text:
Appendix:Bangala Swadesh list

List

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Appendix:Bangala Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Bashkir Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Bashkir Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Basque Swadesh list

Spanish loanwords have been labeled as (Sp.).

List
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, number agreement, case declensions), the orthography is the following :
 * Orthography :
 * verbs : "Dictionary form" (past participle/imperative)
 * other words : uninflected

title: Appendix:Basque Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Belarusian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Belarusian Swadesh list


text:
biotag

Noun

 * 1) A small radio or optical telemetry transmitter used in wildlife ecology

Verb

 * 1) To attach such a device to an animal

title: biotag


text:
bluewash

Verb

 * 1)  To use a blue paint or glaze.
 * 2)  To tout a business or organization's commitment to social responsibility, and to use this perception for public relations and economic gain; to present a humanitarian front in this manner.
 * 3) * 2006. William S. Laufer. Corporate Bodies and Guilty Minds: The Failure of Corporate Criminal Liability, page 164:
 * Corporations ...bluewash by suggesting ethical leadership and affiliating with the United Nations.

Related terms

 * redwash

Noun

 * 1) A wash of blue paint or glaze.
 * beautified with bluewash.

title: bluewash


text:
brachialgia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pain in the arm

Translations

 * Portuguese: braquialgia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  brachial neuralgia

title: brachialgia


text: Appendix:Breton Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Breton Swadesh list


text:
bromidrosis

Noun

 * 1)  Fetid or foul-smelling perspiration.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : fetid or foul-smelling perspiration.

title: bromidrosis


text: Appendix:Bulgarian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Bulgarian Swadesh list


text:
aisle

Etymology
From, from (Modern 🇨🇬), from.

Noun

 * 1) A wing of a building, notably in a church separated from the nave proper by piers.
 * 2) A clear path through rows of seating.
 * 3) A clear corridor in a supermarket with shelves on both sides containing goods for sale.
 * 4) Any path through an otherwise obstructed space.
 * 5)  Seat in public transport, such as a plane, train or bus, that's beside the aisle.
 * Do you want to seat window or aisle?
 * 1)  An idiomatic divide between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, who are said to be on two sides of the aisle.
 * 2) The path of a wedding procession in a church or other venue;  marriage.
 * Do you want to seat window or aisle?
 * 1)  An idiomatic divide between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, who are said to be on two sides of the aisle.
 * 2) The path of a wedding procession in a church or other venue;  marriage.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician: deambulatorio
 * German:
 * Irish: taobhroinn
 * Italian:, navata laterale,
 * Macedonian: ко́раб
 * Polish: nawa boczna
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: бокови́й неф

 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: pasadoiro
 * German:
 * Irish: taobhroinn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Maori: kauhanganui
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Sardinian: passadissu
 * Slovene: prehod
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: прохід
 * Welsh:

 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, hyllyväli
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ред
 * Maori: kauhanganui
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: прохі́д

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Galician:, ozca, caneiro, engrobia
 * German: ,
 * Italian:, passaggio obbligato
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene: prehod
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: прохі́д

 * Finnish:
 * French:, côté couloir
 * Italian:
 * Turkish: koridor kenarı

 * Japanese:

Etymology
From, from with the addition of an unetymological.

Noun

 * 1) wing anatomical structure of flying animals

title: aisle


text: bullet-proof

title: bullet-proof


text:
Cabriole leg

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) In furniture design, a curved leg with outcurved knee and incurved ankle. A signature design element of the Queen Anne style of furniture, the cabriole predates both 18th century England and Italy. The style originated in Italy and is a conventionalized representation of the rear leg of a leaping goat.

title: Cabriole leg


text:
cafetorium

Etymology
(originated 1950–55)

Noun

 * 1) A large room, usually in a school, used as both a cafeteria and an auditorium.

title: cafetorium


text: Appendix:Cantonese Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Cantonese Swadesh list


text:
carruca

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A heavy wheeled  used during the Middle Ages.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  coach, carriage

Etymology
From, probably from.

Noun

 * 1) A chariot.
 * 2) A coach, carriage.
 * 3)  A heavy wheeled plow.

title: carruca


text: Appendix:Catalan Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Catalan Swadesh list


text:
centralien

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a eq. master degree in engineering offered at Ecole Centrale Paris, the Centralien curriculum

title: centralien


text: chewre

title: chewre


text:
cognometrics

Noun

 * 1) A class of personal authentication techniques based on measuring innate cognitive abilities of the human brain (e.g. ability to recognize a familiar face).

title: cognometrics


text:
content filtering

Noun

 * 1)  Web filtering, content-control software or spam-blocking solutions.

title: content filtering


text:
corn house

Noun

 * 1) A small shed-like structure usually adjacent to a barn, typically used to store grain or feed, or for isolation of unruly or lame farm animals.

title: corn house


text:
crab mentality

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A way of thinking best described by the phrase "if I can't have it, neither can you." The metaphor refers to a pot of crabs in which one tries to escape over the side, but is relentlessly pulled down by the others in the pot.

Synonyms

 * crab bucket syndrome

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 魚蛋論
 * Mandarin: 螃蟹心態, 螃蟹精神, 螃蟹心理
 * Dutch: krabbenmentaliteit
 * Finnish: keskinäinen kateus
 * Hungarian: dögöljön meg a szomszéd tehene is
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman: da komšiji crkne krava
 * Tagalog: isip-alimango, isip talangka, kaisipang talangka

title: crab mentality


text:
cycloptic

Etymology
Derived from cyclops (one eye)

Adjective

 * 1)  One-eyed.
 * 2) * 1997, Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (film)
 * DR. EVIL: You know, I have one simple request. And that is to have sharks with frickin' laser beams attached to their heads! Now evidently my cycloptic colleague informs me that that cannot be done. Ah, would you remind me what I pay you people for, honestly?
 * 1)  Approaching or viewing a situation with a single perspective, lacking foresight; short-sighted.

title: cycloptic


text: Appendix:Cypriot Arabic Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Cypriot Arabic Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Czech Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Czech Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Danish Swadesh list

List
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
 * Orthography :
 * verbs : infinitive
 * other words : masculine, singular, nominative (subject)

For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.

title: Appendix:Danish Swadesh list


text:
defective on arrival

Adjective

 * 1)  Upon receipt, damaged or defective to the point of being unusable.

title: defective on arrival


text:
den of iniquity

Etymology
Unclear, but probably inspired by the "den of thieves" in the (Matthew 21:13: My house shall be called the house of prayer; but you have made it a den of thieves), which is a.

Noun

 * 1)  A place of immoral behavior, often of a sexual type.

title: den of iniquity


text:
depyrimidination

Noun

 * 1)  A process in which the chemical bond linking a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) to a deoxyribose sugar breaks spontaneously. It occurs at a lower rate compared to depurination with only 500 cytosine and thymine bases lost per cell per day in a typical mammalian cell.

title: depyrimidination


text:
digital commons

Noun

 * 1) Digital property, often but not necessarily in the public domain, especially intellectual property, when expressed and reproduced using digital formats.
 * 2) A repository of digital materials and other intellectual property.

title: digital commons


text:
disgruntlement

Noun

 * 1) The state of being disgruntled, usually displayed in a stereotypical form such as frowning and annoyance; the acts of sulky dissatisfaction.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * French:

title: disgruntlement


text:
Appendix:Egyptian Arabic Swadesh list

See Appendix:Arabic Swadesh list

Introduction
This is a Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Egyptian Arabic. The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
 * a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
 * a reduced 100 words version.

This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.

title: Appendix:Egyptian Arabic Swadesh list


text:
epiphragm

Noun

 * 1)  A dry layer of mucus used by a snail or mollusk to seal itself inside its shell during hibernation.
 * 2)  The dilated apex of the columella in urn mosses.

title: epiphragm


text:
eristic

Etymology
Borrowed from. See also.

Adjective

 * 1) Provoking strife, controversy or discord.
 * 2) * c. 1810-1834?, Notes on Waterland
 * a specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic logic

Translations

 * German:

Noun

 * 1) One who makes specious arguments; one who is disputatious.
 * 2) A type of dialogue or argument where the participants do not have any reasonable goal. The aim is to argue for the sake of conflict, and often to see who can yell the loudest.

Translations

 * German: Eristiker

 * Finnish: eristiikka
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: eristica
 * Polish:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
.

title: eristic


text:
Appendix:Estonian Swadesh list

Presentation
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
 * a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
 * a reduced 100 words version.

This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.

title: Appendix:Estonian Swadesh list


text:
ethnophilia

Noun

 * 1) Unnatural obsession with ethnicity or race.
 * 2) * 1994, Yuri Slezkine, "The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism," Slavic Review, Vol. 53, No. 2., 414-415
 * "Non-Russian nationalism of all kinds appeared so natural and the Russian version of marxist universalism appeared so natural or so universalist, that most of these scholars failed to notice the chronic ethnophilia of the Soviet regime[...]"
 * 1) * 2000, Alberto Spektorowski, "The French New Right: Differentialism and the Idea of Ethnophilian Exclusionism," Polity, Vol. 33, No. 2., 293
 * "This shift from National-Socialism and "racist ethnophobia" to cultural ethnophilia does not transform the New Right into a non-racist movement."

title: ethnophilia


text:
Appendix:French Swadesh list

List
The pronunciation shown is the standard pronunciation in France. Depending on the speakers and the area, the actual pronunciation may differ, more or less significantly, from the shown pronunciation.
 * Pronunciation :

title: Appendix:French Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Friulian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Friulian Swadesh list


text:
funding liquidity risk

Noun

 * 1)  The risk of not having access to sufficient funds to make a payment on time.

title: funding liquidity risk


text:
gauche caviar

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A person or people claiming to be socialist but living a luxurious lifestyle that is inconsistent with such beliefs, implying hypocrisy or a lack of commitment.

Etymology
lit. 'caviar left'.

title: gauche caviar


text: Appendix:Georgian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Georgian Swadesh list


text: Appendix:German Swadesh list

title: Appendix:German Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Greek Swadesh list

A Swadesh list for Ancient Greek is also available.

List
Depending on the speakers and the area, the actual pronunciation may differ, more or less significantly, from the pronunciation shown.
 * Pronunciation

Liste Swadesh du grec moderne

title: Appendix:Greek Swadesh list


text:
grosso modo

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) roughly, circa or approximately
 * 2) * 1980. Henry Mehlberg, Robert Sonné Cohen. Time, Causality, and the Quantum Theory: Studies in the Philosophy of Science. p. 211.
 * The fact that event B takes place in the interval separating events A and C has an invariant significance, which may be expressed grosso modo by saying that events which are closer together have more effects in common.
 * 1) * 1985. Edward W. Said. Orientalism Reconsidered. Cultural Critique, 1, pp. 94-95.
 * Still others criticize Orientalism for falsifying the nature of Islam: these are, grosso modo, the fundamentalists.

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) roughly, circa or approximately

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) roughly, circa, approximately

Etymology
Adverbial locution, from +.

Adverb

 * 1) roughly, circa, approximately
 * 2) coarsely

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) roughly, circa or approximately

title: grosso modo


text: Appendix:Paraguayan Guaraní Swadesh list


text:
gynecocracy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Government or rule by women, or a society with such leadership.

Translations

 * Finnish: naisvalta, gynarkia
 * French: ,
 * German: Weiberherrschaft,, Gynokratie,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: γυναικοκρατία
 * Portuguese:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, ginokracija
 * Spanish: ginecocracia
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: kadınların yönetimi, jinokrasi, jinekokrasi

title: gynecocracy


text:
hackability

Noun

 * 1) The state or condition of being hackable.

title: hackability


text:
half-hardy

Adjective

 * 1)  Of a plant: requiring protection against frost.

Noun

 * 1)  A plant that requires protection against frost.

title: half-hardy


text:
Appendix:Hausa Swadesh list

List

No diacritics showing tones or length of vowels are used; orthography is the one currently used outside the dictionaries.
 * Orthography :

title: Appendix:Hausa Swadesh list


text:
haversack

Etymology
From, from and/or , , from  +. Compare also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A small, strong bag carried on the back or the shoulder, usually with only one strap, and originally made of canvas.
 * 2)  An oat-sack, or nosebag for a horse.
 * 1)  An oat-sack, or nosebag for a horse.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: сухарна торба,
 * Finnish: olkareppu
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: γυλιός
 * Irish: mála lóin
 * Plautdietsch: Rigjesak
 * Polish:

 * Dutch: haverzak
 * Finnish: kaurasäkki
 * German: Hafersack

title: haversack


text:
higgle

Etymology
Probably an alteration of.

Verb

 * 1)  To hawk or peddle provisions.
 * 2)  To wrangle (over a price, terms of an agreement, etc.); to haggle.

Derived terms

 * higgle-haggle

title: higgle


text:
hoecake

Etymology
, since it was often cooked on a hoe (a type of pan, not the gardening implement).

Noun

 * 1)  A type of cornbread or cornmeal cake, made with water and salt. It was originally baked before the fire or in the ashes on a type of iron pan called a hoe; in modern times, it is fried in cooking oil in a skillet.
 * In Jean Fritz's children's book George Washington's Breakfast, the protagonist finds out that George Washington may have eaten hoecakes for breakfast.

title: hoecake


text:
horse

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , from , from , from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) A hoofed mammal,, often used throughout history for riding and draft work.
 * 2) Any member of the species, including the Przewalski's horse and the extinct.
 * 3)  Any current or extinct animal of the family, including zebras and asses.
 * 4)  Cavalry soldiers (sometimes capitalized when referring to an official category).
 * 5) A component of certain games.
 * 6)  The chess piece representing a knight, depicted as a horse.
 * 7)  A xiangqi piece that moves and captures one point orthogonally and then one point diagonally.
 * 8)  A large and sturdy person.
 * 9)  A timber frame shaped like a horse, which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.
 * 10) In gymnastics, a piece of equipment with a body on two or four legs, approximately four feet high, sometimes (pommel horse) with two handles on top.
 * 11) A frame with legs, used to support something.
 * 12) A rope stretching along a yard, upon which men stand when reefing or furling the sails; footrope.
 * 13) A breastband for a leadsman.
 * 14) An iron bar for a sheet traveller to slide upon.
 * 15) A jackstay.
 * 16)  A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse (said of a vein) is to divide into branches for a distance.
 * 17)  An informal variant of basketball in which players match shots made by their opponent(s), each miss adding a letter to the word "horse", with 5 misses spelling the whole word and eliminating a player, until only the winner is left. Also HORSE, H-O-R-S-E or H.O.R.S.E. (see ).
 * 18)  The flesh of a horse as an item of cuisine.
 * 19)  A prison guard who smuggles contraband in or out for prisoners.
 * 20)  A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination.
 * 21)  Horseplay; tomfoolery.
 * 22)  A player who has been staked, i.e. another player has paid for their buy-in and claims a percentage of any winnings.
 * 1) A rope stretching along a yard, upon which men stand when reefing or furling the sails; footrope.
 * 2) A breastband for a leadsman.
 * 3) An iron bar for a sheet traveller to slide upon.
 * 4) A jackstay.
 * 5)  A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse (said of a vein) is to divide into branches for a distance.
 * 6)  An informal variant of basketball in which players match shots made by their opponent(s), each miss adding a letter to the word "horse", with 5 misses spelling the whole word and eliminating a player, until only the winner is left. Also HORSE, H-O-R-S-E or H.O.R.S.E. (see ).
 * 7)  The flesh of a horse as an item of cuisine.
 * 8)  A prison guard who smuggles contraband in or out for prisoners.
 * 9)  A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination.
 * 10)  Horseplay; tomfoolery.
 * 11)  A player who has been staked, i.e. another player has paid for their buy-in and claims a percentage of any winnings.
 * 1)  A prison guard who smuggles contraband in or out for prisoners.
 * 2)  A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination.
 * 3)  Horseplay; tomfoolery.
 * 4)  A player who has been staked, i.e. another player has paid for their buy-in and claims a percentage of any winnings.
 * 1)  A player who has been staked, i.e. another player has paid for their buy-in and claims a percentage of any winnings.

Usage notes
The noun can be used attributively in compounds and phrases to add the sense of large and/or coarse.

Synonyms

 * , ,  , , , , ; see also Thesaurus:horse

Hyponyms

Etymology 2
From, from and , from the noun (see above).

Verb

 * 1)  To play mischievous pranks on.
 * 2)  To provide with a horse; supply horses for.
 * 3)  To get on horseback.
 * 4) To sit astride of; to bestride.
 * 5)  To copulate with (a mare).
 * 6) To take or carry on the back.
 * 7) To place (someone) on the back of another person, or on a wooden horse, chair, etc., to be flogged or punished.
 * 8)  To flog.
 * 9)  To pull, haul, or move (something) with great effort, like a horse would.
 * 10)  To cram (food) quickly, indiscriminately or in great volume.
 * 11)  To urge at work tyrannically.
 * 12)  To charge for work before it is finished.
 * 1) To sit astride of; to bestride.
 * 2)  To copulate with (a mare).
 * 3) To take or carry on the back.
 * 4) To place (someone) on the back of another person, or on a wooden horse, chair, etc., to be flogged or punished.
 * 5)  To flog.
 * 6)  To pull, haul, or move (something) with great effort, like a horse would.
 * 7)  To cram (food) quickly, indiscriminately or in great volume.
 * 8)  To urge at work tyrannically.
 * 9)  To charge for work before it is finished.
 * 1)  To pull, haul, or move (something) with great effort, like a horse would.
 * 2)  To cram (food) quickly, indiscriminately or in great volume.
 * 3)  To urge at work tyrannically.
 * 4)  To charge for work before it is finished.
 * 1)  To cram (food) quickly, indiscriminately or in great volume.
 * 2)  To urge at work tyrannically.
 * 3)  To charge for work before it is finished.
 * 1)  To urge at work tyrannically.
 * 2)  To charge for work before it is finished.
 * 1)  To charge for work before it is finished.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Icelandic: atast, fíflast

 * Finnish: varustaa hevosella

Etymology 3

 * probably originally criminals' cant based on the initial letter of both words.

Noun

 * 1)  Heroin drug.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:, cal alb,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, ,

Noun

 * 1) a mare
 * 2)  frivolous woman

Verb

 * 1)  to run around amongst the mares
 * 2)  to run around, chiefly drunkenly

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)   (heroin)

title: horse


text:
humble pie

Etymology
The expression derives from umble pie, the original name of the offal meat pie, considered inferior food. In medieval times the pie was often served to lower-class people. Although "umbles" and the modern word "humble" are etymologically unrelated, each word has appeared both with and without the initial "h" after the Middle Ages until the 19th century.

Noun

 * 1)  A pie made from the offal of deer or hog.
 * 2)  Humility, being humble.

title: humble pie


text: Appendix:Hungarian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Hungarian Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Icelandic Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Icelandic Swadesh list


text:
איחוד

Etymology
Gerund of the verb

Noun

 * 1) Union.

title: איחוד


text:
Appendix:Indonesian Swadesh list

List
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following:
 * Orthography:
 * Verbs: infinitive
 * Other words: neutral or masculine, singular, nominative (subject)

For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance); the simplest form, the root (makan ← memakan) is used.

title: Appendix:Indonesian Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Irish Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Irish Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Italian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Italian Swadesh list


text:
Italophile

Noun

 * 1) An admirer of  or of its,  or.

Translations

 * Catalan: italòfil, italòfila
 * French:
 * Greek: ιταλόφιλος, ιταλόφιλη
 * Italian:, italofila
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: italófilo, italófila
 * Romanian: italofil, italofilă
 * Russian: италофил
 * Spanish: italianófilo, italianófila

title: Italophile


text: Appendix:Japanese Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Japanese Swadesh list


text:
kairine

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  A derivative of tetrahydro-quinoline (C10H13NO), formerly used as an antipyretic.

title: kairine


text:
larger than life

Adjective

 * 1) Of greater size or magnitude than is naturally or normally the case; of larger size than life-size.
 * 2)  Very imposing, renowned, or impressively influential.
 * 1)  Very imposing, renowned, or impressively influential.
 * 1)  Very imposing, renowned, or impressively influential.

Translations

 * French: plus grand que nature
 * German:
 * Hungarian: nagy formátumú

title: larger than life


text: Appendix:Latvian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Latvian Swadesh list


text:
lignicolous

Adjective

 * 1)  That lives in dead wood, leaves, or sticks, or organic debris

title: lignicolous


text:
Appendix:Lingala Swadesh list

List
Orthography :
 * The words preceded by a hyphen (-) are radicals of a verb or an adjective; various prefixes may be used, as requested by the noun class system of the Lingala.

title: Appendix:Lingala Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Glossary of aviation, aerospace, and aeronautics

This is a glossary of terms used in relation to aviation, aircraft, aerospace, and aeronautics, in alphabetical order.

For specific makes and models of aircraft, see List of aircraft manufacturers and List of aircraft.

A

 * aerodrome: An airfield used for managed aircraft operation. In Britain, an alternative term for airport.
 * aerodyne: A heavier-than-air craft, deriving its lift from motion.
 * aeronaut: Pilot or crew of lighter-than-air craft.
 * aeroplane: A power-driven heavier-than-air craft that derives support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air on its surfaces that remain fixed under given conditions of flight.(Also airplane)
 * aerostat: A lighter-than-air craft, such as a balloon or airship. Its lift is caused by buoyancy relative to the surrounding air.
 * ailerons: On an aircraft, the ailerons are a control surface usually on the trailing edge of the wings. The ailerons are used to control roll by generating asymmetric wing lift. The ailerons are on the outside of the wings and operate oppositely (If one goes up, the other goes down).
 * air base: A military airport.
 * aircraft: A vehicle that can travel through the air.
 * air force: Branch of a country's military devoted to air warfare.
 * airman: Pilot or crew member of an aircraft. The term is usually applied to the members of an air force.
 * airplane: A powered aircraft that derives its lift from the movement of air over fixed lifting surfaces. (Also aeroplane)
 * airport: An area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft.
 * airship: A lighter-than-air craft that can be steered and propelled through the air. (Also dirigible)
 * airstair: A set of steps used by passengers and crew to embark and disembark from a commercial aircraft.
 * apron: The paved area at an airport.
 * attitude: The orientation of an aircraft with respect to the horizon.
 * autogyro: A rotor-craft with unpowered blades that develop lift, and an engine-powered propeller to provide thrust.
 * aviator: Pilot or crew member of an aircraft.
 * available seat miles: Available seat miles (ASMs) is a measure of an airline flight's passenger carrying capacity. It is equal to the number of seats onboard an aircraft multiplied by the distance flown in miles.  For example, a 100-seat aircraft flying 100 miles would result in 10,000 ASMs.  Seats that are not available for sale to revenue-paying passengers (e.g., seats reserved for crew rest, etc.) are excluded from this calculation.  The amount of ASMs flown by an airline during a specified period equals the sum of ASMs flown on all flights during the period.
 * aviatrix: Female aviator (No longer commonly used, and may be offensive to some.)
 * available ton miles (ATMs): Tons multiplied by miles flown. It is an international measure of the capacity available for a carrier. It is also used to measure capacity available for freight carriers.

B

 * balloon: An unpowered lighter-than-air craft.
 * biplane: An aeroplane with two similar-sized wings (or pairs of wings), exactly or approximately in vertical alignment.
 * blimp: Non-rigid airship. Its shape is maintained by internal pressure.
 * bomber: Military aircraft designed to carry or drop bombs.
 * breakeven load factor: The load factor necessary for an airline to break even. It is a function of the percent of seats filled at a particular yield versus the airlines operating costs.

C

 * camber: The measure of asymmetry between the upper and lower surfaces of an aerofoil.
 * control surface: Any moveable surface on an aircraft which controls its motion about one of the three principal axes. ailerons, elevators, and the rudder are examples of control surfaces. In addition, other type of roll control surfaces are roll spoilers that dump lift on one wing or another (as opposed to ailerons), spoilerons (combined spoiler and aileron), and Flaperon (combined flap and aileron).  Other combined controls include the ruddervator (combined elevator and rudder as on the "V" tailed Beech Model 35), Elevons combining elevator and ailerons and Flailavators which control pitch & roll as well as flaps in wing trailing edge control surfaces.  Other subsidiary controls are pitch, roll, and rudder trim tabs and the adjustable pitch tailplane (the whole tailplane moves to trim the pitch axis).
 * center of gravity (CG): The point at which the mass of the aircraft would be balanced if it were placed on that single point. The point changes depending on the loading of the aircraft: fuel, passengers, luggage, etc. Each aircraft has CG limits specified by its manufacturer.  If the CG of the aircraft in its current configuration is outside of the specified limits, the aircraft may be unsafe to fly as the control surfaces will have insufficient authority to safely control the aircraft.  For example, if the CG is behind the aft (rear) CG limit, the aircraft will tend to stall.
 * chord: The dimension of a wing parallel to the direction of motion. (Compare with span and thickness.)
 * cockpit: The compartment of an aircraft where the pilot and crew are based and where the aircraft is controlled.
 * contrail: Artificial cloud produced by a moving aircraft in the air.
 * control tower: A building at an airport where the air traffic control monitors the movement of aircraft.
 * cost per available seat mile: (CASM) – The unit operating cost of a carrier, also known as unit cost. The cost, expressed in cents to operate each seat mile offered. Determined by dividing operating costs by ASM (available seat miles).
 * course: The direction in which the aircraft is moving, not to be confused with the heading which is the direction the aircraft is pointing. The course and heading will usually differ because of crosswinds (see crab). The course is also different from the track which is properly the path over the ground that the aircraft has already flown (although course and track are sometimes used synonymously).
 * crab: A maneuver used to counteract the drift of an aircraft caused by a crosswind. The pilot will offset the heading of the aircraft from the desired track by a calculated amount, and the aircraft's velocity combined with the wind through vector addition will give a net movement in the desired direction.

D

 * dihedral angle: The angle that an aeroplane's wings make relative to the lateral axis (horizontal plane, when on level ground). A larger dihedral angle gives greater roll(lateral) stability at the cost of efficiency. If the wings angle upwards, it is called the dihedral angle. Downward angled wings are said to have an anhedral angle (increasingly referred to as negative dihedral).
 * dirigible: A lighter-than-air craft that can be steered and propelled through the air. From the French word dirigeable meaning steerable. (This term is generally considered out-of-date.  The modern term is airship.)
 * dry lease: A lease in which just the aircraft is provided with no crew and maintenance guarantees

 * diverting: When an aircraft is unable to reach its original destination airport, and has to go somewhere else

E

 * elevons: On an aeroplane, elevons are a single control surface which combines the function of the elevators and ailerons in one. They are usually seen on delta-wing aircraft.
 * elevator: On an aeroplane, the elevators are a control surface usually on the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. The elevators are used to control pitch.

F

 *  feather: To rotate the pitch of the propeller blades until they are oriented directly into the airflow, providing the least air resistance and no thrust. The propeller is usually feathered when an engine fails.
 * flight level: Flight level is the nominal altitude of an aircraft referenced to a standard pressure datum, as opposed to the real altitude above mean sea level.
 * flaps: Flaps (often confused with any of the other moveable surfaces) are used on wings to increase lift and/or increase drag as an aircraft flies progressively slower. Increased lift is usually achieved by increasing the wing area and the camber(shape) of the wing to a lesser extent. Increased drag will arise from increasing the area and camber but the greatest effect is achieved with large changes in camber.
 * fuselage: The main body of an aeroplane/airplane, to which the wings and fins are attached.

G

 * glider: An unpowered fixed-wing heavier-than-air craft. (Also sailplane)
 * glideslope: An instrument on the ground to allow an instrumental landing.
 * Gull Wing Flying Wing: A pure flying wing without a fuselage or vertical stabilizers. (Also "Gull Wing").

H

 * hangar: A large garage-like structure used for storage and repair of aircraft.
 * heading: The direction in which an aircraft is pointing, measured clockwise in degrees from North. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's track because of wind.
 * helicopter: A rotor craft with one or more sets of powered blades.
 * HIGE: Hover In Ground Effect. Hovering within one rotor diameter of the ground in order where performance is increased by the interaction of the helicopters rotor downwash and the ground.
 * HOGE: Hover Out of Ground Effect. Hovering at greater than one rotor diameter from the ground where re is no interaction between rotor downwash and the ground.

I

 * instrument flight rules (IFR): A regulatory term describing a flight which may be conducted in atmospheric conditions where the pilot cannot fly the aircraft solely by reference to the natural horizon (e.g. in cloud and fog) and must fly only by reference to the aircraft instruments. Compare to visual flight rules.

J

 * jet bridge: An enclosed, movable connector linking a terminal with an aircraft, used by passengers and crew to embark and disembark from commercial aircraft.

L

 * landing gear: Structure that supports the aircraft's weight when it is not airborne, often including a shock absorbing mechanism. Wheels can be used for hard surfaces, skis or skids for ice or snow, and floats or pontoons if landing on the water.  Some aircraft like flying boats do not require landing gear, since their hull can support them
 * load factor (LF): The percentage of seats filled. Determined by dividing Revenue Passenger Miles by Available Seat Miles. Also a measure of the factor of loading on an aircraft, with comparison to gravity. Increases in steep turns and other abrupt manouvers. Given as a factor of gravity with 1g being the standardised acceleration at sea level on land.

M

 * mayday: International distress call, derived from the French "M'aidez" literal translation "help me".
 * metaplane: The configuration of the air vehicle that can be classified as an aerodyne but it uses static lift mostly to enhance stability.
 * moment: A measurement of weight at a specific distance (moment arm) from a reference point. This measurement is used to verify the aircraft is within the Center of Gravity (CG) limits. Reference points vary between aircraft.
 * monocoque: An object (as in a wing or fuselage) whose skin supports the load as opposed to an internal frame.
 * monoplane: An aeroplane with one wing (or pairs of wings).

P

 * panne: French for non critical breakdown, acronym PAN
 * paraglider: A paraglider is a gliding parakite or kite, a type of hang glider that uses one or more tethers to suspend payload.
 * pitch: A measure of the degree to which an aircraft's nose tilts up or down. Also a measure of the angle of attack of a propeller.
 * pitot tube: A Pitot tube is a measuring instrument used to measure fluid flow, and more specifically, used to determine airspeed on aircraft. The Pitot tube is named after its inventor, Henri Pitot, and was modified to its modern form by Henry Darcy.
 * port: The left-hand side of an aeroplane, when facing the front. An aeroplane's port wing has a red light on its underside.
 * powerplant: A powered aircraft's source of power, usually either a jet engine or a conventional engine and propeller.

 * pressure altitude: The indicated altitude when an altimeter is set to 1013 hPa (29.92 inHg US and Canada).

R

 * roll: Rotation about an axis aligned with the direction in which the aircraft is flying. This axis is also known as the longitudinal axis.
 * rotorcraft: An aircraft that derives its lift from rotating lifting surfaces (usually called blades)
 * rudder: On an aeroplane, the rudder is a control surface usually on the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer or fin. The rudder is used to control yaw.
 * ruddervators: On an aeroplane, ruddervators are a single control surface which combine the function of the rudder and elevators in one. They are usually seen on V-tail aircraft.
 * runway: The part of an airport used for takeoff and landing of aircraft.

S

 * sailplane: An unpowered fixed-wing heavier-than-air craft. (Also glider)
 * sesquiplane: An aeroplane with two wings (or pairs of wings), where one (often the lower) is significantly smaller than the other in span and/or chord.
 * slip: A manoevre where an aeroplane pilot rolls the aircraft in one direction with the ailerons and yaws it in the opposite direction with the rudder. This results in the aircraft continuing to move forward but presenting a larger cross-section to the oncoming air - thereby creating drag and causing the aeroplane to lose altitude rapidly in a controlled manner.
 * span: The dimension of a wing perpendicular to the direction of motion. (Compare with chord and thickness.)
 * specific impulse: The specific impulse of a propulsion system is the impulse (change in momentum) per unit of propellant.
 * stabilator: On an aeroplane, a stabilator is a surface which combines the function of the horizontal stabilizer and elevators in one by allowing the entire horizontal stabilizer to move and control the pitch of the aircraft.
 * stall: a condition of an airplane or an airfoil in which lift decreases and drag increases due to the separation of airflow.
 * starboard: The right-hand side of an aeroplane, when facing the front. An aeroplane's starboard wing has a green light on its underside.
 * SPS: Standard Positioning Services.
 * synchropter: Any twin-rotor helicopter that uses intermeshing rotors for its flight capabilities.

T

 * tailplane: Usually synonymous with stabilator.
 * taxi: The movement of an aircraft on the ground under its own power.
 * taxiway: The part of an airport used for taxiing, which links the runways with the terminals and hangars.
 * terminal: A building at an airport where passengers transfer from ground transportation to the facilities that allow them to board aircraft; also, a building at an airport where freight is transferred from ground transportation to aircraft.
 * track: The path on the ground over which an aircraft has flown. Also used synonymously with course, the direction in which an aircraft is moving relative to the ground. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's heading.
 * thickness: The vertical dimension of a wing. (Compare with span and chord.)
 * threshold: The beginning of the part of the runway usable for landing
 * thrust: Thrust is the force upon a system (such as a rocket or jet engine) generated when that system expels or accelerates mass. The resultant thrust force is equal to and in the opposite direction of the expelled mass.
 * touchdown zone (TDZ): The first 3000 feet of the runway or the first third of the runway, whichever is less, measured from the threshold.
 * transponder: A device on aircraft which uses radio frequencies to identify the aircraft on air traffic control radars
 * triplane: An aeroplane with three similar-sized wings (or pairs of wings), exactly or approximately in vertical alignment.
 * turbofan: A type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion.

U

 * ultralight: A small, powered aircraft which is extremely light(254 lbs or Less empty)and seats only one occupant. Ultralights are popular among hobbyists for being cost-effective and having lenient regulation. Ultralight type aircraft are generally heavier and can seat more than one occupant.

V

 * visual flight rules (VFR): A regulatory term describing flights that are conducted only in conditions where the pilot can see the ground, or in some instances is flying in the free space above a cloud. Compare to instrument flight rules.
 * V speeds: Speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft.
 * VSI: Vertical Speed Indicator, shows the rate of climb or descent.

W

 * wet lease: A wet lease is any leasing arrangement whereby a company agrees to provide an aircraft and at least one pilot to another company. It does not include a code sharing arrangement.
 * wind shear: a quick change in wind speed or direction.
 * wing: A lifting surface of an airplane/aeroplane or sailplane.

Y

 * yaw: Rotation in a horizontal plane about the normally vertical axis - turning to left or right. Generally the control surface to yaw is the rudder.

Z

 * zeppelin: A large rigid airship consisting of a long, cylindrical, covered framework containing compartments or cells filled with gas, and of various structures for holding the engines, passengers, etc.


text:
Appendix:Glossary of blogging

This is a glossary of blogging. Blogging, like any hobby, has developed something of a specialised vocabulary. The following is an attempt to explain a few of the more common phrases and words, including etymologies when not obvious.

A

 * Autocasting: Automated form of podcasting that allows bloggers and blog readers to generate audio versions of text blogs from RSS feeds.
 * Audioblog: A blog where the posts consist mainly of voice recordings sent by mobile phone, sometimes with some short text message added for metadata purposes. (cf. podcasting)

B

 * Biblioblogosphere: A humorous reference to the world of librarian blogging
 * Blaudience: The audience, or readership, of a blog
 * Blawg: A blog focusing on commentary about the law, generally written by a law professor, law student, or lawyer. A portmanteau of "blog" and "law."
 * Bleg:A blog entry consisting of a request to the readers, such as for information or contributions. A portmanteau of "blog" and "beg". Also called "Lazyweb."
 * Blog Carnival: A blog article that contains links to other articles covering a specific topic. Most blog carnivals are hosted by a rotating list of frequent contributors to the carnival, and serve to both generate new posts by contributors and highlight new bloggers posting matter in that subject area.
 * Blistless or B-listless: When a blogger becomes listless or apathetic about posting. It is also indicative of what will happen to the blogger's mailing list.
 * Blog client: (weblog client) is software to manage (post, edit) blogs from operating system with no need to launch a web browser. A typical blog client has an editor, a spell-checker and a few more options that simplify content creation and editing.
 * Blogger: Person who runs a blog. Also blogger.com, a popular blog hosting web site. Rarely: weblogger.
 * Bloggies: One of the most popular blog awards.
 * Blog Farm: A website constructed from a group of linked weblogs, typically with the main blog aggregating the total content/acting as a gateway.
 * Blog feed: The XML-based file in which the blog hosting software places a machine-readable version of the blog so that it may be "syndicated" for further distribution on the web. Formats such as RSS and Atom are used to structure the XML file.
 * Blog hopping: to follow links from one blog entry to another, with related side-trips to various articles, sites, discussion forums, and more.
 * Bloglet: A short blog entry or a series of random thoughts in a single blog entry. A style of blogging made popular by the 1 Happy St. blog.
 * Blogoneer: A portmanteau of "blog" and "pioneer", meaning a person who blogs with an expert or pioneering attitude.
 * Blogorrhea: A portmanteau of "blog" and "logorrhea", meaning excessive and/or incoherent talkativeness in a weblog.
 * Blogosphere: All blogs, or the blogging community. Also called blogistan or, more rarely, blogspace.
 * Blogroll: A list of blogs. A blogger features a list of his favorite blogs in the sidebar of his blog.
 * Blog site: The web location (URL) of a blog, which may be either a dedicated domain, a sub-domain, or embedded within a web site.
 * Blogsite: Sometimes confused with a simple blog or blog site, but a blogsite is a web site which combines blog feeds from a variety of sources, as well as non-blog sources, and adds significant value over the raw blog feeds.
 * Blogsnob: A person who refuses to respond to comments on their blog from people outside their circle of friends.
 * Blogstorm: When a large amount of activity, information and opinion erupts around a particular subject or controversy in the blogosphere, it is sometimes called a blogstorm or blog swarm.
 * Blogstream: A play on the term mainstream that references the alternative news and information network growing up around weblogs and user driven content mechanisms. Can also be used as a play on the phrase "thought-stream", referring to the stream of consciousness as expressed through a weblog.
 * BlogThis: Pioneered by Blogger.com, BlogThis links on a blog allow the reader to automatically generate a blog entry based on the blog entry he/she is reading, and post to his/her blog.
 * Bloll: A troll who specialises in blogs. A portmanteau of "blog" and "troll."
 * Blooger: A blogger who exhibits adolescent tendencies and lacks basic social graces or good manners. A portmanteau of "blog" and "booger."
 * Boreblogging: Writing about personal matters that are barely interesting even to the writer -- preferably in a slightly bent fashion so as to make it fun to read in spite of the subject matter.

C

 * Catblogging: (traditionally "Friday catblogging") is the practice of posting pictures of cats, in typical cat postures and expressions, on a blog. Sometimes a comment on the cat or the situation shown is provided. Cats had been on web pages already, but "catblogging" as a distinct and defined practice originated on Calpundit by Kevin Drum. He also established Friday as the canonical catblogging day.
 * Categories: This is a method of organizing blog entries by assigning each entry to a predetermined topic. Each topic (category) will link to a list of entries, all with related content.
 * Celeblog: A blog detailing the lives of movie stars, musicians, and other celebrities, much like tabloid magazines.  They often feature embarrassing or revealing paparazzi photos.
 * Collaborative blog: A blog (usually focused on a single issue or political stripe) on which multiple users enjoy posting permission. Also known as group blog.
 * Comment spam: Like e-mail spam. Robot “spambots” flood a blog with advertising in the form of bogus comments. A serious problem that requires bloggers and blog platforms to have tools to exclude some users or ban some addresses in comments.

D

 * Dark Blog: A non-public blog (e.g. behind a firewall)

F

 * Fisking, to rebut a blog entry in a line-by-line fashion

 * Flog:A portmanteau of "fake" and "blog". A blog that's ghostwritten by someone, such as in the marketing department.

 * A Photoblog.

 * Friday catblogging: See catblogging

G

 * Glog: A first-person recording of an activity, in which the person doing the recording is a participant in the activity.
 * GBCW:The "Good Bye Cruel World" diary is when a Kossack decides that Daily Kos has become too (fill in the blank) or isn't nearly (fill in the blank) enough for him or her to continue visiting the site.

General chaos ensues in the Comments as other Kossacks agree, disagree, and wish the diarist good luck or good riddance.

 * Gulog: A portmanteau of "gulag" and "blog". Used when a blog is so dismal and depressing, it's as if it were written in a Soviet labour camp.

K

 * Koufax: an annual quasi-Liberal webblog award.

 * K-log: aka "knowledge log", a type of blog usually used by knowledge workers and posted on a company intranet for sharing company knowledge.

 * Kos Kid: A term for any one who posts, or reads regularly, the blog Daily Kos. Also known as "Kwazy Kos Kids" after the eccentric nature of some of the members.

L

 * Link Love: linking to a site or blog, usually unsolicited, that you like, enjoy, or find useful.
 * Log in, blog to, log out: a catchphrase referring to blogger style of activity.

M

 * Milblog: Term for blogs written by members or veterans of any branch of service - Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines. A contraction of military and blog.
 * Moblog: A portmanteau of "mobile" and "blog". A blog featuring posts sent mainly by mobile phone, using SMS or MMS messages. They are often photoblogs.
 * Momosphere: Term to encompass blogs written by mothers. A portmanteau of "mom" and "blogosphere".
 * Multi-blog: Creating, maintaining, and running multiple blogs (2 or more) simultaneously.
 * Multi-blogger: An individual, business, or institution that runs multiple blogs.

P

 * Permalink: Permanent link. The unique URL of a single post. Use this when you want to link to a post somewhere.
 * Photoblog: A blog mostly containing photos, posted constantly and chronologically.
 * Ping: The alert in the TrackBack system that notifies the original poster of a blog post when someone else writes an entry concerning the original post.
 * Plog: Political blog - blog containing mainly politically-oriented material.
 * Podcasting: Contraction of “iPod” and “broadcasting” (but not for iPods only). Posting audio and video material on a blog and its RSS feed, for digital players.
 * RSS aggregator: Software or online service allowing a blogger to read an RSS feed, especially the latest posts on his favourite blogs. Also called a reader, or feedreader.
 * RSS feed: The file containing a blog’s latest posts. It is read by an RSS aggregator/reader and shows at once when a blog has been updated. It may contain only the title of the post, the title plus the first few lines of a post, or the entire post.

S

 * Scribosphere: Term to encompass blogs written by professional and aspiring screenwriters. A portmanteau of "scribe" and "blogosphere".
 * Shocklog: Weblogs to produce shocking discussions by posting various shocking content.
 * Spam blog: A blog which is composed of spam. A Spam blog or "any blog whose creator doesn't add any written value."
 * Slashdotted: The Slashdot effect can hit blogs or other website, and is caused by a major website (usually Slashdot, but also Digg, Metafilter, Boing Boing, Instapundit and others) sending huge amounts of temporary traffic that often slow down the server.
 * Splog: A term used to refer to a 'spam blog', made popular in 2005 by Mark Cuban
 * Storyblog: A term used to describe blogs used primarily to publish written stories and poetry used for practice usually by aspiring writers.

T

 * TrackBack: A system that allows a blogger to see who has seen the original post and has written another entry concerning it. The system works by sending a 'ping' between the blogs, and therefore providing the alert.
 * Troll: A commenter whose sole purpose is to attack the views expressed on a blog and incite a flamewar, for example, a liberal going to a conservative blog, or vice versa. The word trolling means literally 'to fish', ie. when the troll fishes for a clashback from the blog writer and/or pro commenters. Many trolls will leave their remarks on multiple posts and continue to visit the blog, sparking spirited debate amongst the blog's regular readers. Trolls' verbosity can range from eloquent to crass, although most trolls probably fall into the latter category. Originally, trolling only meant the custom where someone was commenting just to get a flamewar going, by using exaggarated points of view not held by themselves.

V

 * Vlog: A video blog; a vlogger is a video blogger (e.g. someone who records himself interviewing people of a certain field).
 * Vorage: A marriage between the words forage and video defined as "The act of foraging for video on the internet and sharing it with others." Bloggers or vloggers who share streaming or downloaded video content on the web often engage in voraging, scouring search engines and obscure websites to present a curated collection of videos that usually fall within a set theme or editorial perspective.

title: Appendix:Glossary of blogging


text: Appendix:Lithuanian Swadesh list

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text: Appendix:Macedonian Swadesh list

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text: Appendix:Malagasy Swadesh list

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text: Appendix:Malay Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Malay Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Maltese Swadesh list

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mononym

Noun

 * 1) A single name by which a person, thing, etc., is known.
 * The singer-songwriter Madonna Louise Ciccone is known by the mononym Madonna.
 * 1) A single term for a thing or concept, allowing for no synonyms.
 * 1) A single term for a thing or concept, allowing for no synonyms.
 * 1) A single term for a thing or concept, allowing for no synonyms.
 * 1) A single term for a thing or concept, allowing for no synonyms.
 * 1) A single term for a thing or concept, allowing for no synonyms.

title: mononym


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name reaction

Noun

 * 1)  A chemical reaction named after its discoverers.

title: name reaction


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Appendix:Glossary of Panamanian Spanish

Panamanian Spanish is the Spanish language as spoken in Panama. It is also spoken by people of Panamanian descent in other countries. It has similarities with other Central American and Caribbean Spanish variants, and due to its history has absorbed a significant portion of its vocabulary from the English language. Panamanian dialect also borrowed words from languages of other ethnic groups, like Italians, Greeks, East Indians (including Hindi and Gujarati), and Chinese.

Examples of Panamanian slang

 * ¡Ajo! = Euphemism for "carajo" (prick). Literally means "garlic."
 * a vergazo/a pingazo/a balazo = Fast. But vergazo can mean a really hard punch
 * a balazo = "Like a gunshot." To do something quickly. Ex. Hazlo a Balazo = Do it quickly.
 * alla Onde Uno = From the TV show 'Hecho en Panama', it means "from where one is", usually means the place where the 'campesinos' come from or grew up, their hometown. Ex: Tu eres de alla onde uno?
 * arranque = means to go out, party and get drunk. Or to do cocaine
 * arrecho = horny or angry. Depends on the region, Chiriqui would use it as angry.
 * arroz con Sombrero = rice with a fried egg on top
 * awebao = taken from the root word ahuevado (egg-headed), it can be either derogatory in its use (idiot) or friendly, (dude) depending on the tone. Pronunciation varies depending on the speaker either awebado, awebao, aw or aoaooo. Is is one of the most common words among Panamanians.
 * awebason = Awebason or Ahuevason expression used for things that are foolish or just dumb.
 * ayyyyyyy = Expression that denotes gay behavior. Same as oombeeeee. ex: 'ayyyyyyy miralo tocando bola'. From "¡Ay!", Spanish language interjection expressing pain (Its meaning varies from "ouch" to "woe to"), pronounced slowly and femininely to denote fragility, therefore "a fragile man, an effeminate man, a gay".
 * ayala ñex = Expression that denotes surprise or amusement. Very similar to Holy ####.
 * babylon = Slang used for the police
 * badbuay = from Jamaican English. Means bad boy (bad bwoy)
 * bagre = referring to a catfish it means a really ugly person normally worse that a gargola. Synonym to 'cangreja'. Means "catfish". It can be used to describe men and women.
 * bajapanti = Popular and cheap "wine" called Night Train Express. Literally means, "panty remover".
 * bajito'e sal = Gay. Literally means "low on salt".
 * balato pa' ti = Stereotipically, the price you always get from the "chinese" store. (Inexpensive for you)
 * batea y corre pa tercera = Slang that refers to gay people. It's rough translation means "Hits and runs to third", resembling someone who hits the ball and runs to third base in the game of baseball.
 * batiBuay = Gay. From Jamaican English "Batty Bwoy".
 * bergington = is derived from the word berga (penis) but means "Holy shit!" or an expression made when somebody is amazed or excited. This comes from the television program doble vida (double life). It is normally said ex: Ayala bergington.
 * beri beri = see Faracho. Derived from epilepsy attacks.
 * bicicletear = to go somewhere, voy a bicicletear (I'm going bicycling.)
 * bien cuida'o = the guy who hangs out in the street and offers to watch your car when you park it for a tip, saying "Bien cuida'o!" ("Well cared for!")
 * birria = 1. to play a friendly sport or game 2. to be hooked in some kind of activity. (e.g. 1. Vamos a echar una birria de beisbol. 2. Juan tiene una birria de jugar nintendo que no se la quita nadie) Also used as a verb, "birriando" ex. Estoy birriando esa cancion
 * blanco = Cigarette.
 * bocarest = Bad breath.
 * bochinche = gossip, especially malicious gossip.
 * bochom = Reverse of chombo (black guy)
 * borrador = The flamboyantly painted, unruly, (partially) repaired school buses that would mow people down before they got banned in 2010. More commonly known as Diablo Rojo.
 * borriguero = A low ranking employee. In construction work el borriguero is the person who does all the hard work.
 * botella = Slang to refer to a useless employee hired into a position because of his connections (see palanca), rather than whether he is actually qualified or willing to do the job.(The word botella actually means bottle.)
 * breham = hungry (reverse of hambre) Eg. Tengo breham, ¿qué hay de comer?
 * brother surfer = Stereotypically, how surfers call each other.
 * buco = from the French beaucoup (many); Buco de rantan (a lot)
 * bulto = A person who you don't want around you since he/she will just give you inconvenience.
 * cabrear = (ver.) it's one of the must common verbs in Panama, it is used when someone is getting tired of doing something or when someone is bothering a lot. (e.g. Estoy cabreado=I'm tired of this, Me tienes cabreado=I'm Fed Up with you.
 * cacha-cueco/revuelve-porotos/saca shit/muerde-nuca = Gay lover. ex: ¡Tu eres un cacha-cueco! - You are a gay lover!)
 * cafá = A slap in the face (lash) or head (coscorrón).
 * camarón = an odd job or chore. Literally "shrimp," but derived from the English "come around." Back in Canal Zone days, residents of the Zone would ask Panamanians to "come around" on weekends to do gardening work or other small jobs.
 * canchalarga = Used to describe a person who can keep partying forever. Party animal. Literally "Long field."
 * cagalitroso = Old man. Also cagalitroso junior (around 50 yrs old) or cagalitroso senior (over 70)
 * calientahuevo = term used to describe girls that tease. Translates to "egg-heater" or "egg-warmer".
 * cangreja = An unattractive woman. Literally "Female crab."
 * casa del culo = A place that is very far away. Middle of nowhere. Literally "House of the ass."
 * casa Bruja = Very poor house (shanty) made out of wood scraps and/or zinc built on invaded lands. Literally "Witch's house."
 * catribolia = Woman with too much sexual activity.
 * cha = Short for "chucha" mostly used to denote surprise "cha la tas botando"
 * chacaleria = people of the ghetto. Beware, they can kill you. See "chakalito".
 * chacara = "A countryman's bag". Commonly used as a nickname for balls (testicles).
 * chacaron(a) or Chacarudo(a) = superlative for Chacara means a very lazy man (or woman) or someone who relies in everybody else to solve his (her) problems.
 * chaineado = From the English "Shiny or shined up". To dress up-
 * chakalito= Also "chakal, chacalito". Someone from the ghetto (often used in a stereotypical, pejorative way). The stereotype usually involves and individual that listens to reggae dancehall music (or reggaeton), wears gold teeth, gangsta clothing (reccently also swagster style, with a mix of punk hairstyling) and lives a "thug life". Compare Mexican "chaka", Venezuelan "niche", Chilean "flaite", Argentine "turro" & "wachiturro" and other Latin terms like "amixer", which portray a similar, stereotypical ghetto youth image.
 * chamai = Yellow cloth to wipe and dry a car. A chamois.
 * chambón = A clumsy person
 * chantin = Home, House. Example: Vamos pa' mi chantin (Let's go to my house). Yegate a mi chantin. (Come to my house).From English "Shanty".
 * chapot = From the English "Shaped up". Used to refer to someone that is very well dressed. As in Estas bien chapot.
 * chata = Person that does not have too much ass.
 * chicha 'e piña = literally it means "pineapple juice", but in Panama means "easy" or unimportant. example: eso ta chicha 'e piña; "that's easy".
 * chicha = Watered-down fruit juice (jugo, zumo); also used in other countries.
 * chichi = Baby
 * chichón = A protrusion on the body (usually the head) caused by swelling after impact with a hard surface or object.
 * chifiar = To ignore a person. Ex: Chifea ese awebao (see awebao) que es un loser - Don't invite that guy because he is a loser.
 * chilin = Relax, taking it easy. From english "chill"
 * chirrisco = Homemade alcoholic beverage. Battery acid is sometimes added to accelerate the fermentation process, found in the country side of Panama.
 * chiswiz = Name given to any snack, such as Doritos, Tostitos...Originates from the English "Cheese Whiz". Usually pronounced "chee-WEE".
 * chiva = literally means female goat, but it also means "small bus". Not to be mistaken with a "diablo rojo". (e.g. Me voy en chiva pa' Chitre)
 * cholometal = A mestizo-looking or indigenous person (brown skin), who dresses and acts like a rock and roller.
 * cholopop = Person from the countryside, trying to impress by wearing rocker outfits.
 * chombo = derogatory term use to refer to black people
 * chota = derogatory slang for a large police car, pickup truck or van used to haul a larger number of detainees in public disturbances or curfews. As in Corre, ¡viene la chota! (Run, here come the policemen!)
 * chucha = In the literal sense, it means "pussy" as in "vagina". However, this usually is not used as a vulgar way of referring to the female reproductive organ. Instead, it is simply used as an interjection that expresses surprise or shock. This word can be used in dozens of connotations. It can denote anger, happiness, surprise, sadness, speechlessness. Examples: Chucha, ¡que bien me fue! Chucha, ¡que mal me fue! Chucha ¡no se como me fue! Also, Estoy en chucao. (I'm angry).
 * chuchita = Someone who is always being taken advantage of by another.
 * ¡Chuleta! = An exclamation of surprise or shock. The literal meaning is "chop [of meat]," but a very common euphemism for "chucha."
 * chupata = A party that involves a lot of alcohol, for example: 'let's invite some friends and have a 'chupata'
 * churrusco = Same as cus-cus. Extremely curly hair.
 * chuzo!!!! = Non-vulgar way of saying "chucha" to mean "Darn it," etc. Same concept as saying "fudge" instead of "fuck".
 * cicsa = Definition of fast drink. Also can be refer as lame product.
 * cinta = "Story". Term of cocoa and bochinche (hey te tengo una cinta! Hey, I have a story!) Literally, a tape.
 * cizaña = From cizaña (darnel), a damaging gramineous plant that grows on tillages. To grow discord; to cause strife between two persons. Usually used with "meter" in "meter cizaña/sizaña" (to introduce darnel) or "sembrar cizaña(sizaña" (to sow darnel), which means "to talk gossip" or even "to lie in order to cause discord". Its noun form is "cizañoso/siañozo" (Literally "darnel-ous"). ex ¡Eres un sizañoso! = You're a trouble maker!
 * click = That's the sound of the phone, as you attempt say "goodbye" in ending a telephone conversation with a Panamanian. No goodbyes or any other formality, just the sound of the phone being hung up.
 * cocobolo = Totally bald. Baldhead, skinhead (the overall meaning, not the specific group).
 * cocodrila = from the reptile cocodrile, used as slang for ugly woman.
 * comearroz = Child or baby (Literally "Rice eater")
 * cómico = Someone unimportant, a joke of a person Ej. "Jorge es un cómico, no sirve para nada."
 * comiste En Paila = a chatter box. When a person is talking a lot, excessive "ex. Fidel Castro"
 * como el huevo = slow, stupid, lit. "like the egg".
 * como ñinga ño = yes.
 * concolón = The rice that gets burnt into the pan when you make fried rice. The origin of this word is said to have come from the voyagers who traveled with Christopher Columbus, whose Spanish name is Cristobal Colon. If you ate 'concolon' you were said to eat with the captain, who ate last, or literally 'con Colon'.
 * congo = Someone who is always taken advantage of, an idiot.
 * cranear = To think very hard.
 * cuara = A 25-centavo coin. Cuara is derived directly from the English word "quarter".
 * cuatrera = Prostitute.
 * cuatro gatos = Very few people. Literally, "Four cats." Ex. La ciclovía la usan cuatro gatos.
 * cucurucho = tiny ugly house or place
 * cueco/a = Gay and lesbian. Disrespectful way to say gay (cueco-male) or lesbian (cueca-female). Equal to English derrogatory term "faggot".
 * culantron = big ass. From "culantro" (coriander), which is used with the connotation of "ass" for having a similar pronunciation to "culo" (ass).
 * culicagao = Literally "ass-shitted", very young person: laopecillo, pelaito.
 * culillo = Terrible fear.
 * culitripi = Person skinny + ugly + weak. Not to be confused with "gulicripa", a Dancehall dance move whose name comes from the Jamaican slang "Gully Creepa", which literally means "A street/ghetto backstabber; someone who embraces the badboy/thug live just to hide from the police then attack his/her own friends to take their belongings.
 * culo De Botella = "Ass (bottom) of the bottle (coke bottles). Referring to extra thick eyeglasses.
 * culo = Ass, butt.
 * cus cus = hard short wire-like hair on the scalp. Nappy hair.
 * daim = Ten-centavo coin. From the English "dime."
 * dale valor = to give value to something. Generally used when turning up the volume to a stereo. Fren, dale valor a esa plena.
 * de alante = "From the front/top". Meaning that something is awesome, great or cool.
 * de kñoon/ de ley = something that is happening no matter what.
 * de la hai/ high = Describes someone who hails from a sophisticated neighborhood and has the fancier things in life.
 * demencia = Something really awesome. "Que demencia ese carro aoeao".
 * desguañangao = ###### up, badly dressed or beaten up.
 * diablo rojo = large city bus, lit. "red devil". Also known as "liquid paper", "borrador" (eraser)in the sense that they often travel at high speeds and cause accidents or run over people.
 * doble cara = Literally "double-faced", and has the same meaning non-literally (deceitful, hypocriictal). ex. "¡Eres manso doble cara! = "You're such a hypocrite!"
 * echar un cinco = "Take 5". 1. To Sleep for a little while. 2. To fight.
 * el Chino = a corner store (bodega), lit. "the Chinaman". Originates from the fact many Chinese migrated to Panama to help build the Panama Railroad, and many corner stores are owned and run by Chinese immigrants. Other countries have similar social patterns, for instance, the "Arab" corner store of France.
 * el de las pelotas = English Translation of = "Of the balls" see juega vivo
 * en panga = un-cool, un-interesting, not hip. From "panga", whose usage in Latin America varies but overall refers to a small water vehicle; the use comes from the fact that a panga navigates slowly, therefore it "is left behind" by the current trends. "Tas en panga" (You suck)
 * emparapetao = To fix something in a very unreliable way. usually with adhesive tape. Example: Tienes el bumper del carro todo emparapetao
 * en Bosnia = "In Bosnia" Means you are no where to be found. Example: "Ese man esta en Bosnia".
 * enculado = Very in love, especially at the beginning of a relationship. Example: Rodolfo está enculado.
 * engomado = when you wake up after a night when you have drink a lot, when you have a hangover.
 * eso ni es = Literally "That isn't even (something)". When something is not right. ex. man eso NI ES
 * faracho = ataque, heart attack (e.g. Le dio un faracho! = le dio un ataque/colapso). Syn. beri-beri, jaratac.
 * firi-firi = very skinny man or woman (Ana es una firi-firi). On its superlative form BIEN FIRI-FIRI (extremely skinny!).
 * flus = Cash money. From Arabic "fulus" (a small amount of money), Maltese "flus" (money). Ex. Que va, hoy voy a chupar en mi chantin porque no tengo flus.
 * focop/focoot = Fucked up
 * fren = Friend
 * frulo = Have fear of something.
 * fula/o = blonde
 * gallo = meaning awful, distasteful, sucky, used commonly to express cheap objects. (e.g. Ese restaurante estaba bien gallo. = That restaurant was very sucky.)
 * gargola = Applied to a really ugly woman (i.e.: Marta es mansa gargola = Marta is ugly as ####)
 * garra = friend. (from the english "paw") See "fren"
 * guachiman = guard. (from the English "watchman")
 * gufi = goofy. Crazy person, sometimes pronounced "bufi"
 * grajo = Body odor. A very nasty smell coming from the armpits. Example: hueles a grajo. (you are stinky)
 * gruvear = To fool around with someone, such as a one night stand. Also to bug someone or kid around with them. The word originated when Mireya Moscoso cheated on Arnulfo Arias with a man by the last name Gruber. People would say that Mireya was "grubeando". She eventually married Gruber and became Mireya Moscoso de Gruber. The word stuck around. It could also be said that it came from the English word "Groove" as in "We're grooving."
 * guarapo = non-alcoholic drink made of sugar cane.
 * guaro = referred to any type of alcoholic beverage, but truly means sugar cane liquor fermented from guarapo. Can be spelled "waro".
 * guial = Young woman. Derived from the English word "girl", through Jamaican English "gyal".
 * guilla'o = pot high, stoned, baked; but "quema'o" (Burning, as in the English slang "Blazin'" from "blazing up marijuana") is sometimes prefered instead. Overall it denotes a state of being unaware of something or anything at all. Its verbal form, gillarse (reflexive), has earned more meanings, such as "being astonished" (Eso me guilló = That astonished me), "being scared" (¡Que mala guilla! = ¡What a really scray thing!), "being confused" (Ando guilla'o = I'm confused/astonished/scared), etc.
 * hablar con los monstruos = Talk to the monsters. See "Llamar a Hugo".
 * hablas paja =Meaning you talk alot,Literal meaning “drooler” as in you got verbal diarrhea also sh*t talker ex:“Tu si hablas paja” = “You talk a lot of sh*t”
 * hasta la tuza = phrase generally used to express "up to..." when drunken
 * hasta la verga = Extremely drunk or fucked up. Also: Hasta la zapatilla, hasta la wacha, hasta la wacharneta, hasta la requete
 * hijo de la Luna = "Moon man". Referring to an Albino Native Panamanian.
 * hooooombeee... = same as ayyyyyyyy.
 * huevear = "To egg around". An expression used to describe the action of not doing anything productive, as in "loafing around". (Hoy solo vamos a webiar= today we aren't going to do a thing; today we'll loaf around). Comes from "awebao". Also used as a synonym of hanging out. (see "parkear")
 * ir a tocar el arpa = Idiomatic phrase comming from the common image that Heaven's angels play the harp, therefore "going to play the harp" is "going to Heaven", i.e. dying.
 * inchi pinchi = inseparable friends. amigos que siempre están juntos. Ej. "Jorge es inchi pinchi de Irán".
 * irse al kinder = To make a mistake, made popular in panamanian boxing tv show. Example: Jorge Cáceres se fue al kinder.
 * is = reversed for si, affirmation or simply yes. It has become customary for Panamanians to reverse words as a form of slang.
 * ¡Jo! = expression used to denote affirmation, surprise, exaggeration, admiration or anything that shocks depending on the used tone. Equivalent to English interjection "Damn!". (e.g. ¡Jo! Esa negra esta hermosa. = That black woman is beautiful.) A shortened version of ¡Carajo!
 * jumarse = used commonly instead of emborracharse (to get drunk)
 * keton = a box of cigarette.
 * la botaste = meaning that you did something awesome, great or cool (comes from the English phrase: you hit it out of the park).
 * la hace = "It does it", something cool or awesome.
 * la kenton = When someone promises you something and does not deliver. "Rafa me hizo la kenton, me dijo que iba a venir yme dejó esperando. Syn. la pacheca.
 * la ultima coca cola del desierto = Literally means "The last Coca-Cola of the Desert" as in "the last resort", therefore "something very valuable". Something (usually someone) that is the best of the best. ex. ¡Ay, ese man se cree la ultima coca cola del desierto, aw! = "Damn, that dude thinks he's so important!"
 * laope = reversed form of "pelao". See pelao for meaning.
 * laopecillo = From "pelaito". Diminutive expression for "little boy"
 * lechero/lechudo = Fortunate person. "Joaquín es un lechudo, gana todas las apuestas".
 * llamar a Hugo = To vomit. It comes from the sound drunks make while vomiting.
 * llesca = Reversed of calle. Example: "Vamos pa la llesca" (Let's go to the street, let's go out)
 * lokario or lokoide = A person very, very crazy! It might be used too as a greeting (this obviously if your very aquaintanced with this person).
 * lírica = watch cinta ex. tiraa tu lírica freen!
 * machín candao = A phrase said in playgrounds that prevents others from kicking you in the butt if you have to bend over to pick something up, or for whatever reason.
 * maleante = Literally "bad-doer". "Gang member, criminal, etc." Racataca's male mate (see "racataca"). Usually belongs to a gang in the ghettos.
 * manzanillos = A rich/famous person's entourage and leech off of them. Buddies that follow and take advantage of someone for interest (ex. Roberto Duran has tons of Manzanillos)
 * marias = maid, popular because many maids share this name (María).
 * maricon = butterfly, gay
 * mariflor = syn gay
 * marimacha = Woman who acts and dresses like a man, a tomboy.
 * mascabola = Literally "ball-chewer". A cock sucker. Also "Masca Verga"
 * matapuerco = "pig killer". A punch thrown without any technique.
 * me sabe a cake = lit. "It tastes like cake to me" means I don't give a damn.
 * me lo paso por los huevos = see "me sabe a cake".
 * meneito = cheese chips or also song by Gaby or butt movement "shaking your tail feather"
 * meña = see maleante.
 * meto = a word from the Province of Chiriqui that is said when someone has screwed up. See "Chuzo". In other regions of Panama, it is used pejoratively as a way to identify Chiricans, similar to the pejorative relationship given to "eh" and Canadians in places like USA.
 * micha = Literally "pussy" in both senses (little cat or vagina). In theory, means the same as chucha (vagina). However, to Panamanians this usually the main slang for vagina, and therefore "chucha"'s meaning is often restricted to other idiomatic expresions.
 * micho = cat
 * micro onda = term used to describe girls that tease. From Microwave, because they heat up but do not eat ("Calienta pero no come").
 * mili = From militarely. To do something with disregard for authority, odds, or common sense. Ex. "Dale mili"= go anyway.
 * mopri = reversed for primo, meaning cousin and used as buddy in English.
 * morrina = rotten dog food, also used for any rotten food.
 * motete = Farmer's bag to carry/transport products from the farm (bolsa de campesino);
 * nítido = cool, awesome
 * nístido = cool, awesome
 * ni chicha ni limonada = neither one thing nor the other. (neither juice nor lemonade)
 * nueve letras = Popular name for the highest selling brand of Seco in Panama, Herrerano, which has nine letters.
 * ñame = A starchy root often used in soups. Used to refer to someone who is crazy
 * ñampiao = gone crazy, gufi
 * Ñangara = Disrespectful name for a Communist
 * ñañeco = crybaby.
 * ñaño/ñorro/cueco = homosexual, gay. (e.g. El ñaño de Juan gusta de Pepe).
 * ñinga = cat excrement.
 * offi = Means O.K., comes from "oficial". Double "ff" influenced by English "official".
 * on = reversed for no, negation or simply no.
 * osea = a way of expressing surprise, disgust; commonly used by yeyes (see "yeye").
 * oye eso = would you listen to that? Expression showing approval after hearing a cool story. You: "Ayer me levanté a 3 guiales" Friend: "Oye eso!!"
 * pa = short for "para" (for), as in "esto es pa' ti" (this is for you)
 * pai pai y no estoy = Panamanian boxing technique made famous by former world champ Jaime Rios. It consists of hitting your opponent and then stepping back.
 * pai (Pay) = from the word Pie, a beautiful girl. Supposed to come from the perverted perception of a Panamanian man while staring at the front of a woman's bikini bottom (resembling a slice of pie). Hence the expression "Que pai".
 * palante = union of the words para adelante (literally: go forward) but actually means leaving or abandoning a party or place. Example: Fui palante (I left)
 * palanquear = to use one's influence to help another person get a job or pick up a member of the opposite sex.
 * palo = one dollar (buck) used as in Me costó 5 palos (it cost me 5 bucks) Used also for "tree." Example: "Voy a mear atras del palo. "I'm going to pee behind that tree"
 * pato = Gay. Literally, "duck". Note: Greek "Pathos" (literally "suffering") has been used with the same connotation during certain ages.
 * pavo = A bus driver's (see diablo rojo) helper/co-worker, usually hangs by the door announcing the route the bus is on and instructs to "dale pa' tras" "go all the way back" meaning there is still room, even though people are standing up. Literally "Turkey."
 * pebre = Food
 * pela = A beating, mostly sports-related (e.g. Los Bravos le dieron una pela a los Yankees.)
 * pelao = slang meaning dude. (e.g. Yo conozco ese pelao. = I know that dude.)
 * pelar el bollo = To die. Lit. "To peal the tamale"
 * pelonera = Young boys game where the loser gets hit in he head by the others until he reaches the machin. To slap someone in the back of the head repeatedly. Usually performed by one or more individuals at school.
 * perro = Someone who has many girls and/or cheats very often. Compare English slang "player" and Jamaican "gallis".
 * petatearse = To die.
 * pichazo = A lot of. Ex. Un pichazo de gente= A lot of people. Lit. A dickful
 * pichi = Cocaine.
 * piedrero = A homeless person that has a deep addiction to "crack cocaine". Crack in Panamanian Spanish is often called "piedra"("stone"/"ice"). Can also be used to tell a person that the way they are poorly dressed and not good looking. Lit. Stoner
 * pifa o Pixbae = A wild fruit; called "chontaduro" in other Latin American countries
 * pifia: Word used in the 80's to describe something cool.
 * pilar = to study
 * pilinki = a cheap person (persona tacaña)
 * pilla = from the verb "to look" or "Gotcha". Mirar, Observar, atrapar. "pilla esto" = "look at this", "te pillé" = "I Gotcha".
 * piñatero = In baseball, when a batter swings at a very high pitch and misses he is called a Piñatero, as in trying to hit a Piñata.
 * pindin = The typical music of Panama's central provinces, also called Musica Tipica or just Tipico.
 * pipi sweet = Womanizer or a "Don Juan." Literally, "Sweet dick".
 * pitufo = Small pick up truck or small 2 door sedan, it literally means 'smurf' (from the TV show) but it can be also for the trucks the police use in riots that shoot out water.
 * plantintá = From "plantain tart". An empanada made with plantain inside.
 * plena = Panamanian version of reggae, Also a word for reggae en Espanol in Panama. Example: "DJ pon plena" (DJ play some plena). From "bomba" and "plena", two traditional music genres from Puerto Rico, whose meaning was taken out of context. To the date, "bomba y plena" are used in common language out of their original context to refer to Dancehall & Reggae en Español music.
 * policia muerto = Speed bump. Example: Dale suave que viene un policia muerto (Go slow, there is a speed bump coming) Literally, "Dead policeman", due to the bumping it produces as if one had "passed over a policeman".
 * polla(o) = Someone's girlfriend/boyfriend. Example: "Esa es la polla de Marc."
 * ponchera = Something unusually cool, unexpected or scandalous party. Example: Hoy se formo tremenda ponchera en la discoteca.
 * por fuera = it means out, I'm gone.
 * puesto quemao = playground way of preventing others from taking your seat
 * puñete/puñetazo = a punch with the fist.
 * puro Tilin Tilin Y Nada De Paleta = "All bells and no popsicles". A saying that describes a person who says is going to do or has something and doesn't have it "tilin" stands for the sound of a bell of the ice cream man as he passes through the neighborhood. Could be also for a guy that says he is a lady's man but then they notice he is a fake.
 * push = a "love motel", i.e. a hotel catering primarily to people seeking a venue for discreet sexual encounters, usually offering hourly rates
 * qué xopá = common expression meaning "What's up? What's new?" Sometimes shortened to just xopa, the equivalent of "Wassup". Reverse of "Que paso?".
 * que bestia/Ayala bestia = some type of expression non vulgar. "What a beast." It substitutes bestia for the vulgar "verga".
 * que Chucha Te Pasa? = to be used when very angry with someone. Literally means "What the fuck is wrong with you?"
 * que lo coors light = Qué locura
 * quemao = Stoned on weed. Same as Tostao.
 * quemar = To be unfaithful. Betray. To cheat. Literally, to burn.
 * quenque = Also Kenke Marihuana or pot, ganja, weed, reefer, joint. "Mastul" is also used by yeyes.
 * rabiblanco = term used to describe old money people. Literally translated to "white-tailed".
 * rabo = dick (Te voy a cortar el rabo = I'm going to cut your dick)
 * racataca / Rakataka / Raka = a female ruffian, a ratchet woman, a miscreant, an aggressive woman. It's the female "maleante". Racatacas wear lots of big bracelets and earrings so when they walk they click together and go "raca-taca raca-taca raca-taca."
 * racataca = A very unsophisticated person - the stereotype usually involves listening to reggae dancehall music (or reggaeton), wearing gold teeth, wearing Hip Hop styled clothing, multisyllabic composite names like SURISABEL or YAMIURKA. The term has been replaced (to some extent) by xacalito/xakalito/chacalito (literally "little jackal"). Compare Mexican "chaka" and other Latin terms like "amixer", which convey a similar meaning.
 * raspaito = Scratch-off lottery tickets.
 * raspao = Cone of scraped ice, usually filled with very colorful and sweet syrups.
 * ratita mopri awebao = Stereotypically, how rich kids call each other.
 * real = A 5-centavo coin.
 * recula = See "revosh".
 * refine = Means a meal or to eat (refinar).
 * rejeros = Refers to a group of men who only hang out with males. They usually go out in packs to try to pick up women, but often fail at doing so. During weekends they will typically hang out at a guy's house and drink amongst themselves. Also, they can be spotted at strip clubs too. A man who belongs to this group is know as a "rejero". The word became popular after a TV Show (La Cascara) ran a skit based on four fictional rejeros.
 * repellar = To eat, eventhough you just ate.
 * reventar, detonar, romper to tease or mock another person
 * revosh = Reverse in a car.
 * rochadera = Make out session.
 * rompe pecho = Refers to a large glass bottle of beer or soda, meant to be drunk by one person. Approximately 750 mL.
 * sacapulmón = see "mata puerco". A punch to the stomach with very bad technique.  Translates literally to "pulling out the lungs".
 * sacar la chucha = 1. To beat up 2. to be involved in a really bad accident. (Sacale la chucha a ese man - Beat that guy up; el carro se saco la chucha - the car got all ###### up)
 * sae = Shortened form of the Spanish verb "saber" (To know).
 * saina = Refers to a poser or one who tries to imitate and insinuate stuff they're not about just for show and impress (a "fronter").
 * sainear = To pose a certain look or impression you want to give off. What a "saina" does.
 * sakakaka = A popular game, when they hit you in your ass. Comes from "saca" (take out) "caca" (shit)
 * salió el fulo = The sun just came out.
 * sapote = a big version of chucha (see Chucha) Literally, toad.
 * sarao = tacky school dances done throughout the school year.
 * se le moja la canoa = ("His canoe is getting wet or sinking") it refers when a man does or acts in a "gayish" way ex: A ese man se le ta mojando la canoa.
 * seco con vaca = Popular liquor Seco mixed with milk. (Seco with cow)
 * sin suan = A playground swing. (Swing swang).
 * sizaña = Ver "cizaña".
 * solido = Referring to something that is cool or awesome. Literally "Solid".
 * sopa = In basketball, a blocked shot. Also, sopón.
 * sopa = The pool of sweat that forms in the underarm of a shirt. Literally, "Soup."
 * soplamoco = Literally "mucus-blow, mucus-blower". A punch or slap in the face.
 * surra surra = Literally "slide slide". A playground slide.
 * ta cruel = when something is really bad, or really good.
 * ta = short for está (it is), as in "Ta bueno" (It's good)
 * taquilla = Like lie in English Example " pura taquilla" = "It's all lies"
 * tarrantantan = see Buco. Buco tarrantantan (too many). Ex: Hay buco tarrantantan de hembras en la llesca = There's a lot of girls in the street.
 * tas ahueva/o!" could mean "You egghead!" or "you idiot!"
 * tas pescando = a person who is going to go out and pick up someone of the opposite sex/sexual partner. Literally, "going fishing."
 * tas' ahorcando al padre = You have a wedgie. Literally "you are choking the priest".
 * tas loco!" = Like the english "WTF!!" Made popular in panamanian boxing tv show.
 * tatai = good bye in baby talk. It originated from the Chinese language.
 * tatequieto = A punch that leaves someone knocked out (without movement).
 * tavuel = Reversed form of vuelta. Vamos a dar una tavuel, would mean to go out (sometimes pronounced Taswel).
 * tella = a way to call the bottle of alcohol.
 * tembol (Triki) = Playground way of calling a "time out"
 * tongo = policeman or "cop"
 * tortillera = Disrespectful way to say lesbian. Literally, "tortilla maker." Equivalent Colombian "arepera"
 * tostao/a = Literally "toasted". Used when someone has just smoked weed (Julio esta tostao de tanto fuma.). Similar to English slang "baked".
 * totuma = Dried coconut fruit used by natives to carry water and taking a shower. Could also mean a type of haircut.
 * toy = Short form of "estoy". Meaning "I am there"
 * tralalai-la = gay
 * tranque = Traffic jam. Example: Llegué tarde por el tranque (I was late because of the traffic jam)
 * trepa que sube = A very bad situation. Also known as arroz con mango.
 * trifulca = Huge brawl. Made popular by Barrios de Trifulca, a newspaper column.
 * tripear = Derived from the English "Trippin'". To enjoy.
 * tuti-fruti = fruit cocktail in a can usually used on Jell-O and at every birthday party. If refering to a juice or "chicha" flavor, its simply means a mixed fruit juice.
 * un blanco = cigarette (cigarillo). Literally "a white one", refering to cigarette's color.
 * una pinta / Una fría = a beer (una cerveza); una fría = "a cold one"; cerveza is also used.
 * vaina = used to fill out blank spaces in conversations, also used like "cosa" (thing). Example: dame esa vaina meaning "give me that thing". Sometimes considered swearing, therefore equated to "shit" as in "give me that shit".
 * vamos pal cuero = means let's go at it or let's do it, meaning to perform any non-specific action.
 * vamos pal war = Let's have sex. Literally, "Let's go to the war.". It may also mean "going to a gunfight".
 * verguero = A very big problem. (Que verguero se le formo al presidente.)
 * wari-wari = Language spoken by the people of the Bocas del Toro province years ago. It's a creole language originating from English, Spanish and French.
 * welemedia/soksniffa = Literally, "sock sniffer." Also, a person who sucks up.
 * xopá = a special greeting word derived from the reversal of "pasó", from "¿qué pasó?" meaning "what's up?", lit. "what happened"
 * yeye = a wealthy person who likes to show off a lot. Preppy kid. For example someone who lives in Punta Paitilla, drives multiple luxury cars, and refuses to eat fried fish at beach side locals restaurants.
 * yeyooo = Greeting among Panamanian youth. Meaning everything is cool. Comes from singer "El Kid"
 * zambito/a = In the region of Azuero (The Provinces of Los Santos and Herrera) is a slang meaning dude, child or teenagers (boys) Zambita fem. slang meaning dude, child or teenagers (Girls)
 * zocarest, golpe de ala or grajo = bad smell under armpit.

title: Appendix:Glossary of Panamanian Spanish


text:
para abajo

Noun

 * 1) a dance movement in salsa

Adverb

 * 1) down
 * 2) downward

title: para abajo


text:
PHAR

Noun

 * : a file format that contains an entire PHP application.

title: PHAR


text:
phone monkey

Noun

 * 1)  A receptionist or secretary charged with receiving or vetting phone calls.

title: phone monkey


text:
plycount

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  The total number of moves in a game, counting each player's move as 1.
 * 2) * 2004. Jaap van den Herik, Hiroyuki Iida, Ernst A. Heinz. Advances in Computer Games: Many Games, Many Challenges... Springer 2004, p. 216 :
 * Take note that if the side to move first wins, the plycount must be an odd number, since that side makes the last move.

title: plycount


text: Appendix:Polish Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Polish Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Portuguese Swadesh list

List
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
 * Orthography :
 * verbs : infinitive
 * other words : masculine or neutral, singular, nominative (subject)

For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.

The showed pronunciation is the pronunciation generally used in Portugal (EP) and/or in Brazil (BP). Depending on the speakers and the area, the actual pronunciation may differ, more or less significantly, from the showed pronunciation.
 * Pronunciation :

title: Appendix:Portuguese Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Quechuan Swadesh list

Note on orthography: Quechua orthography may change from one source to another.

title: Appendix:Quechuan Swadesh list


text:
racaille

Etymology
, perhaps from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  people, mainly young, who engage in antisocial behaviour; rabble, riffraff; rascals
 * 2) * 2005, a resident of an estate hit by rioting and the Interior Minister :
 * "fr"

- resident: Monsieur Sarkozy, est-ce que vous pouvez nous débarrasser de cette racaille ? Sarkozy: Vous voulez qu'on vous débarrasse de cette racaille, on va le faire.

title: racaille


text: restrictive practices

title: restrictive practices


text: Appendix:Romani Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Romani Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Romanian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Romanian Swadesh list


text:
rule of thumb

Etymology
Attested since 1658. Of uncertain origin, but probably based on the use of the thumb as reference for various measurements. For instance, one theory notes that the inch originated as the distance between the base of the thumbnail and the first joint, another notes the practice of approximating the general direction of the wind by wetting the thumb then raising it in the air. A third theory notes that English royal banquet plate setters used the distance of their thumbs to equally space each plate from the table edge.

The erroneous claim that the term referred to the maximum thickness of a stick with which it was permissible for a man to beat his wife has appeared in The Washington Post and Time; it may originate from Del Martin's 1976 book Battered Wives.

Noun

 * 1) A general guideline, rather than a strict rule; an approximate measure or means of reckoning based on experience or common knowledge.
 * 2)  Approximated, guesstimated.
 * 1)  Approximated, guesstimated.
 * 1)  Approximated, guesstimated.
 * 1)  Approximated, guesstimated.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:saying

Translations

 * Arabic: قَاعِدَة عَامَّة
 * Catalan: regla general
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 拇指規則, , 經驗法則, 一般規則
 * Danish: tommelfingerregel
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, peukalosääntö
 * French: règle générale, ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek: πρακτικός κανόνας, βασικός κανόνας
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: þumalputtaregla
 * Italian: a lume di naso
 * Japanese: 大体の目安, 目の子算
 * Macedonian: општо начело
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: tommelfingerregel
 * Nynorsk: tommelfingerregel
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian: практи́ческое пра́вило, эмпири́ческий приём
 * Spanish: regla general
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: pratik kural

title: rule of thumb


text: Appendix:Russian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Russian Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Scottish Gaelic Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Scottish Gaelic Swadesh list


text:
scratch sheet

Noun

 * 1) A publication that lists the horses withdrawn from a day's horse races, along with the betting odds and statistics for the horses that are running.
 * 2)  A publication that lists participants in a competitive sporting event or in a political campaign.
 * 3) * 2002 July 31, "More than 250 Opti prams crowd bay in perfect sailing weather", Sarasota Herald-Tribune, page 64:
 * The scratch sheet – a listing of the competitors – said that the White, Red and Blue fleets totaled 196 boats, run in four classes of 49 boats each.

title: scratch sheet


text:
sequential file

Noun

 * 1)  A file which consists of the same record types that is stored on a secondary storage device. The physical sequence of records may be based upon sorting values of one or more data items or fields.

title: sequential file


text: Appendix:Serbo-Croatian Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Serbo-Croatian Swadesh list


text:
serial file

Noun

 * 1)  A type of sequential file consisting of multiple data records with the same fields.

title: serial file


text:
short break

Noun

 * 1) A short vacation or holiday.

title: short break


text: Appendix:Slovene Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Slovene Swadesh list


text:
slumgullion

Etymology
, but said to derive from and. Attested from the late nineteenth century in reference to a watery beverage (see quotation below). Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A stew of meat and vegetables.
 * 2) A beverage made watery, such as weak coffee or tea.
 * 3) A reddish muddy deposit in mining sluices.
 * 4) A waste product or byproduct from processing whales or fish.
 * 1) A reddish muddy deposit in mining sluices.
 * 2) A waste product or byproduct from processing whales or fish.
 * 1) A waste product or byproduct from processing whales or fish.

title: slumgullion


text:
snoof

Etymology 1
Perhaps an alteration of or ; or perhaps a.

Verb

 * 1) To sniff around, usually in the search for food.

Etymology 2
Probably coined by Galsworthy (see quotations).

Adjective

 * 1)  Having lost the sense of smell.
 * 2) * 1946, Una Jeffers to Dorothy Brett, The Collected Letters Of Robinson Jeffers. With Selected Letters Of Una Jeffers, volume 3, Stanford, p. 410:
 * it means when a person lacks his sense of smell. I'm glad I'm not snoof.
 * it means when a person lacks his sense of smell. I'm glad I'm not snoof.

title: snoof


text: Appendix:Spanish Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Spanish Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Sranan Tongo Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Sranan Tongo Swadesh list


text:
Starkbier

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) doppelbock brewed for early spring consumption

title: Starkbier


text:
Appendix:Swahili Swadesh list

List

 * The words preceded by a hyphen (-) are radicals of a verb or an adjective that may be inflected in the noun class system.

title: Appendix:Swahili Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Swedish Swadesh list

Presentation

 * For further information, read the article: Swadesh list

The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
 * a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
 * a reduced 100 words version.

This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.

title: Appendix:Swedish Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Tagalog Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Tagalog Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Tahitian Swadesh list

List
The orthography used in the list is the one recommended by the Tahitian Academy.
 * Orthography :

title: Appendix:Tahitian Swadesh list


text: Appendix:Tajik Swadesh list

title: Appendix:Tajik Swadesh list


text: ticky tacky

title: ticky tacky


text:
tolling agreement

Etymology 1
+

Noun

 * 1)  An agreement by a toller with an owner of raw materials to process the raw material for a specified fee ("toll") into a product with the raw material and the product remaining the property of the provider of the raw material. E.g. converting fuel into electricity at a certain price.
 * 2)  An agreement to deliver a specified amount of raw material per period through a particular processing facility.
 * 1)  An agreement to deliver a specified amount of raw material per period through a particular processing facility.
 * 1)  An agreement to deliver a specified amount of raw material per period through a particular processing facility.

Noun

 * 1)  An agreement that has the effect of tolling or suspending the course of a fixed period of time, as a statute of limitations.

title: tolling agreement