text:
weinig

Etymology
From, , from , , from.

Determiner

 * 1) little, few, not much, not many

Pronoun

 * 1) little, not much, not a lot

Adverb

 * 1) little, not much
 * 2) not often

title: weinig


text:
monkey flip

Noun

 * 1)  A move in which a wrestler takes his opponent and flips that person over his head.

Verb

 * 1)  To perform a monkey flip on.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: monkey flip


text: Category:Occupations

title: Category:Occupations


text:
Talk:muriatic acid

Muriatic Acid is a term that is still frequently seen in the pool cleaning industry, though most people would use the term HyrdoChloric Acid instead. But, since it is still "used" in writing, is it really obsolete ?--Richardb 21:26, 24 February 2006 (UTC) In my experience, muriatic acid is used in the building industry for cleaning, particularly for cleaning excess grout or mortar from tiles or bricks. It may be used for pool cleaning, but because of the iron content, not so much for electro-chlorination. --Skelta.

title: Talk:muriatic acid


text:
Tinker

Proper noun

 * 1)  for someone who mends pots and pans.

title: Tinker


text:
epistemological

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study.

Usage notes
Many philosophers consider the standard sense of epistemological to be “of or pertaining to epistemology” and reserve the term  for the sense “of or relating to cognition or knowledge, its scope, or how it is acquired”.

Translations

 * Catalan: epistemològic
 * Danish: epistemologisk, erkendelsesteori
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: tietoteoreettinen
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:, erkenntnistheoretisch
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: epistemoloģisks
 * Macedonian: епистемолошки
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: epistemologisk
 * Nynorsk: epistemologisk
 * Occitan: epistemologic
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: епистемо̀лошкӣ
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: epistemologisk, kunskapsteoretisk
 * Yiddish: עפּיסטעמאָלאָגיש

title: epistemological


text:
mindless

Etymology
From, , , , from , , equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1)  Showing a lack of forethought or sense.
 * 2) Having no sensible meaning or purpose.
 * An act of mindless violence.
 * 1) Heedless.
 * 2)  Overly repetitive and unchallenging.
 * 3) Lacking a mind.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * 1) Heedless.
 * 2)  Overly repetitive and unchallenging.
 * 3) Lacking a mind.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * 1) Lacking a mind.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * 1) Lacking a mind.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.
 * Atheism alleges that mindless scientific forces control the universe.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Georgian: უჭკუო, უტვინო, უგუნური
 * German:
 * Polish: bezrozumny
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Georgian: უაზრო
 * Russian: ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Russian:, ,

 * Russian:, не име́ющий ра́зума, не облада́ющий ра́зумом

 * Turkish:

title: mindless


text:
چادر

Noun

 * 1) tent
 * 2) chador

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) tent

Etymology
Attested in Turkic from the, from , from (modern 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) tent, a portable lodge made of skin or canvas used for sheltering people
 * 2) balloon, an object designed to transport people through the air
 * 3) chador, a loose robe that envelopes the whole person, worn by Muslim women
 * 1) chador, a loose robe that envelopes the whole person, worn by Muslim women

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) tent
 * 2) chador a large single piece of cloth worn as a covering over the clothing
 * 3)  scarf, cloth
 * 4) awning
 * 1) awning

Usage notes
In Eastern varieties of Persian, the definition of is much broader and includes loose scarves. However, referring to loose scarves as would be inappropriate in Iranian Persian.

Descendants
Some of these may descend from the Middle Persian ancestor. In particular, the word is recorded in an of Turkic languages.

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) chador
 * 2) covering
 * 3) bedspread
 * 4) bed sheet

Noun

 * 1)  tent
 * 2)  chador (a large single piece of cloth worn as a covering over the clothing)

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) covering
 * 2) bedspread
 * 3) bed sheet
 * 4) chador

title: چادر


text:
чадор

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) umbrella

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  tent

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  chador

title: чадор


text:
tinker, tailor

Noun

 * 1)  A method of choosing between two or more people or things, used by children. The child points to each item in turn (or alternately), while saying the rhyme "tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor, rich man, poor man, beggar-man, thief", moving to the next item after naming each profession. The item pointed at on the word 'thief' is the one chosen.

title: tinker, tailor


text:
čador

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tent

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  chador

title: čador


text:
USAC

Proper noun

 * , the National Governing Body (NGB) for cycling in the United States
 * , a sanctioning body for automobile motorsports in the United States of America

title: USAC


text:
counting-out game

Noun

 * 1)  A simple children's game using a rhyme (the counting rhyme) to select a person from a group, more or less at random. The selected person then takes a particular role in another game that follows.

Translations

 * Finnish: valintaloru
 * French:
 * Hungarian: kiszámoló(s) (mondóka/versike)
 * Swedish:

title: counting-out game


text:
archaeon

Etymology
Scientific Latin, corresponding to a singular form of.

Noun

 * 1) A prokaryotic organism; a member of the domain

Synonyms

 * (obsolete)

Translations

 * Arabic: بَكْتِيرْيَا قَدِيمَة
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 古菌
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: arĥeo, arkeo
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Icelandic: fornbaktería
 * Italian: archei
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: archaeon
 * Portuguese: arqueobactéria,
 * Quechua: ñawpa añaki
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: cổ khuẩn, vi khuẩn cổ

Noun

 * 1) archaeon

title: archaeon


text:
چتر

Noun

 * 1) umbrella

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) umbrella, parasol

title: چتر


text:
archeo-

Prefix

 * 1) archaeo-,

Etymology
From.

title: archeo-


text:
çadër

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) umbrella
 * 2) tent
 * 1) tent

title: çadër


text:
ombrellë

Noun

 * 1) umbrella

title: ombrellë


text:
Irani

Etymology
From (ērānī in classical Persian).

Adjective

 * 1)  relative to Iran and its people

Noun

 * 1)  a person from Iran or of Iranian heritage
 * 2) A member of the smaller of the two Zoroastrian communities of the Indian subcontinent.

title: Irani


text:
Саша

Etymology
or +

Etymology
.

title: Саша


text:
Saša

Etymology
.

title: Saša


text: urbanise

title: urbanise


text:
vasco

Adjective

 * 1) Basque

Noun

 * 1) a Basque person

Etymology
Singular of

Noun

 * 1) Vascon

Etymology
, via the nominative. .

Adjective

 * 1) Basque

Noun

 * 1) a Basque person

Noun

 * 1) Basque

title: vasco


text: capitalise

title: capitalise


text: burglarise

title: burglarise


text: creolise

title: creolise


text: gallicise

title: gallicise


text: Zurigo

title: Zurigo


text: milk-tooth

title: milk-tooth


text:
Talk:櫱

it!s wrong it's meaning(yeast) is 糵(kouji)、not　櫱(hikobae).

tcwtp498@ybb.ne.jp

title: Talk:櫱


text:
Sammi

Etymology
Fanciful respelling of.

Proper noun

 * 1) A female given name, diminutive of Samantha.

title: Sammi


text:
dictio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a saying, speaking, speech, talk, oratory

title: dictio


text:
bergshrund

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A large crack or crevasse in a glacier where the glacier is pulling away from the mountain.
 * The snow was extremely hard and there was a well defined path all the way up to the bergshrund.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Hungarian: gleccserrés
 * Russian: бергшрунд

title: bergshrund


text:
atolar

Etymology
From, , from , , from (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to make ditches in a terrain
 * 2)  to bog down
 * 3)  to get stuck, to bog down

Etymology
From, from ; a borrowing, from , , from.

Related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to bog down

title: atolar


text:
Appendix talk:Cockney rhyming slang

cockney rhyming slang
O One rhyme not shown is "Darby Kelly" = belly. [email address removed]

Direct rhymes
Cockney Rhyming Slang (CRS) is, by definition, indirect. That is, the target word is replaced by a short phrase containing two significant words, one of which (usually the second) rhymes with the target. If the phrase is abbreviated, it is the rhyming word that is dropped.

Some example in the list were direct rhymes:
 * coco, cocoa — direct rhyme with "say so", as in "I should coco"
 * joanna — piano (rhymes in Cockney!)
 * tomfoolery — jewellery

While these form part of the Cockney dialect, they do not conform to the commonly recognised definition of CRS. I have therefore separated them form the principal list, and accorded them a subsection of their own. --King Hildebrand 10:34, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Jewellery is just called tom: - especially in the criminal underworld. SemperBlotto (talk) 18:34, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Cleanup
I don't know why these entries don't link to the definitions involved, that is wig instead of wig or wig. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:33, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Daisies
One piece I’ve not seen here is ‘daisy roots’ as term for boots: it's used so in the closing theme of the 1960s version of [|The Italian Job], for example.

Is it possible to dig up a reference and include it … ?

Cuddy2977 (talk) 13:37, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Appendix talk:Cockney rhyming slang


text: discharged

title: discharged


text:
User:EncycloPetey/WorkShop

 * See: FileDrawer, Laboratorium

Character sets

 * English (Old): Æ æ Œ œ Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū : Ð ð Þ þ
 * German: Ä ä Ö ö Ü ü : ß
 * Hungarian: Á á É é Í í Ó ó Ő ő Ú ú Ű ű
 * Polish: Ą ą Ę ę Ó ó : Ć ć Ł ł Ń ń Ś ś Ź ź Ż ż
 * Spanish: Á á É é Í í Ó ó Ú ú : Ñ ñ

 * Greek: Α Ά Β Γ Δ Ε Έ Ζ Η Ή Θ Ι Ί Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Ό Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Ύ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ώ
 * α ά β γ δ ε έ ζ η ή θ ι ί κ λ μ ν ξ ο ό π ρ σ ς τ υ ύ φ χ ψ ω ώ
 * ὸ ῦ

 * Cyrillic: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я
 * а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я

 * Serbian: А Б В Г Д Ђ Е Ж З И Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О П Р С Т Ћ У Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш
 * а б в г д ђ е ж з и ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т ћ у ф х ц ч џ ш

IPA resources

 * Vowels: ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ɚ ɝ
 * Consonants: ʈ ɖ ɟ ɢ ʔ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʙ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ɦ ɬ ɮ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ɭ ʎ ʟ ʍ ɥ ʜ ʢ ʡ ɕ ʑ ɺ ɧ ɡ ɫ
 * Other: ˈ ˌ ː.

WOTD

 * Nominations
 * Index - Archive - 2006 Archive
 * Wiktionary:Word of the day/Recycled pages/May - Wiktionary:Word of the day/April 28
 * Template:wordnomination

Shakespeare Quote Format

 * 1) The stern of a ship.
 * 2) *1597 — William Shakespeare, 1 Hen IV iii 3
 * Thou art our admiral, thou bearest the lantern in the poop.

Quotations Timeline

 * to avoid; to shun

 * 1599 — William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor v 5
 * What cannot be eschew'd must be embrac'd.
 * 1927 — H.P. Lovecraft, The Horror at Red Hook
 * He could afford no servants, and would admit but few visitors to his absolute solitude; eschewing close friendships and receiving his rare acquaintances in one of the three ground-floor rooms which he kept in order.

Table Formatting

 * m:Help:Table and m:Help:Template

Constellations

 * Cassiopeia - Coma Berenices - Corona Australis - Corona Borealis (Gemma) - Corvus - Cygnus (Northern Cross, Deneb, Albireo)
 * Ophiuchus (Serpentarius) - Orion (Bellatrix, Betelgeuse, Rigel, Saiph, Orion Nebula, Orion's Belt, Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka)
 * Sagitta - Sculptor - Scutum - Serpens (Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda)

Arcturus

Galician countries

 * Albania
 * Alemaña
 * Andorra
 * Austria
 * Bélxica
 * Bielorrusia, Belarus
 * Bosnia e Hercegovina
 * Bulgaria
 * Chequia, República Checa
 * Chipre
 * Cidade do Vaticano, Santa Sé
 * Croacia
 * Dinamarca
 * Eslovaquia
 * Eslovenia
 * España
 * Estonia
 * Finlandia
 * Francia
 * Grecia, República Helénica
 * Hungría
 * Irlanda
 * Islandia
 * Italia
 * Letonia
 * Liechtenstein
 * Lituania
 * Luxemburgo
 * Macedonia, ARIM, Antiga República Iugoslava da Macedonia
 * Malta
 * Moldova
 * Mónaco
 * Montenegro
 * Noruega
 * Países Baixos
 * Polonia
 * Portugal
 * Reino Unido, Gran Bretaña
 * Escocia, Gales, Inglaterra
 * Romanía
 * Rusia
 * San Mariño
 * Serbia
 * Suecia
 * Suíza
 * Turquía
 * Ucraína

title: User:EncycloPetey/WorkShop


text:
User:Omegatron/monobook.css

/* */

/* Include css from en */

@import url(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Omegatron/monobook.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css&dontcountme=s);

/* */

title: User:Omegatron/monobook.css


text:
User:Omegatron/monobook.js

/* */

/* Include my scripts from w:User:Omegatron/monobook.js'); */

document.write(''); /* (Broken up so that preview doesn't get confused) */

/* */

title: User:Omegatron/monobook.js


text:
bull ring

Noun

 * 1)  The area in which bullfighting takes place.
 * 2)  An unusually short track, typically six furlongs or less for one lap.
 * 3)  A corral wherein horses are exercised and riders trained.

Translations

 * Catalan: plaça de toros, plaça de bous
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * German:, Stierkampfring
 * Hungarian: bikaviadal-aréna
 * Irish: cró tarbhchomhraic
 * Portuguese: praça de touros
 * Spanish: plaza de toros
 * Swedish: tjurfäktningsarena

title: bull ring


text:
flivver

Etymology
, early c. 20; in 1919, cartoonist claimed to have created the term in his comic strip "".

Noun

 * 1)  An automobile, particularly one which is old and inexpensive.
 * 2)  A.
 * 3)  A destroyer of the United States Navy with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons.
 * 1)  A.
 * 2)  A destroyer of the United States Navy with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons.
 * 1)  A destroyer of the United States Navy with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons.

title: flivver


text:
flehm

Alternative forms

 * see
 * see

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To exhibit the flehmen response, i.e., to draw back the lips, allowing scent to reach the Jacobson’s organ, an auxiliary olfactory organ found in many animals.

title: flehm


text:
aquellos

Pronoun

 * 1) ; those ones (over there; implying some distance).

Determiner

 * 1) ; those over there; implying some distance

title: aquellos


text:
zenci

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) black person of African descent, Negro

Usage notes

 * This word is slightly derogatory, but does not have the same level of offensiveness as its English equivalents.

title: zenci


text:
Betawi

Etymology
, derived from, derived from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.

Translations

 * Note: these translations are for the plural.

 * Betawi: basè Betawi
 * Dutch:, Bataviaan, Batavianen
 * French:, batavien
 * Indonesian: orang Betawi
 * Khmer: ភាសាបេតាវី
 * Malay: orang Betawi
 * Ossetian: Бетави
 * Russian: бата́вец, бата́вка, бата́вцы
 * Ukrainian: бата́вець, бата́вка, бата́вці

Proper noun

 * 1) The Betawi language, a native language spoken by the Betawi people.

Translations

 * Betawi: basè Betawi
 * Dutch: Bataviaans, Bataviaas, Bataviaas-Maleis
 * Indonesian:
 * Khmer: ភាសាបេតាវី
 * Malay: bahasa Betawi
 * Ossetian: Бетави ӕвзаг, Батави ӕвзаг
 * Russian: бата́вский
 * Ukrainian: бата́вська

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Proper noun

 * 1)   (now  and its surrounding cities).
 * 2)  The ethnic group native to  (formerly known as ), and some part of  and.
 * 3)  The native language spoken by Betawi people.
 * 4)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.
 * 5)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.
 * 6)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The ethnic group native to  (formerly known as ), and some part of  and.
 * 2)  The native language spoken by Betawi people.
 * 3)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.
 * 4)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.
 * 5)  The -influenced  in Betawi  spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Batavia

title: Betawi


text:
Ade

Etymology
The surname derives from medieval forms of or.

Noun

 * 1) farewell

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Hades deity
 * 2) Hades underworld

title: Ade


text: chella

title: chella


text:
chillo

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  that

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) cry, troat, squeal, hoot

title: chillo


text:
FTW

Interjection

 * 1)   an antisocial slogan.
 * 2)   a biker slogan.

title: FTW


text:
ilbistalsiha

Etymology
ilbi hand + ?

Noun

 * 1) handcuffs

title: ilbistalsiha


text:
ilbi

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬,

Noun

 * 1) hand

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬,

Noun

 * 1) hand

title: ilbi


text:
hanakbootoklo

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) rainbow

title: hanakbootoklo


text:
Frieden

Etymology
From, from. See also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) peace

title: Frieden


text:
otte

Etymology 1
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The Germanic numeral goes back to from, which is also the source of 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1)  eight

Etymology 2
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  early morning
 * 2) * 1882, Danmarks Folkeviser i Udvalg, ed. Svend Grundtvig, p. 177 / https://kalliope.org/da/text/folke2001042101:
 * Hr. Oluf rider om Otte, | men lysen Dag ham totte.
 * Sir Oluf rides at dawn, but it seemed bright day to him.

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) dawn, early morning

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) fear, worry

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) dawn, early morning

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) fear, worry

Numeral

 * 1) eight

title: otte


text:
Hölle

Etymology
From, from , , from , from , ultimately from.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) hell

title: Hölle


text:
Thesaurus talk:semen

--Barytonesis (talk) 21:58, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
 *
 *

title: Thesaurus talk:semen


text:
smaze

Noun

 * 1) Smoky haze in the air.

title: smaze


text:
上來

Verb

 * 1) to go from a lower elevation to a higher elevation
 * 2) to start; to begin

title: 上來


text: 上来

title: 上来


text:
squatter camp

Noun

 * 1)  A settlement of makeshift shacks.

Usage notes

 * Squatter camps are now known as informal settlements.

Translations

 * Russian:

title: squatter camp


text: hudnah

title: hudnah


text:
hudna

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) truce, armistice, cease-fire
 * 2) a pause to regroup, rearm, and prepare for the next fight

title: hudna


text:
人為

Verb

 * 1)  to have a human cause
 * 2)  to require human effort

Adjective

 * 1)  artificial; man-made; contrived

Noun

 * 1) artificial, human work, man-made

title: 人為


text: 人为

title: 人为


text:
其間

Adverb

 * 1) between them; between which; among them; among which
 * 2) the meantime; the meanwhile
 * 3) in the interim

title: 其間


text: 其间

title: 其间


text:
天長地久

Etymology
From :

Idiom

 * 1) enduring as the universe; everlasting and unchanging

Noun

 * 1) continuing unchanged as long as there has been heaven and earth

title: 天長地久


text: 天长地久

title: 天长地久


text:
太極

Noun

 * 1) taiji
 * 2) tai chi; taiji

Etymology
Ultimately from.

First cited to a text from roughly 1060, with the spelling.

The main spelling in Japanese is. The alternative with instead of  appears to be largely obsolete, and is not listed in many dictionaries.

Noun

 * 1)   the Absolute: the condition as it existed before the creation of the world
 * 2) a sword technique in the Yoshioka Kenpō school of kendō
 * 3)  short for : Tai Chi

Derived terms

 * : Tai Chi Chuan
 * : an image of the absolute, most commonly the yin-yang symbol
 * : a seal or crest using an image of the absolute

title: 太極


text: 太极

title: 太极


text:
User:A-caiBot

A bot to upload terms from CEDICT into wiktionary.

title: User:A-caiBot


text:
rabbet plane

Noun

 * 1) A rebate plane.

title: rabbet plane


text: buffalo berry

title: buffalo berry


text:
User:Alperen

Hi,

I'm new to here. :D That's all for now.

title: User:Alperen


text:
rabbit ear

Noun

 * 1) The , which has erect, flat branches covered prominently with bristles.

title: rabbit ear


text:
rabbit moth

Noun

 * 1) The,.

title: rabbit moth


text:
rabbit ear mite

Noun

 * 1) A parasite,, that causes cheyletiellosis and psoroptic mange in rabbits.

title: rabbit ear mite


text:
leicht

Etymology 1
From and, from , from , ultimately from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) light not heavy
 * 2) easy, simple not difficult
 * 3) slight

Adverb

 * 1) slightly

Etymology
From, from , from , from , ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) light not heavy
 * 2) easy not difficult
 * 3) light, lite, diet of food which is low in calories
 * Usage note: normally the english term light is used, e.g. in Light-Produkte = food with low sugar or calories
 * 1) slight
 * 1) light, lite, diet of food which is low in calories
 * Usage note: normally the english term light is used, e.g. in Light-Produkte = food with low sugar or calories
 * 1) slight

Adverb

 * 1) slightly

Adjective

 * 1) light not heavy
 * 2) easy not difficult

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) light, easy, simple

title: leicht


text:
raccroc stitch

Noun

 * 1) A stitch used in lacemaking to join pieces together.

title: raccroc stitch


text:
race baiting

Noun

 * 1) The use of racially derisive language, actions, or other forms of communication in order to set people against each other, usually in the context of white and black people.

Translations

 * French: supplice racial
 * Italian: tormento razziale
 * Swedish:

title: race baiting


text:
race rotation

Noun

 * 1) The rotary, rather than propulsive, motion produced by a propeller.
 * 2)   The rotation of the inner and outer parts of a bearing race.

title: race rotation


text:
racephedrine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Synthetic ephedrine, being a racemate of the R- and S- forms.

title: racephedrine


text:
rachitic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Pertaining to or affected by rickets.
 * 2) Feeble, in a weak or precarious condition.
 * 3) * December 8 1947, "FOREIGN EXCHANGE: Bold Gamble" Time Magazine
 * nations with over-valued rachitic currencies
 * 1) * December 8 1947, "FOREIGN EXCHANGE: Bold Gamble" Time Magazine
 * nations with over-valued rachitic currencies

Translations

 * Bulgarian: рахитичен
 * Catalan:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:

 * Catalan:
 * Italian:

 * French:

title: rachitic


text:
rachiometer

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  A device for measuring spinal curvature.

title: rachiometer


text:
rhachitomous

Adjective

 * 1)  Having a large, dorsal, crescentic intercentrum, and a small, dorsal, paired pleurocentrum.

title: rhachitomous


text:
racing crab

Noun

 * 1) Any of several fast-running crabs of the family.

title: racing crab


text:
race glass

Noun

 * 1) A field glass used at horseraces, usually as a pair (binoculars).

title: race glass


text:
R acid

Noun

 * 1)  A crystalline sulfonic acid, HOC10H5(SO3H)2, derived from beta naphthol and used as a dye intermediate; 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid.

title: R acid


text:
ratchet jack

Noun

 * 1) a jack raised or lowered by means of a pawl and ratchet operated by a reversing lever

title: ratchet jack


text:
rackabones

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A very lean person or animal, especially a lean horse.

title: rackabones


text:
rack and snail

Noun

 * 1) a mechanism in a striking timepiece that allows the hands to be advanced without having to wait for it to strike

title: rack and snail


text:
ratchet wheel

Noun

 * 1) A toothed wheel either held in position or turned by an engaging detent or pawl.
 * 2) The retaining wheel over the mainspring arbor of a timepiece.
 * 1) The retaining wheel over the mainspring arbor of a timepiece.

Translations

 * German: Rastrad,

title: ratchet wheel


text:
rack rent

Noun

 * 1)  The full rental value of a property, including both land and improvements, if it were subject to an immediate open market rent review.
 * 2)  An excessive rent.

title: rack rent


text:
raclette

Etymology
Borrowed from, the diminutive form of.

Noun

 * 1) A dish, of Swiss origin, similar to a fondue, consisting of melted cheese traditionally served on boiled potatoes and accompanied with pickles.
 * 2) A firm cheese suitable for use in this dish.

Translations

 * Finnish:, rakletti
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish: raklet

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 拉可雷特芝士
 * Finnish: raclettejuusto
 * French:
 * German: Raclettekäse,
 * Russian:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) raclette dish

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  (dish)
 * 2) squeegee

Noun

 * 1)  (cheese)

title: raclette


text:
racon

Noun

 * 1) A beacon that, on detecting a radar signal, responds by transmitting a coded navigation signal.

title: racon


text:
ruddleman

Etymology
. First appears in print in 1622, possibly coined by.

Noun

 * 1) Someone who deals in ruddle (red ochre), usually itinerant and red-stained

title: ruddleman


text:
radiability

Noun

 * 1) The state of being radiable; transparency to X-rays.

title: radiability


text:
radial bearing

Noun

 * 1) A  or, or an aspect or component of one, that is shaped best as to bear  forces, that is, the radial vectors of the loading forces.

title: radial bearing


text:
radial canal

Noun

 * 1) any of the numerous minute canals lined with choanocytes which radiate from the paragastric cavity in some sponges and end just below the surface of the sponge
 * 2) any of the canals extending through the substance of the umbrella from the gastric cavity to the marginal circular canal in jellyfish
 * 3) a tube extending outward along each ambulacral area from the circumoral canal in most echinoderms

title: radial canal


text:
radial gate

Noun

 * 1) a Tainter gate

title: radial gate


text:
radial saw

Noun

 * 1) a circular saw in which the saw wheel cuts downward from a suspended arm

Translations

 * Finnish: säteissaha

title: radial saw


text:
radial shield

Noun

 * 1) Either of the two plates situated on the disk at the base of each ray of some starfish.
 * 2) A radial graphite reflector surrounding a pressurized water reactor.

title: radial shield


text:
cadmium yellow

Noun

 * 1) cadmium sulfide when used as a pigment

title: cadmium yellow


text:
radiation pyrometer

Noun

 * 1) a device that measures the intensity of radiation from, and thus the temperature of, a hot body

title: radiation pyrometer


text:
radical center

Noun

 * 1)  A point at which the radical lines of three circles meet.
 * 2) Pertaining to radical centrism.

title: radical center


text:
radical axis

Noun

 * 1)  The line containing the locus of points from which the segments respectively tangent to two given circles have equal length.

title: radical axis


text:
rhizotomy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The surgical procedure of cutting the anterior or posterior spinal nerve roots in order to relieve pain, or reduce muscle spasms.

Derived terms

 * glycerol rhizotomy

Related terms

 * rhizotomous

title: rhizotomy


text:
radiferous

Adjective

 * 1) containing radium (or other material used for radiotherapy)
 * 2)  constituting radium (esp. barium salts)

Translations

 * Italian: radifero

title: radiferous


text:
radioacoustics

Noun

 * 1) The study of the acoustics of sounds as carried and reproduced by radio

title: radioacoustics


text:
radioassay

Noun

 * 1) An assay of an ore or some other radioactive sample to determine the intensity of its radiation.

Verb

 * 1)  To perform such an assay of.

title: radioassay


text: bunyon

title: bunyon


text:
radiodontia

Noun

 * 1)  The radiography of teeth, gums, jaws etc.

title: radiodontia


text:
radio fix

Noun

 * 1) The location of a radio transmitter by taking bearings from two receivers.
 * 2) The location of a vessel or aircraft by taking bearings to two transmitters of known position.

title: radio fix


text:
radiogenetics

Noun

 * 1) The study of the genetic effects of radiation.

title: radiogenetics


text:
radiogoniometry

Noun

 * 1) the measurement of the azimuth and elevation of received radio waves

title: radiogoniometry


text:
radiohalo

Noun

 * 1) A microscopic spherical disturbance in a rock caused by a grain of radioactive material.

title: radiohalo


text:
radioimmunological

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or using radioimmunology.

title: radioimmunological


text:
radio knife

Noun

 * 1)  A surgical instrument that uses a high-frequency electric arc to cut through or cut away tissue and at the same time sterilize the edges of the wound and seal cut blood vessels.

title: radio knife


text:
radiolarian ooze

Noun

 * 1) mud of the bottom of deep seas composed largely of silica from the skeletal remains of radiolarians

title: radiolarian ooze


text:
radiolarite

Noun

 * 1)  radiolarian ooze, or the sedimentary rock formed from it.

title: radiolarite


text:
radiolitic

Adjective

 * 1)  Having fanlike groupings of acicular crystals.
 * 2)  Whose components radiate from a central point.

title: radiolitic


text:
radiolitid

Adjective

 * Of, or relating to the genus or the family, or composed of their remains.

Noun

 * 1)  Any extinct bivalve in the family.

title: radiolitid


text:
radioluminescence

Noun

 * 1) luminescence produced by bombardment with ionizing radiation

Translations

 * Finnish: radioluminesenssi
 * Irish: radalonracht
 * Italian:

title: radioluminescence


text:
radiometallography

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the determination of the structure of metals and alloys by means of X-rays

title: radiometallography


text:
radiometric magnitude

Noun

 * 1)  The magnitude of a star as determined by radiometry.

title: radiometric magnitude


text:
radiomicrometer

Noun

 * 1) a device used to measure small changes in radiant heat, or in temperature

title: radiomicrometer


text:
radiopacity

Noun

 * 1) The state or degree of being opaque to X-rays.

title: radiopacity


text:
radiophone

Noun

 * 1) A photophone.
 * 2) A radiotelephone.

title: radiophone


text:
radioprotector

Noun

 * 1)  A substance, such as potassium iodide, that provides some protection against the harmful effects of radiation.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) radioprotective

title: radioprotector


text:
radio silence

Noun

 * 1) A status maintained where all fixed or mobile radio stations in an area stop transmitting (sometimes limited to certain frequency bands).
 * 2) The period of time during which this status exists.
 * 3)  A period of time during which nothing is heard from a person or organization, especially when such communication would normally be expected.

Translations

 * Arabic: صمت إذاعي
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 無線電靜默
 * Czech: rádiový klid
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: silenzio radio
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: радиоүнсіздік
 * Persian: سکوت رادیویی
 * Polish: cisza radiowa
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: silencio de radio
 * Swedish: radiotystnad
 * Ukrainian: радіомовчання

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * German:

title: radio silence


text:
radiosterilized

Adjective

 * 1)  Sterilized by radiosterilization.

title: radiosterilized


text:
radiostrontium

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) any radioactive isotope of strontium, especially

title: radiostrontium


text:
radiosymmetrical

Adjective

 * 1) having radial symmetry

title: radiosymmetrical


text:
radix graminis

Etymology
From +, the genitive form of.

Noun

 * 1) the root of couch grass, once used medicinally

title: radix graminis


text:
radon seed

Noun

 * 1) A small glass or gold tube, containing radon gas, implanted in a patient as radiotherapy.

title: radon seed


text:
radzimir

Noun

 * 1) A black silk fabric once used for mourning clothes.
 * 2) A similar fabric for women's clothing made with lengthwise ribs or a broken twill weave.

title: radzimir


text:
rafale

Etymology
Borrowed from. In the military context the term may well be obsolete in English; it had been been introduced into French military usage by General Hippolyte Langlois in the late nineteenth century, and adopted into English and American usage not long after, but the usage seems to have petered out in English by the end of World War I.

Noun

 * 1)  A short, intense burst of artillery fire from a number of weapons fired with the intention of overwhelming resistance or routing an attacking force.

Etymology
Origin. Possibly related to influenced by.

Noun

 * 1)  gust strong, abrupt rush of wind
 * 2)  sudden shower, flurry
 * 3)  burst series of shots fired from an automatic firearm
 * 1)  burst series of shots fired from an automatic firearm

Noun

 * 1)  gust

title: rafale


text:
roepen

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to cry, shout
 * 2)  to call, summon, invite etc.

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to call, to shout

title: roepen


text:
braaivleis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A braai or barbecue.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) braaied meat

Usage notes
The word is sometimes shortened to just vleis or vleisie, especially when the context is clear.

title: braaivleis


text:
stoppen

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to stop, to halt
 * 2) to plug
 * 3) to stuff, to put, to insert
 * 4) to darn
 * 1) to stuff, to put, to insert
 * 2) to darn
 * 1) to darn
 * 1) to darn

Etymology
. As in 🇨🇬, the sense “to stop” is figurative from water flow being stopped by plugging. Only in this figurative meaning has the form been adopted into standard German proper, under the reinforcing influence of.

Verb

 * 1)  to stop

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to stop, to halt
 * 2)  to stop, to plug

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to stop

Noun

Noun

title: stoppen


text:
wekken

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to wake, to wake up
 * 2)  to cause, to elicit (particularly of certain emotions)

title: wekken


text:
smaken

Etymology 1
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to taste
 * 2)  to taste good, to be likable in taste
 * 3)  to experience; to enjoy
 * 1)  to experience; to enjoy
 * 1)  to experience; to enjoy

Etymology
, from, from ; compare. Some forms are remodelled on.

Verb

 * 1)  To have a taste; to taste something.
 * 2)  To smell of; to emit or sample an odour.
 * 3)  To be contaminated by; to be blemished with.
 * 1)  To be contaminated by; to be blemished with.

title: smaken


text:
ёб

Etymology
Compare with 🇨🇬

Interjection

 * 1)  fuck!

title: ёб


text:
millage

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A tax rate on property, expressed in mills of the property's value.

Translations

 * Czech: daň z nemovitosti
 * Finnish: kiinteistöveroprosentti

Noun

 * 1)  mileage

title: millage


text:
blind map

Noun

 * 1) A map with political boundaries and major geographical features shown, but without names. Sometimes used for testing or training purposes.

Translations

 * Czech: slepá mapa
 * German: Stumme Karte, Blindkarte
 * Hungarian: vaktérkép
 * Indonesia:
 * Japanese:
 * Russian: слепая карта, контурная карта

title: blind map


text:
separable verb

Noun

 * 1)  A verb that is composed of a stem and a separable affix, which can be detached from the stem in several verb forms.

Translations

 * Dutch: scheidbaar werkwoord
 * Japanese:, 離合詞
 * Polish: czasownik rozdzielnie złożony
 * Portuguese: verbo separável

title: separable verb


text:
separable

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Able to be separated.
 * 2)  Able to be brought to a form where all occurrences of the dependent and the independent variable are on opposite sides of the equal sign.
 * 3)  Having a countable dense subset.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: separable
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: separoituva,
 * Galician:
 * German: separabel,
 * Hungarian:, , elváló
 * Italian: separabile
 * Japanese: 切り離せる, ,
 * Latin: sēparābilis
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: separable
 * Swedish:, ,

 * Finnish: separoituva
 * German: separierbar,
 * Polish: rozłączny

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * , detachable

title: separable


text:
separable affix

Noun

 * 1)  An affix that can be detached from the word it attaches to in several instances.

title: separable affix


text:
scheidbaar

Adjective

 * 1) separable

title: scheidbaar


text:
achten

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to esteem, to respect, to value
 * 2)  to estimate, to consider, to reckon

Etymology 1
From, from , from + , from. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to care about, to pay attention to
 * 2)  to keep an eye on
 * 3)  to respect
 * 1)  to respect

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to care about, pay attention to
 * 2)  to keep an eye on
 * 3)  to respect

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to consider, to think
 * 2) to pay attention to
 * 3) to expect
 * 4) to discuss
 * 5) to esteem, to value

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to proscribe
 * 2) to take care about
 * 3) to respect
 * 4) to mind something
 * 5) to look after

Verb

 * 1) to mind, respect, esteem

title: achten


text:
talismanic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * Of, relating to, or like, a talisman.
 * 1) Possessing or believed to possess protective magical power.
 * 1) Possessing or believed to possess protective magical power.
 * 1) Possessing or believed to possess protective magical power.
 * 1) Possessing or believed to possess protective magical power.

Translations

 * Finnish: talismaaninen
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: talismanico
 * Polish: talizmaniczny
 * Portuguese: talismânico
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: talismánico

Etymology
..

title: talismanic


text:
易怒

Adjective

 * 1) easy to anger

title: 易怒


text: 家丑

title: 家丑


text:
мржња

Noun

 * 1) hatred

title: мржња


text:
ice sculpture

Noun

 * 1)  temporary, decorative sculpture carved from a block of ice

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ijssculptuur
 * Estonian: jääskulptuur
 * Finnish: jääveistos
 * French: sculpture sur glace
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: dealbh oighir
 * Japanese:
 * Mongolian: мөсөн баримал
 * Romanian: sculptură în gheață
 * Russian: ледяна́я скульпту́ра
 * Swedish:

title: ice sculpture


text:
mržnja

Noun

 * 1) hatred

title: mržnja


text:
мрзети

Verb

 * 1)  to hate

title: мрзети


text:
on ice

Etymology

Sense 1 (“not being used; temporarily unavailable or suspended”) probably refers to the practice of putting food on ice to preserve it.

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  Not being used; temporarily unavailable or suspended; on hold.
 * 2) Of an entertainment normally performed on a stage: performed by ice skaters as an ice show.
 * 3) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.
 * 1) Of an entertainment normally performed on a stage: performed by ice skaters as an ice show.
 * 2) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.
 * 1) Of an entertainment normally performed on a stage: performed by ice skaters as an ice show.
 * 2) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.
 * 1) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.
 * 1) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.
 * 1) Of a sporting or other contest: in a state of assured victory for the leading contestant.

Translations

 * Czech: u ledu
 * Finnish: jäissä, jäihin

 * Czech: na ledě
 * Finnish: jäällä,
 * Persian:

title: on ice


text:
mrzeti

Verb

 * 1)  to hate

title: mrzeti


text:
ice show

Noun

 * 1) an entertainment performed by ice skaters

title: ice show


text:
mrziti

Verb

 * 1)  to hate

title: mrziti


text:
User talk:Vantixs

asymmetric
Your definition was for the noun asymmetry, not the adjective asymmetric SemperBlotto 15:57, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vantixs


text:
ice skate

Noun

 * 1) A light boot, fitted with a blade, used for ice skating.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Breton:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 雪屐, 溜冰鞋
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: sketilo
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, jégkorcsolya
 * Ingrian: konjkka
 * Japanese: スケート靴
 * Lithuanian: pačiūža
 * Luxembourgish: Schlitschong
 * Macedonian: ли́згалка
 * Maltese: żarbun ta' l-iskejzzjar
 * Mongolian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: patim de gelo
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: patín a hielo
 * Swedish:
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh: esgid sglefrio

title: ice skate


text:
ice-skate

Noun

 * 1) Alternative form of ice skate

Verb

 * 1)  to skate on ice, wearing ice skates.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: ysskaats
 * Amharic: በረዶ ላይ መንሸራተትና
 * Armenian:
 * Burmese: ရေခဲစကိတ်စီး
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: uisutada
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ციგურები
 * German:, Eis laufen
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: બરફ સ્કેટ
 * Hebrew: החלקה על הקרח
 * Hungarian:, jégkorcsolyázik
 * Icelandic: skauta
 * Japanese: スケート靴
 * Kazakh: коньки тебу
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: муз-коньки
 * Maori: reretio
 * Mongolian:
 * Nepali:
 * Norman: patinner
 * Portuguese: patins de gelo
 * Punjabi: ਆਈਸ-ਸਕੇਟ
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:
 * Tajik: ях-яхмолак
 * Tamil: பனி சறுக்கு
 * Telugu: మంచు స్కేట్
 * Thai: ไอซ์สเก็ต
 * Tibetan: ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད
 * Turkish:
 * Urdu: آئس اسکیٹ
 * Vietnamese: giày trượt băng
 * Welsh: iâ sglefrio
 * Xhosa: isikeyithi sonkence
 * Yoruba: yinyin-siketi
 * Zulu: ayisi-isikeyiti

title: ice-skate


text:
ice skating

Noun

 * 1) The act, or the sport, of skating on ice.

Derived terms

 * ice skating rink

Translations

 * Afrikaans: ysskaats
 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 溜冰
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: glitkurado
 * Estonian: uisutamine
 * Finnish:
 * French: patinage à glace,
 * Georgian: ციგურები
 * German: Eislauf,, Schlittschuhlaufen
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, jégkorcsolyázás
 * Icelandic:
 * Japanese:, スケーティング,
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: slidošana, daiļslidošana
 * Lithuanian:
 * Mongolian: тэшүүрийн спорт
 * Persian: یخ‌بازی,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: patinação no gelo, patinagem no gelo
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ката́ние на конька́х, конькобе́жный спорт
 * Slovak: korčuľovanie
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: яхбозӣ
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh: sglefrio ar rew, sglefrio ar iâ
 * West Frisian: reedriden

title: ice skating


text:
ice skater

Noun

 * 1) A person who ice-skates.

Derived terms

 * /ice-skater effect

title: ice skater


text:
ice water

Noun

 * 1) Cold water for drinking, either chilled in ice, or with the addition of ice cubes.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:

title: ice water


text:
ice wedge

Noun

 * 1) a vertical wedge of subterranean ice

Translations

 * Finnish: jääkiila
 * French: coin de glace
 * German:
 * Japanese: 氷楔
 * Spanish: cuña de hielo
 * Swedish: iskil

title: ice wedge


text:
ice wine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * French: vin de glace
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Russian: ледяно́е вино́

title: ice wine


text:
門縫

Noun

 * 1) crack between door and its frame

title: 門縫


text:
business architect

Noun

 * 1) someone who designs and develops a company's business architecture

title: business architect


text: User:Dmol

title: User:Dmol


text:
特別

Adjective

 * 1) special

Adverb

 * 1) especially; particularly
 * 2) specially; purposely
 * 3)  extremely; very; highly
 * 1) specially; purposely
 * 2)  extremely; very; highly
 * 1) specially; purposely
 * 2)  extremely; very; highly
 * 1)  extremely; very; highly

Synonyms

Adjective

 * 1) special

title: 特別


text:
ice worm

Noun

 * 1) any of several worms, of the genus, that inhabit glacial ice

title: ice worm


text:
ice yachting

Noun

 * 1) the sport of racing ice yachts

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:

title: ice yachting


text:
ice yacht

Noun

 * 1) A craft, in the broad shape of a yacht, fitted with skis or runners so as to sail on the ice.

Translations

 * Finnish: jääpursi
 * Hungarian:
 * Swedish: isjakt

title: ice yacht


text:
ice boat

Noun

 * 1) An ice yacht.
 * 2) An icebreaker; a ship that breaks through ice.

Translations

 * Hungarian:

title: ice boat


text:
chipmunk voice

Etymology
From the voices of the characters in, an animated music group.

Noun

 * 1) A voice effect where the normal sounding voice is increased in pitch and often sped-up and squeaky-sounding.

title: chipmunk voice


text:
Draconist

Noun

 * 1) A member of the Order of the Dragon.
 * Vlad III was known as Dracula because he was a Draconist, a member of the Order of the Dragon.

title: Draconist


text:
когда

Etymology
, from which the following words also were derived: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 / , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Originally the word was probably *koda; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Old Indic and 🇨🇬, Avestan kadā. From *koda came *kъdа, possibly under the influence of *kъdе, kъtо. On the other hand, one may perceive in the old instrumental singular *godō of the word  (the old meaning of which was “time, period”) with the interrogative particle ко-, making a genitive singular form *kogo goda (which time?). Thus the -гда ending may have derived from the genitive of.

Adverb

 * 1) when

Conjunction

 * 1) when

Usage notes

 * Both the subordinate clause with the conjunction когда and the main clause can have either an imperfective or a perfective verb. However, the whole context of the respective sentences could be different due to the difference of the aspects.
 * Chiefly in colloquial language, the conjunction когда can be moved to any position in the dependent clause including the final one; this typically occurs in short introductory clauses that recall or specify being in the middle of things of a situation.

title: когда


text: prosecco

title: prosecco


text:
draconologist

Noun

 * 1) A person who studies dragons.

title: draconologist


text:
lower back

Noun

 * 1) The region of the back above the waist, also known as the lumbar region; the area surrounding the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: alaselkä
 * French: bas du dos
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: sasapnan
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese:, lưng dưới

title: lower back


text:
soutie

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  An Englishman with one foot in Africa and one back in England.

title: soutie


text:
Myrmecia

Etymology
, from

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species; ; see for other species.

title: Myrmecia


text: Myrmeciinae

title: Myrmeciinae


text:
Formicidae

Usage notes

 * Previously placed in the superfamily, within.

Hypernyms

 * , - suborder;  - superfamily

Hyponyms

 * ,, , , , (syn. ), , , , , , , , , ,  (possibly invalid), , , , , , ,

title: Formicidae


text: Vespoidea

title: Vespoidea


text:
Apocrita

Etymology
From.

Hyponyms

 * †Bethylonymoidea, †Serphitoidea
 * †Bethylonymoidea, †Serphitoidea

title: Apocrita


text:
legging

Noun

 * 1) A covering, usually of leather, worn from knee to ankle.
 * 2) Stretchy tight-fitting pants often worn by women or for exercise.
 * 3) One of the legs of a pair of trousers.
 * 4) The process of putting a series of three or more options strikes into the stock market.
 * 1) The process of putting a series of three or more options strikes into the stock market.

Translations

 * Cheyenne: hohtoho
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 打底裤
 * Esperanto: kruringo
 * Finnish: pitkäthousut, leggingsit, pitkikset,
 * French:
 * German: Überhose
 * Hungarian: cicanadrág,, sztreccsnadrág
 * Icelandic:
 * Malay: sarung betis
 * Maori: pārengarenga, pāpari, rēkena
 * Persian: زنگال,
 * Polish:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Tagalog: polaynas
 * Taos: cìatúną

 * Dutch: legging
 * French:
 * German: Leggings,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: レギンス
 * Korean: 레깅스
 * Russian:

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  act of placing

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  leg covering

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) frill, ruffle decorative strip of material

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) laying
 * 2) the act of going to bed one self or putting to bed someone else

title: legging


text:
operationalize

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To make operational.
 * 2)  To define (a concept) in such a way that it can be practically measured.
 * 1)  To define (a concept) in such a way that it can be practically measured.

title: operationalize


text:
immunoglobulin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.

Translations

 * Basque: immunoglobulina
 * Catalan: immunoglobulina
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 免疫球蛋白
 * Czech: imunoglobulin
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: inmunoglobulina
 * Georgian: იმუნოგლობულინი
 * German:
 * Indonesian: imunoglobulin
 * Irish: glóbailin imdhíonachta
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 免疫グロブリン
 * Korean:
 * Macedonian: имуноглобулин
 * Portuguese: imunoglobulina
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: inmunoglobulina
 * Swedish:

title: immunoglobulin


text:
immunodiffusion

Noun

 * 1) a technique used to detect the reaction between an antigen and an antibody by observing the behavior of a combination of such species as they diffuse through a gel

title: immunodiffusion


text:
immunofluorescence

Noun

 * 1) a technique that uses a fluorochrome to indicate a specific antigen-antibody reaction

title: immunofluorescence


text:
immunological

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to immunology.

Translations

 * Asturian: inmunolóxicu
 * Belarusian: імуналагі́чны
 * Catalan:
 * Danish: immunologisk
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: immunoloogiline
 * French:
 * Galician: inmunolóxico
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: immunológiai
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: imunoloģisks
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: immunologisk
 * Nynorsk: immunologisk
 * Persian: ایمونولوژیک
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: imunologický
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: імунологі́чний

Noun

 * 1)  Any drug used to treat the immune system.

title: immunological


text:
immunology

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: immunologie
 * Albanian: imunulogji
 * Azerbaijani: immunologiya
 * Bashkir: иммунология
 * Basque:
 * Catalan: immunologia
 * Chinese:
 * Hokkien: 免疫學
 * Mandarin:, 免疫科
 * Czech:
 * Danish: immunologi
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: immunoloogia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: иммунология
 * Khmer: ស៊ាំវិទ្យា
 * Korean: 면역학(免疫學)
 * Kyrgyz: иммунология
 * Latin: immunologia
 * Macedonian: имунологија
 * Malay:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: immunologi
 * Nynorsk: immunologi
 * Persian: ایمنی‌شناسی,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romagnol: immunologì, immunologèja
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: имунологија
 * Sinhalese: ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish: inmunología
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: масуниятшиносӣ, иммунология
 * Tamil: நோயெதிர்ப்பியல்
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: імуноло́гія
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese: miễn dịch học (免疫學)

title: immunology


text:
immunologic cytotoxicity

Noun

 * 1) the mechanism whereby the immune system renders foreign or abnormal cells safe by either destroying or damaging them

title: immunologic cytotoxicity


text:
immunologic

Adjective

 * 1) immunological

Derived terms

 * immunologic cytotoxicity

title: immunologic


text:
cytotoxicity

Noun

 * 1)  the property of being toxic to a cell

title: cytotoxicity


text:
immunosuppression

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The suppression of the immune response, especially its active medical suppression by human agency (via immunosuppressant drugs) to treat autoimmune diseases or to prevent allograft rejection after transplant.

Usage notes
Some writers reserve the word immunosuppression for the active and intentional hyponymous subset of, but this usage prescription is not widely followed, as the attested strength of the collocation immunosuppression by HIV illustrates.

Translations

 * Arabic: نقص المناعة
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: immunosuppressie
 * Finnish:
 * German:

title: immunosuppression


text:
oracular

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to an oracle.
 * 2) Prophetic, foretelling the future.
 * 3) Wise, authoritative.
 * 4) Ambiguous, hard to interpret.
 * 1) Wise, authoritative.
 * 2) Ambiguous, hard to interpret.
 * 1) Wise, authoritative.
 * 2) Ambiguous, hard to interpret.
 * 1) Ambiguous, hard to interpret.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: orakelhaft, orakelmäßig
 * Greek:
 * Portuguese: oracular

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German: orakelhaft, orakelmäßig
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: χρηστήριος
 * Portuguese: oracular
 * Russian: ,
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: zwěšćelowarski

 * Armenian: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek: ,
 * Russian: ,

Adjective

 * 1)   of or relating to an oracle
 * 2)  prophetic; foretelling the future

Etymology
From.

title: oracular


text:
immune response

Noun

 * 1)  The body's integrated response to an antigen, mediated by lymphocytes.

Translations

 * Catalan: resposta immunitària
 * Dutch: ,
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: respuesta inmunitaria, respuesta inmune
 * Ukrainian: іму́нна ві́дповідь

title: immune response


text:
analytic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics.
 * Of, or relating to division into elements or principles.
 * 1) Having the ability to analyse.
 * 2)  that follows necessarily; tautologous.
 * 3)  Of, or relating to algebra or a similar method of analysis.
 * 4)  Being defined in terms of objects of differential calculus such as derivatives.
 * 5)  Being able to be locally represented by convergent power series around every point of the domain.
 * 6)  Of a language, having a grammar principally dependent on the arrangement of uninflected words within sentences to indicate meaning. Compare synthetic.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: analític
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: analiza
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: analítico
 * Georgian: ანალიტიკური
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: वैश्‍लेषिक, विश्लेषक, विश्लेषणात्मक, विश्लेषीय
 * Irish: anailíseach
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: аналитикалық
 * Latvian: analītisks
 * Manx: bun-ronsee
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, compounds with
 * Tagalog: suriin
 * Ukrainian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto: analiza
 * Finnish:, erittelevä
 * French:
 * Georgian: ანალიტიკური
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: suriin
 * Ukrainian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto: analizema
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ანალიტიკური
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: analītisks
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ანალიტიკური
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Kazakh: аналитикалық
 * Russian:
 * Tagalog: suriin

 * Bulgarian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: suriin

 * Armenian:
 * German:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:

title: analytic


text:
analytical entry

Etymology
analytical + entry

Noun

 * 1) an entry in a bibliographic catalogue that describes a part of a larger work that has its own entry

title: analytical entry


text: legging it

title: legging it


text:
bootlegging

Noun

 * 1) Engaging in economic production or distribution in an illegal way.
 * 2) The activity of making, transporting and/or selling illegal alcoholic liquor.
 * 3) The activity of making, transporting and/or selling an illegal version or copy of a copyrighted product.
 * 4) The activity of operating a mine illicitly.
 * 1) The activity of operating a mine illicitly.

title: bootlegging


text: peg-legging

title: peg-legging


text:
governance

Etymology
From, from , , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The process, or the power, of governing; government or administration.
 * 2) The specific system by which a political system is ruled.
 * 3) The group of people who make up an administrative body.
 * 4) The state of being governed.
 * 5)  Accountability for consistent, cohesive policies, processes and decision rights.
 * 1)  Accountability for consistent, cohesive policies, processes and decision rights.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, vládnutí
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:
 * Galician: gobernanza
 * German: Regieren, Regierungsgewalt, Regierungsführung,, , Herrschen, , Regentschaft, , Staatslenkung
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Indonesian:, tata kelola
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: владеење
 * Malay: governans
 * Malayalam: ഭരണനിർവ്വഹണം,
 * Maori: mana whakahaere
 * Middle English: governaunce
 * Mongolian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: upravljanje, guverniranje
 * Slovak: riadenie, vedenie, smerovanie
 * Spanish:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: hallintojärjestelmä,
 * French:
 * German:, Führungsstruktur
 * Italian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Italian:
 * Malayalam: ഭരണകൂടം
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: ,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: hallittuus
 * French:
 * Italian:

title: governance


text:
interpose

Etymology
From, influenced by , from , from +.

Verb

 * 1)  To insert something (or oneself) between other things.
 * 2)  To interrupt a conversation by introducing a different subject or making a comment.
 * 3)  To offer (one's help or services).
 * 4)  To be inserted between parts or things; to come between.
 * 5)  To intervene in a dispute, or in a conversation.
 * 1)  To offer (one's help or services).
 * 2)  To be inserted between parts or things; to come between.
 * 3)  To intervene in a dispute, or in a conversation.
 * 1)  To be inserted between parts or things; to come between.
 * 2)  To intervene in a dispute, or in a conversation.
 * 1)  To intervene in a dispute, or in a conversation.

Translations

 * Armenian:, ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: laittaa väliin
 * French: ,
 * Greek:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: danîn nav,
 * Ladino: enkashar
 * Maori: kōkuhu
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, ,

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , casser le fil
 * Greek:
 * Maori: kohiko, aruaru
 * Polish:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

 * Finnish: tulla väliin
 * Maori: kuhi
 * Russian:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian: намесвам се
 * Finnish:
 * French:, se mêler à, se jeter dans la mêlée, semer la merde
 * Spanish:, meterse en, lanzarse a la pelea

 * French:
 * Scottish Gaelic:
 * Spanish:

title: interpose


text:
PDI

Noun

 * 1)   fuel injection
 * 1)   fuel injection
 * 1)   fuel injection

title: PDI


text:
хуёвый

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1)  lousy, wretched, worthless, crappy, shitty

title: хуёвый


text:
Wiktionary:Obsolete and archaic terms

This is a policy truly in development. Thus this page includes many aspects of reasoning and discussion which may later be removed for conciseness. This "policy" will be renamed, if necessary, as appropriate when the current debate resolves. It may well be renamed to something like "Inclusion and Classification of Old Words". Until then it will remain at this "page address".

Policy for inclusion of old words

 * obsolete, archaic and unfashionable/dated terms and meanings are to be included in Wiktionary.

People reading a text from an earlier era should be able to refer to Wiktionary to find the meaning of a word it employs when either meaning or word has since fallen out of general use. (And its having fallen out of use may itself be helpful to know.) This guideline applies whether the term is peculiar to the court of Queen Elizabeth I or to the punk scene of the 1980s.

Note: Such terms are still subject to WT:CFI, so it does not justify including a word that was only used by a very small group and only published in a single publication of limited readership.

Classifications of old words
The following tags are not intended to dictate whether or how to use the tagged entries, but to inform the reader of the modern rarity and possible connotations within modern contexts.

Old English
Old English words (ISO 639-3 language code ang), used before 1100, are so differently spelt from current spelling, or completely different in meaning, as to be virtually a foreign language to modern English speakers. Entries for such terms are treated as foreign words with the L2 language heading ==Old English==, categorized within Category:Old English language, and defined with a modern English translation. No “”, “”, or “” tags are used.

Middle English
Middle English words (ISO 639-3 language code enm), used between circa 1100 and circa 1500, are also regarded as words from a foreign language. Entries for such terms are given an L2 language header of ==Middle English==, classified within Category:Middle English language, and defined with a modern English translation. No “”, “”, or “” tags are used.

Obsolete
No longer in use; found only in very old texts. Can also apply to a no longer understood sense of a word. Examples:, “to pay” sense of.
 * Virtually no one would currently use the word or meaning; and very few would understand the word or meaning, whether spoken or written.

Archaic
No longer in general use, but still found in some contemporary texts (e.g. the Bible). Examples: (singular second-person subject; "you").
 * Generally understood by educated people, but rarely used in current texts or speech.

Dated
Still in use, but generally only by older people, and considered unfashionable or superseded, particularly by younger people. Examples: (in sense "broadcast radio tuner"),, ,  (in the senses of "bright", "happy" etc.).

Please keep in mind that what may be considered "unfashionable" or "dated" in one region may not be in another (example: "strange or weird" definition of, dated in most areas but still current in Scotland and Ulster), so where possible please include regional information. If in doubt, make a Usage Note stating that the term may be considered unfashionable or dated in some areas. (See also WT:NPOV.)

Historical
The labels "obsolete", "archaic", "dated" and so forth concern the term itself. It is important to distinguish these labels from the "historical" label, which is used for terms that remain current use, but which describe an object or concept that no longer exists or is not current. Examples:, , or.
 * The term is still used by modern authors who need to refer to the superseded object or concept. Modern texts will generally define the term at its first use.

Tagging words and meanings with “archaic” or “obsolete” or “dated”
To tag definitions in entries: Where xx is the relevant language code. As well as tagging words or meaning with “archaic”, “obsolete” or “dated”, it can be helpful to indicate the era in which the word was used. This is often accomplished with the defdate template at the end of a sense. Specific labels are also available for certain broader historical periods within individual languages, such as "Early Modern English" for English and "Medieval Latin" for Latin.
 * tags and categorises as (obsolete)
 * tags and categorises as (archaic)
 * tags and categorises as (dated)

To tag things that aren't definitions, such as links to other entries, use instead and omit the language code.

Limit of Wiktionary's scope
This policy and the category definitions should be aligned at least. And hopefully aligned with common dictionary usage of the terms "archaic" and "obsolete", to be reflected in the entries archaic and obsolete.
 * see the definitions in archaic and obsolete and Old English
 * see the category definitions in Category:English terms with archaic senses, Category:English terms with obsolete senses
 * as a dynamic new technology dictionary we will need to "invent" a meaning for "unfashionable" (or dated) that meets our needs. Previous technology dictionaries were less able to classify this kind of word, and thus may not have had a precise word/meaning to use for our purposes.

title: Wiktionary:Obsolete and archaic terms


text:
abeja

Etymology
Likely derived from.

Noun

 * 1) doubt, uncertainty

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bee

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) bee the insect

title: abeja


text:
Wiktionary talk:Obsolete and archaic terms

Deleting
I noticed somewhere a mention of someone deleting obsolete terms from Wiktionary. To me this is shear vandalism. I propose this policy.

I'm now about to go looking for where I should post notice of this draft policy, so that it can be properly considered and developed.--Richardb 20:40, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Why do we need this as a separate policy. A couple of lines at CFI should be adequate. Eclecticology 10:10, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes Yes EC, we know you don't like policies. But, we need to get some clear definition. Work with me here to get the "policy" defined, and then maybe we can summarise it into a couple of lines in Criteria for Inclusion.--Richardb 11:43, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Links to the Old English Wiktionary?
I not sure what the point of "with a reference pointing to the entry in the Old English (it has a more proper name) Wiktionary." is? The Old English Wiktionary is in, well, Old English so there not much to most people linking there except by using interwiki links of course. Actually I'm not sure why there are a Old English Wiktionary at all since its a dead language... The main point of having Wiktionary in different languages is to help people that only speaks that language or to help forming a community based on a common language like the Esperanto Wiktionary. --Patrik Stridvall 13:03, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There are as many uses for Wiktionary as there are contributors. One possible use is for people reading a text to look up words they find but do not understand. If this is an old text, then the word may be very old english, or even Old English. I'm not sure what the cut off is between them. Perhaps we could have some information here in this policy. Another dead language that has a Wiktionary is Latin. Is there an Ancient Greek one too ? And I've no doubt there are small communities who even speak Old English, perhaps when they re-enact ancient battles etc. Who knows !--Richardb 11:38, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Of course we should have Old English here at the English Wiktionary but it should be treated as a different language. The point is more what relation should we have with the Old English Wiktionary. In my opionion none except for the interwiki links that exists for all other languages. But I see that you have removed the text that I didn't like.

 * As for the Wiktionaries for dead languages. Well, that it not really our concern since we should have no special relation with them at all... Howevever, the Old English Wiktionary is rather pointless, I seriously doubt that there are people that speak Old English better then Modern English, especially people willing to work on a it. So why not form a subcommunity here instead and explain the words in Modern English instead.
 * My understanding is that there is a small community building Old English Wiktionary. If that group wants to enter their words into the English dictionary (and perhaps they can be encouraged), they should enter them just as the French or Russians or Chinese enter their words in to the English dictionary, under a different language heading. But, if the OldEnglish word is the same as the modern English word, perhaps they should refrain ?--Richardb 14:23, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * They should enter it under ==Old English== or possibly ==English, Old==. If it basicly means the same as the modern word there is not much point in adding it unless there are additional useful information like Old English inflections, synonyms, quotes, usage notes, pronunciation or something. --Patrik Stridvall 21:43, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ancient Greek doesn't seem to have any. As for Latin that is a special case since it is the offical language of Vatican City. There are actually new words being added to the language. See for example Latin Computer Words.

 * Now to the what is relevant to us. The big question is Middle English, that doesn't seem to have a Wiktionary either BTW, should we treat that as a different langauges or not. I think we should if for no reason other than because we don't want words that are spelled differently in Middle English be listed as spelling alternatives to Modern English. Just marking them as archaic or obsolete would be confusing. --Patrik Stridvall 18:36, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * If there is a language code enm:, that suggests we should treat such words as being from a a diffrent language (but only where they are clearly different). but, how are we going to tell what is Middle English aand what is old, obsolete Modern English. Dunno. Needs someone with more knowledge of Midddle and Old English.--Richardb 14:23, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, enm (see List of ISO 639 codes) is a proper language code. As I said earlier I see it more as a way to keep very archaic spellings out of the section for Modern English. Word that are both Middle English and Modern English doesn't need to be listed at as Middle English unless they have senses that Modern English lacks. --Patrik Stridvall 21:43, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I really hate the idea of treating Middle Englsh as a separate language. I think it's better to treat ME forms as obsolete variants of modern words, that way the continuity of the language is better shown.  Plus it would otherwise mean we'd need separate entries for all the words which haven't changed (ie most of them..).  Old English, which I speak quite well, is demonstrably different in grammar and vocabulary from modern English and is clearly a different language.  But for MidE, most of the words could still be used today in an archaic sense...I just think there are no advantages to treating it as a different language and plenty of disadvantages.  But perhaps this is better discussed on BP..!  Widsith 11:35, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you are right. In addition it might be wiser to take a wait and see approach and reopen the discussion when we have some actual examples that might benefit from some sort of split. --Patrik Stridvall 13:06, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, I know many out there will not agree with this, but I think it needs to be said. Words do not die out suddenly, and it is much harder to say when a word "leaves" the (English) language than to say when it enters (in general.). I have myself noticed, and find it worth mentioning, that if one has a sufficiently thick Modern English dictionary, knows the sound shifts (in particular the Great Vowel Shift), the different orthography, and knows what is an ending or prefix we no longer use, i.e. ge- on past particples, the case endings -um, -,u ,-a, -e, it is often possible to decipher some texts in Old English using only the aforementioned "sufficiently thick" Modern English dictionary. I think the point cannot be overemphasized that words may enter the language with a bang, but they don't die out but slowly. This is even more so if Scots words are considered to be English and included in the dictionary. Granted, no one I know of uses words like "blee", "swith", "eath", "sweven", "stith", "fremd", "frith", "eam" etc. but they would be included in the sufficiently thick dictionary, and I came across them first by using Modern English dictionaries to decipher Old English (I am familiar with the sound shifts that English has gone through and the orthography of Old English). The problem with Old (and Middle) English is the differences in spelling convention. If we have a word in Old or Middle English which would be found in the thick Modern English dictionary, we should in principle spell it the "modern" way. But there are cases where it is tough to decide what spelling to include: compound words are an interesting case. Suppose, hypothetically, we want to consider the Old English word "mildheortnes" (pity). It is more or less obviously "mild-heartness". We could have an entry for "mildheartness" (obsolete) or we could leave it as "mildheortnes". The same problem arises for Middle English.

-User: Nightvid (unresgistered)

Further shade: "dated"
Words such as "fab", "gear" and "girl power" are not archaic - they are merely old, dated or old-fashioned (although "girl power" is pushing it a bit).

I think the distinction is probably as follows (applied to individual senses as well as words):

 * Obsolete: no longer in use; found only in very old texts. Examples: zyxt, yclept (although some dictionaries mark "yclept" as "archaic")
 * Archaic: no longer in general use, but still found in some contemporary texts (eg, the Bible). Examples: thou (in the sense of "you"), œconomy
 * Dated: still in use, but only by older people and considered old-fashioned by younger people. Examples: wireless, groovy, gramophone, gay (in the senses of "bright", "happy", etc)

I propose that we use (dated) label for words in the third category. — Paul G 15:43, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I like the word dated it means basicly the same as obsolete except that something dated for me means something that is quite as obsolete as something obsolete. In Swedish for example both words translates to same thing in their primary sense.
 * Ah, the beauty of English, with its many subtle variations of meaning between words. In English "dated" and "obsolete" are nothing like the same.--Richardb 14:44, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * What about deprecated? In computing terminology it means that the use of something is no longer recommended and that you shouldn't use it since it might be discontinued in the next version. While a language doesn't really have versions, they do have different generations of speakers that is in some abstract meaning the same thing. --Patrik Stridvall 22:38, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The big difference is that dated words are still alive and understood (but may communicate things about you to your audience that you'd rather not communicate), while obsolete words are door-nail dead. People who try to use them can expect to get stared at as if they were Martians. Keffy 23:19, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, but that might say more about the starer than the staree :) --Tyranny Sue 06:46, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * "Deprecated" is not a good idea, in my opinion. Remember that "deprecate" means to frown upon (which I think is largely forgotten by those who use it in computing).  This might be a good label to have for disputed usages (such as the spelling miniscule) but I don't think it is appropriate as an indicator that a word is falling out of use. — Paul G 14:20, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * How about 'disputed'? --Tyranny Sue 06:46, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I like this set of distinctions. I'd only suggest a clarification of what a "contemporary" vs. "very old" text is.  Here's a concrete example.  While I was doing easement this weekend, I knew the legal sense and I was passingly familiar with the old-fashioned 'relief' sense.  But I was getting a bunch of corpus hits from the late 19th century where I was scratching my head and saying, "What the hell is it supposed to mean there?"  Not a single contemporary dictionary had anything enlightening to say.  It took a musty and large-ish Oxford to find out the ("arch." even then in Oxford's opinion) sense of 'garden shed'.  Books from about 1900 aren't "very old", and may even be later than the last time anybody ever used œconomy with a straight face, but I'd be surprised if you could find many English speakers who didn't specialize in Victorian literature who had any clue of the 'garden shed' sense.  Sounds like it should be a good candidate for "obsolete".  How can we tweak the policy to make it clearer what to do with such cases? Keffy 23:19, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

All of these terms express opinions. They should be based on evidence. It is not enough to simply put a tag. When you add dated quotations they speak for themselves. "Dated" is especially subjective, and I either remove it entirely or replace it with "obsolete" whenever I see it. How can we be certain that a word has ceased to be used everywhere? There can be no precise boundary between "obsolete" and "archaic", nor should there be. Roughly, I apply "archaic" to words that have not been used since before 1800 in any sense. Words can be obsoleted by policy as well as by age. When taxonomic terms are updated the old ones immediately become obsolete.

Putting a word in the category obsolete should be avoided when only some senses are obsolete. The tag at the beginning of the definition line is fine, but adding it to the category will mean that a lot of words that we use everyday end up in this category. Eclecticology 10:07, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * These tags are absolutely crucial for second language learners. Most ESL students know it's not in their best interests to go around talking like a Jacobean poet and they appreciate any advice they can get, even if it's only based on our subjective opinion.  (After all, as a group we're pretty representative of the people who'll be forming subjective opinions on whether the learner talks like a stuck-up prig.)  And I'm fairly optimistic that our "subjective opinions" will settle down into a reasonably accurate representation of reality.
 * Sure, it would be nice if we could be 100% sure that word X has never been used in writing since 1902 and base our judgments of obsolescence on that. Unfortunately, the resources to do that exist only under lock and key in the lexicography departments of private publishers.  Fortunately, we have the next best thing:  the massed judgments of a horde of native speakers from every major dialect area and the mechanisms to make use of those judgments.
 * Editors don't "simply put a tag" without evidence. They add it to a word that they have never seen used (except possibly in old books) in all their decades of using English all day, every day.  That's powerful evidence.  True, sometimes it'll lead to a conclusion that doesn't generalize to the rest of the English-speaking world, but we have a standard safety-valve for that.  Any other editor can say, "What the @!*%. I use that word all the time," and remove the tag.  We don't need to get every tagging right the first time or to ominously warn editors away from the tags unless they've got the solidest possible evidence.  (If we applied that philosophy to everything else in Wiktionary, we'd have nothing but blank pages.)  All we need is to avoid pointless arguments and potential edit-wars by making sure everyone has the same understanding of what "archaic", "obsolete", and "dated" mean.
 * On not branding an entire word as obsolete because of one sense: absolutely.  I never saw the point of that. Keffy 02:39, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I like the idea of another category/tag, such as "dated". I'm moving Paul G's suggestion into the Draft Policy.--Richardb 14:58, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * But, I also wonder if we can't come up with a slightly better word. (Not deprecated!). Could we simply use "Old Fashioned" or "Out of Fashion", or even "unfashionable", well indicating that the word should not be used by people who want to appear current, but can happily be used by people who are not so concerned with what is current. Perhaps we could even go so far as to tag the word something like "Unfashionable, UK c.1990", meaning it became unfashionable in the UK from around 1990". But we would just use the CATEGORY of "unfashionable".

 * You could also use the word "dated" in the same manner. But I do feel unfashionable is a more precise, clear definition of what we are trying to convey, without being willing to go to the barricades over it.--Richardb 14:58, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No, we should not use unfashionable or old-fashioned because they carry much more charge and are more POV than the term dated. — V-ball 16:33, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Being unfashionable and deprecated are to a large part orthognal issues. Unfashionable means that people, especially the younger generation, doesn't use the word for almost entirely subjective reasons. Deprecated hints that there is at least some logical reason that the word shouldn't be used. Either because of that
 * The etymology suggests that a particular spelling is illogical
 * The pronouncation suggests that a particular spelling is illogical
 * The word is ambiguous and there are other more exact words that are recommended to be choosen instead depending on what you mean.

 * I'm sure there are more similar reasons. Also note that deprecated expresses the hope that the word or spelling of the word eventually will be unfashionable as well in which case it become dated and much further in the future eventually obsolete. --Patrik Stridvall 12:20, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Finer distinctions The obsolete category includes quite a range. At one end we have early middle English (the period before Chaucer) which does need a little special prpearation before it can be read. Then Chaucer, and many people do learn how to read it in school, and then early modern.

But the distinction obsolete also includes shakespeare. And the examples given remained in poetic use through the nineteenth century. A typical dictionary note for some of this is "obsolete or poetical". "And such as Chaucer is, shall Milton be."--Pope DGGD 09:19, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Rare
What about rare? Is that also part of this category of tags for words or senses? — Vildricianus 14:39, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a separate issue. A word can be rare and extant, rare and dated, rare and archaic, or rare and obsolete.  In other words, the rarity of the word is unrelated to the degree to which it is still in use. — Paul G 11:25, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I like marking words as rare at all. If you consider rare as a orthogonal issue to archaic, obsolete and dated, words or rather specific senses of words that in some meaning can be considered rare, probably are or was commonly used in a specific field of study. That is they are only rare outside some kind of special context like 19th century medicine.

 * Wouldn't it be better that instead of marking a sense as rare to instead of spliting the sense in two. One with the orginal meaning, that since its rare in common use probably is marked archaic, obsolete or dated. And one that is marked with the specific field of study with a more exact definition and also independently of the first sense marked as archaic, obsolete or dated.

 * I'm sure there are words that are obsolete in the original sense but was used by 19th century medicical specialists that nowadays are consider dated by modern medical specialist even though they might understand what it means. They are probably entirely unaware of the original obsolete sense though. In short, marking words as rare usually raises more questions than it gives answers. --Patrik Stridvall 10:41, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I like the appellation. Certain of the words I have entered are very uncommon e.g. nicholaism had three hits on google, and scrofulide had two hits in English and a few dictionary definitions which were not helpful at all (there were other hits in French). When looking for scrofulide, I then found it used in certain medical text books on the google book search. For me, the connotation rare would show users that the word is current English, but very uncommon. In my view, archaic is archaic, dated is dated and obsolete is obsolete. I think the argument against using it is that what is rare is a subjective finding, and that is the biggest drawback to using it as a tag. Regards Andrew massyn 11:36, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Words that describe concepts that are in themselves rare topics of discussion doesn't really matter if you mark them as rare or not. The point of usage markings is to tell any potential user that they should prefer other words instead if they want to write something that other people will understand. However, if they are no other words that describe the concept, you have the use that word, rare or not. Futhermore, since the markings are based on some sort of subjective consensus, markings to that kind of words will be very unreliable since few people have seen them and thus can give opinions regarding them.

 * As for the words mentioned above. Well, the usage markings are recommendations when you write and it would be more useful to mark them with the context where they are used instead. Futhermore they probably should have such markings for all senses and that kind of words should never be used unless you know your audience. --Patrik Stridvall 01:46, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A useful thing to do (though I don't think a "rare" tag is the way to do it) is to mark words that are rare relative to some related word. I'm getting around to working on the requested word liturgic, which is outnumbered by liturgical by over 50 to 1, on both Google and in the Gutenberg texts.  People who are unfamiliar with either word should have a way to know that liturgical is the one to use. Keffy 03:13, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Why not mark liturgic as deprecated (frowned upon) like

 * 1) (deprecated) liturgical
 * This should tell everybody that the favoured word is liturgical. The same should probably be done with miniscule as well as suggested by Paul above.

 * As for nicholaism, well, since it is a concept that seems to carry conotations that are no other word is likely the do, my suggestion is that we mark it as obscure meaning that it probably should rewritten using other words and if used the meaning should be explained in a parenthesis since even people with a Th.D., while perhaps have seen the word before, might not be 100% sure what it means without looking it up. The same probably goes for many of the phobias for the same reasons. --Patrik Stridvall 11:52, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

historical

 * The dictionary label for a word whose referent has gone obsolete is (historical). —Muke Tever 23:40, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (posted in Beer Parlour).

Do we need to take account of this too ?--Richardb 04:19, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Obsolete-sense
An idea of mine is to create in order to separate entirely obsolete terms from those who are still in use but who have other senses that have disappeared from general usage. This would then have a different category. — Vildricianus 09:34, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Or possibly the opposite "obsolete-word" or something similar since its more normal to have an obsolete sense than that the entire word is obsolete. It will probably keep down the number of mistakes tired or ignorant users will make as well. --Patrik Stridvall 12:04, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, agreed. — Vildricianus 10:51, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

obsolete, degrees of
The examples given dhpew different degrees yclept has been used through the 16th century in works trying tfor archaisism, such as Malory, and have remained in semi-jocular or jocular use sense since, and probably would be more or less understood  by at least some general readers since they do occur but rarely in modern books.DGGD 07:04, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I have to second this view. I have seen yclept used twice in contemporary writing, and also heard it used in informal speech, each time the user clearly expecting to be understood. That is a particularly poor example of an obsolete word. Should also note that Wycleff Jeans first name is merely a variant spelling of yclept. -- Cimon Avaro 19:35, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Unfashionable/Dated
The heading Unfashionable/Dated, and references to it, should be changed to Dated since that the relevant template. Unfashionable should only remain if necessary as part of the definition, so as not to give the impression that it should be used. —Saltmarsh 11:37, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Um, so essentially, appears before words so that we can indicate to readers that the word shouldn't be used? (Am I reading this correctly?)--Tyranny Sue 06:41, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Almost. We try not to tell readers how they should speak, but if someone wants to avoid using dated language, then yes, he or she would be well to avoid using words marked "(dated)". —Rod (A. Smith) 14:15, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Ah, but there's the danger that what seems 'dated' in one region (or amongst one group) may be completely acceptable to another regional (or cultural) group.

 * I think we should be really careful using any labels that have subjective (especially pejorative) content (like 'dated' or 'unfashionable'). I'd like to think we could come up with more objective qualifiers. (It might be a safer policy to just include a usage note saying something like "This term may be considered old-fashioned in some areas" and/or possibly specify the area.)

 * For example, 'shat' (p.t. of 'shit') was previously labelled 'dated', though it's not 'unfashionable' (etc) in my region/group at all, it's totally acceptable, whereas 'shit' as p.t. makes the speaker sound (to me) poorly educated. Wouldn't people want to avoid using poorly-educated-sounding language? (Though if the entry for 'shit, p.t.' was labelled "uneducated", surely there'd be uproar from those to whom it sounds correct/normal?) (Another example is 'spat' as p.t., which apparently sounds 'formal', possibly 'dated', to some Americans, but conversely 'spit' as p.t. sounds uneducated/incorrect in my region/group.)

 * I think these different perspectives on words really need to be considered before any (subjective) labels are used, and when they are used they should be used with mindfulness of (& sensitivity to) possible region/group-specificty.--Tyranny Sue 14:17, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Endorse policy and suggestions for nomenclature
This is an excellent policy. I have tried to link words from quotations in my wikipedia articles to wiktionary but been unable to do so because the proper obsolete definition did not exist. If wikiepdia is (eventually) supposed to be more comprehensive than Britannica, wouldn't wiktionary aim to be at least, if not more, comprehensive than the OED?

Why not simply retain the OED's system of nomenclature, by the way? It is the one with which the majority of English dictionary fanatics would be most familiar (and I assume those are the people contributing to the English wikitionary). "Obsolete" indicates a definition no longer in general use and "rare" indicates a definition infrequently used, even during the word's heyday. They have many other categories, but these are the two most important ones for this discussion, I believe. Awadewit 09:13, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Linking to archaic synonyms?
Is it OK to link to archaic synonyms? For example, I added aught to the synonyms for the cardinal number zero. --DavidBiesack 14:29, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that's fine, but it might be good to tag them as archaic. (Something like should be fine.) —Ruakh TALK 20:13, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Requests for deletion/Others - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of July 2008. 06:00, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Examples for (obsolete)
The only example listed for words marked as (obsolete) is zyxt. However, that word is currently only defined in Middle English, not as an obsolete English word. Are there other pages that actually use (obsolete), or the tag itself obsolete? Bungeh (talk) 05:36, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Can obsolete terms actually exist here
This is a question I think we should ask, about whether or not it is factually correct to label ANY term as 'obsolete'. I altered Appendix:Glossary with this edit which I would like to draw attention to as the wording could use improvement. 'Common' may not be the correct adjective. I'm looking for input on this.

We need some modifier though because 'no longer in use' can NOT be factually correct. When we add a definition to wiktionary, we USE that definition. When people discuss old definitions, they USE them.

Termes like 'archaic' (strong) and 'dated' (weak) are GOOD, because they are not absolute. Things can be more dated than others (very dated things are archaic) and things can be more archaic than others. But 1 'obsolete' term can not be 'more obsolete' than another 'obsolete' term.

The only truly obsolete term could be one that we don't have a definition for here, or a word so long ago defined, and never updated, and never read, that it is impossible.

Assuming we judge robot reading of words not 'using' them, the only way to actually label an obsolete word is to have a robot do it automatically somehow. We can never correctly call a word obsolete, as in doing so, we use it, and make non-obsolete.

I'm all for having more than 2 categories denoting obscurity, but I think we should find a different term for the tier. Like perhaps 'ancient' (strongest), 'archaic' (strong) and 'dated' (weak). Etym (talk) 09:52, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Re: "When we add a definition to wiktionary, we USE that definition": Nonsense. See Use–mention distinction. —Ruakh TALK 15:17, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Doubts about some of the definitions or recommendations
I'm a bit dubious about some of the definitions or recommendations given here. Are they being used as traditional dictionaries use them, or is this just "how the editors feel"? For example:
 * Dated/unfasionable/old-fasioned: To me,"dated" seems more perjorative than "old-fasioned", not less. "Old-fasioned" to me is a relatively neutral description of something that resembles the way things used to be done.  It may even have positive associations.  "Dated", on the other hand, even more than "unfasionable" seems to imply something that ought to have modernised, but hasn't.  (Consider a non-linguistic example: if a restaurant was described as "old-fasioned" that could be a neutral or even positive description, evoking nostalgia, or a less corporate identity, etc.  But if it was described as "dated", that would definitely be negative).  I also dispute some of the specific examples used: I'm not sure that "gramaphone" is a dated term for a record player, so much as the term for a particular type of old-fasioned record player.
 * Obsolete/Archaic: As a couple of other people have said, "obsolete" doesn't really have anything to do with age - it just means that word (or meaning) isn't used any more. Technical terms, for example, can become obsolete overnight if a new set of definitions are issued.  "Archaic" on the other hand does imply very old, and not usually used except in historic contexts, or people imitating historic contexts.  62.172.108.24 10:34, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

obsolescent
We need the category obsolescent to label words such as whom, which are still in widespread use but definitely in the process of becoming obsolete. Despite the prescriptive nonsense now in our entry on "whom" (which is much less linguistically correct than the Wikipedia article), the word has been dying since before Shakespeare's time and is regularly used incorrectly already by Shakespeare and even more often by today's journalists (except in very few publications). Very, very few intellectuals use the word correctly almost all of the time. Most intellectuals and all snobs regularly use it incorrectly because the word is completely obsolete in the speech of more than 99% of native English speakers. Nevertheless, any attempt to label the word as "archaic except in stilted writing" or even as dated or old-fashioned would no doubt cause edit wars in entries on this and similar words. --Espoo (talk) 14:14, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Even then it would still only become archaic, since people who may not correctly use "whom" will still be able to understand "whom" when used correctly. I don't see it ever going much farther than whence. Either way, "whom" is still known to most English speakers. Prinsgezinde (talk) 15:19, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

(rare)
The label (rare), which is seen in meo more, but not added to the Appendix:Glossary, should also be compared to obsolete and archaic --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:08, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

About Chinese and some languages like that
For Chinese and some other languages (like Vietnamese), it is difficult to define whether a word is "old enough to be considered as a foreign word (just like words in Old English and Middle English)" or "obsolete/archaic", for the spelling of such languages does not vary very much since ancient times (except probable changes in the character system). John Smith Ri (talk) 03:36, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Vietnamese has even changed the writing system in more recent past. 109.42.177.44 01:34, 11 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
durational

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to duration.

Derived terms

 * durational pattern

title: durational


text: bubbe-meise

title: bubbe-meise


text:
burrstone

Noun

 * 1) A tough, silicified limestone formerly used to make millstones. It is typified by the presence of multiple cavities that originally housed fossilized shells.

title: burrstone


text:
superficially

Adverb

 * 1) In a superficial manner; shallowly

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:ostensibly
 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:ostensibly

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Estonian: pealiskaudselt
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: superficialmente
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐπιπολαίως
 * Italian:
 * Kazakh: үстіртін
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Malagasy: harak-ambony
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu: పైపైగా

title: superficially


text:
percept

Etymology
Borrowed from, neuter of , past participle of ; see.

Noun

 * 1)  Something perceived; the object of perception.
 * 2)  A perceived object as it exists in the mind of someone perceiving it; the mental impression that is the result of perceiving something.
 * 1)  A perceived object as it exists in the mind of someone perceiving it; the mental impression that is the result of perceiving something.

title: percept