text:
空

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From. is probably the endoactive derivation of. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (STEDT).

Definitions

 * 1) empty; hollow; void
 * 2) exhausted; emptied
 * 3) open; spacious; vast
 * 4) quiet and still; secluded
 * 5) lacking substance; fictitious; fabricated
 * 6)  hungry
 * 7) air; sky; atmosphere
 * 8) space; outer space; cosmos; universe
 * 9)  sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
 * 10)  emptiness and quiet
 * 11) in vain; for nothing
 * 12) only (left, remain, etc.)
 * 13) to exhaust
 * 14) to miss the target
 * 15)  hole; cavity
 * 1)  sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
 * 2)  emptiness and quiet
 * 3) in vain; for nothing
 * 4) only (left, remain, etc.)
 * 5) to exhaust
 * 6) to miss the target
 * 7)  hole; cavity
 * 1) to miss the target
 * 2)  hole; cavity

Synonyms

Definitions

 * 1) to make empty; to impoverish
 * 2) to leave empty; to leave blank
 * 3) vacant; unoccupied; available
 * 4) spare time; free time; leisure
 * 5) empty space; room
 * 6)  gap; interval; break
 * 7) chance; opportunity
 * 8)  zero
 * 1) empty space; room
 * 2)  gap; interval; break
 * 3) chance; opportunity
 * 4)  zero
 * 1) chance; opportunity
 * 2)  zero
 * 1)  zero

Synonyms

Etymology 1
→ * →

From, presumably from.

Found in the  c. 712.

Noun

 * 1) the sky

Etymology 2
Cognate with.

Prefix

 * 1) something empty
 * 2) ineffectual
 * 3) false
 * 1) false
 * 1) false

Etymology 3
From.

The Buddhist senses are a translation of.

Noun

 * 1) empty air
 * 2) meaninglessness
 * 3)  sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
 * 4)  void: one of the  and the highest of the five elements

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Borrowed from (or more exactly, an earlier form of it).

As remarked by Igarashi (2022), the inherited meaning of this term in Ryukyuan languages is not "sky", but "treetop".

Noun

 * 1)  the sky, heavens

title: 空


text:
底

Derived characters

 * 掋, 鯳, 菧

Glyph origin
– the bottom or base, foundation of a building. Note that 氐 is a figure bowing or stooping, hence connotation of “down”.

Etymology 1
Cognate with,.

Definitions

 * 1) bottom; underneath; underside
 * 2) ground; background
 * 3) ins and outs; actual situation
 * 4) master copy
 * 5)  copy kept as a record
 * 6) end (of a year or month)
 * 7) remnants; remains; leftovers
 * 8)  inside
 * 9)  base (of triangle, logarithm, etc.)
 * 10)  staple food as the base of a meal
 * 11)  tendency in one's personality; leaning
 * 12)  physique; constitution
 * 13)  ground; foundation
 * 14)  background ; criminal record
 * 15)  underpants (short for )
 * 1)  tendency in one's personality; leaning
 * 2)  physique; constitution
 * 3)  ground; foundation
 * 4)  background ; criminal record
 * 5)  underpants (short for )
 * 1)  physique; constitution
 * 2)  ground; foundation
 * 3)  background ; criminal record
 * 4)  underpants (short for )
 * 1)  background ; criminal record
 * 2)  underpants (short for )
 * 1)  underpants (short for )

Etymology 3
From, probably a clipping or influenced by.

Definitions

 * 1)  which; what

Noun

 * 1) the bottom

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) base of a logarithm

Han character

 * 1) to place

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 底


text:
送信

Verb

 * 1) to send word
 * 2) to deliver a letter

Noun

 * 1) transmission

Verb

 * 1) to transmit

title: 送信


text:
倉庫

Noun

 * 1) warehouse; storehouse
 * 2)  repository

Noun

 * 1) warehouse

Derived terms

 * : warehouse company
 * : warehouseman
 * : warehouse business

title: 倉庫


text:
象牙

Noun

 * 1) elephant tusk
 * 2) ivory

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) ivory

title: 象牙


text:
相関

Noun

 * 1) correlation

Verb

 * 1) to be correlated

title: 相関


text:
爽快

Adjective

 * 1) refreshed
 * 2) frank; open; straightforward
 * 3)  happy; comfortable; relaxing

Synonyms

Adverb

 * 1) readily

Adjective

 * 1) refreshing

Noun

 * 1) refreshment

title: 爽快


text:
象

Alternative forms

 * In, Japanese and Korean , the middle component of 象 is written  followed by.
 * In and Vietnamese, the middle component of 象 is written  overlapped by a downward  slash and is one stroke less compared to the traditional form.

Glyph origin
- pictographic representation of an elephant. represents the trunk, represents the head, and  represents the body.

Etymology 1
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi : “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象.”

Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.

As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. ) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象 should be compared with 🇨🇬, arising from a common, which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin. The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to.

See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

Definitions

 * 1) elephant
 * 2) ivory; tusk
 * 3)  elephant (on the black side)
 * 4)  bishop
 * 5) symbol; emblem
 * 6) appearance; shape; phenomenon
 * 7)  complexion
 * 8) image; picture; portrait
 * 9) sign; indication
 * 10)  law; legislation
 * 11)  principle
 * 12)  calendar
 * 13)  to imitate; to follow the example of
 * 14)  to trace; to outline; to depict
 * 15) to resemble
 * 16)  government official that translates southern languages
 * 17)   Xiang, a commandery of Han China
 * 1) image; picture; portrait
 * 2) sign; indication
 * 3)  law; legislation
 * 4)  principle
 * 5)  calendar
 * 6)  to imitate; to follow the example of
 * 7)  to trace; to outline; to depict
 * 8) to resemble
 * 9)  government official that translates southern languages
 * 10)   Xiang, a commandery of Han China
 * 1)  to trace; to outline; to depict
 * 2) to resemble
 * 3)  government official that translates southern languages
 * 4)   Xiang, a commandery of Han China
 * 1)   Xiang, a commandery of Han China

Synonyms

Descendants
Others:
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")
 * → Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")

Usage notes

 * 象 was the official simplified form of only until 1986.

Etymology 1

→ →

From. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading zoeng6.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) elephant

Derived terms

 * : Asian elephant
 * : African elephant
 * : Indian elephant
 * , : inlay
 * : ivory
 * : ivory tower

Etymology 2
→ →  →

From. Compare modern 🇨🇬 reading siōng or 🇨🇬 xiàng.

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) likeness, appearance

Derived terms

 * : hieroglyphics
 * : symbol
 * : abstraction

Etymology 3
From. Cognate with, from the way that ivory also has a grain.

Noun

 * 1)  elephant

Etymology
From.

Han character

 * 1) (in compounds) elephant
 * 2) a xiangqi piece which represents an elephant
 * 3) shape; scene

title: 象


text:
添う

Verb

 * 1) to accompany
 * 2) to live up to

title: 添う


text:
層

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
The reconstruction suggests this word is derived from, in turn derived from.

Definitions

 * 1) to pile up; to overlap
 * 2) thing made of layers
 * 3) layer; storey; floor; stratum

Descendants
Others:

Kanji

 * 1) layer, level

title: 層


text: そうかい

title: そうかい


text: そうこ

title: そうこ


text:
benzyl

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The univalent radical C6H5-CH2- related to toluene and benzoic acid

Translations

 * Arabic: بَنْزِيل
 * Catalan: benzil
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 苄, 苄基
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish: bentsyyli
 * Hebrew: בנזיל
 * Hindi: धूपल
 * Hungarian: benzil
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ベンジル基
 * Korean: 벤질기
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: benzilo
 * Punjabi: ਬੈਨਜ਼ਾਈਲ
 * Spanish: bencilo

Etymology
or.

title: benzyl


text:
bepaint

Verb

 * 1)  To paint; to cover or color with, or as with, paint.

title: bepaint


text:
inflection

Etymology
From older, borrowed from , itself borrowed from. The English spelling with ⟨ct⟩ is due to influence from or related words like.

Noun

 * 1)  A change in the form of a word (morphologic change) to express different grammatical categories.
 * 2)  An instance of such change.
 * 3)  An  representing such an instance.
 * 4)  Any form produced by such an instance of a change, such as the principal parts for any given stem: any of the declined or conjugated forms that constitute its declension or conjugation.
 * 5) A change in pitch or tone of voice.
 * 6)  A change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave.
 * 7) A turning away from a straight course.
 * 8)  Diffraction.
 * 1) A change in pitch or tone of voice.
 * 2)  A change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave.
 * 3) A turning away from a straight course.
 * 4)  Diffraction.
 * 1)  Diffraction.
 * 1)  Diffraction.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: килеш менән үҙгәреү
 * Bulgarian: склоне́ние
 * Catalan: flexió
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 詞形變化, 曲折變化
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ფლექსია, მიმოხრა, მოღუნვა
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Classical: κλίσις, κίνημα, κίνησις
 * Modern:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 語形変化
 * Korean:, 어형변화(語形變化)
 * Latin: flexio,
 * Latvian: locīšana
 * Malagasy: fihilan-teny
 * Manx: yn-filley
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: bøyning,
 * Nynorsk: bøying
 * Old English: ġebīeġednes
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:,  , , измене́ние фо́рмы сло́ва
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovak: ohýbanie
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sabaylo
 * Tajik:
 * Ukrainian: словозмі́на

 * Bulgarian: модулация
 * Catalan: inflexió
 * Danish:
 * Finnish: äänenkorkeuden muutos, äänensävyn muutos
 * German:
 * Icelandic: raddblær
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Mongolian: ялгаллахуй
 * Polish: modulacja
 * Portuguese:, entonação
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian:, зміна інтонації

 * Finnish:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Manx: aachassey
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: перегин

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: afvigelse
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: suunnanmuutos
 * French:
 * Manx: lhoobey
 * Old English: ġebīeġednes
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:

 * Danish: vendepunkt
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Spanish:
 * Welsh:

title: inflection


text:
inflected

Adjective

 * 1) Deviating from a straight line.
 * 2)  Changed in form to reflect function (referring to a word).
 * 3)  Having inflected word forms; fusional.
 * (An inflected language is one in which words change form when their function changes.)
 * 1)  bent or curved inward or downward

Derived terms

 * noninflected

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Tajik: оҳанганд

 * French:
 * Hungarian:, flexiós, ,
 * Russian:

title: inflected


text: せん

title: せん


text:
戦

Glyph origin
Japanese shinjitai,.

Etymology 1
Shift in meaning from, by extension of “archery”, and then to “an exchange of arrows → a battle”.

Noun

 * 1)  a battle, conflict, fight, war

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) a battle, conflict, fight, war
 * 2) a game, match
 * 3) a competition, contest
 * 4) a shiver, shudder, tremble

Suffix

 * 1)  match, competition, contest

Affix

 * 1) battle, conflict, fight, war
 * 2) shivering, shuddering, trembling

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Shift in meaning from, by extension of “archery”, and then to “an exchange of arrows → a battle”.

Pronunciation

 * い ( - [0])

Noun

 * 1) a battle, combat, conflict, war

title: 戦


text:
し

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 3
Cognate with demonstrative pronoun.

Pronoun

 * 1) third person personal pronoun; he, she, it
 * 2) reflexive pronoun; one, oneself
 * 3) * c. 935: (day 24)
 * 4) * c. late 10th century: (Volume 1)
 * 1) reflexive pronoun; one, oneself
 * 2) * c. 935: (day 24)
 * 3) * c. late 10th century: (Volume 1)
 * 1) * c. late 10th century: (Volume 1)
 * 1) * c. late 10th century: (Volume 1)

Etymology 4
Various Chinese loanwords.

Etymology 6
From. Not productive in modern usage.

Usage notes

 * In Classical and Old Japanese, this is the terminal ending for both adjectives (those ending in  in modern usage, such as ) and  adjectives (those ending in  in modern usage, such as ).
 * Meanwhile, in modern Japanese, the terminal ending and adnominal ending both manifest as.
 * Examples:
 * {| class="wikitable"

! Classical Terminal !! Classical Adnominal !! Modern Terminal / Adnominal

 * }

 * Many Japanese adjectives were formed by appending this suffix to nouns, for example makes Classical.

title: し


text:
士

Derived characters

 * Appendix:Chinese radical/士

Glyph origin
– axe-like tool; soldier.

Etymology 1

 * "bachelor, man, male"
 * Reminiscent of Austroasiatic synonyms like 🇨🇬 or MK words for "man, male" like *ʔŋsiil, *ensir, *kəsəy on the Malay Peninsula; noted that foreign *-r sometimes left traces in OC initial complex. These relations, if, valid, would keep 士1 "bachelor, man, male" distinct from 士2 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar".

 * "take or give an office, serve", "servant", "retainer", "officer", "scholar"
 * noted that one could naturally assume the semantic development "male > man > servant > to serve" in order to posit that 士1 "bachelor, man, male" is the same word as 士2 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar". Yet, the exopassive derivation "assignment, affair, thing" and Tibeto-Burman counterparts demonstrated no association with "man, maleness"; & "male" hardly derives from "to serve".
 * Therefore, Schuessler derived these forms from "envoy, jail official, matchmaker" & proposed ultimate  origins. In terms of phonology, MC *dʐ- normally does not occur with *l- and *ʂ in an ST word-family, apparently confirming a non-ST provenance; however, MC *dʐ- here could go back to OC *s-r- (unlike MC *ʂ-, which is from OC *sr)
 * Subsequenly, Schuessler posited either relation to Austroasiatic or OC loan into Tibeto-Burman as 🇨🇬, whence 🇨🇬 & 🇨🇬 . Even so, Tibeto-Burman cognates of this etymon and are difficult to distinguish.

Definitions

 * 1)  unmarried male; bachelor
 * 2)   man
 * 3)  general; high-ranking military officer
 * 4)  soldier; noncommissioned officer
 * 5)   civil servant appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance
 * 6)   I; subject
 * 7)  a social stratum in ancient China
 * 8) scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
 * 9)   commendable person
 * 10)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  a social stratum in ancient China
 * 2) scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
 * 3)   commendable person
 * 4)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1) scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
 * 2)   commendable person
 * 3)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)   commendable person
 * 2)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
 * 1)  adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)

Usage notes

 * 士 is commonly used to render the sound (not followed by a vowel) in foreign names, e.g., , which is from Cantonese usage.

Compounds

 * : knight
 * : officers and soldiers, soldiers
 * : soldier, warrior
 * : doctor (degree)
 * : a graduate (from a university)
 * : a graduate (from a university)
 * : a graduate (from a university)

Noun

 * 1) samurai, warrior

Suffix

 * 1) person with a certain qualification.

Etymology
From.

title: 士


text:
せんし

Adjective

 * 1)  selfish, capricious

Noun

 * 1)  thoughts about many different things; thinking about many different things
 * 2)  prehistory
 * 3)  a teacher or master who has died; a learned person of a past age
 * 4)  reception by means of an imperial edict
 * 5)  a special envoy
 * 6)  selfishness, caprice
 * 7)  involvement in something, connection or relation to something
 * 8)  centesis, the insertion of a needle into the body to extract a sample
 * 9)  a clot, a plug
 * 10)  pruning, the trimming of branches from a tree or bush
 * 11)  decorative paper cutting
 * 12)  a soldier, a combatant, a warrior
 * 13)  the history of war
 * 14)  contemplation on something
 * 15)  contempt, scorn
 * 16)  someone who has been chosen, a select person
 * 17)  movement
 * 18)  a look, a watch ; a look in one's eye

Verb

 * 1)  to receive by means of an imperial edict
 * 2)  to get involved in something, to become connected or related to something
 * 3)  to perform centesis, to insert a needle into the body to extract a sample
 * 4)  to prune, to trim branches from a tree or bush
 * 5)  to cut paper decoratively
 * 6)  to contemplate on something
 * 7)  to scorn or despise something, to hold something in contempt
 * 8)  to move
 * 9)  to look, to watch

Noun

 * 1)  decorative paper cutting
 * 2)  death in war or battle

Verb

 * 1)  to cut paper decoratively
 * 2)  to die in war or battle

title: せんし


text:
戦士

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a soldier, a combatant, a warrior

title: 戦士


text:
spell

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , from or from  with the s-mobile prefix. Cognate with dialectal 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Words or a formula supposed to have magical powers.
 * 2) A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula.
 * 3)  Speech, discourse.
 * 1) A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula.
 * 2)  Speech, discourse.
 * 1)  Speech, discourse.
 * 1)  Speech, discourse.
 * 1)  Speech, discourse.
 * 1)  Speech, discourse.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: تَعْوِيذَة
 * Azerbaijani: ovsun,, , pitik
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, , embruixament, encantament
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, zaříkadlo, zaklínadlo
 * Danish: fortryllelse, besværgelse
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: sorĉo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , , ,
 * Friulian: fature
 * Galician:, feitizo
 * Georgian:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐπαοιδή, ἐπῳδή, κήλημα, μάγευμα
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: taika, noitasana
 * Interlingua: incantamento, formula magic
 * Irish: briocht draíochta, ortha, piseog
 * Italian:, formula magica, , , , ,
 * Japanese:
 * Khalaj: afsûn, əfsûn
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: veneficium,, incantatio, cantamen, cantamen, fascinum
 * Latvian: burvju vārdi
 * Malay: ,
 * Maori: hoa-
 * Middle English: conjurisoun, charme
 * Norman: charme, chorchéthon
 * Norwegian: trylleformel,, besvergelse
 * Old English: gealdor
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, , ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: tawal
 * Tibetan: མཐུ་སྔགས, ངན་སྔགས
 * Tocharian B: näsait
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: заклина́ння, закля́ття
 * Urdu: منتر, جادو, سحر, ٹونا,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: swyn

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:, , embruixament, encantament
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Icelandic: álög
 * Interlingua: incantamento
 * Irish: briocht draíochta, draíocht, geis
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin: veneficium, incantamentum, fascinum,, effascinatio, , cantamen
 * Latvian:
 * Norman: charme
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tibetan: རྨོངས་བྱེད, ངན་སྔགས
 * Tocharian B: näsait
 * Ukrainian: ча́ри, закля́ття

Verb

 * 1) To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm.
 * 2) * 1697, (translator), Georgics, Book 3 in The Works of , London: Jacob Tonson, p. 109, lines 444-446,
 * This, gather’d in the Planetary Hour,
 * With noxious Weeds, and spell’d with Words of pow’r
 * Dire Stepdames in the Magick Bowl infuse;
 * With noxious Weeds, and spell’d with Words of pow’r
 * Dire Stepdames in the Magick Bowl infuse;

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: začarovat
 * German:
 * Spanish:
 * Tibetan: མཐུ་འདེབས, རྨོངས་སུ་འཇུག

Etymology 2
From, from , , , (compare Modern 🇨🇬), from , merged with native , both eventually from. Related with etymology 1. The sense “indicate a future event” probably in part a backformation from.

Verb

 * 1)   To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word.
 * 2)  To read (something) as though letter by letter; to peruse slowly or with effort.
 * 3)  Of letters: to compose (a word).
 * 4)  To clarify; to explain in detail.
 * 5)  To indicate that (some event) will occur;.
 * 6) To constitute; to measure.
 * 7)  To speak, to declaim.
 * 8)  To tell; to relate; to teach.
 * 9) * 1770,, “Ode on the Approach of Summer” in A Collection of Poems in Four Volumes, London: G. Pearch, Volume 1, p. 278,
 * As thro’ the caverns dim I wind,
 * Might I that legend find,
 * By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes,
 * 1) To constitute; to measure.
 * 2)  To speak, to declaim.
 * 3)  To tell; to relate; to teach.
 * 4) * 1770,, “Ode on the Approach of Summer” in A Collection of Poems in Four Volumes, London: G. Pearch, Volume 1, p. 278,
 * As thro’ the caverns dim I wind,
 * Might I that legend find,
 * By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes,
 * As thro’ the caverns dim I wind,
 * Might I that legend find,
 * By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes,

Synonyms

 * ; mean; signify
 * comprise

Translations

 * Arabic: هَجَّى, تَهَجَّى
 * Armenian:
 * Basque: letreiatu
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: hláskovat
 * Danish: stave
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: stavseta
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Georgian: დამარცვლით კითხვა
 * German: ;
 * Greek: γράφω ορθογραφημένα,
 * Hawaiian: pela
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: stafa, stafsetja
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: orthographiar
 * Irish: litrigh
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 철자하다
 * Latvian: uzrakstīt, izrunāt
 * Malay: mengeja
 * Maori: tātaki, takikupu, tātaki kupu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: stava
 * Persian:, املاء کردن
 * Polish:, przeliterowywać, przeliterować
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: произноси́ть по бу́квам
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: אויסלייגן

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: هَجَّى, تَهَجَّى
 * Armenian: բառ կազմել
 * Basque:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: stave
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: veerima
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: სიტყვების შედგენა
 * German: ,
 * Greek: γράφω ορθογραφημένα
 * Ancient Greek: ἐπιγράφω
 * Hawaiian: pela, hoʻokuʻi
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Icelandic: stafa
 * Interlingua: componer
 * Irish: litrigh
 * Italian:, fare lo spelling,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 철자하다
 * Latin: conscribo
 * Latvian: nosaukt pa burtiem
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay: mengeja
 * Maori: tātaki
 * Mongolian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: se scrie
 * Russian: писа́ть по бу́квам
 * Scottish Gaelic: litrich
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan: དག་ཆ་བྲིས
 * Turkish: harflerini söylemek
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Interlingua: indicar
 * Italian: ,
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: ,
 * German:, , auf gut Deutsch gesagt
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: ,

 * Indonesian:

Etymology 3
From, from , akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To work in place of (someone).
 * to spell the helmsman
 * 1)   To rest (someone or something), to give someone or something a rest or break.
 * They spelled the horses and rested in the shade of some trees near a brook.
 * 1)  To rest from work for a time.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: invallen voor
 * Finnish: olla sijaisena, ,
 * German: ,
 * Interlingua: relevar
 * Italian:, , dare il cambio,
 * Latvian: aizvietot, nomainīt
 * Maori: whakakapi
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: давам почивка
 * Finnish:
 * Maori: whakaokioki

Noun

 * 1) A shift (of work);  a set of workers responsible for a specific turn of labour.
 * 2)  A definite period (of work or other activity).
 * 3)  An indefinite period of time (usually with a qualifier);  a relatively short distance.
 * 4) A period of rest; time off.
 * 5)  A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc.
 * 6)  An uninterrupted series of alternate overs bowled by a single bowler.
 * 1) A period of rest; time off.
 * 2)  A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc.
 * 3)  An uninterrupted series of alternate overs bowled by a single bowler.
 * 1) A period of rest; time off.
 * 2)  A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc.
 * 3)  An uninterrupted series of alternate overs bowled by a single bowler.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: кратко време
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * German: kurze Periode,, ,
 * Greek:
 * Interlingua: breve periodo, intervallo
 * Irish: tamall, scaitheamh, seal
 * Korean: ,
 * Latvian: īss laika sprīdis
 * Maori: of unbroken sleep
 * Polish: krótki okres
 * Portuguese: breve período,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , промежу́ток вре́мени
 * Scottish Gaelic: ùine, spealag
 * Spanish: ,
 * Welsh: sbel

 * Finnish:
 * Irish: rith tinnis
 * Spanish:, pataleta

 * Italian: ,

Etymology 4
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A splinter, usually of wood; a spelk.
 * 2) The wooden bat in the game of trap ball, or knurr and spell.
 * 1) The wooden bat in the game of trap ball, or knurr and spell.

Noun

 * 1) pity, shame
 * 2) * stór spell
 * big shame
 * 1) * tað var spell
 * it was a pity
 * 1) * spell var í honum
 * it was too bad for him

Etymology 1
From the verb.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) story
 * 2) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"
 * "ang"

- Ne wēne iċ, nū iċ lang spell hæbbe tō seċġenne, þæt iċ hīe on þisse bēċ ġeendian mæġe, ac iċ ōðre onġinnan sċeal.

 * 1) * late 9th century, The Voyage of Ohthere and Wulfstan
 * "ang"

- Fela spella him sæġdon þā Beormas, ǣġðer ġe of heora āgnum lande ġe of þām landum þe ymb hīe ūtan wǣron, ac hē nysse hwæt þæs sōðes wæs, for þon þe hē hit self ne ġeseah.

 * 1) news
 * 2) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- Þæt forme sċip ġesōhte land and ġebodode þæt eġeslīċe spell.

 * 1) prose or a work of prose
 * 2) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius'
 * "ang"

- Þā hē þās bōc hæfde ġeleornode and of Lǣdene tō Engliscum spelle ġewende, þā ġeworhte hē hīe eft tō lēoðe.

 * 1) argument
 * 2) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius'
 * "ang"

- Iċ onġiete þæt iċ þē hæbbe āþrotenne mid þȳ langan spelle, for þon þē lyst nū lēoða.

Usage notes

 * Spell and mean an argument as in a line of reasoning. For the sense "a debate, dispute, quarrel,"  is used.

title: spell


text:
shirt

Etymology 1
From, , , from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

🇨🇬 is a parallel formation from Old Norse; which is a, from the same ultimate source.

Noun

 * 1) An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
 * 2) An interior lining in a blast furnace.
 * 3) A member of the shirt-wearing team in a shirts and skins game.
 * 1) An interior lining in a blast furnace.
 * 2) A member of the shirt-wearing team in a shirts and skins game.
 * 1) An interior lining in a blast furnace.
 * 2) A member of the shirt-wearing team in a shirts and skins game.
 * 1) A member of the shirt-wearing team in a shirts and skins game.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Alviri-Vidari:
 * Vidari: پیران
 * Amharic: ሸሚዝ
 * Arabic: قَمِيص
 * Egyptian Arabic: قميص
 * Hijazi Arabic: قميص
 * Moroccan Arabic: قميجة
 * North Levantine Arabic: قميص
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܩܡܝܨܬܐ
 * Turoyo: ܩܡܶܣܬܳܐ
 * Western Neo-Aramaic: ܩܡܨܬ̤ܐ
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: cãmeashã, cãmeashi
 * Assamese: চোলা
 * Asturian: camisa
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: күлдәк
 * Belarusian: кашу́ля, саро́чка, руба́шка
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Buryat: самса
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: коч
 * Chickasaw: naafka' lombo'
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 恤衫
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Chukchi: мычыквын
 * Crimean Tatar: kölmek, kölekse
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: camaisa
 * Danish: bluse, skjorte, trøje
 * Dhivehi: ގަމީސް
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Elfdalian: stjuorta
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: skjúrta
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: cjamese, čhamese
 * Galician:, chambra, blusa, , envestidoiro
 * Gallurese: camisgia
 * Georgian: პერანგი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guerrero Amuzgo: kotôⁿ
 * Gujarati: ખમીસ
 * Hawaiian: palaka
 * Hebrew:
 * Hiligaynon: kamisadentro
 * Hindi: क़मीज़
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Hunsrik: Himd
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: paita
 * Ingush: коч
 * Interlingua:
 * Iquito: namátiica
 * Irish:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kamba: shati
 * Kannada:, ಕಮೀಜು
 * Karachay-Balkar: кёлек
 * Karaim: кёльмяк, кельмяк (in Trakai)
 * Kazakh: ,
 * Khakas: кӧгенек
 * Khmer:
 * Kikuyu: sati
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kumyk: гёлек
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: کِراس
 * Laki:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Southern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latgalian: krakli
 * Latin: camisia, tunicula
 * Latvian: krekls
 * Laz: ფორჩა
 * Lithuanian: marškiniai
 * Livonian: serk
 * Luhya: lishati
 * Luo: shat
 * Lutshootseed: puʔtəd
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: кошула, маица
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:, ഷർട്ട്
 * Maltese: qmis,
 * Maori: hāte
 * Maricopa: haav
 * Mauritian Creole: semiz
 * Megleno-Romanian: cămeașă
 * Meru: shati
 * Middle English: shirte
 * Mon:
 * Mongolian: дотуур цамц,
 * Navajo: deijiʼ ééʼ
 * Nepali: शर्ट, सर्ट, कमीज
 * Ngazidja Comorian: shatri
 * Nogai :коьйлек
 * Norman: c'mînse
 * North Frisian: Sjürt
 * Northern Sami: báidi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: skjorte
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ଶାର୍ଟ,ଅଙ୍ଗି
 * Ojibwe: babagiwayaan
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: срачица
 * Old English: hemeþe
 * Old Norse: skyrta
 * Ottoman Turkish: گوملك, پیراهن
 * Papiamentu: kamisa
 * Pashto:
 * Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Hamd
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: kamisa
 * Romani: gad
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: chamischa
 * Russian: ,
 * Rwanda-Rundi:
 * Kinyarwanda: ijipo
 * Sardinian: camigia
 * Campidanese: camisa
 * Logudorese: bentòne, camisa
 * Sassarese: camixa
 * Scots: sark
 * Scottish Gaelic: lèine
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кошуља, мајица, рубача
 * Roman:, ,
 * Seychellois Creole: semiz
 * Shor: кӱнек
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:, majica
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: zgło, zgełko
 * Upper Sorbian: košla
 * Southern Altai: кӱнек
 * Spanish:
 * Sranan Tongo: empi
 * Swabian: Hemmed
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: kamiseta, kamisa
 * Tajik:, пироҳан
 * Talysh:
 * Asalemi: شوی
 * Tamil:
 * Taos: cûdena
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: སྟོད་ཐུང, འོག་འཇུག, སྐུ་སྟོད
 * Tofa: ырмааӄы
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: köýnek
 * Tuvan: хөйлең
 * Udmurt: дэрэм
 * Ukrainian: соро́чка, кошу́ля
 * Urdu: قمیض, قمیص
 * Urum: гӧльмек, кӧльмек
 * Uyghur: كۆينەك
 * Uzbek:
 * Venetian:
 * Veps: paid
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Vilamovian: hemb
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian: himd
 * White Hmong: tsho
 * Winnebago: woonąžį
 * Wolof:
 * Yakut: ырбаахы
 * Yiddish: העמד
 * Yoruba: ṣẹ́ẹ̀tì
 * Yup'ik: lumarraq

Etymology 2
From, (also ), from the noun (see above).

Verb

 * 1) To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as if with a shirt.
 * 2) * 1691, King Arthur, by, act II, scene I.
 * Ah! for so many souls, as but this morn / Were clothed with flesh, and warm’d with vital blood / But naked now, or shirted just with air.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A T-shirt or other, typically including undershirts.

title: shirt


text:
spelling

Etymology
1400s, from.

Verb

 * 1) * 2006, Wm. Shakespeare, Ann Thompson and Neil Taylor, eds., Hamlet, London: Arden Shakespeare:
 * [p 88] A persuasive theory about the authority of the quarto or Folio texts might shed light on how Shakespeare actually spelt these names in a particular manuscript, but, since Shakespeare seemed capable of spelling his own name differently on different occasions, how reliable a guide would such evidence be?
 * [p 88] A persuasive theory about the authority of the quarto or Folio texts might shed light on how Shakespeare actually spelt these names in a particular manuscript, but, since Shakespeare seemed capable of spelling his own name differently on different occasions, how reliable a guide would such evidence be?

Noun

 * 1)  The act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography.
 * 2)  The manner of spelling of words; correct spelling.
 * 3)  A specific spelling of a word.
 * 4) * 2006, Wm. Shakespeare, Ann Thompson and Neil Taylor, eds., Hamlet, London: Arden Shakespeare:
 * [p 253] *excellent Q2’s ‘extent’ is generally dismissed as an error, probably a mis-reading of ‘exlent’, a common spelling at this time.
 * [p 269] reverend The spellings ‘reuerent’ (Q2) and ‘Reuerend’ (F) were interchangeable at this time.
 * [p 466] Guildensterne and Rosincrance are F’s consistent spellings.
 * 1)  A spelling test or spelling bee.
 * 2) * 1860, Oscar Lawrence Jackson, The Colonel's Diary: Journals Kept Before and During the Civil War [1922], Sharon, Penn., p 23:
 * The boys were anxious for a spelling in the evening but I said no.
 * 1)  A choice of notation among enharmonic equivalents for the same pitch.
 * 1)  A spelling test or spelling bee.
 * 2) * 1860, Oscar Lawrence Jackson, The Colonel's Diary: Journals Kept Before and During the Civil War [1922], Sharon, Penn., p 23:
 * The boys were anxious for a spelling in the evening but I said no.
 * 1)  A choice of notation among enharmonic equivalents for the same pitch.
 * 1)  A choice of notation among enharmonic equivalents for the same pitch.
 * 1)  A choice of notation among enharmonic equivalents for the same pitch.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: sanan kirjoittaminen
 * German: Buchstabieren
 * Hungarian:

 * Arabic: عِلْم اَلْإِمْلَاء
 * Assamese: বানান
 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian: пра́вапіс
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: espeling, panitik
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Haitian Creole: òtograf
 * Hebrew: כְּתִיב
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: orfografia
 * Irish: litriú
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 綴り字,, ,
 * Korean:, , 스펠, 스펠링
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: пра́вопис
 * Malay:, ortografi
 * Maori: tātakinga
 * Occitan:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , спе́ллинг
 * Scots: spellin, spaein
 * Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: правопис
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: pravopis
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: imla, tahajia, otografia
 * Tagalog: pagbabaybay, ispeling
 * Ukrainian:
 * Walloon:

 * Cebuano: espeling, panitik
 * Czech: hláskování
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: litriú
 * Japanese:
 * Maori: tātakinga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: stavemåte
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Scots: spellin
 * Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh
 * Swahili: imla
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pagbabaybay, ispeling
 * Telugu: వర్ణక్రమం
 * Turkish: ,
 * Walloon: ,

 * Arabic: عِلْم اَلْإِمْلَاء, هِجَاء, تَهْجِئَة
 * Belarusian: пра́вапіс, арфагра́фія, напіса́нне
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Cebuano: espeling
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , , 正詞法,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: stavemåde
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, tavaus
 * French: ,
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew: אִיּוּת
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: litriú
 * Japanese: 正字法,, 文字綴り,
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Low German:
 * German Low German:
 * Malay:
 * Maori: tātakinga
 * Nepali: हिज्जे
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, , спе́ллинг ,
 * Scots: spellin
 * Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: tahajia, imla
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pagbabaybay, ispeling
 * Telugu: వర్ణక్రమం
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:, , написа́ння
 * Walloon:
 * Yiddish: אויסלייג, אָרטאָגראַפֿיע

 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua:
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * West Frisian: ,

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) spelling specific spelling of a word

title: spelling


text:
shoe

Etymology
From, , from , from , from , of unclear etymology; possibly a derivation from , from. Eclipsed non-native, from ,  (compare , , , ). The archaic plural shoon is from, from , and ; it is cognate with 🇨🇬. See also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do.
 * 2) A piece of metal designed to be attached to a horse's foot as a means of protection; a horseshoe.
 * 3)  A device for holding multiple decks of playing cards, allowing more games to be played by reducing the time between shuffles.
 * 4) Something resembling a shoe in form, position, or function, such as a brake shoe.
 * 5) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the snow.
 * 6) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill.
 * 7) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to retard its motion.
 * 8)  A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building.
 * 9) A trough or spout for conveying grain from the hopper to the eye of the millstone.
 * 10) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill.
 * 11) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter.
 * 12) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile.
 * 13)  A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; called also slipper and gib.
 * 14) Part of a current collector on electric trains which provides contact either with a live rail or an overhead wire (fitted to a pantograph in the latter case).
 * 15)  An ingot of gold or silver shaped somewhat like a traditional Chinese shoe, formerly used in trade in the Far East.
 * 16) The outer cover or tread of a pneumatic tire, especially for an automobile.
 * 17)  A pneumatic tire, especially for an automobile.
 * 18)  A fake passport.
 * 1) The outer cover or tread of a pneumatic tire, especially for an automobile.
 * 2)  A pneumatic tire, especially for an automobile.
 * 3)  A fake passport.
 * 1)  A pneumatic tire, especially for an automobile.
 * 2)  A fake passport.

Hyponyms

 * See Thesaurus:shoe

Translations

 * Abkhaz: ашьапымаҭәата
 * Adyghe: цуакъэ
 * Afrikaans:
 * Ainu: ケイㇾ, ケㇾ
 * Akan: asepatere
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ጫማ
 * Arabic:, نَعْل, جَزْمَة
 * Chadian Arabic: نعال
 * Egyptian Arabic: جزمة
 * Gulf Arabic: جُوتِي
 * Hijazi Arabic: جزمة
 * Iraqi Arabic: قندرا
 * Moroccan Arabic: سباط
 * Aragonese:
 * Aramaic:
 * Classical Syriac: ܡܣܐܢܐ
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: cundúrã
 * Ashkun: vaćá
 * Assamese: জোতা
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:, , tufli, botinka
 * Bashkir: аяҡ кейеме
 * Basque: zapata, oinetako
 * Belarusian: чараві́к
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Brunei Malay: kasut
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:, ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: sapatos
 * Chakma: 𑄎𑄧𑄘
 * Chechen: мача
 * Cherokee: ᎠᎳᏑᎶ
 * Chichewa: nsapato
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 鞋, 鞋仔
 * Dungan: хэҗүә, хэ
 * Eastern Min: 鞋
 * Gan: 鞋子
 * Hakka: 鞋仔
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Jin: 鞋
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Northern Min: 鞋
 * Wu: 鞋子, 鞋
 * Xiang: 鞋子
 * Chuvash:
 * Coptic:
 * Bohairic: ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲓ
 * Sahidic: ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ
 * Crimean Tatar: ayaqap
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dinka:
 * Dutch:
 * Early Assamese: পানৈ
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Evenki: унта
 * Ewe: afɔkpa
 * Faroese: skógvur, skógvar
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: scarpa
 * Galician:, galorcho,
 * Georgian: ფეხსაცმელი
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌷𐍃
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: ὑπόδημα, ἀρβύλη
 * Gujarati: જૂતા
 * Hausa:
 * Hawaiian: kāmaʻa
 * Hebrew:
 * Hiligaynon: sapatos
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido: ,
 * Ilocano: sapatos
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: kenkä, popo
 * Interlingua: scarpa
 * Irish:
 * Old Irish: bróc, accrann
 * Isan:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kabardian:
 * Kalenjin: kweok
 * Kamkata-vari:
 * Kamviri: vaćó
 * Kata-vari: vëćó
 * Kannada:
 * Karok: yukúkuh
 * Kazakh:, туфли, бәтеңке, кебіс
 * Khmer: ស្បែកជើង
 * Khoekhoe: ǁharodi
 * Kikuyu: kiratu
 * Kinaray-a: sapatos
 * Komi-Permyak:
 * Komi-Zyrian:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz: бут кийим,, ,
 * Ladino: kalsado, kondurya, chapines
 * Lakota: háŋpa
 * Lao:, ປາທຸກາ
 * Latin: calceus, sotular
 * Latvian: kurpes,
 * Lithuanian: kurpė
 * Livonian: kǟnga
 * Lombard: scarp
 * Lü:
 * Luganda: engatto
 * Luhya: siraro
 * Luxembourgish: Schong
 * Macedonian: чевел, чевли, кондура, кондури, обувка
 * Maguindanao: talumpa
 * Malagasy: kiraru
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Maltese: żarbuna
 * Manchu: ᠰᠠᠪᡠ
 * Manx: braag
 * Maori: hū
 * Maranao: talompa'
 * Marathi: बूट
 * Meru: kiratu, kiratu
 * Mirandese: çapato
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:, , ботинк
 * Nahuatl:
 * Nanai: ота
 * Navajo: ké
 * Nepali: जूता
 * Ngazidja Comorian: nkabwa, koshi
 * Norman: sôler
 * North Frisian: Skoch
 * Northern Sami: skuovva, gáma
 * Northern Thai:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: sko
 * Occitan: ,
 * Odia: ଜୋତା
 * Ojibwe: makizin
 * Okinawan: 靴
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: чрѣвии, сапогъ
 * Old East Slavic: черевикъ
 * Old English: scōh
 * Oromo: kophee
 * Osage: hǫǫpé
 * Ossetian:
 * Ottoman Turkish: آیاق قابی, باشمق
 * Papiamentu: sapatu
 * Pashto: ,
 * Pawnee: asuuruʼ
 * Persian:
 * Dari:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Pipil: kakti, -kak
 * Plautdietsch: Schoo
 * Polabian: criv
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Prasuni: vëzë́lë
 * Punjabi:
 * Gurmukhi: ਜੁੱਤੀ
 * Shahmukhi: جُتّی
 * Rajasthani:
 * Rohingya: zuta
 * Romani: papuka
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Romansch: chalzer, calzer , s-charpa
 * Russian:, , , ,
 * Samoan: seʻevae
 * Sangisari: چمش
 * Scots: shae
 * Scottish Gaelic: bròg
 * Semai: kasot
 * Serbo-Croatian: crijevlja
 * Cyrillic: обућа, ципела, постола
 * Roman: obuća, ,
 * Shan:
 * Sicilian:
 * Sindhi:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Somali:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: crjej
 * Sotho:
 * Southern Altai: туфля, башмак
 * Southern Thai: เกือก
 * Spanish:
 * Sranan Tongo: s'su
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Sylheti: ꠎꠥꠔꠣ
 * Tagalog:
 * Tahitian: tamaʻa, tiaʻa
 * Tai Dam:
 * Tajik:
 * Talysh:
 * Asalemi: کفش
 * Tamil:
 * Taos: kə̀obénemą
 * Tarifit: tsirit
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu: ,
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ལྷམ, ཇུར་རྟ, ལྷམ་གོ, ཞབས་ཕྱགས
 * Tigrinya: ጫማ
 * Tumbuka: syapato
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen:
 * Tuvan:
 * Ukrainian: череви́к
 * Unami: chipakw
 * Urdu: جُوتا, کَفْش
 * Uyghur: ئاياق, كەش, بەتىنكە
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:, laigajuk
 * Waigali: oćä
 * Walloon:
 * Waray-Waray: sapatos
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian: skoech
 * White Hmong: khau
 * Yakut:
 * Yami: tokap
 * Yiddish: שוך
 * Yucatec Maya: xanab
 * Yup'ik: cap'akiq, masmakiq, pasmakiq
 * Zazaki: kefs, postal, lekas, kosık, sewl
 * Zhuang: haiz

 * Afrikaans:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: папуча
 * Maltese: pedala
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Estonian:
 * Guaraní:
 * Ido:
 * Interlingua: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Lithuanian:
 * Tagalog:
 * Telugu:

Verb

 * 1)  To put shoes on one's own feet.
 * 2)  To put shoes on someone or something else's feet, especially to put horseshoes on a horse.
 * 3)  To cover an object with a protective layer of material.
 * 1)  To put shoes on someone or something else's feet, especially to put horseshoes on a horse.
 * 2)  To cover an object with a protective layer of material.
 * 1)  To cover an object with a protective layer of material.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: обувам
 * Catalan:
 * Esperanto: ŝui
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Kabuverdianu: kalsa
 * Macedonian: обува
 * Occitan:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: обуть(ся)
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: взува́тися

 * Asturian: ferrar
 * Bulgarian: подковавам
 * Catalan:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: rautama
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: járna
 * Ingrian: ravvoittaa
 * Italian:
 * Lithuanian: kaustyti
 * Macedonian: потковува
 * Maori: haeana
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: sko
 * Occitan:
 * Ottoman Turkish: نعللامق
 * Polish: podkuwać, podkuć
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: підкува́ти
 * Welsh:
 * Zazaki: nal kerden

 * Danish:, beslå
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish:

 * Dutch: ,
 * German:
 * Swedish:

title: shoe


text:
skirt

Etymology
From, from , from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.
 * 2) The part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist.
 * 3) A loose edging to any part of a dress.
 * 4) * July 27, 1713,, The Guardian no. 118
 * A narrow lace, or a small skirt of fine ruffled linen, which runs along the upper part of the stays before, and crosses the breast, being a part of the tucker, is called the modesty piece.
 * 1) A petticoat.
 * 2)  A woman.
 * 3)  Women collectively, in a sexual context.
 * 4)   with a woman.
 * 5) The border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything.
 * 6) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
 * 1)  Women collectively, in a sexual context.
 * 2)   with a woman.
 * 3) The border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything.
 * 4) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
 * 1) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
 * 1) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
 * 1) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
 * 1) The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.

Usage notes

 * It was formerly common to speak of “skirts” (plural) rather than “a skirt”. In some cases this served to emphasize an array of skirts of underskirts, or of pleats and folds in a single skirt; in other cases it made little or no difference in meaning.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: تَنُّورَة, جُوب, خَرَّاطَة, وَزَرَة, جُونِلَّة
 * Egyptian Arabic: جيبة
 * Armenian:
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܝܘܼܦܩܵܐ
 * Asturian:, saya
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Baluchi: دامن
 * Bashkir: итәк
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bengali:
 * Breton: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: စကတ်,
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: palda
 * Chamicuro: ita'la
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏌᏃ
 * Chickasaw: naafka' tapa'
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 裙
 * Dungan: чүнзы
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Wu: 裙
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nederdel,
 * Dutch:
 * Elfdalian: tjuosle
 * Esperanto: jupo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: skjúrt
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: ქვედაკაბა, ქვედატანი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic: atequt
 * Haitian Creole: jip
 * Hausa: siket
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: स्कर्ट
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: hame
 * Irish: sciorta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: юбка
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ສິ້ນ,
 * Latgalian: snuotine
 * Latin: gunna
 * Latvian: svārki
 * Lithuanian: sijonas
 * Luxembourgish: Jupe
 * Macedonian: здолниште, здолница, сукња
 * Malay: skirt
 * Maltese: dublett
 * Maori: paki
 * Marathi: स्कर्ट
 * Mongolian:, юбка
 * Navajo: tłʼaakał
 * Neapolitan: vunnella
 * Norman: cotelle, cotillon
 * Northern Sami: vuolpu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: stakk, skjørt,
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ସ୍କର୍ଟ
 * Old English: scyrte
 * Papiamentu: saya
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Rock
 * Polabian: tåbat
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romani: rotya
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: rassa
 * Russian:
 * Sardinian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: sgiorta
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: сукња
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: kóšula, kóšulka
 * Upper Sorbian: suknja, suknička
 * Spanish:, ,  ,
 * Swahili: sketi
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: palda
 * Tajik: доман
 * Taos: yúwolaną
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ýubka, etek
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: سکرٹ
 * Uyghur: يوپكا
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: sgert, sgertiau
 * Yami: sikato
 * Yiddish: ספּאָדניצע, ספּודניצע, יופּע, קליידל
 * Zazaki: pêş

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nederdel
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: jupo
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: niðurpartur
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: helma
 * Interlingua: gonna
 * Irish: sciorta, íochtar
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: svārki
 * Luxembourgish: Jupe
 * Maltese: dublett
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: læppa
 * Ottoman Turkish: اتك, دامن
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:, ,  ,
 * Swedish:
 * Volapük:
 * Zazaki: gınc

 * Finnish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Bulgarian: фу́ста
 * Czech:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * German:, Weiberrock
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Ottoman Turkish: اكسك اتك
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: жена
 * Roman:
 * Swedish: kjoltyg

 * Finnish:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish:, reunama, ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Ottoman Turkish: یاقه
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque:
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Hindi:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Mongolian:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Roman:
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Tagalog:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian:
 * Yiddish:
 * Zulu:

Verb

 * 1) To be on or form the border of.
 * 2) To move around or along the border of; to avoid the center of.
 * 3) To cover with a skirt; to surround.
 * 4)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
 * 1) To cover with a skirt; to surround.
 * 2)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
 * 1) To cover with a skirt; to surround.
 * 2)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
 * 1) To cover with a skirt; to surround.
 * 2)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
 * 1)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
 * 1)  To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: ,
 * Interlingua: costear, contornar
 * Italian:
 * Maori: taku
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: граничити
 * Roman:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * Maori: hohoni, taku, honi
 * Russian:

 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * German:
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,

Etymology
From.

title: skirt


text: polyedron

title: polyedron


text: polyedrous

title: polyedrous


text:
polyeidic

Adjective

 * 1)  Passing through several distinct larval forms; having several distinct kinds of young.

title: polyeidic


text:
i.e.

Etymology
From, a Latinistic abbreviation of.

Pronunciation

 * It is sometimes verbally enunciated as.
 * It is sometimes verbally enunciated as.
 * It is sometimes verbally enunciated as.
 * It is sometimes verbally enunciated as.

Adverb

 * 1)  That is, namely, in other words, that is to say.

Usage notes
The correct use of i.e. differs from that of viz. in that what follows i.e. merely restates in other words what has already been said, whereas what follows viz. expands upon what has already been said; and it differs from the correct use of e.g. in that completeness or near-completeness is suggested by i.e., whereas e.g. introduces a not complete and often only small selection of examples.
 * Often confused with e.g.: In correct use, i.e. is used to explain, clarify or rephrase a statement, whereas e.g. is used to list examples.
 * American English prefers a comma after i.e., but British English usually does not use a comma there and often does not use dots either.
 * Opinion is mixed about whether the abbreviation should be italicized, or whether there should be a separating non-breaking space as in i. e., or whether this matters at all. However, the AMA manual of style recommends to forgo italic on terms long since naturalized into English and not to separate abbreviations (see "Abbreviation" on Wikipedia).

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:in other words

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Arabic:, يَعْنِي
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: йәғни
 * Belarusian: гэ́та зна́чыць, г. зн.
 * Bengali: ইয়ানে
 * Bulgarian: т.е.,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: t.e.
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, ;
 * French: ,
 * Galician:, ou sexa
 * Georgian: ესე იგი, ე.ი.
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: היינו,, ,
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ido: ,
 * Irish: .i.
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Latin: i. e., sc., h. e. (hoc est)
 * Lithuanian: t.y.
 * Macedonian:, то ест
 * Malay: iaitu, yakni
 * Malayalam: അതായത്
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: але
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: d.e., dvs.
 * Old English: ꝥ is
 * Old Irish: .i.
 * Persian:
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: .i.
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: тј.
 * Roman: tj.
 * Slovak: čiže, tzn., teda
 * Spanish:, a saber, , esto es
 * Swahili: yaani
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Tajik:
 * Tibetan: དེ་ཡང, དེའང, དེ་ལའང, དེ་ལ, དེ་ལ་འདིར, འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu:
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: ד"ה

Usage notes

 * Equivalent in meaning to English i.e..

Adverb

 * , synonym of cioè and ossia

Usage notes

 * Equivalent in meaning to English i.e. and that is

title: i.e.


text:
e.g.

Etymology
The is a terser form of, both  ; e.g. was also used as an abbreviation in Latin.

The is derived from the adverb.

Pronunciation

 * (see the usage notes below)
 * (see the usage notes below)

Adverb

 * : for the sake of an example; for example.

Usage notes

 * Unlike, e.g. is very seldom read as a full Latin phrase. Like , it is typically read out as its English (“for example”) or as its letters (“E-G”). It is also sometimes taught or glossed as “example given” for the benefit of English speakers.
 * E.g. and its examples are typically set off from the rest of the sentence by punctuation. In US English, e.g. is usually followed by a comma. It is not followed by a comma in other English-speaking countries.
 * I like sweet foods, e.g. danishes.
 * I like sweet foods (e.g., marzipan) but brush regularly.
 * I like sweet foods (e.g. marzipan) but brush regularly.
 * I like sweet foods — e.g., red-bean zongzi — and so prefer Shanghainese cuisine to, e.g., Cantonese.

 * The example(s) following e.g. should be illustrative, not exhaustive. An exhaustive list or rephrasing uses i.e. instead. The use of after e.g. is typically redundant.
 * Rarely, is spelled in full.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian: p. sh.
 * Arabic: على سبيل المثال, نحو
 * Armenian: օր.
 * Basque:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: ekz.
 * Estonian:
 * Faroese: t.d.
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian:
 * German:  (dated: z. E. ),
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: לדוג׳,, לְמָשָׁל
 * Hungarian: pl.
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: m.sh.
 * Italian: ad es.
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 예를 들면
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: wekî mînak, wekî nimûne, mîsalen, ,
 * Latin:, ;
 * Latvian: piem.
 * Lithuanian: pvz.
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay: mis. ,
 * Northern Sami: omd.
 * Norwegian Bokmål: ,
 * Norwegian Nynorsk: ,
 * Persian: برای مثال
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: de ex., e.g.
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: нпр.
 * Roman: npr.
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: na pś.
 * Spanish: p. ej.
 * Swedish:, , tex. ,
 * Tagalog: hal.
 * Turkish: örn.
 * Ukrainian: наприклад
 * Vietnamese: vd.
 * Welsh: e.e.

Noun

 * 1)  An example.

Adverb
(by justification)

 * 1) exemplī grātiā ("for the sake of an example, for example")
 * 2) * 1732 (MDCCXXXII), Antonius Mayr, Theologia Scholastica, Ingolstadium, page 55, by justification:
 * "la"

- nam licèt e. g. fornicatio prohibita sit non tamen id semper fieri necesse est. e.g. aliquis corruptus pecuniâ & tamen obligationem e. g. restituendi damnum

 * 1) * 1821, Julius Müller, Ratio et historia odii quo foenus habitum est, pages 3 and 10, by justification:
 * "la"

- Interdum etiam utrumque vocabulum in usu loquendi inter se commutatur, e. g. Dig. XIII, C. 4. Liv. XXIII, 48. Recentiora denique iura, quibus foenus prohibitum est, e.g. ius Francogallorum,

title: e.g.


text:
et cetera

Alternative forms

 * See

Etymology
From, from.

Pronunciation

 * (See Usage notes at etc.)

Phrase

 * 1)   etc.: and so forth, and the rest.

Usage notes

 * See etc. for usage.

Synonyms

 * See etc.

Noun

 * 1) Something in addition, which can easily be understood.

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1) and so forth, et cetera

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1) et cetera, and the rest, and so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information continues in a similar or already-known fashion.

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1) et cetera

Etymology
.

Phrase

 * 1) and so on

Phrase

 * 1) ; and so on

Adverb

 * 1)  and so on

title: et cetera


text: spelled

title: spelled


text:
spelt

Etymology 1
From. See.

Etymology 2
From, from , from ; or from , from ; all from.

Noun

 * 1)  A grain, considered either a subspecies of wheat,, or a separate species  or.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: pərinc
 * Bashkir: борай
 * Basque: espelta
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: шпелта
 * Catalan: espelta
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 斯卑爾脫小麥
 * Chuvash: пӑри
 * Czech:
 * Danish: spelt
 * Dutch:
 * Erzya: виш
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: speltanisu
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:, melga
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὄλυρα
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: spelt, speldi
 * Irish: speilt
 * Italian:
 * Kumyk: къарабудай, полба
 * Latin: fār, ador
 * Luxembourgish: Spelz
 * Macedonian: кру́пник, пи́ра
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: висте
 * Norwegian: spelt
 * Persian: کندروس, جوگندم, گندم آلمانی
 * Polish:, szpelc
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: прапшеница, пир
 * Roman: prapšenica,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: espelta,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tatar:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: спельта
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh: sbelt
 * Zazaki: xeleyo derg

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A thin piece of wood or metal; a splinter.
 * 2)  Spelter.

Verb

 * 1)  To split; to break; to spalt.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a type of wheat,

Etymology 1
From, from , either from or , both ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  spelt grain

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  spelt

title: spelt


text:
speak

Etymology
From, from. This is usually taken to be an irregular alteration of earlier, from , from , from. Finding this proposed loss of r from the stable cluster spr unparalleled, Hill instead sets up a different root, from  with *s-mobile, which collapsed in meaning with *sprekan ("to speak" < "to crackle, prattle") and so came to be seen as a free variant thereof.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and also with 🇨🇬 through Indo-European.

Verb

 * 1)  To communicate with one's voice, to say words out loud.
 * 2)  To have a conversation.
 * 3)  To communicate or converse by some means other than orally, such as writing or facial expressions.
 * 4)  To deliver a message to a group; to deliver a speech.
 * 5)  To be able to communicate in a language.
 * 6)  To be able to communicate in the manner of specialists in a field.
 * 7)  To utter.
 * 8)  To communicate (some fact or feeling); to bespeak, to indicate.
 * 9)  To understand (as though it were a language).
 * 10)  To produce a sound; to sound.
 * 11) Of a bird, to be able to vocally reproduce words or phrases from a human language.
 * 12)  To address; to accost; to speak to.
 * 13) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.
 * 1)  To be able to communicate in a language.
 * 2)  To be able to communicate in the manner of specialists in a field.
 * 3)  To utter.
 * 4)  To communicate (some fact or feeling); to bespeak, to indicate.
 * 5)  To understand (as though it were a language).
 * 6)  To produce a sound; to sound.
 * 7) Of a bird, to be able to vocally reproduce words or phrases from a human language.
 * 8)  To address; to accost; to speak to.
 * 9) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.
 * 1)  To understand (as though it were a language).
 * 2)  To produce a sound; to sound.
 * 3) Of a bird, to be able to vocally reproduce words or phrases from a human language.
 * 4)  To address; to accost; to speak to.
 * 5) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.
 * 1)  To address; to accost; to speak to.
 * 2) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.
 * 1) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.
 * 1) * 2013, George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving (quoting an older text)
 * Spoke the ship Union of Newport, without any anchor. The next day ran down to Acra, where the windlass was again capsized and the pawls broken.

Usage notes

 * Saying that one speaks a language often means that one can or knows how to speak it (“I speak Italian”); similarly, “I don’t speak Italian” usually means that one cannot, rather than that one chooses not to.

Derived terms

phrasal verbs

idioms

Translations

 * Ido:

Noun

 * 1)  language, jargon, or terminology used uniquely in a particular environment or group.
 * corporate speak; IT speak
 * 1)  Speech, conversation.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: xerga
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish:

Noun

 * 1)  a low class bar, a speakeasy.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to speak

title: speak


text:
substance

Etymology
From, from , from , from , present active participle of , from +. Displaced native.

Noun

 * 1)  Physical matter; material.
 * 2)  A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
 * 3) The essential part of anything; the most vital part.
 * 4) * 1684-1690,, Sacred Theory of the Earth
 * This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.
 * 1) Substantiality; solidity; firmness.
 * 2) Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
 * 3) Drugs illegal narcotics
 * 4)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1) * 1684-1690,, Sacred Theory of the Earth
 * This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.
 * 1) Substantiality; solidity; firmness.
 * 2) Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
 * 3) Drugs illegal narcotics
 * 4)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1) Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
 * 2) Drugs illegal narcotics
 * 3)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1) Drugs illegal narcotics
 * 2)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1) Drugs illegal narcotics
 * 2)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.
 * 1)  Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:substance
 * See also Thesaurus:gist
 * See also Thesaurus:recreational drug

Translations

 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: матдә
 * Belarusian:, субста́нцыя
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 物質
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Wu: 物質
 * Czech:
 * Danish: substans,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: substanco
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ნივთიერება
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: οὐσία, ὕλη, ὑπόστασις
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: mianach, damhna
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ສະສານ
 * Latin: substantia,
 * Latvian: viela
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: супстанција
 * Malay: ,
 * Maori: matū, pūmatū, kiko
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ
 * Norwegian: substans,
 * Old English: andweorc
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: супста̀нца
 * Roman: supstànca
 * Slovak: látka
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: модда
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: madda
 * Ukrainian:, субста́нція
 * Urdu: مادہ
 * Uyghur: ماددا
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: (物質)
 * Yiddish: מאַטעריע

 * Armenian:
 * Asturian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: substans, hovedindhold
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: არსი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: οὐσία
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: substantia
 * Maori:
 * Norwegian: substans
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: susbaint
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ,

 * Finnish:
 * Galician:, ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish: formue
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: bens
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: οὐσία
 * Hungarian:
 * Korean: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ნივთიერება
 * Irish: damhna
 * Maori: pūmatū

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, , substans
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

 * Albanian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua:
 * Italian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Middle English:
 * Persian:
 * Romanian:
 * Slovak:
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish:

Verb

 * 1)  To give substance to; to make real or substantial.

Etymology
, from, present active participle of , from +.

Noun

 * 1) substance

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) essence

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) most essential; substantial part
 * 2) existence

title: substance


text:
Talk:ass

Stupid person
"Ass" meaning "stupid person" is not a shortening of "asshole"; it's by analogy to the stubborn and learning-resistant donkey or mule. For instance, British speakers use "ass" in the sense of "stupid person" despite using "arse" (and "arsehole") for the anally-related meanings. – 24.51.54.85 June 2003
 * Yes, I agree. The message above seems to have been written 3 years ago, but even now the article says that "ass" as in "fool" is associated with "ass" as in "bottocks", and that is just wrong.  I even seem to recall a line from Shakespeare where someone is called an ass.  The history of calling someone an ass (as in donkey) far predates usage of "ass" (as in buttocks).  It occurs not just in English, too; the ancient Romans used to call people "asinus".  – Andyluciano 19:02, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Heterosexual definition
Why does the second definition of "ass" assume that anyone using it is a heterosexual male or a lesbian? The list of synonyms is even worse.

Peter Isotalo 15:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The goal is to reflect how language is used, not to be politically correct - bowing to the whims of the LGBT community. OTOH, an additional meaning could be listed that is specific to closed LGBT contexts.  --Connel MacKenzie T C 16:01, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

If you are referring to "(vulgar slang): Women, particularly when considered as a sex object." then I agree that it ought to be "A person" rather than "Women", because "Women" can get some ass too...or a gay guy...but I don't think a golden retreiver or a toaster could, so A person should work. - TheDaveRoss 16:10, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It just means "sex". "Women" or other such qualifications in the definition just sound awkwardly homoerotophobic. Fixed. Rodasmith 16:29, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * "LGBT contexts" is as much part of everyday languae usage as that of straight people and I don't see anyone excluding slang used by major ethnic groups who speak English. Excluding groups of speakers isn't just politically incorrect, it's also gives a skewed description of a language.
 * Peter Isotalo 11:21, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Verb
I've seen "ass" as a verb roughly meaning "bother", as in "he couldn't even be assed to write me a note." I don't have any experience editing Wiktionary; what's the proper procedure to get this on the page? 98.226.182.175 18:13, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

The British slang equivalent is fairly common, as in "couldn't be arsed". I've only ever seen it used in the passive. 213.243.146.215 00:43, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Pronomial usage
Currently we give the sixth definition (second sense) as "oneself", which (to my way of thinking) implies that it is used only reflexively: "Get your ass in gear", "Move your ass on out", "He's dragging his ass", etc. But anyone acquainted with today's speech knows that "my/your/his/her/their ass" may also be used non-reflexively in a wide variety of grammatical positions: "Mr. Big put a hit out on your ass", "Somebody needs to fact-check his ass", "Your ass is getting its ass handed to it". In these sentences, which are all plausible 21st century English utterances, "ass" is clearly not equivalent to a reflexive pronoun: *"Mr. Big put a hit out on yourself", *"Somebody needs to fact-check himself", *"Yourself is getting its ass handed to it". On the contrary, the closest literal equivalent to this sense of "ass" is "person": "Mr. Big put a hit out on your person", etc. Accordingly, I would suggest changing the sixth definition (second sense) from "oneself" to "one's person". I would have been so bold as to make the change myself, had the page not been locked. L ANTZY TALK 22:26, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Use in Australia
While the form "arse" exists in Australia and is the traditional form, "ass" is used so overwhelmingly nowadays that one can't seriously suggest that "arse" is the dominant form, as this page does. Sabretoof 21:29, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

euphemism for "arse" an urban legend?
Apparently the often-heard claim of the spelling (and pronunciation) "ass" for "arse" being a euphemism due to US prudishness is an urban legend. The spelling (and pronunciation) in fact developed before the existence of the American colonies and is part of a linguistic process that can also be observed in many other words with -rs- (e.g. burst/bust, curse/cuss, horse/hoss, barse/bass). The main cause seems to have been the development of non-rhotic pronunciation, which made "arse" sound like "ass". Some of these changes happened as early as in late Middle English, when barse became bass, for example. "Bust" in the sense and pronunciation derived from "burst" was specifically a US invention, which happened in the mid 18th century (New Oxford), so it seems that r dropping was pretty normal in US English at the time. I always thought r dropping was a UK specialty and never happened in the American colonies, so I'll have to look for info about when that development stopped and reversed in the US since http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents provides no info on this.

It would seem that it's pretty important that the word "arse" was mostly heard and rarely seen. This could perhaps explain why the apparent reversal of r dropping that happened in the US didn't affect a word that sounded like it didn't have an r (anymore).

The euphemism related to ass/arse is elsewhere, in the use of "donkey" instead of "ass", but this seems to have been a mostly or entirely British development predating the existence or the linguistic independence of the American colonies. Since "ass" had already been replaced by "donkey" for a long time in English, US Americans could use "ass" to unequivocally refer to the pejorative senses of "donkey" and "buttocks".

The following was my attempt to copyedit the deleted WP article on this word, but i'm not sure the content is in fact correct:

Although before World War I they were similar, the British English pronunciations of "ass" /æs/ and "arse" /ɑːs/ are now quite different. In American English, they were also pronounced quite similarly in the past when non-rhotic pronunciation ("r dropping") was more common. Since "ass" was replaced by "donkey" (in both UK and US English), it became possible for US Americans to use "ass" only for the pejorative meanings of both words. Although "arse" is commonly used in Atlantic Canada, "ass" is more idiomatic west of the Ottawa river. --Espoo 03:02, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

Please correct the spanish translation from 'polvo' to 'culo'.

 * In this case, polvo is correct. —Stephen (Talk) 07:05, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Semitic origin
“The word probably has a Semitic origin, c.f. the Sumerian ansu and Hebrew,  (ahton, “she-ass”).” (English>Etymology 1>paragraph 2.) Since when is Sumerian Semitic? In the correspondig Wikipedia article and in its reference it says “language isolate”. I'm changing it from Sumerian to Arabic (أَتَان (sorry, it's the only source I could find which shows any cognates for it)) unless you can give me an established source that says the Semitic root comes from Sumerian (probably through Akkadian). TomeHale (talk) 19:33, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

 * That may be possible, particularly if the Hebrew etymology is wrong, as from אתן (ĀTHAN) (to walk with short steps), or else it could have a primitive form parallel with Sumerian; but in any case, of antediluvian origin. Andrew (talk)Andrew H. Gray 13:31, 24 January 2019 (UTC)

Etymology
Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”) is also an ancestor according to the equus entry and the էշ one (and the internet in general).

92.27.123.95 09:23, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

 * None of the entries say that, in fact. Nor did they say it at the time you wrote. The entry asinus traces the word back to Asia Minor (or the Levant, or the Ancient Near East in general), but does not mention Armenian.
 * The Latin word was apparently borrowed after rhotacism, i. e., in the 4th or 3rd century BC, by which time Armenian was indeed already spoken in the region (Asia Minor), but it was not Old Armenian at the time, but an earlier stage roughly equivalent to what is sometimes termed "Proto-Armenian", which may or may not make a relevant (phonetic) difference in this case. It would be geographically and historically highly unexpected for Old Latin to borrow a word from Armenian (which was, at the time, probably spoken in central or eastern Anatolia, but only in the inland and probably not at the Mediterranean), and I know no other case. It appears more plausible that the source was Etruscan, which conveyed elements from Asia Minor (but hardly Armenian), although a fitting Etruscan word is not attested. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 13:30, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

 * The Irish form should not be used to confirm the Latin origin of a Celtic lexeme, since there is very slender proof that true Celtic Irish lexemes were borrowed from Latin anyway; because the Romans had very little infiltration into Ireland. Andrew H. Gray 07:57, 13 September 2019 (UTC)Andrew talk

Arabic term relating to buttocks
"طيز" is a common term meaning ass (as in buttocks) and should be added.
 * ✅ --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:18, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

If X finds out, it's my ass
How should a sentence like "If Mr White finds out, it's my ass" (I'll be in trouble/lose my job) be explained by Wiktionary. Siuenti (talk) 22:58, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

get in one's ass
Should get in one's ass be added? --Backinstadiums (talk) 13:23, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

RFD discussion: October 2020–October 2021
"Used after an adjective to indicate extremes or excessiveness." Duplicates -ass, and is not a noun anyway. Glades12 (talk) 12:41, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

 * The current examples are hyphenated and thus -ass, but this can also be found with a space rather than a hyphen, liike "a whole ass (whatever)", "a big ass fish", etc. Hence, we need some kind of entry here, even if just "synonym of -ass". (And one could argue that because hyphenating or compound nouns that can also exist spaced is common and cromulent, but using suffixes as separate words set apart by spaces is not [in English], a situation where all of "Xass", "X-ass" and "X ass" are attested suggests the lemma is "ass", not "-ass"...) - -sche (discuss) 17:07, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I would consider "a big ass X" to be a misspelling. If included, I think one would have to analyze it as a postpositive adverb, since it modifies adjectives. Unlike, , which I think can only be used predicatively (the building was tall as hell, not *a tall as hell building), this one I think can only be used attributively (a tall-ass building, not the building was tall-ass). I've encountered the same phenomenon of affix-sundering with prefixes, e.g. / and / -- in this case ordering is consistent with ordinary (prepositive) adverb placement.__Gamren (talk) 14:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Keep some sense here, per my comment above, although which form is the lemma and which is an alternative form is a separate matter. - -sche (discuss) 11:17, 9 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean up. DAVilla 08:26, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Keep — Dentonius 07:52, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete, this is best analysed as a suffix and suffices for that. ←₰-→  Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:10, 27 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I've reduced the entry to a mere form-of (in this case, synonym of) -ass, hopefully this satisfies the concern that it duplicated -ass, while also addressing the issue that something needs to be kept here because hyphenless, spaced ass can certainly be attested, and people will look it up at that spelling (ass). - -sche (discuss) 08:56, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

No consensus to delete, particularly given the refinement of the definition. bd2412 T 02:52, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

more senses
there is an idiom that is named "shit my ass". "Shit ass" itself is on Wiktionary, but I am just suggesting that unlocking the editing thing so that people can contribute in the word "ass". 105.183.134.70 14:29, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:ass


text:
straight

Etymology
From, , , the past participle of , from (past participle , ), from. Doublet of.

Adjective

 * 1) Not crooked, curly, or bent; having a constant direction throughout its length.
 * , undeviating.
 * 1) Perfectly horizontal or vertical; not diagonal or oblique.
 * 2) * 1925, United States House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee No. 1, Charges Against William E. Baker, U.S. District Judge:
 * Mr. Coniff: He did not have his hat on straight; that is the one thing, is it?
 * 1)  Describing the bat as held so as not to incline to either side; on, or near a line running between the two wickets.
 * 2)  Having all cylinders in a single straight line; in-line.
 * 3)  in communication; unevasive, straightforward.
 * 4)  from dishonesty; honest, law-abiding.
 * 5)  rather than comedic.
 * 6) In proper order; as it should be.
 * 7) In a row, in unbroken sequence; consecutive.
 * 8)  Describing the sets in a match of which the winner did not lose a single set.
 * 9) * 2011 February 10, Press Association:
 * Murray started well against Marcos Baghdatis before slumping to defeat in straight sets and the British No1 admitted he may not have been mentally prepared for the rigours of the ATP Tour after a gruelling start to 2011.
 * 1)  Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the organization and candidates of a political party.
 * 2)  Containing the names of all the regularly nominated candidates of a single party and no others.
 * 3)   ; mainstream; socially acceptable.
 * 4)  Occurring between people of opposite sex (sometimes, but not always, specifically between heterosexual people).
 * 5)  Related to conventional sexual intercourse.
 * 6)  Not using alcohol, drugs, etc.
 * 7)  Not plus size; thin.
 * 8)  Strait; narrow.
 * 9)  Stretched out; fully extended.
 * 10)  Thorough; utter; unqualified.
 * 11) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 12)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 13)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 14)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 15)  On good terms.
 * 1)  Describing the sets in a match of which the winner did not lose a single set.
 * 2) * 2011 February 10, Press Association:
 * Murray started well against Marcos Baghdatis before slumping to defeat in straight sets and the British No1 admitted he may not have been mentally prepared for the rigours of the ATP Tour after a gruelling start to 2011.
 * 1)  Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the organization and candidates of a political party.
 * 2)  Containing the names of all the regularly nominated candidates of a single party and no others.
 * 3)   ; mainstream; socially acceptable.
 * 4)  Occurring between people of opposite sex (sometimes, but not always, specifically between heterosexual people).
 * 5)  Related to conventional sexual intercourse.
 * 6)  Not using alcohol, drugs, etc.
 * 7)  Not plus size; thin.
 * 8)  Strait; narrow.
 * 9)  Stretched out; fully extended.
 * 10)  Thorough; utter; unqualified.
 * 11) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 12)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 13)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 14)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 15)  On good terms.
 * 1)  Occurring between people of opposite sex (sometimes, but not always, specifically between heterosexual people).
 * 2)  Related to conventional sexual intercourse.
 * 3)  Not using alcohol, drugs, etc.
 * 4)  Not plus size; thin.
 * 5)  Strait; narrow.
 * 6)  Stretched out; fully extended.
 * 7)  Thorough; utter; unqualified.
 * 8) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 9)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 10)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 11)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 12)  On good terms.
 * 1)  Related to conventional sexual intercourse.
 * 2)  Not using alcohol, drugs, etc.
 * 3)  Not plus size; thin.
 * 4)  Strait; narrow.
 * 5)  Stretched out; fully extended.
 * 6)  Thorough; utter; unqualified.
 * 7) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 8)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 9)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 10)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 11)  On good terms.
 * 1)  Stretched out; fully extended.
 * 2)  Thorough; utter; unqualified.
 * 3) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 4)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 5)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 6)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 7)  On good terms.
 * 1) Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat.
 * 2)  Sent at a full rate for immediate delivery; being a fast telegram.
 * 3)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 4)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 5)  On good terms.
 * 1)  Concerning the property allowing the parallel transport of vectors along a course that keeps tangent vectors remain as such throughout that course a course which is straight, a straight curve, is a geodesic.
 * 2)  OK, all right, fine; in a good state or situation.
 * 3)  On good terms.
 * 1)  On good terms.
 * 1)  On good terms.
 * 1)  On good terms.

Translations

 * Adyghe: зафэ
 * Afrikaans: reguit
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مُسْتَقِيم
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: ãndreptu
 * Assamese: পোন
 * Asturian:
 * Azerbaijani:, müstəqim,
 * Bashkir: төҙ
 * Belarusian: прамы́,
 * Bengali:, সিধা, সরল
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: tanos, tul-id
 * Chamicuro: nanatolo
 * Chechen: нийса
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 直
 * Eastern Min: 直
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: drat
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: otse
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: dret
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: εὐθύς, ὀρθός
 * Hebrew:
 * Higaonon: matul-id
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: soora, oikia, kohalliin
 * Ingush: нийса
 * Interlingua:, recte
 * Irish: díreach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kabardian:
 * Kashubian: prosti
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: ڕێک
 * Latin: rectus
 * Lithuanian: tiesus
 * Luxembourgish: riicht, gerode
 * Macedonian: прав
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: dritt
 * Manchu: ᡨᠣᠨᡩᠣ
 * Maori: tōtika, torotika
 * Marathi: सरळ
 * Mongolian:
 * Nanai: тонгдо
 * Navajo: kʼézdon
 * Occitan: dret
 * Old English: riht
 * Papiamentu: stret
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: dretg
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Sardinian: daretu, deretu, diritu, dritu
 * Scots: straucht
 * Scottish Gaelic: dìreach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: прав
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Slovak: priamy, rovný
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: rowny
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sundanese:
 * Swahili: nyofu
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: tuwid
 * Tetum: loos
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: سیدھا
 * Venetian: dirito
 * Walloon:
 * Zazaki: istiqamet
 * Zealandic: recht

 * Afrikaans: reguit
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: тура
 * Belarusian: прамы́
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ligefrem
 * Dutch: zoals het hoort
 * Estonian: otsekohene
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐθύς
 * Hebrew: יָשִׁיר
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ingrian: soora, vernoi
 * Irish: díreach
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin: dīrectus
 * Lithuanian: tiesus
 * Macedonian: отворен, искрен
 * Maori:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scots: straucht
 * Scottish Gaelic: dìreach
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: nyofu
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, відве́ртий,

 * Afrikaans: soos dit hoort
 * Azerbaijani:, , qaydada olan
 * Bashkir: дөрөҫ, тура
 * Chamicuro: nanatolo
 * Finnish: ,
 * German:, , so wie es sich gehört
 * Hungarian: rendben lévő,
 * Macedonian: правилен, исправен
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: olması gerektiği gibi,
 * Ukrainian:

 * Afrikaans: suiwer
 * Azerbaijani:, üzlü
 * Bulgarian: неразреден
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, ufortyndet
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * German: unverdünnt, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: чист
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scots: straucht
 * Slovak: čistý
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish:
 * Italian: in linea
 * Japanese:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish:

 * Afrikaans:, konvensioneel
 * German:, ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:, , , ,
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:

 * Afrikaans: heteroseksueel, straight
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: heteroseksuel
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician: hetero
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: סטרייט
 * Hungarian: heteró
 * Irish: díreach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ノンケ,
 * Malay: heteroseksual
 * Marathi: विषमलिंगी
 * Norwegian: heterofil
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: hétero
 * Romanian: hetero
 * Russian:,  ,
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: hetero, hétero,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: натура́л, гетеросексуа́л

 * Arabic:
 * Italian:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu:, ,
 * Welsh:

Adverb

 * 1) Of a direction relative to the subject, precisely; as if following a direct line.
 * The door will be straight ahead of you.
 * Go straight back.
 * 1)  Directly; without pause, delay or detour.
 * On arriving at work, he went straight to his office.
 * 1) Continuously; without interruption or pause.
 * He claims he can hold his breath for three minutes straight.
 * 1) Of speech or information, without prevarication or holding back; directly; straightforwardly; plainly.
 * He claims he can hold his breath for three minutes straight.
 * 1) Of speech or information, without prevarication or holding back; directly; straightforwardly; plainly.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Hijazi Arabic: عَلَى طُول, دُغْرِي
 * South Levantine Arabic: دغري
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: пра́ма, про́ста
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: otse
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: εὐθύ
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ingrian: kohallee
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:, ,
 * Latin: rēctā
 * Latvian: taisni
 * Livonian: kūoḑõn
 * Macedonian: право
 * Neapolitan: adderitto
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Scots: straucht
 * Scottish Gaelic: dìreach
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пра̏во
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: priamo, rovno
 * Slovene: naravnost
 * Spanish:, todo derecho
 * Swedish: rakt fram
 * Telugu: ,
 * Ukrainian: пря́мо, про́сто

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Estonian: otse
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient Greek: εὐθύ
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Latin: rēctā
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Slovak: priamo
 * Tagalog: diretso
 * Ukrainian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: yhteen menoon
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Slovak: nepretržite

Noun

 * 1) Something that is not crooked or bent such as a part of a road or track.
 * 2)  Five cards in sequence.
 * 3)  A heterosexual.
 * 4)  A normal person; someone in mainstream society.
 * 5)  A cigarette, particularly one containing tobacco instead of marijuana.
 * 6) * [1923, J[oseph] Manchon, Le slang : lexique de l'anglais familier et vulgaire : précédé d'une étude sur la pronunciation et la grammaire populaires, p. 296:
 * A straight = a straighter = a straight cut, une cigarette en tabac de Virginie.]
 * 1) A chiropractor who relies solely on spinal adjustment, with no other treatments.
 * 2) A cat that has straight ears despite belonging to a breed that often has folded ears.
 * 3) * 2021, B. J. Deming, 25 More Facts About House Cats
 * A hopeful sign of compromise is the growing popularity of Scottish Fold "straights" (cats like Maru, without droopy ears).
 * 1)  A cigarette, particularly one containing tobacco instead of marijuana.
 * 2) * [1923, J[oseph] Manchon, Le slang : lexique de l'anglais familier et vulgaire : précédé d'une étude sur la pronunciation et la grammaire populaires, p. 296:
 * A straight = a straighter = a straight cut, une cigarette en tabac de Virginie.]
 * 1) A chiropractor who relies solely on spinal adjustment, with no other treatments.
 * 2) A cat that has straight ears despite belonging to a breed that often has folded ears.
 * 3) * 2021, B. J. Deming, 25 More Facts About House Cats
 * A hopeful sign of compromise is the growing popularity of Scottish Fold "straights" (cats like Maru, without droopy ears).
 * 1) A cat that has straight ears despite belonging to a breed that often has folded ears.
 * 2) * 2021, B. J. Deming, 25 More Facts About House Cats
 * A hopeful sign of compromise is the growing popularity of Scottish Fold "straights" (cats like Maru, without droopy ears).

Translations

 * Bulgarian: права линия
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sicilian: rittufilu
 * Slovak: rovinka
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,

 * Armenian: սթրեյթ, սթրիթ
 * Bulgarian: кента
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: postupka
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Greek: κέντα
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: sraith
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Maori: tōtika
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: straight
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: postupka
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: tavallinen ihminen
 * Portuguese:, , senso-comum, ,
 * Slovak: obyčajný človek, normálny človek

 * Finnish: tavallinen savuke

 * Dutch:

Verb

 * 1)  To straighten.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Of a work of art: played straight, not daring to break conventions.
 * , heterosexual
 * , directly
 * , directly

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   five cards in sequence

title: straight


text:
hamstring

Noun

 * 1)  One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.
 * 2)  The biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles.

Translations

 * Arabic: وَتَر اَلْمَأْبَض
 * Bulgarian: колянно сухожилие
 * Danish:
 * Finnish: takareiden lihas
 * French:
 * German: Hüftgelenkextensoren, Kniesehne, ischiocrurale Muskulatur, rückseitige Oberschenkelmuskulatur
 * Hungarian: térdín
 * Irish: teannán ioscaide
 * Maori: iohere kātete
 * Plautdietsch: Hakesän
 * Russian: подколе́нное сухожи́лие,
 * Swedish: knäsena, hassena
 * Tagalog: litid sa alakalakan
 * Welsh: llinyn y gar

Verb

 * 1)  To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough.
 * 2)  To cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.
 * 1)  To cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.

Hypernyms

 * See Thesaurus:disable

Translations

 * Arabic: عَقَرَ
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Irish: speir
 * Ottoman Turkish: سڭیرلمك
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1) hoarding, the act of gathering or hoarding consumables in anticipation of a shortage (like a hamster hides food in its cheeks)

title: hamstring


text:
unvisibly

Adverb

 * 1)  invisibly.

title: unvisibly


text:
unvitiated

Adjective

 * 1) Not vitiated; pure.

title: unvitiated


text:
unvoluntary

Adjective

 * 1)  Involuntary.

title: unvoluntary


text:
thunder

Etymology
From, , , , , , from , from , from , from ,.

Compare, ,. Germanic cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Other cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , , , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.
 * 2) A deep, rumbling noise resembling thunder.
 * 3) An alarming or startling threat or denunciation.
 * 4)  The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt.
 * 5)   The spotlight.
 * 1)  The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt.
 * 2)   The spotlight.
 * 1)   The spotlight.
 * 1)   The spotlight.

Usage notes

 * roll, clap, peal are some of the words used to count thunder e.g. A series of rolls/claps/peals of thunder were heard

Verb

 * 1)  To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity.
 * 2)  To make a noise like thunder.
 * 3)  To (make something) move very fast (with loud noise).
 * 4)  To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.
 * 5) To produce something with incredible power.
 * 1)  To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.
 * 2) To produce something with incredible power.
 * 1) To produce something with incredible power.
 * 1) To produce something with incredible power.

title: thunder