text:
Wiktionary talk:Main Page/Archive 1

---

Wiktionary has been upgraded to the current stable MediaWiki software
I like the TOC feature, per-section-edit feature. That's very nice. Only, I feel a bit uncomfortable the changes in fonts. It looks a little ugly in my browser, especially the kanji characters. I have try with tuning my browser preferences but can't get it back like previous software's appearance. Am the only one? Petruk 09:21, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * The standard stylesheet doesn't specify any fonts, so your browser defaults are always used. The new version does slightly alter the font sizes used for some parts of the screen: the topbar and sidebar are at 95% of default size. But body text should not be different at all. --Brion

 * After doing some hacks, it looks like the tag is the cause. When I change it to, they got it normal again. Petruk 11:06, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Your browsers probably has different font settings available for various different writing systems / languages / language groups / encodings / something. With no language set, it may be using some sort of generic "unicode" setting, while with English set it may be going for "Western" or "Latin" or "Latin 1" or something of that nature. Try fiddling with these until you've got the fonts you want... (Why do browsers have to be so difficult!!!??) --Brion

 * You are right. I got the same good result when I change the font setting for 'Western' -- I use Mozilla 1.3 . I could't get these result when tuning font setting for 'Unicode'. So maybe the Lang attribute fixed it to 'Western'. Thanks a lot for the explanation. Petruk 11:50, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Database Dump
Good News... Finally!! Wiktionary DB dump can be downloaded now. http://download.wikipedia.org Press RELOAD if it still shows you 0 bytes (that was what happened with my browser). Now all of you can start doing experiments :-) Thanks to Brion. Petruk 13:52 Aug 15, 2003 (UTC)

ref: http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-August/011322.html

RESOLVED: Wiktionary namespace issues
Is something wrong with the Wiktionary namespace or something?

see: Wiktionary:List of pages in Wiktionary: namespace...

It looks to me like Wiktionary: redirects to the Main namespace as it would from Wikipedia, but this is not how it is supposed to behave here in Wiktionary...

Emperorbma 00:19 Aug 15, 2003 (UTC)

 * Oops! That should be fixed now. --Brion 18:51 Aug 15, 2003 (UTC)

 * Yup, thankee... -- Emperorbma

Importing the WikiProject concept
See WikiProject

Free Online Spanish Language Course
One of the links on the main Wiktionary page is to Language courses. I'm offering for adding there my free, online course in Reading Spanish. The preferred way to link to this resource is to http://bigfoot.com/~daniel.eisenberg OR http://bigfoot.com/~daniel.eisenberg/readsp/spcourse.htm, and NOT anything involving users.ipfw.edu.

Daniel Eisenberg

 * Just in reference to language courses, should these be put into Wiki Textbooks? or should language based Textbooks be put into Wiktionary?

 * I would prefer putting *all* courses into Textbooks and then linking from Wiktionary, as people wanting courses of any kind would be more likely to go to WTB than they would to come to a dictionary. The TB can link to the Wiktionary for specific words, but the course itself should be in TB.

Neolux 16:35 Jul 27, 2003 (UTC)

 * This certainly should be done, but it could not happen before WTB was started. WD already has some good material on Polish. Eclecticology 18:02, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

1913 Webster's
I have been in recent contact with the project leader of Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) which is hosted at http://dict.org. He seems to be interested in collaboration although I think he is a bit warry about wiki. --Either way we could get a huge head-start by using the 1913 dictionary. I'm sure Ram-Man would love to sick his bot on the data. --Maveric149 03:04 Nov 26, 2002 (UTC)

Other projects
For comparison/thought-provoking, here are a couple of non-wiki, purpose-built one<->many language dictionary projects:
 * ReVo - Reta Vortaro; an Esperanto dict (click 'Lingvoj' for indexes in other languages)
 * jbovlaste - a Lojbandict (it has a wiki too, but it's supplementary)

What I've been wondering about, is what to do about words that only a small number of people use (or words I make up)? I mean to my knowledge there is no official english language, just various versions of it. So, why shouldn't I be allowed to add an entry for my favourite new word "Fushtakkiganya". Now, obviously you're unlikely to find this in any dictionary, but could I still add it here if I wanted to. There doesn't seem to be any policy on this yet. I mean who decides what is a word and what isn't? Smelialichu 18:58 Dec 13, 2002 (UTC)

Well obviously you jsut cant make up a word. But if it is used in a local area, the yes it can be added and said where it comes from. - fonzy (example:Apples and Pairs can be added)

 * I just added something here but it disappeared...what happened? Anyways I was suggesting that we DO allow newly coined terms (even those newly coined by just an individual) since words are a great human invention enabling us to more readily express our thoughts.  The categorization pages such as By Topic (particularly if one can sort by category, say by viewing multiple categories at once such as newly coined science words) should help with this.  Words like Sniglets or a recent Saturday Night Live sketch, though made originally in jest, could become points of reference in the future.  To me, Wiktionary is the ideal for this given that it is not limited to formally reviewed definitions, but allows (with collaborative refinement) anyone to add to a body of knowledge.  This would be particularly true if one could search more authoritatively recognized words separately from these idiosyncratic coined terms (though allow a combination search as well). user:brettz9

 * Although new words may usually catch on in a haphazard manner of people diffusing the new word among friends, or authors risking putting their new word in print before it is widely known, it seems to me to be a great potential of Wiktionary--if not the essential advantage Wiki technology can offer when applied to dictionaries (besides offering a wholly free alternative to advertisement-supported dictionaries)--to allow accelerated proactive linguistic development through deliberate discussion, and collaboration and refinement of terminology. Though linguistics (American anyways) has, to my awareness anyways, focused largely on the "equality" of languages, there is no question that languages can progress in terms of becoming more expressive, at least within specific domains by offering nuanced alternative vocabulary, more terms which allow specificity or ambiguity, etc.  It seems to me that this process can be advanced by having a central location for focusing a debate/collaboration.  In this way, if someone perceives a need for a term, Wiktionary (or something like it) would in my mind be an ideal central location to advance this.  For example, if let's say some English speaker (or translator) felt deprived by not having a word for male or female cousins, he or she could suggest "cousina" and "cousino".  Someone might present "cousinette" as an alternative (of course, this feature might be easier regularized to apply for all words in an invented language, but we are, for the time being at least, "stuck" with English).  Or, maybe I am frustrated that "and/or" does not allow the possibility to imply that one of the items should at least be included--Maybe I will invent the word "ayor" to substitute for "at least...and possibly also" (e.g., "I would like rice ayor chicken.")  Where else besides a site like wiktionary might I as a common Joe be able to go to ensure I had a central forum to be heard, where other people interested in words in general (i.e., those watching the "recent changes" list (i.e., language news) or those specifically interested in new conjunctions (i.e., those watching the conjunctions pages) could consider the suggestion, and possibly start diffusing the idea into widespread acceptance by trying it out themselves in their own speech/writing.  And although others might otherwise be too afraid that others would not accept the term, they might have more confidence that people unsure of a meaning for a word they use (or a standard spelling, etc.) could check the vast Wiktionary database (I'm projecting in the future here) for this new obscure word's meaning/spelling.  Wouldn't that be awesome?  Haven't other people here felt frustrated by the limits of language (just like the limits of computer software) and wanted a mechanism for giving feedback to improve it?  Why should coining new terms be limited to those who own national magazines and journals or television stations?  Granted, anybody can coin a term as it stands now, but there is no real forum to diffuse it into acceptance.  Now, I understand the founders of Wiktionary might not see this as the direction they would like Wiktionary to go and would like to keep word contributions restricted for whatever reason, but I would like to voice the argument that some forum should exist for this kind of thing if not Wiktionary, and in my mind, Wiktionary could not be dedicated to something better, at least if it is feasible for contributors and word-searchers/browsers to distinguish between newly coined words and words which are already widely used (for those who only want to know/use the "authoritative" word or spelling--though even that distinction may be unnecessary, especially if we do not ensure that objective means are used to ascertain the frequency of a word's usage (in particular contexts))  user:brettz9

Interwiki links
I think it would be valuable to find a way to pull interwiki links from Wikipedia pages. They are more or less exact translations of a given English word into several foreign languages. Perhaps some script to extract the existing ones from the English Wikipedia and also simultaneously add to Wiktionary any future additions of interwiki links. Kpjas Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:56:46 +0100

Linking to other dictionaries
see Links to other language sites

Indexing by language
Hi, Could there be a classification of the words by language? By example, if I want to list all French words? And, what about dictionary in other languages? Is there any such thing already? Yann PS: The font is not very readable. (I think.) I think Times is used? Why not the same font as for the encyclopedia?

 * The default skin on both Wikipedia and Wiktionary does not specify any fonts; it uses your browser's default font. --Brion

 * 1) Hard indexing by language has its difficulties. It's only manageable of the project stays small, and if people consistnently remember to put their entries in the appropriate index. I did at one time suggest adding codes to Wikipedia articles to facilitate searches, but that idea was shot down.
 * 2) *See also the Disinfopedia guy's recent inline meta-data proposal on wikitech-l. May be workable, may not be, but it tickles me the right way. --Brion
 * 3) **Interesting, now that I read it more carefully than when I saw it on the mailing list. My biggest complaint about it would be having to type in all these long tags.  That's a turn off for those who want to keep things simple "weapons of mass destruction" is 27 characters long!  I still think that a box for codes on each article would be more workable.  for Wiktionary a code search for "jpn" would give all the articles on japanese words.  The other difference in our two ideas is in where to do the coding: on the article as a whole or on the links to the article.  Putting them at the links means doing so every time a link is made, whether or not the article exists.  If you code the article, it only needs to be done once.  Yet another idea that I raised some months ago was to use the "what links here function" to create a trace back to the main page.  Eclecticology
 * 4) ***The thing that attracts me about the suggested system is that's it's both human-readable and instantly extensible: if a category or property doesn't already exist, just write it in! Codes are difficult to remember, require a reference table to look up, non-obvious to the first-time viewer, and it's not clear how someone would add a new one if the repertoire is insufficient for their needs. As far as back-tracking to the main page, this is a potentially slow operation that requires spidering every possible link path until we find the Main Page (if we find the main page). --Brion
 * 5) **One problem with the write-in categories is that they will vary fom one individual to another; the British and American expressions could lead to different lists depending on what was going on in the mind of the contributor. Nevertheless, your criticisms of a code system are well taken.  Of course, no user would be under any obligation to encode, someone else could always fill that in later. The new viewer will no need to concern himself with the codes, but they would be there as a convenient tool when he needs it.  We have a lot of Wikipedia articles that have only been minimally wikied; I can't see the contributors of those articles developing any new enthusiasm for putting tags on the wikis they haven't written.  There's no getting away from having a reference table, but I suspect that in practice most people will remember a few key codes in their favorite subject areas and forget about the rest.  How easily new codes could be added is a function of how the coding system is designed.  Even if we stop at a simple 3-letter code system, that potentially has 263 = 17,576 codes.  If there was a reasonable chance that a coding system could be adopted, I would be more than happy to work on the details to address that problem.  With a coding system there should also be nothing to prevent an article from having more than one code when appropriate.
 * 6) **Back-tracking was a completely different suggestion which I originally made at a different time. At the time (before the Ram Man city contributions) I was surprised to find that in a small randomly selected sample, most articles were not that many steps removed from the main page.  The spidering would not be such a serious problem once the process is set up.  Each article would have a distance factor in its record which would show its distance from the main page.  This factor would be 0 for orphans and the main page.  In dealing with the "what links here" list the search would only need to pursue paths where a minimum factor.  Some tweaks would be needed to deal with traces that end with an orphan or a link loop. Eclecticology
 * 7) There is broad support for Wiktionaries in other languages. What's missing sre people who are ready, willing and able to put such plans into action.
 * C'mon. So why have (at least) the French and Polish Wikipedias got so much dictionary type material ? Kpjas.
 * Evidently these people aren't as committed to the "Wikipedia is not a dictionary" rule:-) I would welcome Wiktionaries in these languages; it would be an opportunity for debugging multi-lingual links. Eclecticology

 * I would really like to see other language Wiktionaries too, preferably german :).
 * How would things like verbs (conjugation) be treated ? --Emp
 * It's up to the people contributing on the German Wiktionary to take the lead. Many of us here are not familiar enough with German conjugations to be of much help.  In the short run I would suggest that you choose a German verb with a regular conjugation, and begin developing a model that can be discussed.  I've already presented a declension for the Latin noun dies as a start, but declensions still tend to be much simpler than conjugations. Eclecticology 19:39 Jan 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * So i guess there is no German Wiktionary yet?! What would have to be done to get one up? My personal suggestion would be to use "flags" to distinguish between the grammatical kinds that a word can be. This could be used by the wiktionary itself and the end users for requesting certain info. For example a word flagged as a noun and a verb would request conjugation and declination.

Model in what way?
 * I hope we can get something to work...cheers --Emp
 * I've brought your interest in a German Wiktionary to User:Brion Vibber; he is the current disseminator of technical wisdom.
 * I don't understand what you mean by "flags in this context.
 * By a model I meant a series of tables showing the complete(?) conjugation of a selected regular verb. Something of the "I sing; thou singest; he sings" variety. Eclecticology
 * With flag i meant a selectable box. You select and do not type whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective etc...I hope i can work out the table as you requested though i am fairly busy now...but aren't we all a little busy ;). Are there plans of introducing a way to show pronunciation like the little pretty picture in the uppper left corner has? thanks --Emp
 * I'll leave it to Brion to respond about the flags.
 * Nobody disputes that pronunciations should be included in Wiktionary in some way. SAMPA and IPA systems have both been mentioned.  Although I personally favour IPA, not everybody's browser can handle these.  SAMPA avoids this problem, but I often find it to be counterintuitive.  There are also other possibiliies.  The logo has the IPA representation for the British pronunciation of "Wiktionary", but that just brings up another problem: How do we account for the fact that many words are not pronounced in the same way by everybody?  If I set up the article for a word, I tend to leave a place for pronunciation, but leave it for somebody else to fill in. Eclecticology 17:52 Jan 14, 2003 (UTC)

Inflected forms/dervied words
Should we have separate entries for inflected forms and such? e.g. separate entries for dog, dogs and sell, sells, sold, selling. Eric119 06:26 Feb 7, 2003 (UTC)
 * Sometimes. I think we can safely dispense with them when they are regular and straigtforward, but we should include them if their form is irregular or if there are significantly different meanings to the inflected form. Eclecticology 08:11 Feb 7, 2003 (UTC)~

Other Languages Role in the English (Multilingual) Wiktionary
There have been many requests to have separate Wiktionaries for different world langauges, a la Wikipedia subdomain fashion. I know Brion is working to get these things accomplished and I add my appreciation for his hard work on this matter.

Some issues related to this include:
 * 1) Use of indexes in foreign languages under Articles/By Language
 * 2) Inclusion of foreign languages on the English Wiktionary Main Page links
 * 3) What languages should be included. (for example Interlingua and Volapuk)
 * 4) Should it be by active Wiktionary projects or by number of contributors, ???
 * 5) Individual entries in English Wiktionary
 * 6) Include a suggested format? What's that to be?
 * 7) Foreign word descriptions in its own language or only in English.
 * 8) How does an English Wiktionary get to support multilingual entries?

These are some of the questions I've run into in discussions with other contributors. I'd appreciate any insights that may be submitted in a discussion of these points. Sincerely, User:ILVI (Jay B.) 2003 MAR 03
 * I've numbered your points for easy reference.
 * Re #1 - Go ahead with your index namespaces. I've no particular desire to maintain them, and since they don't interfere with the main body of articles, they don't bother me.
 * Re #2 - A link to each language index is appropriate.
 * Re #2-1 - Words in all languages are includible. Being an artificial language should not be a barrier except for idiosyncratic fantasies.
 * Re #2-2 - I don't understand the question.
 * Re #3-1 - Suggested format should be a matter of developing group agreement. Personally I have worked to encourage a particular format, and it is certainly open to discussion.  Although I have no intention to impose it, I intend to continue to use it in the absence of alternative visions that are open to discussion.
 * Re #3-2 - On the English Wiktionary the descriptions of all words (both English and foreign) should be in English. Similarly, on the Esperanto Wiktionary they should all be in Esperanto.
 * Re #3-3 - It strives to use UTF-8, and explains multilingual concepts to English speakers. Eclecticology 03:52 Mar 3, 2003 (UTC)

ISO 8601 date
I suggest include a link to the ISO time and date standard ( to ISO_8601

 * The date already appears this way on the main page Eclecticology 08:09 Apr 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * I was wondering why we need to have the date on the Main Page in ISO 8601 format -- or, for that matter, at all. Does it really make sense for a dictionary to have two formats of date on the main page (that must be changed daily)? -- Bdesham 17:42 Apr 27, 2003 (UTC)
 * If the point is that we should not show two date formats, I would vote for keeping the ISO 8601 format, and getting rid of the other, but having both formats appeals to a wider range of people. Having the date at all (in whatever format) is helpful to a lot of us who have difficulty knowing what day it is.  The date changes are done automatically; there is no need for anybody to do this manually.  If people had to do this manually, it would not be reliable at all. Eclecticology 18:22 Apr 27, 2003 (UTC)

I would like to see free-online-public language "books", and I guess wiki could be the way. It would be great especially for those, who can't buy such books, because they don't exist in their country / there are no courses / they don't have the money for it / etc. I think learning languages doesn't have to be an expensive commercial thing, it must be free, and it's up to us! 2003-04-16 16:56 UTC

 * If they can't afford books, how are they ever going to afford computers? Eclecticology 08:09 Apr 17, 2003 (UTC)
 * I guess computers at their library (though there are books there too...) - Brettz9 03:49 Apr 19, 2003 (UTC)
 * You don't really see the problem. Can you imagine a country where there are no books for every god damned language, not even in libraries? Simple example is Hungary where you can not learn norwegian if you think you would just learn it as hobby. The only way is to attend the scandinavistic faculty of only one university in the capital. But it's not a course, and not for everyone, not everywhere. And still no books to learn from. 17:16 Apr 20, 2003 (UTC)
 * Hungary was not a country I had in mind. The significant political influences on Hungary in the 20th century have not damaged an eisting level of appreciation for literacy in that country.  On a global scale Hungary is relatively well-off, even if not up to the level of the developed "Western" countries.  Perhaps it's a question of bureaucracy, but bureaucrats are likely to be more hostile to the internet than to books, and it does not seem that you have a difficulty with internet access.  If it's a matter of having books about Norwegian, why can't they simply be imported; it is certainly easy to find someone on the net willing to sell them.  If it's a question of books about Norwegian written for Hungarians it becomes a question of supply and demand.  How many Hungarians are interested in learning Norwegian?  In a communist Hungary the government could simply decree that 1,000 textbooks on the Norwegian language would be published, and it would happen.  In a free market economy if the potential publisher has no hope of recovering his costs he won't produce the book, and he can't make the price of the book so high that nobody can afford it.  On the internet there is a significant reduction in costs because there is no longer a need to produce a physical object.  Still, given the linguistic uniqueness of Hungarian, it will take a Hungarian speaker who already knows Norwegian to write the book or develop the Web Page; you can't reasonably expect outsiders to do that.

 * My previous response, which was perhaps a little flippant, was based on third-world countries. Sierra Leone, for example, is officially English speaking, but extremely poor (except for rebel controlled diamond mines needed for weapons purchases) and torn by civil war.  The big book that costs a day's wages in the United States, or a month's wages in Hungary, may not be bought for a year's wages in that country.  Libraries are not a realistic possibilities.  Many villages don't have electrical power so even if you go there as a visitor with a laptop you better have lots of expensive batteries that would be unimaginably expensive for the local population.  Eclecticology 18:20 Apr 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * By the way, the first posting in this discussion was not by me...just thought I'd chip in...It seems that projects like Project Gutenberg may be more suitable for some of these books. It'd be nice to see webspace become enormously accessible such that space would not be a problem for anybody and everybody to put up and connect together their own wiki projects (whether NPOV or not).  I know for myself that the internet saves me money over buying a multiplicity of printed books, both while I have lived in more "developed" or "developing" countries, and I know many places are able to use libraries (which of course also have printed books too!) or higher learning facilities to distribute, at least to those with a likely capacity to make use of them, a variety of works as the net can provide.  However, yes, power is an issue too.  (There was a television piece a little while ago about the inventor who invented those transport vehicles that allow you to get around town without a car (Dean Kamen, I believe); he was also was working on something which might be able to provide electricity in the middle of nowhere with as I recall only something like organic materials being added to it. Let's hope that becomes developed and accessible.)  But that leaves in any case the issue of language, and I believe one of the greatest needs of the human race at this time is the global political determination and establishment of an international auxiliary language by representatives and scholars of the world (to be taught alonside each native language in each country) so that we do not need to spend so many limited resources with language learning and translation in the first place. - Brettz9 03:38 Apr 29, 2003 (UTC)

I wanted to add two appendixes I created, but I find the main page is locked. Can somebody else decide whether they have merit and maybe add them:

 * Wiktionary_Appendix%3AIPA_Examples
 * Wiktionary_Appendix%3AIrregular_Verbs

Requested articles

 * What about putting Requested articles on the main page as in Wikipedia ? -- youssef 16:52 Jul 13, 2003 (UTC)

 * Wouldn't it be "Requested entries"? Dictionaries don't have articles, per se. --mav

- Great work on the progress you'all have made! --mav

protection
Why is the Main Page protected? Has it ever been vandalized? --mav

I was wondering about that too Polyglot 05:55, 28 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * It hasn't even had an edit since June 9. I've unprotected it. Eclecticology 08:21, 28 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:Main Page/Archive 1


text:
aceric

Adjective

 * 1) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: aceric


text:
acerose

Etymology 1
, from (genitive ).

Adjective

 * 1)  Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.

Etymology 2
As if from Latin ; compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the pine.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 針狀的
 * Portuguese: aceroso
 * Swedish: nålformad

title: acerose


text:
acerous

Etymology 1
See.

Etymology 2
From +.

Adjective

 * 1)  Destitute of tentacles.
 * an acerous mollusk
 * 1)  Without antennae.
 * an acerous insect

title: acerous


text:
acerval

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Pertaining to a heap.

title: acerval


text:
acervate

Etymology
From, perfect passive participle of , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.

Translations

 * Finnish: kimppuina kasvava
 * Latin: acervātus

Verb

 * 1)  To heap up.

Translations

 * Finnish: kimputtaa
 * Portuguese:

title: acervate


text:
acervation

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  A heaping up; accumulation

Translations

 * Italian: acevazione
 * Latin: acervatio

title: acervation


text: LGk

title: LGk


text:
acervative

Adjective

 * 1) Heaped up; tending to heap up.

title: acervative


text:
acervuline

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling little heaps; pertaining to the specific epithet

title: acervuline


text:
acescence

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬. See acescent.

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness.

Translations

 * French:

title: acescence


text:
acescent

Etymology
Borrowed from, present participle of , inchoative of : compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: вки́снат
 * French:
 * Portuguese: acescente

Noun

 * 1) A substance liable to become sour.

Translations

 * French:
 * Latin: acescens, acescentis

Adjective

 * 1) souring

title: acescent


text:
acetable

Etymology
An Anglicisation of the.

Noun

 * 1) An ancient Roman measure, equivalent to about one eighth of a pint.
 * 2) An acetabulum.

title: acetable


text:
acetabular

Adjective

 * 1) Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped.
 * 2) Related to the acetabulum.
 * 1) Related to the acetabulum.

Translations

 * French:
 * Portuguese: acetabular

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to the acetabulum

title: acetabular


text:
Acetabulifera

Etymology
, see.

title: Acetabulifera


text:
acetabuliferous

Etymology
, from

Adjective

 * 1) Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.

Translations

 * Latin: acetabuliferosa
 * Portuguese: acetabulífero

title: acetabuliferous


text:
acetabuliform

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Shaped like a saucer or shallow cup.

Translations

 * French:
 * Latin: acetabuliformis

title: acetabuliform


text:
acetabulum

Etymology
, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  The bony cup of the pelvis which receives the head of the femur.
 * 2)  The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.
 * 3)  A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.
 * 4)  The large posterior sucker of the leeches.
 * 5)  One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.
 * 6) A vinegar saucer, especially  in ancient Roman contexts.
 * 7)  A Roman unit of liquid measure reckoned as the volume of 2½ Roman ounces of wine and equivalent to about 66 mL although differing slightly over time.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German: Hüftgelenkspfanne
 * Latin: acētābulum
 * Lithuanian: gūžduobė
 * Malay: asetabulum
 * Portuguese: acetábulo
 * Romanian: acetabul
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Latin: acētābulum

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * Latin: acētābulum

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:

 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Latin: acētābulum
 * Persian:
 * Spanish:

 * French:
 * Latin: acētābulum

 * Latin: acētābulum

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) acetabulum,
 * 2) saucer,
 * 3)  acetabulum,
 * 4)  acetabulum,
 * 5)  acetabulum,
 * 6)  acetabulum,

title: acetabulum


text:
acetal

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)   Any diether of a geminal diol, R2C(OR')2 (where R' is not H).

Usage notes
Originally the term applied only to derivatives of (One R = H) but now also applies to

Translations

 * Finnish: asetaali
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: aicéatal
 * Japanese: アセタール
 * Ottoman Turkish: آستل
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: acetal
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: asetal

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬..

title: acetal


text:
acetaldehyde

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   An organic compound, (CH3CHO). Sometimes called ethanal or acetic aldehyde. See aldehyde.

Translations

 * Catalan: acetaldehid
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 乙醛, 醋醛
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: acetaldehido
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: aicéataildéad
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: アセトアルデヒド
 * Kazakh: ацетальдегид
 * Kyrgyz: ацетальдегид
 * Persian: استالدهید
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: acetaldeído,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: етана́ль, о́цтовий альдегі́д

title: acetaldehyde


text:
acetamide

Noun

 * 1)   The amide of acetic acid, CH3CONH2.

Translations

 * Arabic: أَسِيتَامِيد
 * Bengali: অ্যাসিট্যামাইড, ইথান্যামাইড
 * Bulgarian: ацетамид, етанамид
 * Catalan: acetamida, etanamida
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: acetamid
 * Dutch: aceetamide
 * Finnish: asetamidi
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: αιθαναμίδιο, ακεταμίδιο
 * Hungarian: acetamid, etánamid
 * Irish: aicéataimíd
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: アセトアミド
 * Latvian: acetamīds, etānamīds
 * Lithuanian: acetamidas
 * Macedonian: ацетамид
 * Norwegian: acetamid, eddiksyreamid, etanamid
 * Persian: استامید
 * Polish:, etanoamid
 * Portuguese: acetamida, etanamida
 * Romanian:, etanamidă
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: acetamid
 * Slovene: acetamid, etanamid
 * Spanish: acetamida
 * Swedish: etanamid, etansyraamid,
 * Tamil: அசிட்டமைடு
 * Uzbek: atsetamid

title: acetamide


text:
acetanilide

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)   the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic

Translations

 * Esperanto: acetanilido
 * Finnish: asetanilidi
 * Polish:, antyfebryna
 * Portuguese: acetanilida, antifebrina

title: acetanilide


text:
acetarious

Etymology
From +, the former from , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Used in salads or as salad

title: acetarious


text:
antifebrine

Etymology
Compare.

Noun

 * 1)  A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain.

title: antifebrine


text:
acetic aldehyde

Noun

 * 1)  acetaldehyde.

title: acetic aldehyde


text:
Appendix:Surnames/D

Daa-Daz

 * Daalman
 * Daamen
 * Daams
 * Daan
 * Daane
 * Daanen
 * Daanje
 * Daanoja
 * Daas
 * Dabag
 * Dabasia
 * Dabbert
 * Dabbou
 * Dabek
 * Dabish
 * Dabko
 * Dabou
 * Dabrowicz
 * Dabrowski
 * Dace
 * DaCosta
 * da Costa
 * Da Costa
 * d'Acoz
 * Dacre
 * da Cruz
 * Dacy
 * Dada
 * Daddino
 * Dade
 * Dado
 * Dadou
 * Dadres
 * Daduch
 * Dadush
 * Daei
 * Daels
 * Daem
 * Daemen
 * Daemkin
 * Daems
 * Daemsz
 * Daendels
 * Daenen
 * Daens
 * Daffie
 * Dafoe
 * Dafydd
 * Da Gama
 * Dagan
 * D'Agata
 * Dagelet
 * Daggers
 * D'Agostini
 * D'Agostino
 * Dagpo
 * Dagtekin
 * Daguerre
 * Dahab
 * Dahabi
 * Dahan
 * Dahhan
 * Dahiya
 * Dahl
 * Dahlberg
 * Dahle
 * Dahlia
 * Dahly
 * Dahlgren
 * Dahlin
 * Dahlmann
 * Dahlquist
 * Dahlqvist
 * Dahme
 * Dahmen
 * Dahno
 * Dahozy
 * Dai
 * Dailey
 * Daimler
 * Daimon
 * Dainton
 * Daisey
 * Daish
 * Daisy
 * Daiti
 * Dakhal
 * Dakiss
 * Dal
 * Dala
 * Dalaras
 * Dalberto
 * Dalcò
 * Dale
 * Dalebout
 * Dalelv
 * Daleman
 * Dales
 * Dalessandro
 * D'Alessandro
 * Dalessi
 * d'Alessio
 * Daley
 * Dalgleish
 * Dalglish
 * Dalhuisen
 * Dalkiran
 * Dalí
 * Daling
 * Dalkin
 * Dalla
 * Dallaporta
 * Dallas
 * Dallesandro
 * Dallinga
 * Dalloway
 * Dalm
 * Dalton
 * Daltry
 * Daly
 * Dalziel
 * Dam
 * Daman
 * Damanaki
 * Damant
 * Damas
 * Damasceno
 * Damato
 * D'Amato
 * d'Ambrosio
 * D'Ambrosio
 * Dambuisness
 * Damen
 * Dames
 * Dametto
 * D'Ametto
 * Damhuis
 * Dami
 * Damiaans
 * Damian
 * Damiani
 * Damiano
 * Damiani
 * Damico
 * D'Amico
 * Damiens
 * Damir
 * Damm
 * Damman
 * Dammann
 * Damme
 * Dammers
 * Damon
 * Damone
 * Damour
 * Dams
 * Damsma
 * Damstra
 * Dan
 * Dana
 * Danarige
 * Dhanasekar
 * Danby
 * Danckaart
 * Danckaert
 * Danckerts
 * d'Ancona
 * Dander
 * Dandis
 * Dandridge
 * Dandylion
 * Dane
 * Daneels
 * Daneford
 * Danel
 * Danelian
 * Danen
 * Danes
 * Danese
 * Danette
 * Danezi f
 * Danezis m
 * Danforth
 * Dang
 * D'Angelo
 * D'Angio
 * Dani
 * Danibal
 * Danic
 * Danica
 * Danidls
 * Daniel
 * Daniela
 * Danielczik
 * Danielec
 * Danielian
 * Daniella
 * Danielova
 * Daniels
 * Daniëls
 * Danielse
 * Danielsen
 * Daniëlsen
 * Danielson
 * Danies
 * Danika
 * Däniken
 * Danil
 * Danilko
 * Danielle
 * Danilo
 * Danilowicz
 * Danio
 * Danita
 * Dang
 * Dankaart
 * Dankaerts
 * Dankbaar
 * Dankelman
 * Danker
 * Dankers
 * Dankert
 * Danks
 * Dankwa
 * Dankwah
 * Danly
 * Dann
 * Danna
 * Dannatt
 * Danneels
 * Danner
 * Dannewitz
 * Dannie
 * Dannijs
 * Danning
 * Dannon
 * d'Annunzio
 * D'Annunzio
 * Danöhl
 * Danon
 * Danoy
 * Danstrup
 * Dante
 * D'Antò
 * Danton
 * Dantulwar
 * Dantuma
 * Danuta
 * Danvers
 * Dany
 * Danyel
 * Daogaru
 * Daout
 * Daphine
 * Daphne
 * D'Aquila
 * Dar
 * Darabi
 * D'Aragon
 * Darangang
 * Daras
 * Darazs
 * Darby
 * D'Arby
 * Darcel
 * Darcey
 * Darcie
 * Darco
 * Darcy
 * D'Arcy
 * Darden
 * Dare
 * Daréus
 * Dargent
 * D'Argent
 * Darif
 * Darin
 * Daris
 * Darius
 * Darko
 * Darkwater
 * Darlan
 * Darlena
 * Darling
 * Darlow
 * Darmanin
 * Darmody
 * Darnand
 * d'Arnaud
 * D'Arnault
 * Darr
 * Darrell
 * Darrigo
 * D'Arrigo
 * Darroch
 * Darrow
 * D'Artagnan
 * Darville
 * Darwin
 * Darwish
 * Daryl
 * Das
 * Dasai
 * das Dores
 * Dasgupta
 * Dash
 * Dasher
 * Dashwood
 * da Silva
 * Da Silva
 * Dasmien
 * Dassen
 * Dasöz
 * Dastidar
 * Dat
 * Dataram-Doerga
 * Date
 * Datema
 * Dati
 * Datillo
 * Dattawadkar
 * Datuma
 * Dau
 * Daubert
 * Daubrée
 * D'Aubrée
 * Daudet
 * Daugé
 * Daugherty
 * Daugirdas
 * Dauphin
 * Dautbasic
 * Dauterive
 * D'Auterive
 * Davaa
 * Davalos
 * Davenant
 * Davenport
 * Daversa
 * D'Aversa
 * Davet
 * Davey
 * Davi
 * David
 * Davidi
 * Davidian
 * Davidoff
 * Davidovich
 * Davids
 * Davidson
 * Davidsson
 * Davidtz
 * Davie
 * Davies
 * Davila
 * Davin
 * Davina
 * Da Vinci
 * DaVinci
 * Davis
 * Davison
 * Davits
 * Davolos
 * Davorlazic
 * Davos
 * Davoud
 * Davris
 * Davydenko
 * Davydov
 * Davydova
 * Daw
 * Dawadi
 * Dawe
 * Dawes
 * Dawidowicz
 * Dawkin
 * Dawkins
 * Dawn
 * Dawna
 * Dawne
 * Dawnson
 * Daws
 * Dawson
 * Day
 * Dayal
 * דייג
 * Dayag
 * Dayan
 * Dayap
 * Daye
 * Dayes
 * Dayle
 * Dayne
 * Daysi
 * Dayton
 * Dayvis
 * Dazzi

Dea-Dez

 * Dchar
 * Dea
 * De Abreu
 * Deacon
 * Deacutis
 * Deadman
 * Deák
 * Deakin
 * Deal
 * Deale
 * De Aliaga
 * de Almeida
 * Deamer
 * Dean
 * Deana
 * Deanda
 * DeAnda
 * DeAndre
 * Deandrea
 * Deane
 * Deans
 * Dear
 * Dearden
 * DeArmond
 * Dearne
 * Deason
 * Deaver
 * Deaves
 * Deb
 * de Bahia
 * Debbie
 * Debbra
 * Debby
 * de Beaufort
 * De Bellis
 * Deben
 * Debera
 * de Bergerac
 * Deberry
 * Debertin
 * Debets
 * de Bie
 * De Bildt
 * Debin
 * de Blok
 * Debnath
 * De Boel
 * de Boer
 * DeBolt
 * De Bono
 * Debora
 * Deborah
 * de Bortoli
 * Debose
 * de Bourbon
 * de Bourg
 * de Brauw
 * Debray
 * de Brinnon
 * Debroah
 * de Broglie
 * [[de Brouwe]
 * de Brugges
 * de Bruijn
 * de Bruin
 * DeBryn
 * DeBussy
 * Deby
 * Debye
 * de Caldas
 * de Camargo
 * De Carolis
 * De Carlo
 * De Casparis
 * De Castro
 * de Cavalho
 * De Cecco
 * DeCecco
 * Decker
 * DeChant
 * Deckers
 * Deckert
 * Deckwitz
 * [[De Clérambault
 * De Clercq
 * DeClercq
 * de Cloe
 * De Conciliis
 * DeConciliis
 * Decter
 * Dedden
 * Dede
 * Dedej
 * Dederding
 * Dederen
 * Dederick
 * Dederichs
 * De Deyn
 * Dedic
 * Dedra
 * Dee
 * Deeanna
 * Deed
 * Deedee
 * Deedra
 * Deegen
 * Deekens
 * Deelen
 * Deelstra
 * Deely
 * Deeming
 * Deems
 * Deen
 * Deena
 * Deenen
 * Deeney
 * Deering
 * Dees
 * Deeterink
 * Deetman
 * Deetta
 * De Falco
 * De Felipe
 * De Ferraris
 * de Forrest
 * De Franciscis
 * De Franco
 * De Gaïlo
 * Degas
 * DeGaulle
 * de Geer
 * Degeling
 * Degen
 * Degenaars
 * Degenhardt
 * Degenhart
 * De Genova
 * Degger
 * de Getrouwe
 * de Geus
 * Degler
 * de Goede
 * de Graaf
 * de Graaff
 * DeGrassi
 * De Grassi
 * DeGraw
 * de Greef
 * de Groen
 * de Groot
 * Degroote
 * De Grossi
 * Degrossi
 * de Gruiter
 * de Gruyter
 * Deguiseppe
 * de Haan
 * de Haas
 * Dehaney
 * Dehar
 * Dehbi
 * de Heij
 * Dehili
 * Dehiya
 * de Hooghe
 * de Hond
 * Deibel
 * dei Cattanei
 * Deidre
 * Deij
 * Deijen
 * Deijs
 * Deins
 * Deira
 * Deiters
 * Deitmers
 * de Jager
 * De Jager
 * Dejert
 * Dejesus
 * DeJesus
 * Dejolie
 * De Jezus
 * DeJohnette
 * de Jong
 * de Jonge
 * de Jongh
 * De Juana
 * Dekeda
 * de Keijzer
 * Dekeling
 * Dekema
 * Dekens
 * Dekker
 * Dekkers
 * Dekkinga
 * de Klerk
 * de Koe
 * de Koning
 * de Kreijger
 * de Kruijff
 * de Kuyper
 * de Kwaadsteniet
 * de Kwant
 * Del
 * de Laat
 * Delacroix
 * Delacruz
 * De La Croix
 * dela Cruz
 * De la Cruz
 * de la Gruythuijse
 * Delahunty
 * de la Mar
 * de Lamarck
 * Del Amo
 * Delana
 * Delancey
 * Delane
 * Delaney
 * Delange
 * de Lange
 * Delano
 * Delany
 * de la Porte
 * De La Porte
 * Delaporte
 * De la Puebla
 * De la Rey
 * De La Reys
 * de la Rica
 * de la Rive
 * Delarosa
 * De La Rua
 * Dela Santos
 * Delatorre
 * de la Torre
 * de Laurentis
 * de la Uz
 * DeLay
 * Delbart
 * Del Bosque
 * Del Campo
 * del Casar
 * del Cerro
 * Delcie
 * de Leeuw
 * Dele
 * Delehanty
 * Delen
 * de Léo
 * Deleon
 * De Leon
 * de Leeuw
 * Delerme
 * Delevingne
 * de Levita
 * Delfos
 * de Levine
 * De Levita
 * Delfina
 * Delfino
 * Delgado
 * Delgatta
 * Deli
 * Delia
 * D'Elia
 * Delibas
 * Delic
 * Deliema
 * Deligianni f
 * Deligiannis m
 * Delikaya
 * Delilah
 * Delima
 * Delisle
 * de l'Isle
 * Delissen
 * Dell
 * Dela Fiori
 * Delahaye
 * Dellaert
 * Dellen
 * Deller
 * Dell Monte
 * Dell'Olio
 * Delma
 * Del Mar
 * Delmer
 * del Monico
 * Del Monte
 * Delmonte
 * DeLoitte
 * Deloitte
 * Delon
 * DeLong
 * Delong
 * Delonghi
 * De Longhi
 * de Loo
 * De Lopez
 * Delora
 * Deloras
 * Delores
 * De Lorenzis
 * Delorenzo
 * De Lorenzo
 * De los Santos
 * de Nobel
 * Del Olmo
 * De Longhi
 * Delpasen
 * Del Pietro
 * DelPietro
 * Delpietro
 * Delport
 * Delporte
 * del Pozo
 * Delray
 * Delroy
 * Delsing
 * Delsink
 * Delson
 * Delta
 * Del Toro
 * De Luigi
 * de Luna
 * Delvalle
 * Delvers
 * Delvoye
 * De Machaut
 * De Maer
 * de Maesschalck
 * Demaison
 * Demant
 * Demar
 * DeMarchi
 * Demarchi
 * DeMarco
 * Demarco
 * De Marin
 * De Marinis
 * De Masi
 * DeMasi
 * Dematra
 * De Mayo
 * Dembélé
 * De Medici
 * de Medina
 * DeMelis
 * De Melito
 * de Mello
 * de Melo
 * Demerse
 * de Mesquita
 * Demeter
 * DeMew
 * de Meyere
 * De Meyrick
 * Demidov
 * Demidova
 * Demidovich
 * De Miguel
 * Demikhov
 * DeMilo
 * Deming
 * Demir
 * de Miranda
 * Demiray
 * Demirci
 * Demirel
 * Demirhan
 * Demirjian
 * Demirovic
 * Demiröz
 * Demirtas
 * Demirtaş
 * Demjanjuk
 * Demkowicz
 * Demler
 * Demmer
 * Demmers
 * Demming
 * Demmink
 * de Mol
 * de Monchy
 * de Moor
 * Demory
 * Dempsey
 * Demuth
 * Demy
 * Den Andel
 * De Nardis
 * DeNardis
 * den Blieck
 * Denby
 * Denchev
 * den Besten
 * den Boef
 * den Broeder
 * Dencik
 * Denen
 * Denert
 * Denetclaw
 * Denetdale
 * Denetdele
 * Denetsosie
 * De Neve
 * Deng
 * den Haan
 * Denham
 * den Hartogh
 * Den Heyer
 * Denholm
 * den Hond
 * den Hoorn
 * Denijs
 * Denilson
 * Denis
 * Denise
 * Denisov
 * Denissen
 * Deniz
 * Denk
 * Denkema
 * Denker
 * Denkers
 * Denman
 * [[Denna]
 * Dennen
 * Dennett
 * Dennie
 * Denning
 * Dennis
 * Dennison
 * Denny
 * Denoh
 * Denon
 * de Nooijer
 * Dens
 * Denson
 * Denters
 * Denton
 * Dentsjev
 * Denward
 * Den Uyl
 * Denys
 * Denyse
 * Denz
 * DePatie
 * Depatie
 * De Paul
 * DePaula
 * de Peira
 * de Pijper
 * Depla
 * de Polignac
 * Depp
 * Deppe
 * DePuis
 * de Raaf
 * De Raaf
 * de Raat
 * Dercksen
 * Derckx
 * Derek
 * de Reus
 * Dericks
 * Derickx
 * De Ridder
 * Derijck
 * de Rijk
 * Derin
 * Dering
 * de Rita
 * Derix
 * Derkman
 * Derks
 * Derkse
 * Derksen
 * Derkx
 * Derlagen
 * Derlyn
 * Dermez
 * Dermot
 * Dermott
 * Dermotti
 * Dern
 * de Rohan
 * Deron
 * Deroo
 * de Rooij
 * Derouveroy
 * Derover
 * Deroy
 * De Rozario
 * Derrick
 * Derrien
 * Derriks
 * Derring
 * Derringa
 * Derrow
 * Derry
 * Derryberry
 * Dershowitz
 * de Ruiter
 * de Ruyter
 * de Ruyver
 * Derveld
 * Dervenioti f
 * Derveniotis m
 * Dervis
 * Dervisi f
 * Dervisis m
 * Dervisoglou
 * Dervisoglü
 * Derwig
 * Desailly
 * De Saint-Martin
 * De Sanctis
 * DeSanctis
 * De Santis
 * DeSantis
 * DeSantos
 * Des Cartes
 * DesCartes
 * Descartes
 * Des Champs
 * DesChamps
 * Deschamps
 * Deschanel
 * Deschene
 * Descheene
 * Descheeni
 * Descheenie
 * Descheeny
 * Deschenes
 * Deschenie
 * Descheny
 * Deschine
 * Deschinny
 * Deseine
 * Deshayes
 * Deshcheenie
 * Deshmukh
 * Deshpande
 * DeSimone
 * De Simone
 * Déšin
 * Desira
 * Desjean
 * Desman
 * Desmarais
 * De Smet
 * Desmet
 * DeSnoo
 * De Souza
 * Des Pins
 * DesPins
 * Despins
 * Dessart
 * Dessing
 * De Soto
 * DeSoto
 * Desoto
 * de Sousa
 * de Souza
 * Dessau
 * Dessi
 * Dessing
 * DeStefano
 * Deterink
 * Dethleffs
 * Dethmers
 * Detlefsen
 * Detmar
 * Detmers
 * Detrick
 * De Toma
 * De Tompso
 * Detta
 * Dettmann
 * Dettori
 * Detti
 * DeTullio
 * Detwiler
 * Deumers
 * Deuning
 * Deunk
 * Deurloo
 * Deute
 * Deutekom
 * Deuten
 * Deuter
 * Deuze
 * Deuzeman
 * Dev
 * DeVal
 * Deval
 * DeVall
 * Devall
 * Devalos
 * Devanshi
 * Devarajan
 * Devasir
 * Devedjian
 * Deveille
 * Devenish
 * Devens
 * De Ver
 * Devereaux
 * Devery
 * Devi
 * de Vicente
 * DeVil
 * DeVille
 * Devil
 * Deville
 * Devin
 * Devine
 * De Viry
 * Devlin
 * de Vlugt
 * Devon
 * DeVore
 * Devore
 * de Vos
 * De Vos
 * DeVos
 * Devos
 * Devriendst
 * DeVries
 * de Vries
 * de Vrieze
 * DeVry
 * Devry
 * Devshi
 * de Waal
 * de Wachter
 * Dewaide
 * Dewan
 * Dewar
 * DeWarr
 * DeWart
 * deWeerd
 * Dewey
 * de Wijn
 * de Wildt
 * de Wilt
 * de Wind
 * de Winter
 * de With
 * Dewitt
 * Dewinter
 * de Winter
 * De Winter
 * de Wit
 * Dewitt
 * de Witte
 * DeWolf
 * DeWolfe
 * Dewulf
 * Dewus
 * Dex
 * Dexheimer
 * Dexter
 * Dey
 * Deygas
 * Deyo
 * Dezentje
 * Dezmari
 * Dezjnjov
 * Dezo
 * de Zwart

Dia-Diz

 * Dhaliwal
 * Dhalwal
 * Dhamodharan
 * Dharma
 * Dharmasena
 * Dhawan
 * d'Hermenches
 * Dhillon
 * Dhiri
 * Dhoenmoen
 * d'Hollosy
 * D'Hooge
 * Dhurandhar
 * Diaab
 * Diaby
 * Diaconescu
 * Diadora
 * Diagilev
 * Diagne
 * Diallo
 * Diamante
 * Diamonti
 * Diamantopoulos m
 * Diamantopoulou f
 * Diamond
 * Diamonon
 * Dian
 * Diana
 * Di Angelo
 * Diao
 * Di'Anno
 * Diarmid
 * Diarra
 * Dias
 * Diawara
 * Diaz
 * Díaz
 * Dibb
 * Dibbe
 * Dibbert
 * Dibbets
 * Dibbits
 * Dibble
 * Dibi
 * DiBiase
 * Di Bondone
 * Dicǎ
 * DiCanio
 * Di Canio
 * DiCaprio
 * DiCarlo
 * Dicarlo
 * Dichev
 * Dick
 * Dicke
 * Dickel
 * Dickens
 * Dickensen
 * Dickenson
 * Dickerson
 * Dickey
 * Dickinson
 * Dickmann
 * Dickson
 * Di Consilio
 * Dicou
 * DiCristofaro
 * Dicristofaro
 * Didcot
 * Didde
 * Didden
 * Diddens
 * Didderen
 * Diddley
 * Diddy
 * Diderich
 * Didier
 * DiDonato
 * Di Donna
 * Didovik
 * Didrichsen
 * Didrikson
 * Didulica
 * Didzuhn
 * Dieben
 * Diebold
 * Diebrink
 * Dieckman
 * Dieckmann
 * Dieden
 * Diederen
 * Diederik
 * Diederiks
 * Diego
 * Dieken
 * Diekman
 * Diekmann
 * Diekstra
 * Dieleman
 * Dielemans
 * Dielens
 * Dielesen
 * Dielessen
 * Dielis
 * Dielissen
 * Diels
 * Dieltiens
 * Diem
 * die Madocke
 * Diemel
 * Diemer
 * Dien
 * Dieng
 * Dienske
 * Diep
 * Diepbrink
 * Diepenga
 * Dieperink
 * Diepman
 * Dier
 * Diercke
 * Dierckx
 * Dierckxsens
 * Dierdorf
 * Dierdorp
 * Dierdre
 * Dierick
 * Diercks
 * Dierickx
 * Dierikx
 * Dierkx
 * Diermanse
 * Diersma
 * Diertens
 * Dierx
 * Diesel
 * Diesing
 * Dietel
 * Dieten
 * Dietens
 * Dieter
 * Dietje
 * Dietrich
 * Diets
 * Dietvorst
 * Dietz
 * Dietze
 * Diever
 * Diez
 * Di Fabrizio
 * DiFabrizio
 * Di Florio
 * DiFrancesco
 * Difrancesco
 * Di Francesco
 * Di Franco
 * DiFranco
 * Digby
 * Diges
 * Diggs
 * DiGianni
 * Digianni
 * Di Girolamo
 * Dignum
 * di Gregorio
 * Di Grigorio
 * Di Guidice
 * DiGuidice
 * Dijk
 * Dijkema
 * Dijkens
 * Dijkers
 * Dijkman
 * Dijkmans
 * Dijks
 * Dijksen
 * Dijksma
 * Dijksman
 * Dijksterhuis
 * Dijkstra
 * Dijns
 * Dijs
 * Dik
 * Dika
 * Dike
 * Dikken
 * Dikker
 * Dikkers
 * Diklic
 * Dikmans
 * Diks
 * Dikx
 * Dil
 * Dilahk
 * Dilan
 * DiLauro
 * Dilbeck
 * Dilbert
 * di Lello
 * Diley
 * Dill
 * Dillan
 * Dillane
 * Dillard
 * Dille
 * Dillema
 * Dillen
 * Diller
 * Dillewaard
 * Dillinger
 * Dillingh
 * Dillman
 * Dillo
 * Dillon
 * Dilon
 * DiLorenzo
 * Dilorenzo
 * Di Lorenzo
 * Dilton
 * di Lupo
 * Dilven
 * DiMaggio
 * Dimaggio
 * DiMaio
 * Di Maio
 * Dimalanta
 * DiMarco
 * Dimarco
 * DiMatteo
 * Dimatteo
 * di Mauro
 * Dimbrowsky
 * Di Meo
 * Dimery
 * Dimick
 * Di Miglio
 * Dimitraki f
 * Dimitrakis m
 * Dimitrakopoulos m
 * Dimitrakopoulou f
 * Dimitratos f
 * Dimitratou m
 * Dimitrenko
 * Dimitriadi f
 * Dimitriadis m
 * Dimitridi f
 * Dimitridis m
 * Dimitriev
 * Dimitrijevic
 * Diitrijevitsj
 * Dimitriou
 * Dimitriu
 * Dimitris
 * Dimitropoulos m
 * Dimitropoulou f
 * Dimitrov
 * Dimitrova
 * Dimmen
 * Dimmock
 * di Modica
 * Dimon
 * Dimopoulos
 * Dimov
 * Dimovski
 * Dimucci
 * Din
 * Dinand
 * Dinata
 * Di Natale
 * Dindane
 * Dindial
 * Dinescu
 * Dinesen
 * Dineyazhe
 * Di Natale
 * Ding
 * Dingels
 * Dingen
 * Dingeman
 * Dingemans
 * Dingemanse
 * Dingena
 * Dingestadt
 * Dingjan
 * Dings
 * Dinh
 * Dini
 * Dinia
 * Dinis
 * Dinjan
 * Dinjens
 * Dink
 * Dinkel
 * Dinkhuijsen
 * Dinkov
 * Dinku
 * Dinnessen
 * Dinolfo
 * Dinsdag
 * Dinx
 * Dion
 * Dione
 * Dionet
 * Dionisi
 * Dionisio
 * Dionisotti
 * Diong
 * Dipasquale
 * Di Pasquale
 * DiPasquale
 * Dipesto
 * DiPietro
 * Dipietro
 * DiPiezzo
 * Di Placido
 * DiPlacido
 * D'Ippolito
 * Dirac
 * Diraccolo
 * Direcks
 * Dircke
 * Dircks
 * Dircksdochter
 * Dircksz
 * Direcks
 * Directie
 * Dirichlet
 * Dirickx
 * Dirie
 * Dirk
 * Dirken
 * Dirks
 * Dirkse
 * Dirksen
 * Dirksz
 * Dirkx
 * Dirkzen
 * Dirma
 * Dirven
 * Dirx
 * Dis
 * Di Sabatino
 * Disbudak
 * Disch
 * Diseno
 * Dishman
 * Disma
 * Di Spirito
 * Disraeli
 * Disseldorp
 * di Stefani
 * DiStefano
 * Di Stefano
 * Distefano
 * Distelbrink
 * di Simone
 * Ditrich
 * Dittman
 * Dittmann
 * Dittrich
 * Divac
 * Diveney
 * DiVicenza
 * Divicenza
 * Di Vicenzo
 * DiVicenzo
 * Divicenzo
 * Divis
 * DiVona
 * Divona
 * Diwale
 * Diwan
 * Diwis
 * Diwow
 * Dix
 * Dixon
 * Dixton

Dja-Djz

 * Djalili
 * Djamal
 * Djamchidi
 * [[Djamil]
 * Djaout
 * Djavakhishvili
 * Djeranian
 * Djojokasso
 * Djokovic
 * Djorkaeff
 * Djukic
 * Djurcic
 * Djurdjevic
 * Djuric
 * Djuricic
 * Djurkovic
 * Djurrema
 * Dlamini
 * Dokovic
 * Ðoković

Doa-Doz

 * D'Mello
 * Dniema
 * Do
 * Doakes
 * Doan
 * Doane
 * Dobbe
 * Dobbels
 * Dobbin
 * Dobbinga
 * Dobbins
 * Dobbs
 * Dobeck
 * Dobkin
 * Dobkins
 * Dobrick
 * Dobronsky
 * Dobson
 * Dobie
 * Dobies
 * Dobric
 * Dobyns
 * Docherty
 * Dockham
 * Dockx
 * Docter
 * Dodd
 * Dodewaard
 * Dodge
 * Dodhia
 * Dodie
 * Dodolo
 * Dods
 * Dodson
 * Doe
 * Doedajev
 * Doedens
 * Doek
 * Doeke
 * Doekhi
 * Doekse
 * Doeksen
 * Doeland
 * Doeleman
 * Doelger
 * Doens
 * Doense
 * Doensen
 * Doerdikoelijev
 * Doerga
 * Does
 * Doetzen
 * Doeve
 * Doeven
 * Doevendans
 * Doevidov
 * Dogan
 * Doğan
 * Doğancan
 * Doganyilmaz
 * Dogbe
 * Dogge
 * Doggen
 * Dogger
 * Dogonadze
 * Dogterom
 * Dogu
 * Doğulu
 * Dohan
 * Doherty
 * Dohi
 * Dohle
 * Dohlé
 * Döhmann
 * Dohmen
 * Doi
 * Doijer
 * Doile
 * Doken
 * Dokic
 * Dokkum
 * Dokov
 * Ðoković
 * Dokter
 * Dol
 * Dolan
 * Doland
 * Dolatshahi
 * Dolbie
 * Dolby
 * Dolck
 * Dole
 * Dolfing
 * Dolgopolov
 * Dolk
 * Dolkemade
 * Dolinga
 * Doll
 * Döll
 * Dollard
 * Dollarhite
 * Dölle
 * Dollekamp
 * Dolleman
 * Dolley
 * Dolman
 * Dolmatov
 * Dolniak
 * Dols
 * Dolsma
 * Dolson
 * Dolstra
 * Dolz
 * Dolzjenko
 * Dom
 * Domaschke
 * Dombrow
 * Dombrowski
 * Domela
 * Domen
 * Domenica
 * Domenchini
 * Domenico
 * Domenicus
 * Domenech
 * Domevscek
 * Domi
 * Domian
 * Dominczyk
 * Domingo
 * Domingue
 * Domingues
 * Domíngues
 * Dominguez
 * Domínguez
 * Dominica
 * Dominicus
 * Dominkov
 * Domino
 * Dommisse
 * Domos
 * Dompeling
 * Don
 * Donadel
 * Donadio
 * Donado
 * Donaggio
 * Donaghue
 * Donahue
 * Donald
 * Donalsa
 * Donaldsen
 * Donaldson
 * Donaldsson
 * Donand
 * Donati
 * Donato
 * Donavan
 * Donck
 * Doncker
 * Donders
 * Dondorp
 * Donegall
 * Donegan
 * Donelli
 * Donen
 * Donetsk
 * Dong
 * [[Donga]
 * Dongelmans
 * Dongor
 * Dongus
 * Doni
 * Donia
 * Donici
 * Donizetti
 * Donk
 * Donker
 * Donkers
 * Donley
 * Dönmez
 * Donn
 * Donna
 * Donnadieu
 * Donnahue
 * Donnasson
 * Donne
 * Donné
 * Donnell
 * Donnelley
 * Donnelly
 * Donner
 * Donnetta
 * Donnolly
 * Donohue
 * Donoents
 * D'Onofrio
 * Donogan
 * Donoghue
 * Donohoe
 * Donohue
 * Donoman
 * Donough
 * Donoughue
 * Donounts
 * Donovan
 * Donse
 * Donston
 * Dontsa
 * Donze
 * Dood
 * Doody
 * Dooh
 * Dool
 * Doolan
 * Doolaard
 * Dooley
 * Doon
 * Doomen
 * Dooms
 * Door
 * Doorman
 * Doornink
 * Doorten
 * Doose
 * Doosje
 * Dop
 * Doppen
 * Dor
 * Dorairaj
 * Doran
 * Dorcel
 * Dordt
 * Doremus
 * Dorens
 * Dori
 * Doria
 * Dorian
 * Dorin
 * Dorio
 * Dorius
 * Dorjsuren
 * Dorland
 * Dorleijn
 * Dorman
 * Dormann
 * Dormans
 * Dormer
 * Dorner
 * Dorobantu
 * Doros
 * Dorph
 * Dorren
 * Dorrestijn
 * Dorris
 * Dors
 * Dorsa
 * Dorset
 * Dorsey
 * D'Orsi
 * Dorsman
 * Dorssers
 * Dorst
 * Dorsten
 * Dortch
 * Dortsman
 * Dorvald
 * Dorweiler
 * Dorsey
 * Dosier
 * Dos Ramos
 * Dos Reis
 * Doss
 * Dos Santos
 * Dossett
 * Dost
 * Dostum
 * Dosy
 * Dotsen
 * Dotson
 * D'Ottavio
 * Dotz
 * Dou
 * Doualeh
 * Doucette
 * Doud
 * Doude
 * Doufikar
 * Doufour
 * Dougal
 * Dougall
 * Dougar
 * Dougherty
 * Douglas
 * Douglass
 * Douidi
 * Doukas
 * Doukakis
 * Douma
 * Doumanian
 * Doumeni f
 * Doumenis m
 * Douridas
 * Dourou
 * Douros
 * Douw
 * Douwe
 * Douwenga
 * Douwes
 * Douwes Dekker
 * Douwsma
 * Douwstra
 * Douze
 * Dover
 * Doves
 * Dow
 * Dowd
 * Dowdy
 * Dowe
 * Dowell
 * Dowes
 * Dowling
 * Down
 * Downe
 * Downer
 * Downes
 * Downey
 * Downie
 * Downing
 * Downs
 * Dowrich
 * Dowry
 * Dowse
 * Dowson
 * Dowtin
 * Doxiadi f
 * Doxiadis m
 * Doyer
 * Doyle
 * Dozier
 * Dozy

Dra-Drz

 * Draaijer
 * Draaibaar
 * Draaijer
 * Draaisma
 * Drabbe
 * Drabert
 * Drach
 * Draganic
 * Draganja
 * Drage
 * Draghi
 * Dragó
 * Dragt
 * Dragtsma
 * Dragstra
 * Dragulescu
 * Draisma
 * Draijer
 * Drake
 * Drakes
 * Dral
 * Drame
 * Drammond
 * Drane
 * Draper
 * Draus
 * Dravidamani
 * Drannel
 * Drasko
 * Drastata
 * Dravidamani
 * Drayson
 * Drayton
 * Drazdauskas
 * Drazic
 * Drebbel
 * Drees
 * Dreesen
 * Dreesman
 * Dreesmann
 * Dreijerink
 * Dreissen
 * Dremel
 * Drent
 * Drenth
 * Drenthe
 * Drescher
 * Dresen
 * Dressel
 * Dreus
 * Drevel
 * Drew
 * Drewe
 * Drewelux
 * Drewes
 * Drewett
 * Drewry
 * Drews
 * Drewsen
 * Drewu
 * Dreyer
 * Dreyfuss
 * Dridi
 * Dries
 * Driesens
 * Driesen
 * Driessen
 * Drießen
 * Driezen
 * Drijver
 * Drilon
 * Drilsma
 * Drinker
 * Drion
 * Driscol
 * Driscoll
 * Drissen
 * Driuzzi
 * Driver
 * Drix
 * Dobrowsky
 * Drochyter
 * Drogba
 * Dröge
 * Drohan
 * Drolet
 * Drongersma
 * Dronkers
 * Droogsma
 * Droogstoppel
 * Dros
 * Drost
 * Droste
 * Drouot
 * Drowart
 * Drozdz
 * Druart
 * Druce
 * Druijts
 * Druitt
 * Drulans
 * Drummer
 * Drummond
 * Druppers
 * Druwe
 * Druyts
 * Dryden
 * Drydon
 * Drysdale
 * Dshurajew
 * d'Souza

Dua-Duz

 * Duarte
 * D'Ubaldo
 * Dubbink
 * Dubček
 * Dube
 * Dubek
 * Dubel
 * Dubey
 * Dubiel
 * Dubinsky
 * DuBois
 * Dubois
 * Dubose
 * Dubrie
 * DuBuque
 * Dubuque
 * Duca
 * Ducane
 * Ducanus
 * Ducardus
 * Ducas
 * Ducca
 * DuChesne
 * Duchesne
 * Duchon
 * Duchovny
 * Duda
 * Duddy
 * Dudding
 * Dudeja
 * d'Udekem
 * Dudes
 * Dudgeon
 * Dudic
 * Duding
 * Dudink
 * Dudinskaja
 * Dudkiewicz
 * Dudleigh
 * Dudley
 * Due
 * Duell
 * Duernberger
 * Duetz
 * Dufay
 * Duff
 * Duffee
 * Duffels
 * Duffie
 * Duffy
 * DuFresne
 * Dufresne
 * Du Fresne
 * Dugall
 * Dugally
 * Dugan
 * Dugard
 * du Gard
 * Dugdale
 * Duggan
 * Duggar
 * Duharte
 * DuHarte
 * Duickerinck
 * Duigan
 * Duijf
 * Duijff
 * Duijm
 * Duijn
 * Duijst
 * Duijster
 * Duijts
 * Duijvensz
 * Duin
 * Duindam
 * Duininck
 * Duinkerken
 * Duismann
 * Duits
 * Duivenvoorden
 * Duivis
 * Duizendstra
 * Duizer
 * Duk
 * Dukakis
 * Duke
 * Duken
 * Dukes
 * Dukic
 * Dukić
 * Ðukič
 * Dukkers
 * Duky
 * Dul
 * Dula
 * Dulaert
 * DuLaney
 * Dulaure
 * Dulfer
 * Dullaart
 * Dullaert
 * Dullia
 * Dullen
 * Dulles
 * Dulmus
 * Dum
 * Duman
 * DuMaurier
 * Dumas
 * Dumaurier
 * Dumbre
 * Dumfries
 * Dumitrescu
 * Dumond
 * DuMont
 * Dumont
 * Dunant
 * Dunbar
 * Duncan
 * Dundas
 * Dundee
 * Dune
 * Dunfrey
 * Dung
 * Dunga
 * Dunglison
 * Dunham
 * Dunkley
 * Dunlap
 * Dunleavy
 * Dunlop
 * Dunn
 * Dunne
 * Dunnewind
 * Dunning
 * Dunson
 * Dunst
 * Dunston
 * Dunwoody
 * Duong
 * Dupain
 * Duparc
 * Dupas
 * Dupea
 * Dupertuis
 * Dupke
 * Duplan
 * du Pont
 * Du Pont
 * DuPont
 * Dupont
 * Duppen
 * Dupre
 * Dupree
 * Duque
 * Duran
 * Duranceau
 * Durand
 * Durant
 * Durante
 * Duranty
 * Durão
 * Durbin
 * Dürer
 * Duret
 * Durguram
 * Durham
 * Durie
 * Durieux
 * During
 * Durfort
 * Durkan
 * Durkin
 * Durkma
 * Durkowicz
 * Durkstra
 * Durmaz
 * Durmus
 * Durney
 * Durr
 * Durrance
 * Durrani
 * Durrant
 * Dury
 * Durzo
 * D'Urzo
 * Dusi
 * Dusing
 * Duske
 * Duski
 * Dussek
 * Dusseldorp
 * Dussel
 * Dussen
 * Dusty
 * Duszyk
 * Dutana
 * Dutasta
 * Dutman
 * Dutmer
 * Dutt
 * Dutta
 * Duttaroy
 * Dutti
 * Dutton
 * Duttonooc
 * Dutu
 * Duurkens
 * Duursma
 * Duurts
 * Duva
 * Duval
 * Duvall
 * Duve
 * Duwel
 * Duyf
 * Duygulu
 * Duyns
 * Duys
 * Duysens
 * Duyser
 * Duyst
 * Duyvens
 * Duyvis
 * Duyzer
 * Düzgün

Dya-Dyz

 * Dvash
 * Dvir
 * Dvorak
 * Dvořak
 * Dvorkis
 * Dwarka
 * Dweir
 * Dwight
 * Dwivedi
 * Dwyer
 * Dyan
 * Dyanne
 * Dye
 * Dyels
 * Dyer
 * Dyess
 * Dyk
 * Dyke
 * Dykehouse
 * Dykers
 * Dykes
 * Dykstra
 * Dyjankiewicz
 * Dylan
 * Dyme
 * Dyran
 * Dyrander
 * Dyrda
 * Dysiewicz
 * Dyson
 * Dysterinck
 * Dyszewski
 * Dzagojev
 * Džeko
 * Dziwarski
 * Dzhulah
 * Dzsudzsák
 * Dzubian
 * Dzundza

Affixes

 * d'-
 * D'-
 * da
 * Da
 * Da-
 * De
 * De-
 * de la
 * Der-
 * Des-
 * di
 * Di
 * Di-
 * do
 * Do
 * -donk
 * -dorf
 * -dottir f
 * -dóttir f
 * Du
 * Du-

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

title: Appendix:Surnames/D


text:
Tagalog

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A language spoken in the Philippines, especially in areas of  to.

Translations

 * Arabic: تَاغَالُوغِيَّة
 * Armenian: տագալերեն, տագալոգ
 * Belarusian: тага́льская мо́ва, тага́льская
 * Bengali: তাগালোগভাষা
 * Bulgarian: тага́лог
 * Catalan: tagàlog,
 * Cebuano: Tagalug, Tagalog, Tinagalog
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: tagalog
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: טאגאלוג
 * Hindi: टागालोग भाषा, टागालोग
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kapampangan: Tagalug
 * Korean:
 * Malay: bahasa Tagalog
 * Navajo: Kéyah Dańlíinii bikáaʼgi kéédahatʼínígíí bizaad
 * Persian: زبان تاگالوگ
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, тага́лог
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:, тага́лог

Noun

 * 1) A member of the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group.
 * 2)  a speaker of the Tagalog language
 * 1)  a speaker of the Tagalog language

Translations

 * Cebuano: Tagalog, Tagalug
 * Finnish: tagaali
 * Galician:
 * German: Tagale
 * Hungarian:
 * Kapampangan: Tagalug
 * Malay: orang Tagalog
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the Tagalogs.

Translations

 * Catalan: tagàlog
 * Cebuano: Tagalog, Tagalug
 * Galician:
 * Hungarian:
 * Kapampangan: Tagalug
 * Malay: Tagalog
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Turkish:

Proper noun

 * 1) Tagalog language

Etymology
. Possibly:
 * From.
 * From.
 * From, the name of some tribes in Borneo or Sumatra.

Noun

 * 1)  language

title: Tagalog


text:
privacy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.
 * 2)  Freedom from unwanted or undue disturbance of one's private life.
 * 3)  Freedom from damaging publicity, public scrutiny, surveillance, and disclosure of personal information, usually by a government or a private organization.
 * 4)  A place of seclusion.
 * 5)  A relationship between parties seen as being a result of their mutual interest or participation in a given transaction, contract etc.
 * 6)  Secrecy.
 * 7)  A private matter.
 * 1)  A place of seclusion.
 * 2)  A relationship between parties seen as being a result of their mutual interest or participation in a given transaction, contract etc.
 * 3)  Secrecy.
 * 4)  A private matter.
 * 1)  Secrecy.
 * 2)  A private matter.

Translations

 * Arabic: سِرِّيَّة,, خُصُوصِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: şəxsilik, məhrumiyyət
 * Belarusian: прыва́тнасць, канфідэнцыя́льнасць
 * Bulgarian:, , ли́чно простра́нство
 * Catalan: privacitat, privadesa
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: privatliv
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: privateco
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:, privacidade
 * Georgian: კონფიდენციალობა, ინტიმურობა, განმარტოება, მარტოობა, განცალკევება, სიმარტოვე, საიდუმლოება, პრივატულობა
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: príobháideachas
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:, プライヴァシー
 * Kazakh: приваттылық
 * Khmer: បុគ្គលិកភាព
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz: купуялык
 * Macedonian: приватност
 * Malayalam: സ്വകാര്യത
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: хувийн нууцлал
 * Nepali:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: privatliv
 * Persian: حریم شخصی
 * Plautdietsch: Veborjenheit
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, confidențialitate
 * Russian:, , , , неприкоснове́нность ча́стной жи́зни ,  ,  , ли́чное простра́нство
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: прива́тно̄ст
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: privatizza, ntimità
 * Slovak: súkromie
 * Slovene: zasebnost
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: ความเป็นส่วนตัว
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: самота́, самотина́, самоти́на, самі́тність, само́тність, прива́тність, конфіденці́йність, недоторка́нність прива́тного життя́
 * Urdu:, گوشَہ
 * Vietnamese: sự riêng tư
 * Welsh: preifatrwydd
 * Yiddish: פּריוואַטיקייט

 * Belarusian: прыва́тнасць
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:, プライヴァシー
 * Korean:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sicilian: privatizza, risirbatizza, privacy
 * Ukrainian: прива́тність

 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: კონფიდენციალურობა
 * Italian:, ,
 * Sicilian: privatizza, risirbatizza, privacy
 * Swedish:

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (especially online)

title: privacy


text:
pricing

Noun

 * 1) The act of setting a price.
 * 2) The level at which a price is set.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ფასწარმოქმნა, ფასის დადგენა, ფასის კალკულირება
 * Japanese: 値付け, 値決め,
 * Turkish: ,

 * Finnish:

title: pricing


text:
Talk:Boolean

Changed "value" to "variable" in n def; du translation needs updating accordingly.

title: Talk:Boolean


text:
daan

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  old
 * 2) stale
 * 1) stale
 * 1) stale

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) road; path; street

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) old
 * 2) worn-out
 * 1) worn-out

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) road; path

Adjective

 * 1) former

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) old
 * 2) used; worn-out

Adverb

 * 1) beforehand
 * 2) first of all
 * 3) right away

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) old; ancient; obsolete
 * 2) stale
 * 1) stale
 * 1) stale

Usage notes

 * Usually modifies inanimate objects, such as clothes, customs, and others.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) springtime, spring (season)

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 /, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) path; way; road
 * 2) passageway; space to pass through
 * 3) act of passing through; act of passing by
 * 4) act of dropping in
 * 5) elapsing
 * 6) means; way; method
 * 7)  capacity left of a person to eat food when eating
 * 1) elapsing
 * 2) means; way; method
 * 3)  capacity left of a person to eat food when eating
 * 1)  capacity left of a person to eat food when eating

Etymology 2
By extension of etymology 1 in the Southern Luzon axis. Compare 🇨🇬. Possibly related to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1)  hundred

title: daan


text:
needle

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from pre-Germanic , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Further related with Welsh, Latin , Sanskrit. Related to.

Noun

 * 1) A long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing as in sewing, embroidery, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, medical injections, sutures, etc; or a blunt but otherwise similar implement used for forming loops or knots in crafts such as darning, knitting, tatting, etc.
 * 2) Any slender, pointed object resembling a needle, such as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc.
 * 3) A fine measurement indicator on a dial or graph.
 * 4)  A sensor for playing phonograph records, a phonograph stylus.
 * 5) A needle-like leaf found on some conifers.
 * 6) A strong beam resting on props, used as a temporary support during building repairs.
 * 7)  The death penalty carried out by lethal injection.
 * 8)  A text string that is searched for within another string. (see: needle in a haystack)
 * 9)  Any of various species of damselfly of the genus, endemic to Australia.
 * 1)  A sensor for playing phonograph records, a phonograph stylus.
 * 2) A needle-like leaf found on some conifers.
 * 3) A strong beam resting on props, used as a temporary support during building repairs.
 * 4)  The death penalty carried out by lethal injection.
 * 5)  A text string that is searched for within another string. (see: needle in a haystack)
 * 6)  Any of various species of damselfly of the genus, endemic to Australia.
 * 1)  A text string that is searched for within another string. (see: needle in a haystack)
 * 2)  Any of various species of damselfly of the genus, endemic to Australia.
 * 1)  Any of various species of damselfly of the genus, endemic to Australia.

Translations

 * Albanian: ,
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: ibrə
 * Belarusian: стрэ́лка
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nål
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:, nadlo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: snáthaid
 * Italian:
 * Latvian:
 * Macedonian: сказалка, стрелка, показалка
 * Occitan:
 * Old High German: nādala
 * Ottoman Turkish: ابره
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Näddele
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ѝгла, ка̀за̄љка
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: ručička
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: wubijak
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: стрі́лка
 * West Frisian: nuddel

 * Albanian:, gjilpërë e gramafonit
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: энә
 * Bulgarian: игли́чка
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nål
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: nadlo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Latvian:
 * Macedonian: игла
 * Occitan:
 * Old High German: nādala
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Näddele
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ѝгла
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: го́лка
 * West Frisian: nuddel

 * Alabama: choyyihissi
 * Albanian:
 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: энә
 * Belarusian: іго́лка
 * Bulgarian: игли́чка
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nål
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:, , ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: skujas
 * Lithuanian: spyglys
 * Macedonian: игла
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠦᠦᠰᠦ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: barnål
 * Nynorsk: barnål
 * Occitan:
 * Old High German: nādala
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Saterland Frisian: Näddele
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ѝглица
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: ihlica
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: jeglicka, jeglina
 * Spanish: acícula,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: го́лка, хво́я
 * Welsh: nodwydd
 * West Frisian: nuddel

 * Alabama:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Breton:
 * Esperanto:
 * Georgian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Maltese:
 * Neapolitan: ,
 * Telugu: (1),  (2)

Verb

 * 1) To pierce with a needle, especially for sewing or acupuncture.
 * 2)  To tease in order to provoke; to poke fun at.
 * 3)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To tease in order to provoke; to poke fun at.
 * 2)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.
 * 1)  To form, or be formed, in the shape of a needle.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Malayalam:
 * Ottoman Turkish: ایكنه‌لمك
 * Persian: سوزن زدن
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovak: prepichnúť, vpichnúť, prepichovať, vpichovať

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Maori: hakirara, makitohene
 * Polish:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Slovak: podpichnúť, podpichovať
 * Swahili:

title: needle


text:
Englishwoman

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: անգլուհի
 * Belarusian: англі́йка
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: англича́нка
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 英國女子
 * Cornish: Sowses
 * Czech:
 * Danish: englænderinde
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: anglino
 * Estonian: inglanna
 * Finnish: englantilainen nainen, englantilaisnainen, englannitar
 * French:
 * Middle French: Angloise
 * Old French: Angloise
 * Galician: inglesa
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: angol nő
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 英国婦人
 * Latvian: angliete
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: Англичанка
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Ban-Sasannach
 * Serbo-Croatian: Енглескиња, Engleskinja
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: Angléžinja
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: İngiliz kadın, İngiliz karısı
 * Ukrainian: англі́йка
 * Volapük: ji-Linglänan
 * Welsh:

title: Englishwoman


text:
cryptology

Etymology
, from +.

Noun

 * 1) The science or study of mathematical, linguistic, and other coding patterns and histories.
 * 2) The practice of analysing encoded messages, in order to decode them.
 * 3) Secret or enigmatical language.

Usage notes
An umbrella term for cryptography and cryptanalysis.

Derived terms

 * cryptologic
 * cryptologically

Translations

 * Finnish:, salakirjoitustiede

 * Bulgarian: криптология
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Danish:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, salakirjoitustaito
 * French:
 * Georgian: კრიპტოლოგია
 * German:
 * Icelandic: dulmálsfræði
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 暗号学
 * Khmer: រហស្សវិទ្យា
 * Lithuanian: kriptologija
 * Malay: kriptologi
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: criptologia
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: criptología
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish:

title: cryptology


text:
acetated

Adjective

 * 1)  Combined with acetic acid.

title: acetated


text:
acetic

Etymology
From, from , from. .

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar
 * 2)  Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: оцетен
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * French:
 * Irish: aicéiteach
 * Latin: acēticus
 * Portuguese: acético
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Welsh: asetig, ethanöig

 * Bulgarian: ацетилов
 * Catalan:
 * French:
 * Irish: aicéiteach
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: acético
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: axetic
 * Welsh: asetig, ethanöig

Etymology
.

title: acetic


text:
acetum

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , sometimes medicated.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vinegar
 * 2)  wit, shrewdness
 * 1)  wit, shrewdness

Descendants

 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian

title: acetum


text:
acetification

Etymology
Circa 1733. Directly or via, from , from + , from.

Noun

 * 1) The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.

Translations

 * Portuguese: acetificação

 * Romanian:

title: acetification


text:
acetifier

Noun

 * 1) An apparatus for hastening acetification

title: acetifier


text:
closed

Adjective

 * 1) Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
 * 2)  To be in a position preventing fluid from flowing.
 * 3)  To be in a position allowing electricity to flow.
 * 4)  Not operating or conducting trade.
 * 5) Not public.
 * 6)  Having an open complement.
 * 7)  Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.
 * 8)  Lacking a free variable.
 * 9)  Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.
 * 10)  Formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/.
 * 11)  Having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in.
 * 12)  Having component words joined together without spaces or hyphens; for example, timeslot as opposed to time slot or time-slot.
 * 1)  Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.
 * 2)  Formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/.
 * 3)  Having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in.
 * 4)  Having component words joined together without spaces or hyphens; for example, timeslot as opposed to time slot or time-slot.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مُغْلَق
 * Egyptian Arabic: مقفول
 * Hijazi Arabic: مقَفِّل, مسَكِّر, مقفول
 * Iraqi Arabic: مسدود
 * Moroccan Arabic: مسدود, مغلوق
 * North Levantine Arabic: مسكّر
 * San'ani Arabic: مغلّق
 * South Levantine Arabic: مسكّر
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: ncljis
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Bashkir: ябыҡ, ябылған
 * Belarusian: зачы́нены, закры́ты
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: lukket
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Esperanto: fermita,
 * Estonian: suletud, kinnine
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Friulian: sierât
 * Galician: fechado, pechado, cerrado
 * Georgian: დაკეტილი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κλειστός
 * Hebrew: סגור, סגורה
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: dúnta, druidte, iata
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 準備中,
 * Korean:
 * Kumyk: ябыкъ, ябылгъан, юмукъ, юмулгъан
 * Lao: ປິດ
 * Latin: clausus, opertus
 * Macedonian: затворен
 * Malay: tertutup
 * Mongolian: хаалттай
 * Neapolitan: nchiuso
 * Nepali: बन्द
 * Norman: freunmé
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:, ,
 * Persian:
 * Pitjantjatjara: pati
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: за̀творен
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: chiusu
 * Slovak: zatvorený
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Tok Pisin:
 * Ukrainian: зачи́нений, закри́тий, за́мкнений
 * Urdu: بند
 * Venetian: serà, sarà
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: ar gau, caeedig
 * White Hmong:
 * Zhuang:

 * Arabic: مُغْلَق
 * Bashkir: ябыҡ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: lukket
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician: fechado, pechado, cerrado
 * German:
 * Hebrew: סגור, סגורה
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay:
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: відчи́нений
 * Vietnamese: đóng cửa

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: ябыҡ
 * Bulgarian:
 * Danish: lukket
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: salajane
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:  ;
 * Hebrew: סגור, סגורה
 * Occitan: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Swedish:

 * Esperanto: fermita
 * Finnish:
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: domknięty
 * Russian:

 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: fermita
 * Finnish:
 * Icelandic: lokaður
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:

 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Swedish:

title: closed


text:
acetify

Etymology
From  or.

Verb

 * 1)  To convert into acid or vinegar.
 * 2)  To turn acid

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Latin:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

title: acetify


text:
Talk:open

we have a circular definition closed <->not open, any ideas?

 * What about 'accessible' ? Webkid 14:33, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

"open" as aphetic for "cut open"
I've heard people talk about opening animals, to mean to cut them open to remove all the guts. In Stephen King a character talks about "open him like a can of sardines" or something to talk about cutting open a boy's throat with his knife. Is it worth a separate definition? It's not like someone would read the sentence and need to get a dictionary to know what it means, it's just good for those considering writing. Soap (talk) 03:43, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

chaise: open two-wheeled carriage, usually hooded
chaise:open two-wheeled carriage for one or more people, usually hooded and drawn by one horse Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 what does open refer to here? isn't hooded its opposite? --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:26, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

 * The opposite would be enclosed, like a stage coach, which is fully enclosed (for the passengers). Andrew Sheedy (talk) 22:05, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

snooker
The commentators for the snooker world championship that’s currently being shown on the box (on the BBC) are saying ‘open’ a lot to refer to attacking/aggressive play. Do we have a sense which covers this? —-Overlordnat1 (talk) 19:20, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

Possible missing adjective senses
Chambers 1908 has "easily understood" (does this exist outside of the set phrase "open book"?) and "generous, liberal" (does this exist outside of "an open hand" or "purse" or some such?). Equinox ◑ 17:36, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:open


text:
Christmas

Etymology 1
The is derived from, , from , from  +  +. The English word is analysable as.

The, , and are derived from the proper noun.

Adjective (“red and green in colour”) refers to these colours being traditionally associated with Christmas.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.
 * 2)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.
 * 1)  ; Christmastime.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:, Kërshëndella
 * Alutiiq: Aʀusistuaq
 * Amharic: ገና
 * Arabic: كْرِيسْمَاس,, عِيد الْمِيلَاد
 * Egyptian Arabic: عيد الميلاد
 * Hijazi Arabic: كْرِسْمَس, عيد الميلاد
 * South Levantine Arabic: عيد الميلاد
 * Armenian: Սուրբ Ծնունդ
 * Aromanian: Crãciun
 * Assamese: বৰদিন
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܹܐܕܵܐ ܕܡܵܘܠܵܕܵܐ, ܥܹܐܕܵܐ ܙܥܘܿܪܵܐ
 * Asturian: ,
 * Azerbaijani: Milad
 * Basque:
 * Bavarian: Weihnåchtn
 * Cimbrian: Boinichtn
 * Mòcheno: Bainechtn
 * Belarusian: каля́ды, Раство́, Ражджаство́, Ражаство́, Нараджэ́нне Хрысто́ва
 * Bengali:
 * Bikol Central: Pasko
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:, Рождество Христово
 * Burmese: ,
 * Carpathian Rusyn: Ріство́
 * Catalan:
 * Cebuano: Pasko
 * Central Franconian: Weihnachte
 * Cherokee: ᏓᏂᏍᏓᏲᎯᎲ
 * Chichewa: Khirisimasi
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 聖誕節
 * Hakka: 聖誕節
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Chuukese: Kirisimas
 * Chuvash: Раштав
 * Cornish:
 * Standard Cornish: Nadelyk
 * Unified Cornish: Nadelek
 * Corsican:
 * Czech: Boží hod,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Dzongkha: ཡེ་ཤུའི་འཁྲུངས་སྟོན
 * Esperanto: kristnasko
 * Estonian:
 * Ewe: Blunya
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:
 * Franco-Provençal: Chalendes
 * French:
 * Friulian: Nadâl
 * Galician:
 * Georgian:, , ქრისტეს შობა
 * German:
 * Alemannic German: Wiehnachte
 * Silesian: Weihnachta, Weihnachten
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic:
 * Guaraní: Arareñói
 * Gujarati: નાતાલ
 * Hausa: Kir̃sìmatì
 * Hawaiian: Kalikimaka, Kalikamaka
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: क्रिसमस, क्रिस्मस, बड़ा दिन, ईद-ए-तवल्लुद, ईद-ए-विलादत
 * Hungarian:
 * Hunsrik: Weinachte
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Igala: Íkéléchìmáchì
 * Igbo: Ekeresìmeèsì
 * Ilocano: Paskua
 * Inari Sami: juovlah
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: Joulu
 * Irish:
 * Old Irish: Notlaic
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese: Natal
 * Kannada: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಮಸ್
 * Karelian: Rastavu
 * Kazakh: Рождество
 * Khmer: ណូអែល, បុណ្យណូអែល
 * Komi-Zyrian: Рӧштво
 * Konkani: नाताळ
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Kyrgyz: Рождество
 * Ladin: Nadel
 * Ladino: Noel
 * Lakota: Wóšpipi, Wóšpipi Káǧapi
 * Lao: ຄິດສະມາດ, ໂນແອນ, ບົນໂນແອນ
 * Latin: Christi Natalis, festum Nativitatis Domini, nativitas
 * Latvian: Ziemassvētki, Ziemsvētki
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lombard:
 * Low German:
 * German Low German: Wiehnachten
 * Lule Sami: javlla
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: Божиќ
 * Malay: Hari Natal, Krismas
 * Malayalam: ക്രിസ്തുമസ്
 * Maltese: Milied
 * Manx: Nollick, Nollick Vooar
 * Maori: Kirihimete
 * Marathi: नाताळ
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: Рошто
 * Western Mari: Шартял
 * Marshallese: Kūrijm̧ōj
 * Middle English: Cristemasse
 * Mingrelian: ქირსე
 * Mòcheno: bainechtn
 * Mon: ,
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic: Зул сар, Христосын мэндэлсэн өдөр
 * Navajo: Késhmish
 * Nepali: क्रिसमस
 * Nigerian Pidgin: Krismas
 * Norman: Noué, Nouel
 * Northern Sami: juovllat
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: jol, jul
 * Occitan:
 * Odia: ,
 * Ofo: noⁿˊpi
 * Ojibwe: niibaanamom
 * Old English: ġēol, Cristes mæsse, midwinter
 * Old Norse: jól
 * Papiamentu: Pasku
 * Pashto: کرسمس
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:, , عِیدِ میلادِ مَسیح,
 * Pite Sami: jåvvlå
 * Plautdietsch: Wienachten
 * Polabian: tribĕ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਵੱਡਾ ਦਿਨ, ਕ੍ਰਿਸਮਸ
 * Rhine Franconian: Woihnachde
 * Romagnol: Nadêl
 * Romanian:, Nașterea lui Isus Cristos, Nașterea Domnului
 * Russian:, , Кри́стмас
 * Santali: ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
 * Scots: Yule
 * Scottish Gaelic: Nollaig
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Бо̀жић, Рождество
 * Roman: Bòžić,
 * Sicilian:
 * Silesian Gody
 * Sindhi:
 * Sinhalese: නත්තල
 * Skolt Sami: rosttov
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: gódy
 * Upper Sorbian: hody
 * Sotho: Kresemese
 * Southern Sami: jåvlh
 * Spanish:, Crismes
 * Sranan Tongo: Bedaki, kresneti
 * Swahili: Krismasi
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:, Кристмас
 * Tamil: கிசிமிசி, கிறிஸ்மஸ்,, , நத்தார்
 * Tatar: Раштуа
 * Telugu: క్రిస్మస్
 * Thai:, คริสตสมภพ
 * Tibetan: ཡེ་ཤུའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: Isanyň dogluşy, roždestwo, milad
 * Udmurt: Толсур, Ымусьтон
 * Ukrainian:, Різдво́ Христо́ве
 * Ume Sami: juvlla
 * Urdu: کِرِسْمَس, کْرِسْمَس, بَڑا دِن, عِیدِ تَوَلُّد, عِیدِ وِلادَت, عِیدِ میلادِ مَسِیح
 * Uyghur: روجدېستۋو, روجىستىۋا
 * Uzbek: Mavlud,
 * Vietnamese: Nô-en,
 * Vilamovian: Waeinahta, Wajnaochta
 * Volapük: ,
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * West Flemish: Kestdag
 * West Frisian: Krysttiid
 * Yiddish: ניטל
 * Yoruba: Kérésìmesì
 * Yup'ik: Alussistuaq, Selavi
 * Zulu: Ukhisimuzi

Noun

 * 1)  Sprigs of holly and other evergreen plants used as Christmas decorations; also, any Christmas decorations.

Translations

 * Finnish: oksa joulukoristeena
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian:

Adjective

 * 1)  Red and green in colour.
 * 2)  Of a dish: having a sauce made with red (ripe) and green (unripe) chili peppers.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: punaista ja vihreää chiliä sisältävä
 * Macedonian:

Verb

 * 1)  To decorate (a place) with.
 * 2)  To bring (someone) Christmas cheer.
 * 3)  To celebrate Christmas.
 * 4)  To spend Christmas or the Christmas season in some place.
 * 5)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To celebrate Christmas.
 * 2)  To spend Christmas or the Christmas season in some place.
 * 3)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To spend Christmas or the Christmas season in some place.
 * 2)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.
 * 1)  To subject to Christmas celebrations.

Translations

 * Finnish: koristella joulukoristein
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: viettää joulua
 * Macedonian:

 * Finnish: viettää joulua
 * Macedonian:

Etymology 2
Short for, probably a variant of or , a  for.

Interjection

 * : Christ, Jesus Christ, Jiminy Cricket, Jiminy Crickets.

Noun

 * 1) Christmas present

title: Christmas


text:
homogeneous

Alternative forms

 * homogenous (may be considered incorrect; see usage note at §§ Usage notes)

Etymology
From, from , from +. Compare and.

Adjective
\mathbf{x})$$ for some integer $$k$$ and for all $$\mathbf{x}$$ in the domain and $$s$$ scalars.
 * 1) Of the same kind; alike, similar.
 * 2) Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.
 * 3)  In the same state of matter.
 * 4)  In any of several technical senses uniform; scalable; having its behavior or form determined by, or the same as, its behavior on or form at a smaller component (of its domain of definition, of itself, etc.).
 * 5)  Such that all its nonzero terms have the same degree.
 * ''The polynomial $$x^2+5xy+y^2$$ is homogeneous of degree 2, because $$x^2$$, $$xy$$, and $$y^2$$ are all degree 2 monomials
 * 1)  Such that all the constant terms are zero.
 * 2)  Such that if each of $$f$$ 's inputs are multiplied by the same scalar, $$f$$ 's output is multiplied by the same scalar to some fixed power (called the degree of homogeneity or degree of $$f$$).  Satisfying the equality $$f(s\mathbf{x}) = s^kf(
 * 1)  Such that all the constant terms are zero.
 * 2)  Such that if each of $$f$$ 's inputs are multiplied by the same scalar, $$f$$ 's output is multiplied by the same scalar to some fixed power (called the degree of homogeneity or degree of $$f$$).  Satisfying the equality $$f(s\mathbf{x}) = s^kf(
 * 1)  Capable of being written in the form $$f(x,y) \mathop{dy} = g(x,y) \mathop{dx}$$ where $$f$$ and $$g$$ are homogeneous functions of the same degree as each other.
 * 2)  Having its degree-zero term equal to zero; admitting the trivial solution.
 * 3)  Homogeneous as a function of the dependent variable and its derivatives.
 * 4)  Belonging to one of the summands of the grading (if the ring is graded over the natural numbers and the element is in the kth summand, it is said to be homogeneous of degree k; if the ring is graded over a commutative monoid I, and the element is an element of the ith summand, it is said to be of grade i)
 * 5)  Which respects the grading of its domain and codomain. Formally: Satisfying $$f(V_j) \subseteq W_{i+j}$$ for fixed $$i$$ (called the degree or grade of $$f$$), $$V_j$$ the $$j$$th component of the grading of $$f$$ 's domain, $$W_k$$ the $$k$$th component of the grading of $$f$$ 's codomain, and + representing the monoid operation in $$I$$.
 * 6)  Informally: Everywhere the same, uniform, in the sense that any point can be moved to any other (via the group action) while respecting the structure of the space. Formally: Such that the group action is transitively and acts by automorphisms on the space (some authors also require that the action be faithful).
 * 7)  Of or relating to homogeneous coordinates.
 * 8)  Informally: Determined by its restriction to the unit sphere. Formally: Such that, for all real $$t>0$$ and test functions $$\phi(\mathbf{x})$$, the equality $$S[t^{-n} \phi(\mathbf{x}/t)] = t^mS[\phi(\mathbf{x})]$$ holds for some fixed real or complex $$m$$.
 * 9)  Holding between a set and itself; being an endorelation.
 * 1)  Of or relating to homogeneous coordinates.
 * 2)  Informally: Determined by its restriction to the unit sphere. Formally: Such that, for all real $$t>0$$ and test functions $$\phi(\mathbf{x})$$, the equality $$S[t^{-n} \phi(\mathbf{x}/t)] = t^mS[\phi(\mathbf{x})]$$ holds for some fixed real or complex $$m$$.
 * 3)  Holding between a set and itself; being an endorelation.
 * 1)  Holding between a set and itself; being an endorelation.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: homogeen
 * Albanian:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: stejnorodý, homogenní
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: einsleitur, einleitur, eingerður, samkynja, samleitur
 * Irish: aonchineálach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: гомогендік, біртекті
 * Macedonian: еднообразен, еднороден, хомоген
 * Manx: cocheintagh
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: homogen
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: tulad-uriin
 * Telugu:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: tasa-aineinen,
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: еднороден, еднообразен, хомоген
 * Maori: kanorite
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: tulad-uriin

 * Arabic:
 * Urdu:

title: homogeneous


text:
Wiktionary talk:Welcome, newcomers

Wouldn't it make sense to provide a way to use definition lists such that search engines can do more meaningful indexing such as Google's define: operator? 25 Sep 2004

what does polysemic actually mean

 * Did you look here ? Webkid 19:46, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

(Question) If anyone can edit Wiktionary anonymously, what checks are in place preventing a miscreant from making random bogus changes to thousands of entries? or an honest user from making unforgivable errrorrs?

(For example) The lepton was defined as a boson, yet it seems highly unlikely that a scientist could make such a mistake, for there are only 2 particle groups (bosons and fermions). (Solution) Wiktionary should send out letters to graduates of various fields (such as History and Biology), explaining to them the nature and goals of Wiktionary and other Wiki projects, and then inviting them to become editors; asking them to contribute ~30 minutes a week to the project. Anonymous users may still add definitions and make modifications, yet all such modifications must be reviewed by a verified editor before being published, making error, bias, and lies the only limit to the user developement of Wiktionary. After all, a dictionary is meant to describe, and is not meant to be a bulletin board for the average brain-dead god-fearing primate.

 * You are the check, I am. Recent Changes allows everyone to see who has been editing what, and therefore ensure everyone is making meaningful edits.  There are some who will add bogus data, and more who add something based on misconception or misinformation, but also there are folks like you who spot the mistake and fix it.  There already are projects where only experts may contribute, they are text books, they are published references, the essence of Wiki* is to have everyone contribute their knowledge, have everyone edit and augment that knowledge, leading to a more complete, more available reference. TheDaveRoss

Confusion between language lists at www.wiktionary.org and Wiktionary#Active_Wiktionaries
Does anyone else feel there is confusion betwen these two lists? And the fact that the first page lists the names of languages in the target language, which is great if you're a speaker looking for a dictionry, but not if you don't speak the language, and are looking for a "immersive dictionary" that is actually defined in the target language.

I find the second page (and the link to the Irish wiktionary) only by clicking on the Complete List link, which is at the BOTTOM of the page, which lists the common name in English, as well as the name in the target language. I don't really see the point of the first page, except as a sort of 'advirtisement' for the Wiktionary as a whole.

BTW, the site for the Irish wiktionary is 'ga.wiktionary.org'. GA is the country code for Gabon, not Ireland. Ireland is IE.. I'm not sure if that should be broght up here, or on the ga.wiktionary.org site (I don't know enough Irish yet to do so though..)

-- Jim Witte

 * I'm not sure I follow. Wiktionary lists all language Wiktionaries that are open for editing and have significant activity.  The http://www.wiktionary.org/ page is the portal used by Chinese, French, Russian, German, Turkish, Vietnamese and English speakers, to find one that they can understand.  Wiktionary lists all the Wiktionaries that the WMF currently operates.  The List of ISO 639-2 codes Alpha-2 codes are where the "ga" came from.  Lastly, you're more likely to get a quick response to questions like these, at The information desk, than here.  --Connel MacKenzie 09:20, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Anarchy vs Chaos
''Why does this not result in total anarchy? Well, to some extent it does! But we've found that most people want to provide helpful edits. Records are kept of all changes, so even bad edits can easily be reverted by other users.''

Minor point in terms of language usage: The term anarchy appears to show language bias for the same reasons shown in the usage notes for the word. If anything, Wikimedia projects seem to demonstrate the positives (and some of the negatives) of anarchic self-organization. Thus, substitution of the word chaos for Anarchy may be more appropriate. -- Mickey Mephistopheles 20:42, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

http://el.wiktionary.org
Greek wiktionary has gotten over 100.000 entries in the last few months; why hasn't it been moved to the 100.000+ category? 216.224.124.124 15:12, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Is this vandalism?
The last part of norms etc reads

''We tend to cater to the highest. "Lower common denominators" tend politely not to touch articles they know nothing about!''

This makes no sense, has someone tampered with it?--Kylemew 22:56, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Not sure, but it is gone now. Thank you.  --Connel MacKenzie 01:14, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Language Codes
There can be substantial differences between versions of a language. (e.g. broiler is never used in GB english the term is grill). The Lanauge codes do not allow en-GB that would be a the proper notation for such a translation. Wiktionary appears to have no way of addressing this issue at all other than for Canadians.
 * Using codes for that is not appropriate. We are able to distinguish between dialects of a single language easily with context labels that feed into categories. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:06, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

all guidance links are red/lead nowhere
what's up with this? vandalism? i can't imagine a less-helpful start page, really Tedfitzy (talk) 07:33, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * pinging who did the last edit. – Jberkel 08:38, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't recollect that edit (and I don't drink, do drugs, or sleepwalk [AFAIK]). I hope that there is an explanation other than someone hijacking my account. DCDuring (talk) 11:37, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:Welcome, newcomers


text:
armistice

Etymology

From, from +  (from , ultimately from ) +. The word is cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A (short) cessation of combat; a cease-fire, a truce.
 * 2) A formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat.
 * 1) A formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat.
 * 1) A formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat.

Translations

 * Georgian: დროებითი ზავი, დაზავება, საომარ მოქმედებათა შეწყვეტა
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀνοχή
 * Korean:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, våpenstillstand
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:

 * Afrikaans: wapenstilstand, skietstilstand
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: هُدْنَة, وَقْف نَار
 * Armenian:
 * Asturian: armisticiu
 * Basque: armistizio
 * Belarusian: перамі́р'е, замiрэ́нне, спыне́нне агню́
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, wapenstand
 * Estonian: vaherahu, relvarahu
 * Faroese: vápnahvíld
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician: armisticio
 * Georgian:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀνακωχή, ἀνοχή
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vopnahlé
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean: ,
 * Latin: indūtiae
 * Latvian: pamiers
 * Lithuanian: paliaubos
 * Macedonian: примирје
 * Malay: peletakan senjata
 * Manx: aash caggee
 * Maori: rangaawatea
 * Norman: armistie
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, våpenstillstand
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: прекраще́ние огня́,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: примирје
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: prímerie
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: припине́ння вогню́, переми́р'я
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Welsh:

Etymology
, from and  (compare ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

title: armistice