swedish:
 * Talysh:
 * Asalemi: فوزه
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: свист
 * Welsh: chwiban
 * Yoruba: súfèé

 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: সুহুৰি, উকি
 * Breton: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: fløjt
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: fajfo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, vislaus
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სტვენა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, σφυριξιά
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: svilpiens
 * Lithuanian: švilpimas
 * Malay: siulan
 * Malayalam:
 * Marathi: शिटी
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fead
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зви̏ждӯк
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:, , , , , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เสียงผิวปาก
 * Ukrainian: свист, свисто́к, сюрчо́к
 * Urdu: سیٹی
 * Venetian:
 * Welsh: chwiban, chwibaniad

 * Breton: ,
 * Danish: fløjt
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Maori: ngoio
 * Marathi: शिटी
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: fead
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: зви̏ждӯк
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

 * Burmese:
 * Italian: ,
 * Korean:
 * Telugu: ,

Etymology 2
From, from , , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To make a shrill, high-pitched sound by forcing air through the mouth. To produce a whistling sound, restrictions to the flow of air are created using the teeth, tongue and lips.
 * 2)  To make a similar sound by forcing air through a musical instrument or a pipe etc.
 * 3)  To move in such a way as to create a whistling sound.
 * 4)  To send, signal, or call by a whistle.
 * 5)  To request admission to Opus Dei,  a Roman Catholic organization.
 * 1)  To move in such a way as to create a whistling sound.
 * 2)  To send, signal, or call by a whistle.
 * 3)  To request admission to Opus Dei,  a Roman Catholic organization.
 * 1)  To send, signal, or call by a whistle.
 * 2)  To request admission to Opus Dei,  a Roman Catholic organization.

Translations

 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic: ,
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: shuir, fluir
 * Assamese: সুহুৰিয়া, উকিয়া
 * Asturian: xiblar
 * Azerbaijani: fit çalmaq, fışdırıq çalmaq
 * Bashkir: һыҙғырыу
 * Basque: txistu egin
 * Belarusian: свіста́ць
 * Bengali: সিটি মারা, সিটি বাজান
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏩᏒᎭᏍᎦ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 吹口哨
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Chuukese: ouwa
 * Cornish: hwibana
 * Crimean Tatar: sızğırmaq
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: sublar
 * Danish:, hvisle
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: vilistama
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: šivîlâ
 * Galician:, pitar, chifrar
 * Georgian: სტვენა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: συρίζω
 * Gujarati:
 * Hawaiian: hōkio
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: सीटी देना
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: viheltää
 * Interlingua: sibilar
 * Irish: lig fead, bí ag feadaíl
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 口笛を吹く
 * Kabuverdianu: zibia
 * Kazakh: ысқыру
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 휘파람-을 불다
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຖິວ, ຖິວປາກ, ຜິວ
 * Latin: sībilō
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: švilpti
 * Luxembourgish: päifen
 * Macedonian: свири, свирка
 * Malay: siul, bersiul
 * Maltese: saffar
 * Maori: whio, rorowhio
 * Marathi: शिटी मारणे, शिटी वाजवणे
 * Mongolian:
 * Nepali: सुसेल्नु, सिटी बजाउनु
 * Norman: sûfflier
 * Norwegian: plystre
 * Occitan: ,
 * Old English: hwistlian
 * Persian:
 * Pitjantjatjara: utinmananyi
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:,  ,
 * Quechua: huywiy
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: tschivlar, schular, tgular, schivlar, tschüvler, tschüblar
 * Russian: ,
 * Samoan: mapu
 * Scottish Gaelic: dèan fead, fead
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: звиждати
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak: pískať
 * Slovene: zvižgati
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: ҳуштак кашидан
 * Telugu: ఈలవేయు
 * Tetum: fu'i
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ཤུ་བརྒྱབ, ཤུ་རྒྱག
 * Tongan: mapu
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: sygyrmak, çyrryldamak
 * Ugaritic: 𐎕𐎔𐎗
 * Ukrainian:, сюрча́ти
 * Uyghur: ئۈشتەك چالماق, غوڭۇلدىماق
 * Uzbek: hushtak chalmoq
 * Vietnamese:, huýt sáo,
 * Vilamovian: wyspułn
 * Welsh:
 * White Hmong:
 * Záparo: uníninu

 * Breton:
 * Danish: hvisle
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Telugu:

title: whistle


text:
though

Etymology
From, , from , later superseded in many dialects by , , from (later ); both from , from , suffixed with  <.

Akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at that.

Adverb

 * 1)  Despite that; however.
 * 2)  ; indeed.
 * 1)  ; indeed.
 * 1)  ; indeed.

Synonyms

 * ,, , , , , , , ; see also Thesaurus:nevertheless

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, , malgrat això, malgrat tot
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: მაინც
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:, παρά ταύτα,
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Indonesian: bagaimanapun juga
 * Interlingua: benque,, non obstante
 * Italian:, , in ogni caso, ad ogni modo
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Luo: kata kamano
 * Malay: walau bagaimana
 * Navajo: ndi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: do
 * Occitan:, ni per tot, ça que la, ,
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, , bez względu na to
 * Portuguese: no entanto, ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scots: tho
 * Scottish Gaelic: ge-tà
 * Spanish:, de todas formas,
 * Swahili: ijapokuwahata hivyo
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: тим не менш
 * Urdu: گرچہ
 * Volapük: do
 * Walloon:
 * Zazaki: bo zi

Conjunction

 * 1) Despite the fact that; although.
 * 2)  If, that, even if.
 * 3) * 1945,, “You’ll Never Walk Alone” (song), in Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Carousel (musical)
 * Walk on through the wind, / Walk on through the rain, / Though your dreams be tossed and blown.
 * 1) * 1945,, “You’ll Never Walk Alone” (song), in Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Carousel (musical)
 * Walk on through the wind, / Walk on through the rain, / Though your dreams be tossed and blown.
 * 1) * 1945,, “You’ll Never Walk Alone” (song), in Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Carousel (musical)
 * Walk on through the wind, / Walk on through the rain, / Though your dreams be tossed and blown.

Usage notes

 * This sense is now archaic, except in the fixed expression meaning.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:even though

Translations

 * Arabic: رَغْم أَنّ
 * Bulgarian: макар че
 * Catalan:, malgrat tot, tot i, tot i que,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, vaikkakaan
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: έστω και αν,, ,
 * Hungarian:, , , ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish: cé go
 * Italian: anche se
 * Japanese:, だけれども, だけど
 * Malay:
 * Navajo: ndi
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: de,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , несмотря́ на то́, что
 * Slovak: hoci
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: хоча́, незважа́ючи на те, що
 * Zazaki: velev

title: though


text:
thing

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The word originally meant "assembly", then came to mean a specific issue discussed at such an assembly, and ultimately came to mean most broadly "an object". Compare, also meaning "legal matter", and same transition from to "thing" in Romance languages. Modern use to refer to a Germanic assembly is likely influenced by cognates (from the same Proto-Germanic root) like 🇨🇬,, , and 🇨🇬 with this meaning.

Noun

 * 1) That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.
 * 2) A word, symbol, sign, or other referent that can be used to refer to any entity.
 * 3) An individual object or distinct entity.
 * 4) Whatever can be owned.
 * 5) Corporeal object.
 * 6)  Possessions or equipment; stuff; gear.
 * 7)  The latest fad or fashion.
 * 8) * 1802, Anne Ormsby, "Memoirs of a Family in Swisserland", quoted in The Monthly Review, Or, Literary Journal page 45:
 * To go to bed late, to rise late, to breakfast late, to dine late, and to visit late, is to be “quite the thing,” or in good English, which you may understand better than the first phrase, to be in the fashion.
 * 1)  A custom or practice.
 * 2)   A genuine concept, entity or phenomenon; something that actually exists (often contrary to expectation or belief).
 * 3)  A unit or container, usually containing consumable goods.
 * 4)  A problem, dilemma, or complicating factor; the crux.
 * 5)  The central point; the crux.
 * 6)  A penis.
 * 7) A living being or creature.
 * 8) * 1914, Eugene Gladstone O'Neill, The Movie Man [playscript]:
 * Don’t forget to have Gomez postpone that shooting thing.
 * 1)  That which is favoured; personal preference.
 * 2) * 2002, et al, "Never Leave Me",  (TV episode):
 * 3) * 2006,, interview with  magazine:
 * 4)  One's typical routine, habits, or manner.
 * 5) * 2006,, Catching the Big Fish, Tarcher 2006, "Darkness", p. 91:
 * But I'm just a guy from Missoula, Montana, doing my thing, going down the road like everybody else.
 * 1)  A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.
 * 2) * 1974, Jakob Benediktsson, Landnám og upphaf allsherjarríkis, in Saga Íslands, quoted in 1988 by Jesse L. Byock in Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, page 85:
 * The goðar seem both to have received payment of thing-fararkaup from those who stayed home and at the same time compensated those who went to the thing, and it cannot be seen whether they had any profit from these transactions.
 * 1)  A romantic relationship.
 * 2)  A romantic couple.
 * 3)  Alternative form of ting.
 * 4)  Girl; attractive woman.
 * 1)  A penis.
 * 2) A living being or creature.
 * 3) * 1914, Eugene Gladstone O'Neill, The Movie Man [playscript]:
 * Don’t forget to have Gomez postpone that shooting thing.
 * 1)  That which is favoured; personal preference.
 * 2) * 2002, et al, "Never Leave Me",  (TV episode):
 * 3) * 2006,, interview with  magazine:
 * 4)  One's typical routine, habits, or manner.
 * 5) * 2006,, Catching the Big Fish, Tarcher 2006, "Darkness", p. 91:
 * But I'm just a guy from Missoula, Montana, doing my thing, going down the road like everybody else.
 * 1)  A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.
 * 2) * 1974, Jakob Benediktsson, Landnám og upphaf allsherjarríkis, in Saga Íslands, quoted in 1988 by Jesse L. Byock in Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, page 85:
 * The goðar seem both to have received payment of thing-fararkaup from those who stayed home and at the same time compensated those who went to the thing, and it cannot be seen whether they had any profit from these transactions.
 * 1)  A romantic relationship.
 * 2)  A romantic couple.
 * 3)  Alternative form of ting.
 * 4)  Girl; attractive woman.
 * 1)  One's typical routine, habits, or manner.
 * 2) * 2006,, Catching the Big Fish, Tarcher 2006, "Darkness", p. 91:
 * But I'm just a guy from Missoula, Montana, doing my thing, going down the road like everybody else.
 * 1)  A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.
 * 2) * 1974, Jakob Benediktsson, Landnám og upphaf allsherjarríkis, in Saga Íslands, quoted in 1988 by Jesse L. Byock in Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, page 85:
 * The goðar seem both to have received payment of thing-fararkaup from those who stayed home and at the same time compensated those who went to the thing, and it cannot be seen whether they had any profit from these transactions.
 * 1)  A romantic relationship.
 * 2)  A romantic couple.
 * 3)  Alternative form of ting.
 * 4)  Girl; attractive woman.
 * 1)  A romantic relationship.
 * 2)  A romantic couple.
 * 3)  Alternative form of ting.
 * 4)  Girl; attractive woman.
 * 1)  Alternative form of ting.
 * 2)  Girl; attractive woman.

Synonyms

 * , (uncountable equivalent),  (Ireland)
 * see Thesaurus:penis
 * see Thesaurus:predilection

Related terms

 * diminutives: thingy / thingie, thingo [Aus]

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Amharic:
 * Aromanian:
 * Avar:
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Georgian:, ,
 * Haitian Creole:
 * Hawaiian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:, ,
 * Inuktitut:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Lao:, ,
 * Luhya:
 * Maltese:
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Occitan:
 * Punjabi:
 * Romanian:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Southern Amami Ōshima:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Tigrinya:
 * Turkish:
 * Volapük:
 * Yiddish: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To express as a thing; to reify.

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) firewood

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) thing

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) tree
 * 2) wood
 * 3) firewood

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) thing, object
 * 2) case, matter, issue

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * , object
 * 1) matter, case

title: thing


text:
simple

Etymology
From, , from and , from  (as opposed to ), from  +. See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.

Partially displaced native English.

Adjective

 * 1) Uncomplicated; lacking complexity; taken by itself, with nothing added.
 * 2) Easy; not difficult.
 * 3) Without ornamentation; plain.
 * 4) Free from duplicity; guileless, innocent, straightforward.
 * 5) Undistinguished in social condition; of no special rank.
 * 6)  Trivial; insignificant.
 * 7)  Feeble-minded; foolish.
 * 8)  Structurally uncomplicated.
 * 9)  Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.
 * 10)  Of a group: having no normal subgroup.
 * 11)  Not compound, but possibly lobed.
 * 12) Using steam only once in its cylinders, in contrast to a compound engine, where steam is used more than once in high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders.
 * 13)  Consisting of a single individual or zooid; not compound.
 * 14)  Homogenous.
 * 15)  Mere; not other than; being only.
 * 1)  Feeble-minded; foolish.
 * 2)  Structurally uncomplicated.
 * 3)  Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.
 * 4)  Of a group: having no normal subgroup.
 * 5)  Not compound, but possibly lobed.
 * 6) Using steam only once in its cylinders, in contrast to a compound engine, where steam is used more than once in high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders.
 * 7)  Consisting of a single individual or zooid; not compound.
 * 8)  Homogenous.
 * 9)  Mere; not other than; being only.
 * 1)  Homogenous.
 * 2)  Mere; not other than; being only.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:easy and Thesaurus:bare-bones
 * See also Thesaurus:easy and Thesaurus:bare-bones
 * See also Thesaurus:easy and Thesaurus:bare-bones

Translations

 * Afrikaans: eenvoudig
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: ,
 * Egyptian Arabic: بسيط
 * Hijazi Arabic: بَسِيط,
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Assamese: সৰল, সহজ
 * Asturian: ,
 * Aymara:
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Bashkir: ябай
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: ,
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cherokee:
 * Chichewa:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Cornish: sempel
 * Corsican:
 * Czech:, ,
 * Danish:, simpel
 * Dhivehi:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe:
 * Extremaduran:
 * Faroese: einfaldur
 * Finnish: ;, selko-
 * French:
 * Friulian:
 * Galician:, sinxelo
 * Georgian: მარტივი, უბრალო, სადა, იოლი
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἁπλόος, λιτός
 * Gujarati:
 * Haitian Creole: senp
 * Hausa:
 * Hawaiian: maʻalahi
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, easy
 * Hungarian:
 * Hunsrik: eenfach
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Igbo:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Interlingua: simple, simplice
 * Irish: simplí
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: mayan, masaguli, karaniuan, simpli, marimut
 * Kazakh:, жеңіл
 * Khmer: មិនពិបាក
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ,
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Ladino: kolay, sempl, sémpliche
 * Lao: ງ່າຍ
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: prasts, vienkāršs
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luganda:
 * Luxembourgish: einfach, liicht
 * Macedonian: едно́ставен, прост, ле́сен
 * Malay: mudah
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: sempliċi
 * Manx: oney, macaintagh, neuchialgagh
 * Maori: waingōhia
 * Marathi: सरळ
 * Mirandese: lhano
 * Mongolian:
 * Nepali: साधा, सरल, साधारण
 * Norman: sîmpl'ye
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ସରଳ
 * Old English: ānfeald
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: eefach
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: سادہ,
 * Rajasthani:
 * Romanian:, necomplicat
 * Romansch: simpel, sempel
 * Russian: ,
 * Scots:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sìmplidh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: је̏дноста̄ван, лак
 * Roman: ,
 * Sicilian:, , ,
 * Silesian: ajnfachowy
 * Sindhi:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak: jednoduchý, prostý, ľahký
 * Slovene: preprost, enostaven,
 * Somali:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: ; payak; yano; liso
 * Tajik:
 * Tamil:, , எளிமையான
 * Tatar: гади, беркатлы
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: sada, ýönekeý
 * Ukrainian:, ле́гкий
 * Urdu:
 * Uyghur:
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:, , ,
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian:
 * Wolof:
 * Xhosa:
 * Yiddish: פּשוט
 * Yoruba: rọrun
 * Zazaki: gerges
 * Zulu:

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: simplanima
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐήθης, ἁπλόος
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: saonta, macánta, gan chealg
 * Manx: meecheeallagh, neuchreeney, giare-cheeayllagh
 * Marathi: भोळा
 * Nepali: सीधा
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: baoth
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: простодушан
 * Roman:
 * Swedish:
 * Yiddish: תּמעוואַטע, הינטערנאויוונדיק, נאַרישעוואַטע

Noun

 * 1)  A herbal preparation made from one plant, as opposed to something made from more than one plant.
 * 2)  A physician.
 * 3)  A simple or atomic proposition.
 * 4)  Something not mixed or compounded.
 * 5)  A drawloom.
 * 6)  Part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.
 * 7)  A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.
 * 1)  Something not mixed or compounded.
 * 2)  A drawloom.
 * 3)  Part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.
 * 4)  A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.
 * 1)  A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.

Translations

 * French:
 * Spanish:

Verb

 * 1)  To gather simples, i.e. medicinal herbs.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1)  uncomplicated

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) simple uncomplicated
 * 2) single not divided into parts
 * 1) single not divided into parts

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) simply

Etymology
, borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) single (multiplier)
 * 2) one-way
 * 3) mere
 * 1) one-way
 * 2) mere
 * 1) one-way
 * 2) mere
 * 1) mere

Usage notes
The second and third meanings are taken when the adjective is placed after the noun. The fourth meaning is taken when it is located before the noun.

Noun

 * 1) one-way ticket
 * 2)  single

Etymology
. Displaced 🇨🇬.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) innocent
 * 2) mere;
 * 3) honest; without pretense
 * 4) peasant, pauper (attributive)

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  mere, ordinary
 * , single
 * 1) simple-minded, stupid
 * 2) insipid, flavorless
 * , single
 * 1) simple-minded, stupid
 * 2) insipid, flavorless
 * 1) simple-minded, stupid
 * 2) insipid, flavorless
 * 1) insipid, flavorless

Usage notes

 * A way to think of the difference between simple and, which both mean "simple" in English, is that the antonym of simple is , whereas the antonym of sencillo is.

Noun

 * 1) simpleton, fool

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) ; easy to do
 * 2) common; ordinary
 * 3) easy to understand
 * 4) ; plain
 * 1) common; ordinary
 * 2) easy to understand
 * 3) ; plain
 * 1) ; plain

title: simple


text:
User talk:T42

Moi. Privet. I think it's just silly of this software that we can't have "list articles that don't have Finnish in them". We just have to wait untill the Wikimedia folks install MySQL 4.0 so it can do full-text queries, because the software developers always like to pretend to be busy. With full-text queries this feature would be trivial to implement.

Mä puuhailen näitä wiktionary käännöksiä niinku rentoutumis mielessä. on mukavaa kun voi saada jotain konkreettista aikaiseksi parissakymmenessä sekuntissa :) --Juxo 11:25 Jun 28, 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:T42


text:
User talk:Jukeboksi

Hello.

Thanks, for the tips for wiktionary editing :-) I am working on several projects, so I have not much time to work in consumerium. Among my projects : expanding Economy_of_Japan, so I am adding words about economics.

Have fun. See you later.

youssef 12:48 Jun 28, 2003 (UTC)

PS: There is an article about consumerium in the French Wikipedia : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/consumerium

Hi Juxo,

Concerning your crawler bot to check translations. I think it is a valid idea for checking the validity of the translations. It should not however start linking across Wiktionaries in those translation sections. Each word/expression/lemma has its counterpart with exactly the same spelling on the other Wiktionaries. So you look for dog on Wiktionary EN and click on to perro. You arrive at the page for perro, where this Spanish word is described in English. If you want to see a description in Spanish, you click on the interwiktionary link to Wiktionario ES. Maybe translations into Catalan or Basque can be found there that weren't present in the English version of Wiktionary, maybe not. This simplifies the notion of interwiktionary links enormously, whereas translations can still be found under the translations section. It is necessary to do it this way because most words don't have one on one mappings with words in other languages. Also, creating bots is something that isn't urgent. First the different Wiktionaries have to decide on the format they are going to use and generally take their time to get started. What I am planning to do is to create a semi-automatic bot (i.e. it's still interactive, so maybe it doesn't qualify as a bot) to translate entries from the English Wiktionary into Dutch. I will wait with this until a critical mass of contributors exists on Wiktionary NL though and until a decision is reached on the format we are going to use. I hope we are not going to float too far away from what is being used over here. New entries shouldn't come in at too high a pace though. They have to be scrutinized by the rest of the group. So, maybe five or ten entries a day inserted that way, will be the maximum that can be congested. (depending on the number of active contributors) Later on, I'm certainly planning to extend this idea to crawl Wiktionaries and see whether some Wiktionaries are missing translations or having a different number of definitions than others. Or maybe some Wiktionaries have a pronunciation section and others don't. For this kind of work I will have them work on locally downloaded versions of the database though. Before all this happens, I will first need some free time though... Anyway, I'm already getting my feet wet learning Python for the time being. Polyglot 12:51, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jukeboksi


text:
bubble

Etymology
Partly, also influenced by. Compare 🇨🇬 > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The word was first used in its economic sense in association with the collapse of the in 1720, based on the metaphor of an inflated soap bubble bursting.

Noun

 * 1) A spherically contained volume of air or other gas, especially one made from soapy liquid.
 * 2) A small spherical cavity in a solid material.
 * 3)  Anything resembling a hollow sphere.
 * 4)  Anything lacking firmness or solidity; a cheat or fraud; an empty project.
 * 5)  A period of intense speculation in a market, causing prices to rise quickly to irrational levels as the metaphorical bubble expands, and then fall even more quickly as the bubble bursts.
 * 6)  The emotional or physical atmosphere in which a subject is immersed.
 * 7) An officer's station in a prison dormitory, affording views on all sides.
 * 8)  Someone who has been ‘bubbled’ or fooled; a dupe.
 * 9) A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.
 * 10) The globule of air in the chamber of a spirit level.
 * 11)  A laugh.
 * 12)  A Greek.
 * 13)  Any of the small magnetized areas that make up bubble memory.
 * 14)  In a poker tournament, the point before which eliminated players receive no prize money and after which they do; the situation where all remaining players are guaranteed prize money (in this case, the players are said to have made the bubble); the situation where all remaining players will be guaranteed prize money after some small number of players are eliminated (in this case, the players are said to be on the bubble).
 * 15)  The cutoff point between qualifying, advancing or being invited to a tournament, or having one's competition end.
 * 16)  A quarantine environment containing multiple people and/or facilities isolated from the rest of society.
 * 17) The people who are in this quarantine.
 * 18)  A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.
 * 19)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.
 * 1) An officer's station in a prison dormitory, affording views on all sides.
 * 2)  Someone who has been ‘bubbled’ or fooled; a dupe.
 * 3) A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.
 * 4) The globule of air in the chamber of a spirit level.
 * 5)  A laugh.
 * 6)  A Greek.
 * 7)  Any of the small magnetized areas that make up bubble memory.
 * 8)  In a poker tournament, the point before which eliminated players receive no prize money and after which they do; the situation where all remaining players are guaranteed prize money (in this case, the players are said to have made the bubble); the situation where all remaining players will be guaranteed prize money after some small number of players are eliminated (in this case, the players are said to be on the bubble).
 * 9)  The cutoff point between qualifying, advancing or being invited to a tournament, or having one's competition end.
 * 10)  A quarantine environment containing multiple people and/or facilities isolated from the rest of society.
 * 11) The people who are in this quarantine.
 * 12)  A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.
 * 13)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.
 * 1)  Any of the small magnetized areas that make up bubble memory.
 * 2)  In a poker tournament, the point before which eliminated players receive no prize money and after which they do; the situation where all remaining players are guaranteed prize money (in this case, the players are said to have made the bubble); the situation where all remaining players will be guaranteed prize money after some small number of players are eliminated (in this case, the players are said to be on the bubble).
 * 3)  The cutoff point between qualifying, advancing or being invited to a tournament, or having one's competition end.
 * 4)  A quarantine environment containing multiple people and/or facilities isolated from the rest of society.
 * 5) The people who are in this quarantine.
 * 6)  A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.
 * 7)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.
 * 1) The people who are in this quarantine.
 * 2)  A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.
 * 3)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.
 * 1)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.
 * 1)  A specialized glass pipe having a sphere-shaped apparatus at one end.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:, borrel
 * Albanian: fllucka,
 * Amharic: አረፋ
 * Arabic: فُقَّاعَة
 * Egyptian Arabic: بقبيقة
 * Hijazi Arabic: فُقَّاعَة
 * Aragonese: bambolla
 * Armenian:
 * Assamese: বুৰবুৰণি
 * Asturian:, , bomba, pómpara
 * Aymara: pukulli
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: ҡыуыҡ
 * Basque: burbuila
 * Belarusian: бу́рбалка, пузы́р
 * Bengali: বুদ্বুদ
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: мехурче
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee:
 * Chichewa: nthibwinthibwi
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Corsican: bolla
 * Crimean Tatar: köpük
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: ބޮކި
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: bobelo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: bløðra
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: bùfule
 * Galician:, gurgulla
 * Georgian: ბუშტი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πομφόλυξ
 * Gujarati: બબલ
 * Hausa:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, , , ,,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: bulla
 * Irish: boilgeog, bolgán
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kannada:
 * Kazakh: көбік
 * Khmer: ពងទឹក
 * Komi-Permyak: боль
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بڵق
 * Northern Kurdish: billq
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຟອງ
 * Latin: bulla
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: bur̃bulas
 * Luxembourgish: Blos
 * Macedonian: меур
 * Malay: buih
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: mirumiru
 * Marathi: बुडबुडा
 * Mirandese: sarta
 * Mongolian: ,
 * Nepali: बबल
 * Occitan:, , bodenfla
 * Odia: ବୁଦ୍ ବୁଦ୍
 * Ossetian: къуыпсы, таппуз
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:, , غنچاب
 * Plautdietsch: Blos
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Punjabi: ਬੁਲਬੁਲਾ, ਭੂਪੜਾ dialectal
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Romansch: vaschia, scufla
 * Russian:
 * Rwanda-Rundi: ku-zīkuruka, gu-sebura
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sardinian: bùlla
 * Scots: blab
 * Scottish Gaelic: builgean
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: мјеху̀рић (Ijekavian), меху̀рић (Ekavian)
 * Roman: mjehùrić (Ijekavian), mehùrić (Ekavian)
 * Sicilian: bulla,
 * Sindhi: بدبدو
 * Sinhalese: බුබුළු
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Somali: xumbo
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: bula,
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: ལྦུ་བ
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: köpürjik
 * Ukrainian: пузи́р,
 * Urdu: بلا
 * Uyghur: ماغزاپ
 * Uzbek:
 * Venetian: bóła
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: bwrlwm, yswigen
 * Yiddish: בלאָז

 * Bulgarian: мехурче
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بڵق
 * Macedonian: меурче
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Telugu:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بڵق
 * Macedonian: меур
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Telugu:
 * Ukrainian:

 * Finnish:
 * French:

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 水膨れ
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:

 * Finnish:
 * French:

 * Finnish:

 * Bavarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Korean:
 * Lithuanian:

Verb

 * 1)  To produce bubbles, to rise up in bubbles (such as in foods cooking or liquids boiling).
 * 2)  To churn or foment, as if wishing to rise to the surface.
 * 3)  To rise through a medium or system, similar to the way that bubbles rise in liquid.
 * 4)  To cheat, delude.
 * 5)  To cry, weep.
 * 6)  To pat a baby on the back so as to cause it to belch.
 * 7)  To cause to feel as if bubbling or churning.
 * 8)  To express in a bubbly or lively manner.
 * 9)  To form into a protruding round shape.
 * 10)  To cover with bubbles.
 * 11)  To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).
 * 12)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 13)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 14)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To cause to feel as if bubbling or churning.
 * 2)  To express in a bubbly or lively manner.
 * 3)  To form into a protruding round shape.
 * 4)  To cover with bubbles.
 * 5)  To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).
 * 6)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 7)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 8)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To form into a protruding round shape.
 * 2)  To cover with bubbles.
 * 3)  To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).
 * 4)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 5)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 6)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To cover with bubbles.
 * 2)  To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).
 * 3)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 4)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 5)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).
 * 2)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 3)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 4)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To apply a filter bubble, as to search results.
 * 2)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 3)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).
 * 1)  To join together in a support bubble
 * 2)   To grass (report criminal activity to the authorities).

Translations

 * Afrikaans: borrel
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Esperanto: bobeli
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: παφλάζω, πομφολύζω
 * Hebrew: (pipua')
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer: បែកពពុះ
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: بڵق کردن, بڵقەبڵق کردن
 * Latin: bulliō
 * Latvian: burbuļot
 * Mirandese:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi:
 * Rajasthani:
 * Scottish Gaelic: builg
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tày: búng bính
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * ǃXóõ: tsàhã

title: bubble


text:
User:Aion~enwiktionary

June 28, 2003: I've just discovered both the Wikipedia and the Wiktionary and I'm very excited about them.

About me: I'm an architect in Los Angeles who frequently reads dictionaries for fun. I'm usually disappointed at the brevity of dictionary entries, and I'm hoping that one of the goals of the Wiktionary is to add a little more context to the entries.

I do hope that the capitalization thing can be changed - it reminds me of reading Winnie the Pooh.

I'm a little uncertain about the goal of the project, so I haven't jumped in with both feet. This is intended to be comprehensive, and not just a repository for unusual or difficult words, correct?

Is there a page with pronunciation key guidelines?

-Aion

title: User:Aion~enwiktionary


text:
User talk:Aion~enwiktionary

Welcome here. To sign, you can type three times ~ (four times = sign+date) -- youssef 06:54 Jun 29, 2003 (UTC)

Hello, Aion. I also read dictionaries for fun and I'm fairly new to Wiktionary. I agree on the 'capitalization thing'. I disagree that dictionary definitions should be longer. Longer articles should go in Wikipedia. It's easy to link from a Wiktionary definition to more information at Wikipedia. I can't help with pronunciation, because I can't read or write those things. There's a Pronunciation key. You might also want to look at the concise version of SAMPA for English sounds on Wikipedia, as well as the Wikipedia article on IPA. I can't make heads or tails of any of it. :-) Welcome.  Bluelion

Bluelion, two months ago those symbols seemed like hieroglyphs to me too. They had been intriguing me for quite some time already though. So I plunged in and learned what they stand for. Basically it comes down to learning a new alphabet. The nice thing about this alphabet is that every letter in it stands for exactly one sound/phoneme. I'm still learning and I am not sure whether the IPA transcriptions I put in are always entirely correct (English is not my native language either), so it would be nice if somebody else got interested in these IPA transcriptions as well to be able to check them. Polyglot 09:11 Jun 29, 2003 (UTC)

Here is an appendix I made for the IPA pronunciation keys:

 * IPA Examples

Feel free to expand or correct it.Polyglot 09:14 Jun 29, 2003 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Aion. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Aion~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:35, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:54, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aion~enwiktionary


text:
itself

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Pronoun

 * 1)  it;
 * The door closed by itself
 * 1)  it;
 * The door itself is quite heavy.
 * 1)  it;
 * 1)  it;

Translations

 * Arabic: نَفْسُهُ, نَفْسُهَا
 * Belarusian: сябе́, -цца
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:, , , sám sebe
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: von selbst, von allein,, sich selbst
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἑαυτό, ἑαυτῷ, ἑαυτοῦ
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Khakas: позы
 * Latin: /sēsē, sibi,
 * Mauritian Creole: limem
 * Navajo: tʼáá bí
 * Northern Sami: iežas
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, a si mesmo
 * Russian:, , сам себя́
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: se
 * Spanish:, , a si mismo, por si mismo
 * Tuvan: боду
 * Ukrainian: се́бе
 * Yakut: бэйэтэ

 * American Sign Language: A@Chesthigh SmallFrontandback
 * Arabic: نَفْسُهُ, نَفْسُهَا
 * Belarusian: яно́ само́
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:, , o sobě, sám o sobě, jako takový
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: αὐτό
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: se stesso, sé stesso
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: viņš pats, viņa pati
 * Northern Sami: ieš
 * Polish: ono samo
 * Portuguese: ele/ela mesmo, próprio/própria
 * Russian: оно́ само́
 * Slovak: ono samo
 * Spanish: sí mismo,
 * Ukrainian: воно́ само́, само́

 * Esperanto: ,
 * German:
 * Interlingua:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Mandarin:
 * Swedish:, ,  as in, "the door itself"

title: itself


text:
self

Etymology
From, , , from , , , from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1)  Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned).
 * This argument was put forward by the defendant self.
 * 1)  Myself.
 * I made out a cheque, payable to self, which cheered me up somewhat.
 * I made out a cheque, payable to self, which cheered me up somewhat.

Noun

 * 1) One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition.
 * 2) The subject of one's own experience of phenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts.
 * 3) An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves).
 * 4) Self-interest or personal advantage.
 * 5) Identity or personality.
 * 6)  A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural ).
 * 7)  A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.
 * 8)   Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).
 * 1) Self-interest or personal advantage.
 * 2) Identity or personality.
 * 3)  A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural ).
 * 4)  A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.
 * 5)   Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: نفس
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Baluchi: وت
 * Belarusian: сам
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 自己
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Wu: 自家
 * Crimean Tatar: özü
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hawaiian: ponoʻī
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, ख़ुद, , ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: féin
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese: dhéwé
 * Kazakh: өз
 * Khakas: пос
 * Korean:, 자기자신
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: خۆ
 * Laki: وِژ
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Southern Kurdish:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: ,
 * Macedonian: себство
 * Manchu: ᠪᡝᠶᡝ
 * Maori: whaiaro
 * Marathi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Nynorsk: sjølv
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese: si-próprio
 * Russian:, (genitive case, accusative case),  (dative case, prepositional case),  (instrumental case)
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: sebstvo
 * Southern Altai: ӧс
 * Spanish: yo, ser  ,
 * Swahili: enyewe
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sarili
 * Thai:, ตัวตน,
 * Tibetan: རང་ཉིད
 * Tocharian A: āñcäm
 * Tocharian B: āñme
 * Turkish: ,
 * Tuvan: бот
 * Ukrainian: сам
 * Urdu: خود
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian: sels
 * Yakut: бэйэ
 * Zazaki: ,

Verb

 * 1)  To fertilize by the same individual; to self-fertilize or self-pollinate.
 * 2)  To fertilize by the same strain; to inbreed.

Adjective

 * 1) Having its own or a single nature or character throughout, as in colour, composition, etc., without addition or change; of the same kind; unmixed.
 * 2)  Same, identical.
 * 3)  Belonging to oneself; own.
 * 4)  Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).
 * 1)  Belonging to oneself; own.
 * 2)  Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).
 * 1)  Belonging to oneself; own.
 * 2)  Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).
 * 1)  Belonging to oneself; own.
 * 2)  Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) loan

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) (the) (very/self) same, (the) aforementioned
 * 2) ; very
 * 3)  own

Pronoun

 * 1) themself, themselves;
 * 2) that, this

Noun

 * 1) (the) same thing, (the) aforementioned thing

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) ; oneself, personally
 * 2) * late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
 * "ang"

- Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.

 * 1) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies
 * "ang"

- Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.

Etymology
From.

title: self


text:
self-

Etymology
From, , , from , , , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Prefix

 * of, by, in or with oneself or itself
 * 1) automatic

Usage notes

 * Words derived from are usually formed with a hyphen. Using a hyphen is recommended by the U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual.

Translations

 * Bashkir: үҙ-
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:, své-
 * Finnish: itse-
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: თვით-, თავ-
 * German: selbst-,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: swa-
 * Irish: féin-
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Lithuanian: savi-
 * Malay:
 * Maori: kiriaro
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, себе-,
 * Scottish Gaelic: fèin-
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From pronoun.

Prefix

 * 1) self

title: self-


text:
one's self

Pronoun

 * One can teach one's self to do this.
 * One can teach one's self to do this.

Usage notes

 * For non-idiomatic uses see the determiner and the noun . For example:
 * Self-awareness is acknowledging the existence of one's self and one's being.

title: one's self


text:
oneself

Etymology
A contracted form of  (Mid-16th century). Equivalent to.

Pronoun

 * 1) A person's self: general form of, ,  or.

Usage notes
This pronoun can be used for emphasis or to make a verb reflexive.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 自己
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: un mesmo
 * German: ,
 * Hindi:, ख़ुद
 * Hungarian:, , saját maga
 * Japanese:, , ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: шке
 * Mauritian Creole: limem
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua: kiki
 * Russian:,  ,  ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: se
 * Spanish: sí mismo,
 * Swedish: sig själv,, en själv
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Urdu: خود
 * Vietnamese:

title: oneself