text:
sex on the beach

Noun

 * 1) A cocktail containing vodka, peach schnapps, cranberry juice and orange juice.

Noun

 * 1)  (cocktail)

title: sex on the beach


text:
triple sec

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Any of several triple-distilled liqueurs flavoured with fruit e.g. Curaçao, Cointreau, and Grand Marnier.
 * 2) A branded liqueur from Curaçao flavoured with orange peel.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: triple sec
 * French:
 * Russian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: triple sec
 * French:
 * Russian:

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 橙酒
 * Estonian: triple sec

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) triple sec

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: triple sec


text:
桂馬

Etymology
From 🇨🇬-derived elements 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  a cassia or laurelled horse, erroneously called in most literature as the equivalent of the “knight” in Western chess
 * 2)  a quibble, sophistry, or other incoherent argument
 * 3)  a stone placed orthogonally similar to how a keima in shogi or knight in Western chess moves from another stone of the same color
 * 4) such a move with one stone is called a
 * 5) such a move done with two stones (may be in succession) is called a
 * 1) such a move with one stone is called a
 * 2) such a move done with two stones (may be in succession) is called a

title: 桂馬


text:
con moto

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played "with motion"
 * 2)  A passage having this mark

Adverb

 * 1)  played "with motion"

Adjective

 * 1)  describing a passage having this mark

title: con moto


text: 比赛

title: 比赛


text:
比賽

Verb

 * 1) to compete; to have a match

Noun

 * 1) match; competition; tournament

Usage notes
For competition in a general sense, use.

title: 比賽


text:
metronome

Etymology
Coined in English from +.

Noun

 * 1)  A device, containing an inverted pendulum, used to mark time by means of regular ticks at adjustable intervals; an electronic equivalent that emits flashes.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: metronoom
 * Albanian: metronom
 * Arabic: مِيتْرُونُوم, مِسْرَع
 * Armenian:
 * Basque: metronomo
 * Belarusian: метраном
 * Bulgarian: метроном
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 拍子機,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: metronom
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: metronomo
 * Estonian: metronoom
 * Finnish:, tahtimittari
 * French:
 * Galician: metrónomo
 * Georgian: მეტრონომი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: तालमान
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: méadranóm
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: メトロノーム
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latvian: metronoms
 * Lithuanian: metronomas
 * Macedonian: метроном
 * Malay: metronom
 * Maori: inetaki
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: metronom
 * Nynorsk: metronom
 * Persian: مترونوم
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, metrónomo
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: метроном
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian: mitrònumu
 * Slovak: metronóm
 * Slovene: metronom
 * Spanish: metrónomo
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เมโทรนอม
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: метроно́м
 * Vietnamese: máy nhịp

title: metronome


text:
必須

Verb

 * 1) must; have to

Usage notes
is used for subjective requirements, while is used for objective requirements.

Adjective

 * 1) indispensable, essential

Noun

 * 1) indispensability, a must

title: 必須


text:
baking tray

Noun

 * 1)  An oven-proof metal tray used to hold foods in the oven.

Translations

 * Catalan: safata de forn
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 焙烤淺盤
 * Danish: bageplade, bradepande
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: plaque à four
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: tráidire bácála
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: плех
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: stekebrett
 * Polish: blacha do pieczenia
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, bandeja del horno
 * Swedish:, långpanna
 * Vietnamese: khay nướng
 * Welsh: silff bobi

title: baking tray


text:
HE

Proper noun

 * , a federal state of Germany.

title: HE


text:
apelsin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) orange fruit

Etymology
Borrowing from older and in some dialects older. Equivalent to and.

Noun

 * 1) an orange fruit

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) orange fruit

title: apelsin


text:
뜯다

Etymology
From

Verb

 * 1) to tear, pick, pluck
 * 2) to graze
 * 3) to play
 * 4) to disassemble, disintegrate, dismantle
 * 5) to extort, levy
 * 1) to disassemble, disintegrate, dismantle
 * 2) to extort, levy

title: 뜯다


text:
Viburnum

Etymology
, from

Hypernyms

 * ; - tribe

Hyponyms

 * ,, , , , , , - selected species; for others see references.

title: Viburnum


text:
Adoxaceae

Hypernyms

 * ,, , , euasterids II - clades; - order

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - genera in  subfamily;  - genus

title: Adoxaceae


text:
viburnum

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Any of many shrubs and trees, of the genus, native to the Northern Hemisphere that have showy clusters of flowers.

Translations

 * Arabic: أُفلُوس,
 * Bashkir: балан
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Chuvash: палан
 * Crimean Tatar:
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: lodjapuu
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Kazakh: шәңкіш
 * Latin: viburnum
 * Ottoman Turkish: قار طوپی
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: viburno
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: кали́на
 * Volapük: viburn

Etymology
la, possibly. Compare, , , , , , , all strongly suspected to be from or a related language, although the sound sequence also occurs in words trusted to be native like , ,.

title: viburnum


text:
vicariousness

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being vicarious.

title: vicariousness


text:
vicennial

Etymology
From or directly from, from  + , from  + , from  +  +. Equivalent to +.

Adjective

 * 1) Occurring once every twenty years.
 * 2) Lasting for twenty years.

Related terms

 * (yearly), (2),  (3),  (4),  (5),  (6),  (7),  (8),  (9),  (10),  (100),  (200),  (500),  (1000),  (10,000),  (forever)

Translations

 * Italian: vicennale
 * Latin: vicennialis

Noun

 * 1) A twenty-year period
 * 2) A twentieth anniversary, particularly
 * 3) * 1909 June, John H. Vincent & al., "'89's Vicennial", The Chautauquan, Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 130:
 * Among the well established anniversaries celebrated by Chautauqua classes from year to year are the vicennials. A strong sense of comradeship is developed among members who come to Chautauqua twenty years after graduation...
 * , the festival and religious ritual held in the 20th year of a Roman emperor's reign.
 * 1) * 2022, Martin Hallmannsecker, Roman Ionia..., p. 110:
 * Roman coins mentioning the vota publica for Macrinus are RIC IV.1 5–13; on vota publica for the decennials and vicennials of emperors in the 2nd and 3rd c., see Chastagnol 1984.
 * 1) * 2022, Martin Hallmannsecker, Roman Ionia..., p. 110:
 * Roman coins mentioning the vota publica for Macrinus are RIC IV.1 5–13; on vota publica for the decennials and vicennials of emperors in the 2nd and 3rd c., see Chastagnol 1984.

Usage notes
In reference to the Roman festival, sometimes used in the plural to match Latin and provide for the variety of events.

title: vicennial


text:
vichyssoise

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A thick, creamy soup made from potato, leeks, onions, and chicken stock, and normally served cold.

title: vichyssoise


text: videodisk

title: videodisk


text:
videophone

Noun

 * 1) A telephone capable of transmitting both audio and video signals in both directions.
 * 2)  A  with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
 * 1)  A  with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
 * 1)  A  with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
 * 1)  A  with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 視頻電話,, , 視像電話
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: videopuhelin
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: físeafón
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: videotelefon
 * Polish: wideofon
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: videófono
 * Welsh: fideoffon

title: videophone


text:
viewership

Noun

 * 1) collectively, the viewers of a television program or other video broadcast

Translations

 * Dutch: kijkerspubliek
 * Finnish: katsojakunta, katsojat
 * French:
 * Georgian: მაყურებლები, აუდიენცია
 * Greek:, ,
 * Maori: hunga mātakitaki
 * Polish:
 * Spanish:

title: viewership


text:
Talk:have

He has some money, hasn't he?
In the text, the use of this sentence as an example of British English: “He has some money, hasn't he?” is not correct. In spoken British English "have" used to mean possess would be placed as an auxiliary only when "got" is accompanying it. Therefore the sentence should read: "He's got some money, hasn't he?" Without got it should read "He has some money, doesn't he?" The use of have as an stand alone auxiliary only occurs in British English in regional English and even then, you'd be hard pushed to find an example.
 * Anonymous User 88.5.141.146, who wrote the above, is partially correct. In spoken British English we might also say "He does have some money, doesn't he?", but most English speakers would never say "He has some money, doesn't he?" User 88.5.141.146 must be thinking of his particular regional English, influenced by American usage. I think the article should remain as it stands, making a clear distinction between American and British written usage. Spoken usage evidently varies.   D b f  i  r  s   20:54, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

RFC discussion: May 2006
When I stopped vomiting, I noticed that the reason "have" is pink is due to its use of. A few other entries ("mosquito", "mosquitos", and "grunt") also use that template. The template seems to signal inflections not in common use. I don't see any prior discussion on standardizing the display of such inflections, but there must be a better way than. Rod (A. Smith) 01:41, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed all instances of that horrible creature. —Vildricianus 11:54, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Consensus
Could someone please give me direction on whether to use have or hasn't one? etc., simliarly am or aren't I? etc. for the relevant tags? The last discussion in RfD was driven by EC but resulted in no recommendation. Davilla 06:36, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don’t understand your question. Have means one thing, hasn't one? means another; am is a standard verb form, while aren't I? is an informal and conversational phrase. What do you mean by relevant tags? —Stephen 17:40, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Edited link above. Do the tags for forming these questions go on the page for the auxiliary verb, or do they deserve their own pages (and quite a number of them)?

Have as a noun
There's a usage of have as a noun in (at least) New Zealand where it means approximately 'illegitimate deal' or 'raw deal' and often occurring as "a bit of a have". Colloquial and mostly just in spoken English so it turns up in transcribed quotes mostly.

[NZherald: 'Rugby: Top ref admits he did bad job' 21 Jan, 2012] "Some guys try to put that friendly persona on, try to make out that if they're smiling, everything is under control. I think it's a bit of a have really."

 * Interesting: could it be from, having someone on? Equinox ◑ 20:21, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

That sounds pretty plausible. If you nounified to 'have someone on' makes sense you'd end up with just 'have'.

thou
The wikipedia entry of thou mentions

A few verbs have irregular thou forms: to have: thou hast, thou hadst --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:16, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * We typically don't include those, because they are no longer used (or at least are very rarely used). You will still be able to find entries for irregular forms like and, however. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 20:19, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

I would like to have met her
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, page 148, reads I would like to have met her and I would have liked to have met her, which are often used to convey the same meaning as I would have liked to meet her, are ambiguous: they also have interpretations in which anteriority applies to the meeting. These interpretations are pragmatically unlikely in the examples chosen, but become more salient if we change met her to ﬁnished it. What are the two interpretations of such sentences which make them ambiguous? --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:52, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

 * "I would have liked to" (but I no longer wish it). "I would like to have done" (and I still wish I had done). Equinox ◑ 12:54, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * then to which meaning does anteriority applies to the meeting apply? --Backinstadiums (talk) 14:04, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Meeting in the past. Equinox ◑ 14:06, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * But can't I would have liked to meet her be said even when you still want to meet her (even if it's no longer possible, for example because of her demise) --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:02, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes somebody might say that. A pedant might criticise it, since it seems that "would have liked" is in the past (whereas "I would [still] like" is present"). Equinox ◑ 02:29, 17 October 2019 (UTC)

Backshifting within the scope of a modally remote preterite
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, page 152, reads

If he knew she had too many commitments, he would do something about it is a remote conditional, with the preterite in knew expressing modal remoteness, not past time: the time of knowing is present. So too (certainly in the salient interpretation) is the time of her having too many commitments: it is a matter of knowing in the present about a situation obtaining in the present. And the same applies to I wish he realised that she had too many commitments.

From a semantic point of view, therefore, the preterite carried by have must be distinguished from that carried by know or realise, which is reﬂected in the grammar in that irrealis were is not substitutable for was in this construction:

''If he knew she was/∗were too busy, he would do something about it

I wish he realised that she was/∗were too busy.''

In what dialect are those the salient interpretations? --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:40, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

have something on somebody
Is the meaning of "What does he have on you?" added yet? --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:26, 24 November 2019 (UTC)

'st
'st from hast as in thou'st is not added yet --Backinstadiums (talk) 22:51, 1 March 2020 (UTC)

/v/
According to LPD The weak form /v/ is used only after a vowel (when it is often written as the contraction ’ve), or in very fast speech at the beginning of a sentence; /əv/ is not used at the beginning of a sentence. Weak forms of have, has, had are used only when the word functions as the perfective auxiliary, or is the equivalent of have got and is used with an object that is not a pronoun --Backinstadiums (talk) 22:56, 1 March 2020 (UTC)

had pronunciation
According to LPD At the beginning of a sentence the usual weak form is [həd], or in rapid speech [d]. --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:27, 4 March 2020 (UTC)

modal
is it a modal in what have we here? --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:20, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The baby will certainly have blue eyes, because both parents have --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:22, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

not have any of
To refuse to acknowledge, allow, accept, or participate in something. I won't have any of this scheme—I have a public image to upkeep! --Backinstadiums (talk) 19:57, 19 April 2021 (UTC)

We usually have my mother to stay over Christmas
What meaning is used here? --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:36, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

behave
False analogies frequently produce irregular analogical formations in the language of children, e.g. ‘I am being have’ from a false analysis of the imperative ‘Behave yourself!’ --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:32, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

Her boyfriend is the person she has do most of her dirty deeds
Does any one meaning match the use in this sentence? --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:01, 2 May 2022 (UTC)

 * This one: " To cause to, by a command, request or invitation." 98.170.164.88 20:10, 2 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:have


text:
vigilantism

Noun

 * 1) The activities of a vigilante; acting outside of legal authority, often violently, to punish or avenge a crime, right a perceived wrong, etc.

Translations

 * Finnish: vigilantismi,
 * German: Vigilantismus, Vigilantentum,
 * Hungarian:, önkéntes/önjelölt polgárőrség, önkényes igazságosztás/rendfenntartás, vigilantizmus

title: vigilantism


text:
vigilantist

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to or characteristic of a vigilante.

title: vigilantist


text:
vignettist

Noun

 * 1) a person who makes vignettes; a vignetter

title: vignettist


text:
book signing

Noun

 * 1)  An event where an author signs copies of her/his books for fans.

Translations

 * Finnish: kirjan signeeraustilaisuus, kirjan nimikirjoitustilaisuus
 * German: Büchersignieren, Buchsignieren
 * Polish: podpisywanie książki

title: book signing


text: book signings

title: book signings


text:
vileness

Noun

 * 1) the state of being vile
 * 2) a vile act

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Interlingua: vilitate
 * Italian:, abiettitudine, abiettezza, , nefandità
 * Latin: dēfōrmitās, nēquitia, indignitas
 * Latvian: zemiskums
 * Manx: dwoaieid
 * Romanian:, , ,
 * Russian:

 * German: Schändlichkeit,

title: vileness


text:
villeinage

Noun

 * 1) The state of being a villein.
 * 2) A feudal system involving villeins; serfdom.

title: villeinage


text:
altricial

Etymology
From (a former division of birds), plural of, the feminine of , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  Helpless at birth (of young animals); or having young which are helpless at birth.

Translations

 * Portuguese: altricial

Noun

 * 1) Such an animal.

Adjective

 * 1)   having young which are helpless at birth

title: altricial


text:
vincible

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Capable of being defeated or overcome; assailable or vulnerable.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch: overwinnelijk
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: vencible

title: vincible


text:
vindicator

Noun

 * 1) a person who vindicates.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  avenger,

Etymology 2
Verb forms.

title: vindicator


text:
violist

Noun

 * 1) A person who plays the viol.

Noun

 * 1) A person who plays the viola.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: altvioolspeler, altviolis
 * Catalan: violista,
 * Dutch: ,
 * French:
 * German:, , , , Violaspieler, Viola-Spieler, Violaspielerin, Viola-Spielerin
 * Irish: vióladóir
 * Italian: violista
 * Polish:, , , , , , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish: violast, altviolinist

Usage notes

 * There is no term in widespread, modern use specific to players of either instrument. The viol can also be called the viola da gamba, and a player therefore can be called a gambist, but that word is not common. A player of a viola can also be called a violaist, but that is a dated term not in wide use.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) violinist

title: violist


text:
violoncellist

Noun

 * 1) a person who plays the violoncello

Translations

 * Georgian: ვიოლონჩელისტი
 * Greek: ,
 * Irish: dordveidhleadóir

title: violoncellist


text:
predictive text

Noun

 * 1)  A system for inputting text on a device where individual buttons correspond to several characters that attempts to guess which word was intended (typically out of a writable vocabulary), as opposed to a system where disambiguation is achieved through repeated presses of the same key.
 * 2)  A system, as in a word processor, that attempts to predict and autocomplete the text being typed.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 词组联想
 * Finnish: ennakoiva tekstinsyöttö, ennustava tekstinsyöttö
 * German: Texterkennung
 * Swedish: prediktiv textinmatning

title: predictive text


text:
viperous

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to a viper
 * 2) venomous, malicious or treacherous

title: viperous


text:
vireo

Etymology
From (genus name), from.

Noun

 * 1) Any of a number of small insectivorous passerine birds, of the genus, that have grey-green plumage.
 * 2) * 2012, Eloise Potter, Birds of the Carolinas, Easyread Large Edition, page 94,
 * This[the white-eyed vireo] is our only vireo that has two white wing bars, yellow spectacles, and yellow sides.
 * 1) Any bird of the family, which includes vireos, shrike-vireos, greenlets, and peppershrikes.
 * This[the white-eyed vireo] is our only vireo that has two white wing bars, yellow spectacles, and yellow sides.
 * 1) Any bird of the family, which includes vireos, shrike-vireos, greenlets, and peppershrikes.

Usage notes
The alternative plural form appears to be relatively rare and dated.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vireo bird of the genus

Etymology 1
From, from , from. See also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to be verdant, green; to sprout new green growth
 * 2) to flourish; to be lively, vigorous

Noun

 * 1) a bird, probably the greenfinch

title: vireo


text:
virology

Noun

 * 1) The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases.

Related terms

 * vectorology

Translations

 * Albanian: viriologji
 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:, վիրոլոգիա
 * Basque:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: вирусология
 * Catalan: virologia
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Corsican: virologia
 * Czech:
 * Danish: virologi
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: virusologio
 * Faroese: virusfrøði
 * Finnish:, virusoppi
 * French:
 * Georgian: ვიროლოგია
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: veirufræði
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: víreolaíocht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: вирусология
 * Khmer: វីរុសសាស្ត្រ
 * Korean:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian: virusologija, virologija
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: virologi
 * Nynorsk: virologi
 * Persian: ویرولوژی
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: birolohiya
 * Thai: ไวรัสวิทยา
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: virus học, vi-rút học, siêu vi học, siêu vi khuẩn học, siêu vi trùng học
 * Welsh:

title: virology


text:
virtuosity

Etymology
From ; the terminal -o drops out. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The technical skills and fluent style of a virtuoso.
 * 2) Lovers of the elegant arts as a class.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: виртуозност
 * Catalan:
 * Esperanto: bravuro
 * Finnish:, , virtuositeetti,
 * French:
 * Interlingua: virtuositate
 * Irish: rímháistreacht
 * Italian: virtuosità
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: virtuozita

title: virtuosity


text:
virtuousness

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The state of being virtuous.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:goodness

Translations

 * Irish: suáilceas
 * Macedonian: доброде́телство, до́блесност
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

title: virtuousness


text:
virulence

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) The state of being virulent.
 * 2) A measure of how virulent a thing is.
 * 1) A measure of how virulent a thing is.

Translations

 * Arabic: حدة الجرثوم
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Basque: birulentzia
 * Belarusian: вірулентнасць
 * Bengali:
 * Catalan: virulència
 * Central Kurdish: ڤیرۆلەنس
 * Chinese:
 * Czech: virulence
 * Dutch: virulentie
 * Estonian: virulentsus
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: λοιμοτοξικότητα,
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian: bakteri virulen
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: вируленттік
 * Kyrgyz: вируленттүүлүк
 * Latvian: virulence
 * Macedonian: масовност, патогеност, вируленција
 * Norwegian: virulens
 * Norwegian Nynorsk: virulens
 * Persian: ویرولانس
 * Polish: wirulencja
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: virulencia
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ศักยภาพก่อโรค
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: вірулентність
 * Uzbek: virulentlik
 * Vietnamese:

title: virulence


text:
package management system

Noun

 * 1)  A package manager: the tool used by an operating system to manage software installation.

title: package management system


text:
Talk:package management system

Description (originally added by Tjyang between 07:24 & 07:26 10 Mar 2005) moved from PMS to match preferred entry layout that detailed descriptions are put under the full phrase rather than the initialism.

(Particularly valid in this case since I have not found any cites of the initialism having this meaning, but there are plenty of cites for the full name.) --Eng in ear 12:41, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:package management system


text:
将棋

Etymology
First attested in  (11th century) as, but also later as or  in other literatures. Probably cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) shogi Japanese chess
 * 2) any of several shogi variants that are (or have been) played in Japan and elsewhere
 * 3) any other chess variant such as Western chess, xiangqi (Chinese chess), chaturanga, janggi (Korean chess), shatranj, makruk, etc.
 * 1) any of several shogi variants that are (or have been) played in Japan and elsewhere
 * 2) any other chess variant such as Western chess, xiangqi (Chinese chess), chaturanga, janggi (Korean chess), shatranj, makruk, etc.
 * 1) any of several shogi variants that are (or have been) played in Japan and elsewhere
 * 2) any other chess variant such as Western chess, xiangqi (Chinese chess), chaturanga, janggi (Korean chess), shatranj, makruk, etc.

title: 将棋


text:
떼다

Etymology
from.

Verb

 * 1) to detach, to remove, to take off
 * 2) to separate
 * 3) to unseal
 * 4) to wean
 * 5) to deduct
 * 6) to reserve, to spare, to set aside

title: 떼다


text: pìyǎn

title: pìyǎn


text:
seni seviyorum

Phrase

 * 1) I love you

Antonyms

 * sevmiyorum

title: seni seviyorum


text:
boekwinkel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bookshop, bookstore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bookshop, bookstore

title: boekwinkel


text:
boekhandel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bookshop, bookstore

title: boekhandel


text:
혀

Noun

 * 1) tongue

Derived terms

 * : To bite one's tongue
 * : To be crooked (of tongue)
 * : To click one's tongue

title: 혀


text:
kledingzaak

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) clothes shop

title: kledingzaak


text:
clothes shop

Noun

 * 1) A shop that sells clothes.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: klerewinkel
 * Dutch:, , , klerenwinkel
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greenlandic:
 * Norman: boutique d'habilements
 * Northern Sami: bivttasgávpi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: klesbutikk
 * Nynorsk: klebutikk, kledebutikk, klesbutikk
 * Romanian: magazin de haine
 * Russian: магазин одежды
 * Swahili: duka la nguo
 * Turkish: giyim mağazası

title: clothes shop


text:
warenhuis

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1) A department store.
 * 2) A warehouse.
 * 3) A greenhouse in which crop rotation is practised.
 * 1) A greenhouse in which crop rotation is practised.
 * 1) A greenhouse in which crop rotation is practised.

title: warenhuis


text:
schoenwinkel

Noun

 * 1) shoe shop

title: schoenwinkel


text: sportwinkel

title: sportwinkel


text:
schoen

Etymology
From, from , from , from. The original Middle Dutch plural was, which was reanalysed as a singular form.

Noun

 * 1) shoe footwear

title: schoen


text:
overhemd

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shirt

title: overhemd


text:
Frankish

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬. More at.

.

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to the Franks
 * 2) in or of the language of the Franks

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also ,

Translations

 * Arabic: إِفْرَنْجِيّ
 * Armenian:
 * Breton:
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: frankisk
 * Dutch:
 * French:, ,
 * Georgian: ფრანკული
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Marathi: फ्रँकिश
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: frankisk
 * Old Church Slavonic: франьчьскъ, фрачьскъ, фрѧжьскъ, фрѧѕьскъ
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: Ffrancaidd

 * Georgian: ფრანკული, ფრანკულად
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Marathi: फ्रँकिश
 * Swedish:

Proper noun

 * 1) The language of the Franks, an ancient West Germanic language, ancestral to Dutch.

Translations

 * Armenian: ֆրանկերեն
 * Catalan: fràncic
 * Danish: frankisk
 * Dutch: ;
 * French: ;
 * Georgian: ფრანკული ენა
 * German: ;
 * Marathi: फ्रँकिश
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: fráncico
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh: Ffranceg

title: Frankish


text:
stropdas

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) necktie

title: stropdas


text:
Category talk:English irregular plurals

Some things we should think about: Please comment. Ncik 16:45, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * do we want one list containing all irregular plurals + subcategories by ending or do we want subcategories by ending only?
 * What is the merit of having subcategories by ending?
 * If we want to have these subcategories by ending, would it be more sensible to categorise according to how the ending was formed rather than what it looks like? (e.g. one category for words of Greek origin with on->a (such as automaton, phenomenon) and one for words of Latin origin with um->a (such as datum, serum))
 * There are currently overlaps (e.g. "-ies" is a subcategory of "-es").
 * What do we prefer Category:English irregular plurals ending in "-a" or Category:English plurals ending in "-a" (all en plurals ending in -a are irregular)?

 * The categories should have a description (and essentially already have one) of the formation rules of the plurals contained therein (i.e. why the "-es" category includes faxes and hatches but not faces and douches). If we know that all plurals ending in "-a" are irregular, why bother having the word "irregular" in the cat name? bd2412 T 16:53, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll remove Category:English plurals ending in "-es" from the irregular plural category if you don't mind. Ncik 17:03, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Similarly for "-ies". There is no need to have inclusion rules at the beginning of each irregular plurals category. A simple reference to the rules on Category:English nouns with irregular plurals suffices. Agreed? Ncik 17:07, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Automatic categorization
In July 2020 when I was looking at these categories I was (and still am) hoping they would soon be added automatically. Category:English irregular plurals is very small considering Category:English nouns with irregular plurals has more than 14000 entries: it is not feasible for someone to categorize these manually. J3133 (talk) 03:35, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

I moved the discussion from Template talk:en-irregular plural of to here because most use. J3133 (talk) 03:44, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Category talk:English irregular plurals


text:
horloge

Etymology
From, from , from , from. The current spelling was influenced by Modern.

Noun

 * 1)  watch wearable timepiece
 * 2)  any timepiece (watch or clock)
 * 1)  any timepiece (watch or clock)

Etymology
, from, , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) clock

title: horloge


text:
oorbel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) earring, eardrop
 * 2) ear lobe

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) earring piece of pierced ear jewelry of any type
 * 2) * 1784, Alex Balthazaar, Chirurgia practica, of oefenende heelkunde, publ. by J. B. Elwe, page 178.
 * "nl"

- § 369. Wanneer, door de mode om zwaare oorbellen te draagen, de oorlellen zijn doorgeſcheurd, dan kan men dit gebrek, met de boorden van de ſpleet rauw te maaken, en zamentehegten,ligtelijk herſtellen.

title: oorbel


text: 应当

title: 应当


text:
oktan

Noun

 * 1)  octane (C8H18)

Noun

 * 1)  octane

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) octane
 * 2)  octane number

Noun

 * 1)  octane

Noun

 * 1)  octane
 * 2) octane number

title: oktan


text:
besetment

Noun

 * 1) The state of being beset.
 * A common threat to icebreakers is besetment, where they are trapped in the ice and unable to ram the ice to escape.

title: besetment


text: icebreakers

title: icebreakers


text:
AANBUS

Proper noun

 * : a modular construction system used by Australia for its buildings in Antarctica.

title: AANBUS


text:
銅錢

Noun

 * 1) an ancient coin with a square hole in the centre; copper cash; coin

title: 銅錢


text:
Vireo

Translations

 * Spanish: vireo,

title: Vireo


text:
sciomancy

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1) divination using shadows
 * 2) divination using ghosts or spirits

Translations

 * Finnish: varjoista ennustaminen
 * Polish: wróżenie cieniami

title: sciomancy


text:
Vireonidae

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - genera

title: Vireonidae


text:
bibliomancy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Divination by interpreting a passage chosen at random from a book, especially from the Bible.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: bibliomancia
 * Spanish:

title: bibliomancy


text:
rjómaís

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ice cream

title: rjómaís


text:
rjómi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) cream fatty part of milk
 * 2) cream best part of something

Derived terms

 * /fleyta rjómann af [einhverju] (to be make profit, to take the best of [something])
 * (admixture of cream)
 * (whipping cream)
 * (low-fat cream)
 * (cream analogue)
 * (single cream)
 * (whey cream)
 * (cream-milk powder, cream powder)
 * (cream-coloured)
 * (crème liqueur)
 * (ice cream)
 * (centrifugal cream separator)
 * (low-calorie cream)
 * (dehydrated cream)
 * (centrifugal cream separator)
 * (low-calorie cream)
 * (dehydrated cream)
 * (low-calorie cream)
 * (dehydrated cream)
 * (low-calorie cream)
 * (dehydrated cream)

title: rjómi


text:
visitant

Etymology
From, present participle of.

Noun

 * 1) One who visits; a guest; a visitor.
 * 2) * 1612-13,,  Act I, Scene III,
 * Ambition, madam, is a great man's madness, / That is not kept in chains and close-pent rooms, / But in fair lightsome lodgings, and is girt / With the wild noise of prattling visitants, / Which makes it lunatic beyond all cure.
 * 1) A spectre or ghost.
 * 2) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.
 * 1) A spectre or ghost.
 * 2) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.
 * 1) A spectre or ghost.
 * 2) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.
 * 1) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.
 * 1) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.
 * 1) A migratory bird that makes a temporary stop somewhere.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Georgian: მნახველი, სტუმარი
 * Russian:, , ,  , ,

Adjective

 * 1) Visiting.
 * 2) * 1677,, Madam Fickle, or, The Witty False One, London: James Magnes & Richard Bentley, Act III, Scene 2, p. 33,
 * Now the plots unravell’d: I begin to have a knowledge of the visitant Kinsman that us’d to molest us.

title: visitant


text:
schilderij

Etymology
From the stem of. Or alternatively, from. See also the usage notes at.

Noun

 * 1) painting

title: schilderij


text:
visualizer

Noun

 * 1) Someone who visualizes; especially someone whose mental imagery is visual.
 * 2) That which provides a visualization.
 * 3)  A video accompanying a song, usually simpler than a typical music video, intended to be a visual representation of the song.
 * 4) A person in the advertising industry who produces artwork for presentations.
 * 1) A person in the advertising industry who produces artwork for presentations.
 * 1) A person in the advertising industry who produces artwork for presentations.

Translations

 * Polish: wzrokowiec

title: visualizer


text:
schilderen

Etymology
From. Equivalent to. In medieval times, shields were often painted in the coat of arms of the wearer, the person who did this was named. This person often took on the task of painting other things.

Verb

 * 1)  to paint

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to paint a shield
 * 2)  to paint (in general)

title: schilderen


text:
vitalization

Noun

 * 1) The act of vitalizing; enlivenment; vivification.

title: vitalization


text:
vitally

Adverb

 * 1) In a manner that imparts vitality
 * 2) To an extent that is vital; indispensably

title: vitally


text:
viticulturist

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A person who grows grapevines.

Translations

 * Albanian: vneshtar,
 * Armenian:
 * Finnish: viininviljelijä
 * French: ,
 * Galician: viñateiro
 * German:, , , Weingärtnerin, ,
 * Greek:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: viticultor, viticultora

title: viticulturist


text:
vivaciousness

Noun

 * 1) the state of being vivacious; vivacity

title: vivaciousness


text:
vizor

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) viewfinder
 * 2) peephole

title: vizor


text:
southern lights

Noun

 * 1) The aurora of the southern hemisphere.
 * 2) * 1772,, The Journals, Second Voyage, 18 February:
 * The Southern Lights were again seen last night.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: suiderligte
 * Bashkir: һаҙағай ; көньяҡ һаҙағай
 * Danish: sydlys
 * Esperanto: antarkta aŭroro
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: déli fény
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: Gealáin Theas
 * Norwegian: sørlys
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: южное полярное сия́ние
 * Scottish Gaelic: fir-chlis
 * Spanish: aurora austral
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: півде́нне ся́йво
 * Vietnamese: nam cực quang

title: southern lights


text:
iambus

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  iamb

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) iamb, iambus
 * 2) iambic verse

title: iambus


text:
User talk:Jtir~enwiktionary

--Jtir 15:28, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jtir. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jtir~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:54, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:10, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jtir~enwiktionary


text:
iceboat

Noun

 * 1) An ice yacht.
 * 2) An icebreaker; a ship that breaks through ice.

Verb

 * 1)  To travel by ice yacht.

title: iceboat


text:
pumping

Noun

 * 1) The act by which something is pumped.
 * 2) The act of injecting silicone into the body to try to achieve a fuller or curvier look.
 * 1) The act of injecting silicone into the body to try to achieve a fuller or curvier look.

title: pumping


text:
icebound

Adjective

 * 1) Completely surrounded by ice and therefore unable to move.

title: icebound


text:
ignobly

Adverb

 * 1) in an ignoble manner

title: ignobly


text:
ignominiously

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) In an ignominious manner.

title: ignominiously


text:
попугай

Etymology 1
Likely. Attested since 1589.

The sense of a unit of length originates from the Soviet animated cartoon "Тридцать восемь попугаев" (1976), where animals measured the length of a boa constrictor by comparing him to a parrot.

Noun

 * 1) parrot (bird)
 * 2) * 2014, Гарин-Михайловский Н.Г., Попугай, "Издательство ""Проспект""" ISBN 9785392170272
 * 3) parrot (person)
 * 4) a showy and gaudily dressed person; popinjay
 * 5)  a jocular unit of length, presumably equal to the length of a parrot
 * 1)  a jocular unit of length, presumably equal to the length of a parrot
 * 1)  a jocular unit of length, presumably equal to the length of a parrot

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) parrot
 * 2) parrot

title: попугай


text:
ignorantly

Adverb

 * 1) In an ignorant manner.
 * 2) Accidentally.

title: ignorantly


text:
ikon

Noun

 * 1) icon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  icon
 * 2) icon (best in class)
 * 3)  icon

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) icon a religious painting, often done on wooden panels
 * 2) icon image
 * 3)  icon

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) icon a religious painting, often done on wooden panels
 * 2)  icon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an icon

Usage notes

 * Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine. The form was made non-standard by this change.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an icon

Usage notes

 * Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine. The forms, , and , were all made non-standard.

Noun

 * 1) an icon (religious painting)
 * 2) an icon, an idol, a symbol
 * 3)  an icon (small picture)

title: ikon


text:
iodize

Verb

 * 1) To treat or react with iodine.

Translations

 * Arabic: يَوَّدَ
 * Finnish: jodittaa
 * Italian: iodare
 * Portuguese: iodar
 * Spanish:

title: iodize


text:
ionizer

Noun

 * 1) a device that ionizes

Translations

 * Czech: ionizátor

title: ionizer


text:
ipecac

Etymology
, from, from , from ; or from  , from.

Noun

 * 1) The dried rhizome and roots of either of two tropical American plants ( and ) of the madder family used especially as a source of emetine.
 * 2)  An emetic and expectorant drug that contains emetine and is prepared from ipecac especially as a syrup for use in treating accidental poisoning.
 * 3) The shrub that produces ipecac, native to Brazil and cultivated elsewhere.
 * 1) The shrub that produces ipecac, native to Brazil and cultivated elsewhere.

title: ipecac


text:
ipecacuanha

Etymology
From, from a language , from  +  +.

Noun

 * 1)  The root of, used as an emetic or purgative; a preparation of this root used as a drug; ipecac.
 * 2)  The flowering plant.
 * 1)  The flowering plant.

Derived terms

 * wild ipecacuanha

Translations

 * Polish: wymiotnica, ipekakuana
 * Portuguese: ipecacuanha
 * Tagalog: ipekakwana

Noun

 * 1)  flowering plant

title: ipecacuanha


text:
itty-bitty

Noun

 * 1)  A small breast.

title: itty-bitty


text:
dishing

Adjective

 * 1) Shaped like a dish; concave.

Noun

 * 1) A dish shape or deformation; a concavity.
 * 2)  The act of placing in a dish, as when presenting food to be served.

title: dishing


text:
athirst

Etymology
, past participle of, equivalent to en.

Adjective

 * 1)  Thirsty.
 * 2)  Eager or extremely desirous (for something).
 * 3) * 1913,, The Gardener, translated from the Bengali by the author, 5,
 * I am restless. I am athirst for far-away things.
 * My soul goes out in a longing to touch the skirt of the dim   distance.
 * 1) * 1913,, The Gardener, translated from the Bengali by the author, 5,
 * I am restless. I am athirst for far-away things.
 * My soul goes out in a longing to touch the skirt of the dim   distance.
 * I am restless. I am athirst for far-away things.
 * My soul goes out in a longing to touch the skirt of the dim   distance.

title: athirst


text:
atilt

Adjective

 * 1) At an angle from the vertical or horizontal.
 * 2) * 1954,, Journal entry in Gordon Ball (ed.), Journals, New York: Grove, 1977, p.70,
 * Pink bedroom lamp, shade atilt over Uncle Abe’s ancient clean radio,
 * 1) * 1954,, Journal entry in Gordon Ball (ed.), Journals, New York: Grove, 1977, p.70,
 * Pink bedroom lamp, shade atilt over Uncle Abe’s ancient clean radio,
 * Pink bedroom lamp, shade atilt over Uncle Abe’s ancient clean radio,

Adverb

 * 1) At an angle from the vertical or horizontal; at the point of falling over.
 * 2) Tilting or as if tilting (charging with a lance, like a knight on horseback in a joust).
 * 3) * 1895, F. F. Montrésor, Into the Highways and Hedges, New York: Appleton, Part2, Chapter9, p.235,
 * Other people may ride atilt against all the problems one bruises head and heart over. Good luck go with them, and more power to their elbows!
 * 1) Tilting or as if tilting (charging with a lance, like a knight on horseback in a joust).
 * 2) * 1895, F. F. Montrésor, Into the Highways and Hedges, New York: Appleton, Part2, Chapter9, p.235,
 * Other people may ride atilt against all the problems one bruises head and heart over. Good luck go with them, and more power to their elbows!
 * 1) * 1895, F. F. Montrésor, Into the Highways and Hedges, New York: Appleton, Part2, Chapter9, p.235,
 * Other people may ride atilt against all the problems one bruises head and heart over. Good luck go with them, and more power to their elbows!
 * 1) * 1895, F. F. Montrésor, Into the Highways and Hedges, New York: Appleton, Part2, Chapter9, p.235,
 * Other people may ride atilt against all the problems one bruises head and heart over. Good luck go with them, and more power to their elbows!
 * 1) * 1895, F. F. Montrésor, Into the Highways and Hedges, New York: Appleton, Part2, Chapter9, p.235,
 * Other people may ride atilt against all the problems one bruises head and heart over. Good luck go with them, and more power to their elbows!

Preposition

 * 1) Diagonally over or across.
 * 2) * 1982, (as J. S. Borthwick), The Case of the Hook-billed Kites, New York: St. Martin’s Press, Chapter11, p.29,
 * [He] was balanced atilt a wooden chair, his legs resting on a low file cabinet.
 * 1) * 1982, (as J. S. Borthwick), The Case of the Hook-billed Kites, New York: St. Martin’s Press, Chapter11, p.29,
 * [He] was balanced atilt a wooden chair, his legs resting on a low file cabinet.

title: atilt


text:
manusear

Etymology
Formed from +  +.

Verb

 * 1) to handle

title: manusear


text:
atomize

Verb

 * 1)  To separate or reduce into atoms.
 * 2)  To make into a fine spray.
 * 3)  To fragment; to break into small pieces or concepts.
 * 4) * 1979, Gould, Stephen J., and Richard C. Lewontin. "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 205: p. 585:
 * An organism is then atomized into 'traits' and these traits are explained as structures optimally designed by natural selection for their functions.
 * 1)  To bomb with nuclear weapons.

Translations

 * Finnish: hajottaa atomeiksi
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Maori: ngotangota
 * Polish: atomizować, zatomizować
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian: разпрашвам, пулверизирам
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: muuttaa sumuksi
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Irish: adamhaigh
 * Polish: atomizować, zatomizować
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Polish: atomizować, zatomizować
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

 * Finnish: pommittaa ydinaseilla
 * French: ,

title: atomize


text:
manuseio

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) handling the touching, controlling, managing, using or care of something

title: manuseio


text:
manejo

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) handling the touching, controlling, managing, using or care of something

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) handling
 * 2) driving

title: manejo


text:
atonality

Etymology
or

Noun

 * 1)  A style of music that is written without a key.
 * 2)  A passage written without a key.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: neamhthonúlacht, atonúlacht
 * Polish:

title: atonality


text:
atrociously

Adverb

 * 1) in an atrocious manner

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: atrozmente
 * Spanish: atrozmente

title: atrociously


text:
atrociousness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being atrocious.
 * 2) * 1689,, The Loyalists Reasons for His Giving Obedience, and Swearing Allegiance, to the Present Government, Edinburgh: J. Reid, pp.34-35,
 * If there be joyned to [injustice] an other vice, if it be frequent and habitual, in a Person of perfect Age, all these Aggravations augment its Atrociousness.
 * If there be joyned to [injustice] an other vice, if it be frequent and habitual, in a Person of perfect Age, all these Aggravations augment its Atrociousness.

title: atrociousness


text:
attainability

Noun

 * 1) The state of being attainable.

title: attainability


text:
attentiveness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being attentive.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: προσοχή
 * Hebrew:
 * Latin: attentiō
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

title: attentiveness


text: Category:English plurals in -a with singular in -um or -on


text:
attitudinize

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) To cause (someone or something) to assume an attitude or pose; to pose, to posture.
 * 2) To give the appearance of, or make a show of, (something) by assuming an affected or exaggerated attitude.
 * 3) To assume an attitude or pose, especially one which is affected, exaggerated, or unnatural; to posture, to posturize; also, to excessively practise adopting attitudes or poses.
 * 4)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1) To assume an attitude or pose, especially one which is affected, exaggerated, or unnatural; to posture, to posturize; also, to excessively practise adopting attitudes or poses.
 * 2)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1) To assume an attitude or pose, especially one which is affected, exaggerated, or unnatural; to posture, to posturize; also, to excessively practise adopting attitudes or poses.
 * 2)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.
 * 1)  To create art, speak, or write in a manner which assumes affected, exaggerated, or unnatural attitudes.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German:, , ,
 * Macedonian:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: olla olevinaan ...,
 * German: in Pose werfen, , so tun als ob
 * Macedonian:
 * Romanian: face nazuri

 * Finnish: olla olevinaan ...,
 * Macedonian:

title: attitudinize


text:
attractable

Adjective

 * 1) able to be attracted

title: attractable


text:
attractant

Noun

 * 1) Anything that attracts, but especially a substance (such as a pheromone) that attracts insects or other animals

Translations

 * Polish:

title: attractant


text:
attuned

Adjective

 * 1)  Tuned to the correct pitch.
 * 2) Brought into harmony; harmonized.
 * 3) Having been changed to fit in with a particular context or to be in sync with a phenomenon.
 * 1) Having been changed to fit in with a particular context or to be in sync with a phenomenon.

Translations

 * Czech: naladěný
 * Finnish:
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: sladěný

 * Czech: naladěný
 * Finnish:
 * Swedish: anpassad efter

title: attuned


text:
massing

Noun

 * 1) A bringing together into a mass.

title: massing


text:
rhubarb rhubarb

Etymology
Chosen as a word for producing indistinct background noise because it contains no very sharp or recognizable phonemes: see.

Interjection

 * 1)  Background noise of simultaneous conversations, none of which is decipherable since the actors are repeating the word  or other words with similar attributes.
 * 2) * 1981: Tony Harrison, The Rhubarbarians I in collection Continuous: 50 sonnets from 'The School of Eloquence' . Rex Collings, London (1981)
 * Those glottals glugged like poured pop, each /rebarbative syllable, remembrancer, raise /‘mob' rhubarb-rhubarb to a tribune's speech /crossing the crackle as the hayracks blaze...
 * 1)  Speech which is undecipherable to the listener because it is in a language he or she does not understand; mumbo jumbo.
 * 2) Blah blah; etc, etc.
 * 1)  Speech which is undecipherable to the listener because it is in a language he or she does not understand; mumbo jumbo.
 * 2) Blah blah; etc, etc.
 * 1) Blah blah; etc, etc.
 * 1) Blah blah; etc, etc.
 * 1) Blah blah; etc, etc.

title: rhubarb rhubarb


text: rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb

title: rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb


text:
Protestantism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The Protestant (rather than the Roman Catholic or Orthodox) Christian faith.
 * 2) Collectively, the Protestant churches or the Protestants.
 * 3) The beliefs held by the Protestant churches.

Translations

 * Albanian: protestantizmi
 * Arabic: بُرُوتِسْتَانْتِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Basque: protestantismo
 * Belarusian: пратэстанцтва
 * Bulgarian: протестантство
 * Catalan: protestantisme
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 新教, 基督新教, 抗議宗, 抗羅宗, 反羅宗, 反對教, 誓反教, 更正教, 改新教
 * Hakka: 新教, 基督新教
 * Hokkien: 新教, 更正教, 抗議教, 基督新教
 * Mandarin:, , 抗議宗, 抗羅宗, 反羅宗, 反對教, , 更正教, 改新教
 * Czech: protestantství
 * Danish: protestantisme
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: protestantismo
 * Estonian: protestantism
 * Finnish: protestanttinen usko,
 * French:
 * Georgian: პროტესტანტიზმი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: Protastúnachas
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: протестантизм, протестанттық
 * Korean:
 * Latin: Protestantes
 * Latvian: protestantisms
 * Lithuanian: protestantizmas
 * Macedonian: протестантизам
 * Malay: Protestan
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: protestantisme
 * Ottoman Turkish: پروتستانلق, اعتقاد پروتستانی
 * Persian: پروتستانتیسم
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: протестантизам
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: protestantizmus
 * Slovene: protestantizem
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Uprotestanti
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: โปรเตสแตนต์
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: протестанти́зм
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: Protestaniaeth

 * Finnish: protestantit
 * Welsh: Protestaniaid

 * Finnish: protestanttinen usko,
 * Welsh: Protestaniaeth

title: Protestantism


text:
chastisement

Etymology
, from the verb, from

Noun

 * 1) The act of chastising; rebuke; punishment.

Translations

 * Finnish:, , ojennus,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κόλασις
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: ceartú
 * Italian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: кажњавање

title: chastisement


text:
Hannibal

Etymology
From, a rendering of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  of mostly historical use. Most notably borne by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, son of Hamilcar.

Translations

 * Arabic: حَنَّبَعْل
 * Armenian: Հաննիբալ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: Hannibal
 * Esperanto: Hanibalo
 * Faroese: Hannibal
 * French:, Hannibal
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Ἀννίβας
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: Hannibal
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A Carthaginian given name.
 * 2) The Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca.

Etymology
, from.

title: Hannibal


text:
chained

Adjective

 * 1) Bound with chains.
 * 2)  Linked in a chain.
 * 3) Wearing or adorned with a chain.

Translations

 * German: chained to something,, mit Ketten gefesselt
 * Indonesian:
 * Portuguese:

 * German:

title: chained


text:
infinitesimal analysis

Noun

 * 1)  calculus
 * 2)  a systematic employment of infinitesimals that reduces calculus to algebra; nonstandard analysis.
 * 1)  a systematic employment of infinitesimals that reduces calculus to algebra; nonstandard analysis.

title: infinitesimal analysis


text:
Impedanz

Noun

 * 1)  impedance

title: Impedanz


text:
Carson

Etymology
From a Scottish surname of meaning.

Proper noun

 * , possibly a form of Curzon.

Etymology
From.

title: Carson


text: heiresses

title: heiresses


text: mattresses

title: mattresses


text:
modsefa

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  heart, mind, character

title: modsefa


text: Category:ru:Birds

title: Category:ru:Birds


text:
dæd

Etymology
From, from , from , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) action, deed
 * 2) event, exploit

title: dæd


text:
komisch

Adjective

 * 1) comic, comical

Etymology
Early 16th century in the sense “comedic”, directly from, from. The broader sense “funny” since the 17th century under influence of. The sense “strange” was derived thence (as in ).

Adjective

 * 1) comedic, comic, pertaining to comedy
 * 2) funny, comical
 * 3)  peculiar, weird, strange, funny
 * 1) funny, comical
 * 2)  peculiar, weird, strange, funny
 * 1)  peculiar, weird, strange, funny
 * 1)  peculiar, weird, strange, funny

Adjective

 * 1) weird, strange, bizarre

title: komisch


text:
sequentially

Adverb

 * 1) In sequence, in order.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:sequentially

Translations

 * Dutch: op volgorde
 * Finnish:, vuoronperään
 * Italian: in serie, in sequenza
 * Maltese: sekwenzjalment
 * Maori: hātepe
 * Russian:

title: sequentially


text:
demend

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  judge

title: demend


text:
玫瑰

Etymology
Appears to refer to a kind of (red) jade originally, as suggested by the semantic parts of the individual characters and the explanations in .

Cognate with. Other potential cognates include and.

Noun

 * 1) hybrid roses for ornamantal and edible uses
 * 2)  rose flower
 * 3)  rose colour
 * 1)  rose colour
 * 1)  rose colour

title: 玫瑰


text:
蝴蝶

Etymology
From Middle Chinese *ɦuo dep (first syllable unstressed), from Old Chinese *ɡaː l'eːb, derived from a proto-form of *kʰleːp ~ *ɦleːp, a prefixed form of the root *lep (“butterfly”), which was also the source of.

 * 🇨🇬 and

Variants of 胡蝶 / 蝴蝶, representing different developments from the proto-form, including disyllabification, fricativisation of the voiceless initial, etc.:

There are different theories regarding the original meaning of the root *lep:
 * , represented by the phonetic element in Chinese. Related to, , 🇨🇬,  and 🇨🇬. See  for more.
 * , whence also, and 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬, and Tagalog kislap ("to sparkle").

Alternatively, proposes that 蝴蝶 is a fission reduplication of two cognate bases, the former being more likely:
 * , alluding to the flapping motion of the butterfly's wings, or
 * , from the way the butterfly holds its wings erect when not flying.

Compare 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) butterfly
 * 2)  hinge device for the pivoting of a door
 * 1)  hinge device for the pivoting of a door

Synonyms

title: 蝴蝶


text: húdié

title: húdié


text:
'kay

Alternative forms

 * ’K
 * ’K

title: 'kay


text:
herian

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to praise; honor
 * 2) * c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
 * "ang"

- Iċ herie þā wǣpnu and þone wer.

 * 1) * c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
 * "ang"

- On ōðre wīsan wē sċēawiaþ mētinge and on ōðre wīsan stafas. Ne gǣþ nā māre tō mētinge būtan þæt þū hit ġesēo and herie. Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

Synonyms

 * (much less common)

title: herian


text: ect.

title: ect.


text:
sliþe

Adjective

 * 1) formed, moulded, shaped, artificial
 * 2) graven (of idols or images), sculpted (also used substantively)
 * 3) feigned, false
 * 1) feigned, false
 * 1) feigned, false

Etymology 2
Possibly cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  fierce, cruel, terrible, severe

title: sliþe


text:
死神

Noun

 * 1) Death; Grim Reaper
 * 2)  Death
 * 3)  death

title: 死神


text:
bescufan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to shove, throw, project, thrust
 * 2) * "Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 4, verse 29
 * "ang"

- And hiġ ārīson and scūfon hine of ðǣre ceastre. And lǣddon hine ofer ðæs muntes cnæpp. Ofer þone hyra buruh ġetimbrud wæs. þ hī hyne nyðer bescūfon.

title: bescufan


text:
Template talk:ja-kanjitab

Shinjitai vs Kyujitai etc
Why is it that this template does not handle both kyūjitai and shinjitai forms in the same way that the equivalent Chinese template handles both simplified and traditional forms?

The "etc" in the subject/headline refers to the process by which characters not in the Toyo kanji are more or less systematically replaced by similar looking or sounding Toyo characters. My favourite example being old 濠洲 vs new 豪州. — hippietrail 15:37, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * There is one profound difference: in (e.g.) Mandarin, both the simplified and traditional forms are in current use; current being say the last 1/2 century. In Japanese, the kyūjitai are of historical interest (as you note, sometimes quite interesting), but are not used in ordinary Japanese since ~1947. Certainly we'd eventually like to have entries for words that can be attested before then, and the hold-overs, but that is not the majority of the entries describing the current language. (Unlike Mandarin etc.) Robert Ullmann 16:33, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * But this is not true. I find them in use all the time. 龍 is particularly common and is the second choice offered by my IME for りゅう. Also it is very recent history. Only after world war II was shinjitai put in place. War era Japanese is of great interest in the west and without good coverage of kyujitai we are doing a disservice to people in need of a dictionary to help investigate writing of this era. Any we do already have some support for kyujitai, I have included kyujitai spellings myself in the past few years. I'm merely wondering why ja-kanjitab is not one of the places that takes kyujitai into account. — hippietrail 00:03, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I knew you would whine: I tried to make it clear: YES WE WANT TO COVER KYUJITAI. This is ONLY ABOUT WHY IT ISN'T IN KANJITAB for all entries to show both. Clear yet? In Mandarin one wants to be able to switch back and forth easily because they are both current (and not-"current" in no way means "ancient", it just means an effing half an effing century!) For example, the zh.wp has variant tabs to switch back and forth. The ja.wp does not, because it would be nonsense. (w:jp:濠洲 is redirected.)

 * is set up to be helpful in showing both forms presently useful in Mandarin (et al) entries. kanjitab is set up to show the one form. (And not id'd as such, it is useful for kyūjitai entries too.) (and cf., where of course there is only one form shown.)

 * I added the form reference into the entry. 濠洲 See? (:-) Robert Ullmann 11:59, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Heh I don't want to force anyone else to work on it. I'm working on it myself and want to do it right. Sorry but I had to revert your change to 濠洲 because that's not a case of kyujitai vs shinjjitai but another spelling reform phenomenon which I mentioned in my second paragraph. — hippietrail 13:16, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Don't waste time trying to "improve" this template: if you want to show the forms use . And if your example wasn't what you were complaining about, then what were you complaining about? Or what is a proper example? There isn't anything to "fix" here. Robert Ullmann 12:00, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for being opinionated and stubborn and telling people what to do. Don't waste your time "helping" next time. JUST POINT TO THE OTHER TEMPLATE. Now I have to wonder when on earth simplified Chinese became a "ja-form" but that's a question for another talk page. — hippietrail 15:30, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I didn't realize that you were completely unaware of the other, which is part of the reason I couldn't figure out what you were complaining about. It is odd that which shows all the forms is documented in WT:AC and not in WT:AJ, but then most of the uses are for the individual characters. Sorry. Robert Ullmann 16:05, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I coudn't figure out why you seemed to be being mean when I was trying to be friendly. — hippietrail 01:36, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Redirect
Since this is a Japanese template, wouldn't it make sense to automatically redirect to the Japanese section of each entry, similar to the way Template:term works? --Hikui87 20:26, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

Links to Translingual
Most of our kanji are definitionless pages, instead having a def in the Translingual section. However, kanjitab specifies #Japanese, so generally a mouseover with popups over this template is completely unhelpful. What do you think about changing the link so that it doesn't specify any section? --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 12:42, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

Automatic detection
It is possible to automatically detect the characters with Lua probably without subtle difference in speed. It would be particularly useful when the user is auto-creating entries with a client-side code, e.g. a JavaScript tool, which affects the speed. --Z 06:23, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

changes to kanjitab etc
in no particular order, apologies if I left anyone out: some features I wrote into this template's module (Module:ja-kanjitab) may not have been brilliant ideas in the end, so feel free to remove or revise any of them. I won't be offended. I put a lot of thought into all of the changes I made but hindsight is clearer than foresight or nowsight or whatever. I did the grade 1,2../hyogaiji/jinmeiyo labels in imitation of other Japanese dictionaries that have little crosses or triangles next to the non-joyo kanji. Maybe it should be revised to look more like that. In the same vein, feel free to revise or remove any of the other code I've written. That's already the rule of wikis anyway, but I'm saying that on a personal level I won't be offended or upset. Haplogy (話) 01:55, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

Sokuon parameter and category?
Could we create a parameter and category for sokuoned words that are similar to those for rendaku words? Any questions? --Lo Ximiendo (talk) 05:01, 30 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I support the creation of a category but I think that inclusions should be determined automatically. Nibiko (talk) 05:38, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

Okurigana
There is unaddressed confusion regarding the okurigana parameter: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Talk:%E5%B0%96%E9%BC%A0#kanjitab_readings Nibiko (talk) 03:32, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I guess that one benefit of this could be generating the correct sort key, but this wouldn't apply to terms that have non-okurigana kana. Nibiko (talk) 04:54, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Feature request: jukujikun readings
Something has been bothering me for a long time now, and it's the lack of ability to mark jukujikun, which are kun'yomi that are applied to multiple characters. See how the jukujikun are marked here in this entry in this dictionary: http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89 The current workaround that is generally being used is leaving the readings blank e.g. at 大和言葉. I think that we should at least mark them, instead of leaving them blank. As far as ideas go, one idea that I had was that a flag like "-" could be accepted as a mark that until a non-"-" argument is provided, all the kanji are a part of a jukujikun reading. Nibiko (talk) 16:22, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I recall . Nibiko (talk) 15:09, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Rendaku
I have seen r=y used in many words, but it's not described in the documentation. --Zalmoksis (talk) 14:35, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
 * It's explained just before the "Categorization" header. With the current state of the category including terms with ancestral rendaku and no instruction being given for discrimination hereupon, it might as well be determined just from the current data fed into ja-kanjitab, but restricting it to terms with rendaku in the immediate etymology would require a breakdown of the immediate etymology. Nibiko (talk) 04:12, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

Kanjitab and listing words by kanji characters
I edited the kanjitab for 奪う according to the guidelines and now the word disappeared form the Category:Japanese terms spelled with 奪. Is it an error or have I missed some crucial point? Zalmoksis (talk) 21:23, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

 * -- The character adds kanji with Jōyō readings to characters like Category:Japanese terms spelled with 奪 read as うば.  Once created with the proper templates (I've just done so), that category page in turn adds the contained entries to more generic categories, such as Category:Japanese terms spelled with 奪.
 * HTH, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:29, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for help. However, I still seem to be missing some important knowledge: I saw the category page: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙, so I created the page Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙 read as もう using the appropriate template. But although all the entries seem to have correct ja-kanjitab templates they still appear on the main page instead of the newly created page with particular pronunciation. Zalmoksis (talk) 14:45, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * -- Aha, I think I see what you're running into. A given kanji will only be added to a category like Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙 read as もう if that reading is a Jōyō ("standard-use") reading.  If it is a Hyōgai ("off-the-chart") reading (i.e. not a reading included in the table of readings used in the standard Japanese curriculum), the  template will not add the character to that category.
 * To check the categorization for a given kanji-spelled entry, have a look a the bottom of the page. On the  page, for instance, there is no listing for Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙 read as もう, since the mō reading is a Hyōgai reading.  On the  page, by contrast, there is a listing for Category:Japanese terms spelled with 奪 read as うば, since the uba- reading is part of the Jōyō standard.  Kanji terms with Hyōgai readings are instead added to categories like Category:Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading もう, as at the  page.
 * Ultimately, since the mō reading for is Hyōgai, the Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙 read as もう page will never list anything, under our current implementation.
 * If you'd like to propose that Hyōgai readings are also considered for purposes of categorization, I'd suggest bringing up the topic at WT:BP, and pinging at least Wyang, as I think he's been the most involved in creating the data module framework used by these templates. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:46, 2 November 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure it works exactly as you say. The following kanji is entirely hyōgai: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 姦, so it has not a single jōyō reading, but it has the reading subcategory working correctly. Isn't it rather, say, the fact the reading もう of 蒙 is kan’yōon that prevents from inclusion? Zalmoksis (talk) 20:58, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Walking through the code a bit, I found the relevant section. Have a look at Module:ja-kanjitab, and search the page for 姦 -- the basic flow is to only apply categories like Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蒙 read as もう for Jōyō, but for some reason, there's a list of exceptions to apply such categories to specific Hyōgai characters, and 姦 is one of them.  It looks like  and  have worked on it most recently.  Perhaps they can help elucidate what's going on?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:46, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * The list of hyougaiji for which "read as" categories will be added was started in by . I don't know the rationale for it. — Eru·tuon 22:59, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * ^ this. —suzukaze (t・c) 04:55, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm curious, what reasons are there for not categorizing by reading for hyōgaiji? ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:13, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

Categorization mistakes caused by hyphens to show presence / lack of okurigana
I just noticed at that the template is incorrectly categorizing into Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading うめ-. Meanwhile, the expected Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading うめ (without the hyphen) doesn't exist, and doesn't have anything in it. Similarly, is incorrectly added to Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading ひかり-, which sits alongside the orthogonal older and correctly named Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading ひかり.

Could someone have a look at this and fix things? The general expectation is that the category name should not include hyphens if the reading is for a single kanji without okurigana, like or, etc.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 00:16, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

 * That is the work of ja-readings, not ja-kanjitab. —suzukaze (t・c) 03:55, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Derp. Thank you.  Moving.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:30, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

original reading of いっ
Is there any way to know if an was いち or いつ before sound change? --Dine2016 (talk) 03:32, 25 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Not that I'm aware of. @Shinji, are you aware of any such means?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 04:38, 25 February 2018 (UTC)
 * : I’d say it is always いち, because いつ is a reading used almost exclusively at the end of a word. The only exception is and I have confirmed that it is the only word on [//dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/jn/%E4%B8%80/m0p120u/ Daijisen] that begins with 一 as いつ. The rest are いち or いっ.
 * There are several kanji whose kan'on is not used at the beginning of a word. 日 is always にち and 力 is always りき at the beginning of a word. (There may be exceptions though.) — T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 05:06, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

kanji reading
I think kanji readings should be full morphemes, not just the part before the “okurigana point.” For example, should be categorized as Category:Japanese terms spelled with 再 read as ふたたび, not just Category:Japanese terms spelled with 再 read as ふたた, in consistency with the official jōyō kanji list. --Dine2016 (talk) 10:41, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I can agree. One consideration is that The Jōyō list targets JA speakers / readers, i.e. people who are assumed to already understand what okurigana are and how they work.  Meanwhile, our target audience is English speakers / readers, who cannot be safely assumed to have any such knowledge.
 * Another consideration is that the proposed approach gets super complicated with inflecting terms. It sounds like this would imply that 見 would be under Category:Japanese terms spelled with 見 read as みる.  What about conjugated forms?  What about 見える?  Similarly, this would imply that 良 would be under Category:Japanese terms spelled with 良 read as いい  What about inflected forms like 良く?  What about alternative "dictionary form" よい?
 * I think the motivation underlying the current system was to clarify what portion of the reading is "included" in the kanji, and what portion is explicitly spelled out in kana. In modern texts, 再び always has the び explicitly spelled out, and as such, the 再 kanji itself only covers the ふたた portion of the reading.  If we state that 再 is read as ふたたび, that sensibly gives rise to the question of, what is the extra び for when the term is written out as 再び?  Given that our readership has no presupplied familiarity with okurigana conventions, the proposed approach entails the risk that we wind up misinforming our users.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:57, 13 August 2018 (UTC)
 * 再 is used to write the ふたた portion of ふたたび, but it is never "read" as ふたた, because that "form" cannot standalone without being followed by び. It is as nonsensical as saying that "1" is read as "fir" without giving context information. As a compromise, what about Category:Japanese terms spelled with 再 read as ふたた(び) or Category:Japanese terms spelled with 再 read as ふたた-び? This approach is not perfect because there are terms such as, whose okurigana usage is unstable—the ideal way is still to not mark the furigana-okurigana boundary at all—but this approach is much better than omitting okurigana completely.
 * As for inflection, note that 見える is lexicalized so it is a distinct word from 見る, just like 割れる vs 割る. So 見 is read as み(える) in 見える. 良く can be considered as having two readings よい and いい, the first fully inflectible and the second only found in 終止形 and 連体形, so any inflection is from よい and 良 read as よ(い), except when the term's reading explicitly have いい. The real difficulty comes from distinguishing verb 連用形 from derived noun or adjective 連用形 from derived adverb. For example, is the 話し in 話し方, 話し声, etc. a verb 連用形 or a noun? If the former, the 話 is read as はな(す); if the latter, it is read as はな(し). But it is never はな without context.
 * If we were to clarify what portion of the reading is "included" in the kanji, and what portion is explicitly spelled out in kana, then we should follow the approach of furigana.info and eliminate the k n and o n parameters of, saying for example the reading of 放 is はな in 放し but ばな in 手放し. If we say that 放 is read as はな in 手放し, the reader will be as confused as if we said 再 is read ふたたび in 再び. --Dine2016 (talk) 06:10, 10 December 2019 (UTC)
 * On a second thought, I think including okurigana may be problematic. English "-ly" is productive, so "1" in "1stly" is still read as "first". But える (from classical ゆ) is not productive, so 見 in 見える is read as み(える). This is arbitrary and likely to confuse users without knowledge of morphology. What about Category:Japanese terms spelled with 再 covering ふたた? --Dine2016 (talk) 06:24, 10 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for considering these issues. This is a somewhat thorny problem space.  :)
 * I was first leaning towards -, to match what we put into .  However, as you note, okurigana are 1) somewhat unsettled for some words, and 2) not truly germane, as with - .  For #1, it might make the most sense from a usability perspective to include both things like  and , where both (or more?) permutations are common enough for readers to encounter.
 * Must crash, so that's all from me for now. :)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 09:07, 10 December 2019 (UTC)

yutōyomi vs k,o

 * Discussion moved from Template talk:ja-pron

Hi. I noticed that you are using  in edits like. This causes the kanjitab to look differently from pages using  (like ): the former generates two tabs “kun’yomi” and “on’yomi”, while the latter generates a single tab “yutōyomi” spanning two columns.

Is such an effect desirable? If not, I see two ways to solve it:
 * Settle on a single editorial style: use either  or , but not both.
 * Make the module generate consistent output (either “kun’yomi + on’yomi” or “yutōyomi”) regardless of the input style.

(I once attempted to keep some morphological information in the yomi codes, such as giving the reading , reflecting the structure of the term as yamato + kotoba rather than yamato + koto + (ha >) ba. But I now doubt it, and think  should get just  , because things become much simpler if kanjitab deals only with written forms and kanji, and because it can be sometimes misleading to deduce morphological information from the kanji spelling (e.g. ateji usages like  and ).)

--Dine2016 (talk) 02:50, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

 * @Dine2016 -- You're right to bring up, I think I got to that one during a spate of surname and given-name edits, and with the wild variance in name readings, my head was firmly in the new  mode.  I just changed that to yutōyomi for the time being.  However, now that you call my attention to it, I'm on the fence as to which is better -- using yutō and jūbako, or breaking things down to explicit on and kun.  , any others, do you have opinions on this?
 * Incidentally, for bigger compounds like at the entry itself, I noticed that   errors out.  But then perhaps it's better anyway to explicitly show kun and on.
 * Your idea of  for  sounds like a good one, FWIW.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 16:24, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

Some other questions: should be categorized as a kun'yomi term? Should be categorized as a jūbakoyomi term? I prefer to use “written forms” rather than “terms” in the category names. “Terms” should be categorized according to 語種, not 読み. --Dine2016 (talk) 01:17, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Re: and other compounds with katakana, probably not.
 * Re: and other phrases, these shouldn't have any entry-wide yomi category at all (though the component parts should have the proper yomi applied in, now that that is possible).
 * Re: terms vs. written forms, I have no strong opinions. Your point seems like a good one, so let's go with that.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 06:07, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

float: right / clear: right / floatright
There are a few edits over the last few months switching from an inline style  to the class , and back: 1, 2, 3, 4.

The current state is "float: right", without the class "floatright". This produces wrong-looking results for me on pages where I've noticed it. For example: There's a  box there, and the kanjitab box gets stuck to the left of the wikipedia box -- with no margin to separate the boxes, plus with a bit of vertical offset that makes it look misaligned.

A more natural layout would be to put the kanjitab box *below* the wikipedia box, aligned to the right of the page in the same way. The CSS way to specify that is to set. And indeed, if you set that on this box, in e.g. a browser's dev tools, the layout on that page becomes quite reasonable:

(Screenshots from Firefox. Chrome also produces the same results.)

And... setting the attribute  in addition to   is exactly what the class   does. So from examples like this one, the thing I'd sure be inclined to do is to switch to the class.

But that's exactly what did, a couple of times; and they reverted that change themselves once, and later  reverted it with the comment '"floatright" class behaves differently and is screwing up the layout of lots of pages; reverting to "float:right;"'. So I'd like to understand what *those* issues were (in particular, which pages were being screwed up?), so we can try to find a solution that works well for both kinds of pages. -Gnp (talk) 07:23, 29 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I just discovered the handy  template (and the underlying feature). So, please see above! -Gnp (talk) 07:35, 29 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for bringing up this issue. Please see Module talk:ja-kanjitab. I think the boxes should normally be stacked vertically, too. --Dine2016 (talk) 10:54, 29 April 2019 (UTC)

Auto-categorizing as yutōyomi or jūbakoyomi, even without those specified -- not always desirable
Pinging :

I noticed over at that the page is added to Category:Japanese_terms_read_with_jūbakoyomi. I don't think this is correct. My understanding of 重箱読み, and 湯桶読み as well, is that these terms are used to describe the readings of two-character compounds that have no okurigana, in line with their eponymous terms, and. Since, and main verb , have okurigana, neither should be classed as jūbakoyomi or yutōyomi. I edited the parameters at  to specifically avoid    and, and was dismayed to find that the Category:Japanese_terms_read_with_jūbakoyomi listing was still there at the bottom of the page.

I can see use cases for being able to specify on / kun per character, but also for being able to specify separately if a given compound is jūbako / yutō (assuming that the template can't be coded to automatically discern if there are any okurigana). Perhaps we need a reworking of the parameters? ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:46, 28 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I've Module:ja-kanjitab so that it only automatically adds the jūbakoyomi or yutōyomi category if the title consists of two characters (code points). — Eru·tuon 00:21, 29 August 2019 (UTC)

Spacing issue on entries with only one etymology

, see.

When is put above the Etymology heading, sometimes the Pronunciation section (if there is one) might create a big space between that and the part of speech heading. Any thoughts? ～ POKéTalker（═◉═） 00:46, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not seeing a big space anywhere in that vicinity. Maybe it's browser-specific. (I'm using Firefox.) Could you post a screenshot? — Eru·tuon 02:18, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * uploaded the issue. Will consider switching to Firefox eventually... ～ POKéTalker（═◉═） 07:43, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I con confirm the bad layout in both IE and Edge, but not in Chrome or Firefox. I think this may be a matter of Microsoft's non-support of modern web standards.
 * (Incidentally, @POKéTalker, I think the spelling all in kanji is more common, and should probably be the lemma.  Compare hit counts for  (206K),  (62K),  (5.8K),  (288).  Lower numbers, but roughly similar proportions, for hit counts on Google Books as well.)  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:38, 30 August 2019 (UTC)

Idea about consolidating spelling-related data
, anyone else interested:

The updates to this template to include alternative spellings has worked out quite well, I think.

 * 1) I wonder if this template should also be updated to include the historical kyūjitai spellings?  For entries with multiple POS sections, we currently have to duplicate the   param and data in each POS template call, which is awkward and inefficient.
 * 2) I wonder too if the historical kana spellings should go here as well?  These currently must also be duplicated in each POS template call.

Curious about your thoughts. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:07, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm glad you asked. The headword templates are definitely not suitable for placing kyūjitai, and is a better place for them. However, I'm not sure whether historical kana spellings should be placed in  or in the pronunciation section. If we place them in, then the primary function of  becomes to show alternative spellings of the term, not to show the kanji in the current spelling, and  does a better job.
 * As for kyūjitai: First, a term may have several kyūjitai forms. For example, the kyūjitai of can be either  or, but they are still considered as one entry. Second, a character can have several kyūjitai forms. For example, the kyūjitai of  is usually held to be , but its variant form  is also seen in pre-WWII publications. Third, spellings may have varying degrees of "kyū"-ness. For example, the term for "lantern" can be either , ,  or . It's hard to say which is shinjitai and which is kyūjitai depending on which shinjitai standard you're referring to. Finally, the character set you're using may affect how "kyū" you're going. For example, within the JIS X standards the kyūjitai of  is , but Unicode allows you to type  which is closer to pre-WWII 印刷字体. You can even get more by using , though it's not supported on every browser (and we may have to use images as a fallback). Given these issues, I think properly supporting kyūjitai may be a lot of work, and must be carried out by people more knowledgeable than I (such as Suzukaze-c). --Dine2016 (talk) 16:09, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * By the way, since you have realized that duplicating data in each POS template call is awkward and inefficient, what about removing alternative scripts completely, like this?

Affix

 * 1) to separate
 * 2) faction; group; clique; wing; school
 * 3) to dispatch; to deploy

Noun

 * 1) faction; group; clique; wing; school
 * This format would be more orthogonal, though it would be more logical to subordinate POS to senses for one-kanji kango:

Definitions

 * 1) to separate
 * 2) faction; group; clique; wing; school
 * 3) to dispatch; to deploy
 * --Dine2016 (talk) 14:13, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean by "removing alternative scripts completely". I'm intrigued, but confused.
 * Your example on the bottom strikes me as potentially problematic. Certain senses are specific to the affix sense and are not shared by the noun sense.  This also obscures usage -- a noun is usable as a standalone word with particles following, whereas an affix is only usable as part of a larger compound word.  If we only use a "Definitions" header, we lose that important information, and users might be misled into thinking that this word could be used as a verb, or as a noun with a gerund-like meaning relating to the verbal sense lines.  Japanese is not as flexible in that regard, as compared to Chinese.
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:13, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * By "removing alternative scripts completely" I meant moving the reading to the pronunciation section.
 * As for the second question, POS information is shown by labels to the right of the definitions. This results in a cleaner format both for the editor and for the reader. It also eases maintenance. Suppose an editor finds out that the “faction; group; clique; wing; school” sense can also be a suffix. With the current format, they would need to add the following at best:
 * As for the second question, POS information is shown by labels to the right of the definitions. This results in a cleaner format both for the editor and for the reader. It also eases maintenance. Suppose an editor finds out that the “faction; group; clique; wing; school” sense can also be a suffix. With the current format, they would need to add the following at best:

Suffix

 * 1) faction; group; clique; wing; school
 * With the format I propose, they only need to add a "suffix" to the POS label.
 * (Using as the name of the new label template was a mistake because that name was already used.) --Dine2016 (talk) 02:01, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I think I understand better what you're thinking. Gaining approval from other editors may be difficult; resistance to the major shift in Chinese entry structure away from POS headings was partly alleviated by the clear and understandable argument that Chinese doesn't really have POSes, not like in other languages -- any given word could be used umpteen different ways, depending on context, so POS headings are effectively arbitrary.  Not so for Japanese, however.
 * Query: How do you propose to order senses in this new format? By frequency?  How would that be measured?  Current practice is sense-agnostic, and simply alphabetizes the order of sections based on POS heading.
 * Suggestion: Put the POS labels in front. This is consistent with other labeling that goes at the front of the line, and it conforms to similar formatting in other dictionaries I've seen that put POS info inline.  When doing so, it would probably make sense to format the POS labels in some way that is distinct from the  labels, perhaps by using bold and linking through to the relevant entry in Appendix:Glossary, or to the relevant main term entry if that term is missing from the Glossary.
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:19, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * "Not so for Japanese, however." No for Japanese in general. But one-kanji kango have more flexible POS. For example, consider one-kanji kango that can be used as a noun, such as and . The noun senses are usually a subset of the affix senses. If we divide the senses by POS, we will have to duplicate some of the senses (“yen; circle” and “yang; open/overt/visible space”) under both Noun and Affix. If we instead use the Definitions header and give POS information as labels, we can reduce repetition. --Dine2016 (talk) 04:20, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Re: "By "removing alternative scripts completely" I meant moving the reading to the pronunciation section." --
 * Hmm. Non-duplication is good, and I definitely like the way that simplifies the entry.  But historical kana spellings are not part of pronunciation, and haven't been for a very long time, given the roughly Heian-era ハ行転呼 shift and other sound shifts through history.
 * For Japanese in particular, given the interestingly wide gap between spoken and written forms, we almost need a  section.    is about how to say it, so   would be about how to write it.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 21:51, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Another solution, which can be found on my user page, is to treat spellings and pronunciation separately. See the ":)" box on my user page for an example. --Dine2016 (talk) 04:20, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I like that  example very much.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 19:15, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Sense-specific alts?

 * I ran into a difficulty in correlating and .  The etym for ノット is just 🇨🇬, but the kanji spellings are only alts for the speed-related sense.  Any advice on how to proceed?  Splitting out the etym at ノット is one option, one for the nautical speed sense and one for the knot in a string sense, but we generally don't list separate etyms for separate senses when the etymon is the same thing.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:43, 2 December 2019 (UTC)
 * You using .  I've never seen  used to link to the same entry it's used on.  The template documentation is a bit minimal, but I'd always understood it as intended for use in soft-redirects.  "Redirecting" from  to  never would have occurred to me.
 * I don't suppose you might have a less-confusing approach? ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 04:32, 3 December 2019 (UTC)
 * is no longer used for soft-redirection. It is now used to provide an alternative list of kanji spellings if it is different from the word-level kanji spelling list in the alt parameter of , as exhibited at 貴方.
 * As for why ノット must be included in this case, the answer is that sense 2 would have no  if we don't include ノット. By default, no means "this sense has no spelling requirements so all spellings apply to it", rather than "this sense cannot be spelled in kanji". So I added ノット temporarily. Eventually we should have some way to mark a spelling as kana-only (either with something like ja-uk, or with a zero-argument ).
 * Again, pushing for changes to the Japanese entry layout is slow, so I suggest moving to EDICT :) They have a working solution to restrict spellings to senses --Dine2016 (talk) 06:22, 3 December 2019 (UTC)

I made ignore definitions containing the comment. See this and the correctly-working. But I wonder if this annotation should be available to the user as well as. --Dine2016 (talk) 04:52, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

Improved presentation of kun readings and okurigana?
In its current form, most entries for terms with okurigana have kanjitabs which pretend the okurigana don't exist. For exammple: 来る has which also adds the page to the category "Japanese terms spelled with 来 read as く". This presentation and categorization is technically incorrect. Okurigana are part of the reading, and are not superfluous. If a user goes to looking for a reading of く they won't find it, because it isn't there, because く is not a reading of 来, く-る is.

The documentation for kanjitab is of no help on this matter. None of the examples show how terms with okurigana should be represented, there's only a reference to their omission and the use of the sort key.

— 173.71.89.57 22:19, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

 * The kanjitab presentation is intended to indicate how the kanji portion is read. By definition and intent, this does not include okurigana.
 * We understand that okurigana are not superfluous to understanding the terms. However, for purposes of reading, we seek to clarify which morae are included in the kanji itself, as shown in the kanjitab and the categories, and which must be spelled out separately as okurigana, as shown in the entries themselves.
 * In your example, if a user goes to 来, they will see the list of readings there at the top of the entry, which includes く for the kanji portion:

 ( ku ru,, Jōyō )
 * This links through to the kana entry at くる, the kanji + okurigana entry at 来る, and clearly shows the kanji and okurigana. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 21:58, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Bug in appendices
The kyujitai altspelling box such as in one appendix entry here gives out the whole page name rather than the kanji compound. Anyone willing to fix this? ～ POKéTalker（═◉═） 06:31, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

Removing jūbakoyomi and yutōyomi as inputs
I'd like to remove these from the list of yomi types that can be specified, for a couple of reasons: Pinging @Eirikr @Lattermint @Fishbowl @Poketalker Theknightwho (talk) 09:11, 3 July 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) They discourage people from being more specific about which kind of on'yomi it is: e.g. goon/kun or kun/kan'on are both more specific, and at worst people would enter on/kun or kun/on, which is no worse.
 * 2) I don't think they're necessary most of the time, as it's possible to determine these based on the inputs: if it's a two-kanji term, it's just a matter of checking whether it fits either pattern, and this process is already automated when a term contains exactly two kanji anyway. I appreciate that automation might not be fully possible, since some terms with two kanji + kana may qualify, while others won't (e.g. when part of a larger compound), so we may want to have a manual flag for those situations; maybe =pattern=? However, it shouldn't be needed most of the time (and indeed most terms in Category:Japanese terms read with jūbakoyomi and Category:Japanese terms read with yutōyomi have been put there by automatic determination already).

 * Agreed that jūbako / yutō are not needed as inputs, and that we should remove these as options. I've also had to fix instances where other editors have entered these mistakenly, such as for words with more than two kanji.
 * Categorization already works automatically, as you've noted.
 * I don't see any negatives from removing these as input options, and doing so would indeed encourage editors to be more specific with the reading types. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 18:04, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:ja-kanjitab


text:
macushla

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  My darling, my dear.

title: macushla


text:
Gaulish

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Doublet of Welsh.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Gaul.
 * 2) Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.

Translations

 * Breton:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Coptic: ⲅⲁⲗⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ
 * Corsican: gallicu
 * Czech:
 * Danish: gallisk
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: Gallach
 * Italian:
 * Marathi: गॉलिश
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gallisk
 * Nynorsk: gallisk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: galler-,
 * Tagalog: Galo
 * Ukrainian: га́льський
 * Welsh: Galaidd

Proper noun

 * 1) The Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul, long extinct.

Coordinate terms
Lost : Celtiberian, Cumbric, Galatian, Lepontic, Noric, Pictish

Translations

 * Breton:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: gallisk
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: Gaillis
 * Italian:
 * Marathi: गॉलिश
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: gallisk
 * Nynorsk: gallisk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: га́лльский (язы́к)
 * Scots: Gauls
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Galo
 * Turkish: Galyaca
 * Ukrainian: гальська (мова)
 * Welsh: Galeg

title: Gaulish


text:
superhuman

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) Beyond what is possible for a human being.

Antonyms

 * infrahuman

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Belarusian: надчалавечы
 * Bengali: অতিমানবীয়
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: nadlidský
 * Danish: overmenneskelig
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: superhoma
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ზეადამიანური
 * German: übermenschlich
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: δαιμόνιος
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: ofurmannlegur
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, 超人的, 神ってる
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: натчовечки
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, super-humano
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: os-daonna
 * Spanish: sobrehumano
 * Swahili: -a binadamu wa ajabu
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: เหนือมนุษย์
 * Ukrainian: надлю́дськи́й

Noun

 * 1) A human with remarkable abilities or superpowers.

title: superhuman