text:
Appendix:Glossary of surfing

This page describes jargon, slang and technical terms related to surfing and surf culture.

air

 * Another term for Aerial (qv) or descriptive of the size of the aerial achieved, example "I got some serious air on that last aerial".

aerial

 * A trick where the board takes off from the lip of a wave and after travelling lands back on the face of the wave and continuing.

A-frame

 * A peak-shaped wave, with nice left and right shoulders, and the highest point of the crest in the middle of the peak.

ankle biter

 * Waves too small to ride.

axe/axed

 * A heavy wipeout, usually involving the wave's lip impacting directly onto a surfer. Also called drilled, pummeled, etc.

backhand

 * Surfing while facing away from the wave (also, backside).

backside

 * Refers to the position in which you are facing the wave. Surfing backside means that the posterior portion of your body is facing the wave face and your anterior portion is facing the beach.

back paddle

 * paddling in front and around someone to take the closest spot to the wave peak or takeoff spot when they think that spot is theirs

bail, bail out

 * To abandon or ditch one's surfboard before getting wiped out by the wave, either paddling out, or while riding the wave.

Barney

 * A new/untalented surfer. Also see jake; kook.

barrel

 * The space inside a hollow, breaking wave between the lip and face. A surfer may be completely hidden from view during a barrel ride, especially from shore. Another name for "tube" or "shack-tar".

beach bunny
A general American popular culture term for a young woman .who spends her free time at the beach. In surf culture it may also refer to a female surfer. Beach bunnies are known for the amount of time they spend sun tanning and are usually represented wearing bikinis," see Muscle Beach Party and Gidget.

beach break

 * Waves breaking on a sand bottom beach.

blown out

 * Surf condition in which either onshore (most prominent) or offshore winds have eliminated the ridable sections of waves, reducing them to chop or mush.

body surfing

 * Surfing a wave using only the body or minimal equipment such as fins (flippers) and/or a hand surfing device.

bomb

 * Bomb means a very large wave, well beyond the session's normal wave size.

bombora

 * Big waves breaking further out (over submerged rocks) and isolated by deep water. Also called bombie or cloudbreak.

boogie board

 * A short, soft foam board used for bodyboarding. Also known as a body board or a sponge or (in Australia) esky lid.

boost

 * To take off from a wave into an aerial, to jump from the lip of a wave.

bottom

 * 1) The lowest section of the face of an unbroken wave.
 * 2) The lower surface of a surfboard.

bottom turn

 * A turn at the bottom of the wave face.

broceanography
The ability to discern a good surfing location or predict good surfing

caught inside

 * When a surfer is on the "inside" and trapped between the shoreline and breaking waves. Oncoming waves can make paddling back outside difficult, hence being "caught" in an undesirable position. This usually means the surfer will have to wait for a lull between the larger breaking waves for a chance to slip into clear water.

 * Caught Inside is also a 1996 book by Daniel Duane about his surfing experiences ISBN 0-86547-494-X.

channel

 * 1) Design feature of a surfboard to guide water along its underside.
 * 2) A trench between sand banks or reefs.  Often associated with a strong current.

cheater five

 * 1) To "cheat" a Hang Five by crouching toward the middle of the board, then stretching your front leg out as far as possible to sneak your toes over the nose.

choppy

 * Surf condition in which the waves are inconsistent, broken, or generally irregular (see, Blown Out).

clean

 * Smooth waves, usually good surfing conditions.

clean-up set

 * A much larger wave or a set of waves, which breaks further outside than normal. A clean-up set usually "cleans" the line-up of surfers caught further inside.

close out

 * An undesirable situation in which a wave does not break uniformly along its length. Instead one or more sections of the wave break ahead of the section the surfer is riding.

clubbie

 * Term used to describe a member of a Surf lifesaving club.

cutback

 * A classic surfing move used to change direction when streaking ahead of the curl of a wave with a powerful turn back towards the breaking part of the wave (white water). Cutbacks are an important element in surfing as the maneuver repositions the surfer closer to the power of the wave. See also Roundhouse cutback.

dawn patrol

 * Literally going surfing at dawn. An early morning surf session before sunrise. This time usually offers the least crowded and cleanest conditions before the winds pick up.

deck

 * The upper surface of a surfboard.

delammed

 * Slang for delaminated. A condition of surfboard fiberglass, usually on the deck, where the fiberglass has deteriorated and separated from the foam core, thus creating an unfavorable surface for standing.

dick-drag

 * Slang for lying down on the board while riding a wave. Derogatory term applied to those who are not good enough to stand up yet.
 * body boarder

ding

 * Damage, usually a hole or dent, to the surfboard.

double overhead

 * A wave twice as tall as its rider.

down-the-line

 * A reference to the direction further along the crest of a wave from the location from where a surfer drops into the wave. The direction toward which the surfer is riding. Waves can also be described as "down-the-line" when the wall is long and fast.

drop in

 * Taking off on a wave that is already being ridden by another surfer. Contrary to good etiquette.

duck dive

 * A method for getting through a broken or large wave without being washed towards the shore. Basically, pushing the surfboard and one's body under the wave.

dude

 * A fellow surfer; friend; companion. If you've caught a wave with a board, standing, kneeling or body then you're one.

Eddie would go

 * A reference to legendary waterman Eddie Aikau renowned for taking on waves others would shy away from. Eddie went to paddle for help when the Hawaiian ocean voyaging canoe Hokule'a ran into trouble off the Hawaiian island of Kaho'olawe, and was never seen again.  This phrase is often seen on bumper stickers throughout Hawai'i.

epic

 * An adjective to describe an excellent surf session, a great wave, etc. Example: "how was it yesterday? Ah dude, it was epic!"

eskimo roll

 * A method for getting through a broken or large wave without being washed towards the shore. Basically, rolling the board over so the water rushes over the underside (which is facing upwards). Also known as a turtle roll.

face

 * Unbroken, forward-facing portion of the wave, where most waveriding occur.

far out

 * Used to describe an amazing wave ride experience.

fin chop

 * Injury caused by the fins of a board, usually someone else's.

floater

 * Frontside or backside maneuver that involves "floating" over the broken part of a wave and re-entering the more ridable crest.

forehand

 * Surfing while facing toward the wave (also, frontside. See backhand/backside).

frontside

 * Refers to your body position in relation to the wave face. Surfing 'frontside' means that the anterior portion of your body is facing the wave face and your posterior portion is facing the beach.

funboard

 * A surfboard somewhere between a shortboard and a mini-mal, designed for ease of surfing in a range of conditions.

getting worked

 * (US Slang) A term for getting hit hard by a wave, a set, or wiping out in a spectacular manner. Example: "check it out, that dude got worked!"

Gidget

 * Girl Midget, nickname of Kathy Kohner, young girl surfer.

glassy

 * A very favorable, windless surf condition in which the texture of the ocean surface is ultra-smooth, like glass.

glass house

 * The inside of a tube.

gnarly

 * Heavy, intense waves or situations. Very often overused.

goofy-footed

 * A surfer who places their right leg forward while surfing. This is more common for a left handed person, although may not necessarily relate to a person's "handedness".  See also natural footed, the opposite stance.

goat boat

 * A mildly derogatory term used to describe a waveski or surfski used in the surf.

going off

 * A term to describe very good, consistent surf. Example: "check it out, bro. It's just going off!" Also refers to a surfer who is surfing particularly well.

green room

 * The inside of a tube.

grommet

 * Young surfer. Sometimes shortened to "grom".  Can also refer to children in general, not just those who surf.

gun

 * A long narrow board designed for surfing big waves. The term comes from elephant gun, a big board being needed for big waves in the same way a big gun imagined necessary for big animals.

gurfer

 * Girl Surfer

hang five

 * A long-boarding trick in which the toes of one foot are curled around the nose of the surfboard.

hang ten

 * An advanced longboarding trick in which the toes of both feet are curled around the nose of the surfboard.

heavy

 * Powerful, difficult conditions where a surfer could be in danger.

hobble-bobble

 * An aerial launch with the added twist of flapping your arms like a bird.

hodad

 * A highly insulting term for a non-surfer who poses to the surfing lifestyle. Also see kook

hold down

 * To be held underwater by a wave. A two-wave hold down is to be held down while two waves pass over. A hold down usually feels much longer than it actually is.

humpback

 * A type of wave that is really more like two because the more obvious, larger wave, has another wave developing from its wave face. Also known as a "double-up."

impact zone

 * Where the waves are breaking.

Indo fun

 * A surfing term for diahorrea or stomach cramps, often associated with the poor hygiene and water quality experienced on surfing trips to Indonesia (Indo)

inside

 * The takeoff position on a wave closest to the curl than any other surfer. Also "caught inside": being located inshore of the breaking waves or inside the impact zone or break line.

jacking

 * A wave condition in which a swell rises very quickly as it passes from deeper water to shallow water. A radical shoaling process caused by an extreme variation in water depth as the swell hits the shallow reef or ocean floor. Often creates very hollow and intense waves that appear to grow suddenly in height; thus "jacking up".

jake

 * A jake, or rockaway jake, is somebody in the line-up and unconsciously causing trouble or problems for their fellow surfers. A jake is usually a beginning surfer and surfers use jake similar to how netizens use newbie. See also kook.

kick out

 * A controlled exit from the wave by riding up and over the top of the wave.

kneelo

 * A kneeboard rider.

kook

 * Any person who is in the line-up and unconsciously causing trouble or problems for their fellow surfers. A kook is usually a beginning surfer and surfers use kook similar to how netizens use newbie. Can also be used as an insult. See also jake.

L.A.hinch
Used by certain surfers in Lahinch, Ireland. A parallel between Lahinch and Los Angeles.

layback

 * A maneuver where the surfer leans back off his/her board, usually during a cutback.

leash

 * A cord used to prevent the board being washed away from the surfer. Surfboard leashes are usually attached to the ankle, whereas bodyboard leashes are usually attached to the wrist. Also called "leg rope". Also "ankle rope" in Australia.

'Leen

 * The 'Leen is a name used by surfers for Aileen's, the famous big wave surfing beach in Ireland.

line up

 * The line up is often mistakenly thought to be the line of surfers waiting for waves just beyond the breaking waves.
 * The phrase was originally used, and still is, to describe the line a breaking wave follows. From when the wave starts breaking, following the line of the reef or sandbank. The "line up" is used to decribe the rideable part of the wave that a surfer will follow. To paddle through the line up is considered to be both dangerous and rude behaviour. This is a mistake often made by many beginner surfers, resulting in frightening near misses or dangerous accidents.

localism

 * Term given to hostility displayed by local surfers to surfers visiting what the locals consider to be their break. The hostility can range from graffiti, verbal abuse in the line up, wiping of surf wax over the windscreen of the visitor's car, to physical violence (as preferred in Hawai'i allegedly).

macking

 * When waves are really big and firing with massive size. The waves don't have to be good, just big. Also, when the swell is peaking. (After Mack trucks.)

making the drop

 * Just after you have caught the wave and are swinging on to the lower part of the shoulder.

mal

 * Short for "Malibu" in direct reference to the "Malibu board", not the place.

milfy

 * An adjective that means extraordinary or exceptional. Originated in SoCal during spring 2006.

Malibu surfboard

 * 60's style longboard, made with heavy glass, long parrell 50/50 rails, and deep single fin. Made especially for triming, (walking the board) and for noseriding. Aussies use the term "mal" for most all longboards.

mini mal

 * Mini Malibu

mushy

 * A surf condition in which waves are crumbly and soft without any steepness or much energy. Gutless and weak.

namer

 * A surfer who publicly uses the name of a secret surfing spot. The term is highly derogatory, as naming, especially on the internet, is considered a key causative factor for large crowds.

gnarly

 * Slang term for awesome, great, exciting

natural footed

 * A surfer who places their left leg forward while surfing. This is usual for a right handed person.  Often called "Regular footed" in the U.S. See also Goofy footed, the opposite stance.

Noah

 * A shark. From rhyming slang, Noah's ark — shark.

nose

 * The front of the board.

nose guard

 * A rubber tip stuck to the nose of a board to reduce injury if it strikes someone.

nose ride

 * A maneuver in which the surfer walks to the front of the surfboard and rides on the nose. It is usually only possible on a surfboard of 8' or longer.

nug

 * Slang for a good wave (Golden Nugget)

off-the-lip

 * A re-entry. Turning the board quickly off the top of the wave to come back down into the face of the wave.

out-the-back/Outside

 * The area outside of the lineup or break line where surfers in the lineup initially observe sets of waves as they approach. Often a term used to warn other surfers in the lineup that a new set of waves is approaching. "Outside!" Same as "out-the-back" (often used by Australian surfers.)

overhead

 * Wave heights taller than the surfer riding it. Often used as a measurement scale of waves such as 2 feet overhead, three feet overhead, double overhead, triple overhead. Etc.

over-the-falls

 * The worst kind of wipeout in which a surfer is sucked back over the top of the wave as it breaks, and free-falls down with the lip (the most powerful part of the wave). This type of wipeout can cause bad injuries because the surfer will likely hit the reef or ocean floor.

peak

 * Where a wave forms in a manner that the surfer is able to go both right or left from the take off.

pearl

 * A wipeout caused when the nose or front of the surfboard digs into the water, generally causing the surfer to tip-off forward. Usually occurs when dropping into a steep part of a wave.

pipeline

 * Pipeline is a world famous surf spot on the North Shore of Oahu so known because it lays downs tubed waves like pipe being laid down.

pocket

 * The section of a wave just ahead of the broken section, where the face is at its steepest.

pointbreak

 * Variety of surf break when waves wrap around a point of land creating perfectly lined up, peeling waves. The waves actually interact with the bottom contours just offshore of the point to refract and wrap around the point.

Pope's living room

 * The inside of a tube. The same as green room.

pull in

 * The process of turning the surfboard up to enter the barrel or the tube.

pull out

 * See kick out.

quimby

 * A novice, and often annoying, surfer.

quiver

 * A surfer's collection of boards.

quasimodo

 * A maneuver named after the character from the hunch back Notre Dame. The surfer resembles the Quasimodo because of his/her posture they are bending waiting to enter the barrel. Typically performed by long boarders.

rail

 * The edge or sides of the board.

rashee

 * . A Lycra rash guard surfer shirt.

re-entry

 * Turning on the lip of the wave to come back down into the face of the wave.

regardo

 * . A surf session that is undertaken despite adverse conditions, e.g., "It was totally blow, but we were dying to get our gills wet; we went for the regardo."

ricos

 * Spanish word meaning rich, perfect. Example, "I caught some ricos today."

rip

 * A surfer who rips is one who is seriously skilled, and often shows this off in the view of other surfers or spectators.
 * e.g. "Look at that grom - he absolutely rips!"

rip current

 * A channel of water, or a current, heading out to sea. Often simply known as a rip. Recognizeable by choppy whitewater and sea junk going out to sea.

rocker

 * The longways curvature of the underside of a board. More rocker means a more curved board, less means a flatter board.  Generally a flatter board goes faster, but some curve is needed to stop the nose digging into the water, or to "fit" the curve of the wave.

rooster tail

 * The trail of spray when a surfer hits the lip very hard, causing spray to shoot out at nearby surfers.

roundhouse cutback

 * A complete 180-degree directional change in which the surfer turns from the shoulder all the way back into the curl or whitewater of the breaking wave, before completing the ride. A very advanced maneuver, which is difficult to complete if enough speed isn't carried throughout the entire 180-degree turn. A roundhouse cutback is usually complemented by a foam bounce recovery off the approaching whitewater.

sand for brains

 * Term directed at surfers and other beach sports. The term implies that the individual has no brain, only sand.

schwip thing

 * an item used to scrape the wax from a surfboard. Often a deodorant lid or milk bottle lid is used to good effect.

section

 * A segment of a total wave. It resembles what they call in music, "a bar or measure."

set

 * A group of waves, usually large, that come in from the "outside." Surfers usually paddle towards the outside (towards the horizon) when they spot a good set.

beginner surfer

sharky

 * Surf conditions are cold and choppy with lots of churning. "It's too sharky to surf today," meaning, surf only a shark would like. Or if you're from an area such as northern California that has a large shark population sharky is used to describe a spot that has more than the usual number of large sharks and has more than likely has had an attack or numerous sightings. "Yeah super fun spot but real sharky." = great waves and big fish.

Shoobie
Used by surfers in South Jersey to describe a tourist who visits the seashore for a day (a daytripper), primarily to use the beach during the summer months.

Originated in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, deriving from the habit among daytrippers of bringing their lunch in a shoe box, thus depriving local businesses of the revenue the tourists would have spent on food. The term "shoobie" may sometimes now be applied to tourists who are more likely to wear shoes on the beach.

shorepound

 * A dangerous condition, due to high tide or larger surf, where the waves break in one single "wall" onto the beach, often in shallow water. Getting caught in shorepound can be an unpleasant experience. Also called "shorebreak" or "wally" in some areas.

shortie

 * A wetsuit with short legs and short, or no, arms. Sometimes known as a spring or summer suit.

shoulder

 * The very edge of a breaking wave that is unbroken.

shoulder hopper

 * A surfer who deliberately takes off on the shoulder of a wave as opposed to its central peak or bowl, often out of fear and/or due to overcrowded conditions, usually not bothering to look for others already riding the wave and as a result outright or nearly dropping in on others ("shoulder hopping"). Almost always derogatory.

shrop

 * To surf hard in the worst conditions. To surf at one's best when the surf is particularly bad.

sick

 * A superlative term applied to anything that is really good. Example: "That last air I busted was totally sick"

slash

 * An aggressive carving turn off the top of a wave.

slot

 * If a surfer is "in the slot", he or she is riding a barrel.

snake

 * (noun and verb). Used to describe someone who deliberately "drops in" in front of a surfer who has the right-of-way. Also, someone who quickly sneaks behind another surfer with the right-of-way, putting his/her self in position to take more waves.  Example: "Watch out for that guy, he's a serious snake!" Or: "You snaked me!"

soup

 * The white water of a breaking wave.

speed bump

 * Derogatory phrase used to describe a Bodyboarder.

sponger or spongebob

 * Bodyboarder, typically used in a derogatory context.

stall

 * A method to slow the surfboard to allow a wave to catch or overtake it. Performed by stepping to the tail of the surfboard or simply leaning back and resting one's weight on one's trailing foot.

steamer

 * A diving wetsuit with long arms and long legs. Also known as a "winter suit."

stick

 * A slang term for a surfboard

stoked

 * Excited. (from stoking a fire)

stringer

 * The wooden strip which runs the length of the board, designed to give strength and rigidity to the board. These can either be single, for short boards or lighter weight long boards, or double or triple stringers for longboards. Double and triple stringers are great for using longboards in more powerful or large waves, but add weight to the board.

Stu

 * A "kook" or a "barney." i.e. a new/untalented surfer. Can also refer to local college students who are ignorant of proper surf etiquette and usually of questionable surfing ability.  Example: "watch out for that peak, it's loaded with stu's!"

surf

 * Collective term for the breaking and near-breaking waves at a beach, in which surfing takes place.

surf camp

 * Accommodations for surfers and surfing enthusiasts where you can learn how to surf.

surfing

 * Not a sport. But a lifestyle...but technically, a sport.

style

 * You can be a great technical surfer, but without style and flow you are just a surfer. To be a great surfer, you need to draw influence from the past and identify your own way of surfing the wave.

switchfoot

 * Riding with one's wrong foot forward, ie. opposite to one's usual natural/goofy preference. Or, a surfer who can ride with either foot forward. Generally such a surfer will ride forehand in both directions.

tail

 * The rear of the board.

tail pad

 * Rubber non-slip pad stuck to the top of the board near the tail where the surfer's rear foot goes. Used instead of wax, generally used only on a shortboard.

take off

 * To catch a wave and begin the ride.

360

 * Pronounced "three-sixty". A trick involving turning the board through a full circle on the face of the wave.

thruster

 * A surfboard with three fins. Designed by Simon Anderson in 1980 and now used on almost all shortboards.

tombstoning

 * The condition of a surfboard connected to a submerged surfer after a wipeout. A surfboard that appears to be bobbing up and down on the surface of the ocean due to the underwater anchoring point, e.g., the unseen surfer, is tombstoning.

tube

 * (noun) The inside of a hollow wave.
 * (verb) The act of surfing inside the curl of a breaking wave.

tubular

 * Awesome, or really great. Describing a wave as tubular because it forms a tube.

turtle roll

 * A paddling maneuver to help reduce resistance when paddling through whitewater, by rolling the surfboard upside down (with the fins up), and then holding on to the rails of the surfboard while underwater as the whitewater passes overhead. Used especially with longboards because the board's increased flotation makes "duckdiving" (the preferred method) difficult.

V
V bottom

The shape of the bottom of a surf board

Vickie

 * Term for Australian surfers. Not very polite. Implies that Australians are descended from convicts. Sometimes used as a comeback for "Seppo" (which comes from Aus. rhyming slang: Seppo is short for Septic Tank, which rhymes with Yank).

Wally

 * A condition where both sides of a wave collapse inward instead of curling into a wave, leaving nowhere to drop in. This leaves something visually similar to a concrete wall. See also Shorepound.

Walter style

 * A reference to a good surfer/lifeguard whose riding style is smooth and relaxed. "He is riding Walter Style."

waxhead

 * Obsolete term for a keen surfer. It comes from the 1960s when boards were heavy solid wood and were carried balanced on the head, wax-side down, getting wax in the surfers hair.

wetsuit

 * A neoprene (rubber) garment used for surfing in winter or when it is cold. Orinially invented by Jack O'Neill, founder of famous surfing brand, O'Neill wetsuits. Also known as a 'wettie' in Australia.

wettie

 * A wetsuit.

wettie warmer

 * Urinating in one's wetsuit. Widely practiced, though it's not a good idea because the chemicals in urine can cause the rubber in a wetsuit to deteriorate more rapidly than normal.  In cold water it helps one feel warmer though.

whack

 * Slang term for a Re-entry. Where maximum spray is thrown out the back of the wave from the vigorous motion of the board hitting the top of the wave.
 * Also known as "Thwack" or "Shwack"

white water

 * A frothy, broken wave.

wipe out

 * Terminating a ride, ungracefully (as in falling off your surfboard!).

yeasty

 * An adjective for the kooks who wear full wetsuits when the water’s not even that cold or just keep them on when they step out the beach and into coffee shops; wetsuits are dark and damp inside, perfect conditions for breeding fungus. See also kook.

Z
Zippers A surf spot

title: Appendix:Glossary of surfing


text:
Appendix:Glossary of theatre

This is a glossary of terms commonly used in theatre.

A

 * ad lib : Acting without having planned what to do or say. Often done to cover up for something having gone wrong or for forgotten lines. Also common in some forms of theatre such as pantomime. Also spelled adlibbing or ad-libbing.

 * against type : Playing a different sort of character than expected. See typecasting.

 * am dram : Amateur dramatics; Non-professional productions.

 * amateur theatre : Non-professional theatre.

 * antagonist : A character that hinders the protagonist from achieving his or her goals.

 * anti-naturalism : An acting style in which the audience is kept aware that they are watching a performance rather than reality. (See Brechtian Acting.)

 * apron : The stage area in front of the proscenium arch.

 * aside : A dramatic technique in which a line is said by one character to him or herself or to the audience. The line is unheard by the other characters onstage.

 * avenue staging : The staging of a performance with the audience placed on two sides, as though the performance space is a street. Also called "alley" or "tennis-court" staging in regional variations.

B

 * beat : The smallest division of action in a play. The length of time necessary for a character to play an "Objective" (also called "Intention" or "Goal") from beginning to end. Also a very short pause.

 * blocking : An actor's movement around a set, or the notations regarding movement in an actor's script. Also for one actor to get between another actor and the audience (see mask).

 * "boards": A slang term for the stage (from the wood plank floor)."Treading the boards."

 * bravo: Acclamation, by the audience, for a fine performance

 * "break a leg": A saying for actors before they go out on stage, meaning "good luck".

 * Brechtian acting : An acting style in which the actors purposely try to alienate the audience from the characters in order to constantly remind them they are watching a play, based on the theories of Bertolt Brecht

C

 * call times : The times at which each individual actor is expected to be at the theater. Call times vary based on the amount of time required to make-up the actor and may be staggered among smaller roles to allow for sharing of dressing room space and/or make up artists.

 * "cans" : A slang term used for communication head-sets used during shows. The head set commonly uses one ear piece and a microphone. these are connected using XLRs in to a separate patch bay, normally next to the sound desk.

 * cast : The actors in a play.

 * casting : The process of choosing the actors for a play.

 * cat-walk : A narrow, often elevated walkway, as on the sides of a bridge or in the flies above a theater stage

 * character actor : An actor or actress who specializes in playing secondary roles. Character parts are not the romantic lead, but the additional funny, scary, or otherwise exaggerated roles.

 * cheating : The practice of turning one's body towards the audience even while keeping the head facing one's scene partner. Cheating is usually necessary for the audience to really see the actors and view the scene.

 * chookas : A term used in Australian theatre (along with the traditional 'break a leg') to wish 'good luck' for a performance.

 * cold reading : A reading from a script or other text without any prior rehearsal, usually in the context of an audition or workshop.

 * community theatre : A performance by amateurs (or unpaid actors) as opposed to professional (paid) theatre. Some community theatre groups actually have registration "fees" that must be paid before rehearsals begin. This is usually to cover the cost of rehearsal space if their sponsoring Theatre does not have space.

 * corpse : To laugh when on stage, as the actor, not the character, would.

 * cover : Another term for Understudy

 * covering : To make up dialogue and or blocking due to a mistake or accident onstage without breaking character.

 * crossing : To move from one point on the stage to another, especially to a diametrically opposed point.

 * cue-to-cue : When the lighting or sound crew runs through each of its cues to check for errors. This is done without actors onstage, or with actors citing only the cues for the tech.

 * curtain call : When the actors come to the front of the stage to bow at the end of a performance.

D

 * death role : A character who dies.

 * deck : Stage area.

 * dialogue : A reciprocal conversation between two or more persons; the speaking lines of a script.

 * digital multiplex : A communications protocol used in stage lighting; may also refer specifically to DMX512 cable

 * director : The person who directs a show. In most cases, the director has the final say on all aspects of the production.

 * distanciation : In Brechtian performance, when actors maintain distance from their character by reminding the audience through often stylized gestures or behavior that they are simply people pretending, instead of trying to identify with their "character".

 * DMX : Digital multiplex.

 * downstage : Toward the front of the stage; in the direction of the audience.

 * dramatist : The author of a play.

 * dramaturge : A theatrical scholar. During production a dramaturge is responsible for historical accuracy, and conforming to the vision of the absent, or deceased, playwright.

 * dress : Dress rehearsal.

 * dress circle : In some theatres, a shallow gallery level above the main seating. In UK proscenium houses, it is a (sometimes large) balcony above the stalls.

 * dress rehearsal : A run-through of the play with all actors wearing full costumes. Generally, dress rehearsals also include full make-up and music (when applicable). It's often the final rehearsal before performance.

 * dry tech : When the running crew practices each scene change without actors onstage. This is done to ensure each scene change can be completed swiftly and quietly.

E

 * emotional memory : In method acting, when an actor attempts to draw upon sense memories causing emotions to match the emotions of their character.

 * exeunt : A stage direction calling for more than one person to exit, from the Latin exire, "to go out." Mostly found in classical plays.

 * exeunt omnes : A stage direction meaning all the cast exit.

 * exit : A stage direction which specifies which person goes off stage.

F

 * final call : The half.

 * fit up : The process of setting up the theatre for the show.

 * fourth wall : An imaginary surface at the edge of the stage through which the audience watches a performance. If a character speaks directly to the audience or walks on/off the stage, this is known as breaking the fourth wall.

 * french scene : A section of a play between any entrance or exit of any character

 * front of house : Services including parking, concessions, ushering, and playbill distributing. Also called Ticketing / Box office.

 * full house : The state of all of the seats being filled; the state of the entire audience section being filled to capacity.

G

 * gallery : The highest section of the theatre; a section at the back or sides without seats where people can stand to watch a performance, usually raised.

 * get in : Fit up; the process of setting up the theatre for the show.

 * ghost : To be used as a singing voice for another actor. (See also, ghost-writer.)

 * ghost light : A light left on the stage overnight and/or when the stage is not in use for safety. It also has superstitious meaning for the run of the play.

 * gods : Gallery.

 * GOTE : An acronym (Goal, Obstacle, Tactics and Expectation) used to remind actors of their most basic work in character development.

H

 * the half : The time before a performance by which all actors must be present in the theatre – traditionally half an hour before curtain up.

 * ham : A bad actor; usually one who overacts or hogs the spotlight. Can be used endearingly to describe rambunctious, but good actors.

 * house : The theatre, the people in the theatre, the audience.

I

 * intention : A single, temporary desire or goal that arises in a character within a scene. (Also called "Objective" and "Goal".)

 * intermission : A break between acts (usually first and second, but some plays have three or more acts).

 * interval : An intermission.

 * improvisation : When an actor who is "in character" makes up action or dialog without prior scripting. (see Ad Libbing and Improvisational theatre.)

 * indicating : Unrealistic or untruthful acting. At its worst it is often associated with acting of the past in which realism was not ubiquitously prized and stereotyped gestures were used to "indicate" emotions rather than actually showing them.

 * issue : To leave the stage.

 * to run Italians : To speak one's lines very fast, either individually or as a cast; thought to assist in committing lines and cues to memory. Also called "speed-through".

J

 * jumper cable : An extension cable with a stagepin head.

L

 * leading lady : The actress playing the largest role in the cast performed by a female (or originally intended for that purpose).

 * leading man : The actor playing the largest role in the cast performed by a male (or originally intended for that purpose).

 * legs : Masking curtains hung vertically and parallel to the sides of the proscenium. Legs define the sides of the performing area and hide offstage areas from the view of the audience.

 * LX : Referring to the lighting department of the crew (lighting designer, head electrician, lighting operator etc).

M

 * manent : Manet.

 * manet : A stage direction calling for a person (or more than one person) to remain on stage as others exit, corresponding to the Latin manent, meaning "they remain."

 * mask : To block another actor, or something worn over the face, sometimes expressing emotion. (See Kabuki.)

 * masking : Drapery or flats used to frame the stage, and stop the audience from seeing the backstage areas.

 * method acting : Acting style in which the ideal of a "true"( or "real") moment or impulse is valued most highly; the actors try to feel the emotions of the character so that the actors' choices and the characters' would be as one---i.e. inevitable. Pioneered by Konstantin Stanislavski, currently taught most formally at The Actor's Studio in Manhattan.  Of note, the American Method acting of the popular imagination was based on an early, incomplete experiment of Stanislavski's. Many if not most modern teachers have moved away  from the original  (Stanislavskian ) "method" as it is truly difficult to teach well, has been altered by many secondary and tertiary disciples in the '60s and '70s to suit personal agendas, and can produce seemingly uninteresting and almost "masturbatory" results in younger actors. Marlon Brando and Dustin Hoffman are perhaps the best examples of masterful methodists who use and discard various parts of many schools of thought to achieve success.

 * monologue : An extended set of lines spoken by one person either directly addressing the audience (as in a soliloquy) or another character (a speech).
 * monotone : When a person speaks with no change in tone.

 * motivation : A character's individual desires or goals which propel them into action ;the driving force of an inciting event that starts a story's progression. Also known as "objective" or "super-objective".

 * mug : To make exaggerated facial gestures in order to draw the audience's attention

O

 * objective : A single, temporary desire or goal that arises in a character within a scene. (Also called "Intention".)

 * obstacle : A force opposing a character's "objective" (or "intention") which gives rise to dramatic tension and conflict.

 * OTT : Over The Top, or over-exaggerating when acting.

 * orchestra : The seats on the lower part of the theatre.

 * orchestra pit : where the musicians play, usually directly in front of the stage, often sunken below the seating sections.

 * omnes : In stage directions, all the cast.

 * outcome : what happens after the character achieves his/her Objectives

P

 * packed house : Full house.

 * parascenium : in a Greek theatre, the wall on either side of the stage, reaching from the back wall to the orchestra.

 * part : A character; the portion of the script intended for one character.

 * parterre : The upper part of the main seating.  Usually behind a cross aisle, and almost always steeper than the lower Orchestra.

 * preferred reading : The interpretation of the script that is stressed by the author or the text itself.

 * promenade : A performance of a play in which the actors and audience occupy the same space, with no distinction between acting area and audience area. The audience is given the freedom to explore the space together with the performance, and there is generally an element of audience interaction in the play.

 * prompt : To tell an actor his next line when he has forgotten it. Also the person whose job it is to do this (also called the prompter). It used to mean the side of the stage where the prompter sat. The other side of the stage was called 'Opposite Prompt' or OP.

 * prop : Property.

 * property : An object used in the play, from the Middle English proppe, meaning a support, not originally related to property as in ownership; does not include scenery or costumes.

 * proscenium : Proscenium arch.

 * proscenium arch : The boundary between the stage and the audience in a conventional theatre; it appears to form an arch over the stage from the audience's point of view. In some cases, it does create an arch over the stage.

 * protagonist : The main character; the hero or heroine.

 * pseudomonologue : When only one half of a dialogue is portrayed, especially either just the questions or the answers, wherein the performer is not directly addressing the audience.

R

 * raked stage : When the set inclines as it goes upstage. Often used in the past (especially in Shakespeare's time) to force the perspective of the stage picture. This has determined the sections of the stage; i.e. "Upstage".

 * read through : A reading of the entire play or act without blocking.

 * rehearsal : Practice of the play.

 * run : Run through.

 * run through : A practice of an entire play or act.

S

 * script : The text of the dialogue and stage directions of a play; to write a play.

 * sense memory : In method acting, when an actor attempts to recall memories of the physical sensations surrounding prior emotions in order to utilize emotional memory.

 * signs of character : The various cues that convey a character's personality, emotion or motivation.

 * signs of performance : An actor's movements, expressions and vocal tones and patterns that contribute to signs of character.

 * site specific : A play which is created or specifically modified to use the character of the performance space to the greatest advantage. Site specific spaces are usually locations which are not normally used for showcasing theatre, but have another primary function (warehouse, mansion, abandoned military bunker, etc).

 * social actor : People who portray themselves in a performance, usually previously known to the audience.

 * sold out : When the number of tickets sold for a performance is equal to or greater than the number of available seats.

 * soliloquy : A monologue spoken by a character to him or herself or the audience to reaveal his or her thoughts.

 * SRO : See "Standing Room Only".

 * stalls : Orchestra.

 * stage direction : In the script of a play, any instruction for the actors, or setting, or character description.

 * stage left : The side of the stage on the left when facing the audience.

 * stage right : The side of the stage on the right when facing the audience.

 * standing ovation : At the end of a performance, when the audience stands and claps, a higher form of praise than normal applause.

 * standing room : A space where people can stand to watch a performance, especially if all the seats are filled. (See Gallery.) Most New York houses count standing room tickets in their house counts.  The Lion King caused quite a stir when it didn't, and boasted more than 100 percent house counts for months.

 * standing room only : Admittance to a performance after all of the seats are filled which requires people to stand to watch.

 * strike : to remove a set piece or from the stage ("Strike that chair.") To "strike the show" is to disassemble the entirety of the set, return all equipment to storage and leave the venue as it was before the show was set up. May be used as a noun to refer to the event at which the show is struck.

 * stock character : A archtypical or stereotyped character, usually originating in Roman comedy and finding its widest expression in Commedia dell'arte. Stock characters continue to be used, however, in one form or another and examples include the lover, crafty servant, the miser, the clown, etc.

 * super : Supernumerary.

 * supernumerary : Extra, walk-on part, most often speaks no words.

 * supporting cast : Actors who are not playing major parts.

T

 * tabs : The curtains separating the stage from the audience.

 * tech : Techie.

 * tech : Technical rehearsal.

 * techie : A general slang term for a member of the technical crew of a show.

 * technical rehearsal : A rehearsal primarily for the purpose of practicing the technical elements of a play, such as lights and sound.

 * theater : Building where acting takes place (also a cinema)

 * theatre : The world of this type of acting, or the world of acting in general; the art itself.

 * theatre in the round : Any theatre where the audience is seated on every side of the stage. (See arena.)

 * thrust : A stage that extends out into the audience, so that the audience is seated on three sides of it.

 * Toi-toi : A term used in Dutch movie, television, theatre or video to wish 'good luck' for a performance.

 * typecast : When an actor becomes associated with only one type of role or character, often based on physical appearance.

U

 * understudy : An actor familiar with another actor's role so that he or she can substitute in an emergency.

 * upstage : Towards the back of the stage; the half of the stage that is farthest from the audience; to outshine another's performance, especially when the other has a larger part or is more well-known. (The third meaning derives from the simplest means of "upstaging" another actor: to walk "upstage" of an actor, thereby forcing the other actor to turn his or her back to the audience while the "upstage" actor can stand full front, facing the audience. For the origin of the former two meanings, see raked stage)

V

 * verisimilitude : The trait of seeming truthful or appearing to be real, from the Latin veri similis, "like the truth."

 * viewpoints : An directing technique championed by Anne Bogart. Originally it was a dance and movement technique extended to apply to the movement of actors and manipulation of a stage image by a director. It was also later extended as an acting technique.

W

 * walkdown : Curtain call.

 * wardrobe : Costumes, or the people responsible for them.

 * wardrobe mistress / master : The person in charge of the costume department.

 * wings : The "backstage" or parts of a stage off to the left and right not seen by the audience.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Appendix:Glossary of theatre


text:
Appendix:English terms for outsiders

This is a list of words meaning outsider, foreigner or "not one of us", used in English language either natively or as a borrowing to refer to national specifics. Though often such words are not used with an intent of disrespect nor contempt, their nature of non-inclusion sometimes makes them offensive terms.

A number of words, such as newbie, epigone, dilettante that have a different meaning of persons with inferior expertise may also be used in the sense of an outsider with respect to a class of "experts".

Similarly, the terms such as plebs, may be used to denote outsiders with respect to "higher social classes".

A–D

 * ajami means "barbarian; non-Arab" in Arabic and acquired the meaning Persian, due to the Persians' lack of fluency in Arabic and because they were the main non-Arab people with whom the Arabs had contact.
 * ajaniib – Arabic for foreigner, said of stateless Kurds in Syria.
 * aglasiew – Mi'kmaq term for Europeans.
 * alien – A general-purpose term; ranging from foreigners to extraterrestrials.
 * ang Mo – A Chinese phrase in the Hokkien dialect meaning "red-haired", said of Caucasians, principally in Maylaysia and Singapore.
 * Ausländer – A German word meaning foreigner or outsider. Literal translation is "Outlander"
 * babylon – The Rastafari movement believes that Babylon "is the historically white-European colonial and imperialist power structure which has oppressed Blacks and other peoples of color".
 * barang – In Cambodia "these days the term barang applies to pretty much anybody white".  Ultimately from European tribal name of Franks, via Arabic;  ; see also the entries for falang, farangi, etc., below.
 * barbarian – Barbaros, a non-Greek in Ancient Greece. The accepted version of the term's origin is that it came "originally from the sound bar-bar which, according to the Greeks, was supposed to be the noise that people made when speaking foreign languages".
 * bideshi – "[T]o denote foreigners in the dialect of Bengali that my family speaks we say bideshi" – desh meaning country; thus Bangladesh is country of the Bengalis . For a similar attestation to the meaning of this word, see.
 * biganeh — Persian, literally meaning unknown. One source states the word is also used to mean eccentric, when applied to "the revolutionary left and the secular right" in Iran . In a widely read translation of a Persian book, That Stranger Within Me: A Foreign Woman Caught in the Iranian Revolution, the word is translated as stranger.
 * boston – Used by indigenous people in the Pacific Northwest to describe any outsider (after the European settlement of the area)
 * breeder – A common English word used in gay slang to describe heterosexuals, particularly those who have children, either jokingly or in a derogatory manner (Ling Liu of the Associated Press at ). The word is also used by childfree people.
 * carpetbagger – Reconstruction-era U.S. South. Primarily used for Northern (US) profiteers following the (US) Civil War.
 * CFA ("come-from-away") – Used in Newfoundland to refer to a tourist.
 * cheechako – Somebody new to Alaska, from Chanook Jargon, a trade language spoken in earlier years in that territory.
 * city slicker – A "city dweller with sophisticated manners and clothing"  . A "person from the big city who thinks country people are dumb" (in Anna on the Farm, by Mary Downing Hahn, page 31. )
 * civil slave – Somebody who belongs to the working class, used as a slang within the Hare Krishna movement.
 * country bumpkin – An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) states the origin of bumpkin is a French word, which an earlier dictionary (Cotgrave, 1610), defined as a certain block of wood used on a sailing vessel. "Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood." Bumpkin is related to boom, a pole.  The poet Washington Irving wrote about bashful country bumpkins in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

E–H

 * english – Amish people refer to the non-Amish as English: "Amish individuals are seldom completely comfortable around non-Amish people, or the 'English' or 'Outsider,' as non-Amish are known to the Amish" – Dr. Joe Wittmer at.
 * erdaldun – Basque language, a speaker of a foreign tongue (usually Spanish or French)
 * falang – Laos – Lao– Foreigner, usually from a European country.
 * farangi – Persia – Persian– a Persian word for foreigner, deriving from Frank, incorporated into Hindi and Thai languages.
 * farang – Thailand – Thai– (An English language magazine by the same name is published there specifically for the expatriate community).
 * firangi – India – – means not of the same color.
 * ferenji – Ethiopia – Foreigner, usually from a European country. Also ferenj.
 * ferenji – Arabic – Foreigner, usually from a European country.
 * flatlander – used by any mountain population to refer to lowlanders.
 * fresh off the boat (sometimes abbreviated as F.O.B. or FOB) is a slang phrase applied to recently arrived foreigners who have settled or are settling in an English-speaking country.
 * gadje, gorgio – Roma people – Romani. Related to the Sanskrit "gajjha", which means civilian.
 * gaijin – Japan – Japanese (although these days gaikokujin is becoming popular because of its "softer" meaning.)
 * gentile – Mormonism – Judaism – Latin.
 * giaour – non-Muslim (infidel)
 * globe-earther, globehead, globetard – flat-earthers
 * goy – Judaism – Hebrew, also Yiddish. Plural Goyim.  The word literally means "a group or nation of people".  Jewish religious tradition refers to the entirety of worldwide Jewry as a nation (Israel).  Members of other religious traditions are therefore members of other nations (goyim).  The word is sometimes mistakenly regarded as pejorative by non-Jews. The Yiddish terms shegetz for a non-Jewish man, particularly a young man, and shiksa for a non-Jewish woman do, however, have a somewhat derogatory etymology.
 * gringo – Latin America, Anglosphere Hispanics – Spanish, Portuguese – a sometimes derogatory term for white-skinned speakers of non-Romance languages or U.S. citizens and other foreigners
 * grockle – South-west England
 * gweilo – Hong Kong – Cantonese
 * haole – Hawaii – Foreigner, also adopted colloquially with the same definition by other indigenous island cultures as far away as Palau
 * hick – Cities

I–L

 * idegen ee-dae-gae-n – Hungarian – foreigner. neutral.
 * illegal alien – USA – a foreigner living in the United States without a U.S. visa
 * infidel – Christianity – Latin
 * inostranets (иностранец) – Russian for those outside the society, local or national. From Russian inoj (иной - different / other) and strana (страна - country).
 * jackeen – Ireland – derogatory term used by Non-Dubliners to describe Dubliners
 * jarawa– Andaman & Nicobar islands, India; reference to a 'primitive' tribe least receptive to 'modernity'; the word means simply 'the others' in the language of the neighbouring Onge tribe
 * kafir – Islam – Arabic; infidel or non-believer in Islam.
 * kaffir used as blanket derogatory term for Black people in South Africa during the Apartheid era.
 * karmi – meaning 'one who wants to enjoy the results of their activity', used as a slang within the Hare Krishna movement.
 * khawagah – Derogatory Egyptian Arabic equivalent for Ajaniib, above.
 * laowai – China
 * life person – term for one who is not a member of the Fellowship of Friends cult.
 * longhair – Beatnik term for classical music fans not hip to jazz.

M–P

 * mayavadi – a person who promotes the philosophy that God is incable of having a form, or is ultimately formless. From the Hare Krishna movement.
 * muggle – originally a non-wizard in the Harry Potter universe; adopted by geocachers and others.
 * mundane – used by members of science fiction fandom for those who aren't involved. It is not derogatory. Also used by people involved in magic and similar esoteric subjects to refer to people or things not involved.  Also, not derogatory.
 * mun – short for "mundane", occasionally used by people with ADHD or Asperger syndrome with the intent of discrediting those who call ADHD and Asperger syndrome neurological 'disorders' similar to calling them "fuddy-duddies"
 * mzungu – means 'white man' in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi
 * neurotypical – sometimes abbreviated "NT" – used by people with autism or Asperger syndrome to denote individuals not on the autism spectrum. Descriptive and not derogatory, used in both ordinary and academic discussions. People with Asperger syndrome, ADHD, etc. are called neurodiverse ("ND").
 * norm – sometimes used by hipsters of various generations to refer to people in the mainstream, as in in the phrase "freaking the norms".
 * n.O.S. – a term from Edwardian England used in the snobbish sense of 'not our sort' as in 'N.O.S., dear'
 * osantasu – Powhatan (extinct language) term for Europeans
 * outlander (Ausländer) – German speaking countries – a foreigner
 * palagi (or palangi) – Samoa – Non-samoans, usually used for white people
 * pākehā – New Zealand – New Zealand English, adapted from Māori
 * paleface – used by Native Americans, usually in Hollywood movies
 * pardesi – India
 * paynim – Crusader term for non-Christians

Q–T

 * strapper – Gloucestershire – outsider, especially outsider coming from a town to the country life of which ignorant and causes trouble pretending to have local concerns
 * ricain – France – Basically means yankee. From American.
 * spailpin (pr. 'spalpeen') – Ireland – original meaning was 'migrant worker', now used as a general insult
 * sasanach – Ireland – original meaning was 'English person'
 * square – Beatnik term for those not hip to jazz.
 * taig/teague – Northern Ireland Protestant – a catholic (derogatory) (from Gaelic given name tadg, of similar pronunciation)
 * textile – nudism

U–Z

 * uitlander – Afrikaans equivalent of 'Outlander' or Dutch "Buitenlander" or German "Ausländer" – a foreigner
 * utböling – Swedish language
 * vanilla – BDSM
 * videshi – India
 * Vlach – Eastern Europe – Slavic languages
 * waiguoren – China, Taiwan
 * weigukin in Korea
 * wetback – Used to describe undocumented Mexicans in the U.S., as if they had swum across the Rio Grande
 * —Welsh – English – Old English
 * wog – British Empire. Reported to be an acronym for "Worthy Oriental Gentleman" (used ironically). Also used by the Church of Scientology to refer to non-Scientologists
 * wop – First used to describe Italians but mainly Mexicans now.
 * Worldly – Used by Jehovah's Witnesses to refer to non-Witnesses.
 * yankee – When spoken by Southerners in the United States, it refers to a person from north of the Mason-Dixon Line. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language says that in this context the word "carries less emotion" than it formerly did. People living in New England call themselves Yankees,  It is also the name of a New York baseball team.
 * zuagroasta — " . . . a foreigner having adapted just fairly to Bavarian culture. . . . whether or not the title of a 'Zuagroasta' is meant detrimentally or in a positive sense, depends on the tone of voice in which it is expressed! Spoken detrimentally signals other aborigines, that the person addressed that way has demonstrated a beginner's level, but is not yet ready for further acceptance. The next rank is the status of a person welcome to Bavaria and eligible for naturalisation to a Bavarian citizen, which means ample integration on a revocable basis." The origin of this word is from Zugereister, below. (Source: Rudi Osler at .)
 * Zugereister – Germany, Austria – German
 * zugezogener – Germany, Austria – German

List by nation, ethnicity or religion

 * Alaska: cheechako
 * Ancient Greece: Barbaroi (Βάρβαροι) → barbarian
 * Amish: english
 * Ancient Arabs: ajami
 * Australia: wog
 * Basque: erdaldun, a speaker of a foreign tongue (usually Spanish or French)
 * Bengali: bideshee
 * Cambodia: barang
 * China: laowai (老外) – See here for more.
 * Christianity: infidel
 * Persian: farangi
 * Japan: gaijin
 * Judaism: gentile, goy
 * German: Ausländer
 * Hawaii: haole
 * Hong Kong: gweilo
 * India: firangi
 * Ireland: jackeen, derogatory term used by non-Dubliners to describe Dubliners; bogger and culchie are used by Dubliners to refer to non-Dubliners, the latter often for people from Cork.
 * Italy: clandestino – illegal, oriundo – citizen of foreign extraction
 * Latin Americans: gringo
 * Lebanese (Levantine Arabic): ajaniib – a non-Lebanese
 * Mormonism: gentile
 * Muslim: infidel
 * New Zealand: pakeha
 * Northern Ireland Protestant (of Catholics) : teague
 * Roma: Gadje or gorgio
 * Romans: barbarus
 * Singapore, Hokkien: ang Mo
 * Thailand, Thai: farang
 * USA: illegal alien, fresh off the boat (fop), wop, wetback

Other

 * alien – a general-purpose term; ranging from foreigners to extraterrestrials
 * Rastafari movement: babylon
 * Cities: hick
 * Countryside: city slicker
 * Island Communities: mainlander is often used on the East Coast by residents of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Deer Island, New Brunswick, Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick or Cape Breton Island. On the West Coast the term is used by people who live on Vancouver Island
 * Military, police, or other uniformed services: civilian
 * Mountain populations: flatlander
 * Reconstruction-era U.S. South: carpetbagger

title: Appendix:English terms for outsiders


text:
low decile

Noun

 * 1) A low socio-economic standing (used particularly in schooling to describe students).

title: low decile


text:
νάρδος

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), possibly from  (although a Semitic-to-Indian loan has also been suggested).

Noun

 * 1) nard plant, spikenard,, muskroot
 * 2) nard oil, a highly prized ointment made from the plant

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) valerian, nard, spikenard.

title: νάρδος


text:
nervine

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement.

Noun

 * 1) A drug or substance that acts upon the nerves.

title: nervine


text:
paipo

Etymology
Coined by the surfer Wallace Froiseth, possibly misheard or misspelled from +.

Noun

 * 1) Any prone-ridden surf-craft that is neither an inflatable mat nor a traditional finless soft bodyboard.

Usage notes

 * The original paipos were finless wooden boards developed in Hawaii. By the 1960s the world of paipo had grown to include small foam/fiberglass bellyboards with surfboard fins. Both types still exist today, though in very small numbers.

title: paipo


text:
geological matrix

Noun

 * 1)  The fine-grained background material in which crystals, pebbles or fossils are embedded in a sedimentary rock

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: matriksi, välimassa
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: geological matrix


text:
party puffer

Noun

 * 1) A cylindrical blowing device that consists of a mouthpiece, which may or may not be a whistle, attached to a coiled tube of paper, given to guests and used at large celebrations especially New Year's Eve, or birthdays. When the mouthpiece is blown into, the paper tube unravels and a humorous festive noise is produced.

title: party puffer


text:
philosopheme

Etymology
Borrowed from the via. The Greek was formed from and the nominalizing suffix.

Noun

 * 1)  A philosophical statement, theorem or axiom.

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: filosofema
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Spanish: filosofema
 * Swedish:

title: philosopheme


text:
pick up stitches

Verb

 * 1)  To add stitches to the knitting needle that were previously bound off, or that belong to the selvage, during the process of knitting or entrelac.

Noun

 * 1) Stitches that were added to the row, during knitting.

title: pick up stitches


text:
playdate

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The occasion of a child having a friend come over to play at their house, traditionally scheduled by both children's parents.
 * 2) Any scheduled recreation, especially if not scheduled by those directly involved.
 * 3) The date of a showing of a film.
 * 1) The date of a showing of a film.
 * 1) The date of a showing of a film.

Translations

 * Danish:
 * Polish:

 * Esperanto: ludotempo
 * French: partie de jeu
 * Japanese: プレイデート

title: playdate


text:
revenue sharing grant

Noun

 * 1)  Federal grants distributing a portion of federal tax revenues to state and municipal governments.

title: revenue sharing grant


text:
Ronbot

Noun

 * 1)  A follower of Scientology with a strict or robotic adherence to its teachings.

title: Ronbot


text:
Sahar

Etymology
Of or  origin. In Persian,. (In Hebrew, .)

Proper noun

 * , used in Arabic countries, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

title: Sahar


text: scrumtrelescent

title: scrumtrelescent


text:
serial interval

Noun

 * 1)  In epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases, the time period between the onset of symptoms with the primary patient and the onset of symptoms with the secondary patient (infected by primary).

title: serial interval


text:
shifta

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  outlaw, bandit

Noun

 * 1) dictation

Etymology
From.

Noun
or

 * 1)  outlaw, bandit

title: shifta


text:
stair railings

Noun

 * 1) The angled part of a staircase used for handholding. Usually on both sides of the staircase, sometimes it is put only on one side.
 * The international building code mandates a standard minimum height for stair railings.

title: stair railings


text:
sugar coated

Adjective

 * 1)   (altered to seem better than it really is, made more attractive.)

title: sugar coated


text:
talent management

Etymology
This expression gained popularity in the late 1990's as technology companies engaged in a 'war for talent'. McKinsey and company coined the term 'war for talent' following a 1997 study and then it was the title of a book by Ed Michaels, Helen Handfield-Jones, and Beth Axelrod.

Noun

 * 1)  Human capital management of the entire employee lifecycle. Companies that are engaged in talent management are strategic and deliberate in how they source, attract, select, train, develop, promote, and move employees through the organization. This term also incorporates how companies drive performance at the individual level (performance management).

title: talent management


text:
Appendix:Glossary of textile manufacturing terms

The manufacture of textiles is one of humanity's oldest technologies. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. (Both fibre and fiber are used in this article.) The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of colouring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. For more information of the various steps, see textile manufacturing.

A

 * absorbency
 * A measure of how much water a fabric can absorb.

 * acetate
 * Acetate is a synthetic fiber.

 * acrylic
 * Acrylic fiber is a synthetic polymer fiber that contains at least 85% acrylonitrile.

 * Aida cloth
 * Aida cloth is a coarse open-weave fabric traditionally used for cross-stitch.

 * alnage
 * Alnage is the official supervision of the shape and quality of manufactured woolen cloth.

 * alpaca
 * Alpaca is a name given to two distinct things. It is primarily a term applied to the wool of the Peruvian alpaca. It is, however, more broadly applied to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca fiber but now frequently made from a similar type of fiber.

 * angora
 * Angora refers to the hair of either the angora goat or the angora rabbit, or the fabric made from angora rabbit; see angora wool. (Fabric made from angora goat is mohair.)

 * angora wool
 * Angora wool is a generic term for either mohair if the hair is from an angora goat or angora fabric if the hair is from an angora rabbit.

 * applique
 * Applique is a technique in which pieces of fabric are sewn onto a foundation piece of fabric to create designs.

 * aramid
 * Aramid fiber is a fire-resistant and strong synthetic fiber.

 * argyle
 * An argyle pattern is one containing diamonds in a sort of diagonal checkerboard pattern.

B

 * backstrap loom
 * Backstrap looms, as the name implies, are tied around the weaver's waist on one end and around a stationary object such as a tree, post, or door on the other. Tension can be adjusted simply by leaning back. Backstrap looms are very portable, since they can simply be rolled up and carried.

 * baize
 * Baize is a coarse woollen or cotton cloth, often coloured red or green.

 * ballistic nylon
 * Ballistic nylon is a thick, tough synthetic fabric used for a variety of applications.

 * batik
 * Batik is an Indonesian-Malay word and refers to a generic wax-resist dyeing technique used on fabric.

 * Bedford cord
 * Combination of two kinds of weave, namely plain and drill.

 * bias
 * The bias direction of a piece of woven fabric, usually referred to simply as the bias, is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads. Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, perpendicular to each other.

 * binding
 * In sewing, binding is used as both a noun and a verb to refer to finishing a seam or hem of a garment, usually by rolling or pressing then stitching on an edging or trim.

 * blend
 * A blend is a fabric or yarn made up of more than one type of fiber.

 * bobbin lace
 * Bobbin lace is a delicate lace that uses wound spools of thread (the bobbins) to weave together the shapes in the lace.

 * bobbinet
 * Bobbinet is a tulle netting with hexagonal shaped holes, traditionally used as a base for embroidery and lingerie.

 * bombazine
 * Bombazine is a fabric originally made of silk or silk and wool, and now also made of cotton and wool or of wool alone. It is twilled or corded and used for dress-material.

 * braid
 * To braid is to interweave or twine three or more separate strands of one or more materials in a diagonally overlapping pattern.

 * broadcloth
 * Broadcloth is material of superior quality.

 * brocade
 * Brocade is a thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven.

 * buckram
 * Buckram is a stiff cloth, made of cotton or linen, which is used to cover, and protect, a book, and although is more expensive than its look-a-like, Brella, is stronger and resistant to cockroaches eating it. Buckram can also be used to stiffen clothes.

 * burlap
 * Burlap is a type of cloth often used for sacks.

C

 * calico
 * Calico is a type of fabric made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. Also referred to a type of printing.

 * cambric
 * Cambric is a lightweight cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework.

 * camel's hair
 * Camel's hair is a natural fiber from the camel. Camel hair can produce a variety of different coarseness of yarn. This fiber is a novelty fiber spun by hand-spinners.

 * canvas
 * Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, and other functions where sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used on fashion handbags.

 * canvas work
 * Canvas work is embroidery on canvas.

 * carding
 * Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed fibers to prepare them as textiles.

 * carpet
 * A carpet is any loom-woven, felted textile or grass floor covering.

 * cashmere
 * Cashmere is wool from the Cashmere goat.

 * cellulose
 * Cellulose is a fiber processed to make cellophane and rayon, and more recently modal, a textile derived from beechwood cellulose.

 * cheesecloth
 * Cheesecloth is a loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds.

 * chiffon
 * Chiffon is a sheer fabric made of silk or rayon.

 * chino cloth
 * Chino cloth is a kind of twill fabric, usually made primarily from cotton.

 * chintz
 * Chintz is calico cloth printed with flowers and other devices in different colors. It was originally of Eastern manufacture.

 * coir
 * Coir is a coarse fibre extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut.

 * colorfast
 * A term used to describe whether the colors bleed or not in washing.

 * cord
 * Cord is twisted fibre, usually intermediate between rope and string. It is also used as a shortened form of corduroy.

 * corduroy
 * Corduroy is a durable cloth.

 * cotton
 * Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fibre is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile.

 * crape
 * Crape is a silk fabric of a gauzy texture, having a peculiar crisp or crimpy appearance.

 * crazy quilting
 * Crazy quilting is often used to refer to the textile art of patchwork and is sometimes used interchangeably with that term.

 * crinoline
 * Crinoline was originally a stiff fabric with a weft of horse hair and a warp of cotton or linen thread. The fabric first appeared around 1830.

 * cross-stitch
 * Cross-stitch is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches are used to form a picture.

 * crochet
 * Crochet is the process of creating fabric from a length of cord, yarn, or thread with a hooked tool.

 * crochet hook
 * A crochet hook is a type of needle, usually with a hook at one end, used to draw thread through knotted loops.

 * cro-hook
 * The cro-hook is a special double-ended crochet hook used to make double-sided crochet. Because the hook has two ends, two colours of thread can be handled at once and freely interchanged.

D

 * damask
 * Damask is a fabric of silk, wool, linen, cotton, or synthetic fibers, with a pattern formed by weaving. Today, it generally denotes a linen texture richly figured in the weaving with flowers, fruit, forms of animal life, and other types of ornament.

 * darning mushroom
 * A darning mushroom is a tool which can be used for darning clothes, particularly socks. The sock can be stretched over the top of the (curved) mushroom, and gathered-tightly-around the stalk.

 * denim
 * Denim denotes a rugged cotton twill textile.

 * dimity
 * Dimity is a lightweight, sheer cotton fabric having at least two warp threads thrown into relief to form fine cords.

 * dobby loom
 * Dobby loom is a loom in which each harness can be manipulated individually. This is in contrast to a treadle loom, where the harnesses are attached to a number of different treadles depending on the weave structure.

 * double weave
 * Double weave is a type of advanced weave. Double weave is another type of advanced weaving. It is done by interlacing two or more sets of warps with two or more sets of filling yarns.

 * dowlas
 * Dowlas is the name given to a plain cloth, similar to sheeting, but usually coarser.

 * durability
 * how durable a fabric or yarn is.

 * dye
 * Dye is used to color fabric. There are two main types: Natural dyes, and synthetic dyes. The process is called dyeing.

E

 * elasticity

 * embroidery
 * Embroidery is an ancient variety of decorative needlework in which designs and pictures are created by stitching strands of some material on to a layer of another material.

 * epingle
 * A type of velvet fabric woven on a wire loom or épinglé loom. The épinglé velvet is specific by the fact that both loop pile and cut pile can be integrated into the same fabric. The art of épinglé weaving in Europe originates from Lucca (Italy) and later Venice and Genua. Actually the term 'Genua velvet' is still in use. The Flemish region of Kortrijk and Waregem (Belgium) is the area where upon today the technique of épinglé weaving is still very actual. The fabric finds it application mostly in upholstery, although in medieval times is was used as apparel for princes and kings as well as for bishops, cardinals and the pope.

 * even-weave / evenweave
 * Even-weave fabric is used in counted-thread embroidery and is characterized by warp and weft threads of the same size.

 * eyelet
 * Grommets and eyelets are metal, plastic, or rubber rings that are inserted into a hole made through another material. They may be used to reinforce the hole, to shield something from the sharp edges of the hole, or both.

F

 * felt
 * Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibers. The fibers form the structure of the fabric.

 * felting
 * The process of making felt is called felting.

 * fiber / fibre
 * Fiber is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to pieces of thread. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. They can be spun into filaments, thread, or rope. They can be used as a component of composite materials. They can also be matted into sheets to make products such as paper or felt.

 * filament
 * A filament is a fine, thinly spun thread, fiber, or wire.

 * filling
 * See weft.

 * fishnet
 * Fishnet is a material with an open, diamond shaped knit.

 * flannel
 * Flannel is a cloth that is commonly used to make clothing and bedsheets. It is usually made from either wool, wool and cotton, or wool and synthetic fabric.

 * flax
 * Flax fiber is soft, lustrous and flexible. It is stronger than cotton fiber but less elastic. The best grades are used for linen fabrics such as damasks, lace and sheeting. Coarser grades are used for the manufacturing of twine and rope.

 * fulling
 * Fulling is a step in clothmaking which involves the cleansing of cloth (particularly wool) to get rid of oils, dirt, and other impurities.

 * fustian
 * Fustian is a term for a variety of heavy woven cotton fabrics, chiefly prepared for menswear.

G

 * gabardine
 * Gabardine is a tough, tightly woven fabric often used to make suits, overcoats and trousers. The fibre used to make the fabric is traditionally worsted (a woolen yarn), but may also be cotton, synthetic or mixed. The fabric is smooth on one side and has a diagonally ribbed surface on the other.

 * gauge
 * A gauge is a set number of rows per inch (in knitting) or the thread count of a woven fabric that helps the knitter determine whether they have the right size knitting needles or a weaver if the cloth is tight enough.

 * Gante
 * Gante is a cloth made from cotton or tow warp and jute weft. It is largely used for bags for sugar and similar material, and has the appearance of a fine hessian cloth.

 * gauze
 * A very light, sheer, fine woven fabric.

 * Genova velvet
 * A type of velvet where in Jacquard patterns are woven into the ground fabric and where the pile is made of a combination of cut and uncut (loop) pile. This fabric is also known as Venetian velvet, or more generally, as épinglé velvet. In the actual terminology of furnishing fabrics it is mostly named with its French name velours de Gêne.
 * This kind of fabric is made on a wire loom or épinglé loom.

 * geotextile
 * A geotextile is a synthetic permeable textile.

 * gingham
 * Gingham is a fabric made from dyed cotton yarn.

 * Glass fiber
 * Fiberglass is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. It is widely used in the manufacture of insulation and textiles.

 * gossamer
 * A gossamer is a very light, sheer, gauze-like fabric, popular for white wedding dresses and decorations.

 * grogram
 * Grogram is a coarse fabric of silk mixed with wool or with mohair and often stiffened with gum.

H

 * hem
 * To hem a piece of cloth (in sewing), a garment worker folds up a cut edge, folds it up again, and then sews it down. The process of hemming thus completely encloses the cut edge in cloth, so that it cannot ravel.
 * A hem is also the edge of cloth hemmed in this manner.

 * hemp
 * The main uses of hemp fibre are rope, sacking, carpet, nets and webbing. Hemp is also being used in increasing quantities in paper manufacturing. The cellulose content is about 70%.

 * huckaback
 * Huckaback is a type of coarse absorbent cotton or linen fabric used for making towels.

I

 * ikat
 * Ikat is a style of weaving that uses a tie-dye process on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design. A double ikat is when both the warp and the weft are tie-dyed before weaving.

 * intarsia
 * Intarsia is a knitting technique used to create patterns with multiple colours.

 * interfacing
 * Interfacing is a common term for a variety of materials used on the unseen or "wrong" side of fabrics in sewing.

J

 * jacquard

 * Jacquard loom
 * The Jacquard loom was the first machine to use punch cards. It uses punched cards to control the pattern being woven. It is a form of dobby loom, where individual harnesses can be raised and lowered independently.

 * jamdani
 * Jamdani is a kind of fine cloth made in Bangladesh.

 * jute
 * Jute is a long, soft, shiny plant fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres, and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses. Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin.

K

 * knit fabrics
 * Knit fabrics are fabrics that were produced through the process of knitting.

 * knitting needle gauge
 * A knitting needle gauge makes is used to determine the size of a knitting needle. Some also double for crochet hooks. Most needles come with the size written on the needle, but many needles (like double-pointed needles) tend to not be labeled. Also, with wear and time the label often wears off. Needle gauges can be made of any material, and are often made for metal and plastic. They tend to be about 3 by 5 inches. They contain holes of various sizes, and often have a ruler along the edge for determining the gauge of a sample.

L

 * lace
 * Lace-making is an ancient craft. A lace fabric is lightweight openwork fabric, patterned, either by machine or by hand, with open holes in the work. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often lace is built up from a single thread and the open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric.

 * lamé
 * Lamé is a type of brocaded clothing fabric with inwoven metal threads, typically of gold or silver, giving it a metallic sheen.

 * lawn
 * Lawn is a fine linen or cotton cloth.

 * linen
 * Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen produced in Ireland is called Irish linen. Linens are fabric household goods, such as pillowcases and towels.

 * lining

 * loden
 * Loden is water-resistant material for clothing made from sheep wool.

 * loom
 * The loom is a machine used for weaving fabric.

 * lucet
 * Lucet is a method of cordmaking or braiding which is believed to date back to the Viking era. Lucet cord is square, strong, and slightly springy. It closely resembles knitted I-cord or the cord produced on a knitting spool. Lucet cord is formed by a series of loops, and will therefore unravel if cut.

M

 * macrame / macramé
 * Macrame is a form of textile-making using knotting rather than weaving or knitting. Its primary knots are the square knot and forms of hitching (full hitch and double half hitches).

 * mercerize
 * Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread mostly employed to give cotton a lustrous appearance.

 * merino
 * Merino is the Spanish name for a breed of sheep, and hence applied to a woolen fabric.

 * mesh
 * A mesh is similar to fabric or a web in that it has many connected or weaved pieces. In clothing, a mesh is often defined as fabric that has a large number of closely-spaced holes, such as is common practice for modern sports jerseys.

 * metallic fiber
 * Metallic fibers are fibers used in textiles which are either composed of metal, or fibers of other materials with a metal coating. Their uses include decoration and the reduction of static electricity.

 * microfibre
 * Microfibre is a term for fibres with strands thinner than one denier. Fabrics made with microfibres are exceptionally soft and hold their shape well.

 * millinery
 * Millinery is women's hats and other articles sold by a milliner, or the profession or business of designing, making, or selling hats for women.

 * mohair
 * Mohair is a silk-like fabric made from the hair of the angora goat. It is durable, light and warm, although some people find it uncomfortably itchy.

 * mungo
 * Fibrous woollen material generated from waste fabric, particularly tightly woven cloths and rags. See also: shoddy.

 * muslin
 * Muslin is a type of finely-woven cotton fabric, introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 17th century. It was named for the city where it was first made, Mosul in what is now Iraq.

N

 * nainsook
 * Nainsook is a fine, soft muslin fabric, often to used to make babies clothing.

 * nap
 * Nap is a sewing term for the raised surface of certain cloth, such as flannel.

 * needlepoint
 * Needlepoint is a form of canvas work created on a mesh canvas. The stitching threads used may be wool, silk, or rarely cotton. Stitches may be plain, covering just one mesh intersection with a single orientation, or fancy, such as Bargello. Plain stitches, known as tent stitches, may be worked as basketweave or half cross.

 * needlework
 * Needlework is another term for the handicraft of decorative sewing and textile arts. Anything that uses a needle for construction can be called needlework.

 * net
 * Net is a device made by fibers woven in a grid-like structure, as in fishing net, a soccer goal, a butterfly net, or the court divider in tennis

 * nonwoven fabric
 * Non-woven textiles are those which are neither woven nor knit, for example felt. Non-wovens are typically not strong (unless reinforced by a backing), and do not stretch. They are cheap to manufacture.

 * novelty yarn

 * nylon
 * Nylon is a synthetic polymer, a plastic. Nylon fibres are used to make many synthetic fabrics and women's stockings.

O

 * oilcloth
 * Oilcloth is a kind of cloth with a permeable painting oil or paint surface.

 * organdy

 * organza

P

 * paisley
 * Paisley is a droplet-shaped vegetal motif, similar to half of the T'ai Chi symbol, the Indian bodhi tree leaf, or the mango tree. The design originated in India and spread to Scotland when British soldiers brought home cashmere shawls.

 * patchwork
 * Patchwork is a form of needlework or craft that involves sewing together small pieces of fabric and stitching them together into a larger design, which is then usually quilted, or else tied together with pieces of yarn at regular intervals, a practice known as tying. Patchwork is traditionally 'pieced' by hand, but modern quiltmakers often use a sewing machine instead.

 * percale
 * Percale refers to a closely woven, high thread count, cotton fabric often used for sheets and clothing.

 * Persian weave
 * Persian weave is a method of weave used in jewelry and other art forms.

 * pile knit

 * pile weave

 * pill

 * plaid
 * Plaid is a Scots word meaning blanket, usually referring to patterned woollen cloth

 * plain weave

 * plied yarn
 * Plied yarn is yarn that has been plied, with the process called plying.

 * plush
 * Plush is a fabric having a cut nap or pile the same as fustian or velvet.

 * polyester
 * Polyester is a synthetic fiber.

 * poplin
 * Poplin is a heavy, durable fabric that has a ribbed appearance. It is made with wool, cotton, silk, rayon, or any mixture of these. The ribs run across the fabric from selvage to selvage. They are formed by using coarse filling yarns in a plain weave.

 * purl stitch
 * A commonly used stitch in knitting.

Q

 * qalamkari
 * Qalamkari is a type of hand-painted or block-printed textile, produced in various places in India.

 * qiviut
 * Qiviut is the wool of the musk ox.

 * quilt
 * Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating batting in between. A bed covering or similar large rectangular piece of quilting work is called a quilt.

R

 * rayon
 * Rayon is a transparent fibre made of processed cellulose. Cellulose fibres from wood or cotton are dissolved in alkali to make a solution called viscose, which is then extruded through a nozzle, or spinneret, into an acid bath to reconvert the viscose into cellulose. A similar process, using a slit instead of a hole, is used to make cellophane.

 * rib knit

 * rib weave

 * rolag
 * A rolag is a loose woolen roll of fibers that results from using handcards.

 * roving
 * A roving is along rope of fibers where all of the fibers are going parallel to the roving.

 * rug
 * A rug is a form of carpet. It is usually smaller than a carpet.

S

 * sailcloth

 * sateen
 * Sateen is a fabric formed with a satin weave using short-staple yarns such as cotton.

 * satin
 * Satin is a cloth that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back.

 * satin weave
 * A satin is a weaving technique that forms a minimum number of interlacings in a fabric. If a fabric is formed with a satin weave using filament fibers such as silk or nylon, the corresponding fabric is termed a "satin." If the yarns used are short-staple yarns such as cotton, the fabric formed is considered a "sateen."

 * seam
 * A seam, in sewing, is the line where two pieces of fabric are held together by thread.

 * seam ripper
 * A seam ripper is a small tool used for unpicking stitches.

 * selvage / selvedge
 * The woven edge portion of a fabric parallel to the warp is called selvage.

 * serge
 * Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, great and trench coats. Its counterpart, silk serge, is used for linings. French serge is a softer, finer variety. The word is also used for a high quality woolen woven.

 * serging
 * Serging is a sewing term, the binding off of an edge of cloth.

 * sewing
 * Sewing is an ancient craft involving the stitching of cloth, leather, animal skins, furs, or other materials, using needle and thread. Its use is nearly universal among human populations and dates back to Paleolithic times (30,000 BC). Sewing predates the weaving of cloth.

 * shag
 * Shag is typically used to make a deep-pile carpets. This is the oldest use of the term. Shag carpet is sometimes evoked as an example of the aesthetic from the culture of the United States 1970s. Also used to make carpets for mariners.

 * shed
 * In weaving, the shed is the gap between yarns on a loom when one or more, but not all, of the harnesses are raised.

 * sheer
 * Sheer is a semi-transparent and flimsy cloth.

 * shoddy
 * Recycled or remanufactured wool which is of inferior quality compared to the original wool. Historically generated from loosely woven materials. Process invented by T.D.Lamb in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire. See also: mungo.

 * shuttle
 * A shuttle in weaving is a device used with a loom that is thrown or passed back and forth between the threads of the warp in order to weave in the weft.

 * silk
 * Silk is a natural protein fiber that can be woven into textiles. It is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm larva, in the process known as sericulture, which kills the larvae. The shimmering appearance for which it is prized comes from the fibres triangular prism-like structure, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles.

 * sisal
 * Sisal or sisal hemp is an agave Agave sisalana that yields a stiff fiber used in making rope. (The term may refer either to the plant or the fiber, depending on context.) It is not really a variety of hemp, but named so because hemp was for centuries a major source for fiber, so other fibers were sometimes named after it.

 * skein

 * spandex
 * Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (stretchability). It is stronger and more durable than rubber, its major plant competitor. It was invented in 1959 by DuPont, and when first introduced it revolutionized many areas of the clothing industry.

 * spinning
 * Spinning is the process of creating yarn (or thread, rope, cable) from various raw fiber materials.

 * staple
 * Staple is the raw material, or its length and quality, of fiber from which textiles are made.

 * super
 * The Super grading system is used to grade the quality of wool fabric. The higher the number, the more yarn is packed in per square inch, therefore all things being equal a super 120’s yarn is better than super 100’s.

T

 * tablet weaving
 * Tablet weaving is a process of weaving where tablets, also called 'cards', are used to create the shed the weft is passed through. It is generally used to make narrow work such as belts or straps.

 * Tactel
 * Tactel is the brand name of a man-made fibre made from nylon.

 * taffeta
 * Taffeta is a type of fabric, often used for fancy dresses.

 * tapestry
 * Tapestry is a form of textile art. It is woven by hand on a weaving loom. The chain thread is the carrier in which the coloured striking thread is woven. In this way, a colourful pattern or image is created. Most weavers use a naturally based chain thread made out of linen or wool. The striking threads can be made out of silk, wool, gold or silver, but can also be made out of any form of textile.

 * tarlatan
 * Tarlatan is a starched, open-weave fabric, much like cheesecloth. It is used to wipe the ink off a plate during the intaglio inking process. The open weave allows for the tarlatan to pick up a large quantity of ink. The stiffness imparted by the starch helps prevent the fabric from taking the ink out of the incised lines.

 * tassel
 * A tassel is a ball-shaped bunch of plaited or otherwise entangled threads from which at one end protrudes a cord on which the tassel is hung, and which may have loose, dangling threads at the other end.

 * tatting
 * Tatting is a technique for handcrafting lace that can be documented approximately to the early 19th century.

 * terry cloth
 * Terry cloth is a type of cloth with loops sticking out. Most bath towels are examples of terry cloth.

 * thimble
 * A thimble is a protective shield worn on the finger or thumb.

 * threads per inch (TPI)
 * Threads per inch is the measurement of the number of threads in a square inch of fabric.

 * tissue
 * Tissue is a fine woven fabric or gauze.

 * trim
 * Trim or trimming in clothing and home decorating is applied ornament such as gimp, passementerie, ribbon, ruffles, or, as a verb, to apply such ornament.

 * tulle
 * Tulle is a netting, which is often starched, made of various fibers, including silk, nylon, and rayon, that is most commonly used for veils, gowns (particularly wedding gowns) and ballet tutus.

 * tweed
 * Tweed is a type of fabric using the twill weave.

 * twill tape
 * Twill tape is a flat twill-woven ribbon of cotton, linen, polyester, or wool.

 * twill
 * Twill is a type of fabric woven with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. It is made by passing the weft threads over one warp thread and then under two or more warp threads. Examples of twill fabric are gabardine, tweed and serge.

V

 * velour
 * Velour is a textile, a knitted counterpart of velvet.

 * It combines the stretchy properties of knits such as spandex with the rich appearance and feel of velvet.

 * velvet
 * Velvet is a type of tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, giving it its distinct feel. Velvet can be made from any fiber. It is woven on a special loom that weaves two piece of velvet at the same time. The two pieces are then cut apart and the two lengths of fabric are wound on separate take-up rolls.

 * velveteen
 * Velveteen is a cotton cloth made in imitation of velvet. The term is sometimes applied to a mixture of silk and cotton. Some velveteens are a kind of fustian, having a rib of velvet pile alternating with a plain depression. The velveteen, trade varies a good deal with the fashions that control the production of velvet.

W

 * warp
 * The warp is the set of lengthwise threads attached to a loom before weaving begins, and through which the weft is woven.

 * warp knit
 * Knit fabric in which intermeshing loops are positioned in a lengthwise, or warp, direction. The fabric has a flatter, closer, less elastic structure than most weft knits and is run-resistant.

 * waterproof
 * Waterproof is a descriptor of textiles that resist water (do not allow it to soak through).

 * water-repellent
 * Water repellent is a descriptor of textiles that repel water.

 * weaving
 * Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn made of fibre called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. This cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including tapestries.

 * weft
 * The weft is the yarn that is woven back and forth through the warp to make cloth.

 * weft knit

 * Wilton carpet
 * Wilton carpet is produced on a specific type of weaving machine called wire loom. Wilton carpets are pile carpets whereby the pile is formed by inserting steel rods in the pile warps of the fabric. After extraction of the rods the pile is looped (in case straight wires have been used) or cut (in case cutting wires are used). Wilton carpet is generally considerd as high quality and is used for heavy duty applications.

 * wire loom
 * Weaving machine for pile fabrics or velvets whereby the pile is made by weaving steel rods or wires into the fabrics. When the wires are extracted the warp ends that have been woven over the wires remain as loops on top of the fabric or will form cut pile if the wire is equipped with a cutting blade. This technique is also know as "épinglé weaving". A wire loom in a much wider version (up to 5 meters of width) and in heavier construction is used for the manufacturing of carpets is called a "WILTON" loom, and the carpets made on such a loom are known as "Wilton carpets".

 * woof
 * The woof is the same thing as the weft.

 * wool
 * Wool is the fiber derived from the hair of domesticated animals, usually sheep.

 * woolen
 * Woolen is the name of a yarn and cloth usually made from wool.

 * worst
 * Worsted describes yarn and cloth usually made from wool. The yarn is well twisted and spun of long staple wool (though nowadays also medium and short fibres are used). The wool is combed so that the fibres lie parallel.

 * woven fabric
 * A woven is a cloth formed by weaving. It only stretches in the bias directions (between the warp and weft directions), unless the threads are elastic. Woven cloth usually frays at the edges, unless measures are taken to counter this, such as the use of pinking shears or hemming.

Y

 * yarn
 * Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving and ropemaking. Yarn can be made from any number of synthetic or natural fibers.

Z

 * zibeline
 * Zibeline is a thick, soft fabric with a long nap.


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Appendix:English terms for religious opponents

There are a number of words to denote religious opponents that bear specific meanings in particular contexts. Many of these words may be used in pejorative sense, as a token of religious intolerance.

Terms with meanings of "renegade" or "opponent"

 * antichrist
 * apostate
 * heretic
 * Rafidha (see Rafida for the meaning)
 * schismatic
 * Formerly, the word pervert meant one who changed to an erroneous religion (in the 20th century it came to mean a sexual pervert).

Terms that mean "not of our religion"

 * heathen (not a Christian)
 * infidel (not a Christian or not a Muslim)
 * kafir (a person who is not a Muslim)
 * pagan (not of monotheistic religion)
 * gentile (not a Jew; not a Mormon)
 * goy (not a Jew)
 * Yavanas/Mleccha(outsiders, Not a Hindu)
 * English (not Amish)

Those who deny, oppose or restrict the influence of religion

 * agnostic
 * atheist
 * laicist
 * secularist


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overused

Adjective

 * 1) used too much, or too often
 * 2)  hackneyed or clichéd

Translations

 * French:
 * Swedish: överanvänd

 * French:
 * Swedish:, uttjatad

title: overused


text: DOMS

title: DOMS


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bone scan

Noun

 * 1)  An X-ray of bone taken after injection of radioactive material that accumulates there and reveals its structure.

title: bone scan


text: tottakai

title: tottakai


text:
dorsiflex

Alternative forms

 * dorsiflect

Verb

 * 1) To flex a limb in a dorsal direction.

title: dorsiflex


text:
totta kai

Adverb

 * 1) certainly, of course

title: totta kai


text:
overstride

Verb

 * 1)  to run or walk with an overly long stride
 * 2)  to stride (or to stand) over something
 * 3)  to excel or surpass
 * 1)  to excel or surpass

Noun

 * 1) An overly long stride.

title: overstride


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footstrike

Noun

 * 1) The action of the foot striking the ground when walking or running.

title: footstrike


text:
buddleia

Etymology
From 🇨🇬, after English naturalist (died 1715).

Noun

 * 1) A tree or shrub of the genus, especially , a large ornamental shrub whose lilac flowers attract butterflies.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Quechua: qulli

title: buddleia


text:
villasukka

Noun

 * 1)  woolen sock
 * 2)  any cold-weather sock

title: villasukka