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History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1922 08 18

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scan of Australasian Radio World - Vol. 01 No. 04 - August 1936 has been utilised to create the partial content for this page and can be downloaded at this link to further extend the content and enable further text correction of this issue: | ARW 1936 08

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P.01 - Front Page
THE WIRELESS WEEKLY

A Journal Devoted to the Interests of Wireless Enthusiasts both Amateur and Professional

Vol. 1 — No. 3; SYDNEY, AUGUST 18th, 1922. Price — Threepence.

Cover Photo: Sketch of Port Moresby Radio (New Guinea) V.I.A.

Advertisement: Wireless Electric Company, Beach Street, Coogee, N.S.W. We Specialise in Complete Radio Receiving Sets and all Parts. Write or Phone for Particulars. PHONE 368 & 369 RANDWICK.

P.02 - Editorial
A TALK WITH WIRELESS WEEKLY.

Were the restrictions placed by the authorities on amateur radio in Australia justified? There are very few amateurs who will tell you that they were, but a little calm reflection cannot but show that the authorities were right. From all appearances the restrictions are now about to be eased somewhat and the task of controlling the experimental work that is bound to result should be an easy one. That is because the Australian amateur has been disciplined and made to feel his position. America, they will tell you, is a paradise for the amateur. But is it? A well-informed man just back from the United States says that there is absolute pandemonium in the ether there, and any serious experimenting, in most places, has to be carried out at odd moments when there is a lull. Every kind of apparatus seems to be disturbing the ether in the evenings. The small boy with the spark coil is as numerous and energetic as the more advanced enthusiast with telephony and C.W. apparatus. In many cases the tuning is as broad as the Atlantic, and the operating can only be described as deplorable. It may be that the state of affairs has been brought about by the minority, but the fact remains that the authorities could have prevented the chaos. Why there have been occasions when important commercial stations suffered continued interference from the amateurs. Great Britain adopted the right policy and kept a tight rein on amateur activities, and now there has been a generous relaxation of restrictions there, and everybody seems satisfied. It is understood that the Australian Authorities will soon be relaxing the restrictions, and one can only hope that the experimenters will assist in maintaining some kind of order. It may be presumed that an amateur will have to pass a certain examination before being granted a transmitting license. The authorities should see that this is such that no irresponsible with but scanty knowledge can pass it. But here is a hint for the powers that be: don't penalise the little fellow with the crystal set, he can do no harm. Just charge him a nominal fee to cover the cost issuing him a license. It is up to every amateur to assist his Government, at the same time thanking his stars that we have avoided America's awful example.

Differences
DIFFERENCES. Do you know' that it is the difference between currents flowing- through your crystal detector which determines how well or how poorly the crystal operates. The operation of all crystal detectors is based on uni-directional, or one-way conductivity. If the contact wire be touching an appropriate spot on the surface of the crystal, currents will pass in one direction far more easily than in the reverse direction. If the spot be not an appropriate one, it may be found that the current flowing, may be as large or larger than before, but that it flows at about the same vali;e in either direction. There is very little difference, and therefore very poor results. Thus the ‘crystal rectifies the current, by- allowing it to flow mainly in one direction.

Wireless in Persia
WIRELESS IN PERSIA.

Wireless has proved a great boon to Persia, a country which is greatly isolated on account of its geographical position, it being hemmed in by mountains and possessing so few good roads. Persian roads are mostly mere caravan tracks, and the means of communication with the outside world are scanty. The operator in the Marconi station put up a remarkable record recently by covering a distance of 6,249 miles (nautical), and getting a clear message to the "Mantua," which was just off Melbourne.

Electricity House Ad
ELECTRICITY HOUSE 387 GEORGE STREET (OP. STRAND). TEL- 2961 CITY FOR ALL RADIO SUPPLIES. We cater specially for the amateur. Expert advice given free. All aud any Gf ar made to'order. Large Stocks always on hand. Complete Outfits from £5. HONEYCOMB COILS, from 6s. 6d. CONDENSOR PLATES, from Is. Gd. dcz Knobs, Dials, Rheostats, Switch Arms, Eboniie and Bakelite Panels, Cabinets, etc. Absents SatisfactSon Guaranteed.

Miss F. V. Wallace
AMATEURS! Let us,show yoii'how to make your own set, and economise. We stock all Parts and will give you every assistance: Country and Interstate amateurs, take advantage of our Same Day Service. Miss F. V. WALLACE, Electrical Engineer, 18 Royal Arcade (opp. Q.V. Buildings), George Street, Sydney.

5430 Miles
5430 MILES. TAHITI'S GOOD WORK. Mr. E. M. Bain, Senior Wireless Officer of the steamer "Tahiti," reports that during the trip just completed, the installation, which has given consistently excellent results, broke all records for working with San Francisco Radio. The following list shows that the high efficiency of the installation was proved night after night, by the "Tahiti," sending radiograms back over thousands of miles to the Coastal Wireless Station at the port she had left a fortnight before:— 21st July — 3546 miles, 23rd July — 4200 miles, 24th July — 4519 Miles, 26th July — 4785 miles, 28th July — 5430 miles. The "Tahiti" carries a 1½ K.W. installation supplied by Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited, and the equipment includes valve receiving sets of the panel type recently designed and manufactured in the company’s works, Sydney. This type of receiver has been fitted in ships going to all parts of the world, and has given wonderful results in every direction.

Tags: Ship Wireless Officer, E. M. Bain, AWA, SS Tahiti

Atmospherics
ATMOSPHERICS. Atmospheric disturbances are due to static discharges from clouds or moisture in the air through the aerials to earth, and are most troublesome in summer. As the particles of moisture in the atmosphere are moved about by currents of air, they pick up free charges of electricity. Under certain conditions a cloud may gather enough of these charges to produce a flash of lightning. A group of charged moisture particles passing the aerials cause a momentary current to flow by attracting opposite charges from the ground, and this passing current gives rise to the familiar crackling sound in the telephones.

Tags: Static

Thoughts of a Child
THOUGHTS OF A CHILD. Oh little crystal set, you are to me, A living fairy thing—a power to bring, The world unto my side, that I may be, Apart, yet in the midst of one great entity. Though oft I pause, and nervous pulses fret, And breaths come thick and fast, —until at last, The oft-repeated call is answered, yet I love you, though you torture, little set. And when you whisper words and music mild, My heart will scarce contain, — the joy, the pain, The aching, longing wish to know the wild, Ungoverned exultation of a child.

Tiepin Receiver
(Start Graphic Caption) Inspired by reports of small sets — The receiver of the future (Tiepin Type) — Under the microscope. (End Graphic Caption)

Transmit Speed Reduced
The speed of transmitting the two daily weather messages sent out by the Air Ministry (England), has been reduced to enable wireless amateurs stationed in the remote rural localities to accurately copy them. These reports are proving of great benefit to farmers.

Unique Menu
UNIQUE MENU. Among the most cherished possessions of Mr. Phil. Renshaw, is a menu card of a farewell dinner tendered on November 20, 1911, by the Wireless Institute of New South Wales, to Messrs W. H. Hannan (sic, Hannam) and C. Scandell (sic, Sandell), prior to their departure with the wireless section to the South Pole and Macquarie Island. The card reads:

Menu. No Relays Allowed.

1. Hors D'Oeuvres (look out for 'pherics).

2. Croute au Caviare, Olive in transformer oil.

3. Macquarie Island Trout (caught with 1½inch guy rope).

4. Suva Soup (so far only got by two members).

5. Tournedo de Boeuf Richelieu (C.Q., I.M.I., R.U.)

6. De Forest Turkey (Really Roast Penguin).

7. High Potential Ham.

8. Shellaced Asparagus.

9. Converter Jellies Polar (Bamboo), Trifle and Cream.

10. 5 K.W. Cheese.

11. Singing Spark Cigarettes.

12. Electrolytic Wines — Helix, Hock, Condenser Claret Silicon Chablis, Battery Beer, Aerial Waters, Terminal Coffee — in Leyden Jars.

To balance capacities.

Members must not overcharge their jars, otherwise they will get out of tune.

Tags: Walter Phillip Renshaw, Walter Henry Hannam, Charles Albert Sandell, Australasian Antarctic Expedition, WIA NSW, MQI - Macquarie Island

Western Electric Ad
Note these Ear Pieces Thernickel-plated brass cases are i machined to give strength where needed and to reduce weight where possible. The We3tem Electric Wireless Head Set is rigid and hard-wearing without ! being overweight. The one-piece Ask us for details. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. (AUST.) LIMITED 192 Csstlereagh Street Sydney Also at 262 Flinders Lane. Melbourne. Agents in all States and Now Zealand.
 * Special Tungsten Steel Magrets insure permanence under severe conditions ; and note the Comfortable adjustment arrangement.

End-Turns
END-TURNS. CUT THEM OUT (By Static) End-turns in an inductance are those in the unused portion which play no useful part in the working of a set. For example, supposing, you have a coil which can tune to 50.000 metres, and are using only sufficient turns to tune to 600 metres, the remainder of the coil—between the 600 and the 5000 metre positions—would not be in use, and would constitute end turns. These unused turns are directly coupled to the circuit, and, by having currents induced in them by the signal current, absorb energy from the circuit. This energy, which should help to increase the signal strength, is wasted. In addition the induced currents oppose the signal impulses, tending to damp them out and to weaken them. In crystal reception these effects are noticed in a reduced strength of signal, while in valve reception there is also a difficulty in making the valve oscillate owing to the high damping.

CORRECT VALUES. Obviously the best way to overcome these undesirable effects is to have only the correct value of induction in the circuit, and this is the process adopted notably in the case of honeycomb and basket wound coils. Honeycomb coils are made in sizes from 25 to 1,500 turns covering a range of wave-lengths from 150 to 25,000 metres, each coil tuning over a small band of wave-lengths. They usually have a plug attachment to facilitate the changing of coils when it is desired to change the band of wave-lengths received. Tuning is by means of variable condensers. It is not always desirable or convenient to substitute coils, so some other method must be adopted.

DEAD ENDING. The most usual is to dis-connect the end turns —a process known as dead-ending—by means of a dead-end switch. Where only one dead-ending point is needed, this may be merely a two point switch, but where it is necessary to deadend successive valves of the inductance, a more complicated form, such as a fan-type switch or a plug and jack arrangement is necessary. This method of dead-ending largely minimises the trouble as losses are now inductive only. Isolating end turns by short circuiting the first few of them is sometimes adopted but this is of very doubtful value, while short circuiting the whole of the end- turns should never be done, as this causes large energy losses.

For Mission Work
FOR MISSION WORK Radio broadcasting as an aid to the dissemination of the Gospel is now being considered by missionary bodies, says a London journal. By means of a single transmitting station one missionary would be able to reach remote sections of his field frequently and give encouragement to native converts. Prominent missionary workers are watching the development of radio in the expectation that the time is not far off when it will be practical for their work in distant lands. A single wire aerial is just as good for reception as a multi-wire aerial, and does not bring in so much spark interference. It is not a fact that the bigger the aerial the better the reception. The bigger aerial is only useful for long wave signals. A long aerial can be used for short wave work, but it means that a large condenser will have to be put in series with it to cut its capacity down, and that is not so efficient.

One for Brazil
ONE FOR BRAZIL. There is to be an inter-national radio central at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which will be modelled upon the plans of the big American radio station on Long Island. The station will be constructed by the International Radio Company, and a sub-station is to be built at Para.

In the Arctic
IN THE ARCTIC. A radio station has been established on Jan Mayen Island, in the Arctic Ocean. It is operated by Norwegians and communicates with English, Norwegian and Swedish meterological stations. As the island is visited by sealing and whaling vessels, this communication should be of great value to them.

P.05 - Simple Receiving Set
MAKE YOUR OWN. A SIMPLE RECEIVING SET. It is not generally, recognised with what ease and simplicity a set may be made for the reception of wireless signals, and in this article is described one which, requiring very little constructional ability, is quite efficient in operation. The cost, too, is extremely low. The tuning apparatus is known as a single-slide tuner and is constructed as follows: — Obtain a cylinder of wood or cardboard, 3 h inches in diameter and 6 inches long. Make sure that this is thoroughly dry, and Fig 1 give it several good -_ts of shellac varnish. If a tube is used, cut two circular pieces from \ inch wood to fit tightly in the ends of the tube, and fasten them there with glue, or by driving small tacks through the tube. The cylinder is now wound full with 22 or 24 guages enamelled wire, commencing and finishing about J an inch from the ends. At one end allow about 6 inches of wire over for connections. About 3 ozs. of -wire will be required, and enamelled wire is preferred because of the ease with which the insulation may be removed 'where necessary, although silk or cotton covered wire is also suitable. This winding is well shellaced to keep it in position. Coil ends to support the coil and slider are now cut from inch wood, 4§ inches high and 4 inches wide. They are shellaced, and are screwed to the coil as shown in fig. 1 The construction of the slider presents most difficulty and as this is sold at a reasonable price—the slider and brass rod to carry it costing about 2/ it is usually better to purchase it. A strip of spring brass soldered to the base of a terminal and bent as shown in fig. 1 may be used, the size of the brass contact rod being determined by the hole in the terminal. Circular rod is not advised owing to the difficulty in making the slider run truly. Two terminals are mounted on one of the coil ends as shown, one being connected to the rod carrying the slider, and the other to one end of the coil. The other end of the coil is free. The detector consists of a crystal contained in a cup or holder, with a wire or “catwhisker” making a light contact with it. The crystal holder is made from a piece of spring brass 17/8 inches long and l inch wide. Three 1/8 inch holes are drilled mit as shown in fig. 2, the centre one to allow the holder to be fas- Fig 2 tended to a base, the others to mit of a small bolt and nut being passed through to clamp the crystal. The brass is best at right angles along the lines A, (fig. 2), the wings being about 3/8 inch apart, and the bolt and nut is put in position as shown. “The '‘catwhisker” is a piece, of bare copper wire about 24 guage, and is bent as sho'wn in fig. 3, a small insulating handle of hard rubber being fastened at one end. It is moved through a telephone terminal as shown, and this permits the contact point to be moved over the face of the crystal at will, being clamped in any desired position by means of the set screw on the terminal. The holder and terminal are mounted about 3 inches apart on shellaced wood or, preferably, ebonite, and connections are brought from them to terminals mounted on this base. For crystals, iron pyrites or magnetite Fig 3 give best general results. These may be purchased from any dealer in wireless apparatus, a good piece costing about 1/6. The range of this set is largely determined by the phones used (Continued on page 6)

Homecrafts Ad
WIRELESS SPECIALTIES - GUARANTEED & SENT ANYWHERE. Get our Catalog, SO pages, 200 illustrations. Price 7d. postpaid. ROTARY SWITCH ARMS, with Ebonite knobs. 3s. each. Postage 3d. SWITCH POINTS. Price 4d. each, post paid. SLIDERS (for Tuning Coils), 2s. Postage lid. Wireless Hook-ups 88 page Book, 157 diagrams. Post paid Is. 3d. DETECTORS (Dust-proof). Illustrated. 255. BABY (Simple and Reliable. ss. SILICON or GALENA CRYSTAL (tested). Is6d CRYSTAL CUP, with age l?d. PHONE or GRID CONDENSER. 2s. _____ ELROY. 2IS SWANSTON STREET and it is strongly advised that the j best possible be used, as with i good phones better results may j be obtained, than on a more elab- j orate and expensive set with in- | ferior phones. These wound to a i resistance of 2,0 00 ohms, or over, J are suitable and may be bought j at prices varying from 35/- and upwards a pair. The set is connected as shown in fig. 4. One terminal of the tuner is connected to the aerial, the other to earth. One terminal of the detector also connects to one terminal of the tuner. The other detector terminal is connected to one of the phone cords, while the remaining phone cord goes to the opposite terminal of the tuner. Tuning is controlled by moving the slider along the coil until loudest signals are heard. The detector is adjusted by moving the “catwhisker” over the face of the crystal until the most sensitive point is found, which is evidenced by the strength of the signals in the phones. This may be done in advance by placing a buzzer near the coil and adjusting to the sound of the buzzer. The foregoing makes a very effective set for the beginner, and has the advantage that none of it need be discarded when something elaborate is obtained. The single slide tuner is a useful piece of apparatus to the experimenter, as it can always be used as a loading coil to increase the wave-length of any other tuning coil, while a crystal detector is an essential article for experimental purposes. The circuit given is, with slight modifications, used in many of the American home sets, and is suitable for the reception of spark signals and telephony. ~ « - Fig 4
 * 3 screws. Is. 6d. Post-

How They Travel
HOW THEY TRAVEL. The velocity of wireless telegraph Signals is only slightly lower than the speed of light, which is about, 186,000 miles per second, or the equivalent of 7§ circlings of the earth per second. This was tested some years ago by an experiment carried on between the Navy Station at Arlington, and Eiffel Tower, by means of carefully timed photographic records of signals sent across the Atlantic.

The Goal
THE GOAL. “It would be fitting at this juncture to remind my listeners that Australia, in common with most of the enlightened portions of the world, possesses a very large body of tireless wireless experimenters. Scientists all whatever their daily avocation, they ' possess the qualities which lead them to tangible, while yet in their mind’s eye they see their goal. “Yes, the research being carried on, largely unheeded, in the quiet seclusion of thousands of private laboratories, variously equipped, would astonish the world were it generally known to-day.” Portion of an address by Mr. Phil. Renshaw, hon. sec. of the Wireless Institute, given by radio-phone, recently, from the premises of Amalgamated Wireless Ltd., Clarence Street, Sydney.

Trees & Aerials
TREES & AERIALS. “You may be interested to know the way I solved my trouble from trees whipping in the wind and breaking my wire,” writes a radio enthusiast to a London contemporary. “On the end of each earial beginning at the insulator I attached about fifty feet of clothes line and ran same through a, pulley on each tree and down to a heavy weight. This allows the tree to whip in the wind and the rope and the weight keeps the antenna tight at all times and I have no more broken wires.”

Rodman & Kelaher Ad
TELEPHONE: CITY NO. 802. RODMAN & KELAHER, Med seal Srsstry 107 a Eiilzabeth Street, Sydraey, lONIC MEDICATION OUTFITS. HOT AIR MACHINES. MEDICAL BATTERIES. ACCUMULATORS. X-RAY APPARATUS. SPARK COILS. ELECTRIC STERILIZERS. MAGNETOS. Beautiful Illumination with PARIAN WARE HUMPHREYS’ LIMITED, 465 George Street, Sydney. Telephone: City 3849. When one end of your aerial is connected to a tree, the strain in a high wind can be greatly reduced by inserting a spring about 1 inch by 6 inches in both the ropes, before going through the pulleys. THE BEACON: A Radio Story. The rain pattered noisily down on the galvanised iron roof, as Jim Darrow sat gazing gloomily into a fire of crackling logs that hissed and spluttered, as stray rain drops found their way down the wide chimney. Jim was a big strongly-built fellow, who, ordinarly was not troubled with fancies. But tonight he shivered and looked furtively around the bare little hut as a gust of wind made the structure creak and strain. He stooped to replace a log that had fallen on the hearth, and as he straightened up, some unseen force made him turn his head till his eyes became focussed on the uncurtained window. Jim had never before realised the loneliness of his lot, and he could not repress a violent start when a face set with wild, almost despairing, eyes appeared against the window pane. Jim did not hesitate, but stepped quickly forward and with hand on the latch, and shoulder braced against the door, shouted; ■“who’s there!” A hoarse voice gave an unintelligible reply, and Jim threw back the door to admit the rain sodden figure that stumbled over the threshold. But for the as- itance of a strong arm the
 * iranger would have fallen forward.

After being assisted to a chair in front of the fire the stranger sat dazed for a few moments, while Jim clumsily wiped the dripping hair with a towel, and tried to remove some of the drenched garments. Suddenly the new arrival started up, and, pointing to an old wireless set and practice key, which were Jim’s only hobby in this desolate place; he excitedly demanded to know if it worked. Jim modestly replied that he occasionally heard strings of dots and dashes which were too fast for him to read. The stranger, who now appeared to have almost completely recovered, adjusted the phones on his head, and while he and Jim searched for the elusive point on the crystal, he told Jim of his plight. ★ ★ ★ He was the wireless operator from a lonely Coast Station about four miles distant, and the fierce gale had blown down his aerials and completely wrecked the stat- ion. He had just been able to crawl from under the debris as the ruins started to smoulder and then burst into flames, caused, probably, by the overturning of an emergency oil lamp, which had been on his table. The worst of it was that he had just received a message from a small coastal vessel in great danger, off his station. The wireless operator had rushed blindly through the night hoping to reach the nearest township, about six miles away, and had been on the verge of collapse when he saw the reflection of Jim’s fire on the window panes. But what was that! He reached for Jim’s pencil and paper, and Jim read over his shoulder the- message that was slowly written out: “We are now making good headway, your warning beacon saved us from the rocks.” The two men silently gripped hands, and Jim felt that many of his lonely hours would now be filled with wonderful dreams, and that he had found a life-long friend.

P.08 - What They Do
'''WHAT THEY DO. Another Aspect.''' (By C. H. T. SQUIRE). Here is an aspect, of radio experimenting that seems to have escaped most of those interested. What do experimenters do with the fruits of their labours? A man of considerable experience in the science told the writer that some of the apparatus, made and used by amateurs', was little short of wonderful. They would, he said, get signals on gear that would send many experts crazy.

HOME MADE. Many of the more skilled experimenters had splendid apparatus made mostly by themselves. In a lot of cases the gear was a deal more compact than that used in commercial work, and at the same time equally, or more efficient in working. Of course such sets would not stand the knocking about that is required of the commercial apparatus. During their research work amateurs often drop across improvements, and find ways of simplifying existing gear, but the most remarkable thing is that one seldom bears about these facts.

AFTER PERFECTION. The amateur is a curious person. He will work far into the night on his set and succeed in getting it to a high state of efficiency. He then tells a few of his fellow enthusiasts of his success, and probably pulls the set to pieces, with the object of setting out afresh on the wearying searchfor perfection. Now what is wanted is a live body of technical experts to investigate these improvements and inventions, and, if they are any good, see that the person who originated them gets the benefit of his work. The amateur, by the way, should keep careful record of anything he. does. It might be worth his while.

Squealing
'''SQUEALING. A VALVE TROUBLE.'''

When the regenerative effect is too strong, it is sometimes noticed in an oscillating receiver that “squeals,” “rattles” or “clicks.” are heard in the telephone receiver. This only occurs when a grid condenser is used, and is caused by the periodic starting and stopping of the oscillation. When the oscillation starts, the grid acquires a negative charge, and as the grid grows more negative, the regenerative effect is weakened, and the oscillation finally dies out. The grid and the grid condenser, then discharge through the grid leak, and when the potential of the grid rises sufficiently to restore the regenerative effect of the valve, the oscillation builds up again. When this action occurs slowly and repeatedly a click in the telephone receiver is heard. When the occurrence is more rapid, the click becomes a rattle;; if more rapid Still, a- musical pitch is reached and the familiar squeal is heard; and finally the oscillations may occur so frequently as to cause an effect above-the limit of audibility. High capacity value in the grid condenser and resistance in the grid leak, slow down these oscillations. To overcome these disturbing effects, the regeneration should be reduced, as by loosening the ticL- for coupling. When this leaves the circuit in too critical a state, the resistance of the grid leak should be reduced to establish stability. In operating a radio-telephone receiver with an oscillation detector valve, a 'Whistling note will be heard, if the local oscillation is somewhat out of tune with the received oscillation, is spite °f the voice modulation of the transmitter. If the tuning is gradually varied from one side of synchronism to the other, a very high note will at first appear; this will fall in pitch until it suddenly disappears and the music or speech can be heard in its place. The whistling note then _replaces the music and it riser, again to a high pitch, until the limit of audibility is passed. . the sudden appearance and disappearance of the music or speech correspond to the pulling m anc dropping out of synchronism of the local oscillation with the receiving oscillation.

Magnavox Australasia Ad
Get it by Wireless: THE RADIO MAGNAVQX Breaks the restraints and restrictions which confine the use and enjoyment of Radio to the technical expert and the man wearing the Head Set. The Radio iMlagraavoss s The Re-ps’oducer with the SVlovabSc Coil gives volume without distortion. With THE RADIO MAGNAVOX, wireless entertainment in. the homo can be made a source of pleasure and the centre of attraction for any family or social gathering. No Mead Sets are Necessary. Inquiries invited on any Radio problem or special apparatus. Call, write, or phone, MAGNAVOX AUSTRALASIA, 17 THE BANKING HOUSE,, 228 PITT STPEE'iVSYDNEY. Phono City 3710.

Anglo-American Book Shop
Anglo-American Book Shop. WILLI Ams AND SON (late Hallarns). Q.V. BUILDINGS, 459 GEORGE STREET, SY DM EY. All the Latest Wifeless Books sir Magazines in stock, posted anywii

Cheap Insulator
A cheap and fairly efficient insulator for a receiving aerial may be made from a large wooden spool or reel. First bake the spool in an oven, to drive off ail moisture, and then soak m melted paraffin. Bake again, and finally give a good coat of shellac. Two such spools in series, quite, a good, insulation.

P.09 - Star Radio Batteries Ad
STAR RADIO BATTERIES The most important part of a Radio Set is the Battery, and SPECIAL STAR BATTERIES are being Manufactured for this purpose. Our New Service Station at 43-45 Wentworth Avenue is equipped with a New and Up-to-Date Plant for Charging and Repairing all Batteries, and a number of Special Service Batteries are always in Stock (fully charged), for the convenience of clients. A Nominal Charge is made for the use of a Service Battery during the time the repair or re-charging is being completed. Full Particulars and Prices on application. STAR BATTERIES LIMITED Storage Battery Manufacturers. Head Office and Service Station: 43-45 Wentworth Avenue, Sydney. No Radio Set is Complete or Up-to-Date without a Star Radio Battery.

The Busy Pen
THE BUSY PEN. “Wimmera,” Alfred St., N. Sydney, Aug. 12th, 1922. The Editor Wireless Weekly Sydney. Dear Sir, I would be obliged if you would give publication to tha following statement. At the meeting held by the delegates from the various Wireless Clubs of N.S.W. at the Wireless Institute s Rooms on Friday last, reference was made to the fact that delegates from my Club were absent. In answer to that reference, my Club wish me to make the following facts known: The reason for our non-attendance at the meeting was that no invitation was tendered to our Club* to send delegates, yet the Illawarra Club was represented, and they have only been in existence about a fortnight, according to reports. In our opinion the Institute was not justified in making such a statement about our absence, and if there is any reason, or reasons why we as a Club should not have been invited to the meeting, which I believe, was supposed to have represented the Clubs of the State, we would like to hear of them, as we do not know of any ourselves.” Yours faithfully, M. RICH, Hon. Sec., N. Sydney Radio Clu’

Inter-valve Coupling
The i-npedence of an inter-valve coupling should at least equal the impedence of the tube itself.

Lightning Service
LIGHTNING SERVICE What is known as “Lightning Wireless service’’ was inaugurated recently between Berlin and Hamburg. The dispatches are to take precedence at a tenfold rate over all other wireless traffic, and the personnel has orders to speed up the lightning service. The first message was filed in the main telegraph office at Berlin at 9 o’clock in the morning, transmitted at 9.03, receipt acknowledged at 0.05, and telephoned to addressee at 9.10.

New York Electrical Contractors
When the New York State Association of Electrical Contractors and Dealers held its annual banquet, the after-dinner speeches consisted of a half-hour of musical entertainment by the radio-phone.

Concert Programme
MUSIC IN THE AIR - CONCERT PROGRAMME. For next Sunday, August 20th, the following Pathe records will be played for Mr. Maclurcan’s concert, starting at 7.30 p.m.: Fox-Trot: "Ilo." Hawaiian Guitar: "My Land of Memory." Soprano: "Madam Butterfly," Claudia Muzio. Piano: "Fifth Mazurka in A" (Godard). Xylophone: "Snowdrops." 8 p.m. Code Practice in C.W. and Buzzer. Fox-Trot: "Canadian Capers." Tenor: "La Boheme," Constantino. Hawaiian Guitar: "Hawaiian Nights" Waltz. Cello: "Romance Sans Paroles," Joseph Hoffman. God Save the King!

Tags: 2CM - Charles Dansie Maclurcan

Another Low Power Record
'''Another Low Power Record. MR. MACLURCAN AGAIN.''' In reading some cf the latest American Wireless Magazines, one is struck with the interest taken in the tremendous distances covered by amateur low power transmitting stations. As viewed from the point of view of two years ago, today's achievements are impossible, yet once again the impossible has been accomplished by the rapid advance of science. Mr. Charles Maclurcan, of Strathfield has been breaking records with his low power transmitter for some time past, but his latest achievement is so very remarkable that, it makes us wonder if the day is so very far off when we can transmit our thoughts one to another at will. A few weeks ago Mr. Maclurcan conducted some experiments with Mr. Tuson, the operator on the s.s. Ulimaroa, while this boat was proceeding from Sydney to Auckland. The power used by Mr. Maclurcan was 8.75 watts, and he was heard and read by Mr. Tuson at the wharf at Auckland. Further, we have just learnt that his speech was heard by a New Zealand station; This result in itself places Mr. Maclurcan amongst the very front rank of the army of wireless enthusiasts in the world, but his latest record makes even the New Zealand tests ancient history. By courtesy of the Amalgamated Wireless (Aust.) Ltd., Mr. Maclurcan has been conducting a test with Mr. Dixon, wireless operator on the s.s. Montoro. During this week Mr. Dixon wired Mr. Maclurcan that he was leaving Thursday Island for Darwin, and to send as per arrangement. Accordingly, Mr. Maclurcan did so, and has just received a wire stating that the C.W. signals were heard at Darwin, a distance approximately of 2,100 miles. Mr. Dixon was using a single expanse B valve with the ship's standard equipment. The message was unreadable on account of severe static disturbances, but was sufficiently strong to enable Mr. Dixon to be assured that he heard Mr. Maclurcan, and could have read him had the atmospheric conditions been more normal. It should be borne in mind that this distance of 2,100 miles is wholly overland, which fact makes the result all the more satisfactory. If instead of using a single valve, amplification was employed, there is little doubt that anyone with a wireless receiving station could be reasonably assured of hearing Mr. Maclurcan almost any time he is sending. The power used at the transmitting end was only 8.25 watts. To the wireless man this speaks volumes, but to the uninitiated it might be pointed out that a single 16 candle power electric light uses 20 watts, they can draw their own conclusions. This article would not be complete if due credit was not given to Mr. Dixon for the thorough knowledge he must have of his receiver and the diligent zeal he has displayed in making possible this record.

Tags: 2CM - Charles Dansie Maclurcan, Ship Wireless Officer, A. L. Dixon, AWA

Wave Meter
WAVE METER This is a diagram of a wave meter, which may be used to time both the transmitter and receiver. The condenser used is either a Mesco No. 294, or Murdock No. 36 6. The Key and Buzzer are procurable at most radio shops. A wave meter is an essential instrument in every amateur station and will save the experimenter a lot of searching to pick up the wave length required. When transmitting licenses are granted in self-protection, the experimenter will have to instal a wave meter; get busy now, the time is drawing near when you will need it.

N.S.W. Bookstal Co
WIRELESS BOOKS. Consolidated Radio Call Book, 10s. Design Data for Radio-Transmitters and Receivers (by Sleeper), 4s 6d. Wireless Marconi Military Pace Stations. Technical Description, 2s. Handbook for Wireless Operators (Licensed H.M. Postmaster-General), 2s. 6d. _ Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. Fully illustrated, 2s. The Maintenance of Wireless Telegraph Apparatus ("Harris), 3s 9d. N.S.W. Bookstal Company, Ltd., 476 George Street.

Electrical Utilities Supply Coy
RADIO SETS and Parts to make them Send for Price Lists. ELECTRICAL UTILITIES SUPPLY COY- -605 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

P.11 - Round the Clubs
Round the Clubs. Reports of club meetings and activities will be found under this heading. The Secretaries of the various bodies are invited to send along such reports for publication. Brevity will be appreciated. Manuscript should reach the Editor, Box 378, G.P.0., Sydney, not later than Tuesday in each week for insertion in the following Friday’s issue. At the second meeting of the Illawarra Radio Club, at the Carlton School of Arts, a number of new members were enlisted. The main item of business was a discussion on the proposed Club Rules, as drafted by the Committee, and these, subject to some slight amendments, were passed and adopted by the members. A feature of the evening was an address by Mr. R. C. Marsden (of the M.R.C.) who touched on many matters of importance and interest to amateurs, particularly as to the probable outcome of the present negotiations with the Government. He also stressed the need for a united association of radio bodies for the control of amateur wireless. The speaker concluded by replying to various questions put by the members, and was accorded a vote of thanks for his interesting address. The main matters of business in connection with the formation of this club having been disposed of, it is proposed at future meetings to introduce something of a more practical nature, and to this end the Technical Committee are arranging for lectures and demonstrations. Members may also avail themselves of buzzer practice from 7.30 to 8 p.m. on meeting nights.

P.11 - Reaches N.Z.
REACHES N.Z. - AMATEUR’S TRIUMPH.

Full details have now come to hand regarding the test recently carried out with New Zealand by Mr. Charles Maclurcan of Strathfield, Sydney. Commencing on the night of July Ist, and for the six nights following, Mr. Maclurcan transmitted speech and telegraph from Strathfield, using a plate input power varying from 8.1 watts to 8.7 watts. N.Z. GETS IT. Although considered by most radio enthusiasts to be impossible, the C. W. signals were picked up in New Zealand in good readable strength, using but one valve for reception. The operator on the S.S. Ulimaroa also received the signals whilst in Auckland Harbour. On July 4th at a distance of 1,100 miles he reported as follows: — C.W. received strength 4. Tonic Train received strength 3. Speech audible at times. A single Expanse “B” valve was used for reception. On July 5, whilst in port at Auckland he received the C.W. slightly louder than the previous night. LAND STATION REPORT. The New Zealand land station reported as follows: July 5. 11.30. p.m. received C.W. Strength 5. July 6. 11.40 received C.W. Strength 5/6. 11.50 p.m. received C.W. message to Ulimaroa. July 7. 11.33 to 58 p.m. received C.W. Strength 6. Tonic Train strength 5, speech strength 2. A single valve reaction circuit was used for reception. From all accounts Mr. Maclurcan achieved a world’s record follow power transmission by this feat. His expert knowledge ana hard and exacting work have been combined in making the Strathfield station the finest amateur one in Australasia. He is to be heartily congratulated in the fine work.

P.11 - O'Sullivan's Electric Shop Ad
rr V “Yours for Everything Electrical,” For tbe Home, Factory, Works, Shops, or Ships. We aim to SeBB only the Best. Prices are made to Suit all Purses. ELECTRIC IRONS, TOASTERS, FANS, from 305., 475. 6d., 90s. Try a Course of my Cheap 50 C.P. Lamps, only 1 3. 13/6 Doz. All Guaranteed and Tested.

P.12 - Station Calls
STATION CALLS. SHIPS STATION, GREAT BRITAIN.

Aba G.D.S.W., Abadesa Z.A.Z., Abaric Y.J.C., Abbassieh Z.T.H., Aberdonian Z.K.S., Aberlour E.Z.R., Abinsi M.V.P., Absia 0.F.A., Acajutha Z.H.G., Acardo G.F.P.8., Acasta 8.Q.0., Accring- ton G.D.M.J., Achatina G.F.P.D., Achilles G.D.8.C., Actor 8.0. J., Adna 8.P.Y., Addington X.F.K., Admiral Cochrane Y.Q.X., Admir- al Codrington 8.0. K., Adra Y.H.L. Admiral Hamilton G.B.Q.N. Adriatic Admiral Hastings G.C. D.R., Aeneas M.F.U., Afghan- istan L.U.T., Agadir G.C.Q.K., Agamemnon ZJK; Agapenor ZJP; Agnes Duncan Z.V.W., Aguila E.J.F., Aidan M.F.M., Ainsdale X. Airedale 0.F.T., Ajax G.U.Z., Akabo M.Z.E., Akenside G.8.W.C., Akera 0.E.5., Alatrium L.U.0., Alavcno Y.H.N., Alban G.W.W., Albania G.D.V.L., Albanian Z. 0.1., Alberta Y.J.T., Albany E.X.0., Albion G.D.Q.R., Albionstar G.C.8.D., Albistan Y. Albuera L.T.M., Alcincus Z. Alconda Y.S.L., Aldworth Z.P.F., Aleppo Z.V.U., Alert Z.U.E., Alesia Z.Q.Q., Alexandra Y.Z.H., Alexandrian Z.G.M., Alfred Calvert 8.T.U., Algeria G.8.P.T., Algerian Prince G.C.M.Y., Algorta Y.F.Y., Alice Marie G.D.W.X., Alicia X.F.8., Alness G.D.T.J., Alipore G.8.C.8., Almagro G.C.K.J., Almanzora Y.Z.K., Almeria G.8.F.P., Alpine Range Y.G.H., Alster, G.8.D.L., Aliena G.D.F.K., Alston Y.K.H., Alvardo G.C.K.L., Amalthus G.F.P.C.,. Amarapoora G.8.K.P., Amarna Y.R.D., Amasis Y.M.T., Amatonga Z.P.U., Ambassador G.X.S., Amber G.C.Q.M. Amberton Z.V.E., American Transport Z.D.P., Ampullaria G.F.P.J., Amsterdam G.P.F., Ana- mba Z.A.V., Anatina 8.P.W., An- chises M.F.W., Anchoria Y.D.E., Anchorton G.D.W.L., Ancobra Y. Ancula E.L.L., Andalu- sian X.1.C., Andalasier G.D.P.F., Andes M.R.Q., Andorinha Andree E.N.N., Anne G.C.S.X., Angelsea 8.C.R., Anglia G.C.M.K., Anglier Y.A.G., Anglo-Chilean Z. Anglo-Egyptian Y.U.M., Anglo-Mexican Y.Y.C., Anglo-Sax- on G.U.8., Angora G.C.Q.R., An- halt G.D.Y. Anomia 8.Q.M., Anslem M.D.K., Ansgir G.D.K.F., Anselma de Lar- E.J'.R., Answald G.8.Y.Z., Antigone E.U.A., Antillian Antilo- chus 'G.T.C., Antinoe G.D.M.R., Antinous Z.C.N., An-tiope G.M.X., Antrim G.P.N., Aras Y.Z.P., Ant- werp G.D.F.V. Antwerpen G.8.M.P., Apollo G.X.C., Appala- chee G.C.Q.S., Appam G.D.J., Ap- plebranch G.C.N.D., Appleleaf Z.V.1., Apsley E.U.Q., Arabic G.C.R.M., Apsleyhall 8.C.Z., Aqui- tania M.S.U., Arabian X.1.Y., Ara- bier E.0.L., Aral Z.V.F., Arabi- stan Z.M.A., Arachne Y.A.Y., Ara- fura G.8.F.V., Aragaz Z.Z.R., Ara- guaya M.8.G., Arana G.C.K.F. Arakaka Q.U.A., Arankola G.C.Q.T., Arawa M.W.E., Arbonne G.D.R.T., Archangel Z.C.P., Aron- da M.A.Z., Archimedes Y.Q.C., Architect Z.H.H., Arta G.D.F.J., Ardena GDPN; Ardenya GDQY; Ascot MKL; Ardeolo GCJ; Ardgowan X.Y.M., Asian M.K.L., ATdmore G.F.C.W., Ar- dovor G.8.X.R., Ardoyne Y.N.D., Argalia X.L.H., Ariosto X.J.8., Argonauta Y.A.A., Argyllshire G.T.J., Ariadne Alexandra E.U.A., Ariand Y.F.G., Ariadne Irene E.U.S., Arlanza G.C.Q.V., Arma- dale Castle M.Q.G., Armagh 8.M.Z., Arncliffe G.X.X., Arracan G.W.0., Arranmead Y.1.D., Arte- misia G.8.D.C., Arundel Castle G.C.Z.L. Arundel M.D.Z., Arvonia G.R.G., Assaye M. 0.0., Arzila G.C.Q.W., Ascanius M.F.V., Ashanti E.S.K., Ashtabula G.K.C., Ashwin Z.Q.X., Athenic Z.U.L.; Ashworth G:d.P.M., Asiatic G.U.X., Assiout E.R.L., Assyria G.8.J.P., Assyrian G.C.V.K., Astraea M.0.X., Astrakhan Y.8.G., Astronomer L.U.Y., Asturian E.M.G., Asturias M. 8.8., Astyailax Z.K.F., Athenia G.F.D.M. Asuncion de Larrinaga E.M.8., Athenic M.W.N., Atholl E.V.Y., Atlanten X.M.R., Atlantic City G.D.R.N., Atlantic Y.L.J., Atreus Z.K.G., Atta G.8.K.W., Atua G.D.Z.R., August Halenke E.X.N., August Wilke G.8.Z.K., Auldmuir X.E.L., Aungban Y.F.1., Austria G.8.M.T., Australia Y.S.N. Australier X.J.U., Australind G.Q.W., Austrian E.M.H., AuthorY.J.N., Ave Maria G.D.F.X., Aviemore G.D.R.Q., Avon M. 8.0., Avonmede E.P.W., Avontoun G.F.C.8., Aylesbury M.R.J., Aylestone Z.J.X., Aymeric G.8.J.V., Ayshire G.Q.A., Azeus G.D.S.P.

Sale & Exchange
SALE & EXCHANGE Three Lines (approximately 15 Words), may be inserted in this Column for 9d. Extra Lines or part thereof, at 6d, per line. FOR SALE.—One Pair Wireless ’Phones, 20U0 ohms. Guaranteed. Good order. English make, brice: 35/-. E«. 13ALLOW, Faulkner Street, Armidale, a a a

What do you want to know?
What do you want to know? Every reasonable specific query in the field of general wireless addressed to the Information Department will receive a prompt reply. While lengthy replies cannot be given to complicated questions involving extensive research or computations, this department aims to be of maximum service in supplying information as to what books or other sources may contain answers to these questions. A stamped addressed envelope must accompany each question, but the writer’s name will not be published if he so requests. Address the Information Editor, “Wireless Weekly,” Box 378, G.P.0., Sydney.

Magnavox Ad
"THE MAGNAVOX." Elsewhere in this issue appears an advertisement announceing the advent of the Radio Magnavox into Australia. The Radio MAGNA VOX is the one loudspeaker which will reproduce sounds and signals in any volume, without distortion and without injury to the apparatus. This is accomplished by means of a moveable coil (pat.), an exclusive Magnavox feature, attached to the diaphram and placed in a strong magnetic field so that the coil moves with the change in current caused by incoming signals, faithfully reproducing the slightest impulse and responding to the slightest variation.

P.12 - Publication Notes
Published by W. J. Maclardy, "Truro," Powell Street, Neutral Bay, at the Offices of W. M. Maclardy, 249 Castlereagh Street, Sydney.


text:
User:Beany Lass/sandbox

Figuring out how to do this
i might have broken something on another page and i can't find it  although it was said that it refreshed so, it should be fine i fixed it!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Beany Lass/sandbox


text:
User:DarknetQueen

DarknetQueen

title: User:DarknetQueen


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1922 08 25

Links to Issue PDFs
scan of Australasian Radio World - Vol. 01 No. 04 - August 1936 has been utilised to create the partial content for this page and can be downloaded at this link to further extend the content and enable further text correction of this issue: | ARW 1936 08

In general, only content which is required for other articles in this Wikibook has been entered here and text corrected. The material has been extensively used, inter alia, for compilation of biographical articles,  radio club articles and  station articles.

P.01 - Front Page
The Hundred per cent. Australian Radio Journal.

THE WIRELESS WEEKLY

A Journal Devoted to the Interests of Wireless Enthusiasts both Amateur and Professional

Vol. 1 — No. 4; SYDNEY, AUGUST 25th, 1922. Price — Threepence.

Cover Photo: Sketch of Antenna for New Station at Belgium (see page 4)

Advertisement: Wireless Electric Company, Beach Street, Coogee, N.S.W. We Specialise in Complete Radio Receiving Sets and all Parts. Write or Phone for Particulars. PHONE 368 & 369 RANDWICK.

Electricity House Ad
ELECTRICITY HOUSE. 387 GEORGE STREET (OP. STRAND). TEL. 2961 CITY FOR ALL RADIO SUPPLIES. We cater specially for the amateur. Expert advice given free. All and any Gear made to order. Large Stocks always on hand. Complete Outfits from £5. HONEYCOMB COILS, from 6s. 6d. CONDENSOR PLATES, from Is. 6d. doz. Knobs, Dials, Eheostats, Switch Arms, Ebonite and Bakelite Panels, Cabinets, etc. Switch Points, 2£d each. Polished English Ebonite Dials, 3s 9d each. All Crystals, 6d and Is. Crystal Cups, Is 3d each. Our Rotary Switch Arms are a decent job at 4s 6d. Sliders (for Tuning Coils), Is 9d. Terminals, 6d each. Get your name down for a Catalogue. Price 6d. Absolute Satisfaction Guaranteed.

A TALK WITH "WIRELESS WEEKLY." A couple of weeks ago we made a suggestion to the authorities, that the nightly weather reports, now sent out from Australian coast stations by Wireless telegraphy, should also be broadcasted by radiophone for the convenience of people in the country districts. Of course, it is hopeless to even think that the scheme has been considered as yet; it takes time for the average Australian politician to grasp anything in the nature of progress. But it must be done. For months past now France has been giving out weather forecasts and reports by Radiophone, realising that every Citizen, if he cares to use a simple receiving set, is entitled to the benefits of a national utility. America, too, though her wireless affairs are not all that could be desired, is in the van of progress. Even from conservative England comes a report that wireless weather reports sent out in Morse code have been slowed down so that the amateur, who is not an expert telegraphist, can intercept them. Here in Australia, the continent of wide spaces, the agriculturalist and the pastoralist are deprived of the thrice blessed gifts of science. Why? Because the authorities are not abreast of the times in these matters. It is all very well to say that the man on the land has no apparatus to receive the reports. If he knows that the reports are to be broadcasted, he will soon get the comparatively inexpensive set to receive them. It is likewise futile to say that the radiophone is not efficient, for an amateur only a few weeks back, succeeded in getting speech from his Sydney station to New Zealand, using under nine watts power. There is no reason for the authorities to delay another week. Garden Island Radio, Sydney and the Melbourne Radio are equipped with the necessary apparatus. It is the intention of “Wireless Weekly” to have questions on this subject asked, in the House of Representatives. The replies will be interesting. The Federal elections are fast approaching; the Government cannot afford to ignore or shelve such an important matter as this. SOMETHING TO DO Here is the method of roughly calculating the wave length of an aerial : W.E. in metres equals L multiplied by 4 point 6, over If point 25. “L” is the total length of the aerial in feet. The approximate wave length of an aerial is 4 h time** its length, inclusive of the lead in and ground lead. This applies To~the inverted “E” type. For the wave length of a tone “T” type, the length of the aerial is divided by two, after which the lead in and ground lead lengths arc added.

COMPETITION COUPON. To the Editor, Sir, —Herewith photograph and description of tny set as an entry for your competition. I agree to be bound by your decision, and Observe the rules of the competition.' (Name) .., (Address) (If under 18 years of age) AMATEURS! Let us show you hq&v to make your own set, and economise. We stock all Parts and will give you every assistance. Wo Specialise in all Loose Coupler Parts Country and Interstate amateurs, take advantage of our Same Day Service. Miss F. V. WALLACE, Electrical Engineer, S Royal Arcade (opp. Q.V. Buildings), George Street, Sydney. A PECULIARITY. BODY INDUCTANCL. Do you know the meaning of “body inductance?” In radio reception the body has a jueciii.m cnaracteristic of acting as an inductance of very great resistance or as a capacity of low value (says “Popular Science Siftings”). As an inductance you can obtain results by disconnecting the aerial from the apparatus and holding the aerial in one hand and touching the antenna terminal of your apparatus with the other hand. In the case of nearby broadcasting stations, where you are using the vacuum tube detector with two stages of amplification, fairly good loud reception can be obtained by placing the body in series with the antenna and the apparatus. To do so, however, is merely an experiment, and it has no value, as it materially reduces the strength of the signals. The body will exert a capacity effect if the hands are placed across certain of the terminals in your set. For instance, if you place your finger on the grid and plate terminals of your vacuum tube the body will act as a condenser, giving a slight feed-back from the plate circuit to the oscillatory circuit, and a slight increase in strength will be observed on vacuum tube sets that are not regenerative in themselves. This body capacity effect is sometimes the cause of a great deal of inconvenience, particularly in sets using vacuum tubes, where the set itself is not ground-shielded. The annoyance consists of the fact that after the operator of the set has completed the tuning arrangements and withdraws his hand, the whole* set is thrown out of adjustment. This is caused by the removal of the small amount of capacity represented by the body out of the circuit when the operator withdraws his hand. Don't try to solder your earth wire to a water pipe, its most difficult. The best plan is to hold the wire to the pipe by means of a clip. BEST SET. WHOSE IS IT? A COMPETITION. “Wireless Weekly” is conducting a competition. We are looking for the best amateur crystal set, and the best amateur valve set. Of course, it would be impracticable for us to examine the actual sets, so the judging will be on a,photograph and written description. There is no entrance fee.. All you have to do to enter a set is to get a good clear photograph of it, and send it, together with a description and details, not exceeding 200 words, and the filled out coupon on this page to the Editor, “Wireless Weekly,” Fox 378, G.P.O., Sydney. Envelopes should be endorsed “Competition.” It 'makes no difference if you made the set yourself or not. Judging will be on design, neatness and originality, and in order that the judges may have full information to work on, competitors are asked to send good photographs, and clear manuscript, written on one side of the paper only.. The prizes will be an open order to the value of one guinea, on any establishment selling wireless apparatus, for the best crystal set and best valve set. The competition will close on September 22, when all entries must be in the hands of the editor. All photographs and entries sent in become the property of the “ Wireless Weekly.” Competitors must give their full names and addresses, but if it is expressly stated these will be held confidential. In all case's, and on each and every point, the decision of the Editor shall be final. POLDHU. FAMOUS STATION CLOSES. Poldhu, probably the most famous wireless station in the world, has sent its last messages, says the London Daily Mail. M.8.D., its famous call sign for which ships’ operators have listened eagerly for the last 19 years, is now replaced by M.F.T., the sign of Clifden, the Irish station of the Marconi Company. Perched on the rock-bound coast of Cornwall, Poldhu, which has made history, was the first high-power wireless station to be built, and from here the first wireless message was sent across the Atlantic on a 2,000-metre wave- length on December 12th, 1901, to St. John’s, Newfoundland. The future of the station is not yet certain. It is probable it will be used for research work, but never again will messages from the far ends of the earth be received marked, ‘via Poldhu.”

HOW TO START AVOIDING PITFALLS BY ONE WHO HAS SUFFERED. The average man • hears a lot about “experimenters'” and “amateurs,” these days. He reads of their doings, puzzles over their technical jargon, and, perhaps wishes he too would take up this fascinating hobby. Then the problem confronts him: “How do I start?” If the prospective enthusiast has a friend already “in the game” his path will.be easy, but if not it is the. reverse. The writer caught the -radio disease from a stray technical publication and went entirely the wrong way about getting a set. Fortunately I saw a newspaper paragraph telling how and where to apply for a license, and having got a covering letter, and with permission to experiment I set about looking for apparatus. From the teennieal' book I had gleaned a very misty' idea of the parts required, and not wishing to show my Ignorance, I copied out the bit and read it to the shopkeeper. i’liO ITJ ih K ■ STARTS. . That, was all. right, but when I got the parts home my troubles commenced. I connected up, but could get no-results, and after wasting a deal of time and exhausting all my patience, I reluctantly gave up. At that moment, radio was very near to losing me. However, I pocketed my pride, went back to the shop. There was a gleam in the shopkeeper’s eyes when he saw me; I think he understood. Frankly I told him all and he kindly gave me a lot of hints and changed the parts for a nice little crystal set. He also introduced- me to some experimenters, wh© i got me into their club. At the club meetings I learned more than, anyone could from text books. WHAT TO DO, I have now reached the valve stage, and derive the maximum of pleasure from my experimenting, but I shall never forget my inglorious entry into the game. Now this is my advice to any person who washes to start experimenting. Write to the Secretary of a club and ask him to get you elected. Don’t be afraid to ask the members for advice; they were all beginners once. Write straight away for a license, and when you get it, choose your apparatus. Ask one of your club- mates what to get and let them help you instal it. Thereafter your progress should be rapid and straight forward. WE PROMISED. (By LOO NATIK). A man with a wild look in his eyes and straw in his hair bustled into the office of the “Wireless Weekly,” the other day. While waiting for the attendant to arrive he scribbled the following lines and asked the Editor to publish them. The Editor (belonging to the clan that boasts of being too proud to fight, and, incidentally being too fat to run) promised, so here you are: — T’was Christmas Day in the “Nut House” The loonies were all there, Watching a fellow patient, Tearing his flowing hair. I’ll tell you who he was, sir, And why he worried so; His name was Grid Condenser, The cause was Radio. I’ll tell you the harrowing story. And how he got put in, He tried to make a sending set, With a matchbox and a pin. There are thirty five more verses, but the Editor, now that his friend is in good hands once more, does not feel disposed to inflict them on our readers. “ * Keep your accumulators upright. Sulphuric acid has an in-desirable effect on one’s best carpet. FOR BELGIUM. Monster Station. (See Front Page). Our front page •- illustration shows the giant station the Belgian State has just started at ' Ruysselede, near Bruges. This plant, is intended to communicate with the Belgian colony in! Central Africa, as well as with North and South America. It will perhaps be the most powerful in the world. The aerial is to be supported by eight towers 0f 2 75 metres height. The power plant will consist of one 1000-kilowatt generator, with two high-frequency generators of corresponding power. One of these will be an arc generator, weighing 8 000 kilograms; the second will be a high frequency alternator of the Bethenod-Eatour system. The second of these will work at 2500 turns per minute, giving a peripheral speed of 170 metres per second for the rotor. It works in a partial vacuum to reduce the resistance. Rotor and stator are to be cooled by oil circulating under pressure. The length of waves in both instances will be from 20,000 to 25,000 metres; current on the aerial, 850 amperes. Automatic transmission at a speed of 100-120 words per minute will be employed. The building of the plant has been entrusted to the same Belgian concern that is now engaged on the Belgian stations in Central Africa. The drawing gives a view of the plant with its huge aerial as originally designed, although some modifications of this design are under way. <s— Hang the phones on a wall when you have done with them. This allows the moisture on the diaphragms to dry. Never tap the diaphragms with a pencil. Once they get bent they are useless. See that your valve circuits are not causing radiation. By this is meant, don’t experiment with e circuits until you know . : you are doing.

MAKE YOUR OWN. A LOOSE COUPLER SET. A simple and effective loose- ■coupler crystal set is shown here, and for the expenditure of a few shillings, and by following out the directions, a wireless set may be constructed, which will have a range of about 2,000 miles, with a good aerial, and a wave length of over 2,000 metres. with a set of this kind, you should have no difficulty in hearing Awanui, New Zealand, and most Australian stations, and you will be able to listen to the concerts, if favourably situated. Get two cardboard tubes, about seven inches long, and 41 inches and 4 inches in diameter respectively, and give them a good coat of shellac, first making sure that they are thoroughly dry. Wind the larger tube, the primary with 24 or 26 gauge enamelled wire, a single winding being all that is necessary, and mount the tube between two square pieces of wood, P and P’, P’ having a circular hole in it, to allow the secondary tube to slide inside the primary. A brass rod and slider are mounted on top of the primary as shown, the slider “a” making contact with the primary wire along a track from which the enamel has been carefully .scraped from the wire, so that as the slider is moved along the rod, contact is made with each wire separately. 1 A terminal is fixed on the slider rod at “x,” and another terminal is placed in a convenient position, on the other wooden end at “y,” and one end of the primary winding is connected to “y.” The other end of the primary wire is secured to the cardboard tube, but is not connected to any terminal. It is a “dead-end.” The terminal “y” is the aerial terminal, and it is here that you join your aerial wire, while “x is the earth terminal, and is to be joined to a water pipe or other suitable earth. It will be readily understood that the current from the wireless waves comes from the aerial to “y,” passes through the primary winding to the sliding contact a, in whatever position “a” may be, then along the slider rod to “x,” and so to earth. This is the complete primary circuit. By moving “a” nearer to “x” a longer length of the primary winding is brought into use, and these extra turns give you a longer wave-length. Ordinarily, with “a” about one inch along the windings from “y,” the commercial 600 metre wave length would be picked up, so that get a concert wave of say 1,400 metres, you would need to slide“a” about $ of the way along towards “x.” Now for the secondary winding, “b.” First of all, make sure that you are winding “b” in the same direction as you wound the primary, as shown by the arrows. Use No. 20 gauge silk or cotton covered wire. Begin at the left hand end, and wind for about one inch, and then make a hole in the cardboard tube underneath, and putting your hand inside, draw the wire through Inside the tube, in a long loop ready to connect to the first stud “c” on the left of the group of studs. Then wind along for about another inch, and repeat the looping of the wire, this time connecting to the second stud, and so on, until the end of the wire is fastened to the last stud. Any brass bolts and nuts may be used as studs, but be sure to leave a generous length of wire when, making your loops for connection to these, and if possible, solder the connections. A knob and switch- arm “d” are used to make contact with the studs, and are fixed as shown. The secondary is mounted on two brass rods “f,” which pass (Continued on page 6).

a Western Electric A MOST EFFICENT HEADPIECE OVER A WIDE FREQUENCY RANG! A light and comfortable, especially built Radio Accessory, designed to reproduce over a range from the low notes of a church organ to the high vibrations of a violin. You’ll find Western Electric No. 1002-c. the finest headpiece you’ve ever used. Call and inspect it, or write for particulars. WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY (AUST.) LIMITED 192 Castlereagfi Street, Sydney. 262 Flinders Lane, Melbourne. aELESS SPECIALTIES - GUARAhTEEl) & SENT ANYWHERE. Get our Catalog, 80 pages, 200 illustrations. Price 7d. post paid. POTARYSWITCH ARMS, with Ebonite knobs. 3s. each. Postage 3d. SWITCH POINTS. Price 4d. each, post paid. SLIDERS (for Tuning Coils), P s -( * d. Wireless Hook-ups 88 page Book, 157 diagrams. Post paid Is. 3d. DETECTORS (Dust- proof). Illustrated. 255. BABY (Simple and Reliable. ss. SILICON or GALENA CRYSTAL (tested). Is6d CRYSTAL CUP, with 3 screws. Is. 6d. Postage lnd. PHONE or GRID CONDENSER. 2s. ut Tlx/f^rLUi\r 21/ **U/AISJSTON STREET through the primary and secondary ends, and are secured with nut 3 as shown at “n,” one end being fastened to a small wooden upright “g.” The whole is fixed to a base-board “r,” and screwed firmly in position. The secondary is provided with two circular wooden ends, which should have been previously mentioned, the brass studs and switch-arm being mounted on one of these ends. “L” is a piece of ebonite fixed on the sides of the primary ends, and on it is mounted a simple phone condenser “K,” the construction of which will be described in the next issue, and a crystal cup “j” with a catwhisker contact. The telephones are connected to two terminals “t,t”- on the phone condenser, and the secondary circuit is completed by taking one wire from the switch on the secondary to the terminal Holding the catwhisker contact, and another wire from the beginning of the secondary end (which is otherwise a free end) to the top terminal of the telephone condenser, then connect with a short wire, or brass strip, from the crystal cup to the bottom terminal of the condenser. The wires from the secondary could be brought around through the back of the primary and then behind the ebonite panel. They are not shown on the diagram. This set is more efficient, and gives finer tuning than that described in our last issue. The loose coupler has the advantage that when the amateur goes in for valve work he can still use it in cr •■'nr-tinii with a valve panel. CHILD OF 5 MAKES A LOOSE COUPLER. Little Rex Roy, aged five years, of Sydney, has just completed a loose coupler set, with a wave ■ length up to 2,000 metres, and a very credits able job it is. He built the set absolutely unaided except for advice, and when he and his father brought the set into the city the other day, it was connected to aerials, and found to give excellent results. Rex’s chief sorrow is that he has to go to bed: before Pennant Hills sends his weather reports every evening, but daddy has strict instructions not to meddle with “the set.” PLATE VOLTAGE. For detector purposes a “soft/* valve is mostly used, and such valves are critical to plate voltages. In other words, one will work very well on say, twenty volts, while another will need only about eight volts. It is not a bad scheme to use a multi-point switch in order to get the correct amount of voltage in the plate circuit. It is not absolutely necessary, however, because modern valves are much: more stable in their operation than they used to be.
 * 1) ■ P.H.M c ELROY.

TELEPHONE: CITY NO. 802. RODMAN & KELAHER, Electro-Medical instrument Makers, f- lOTa EBizabeth Street, Sydney. lONIC MEDICATION OUTFITS. HOT AIR MACHINES. MEDICAL BATTERIES. ACCUMULATORS. X-RAY APPARATUS * SPARK COILS. ELECTRIC STERILIZERS. MAGNETOS. Anglo-American Book Shop. WILLIAMS AND SON (late Hallams). Q.Y. 1 UILDINGS, 459 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY. All the Latest Wireless Books and .Magazines in stock, posted anywhere. Our Radio Yarn. THE DREAM. “Well, mother, anything else 1 can get you?” Fred Ghampion, a sturdy youth of 15, smiled down at his mother, on whose pretty face sickness had put its mark. “No, thank you, Fred. I’m quite comfortable now, so you run away to your beloved wireless, and. I’ll think out a nice welcome for father when he gets home to-morrow. ’ Fred strolled down to the little shed in the back garden, where his radio outfit was housed, and sat down before the receiving panel. He had got his love of radio from his father, who was chief wireless officer on a cargo steamer trading between Australia and America. After a couple of months’ absence, the steamer bearing his father was nearing home and was due in port the. following day. Mr. Champion would be surprised to find his wife on a sick soon be about again. “But she must have no worry and no excitement,” was his warning. “I’ll see if I can pick up Dad, thought Fred, as he put on the ’phones and switched on the valve. He looked at his watch. It was eight o’clock, usually a fairly busy time, but to-night there was very little doing. A large passenger steamer, a long distance away, was talking with the coast station, some 15 miles from Fred’s home, and static bubbled and crackled
 * bed. She had been stricken down two weeks before, and for some days her life had been despaired of. She was well on the way to recovery now, however, and the doctor had said that she would
 * freely.

Suddenly, Fred started. Dots and dashes were coming in fast, and to his trained cars they formed themselves into the dreaded 5.0.5., the appeal of those in peril at sea. Fred pencilled the message, and tears were streaming down his face when it ended, for the ship in trouble was his father’s. The message that told the story was: “Struck a submerged object 2 o miles due east of Black Point. Sinking by the head; cannot remain afloat many minutes.” Fred started to rise, but, realising his helplessness, sank back in his chair again. That the vessel was in a Lad way there was no doubt. Her signals were very weak, and the young operator surmised that his father was sending on his emergency power. He listened in again. The signals had ceased, and he waited for the coast station to reply. Then Fred got the second blow of that night. The coast station had missed the S.O.S. message, and was asking for a repeat. Several times the request went forth, but there was no answer from the ship. She had either foundered or her emergency batteries had given out. How would the rescuers know where to go? It was improbable that any other station had caught the message, for they would have relayed it on to the coast station ere this. Fred stared at the message on the pad in front of him. Yes! He could telephone it to the station. Snatching off his headgear, he dashed off to the nearest public telephone and gave the message to the officer in charge of the coast station, who happend to be a friend of his father. “Right sonny,” the officer said; “we’ll get to work. Give us a ring in half an hour, and we will tell you what’s doing.” The half an hour went very slowly for Fred. He thought of his sick mother. The news would surely cause a relapse, if not worse. The next news from the station was that a fast destroyer was on her way to the scene. “If you listen in, said the officer, “you Will hear her reporting to us.” Some six hours later the white-faced youth heard the destroyer’s message: — “Searched the vicinity given thoroughly. Plenty of wreckage, including smashed lifeboats. No trace of survivors.” Heavy of heart the lad went into the house and looked into his mother’s room. “Come here, Fred,” whispered the sick woman, “I'm not feeling too well. I had such a dreadful dream, in which I saw Daddy’a ship go down.” Suddenly she started to sob violently. The sobbing ceased as the youth reached the bedside, and he' heard the faint whispef: “I’m going to join Daddy, Fred; good-bye. He died doing his duty.” 1 The frail form on the bed was very still, and the orphan pillowed his face in his hands and wept because of his great grief. Referring to the success of the recent amateur Trans-Atlantic tests an American Professor compared the picking up of the feeble signals in Scotland to the perception by eyesight of the rays of an ordinary electric bulb at a distance of 3,000 miles.

“STAR” RADIO BATTERIES s at & We manufacture Special Radio Batteries (both “ A” and “ B” type), They are recognised to be better than any imported battery, and no set is complete and up-to-date without a “ STAR” Spare Plates or Parts Supplied to amateurs desirous of making up their own batteries. Full particulars and prices on application. Batteries repaired, re-charged, and hired-out at lowest rates. STAR BATTERIES LIMITED Storage Battery Manufacturers “Hitch your Radio to a STAR.” _ 43-45 Wentworth Avenue, (Next Australian General Electric Company), Sydney. THE BUSY PEN. Mr. Allen Burrows writes: A central organisation as is at present being formed, consisting of representatives from amateur and professional wireless bodies, would have important and farreaching effects on the radio community of N.S.W. Never before has the need for such an association been more urgent. When the advantages derived from a similar organisation in America are so manifest, the pity is that it has not been done here before; if it had, conditions would probably be different to what they are now. But to reach its true objective, the association must be absolutely representative; for it to be otherwise would be unjust to those whom it excluded. Dealing with the authorities as an organisation professing to be representative of the amateurs of N.S.W., it would really only represent those whom its conditions favoured. Exactly w'hat those conditions may be is beside the point; at present, it appears they will consist of restrictions confining representation to amateurs or professionals, fortunate enought to have the opportunity of assembling in certain numbers. A smaller body of whole-hearted enthusiasts, whom circumstances prevent growing in number, are accordingly unrepresented through no fault of their own. The contention that they can always join a larger club, thereby giving themselves representation, is as unfair as the restriction itself is. The small club has as much right to retain its individuality and to make its voice heard, as that which has the advantage of numbers; or, if not as much right, if has a certain right (proportional to its size) which should be respected. After all, it is the wireless man himself that a central organisation is out to help, regardless of whether he lives in the city and is able to belong to several large clubs at once, or whether circumstances prevent him joining a body any larger than the numerous suburban clubs which are now in existence. Dear Sir, I am sure you will be interested to hear about a little experience of last week. I had occasion to visit an aged and somewhat infirm couple who live in an isolated cottage not far from the city, and found them reading the first issue of your little paper “The Wireless : Weekly,” and animatedly discussing it. The old lady told me that wireless had always fascinated her,. and only for the great expense - she would have possessed an outfit long ago. I am making her a little set as a surprise, so that she. may hear the concerts, and am sure it will be a hard task to convince her how small the expenses really is, for one who lives so close to the city. Wireless is indeed proving a great blessing and deserves all publicity it can get. “C.Q."

HETERODYNE. WHAT IT MEANS. The literal translation of the word, is “other power.” _ In its application to radio, the hetero<dyne effect is used in continuous wave telegraphy—the modern form of signalling by means of wireless. The theory* df heterodyne can perhaps be-' best explained in the followifig manner: The transmitting station will be sending out waves of a certain specific frequency, which for the purposes of illustration we may say is. 50*000. cycles per second. Now this frequency is far too high for the human ear to respond to, and it is also too high for the telephone receivers to record. The problem that had to be solved before continuous wave telegraphy became a success was how to reduce this frequency so that the telephones would record the signals and make them audible to the ears. MOST EFFICIENT. .. . The heterodyne method has been* found the most efficient, and it consists of pitting one set of high frequencies against another. In our supposititious case the incoming frequency is at the rate of 50,000 cycles per second. In order to obtain results in the telephones the operator causes his receiving set to oscillate, or, in other words, he turns it into a miniature transmitting set. He adjusts these, oscillations until they are about 49,500 cycles per second in frequency. The condition that now exists in his receiving apparatus is this: The two sets of frequencies clash with each other 500 times every second, or to put it into electrical phraseology, they are out of phase with each other 500 times each second. MUSICAL NOTE. New, every time they clash the two sets of frequencies cause a click in the telephone receiver and clicks running at the rate of 500 a second produce a very musical note. It will be readily seen that the operator, being able to control the oscillations of his receiving set, can produce any musical note he pleases, because all he has to do is to vary his own set to make the number of clashes per second anything 1 he chooses. He can, for instance, make it 100 per second or 2.000 per second. Another advantage of this system is that in the event of his being interfered with by ordinary spark signals he has a good opportunity to overcome this interference by simply making his own set produce higher frequencies than the incoming wave, and still get the same results. In other words, instead of producing oscillations at a frequency of 49,500 cycles a second, he can go to 50,500 cycles a second. — “Popular Science Siftings/’ RADIOPHONE. SIMPLE SENDING SET. In view of the fact that transmitting will soon be allowed in Australia, the following article by a writer in the “Wireless Age” should interest. — Many amateurs would like to construct small radiophones, but the numerous instruments that are used confuse them and they are afraid to build one for fear it will not work. I have built a set that is the last word in simplicity. It is very efficient and with 60 volts on the plate, will cover 5 miles very easily. I have been heard at a distance of 20 miles. A circuit diagram of the set is given in figure 1 The inductance consists of a cardboard tube 2 inches in diameter wound with 36 turns of number 16 D.C.C. wire. The wire should be wound from one end (A) and at the 19th turn a tap off (B). Seventeen more turns should be wound to make 36 turns in all. The variable condenser in shunt to the inductance has a capacity of .0005 rnfd. The plate potential can be composed of three ordinary “B” batteries connected in series, but if a few more are used, so much the better. The tap (B) is connected to the Fig. 1 positive side of the filament lighting battery. A key can be connected in this lead as shown in the diagram for continuous wave telegraphy. When using the set as a radiophone, this key must be closed. A microphone of the common land telephone type, which can be purchased very cheaply, is connected in the ground lead. Altogether this set is very simple to construct and is reliable and stable in operation. — . Keep an eye on your lead-in tube. Damp will cause bad insulation and poor signals.

WIREIESS books. Consolidated Radio Call Book. 10s. Design Data for Radio-Transmitters and Receivers (by Sleeper), 4s 6d. Wireless Marconi Military Pack Stations. Technical Description, 2 s. Handbook for Wireless Operators (Licensed H.M. Postmaster-General), 2s. 6d. Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. Fully illustrated, 2s. jThe Maintenance of Wireless Telegraph Apparatus 3s 9d. N.S.W. Bookstall Company, Ltd., 476 George Street. Beautiful Illumination with PARIAN WARE HUMPHREYS’ LIMITED, 465 George Street, Sydney. Telephone: City 3849. RADIO SETS \ and Paris to make them. Send for Price Lists. ELECTRICAL UTILITIES SUPPLY COY. 605 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY. j MUSIC IN THE AIR SUNDAY NIGHT’S CONCERT. Mr. Maclurcan’s concert, for next Sunday night, commencing at 7.30, includes the following Pathe records. If any fading of the higher notes in the vocal records is noticed, kindly report particulars to Mr. Maclurcan. Fox Trot. —“Sweet Love.” Bed Time Story. —“Three Little Pigs.” (The little ones can then go to bed.) Hawaiian Guitar. —“La Paloma.” Soprano.—“ll Secreto di Suzanne,” Claudia Muzio. Piano Solo. —“Prelude in C Sharp Minor,” Rachmaninoff. Xylophone.—“ The Little Rascal.” 8 p.m. Code Practice, C.W. and Buzzer. One Step.—“ Swanee Rose.” Hawaiian Guitar. —“Hawaiian Paradise.” Banjo.—“Parsiflage.” Baritone. —“Kashmiri Song,” from the “Indian Love Lyrics.” Baritone. —“The WTiistling Yarn,” G. H. Snazelle. Recitation. —“The Cricket Club of Red Nose Flat.” AN APPRECIATION. (By “Listener). Sunday nights are eagerly looked forward to by radio enthusiasts, both amateur and professional, throughout the State of N.S.W., and we have to thank Mr. Chas. Maclurcan for it. Through his kindly and generous nature he entertains hundreds of people with a very excellent musical programme, broadcasted from his station at Strathfield. AC 7.30 p.m. every amateur has his set tuned to 1400 metres waiting for the preliminary V’s to tune in on. And what a welcome sound it is after a week of dots and dashes! Everyone breathes a sigh of relief if the old set is working O.K. A few preliminary remarks, and then the concert programme starts. I think I am right in saying that Mr. Maclurcan is the pioneer of radio telephone concerts in this country, and the regularity of them makes his name a household word. We cannot express the enthusiasm and delight the hundreds of amateurs feel over his splendid Sunday night concerts. The “Wireless Weekly” also takes this opportunity to express appreciation oh behalf of its readers, to Mr. Maclurcan for his generous attitude towards the amateur experimenters. We hope that he will long continue to give us these much appreciated Sunday evening radio concerts. FOR THE FARMER’S OUTFITS IN SCHOOLS. In the Legislative Assembly on Tuesday night, the Minister for Education told Mr. Arkins that he would consider a scheme of installing wireless outfits at country schools, and thus giving the children a training in wireless telegraphy and at the same time disseminating valuable weather information to the surrounding farmers. “Hush,” said Dick to his small neighbour, Joe, who was permitted to watch Dick operate his wonderful crystal set, “I hear a ship!” “I suppose” said Joe, in an awe-stricken voice, “you can tell that it is a ship, by the waves”?

Get it by Wireless: THE RADIO MAGNAVOX Breaks the restraints and restrictions which confine the use and enjoyment of Radio to the technical expert and the man wearing the Head Set. Tha Radio Magnavox: The Re-producer with the Movable Coil gives volume without distortion. With THE RADIO MAGNAVOX wireless entertainment in the home can be made a source of pleasure and the centre of attraction for any family or social gathering. Wo Head Sets ar*o Necessary, Inquiries invited on any Radio prob- lem or special apparatus. Call, write, or phone, MAGNAVOX AUSTRALASIA, 17 THE BANKING HOUSE., 228 PITT STREET, SYDNEY. Phone City 3710. “Yours for Everything Electrical,” For the Home, Factory, Workr, Shops, or Ships, We aim to Sell only the Best. Prices are made to Suit all Purses. ELECTRIC IRONS, TOASTERS, FANS, from 305., 475. 6d., 90s. Try a Course of my Cheap 50 C.P. Lamps, only 1/3. 13/6 Doz. All Guaranteed and Tested. Round the Clubs. THE WAVERLEY AMATEUR RADIO CLUB. In view of its intention to instal a transmission set suitable for 1 .000 metres, is remodelling its aerial. When completed, it will consist of three wires on 10 foot spreaders, with a length of about SO feet. In addition, the aerial is being entirely re-insulated. The chief difficulty of the Club’s set now lies in the valves, which have to be imported. Mr. Maelurcan has been consulted, with the ob- ject of obtaining his opinion on the different makes. A separate night has now been e 3lotted for code practice at the Club rooms. This inauguration, n is believed, will materially as- sist members who are engaged in learning Morse. 1LLAWARRA RADIO CLUB. The Ulawarra Radio Club had a busy evening at its last meeting on 17 th inst. A le tter to the Club from the Controller of Wireless was read in reply to enquiries made as to speed tests and licenses. It was decided to make application for a permit to carry on speed tests, and Messrs. Hewett and Gorman were appointed to conduct the tests. Mr. C. Borthwick then gave an interesting talk on fundamental principles of wireless. With the as- sistance of Mr. E. G. Bailey he gave a simple demonstration of the transmission of electric waves by means of a spark coil attached to a loop. The Club’s delegates (Messrs. Hewett and Atkinson) then report- ed the result of the recent meet- ing of Club delegates, whereupon some lively discussion ensued, particularly as to the capitation fee to the proposed Association. The desirability of such an Asso- ciation was generally conceded, and the Club decided to throw in its lot with the Association, pro- vided the. fee was limited to 2/- per member, and subject to other important matters being put on a satisfactory basis at the adjourned meeting. The next Meeting of the Club will be held at the Carlton School of Arts on 31st August, at 8 p.m. Buzzer practice, 7.30 to 8. METRO CLUB! There was a well-attended meet- ing of the Metropolitan Radio Club at the Kardomah Cafe, King St., last week, when the President, Mr. R. C. Marsden, occupied the chair. The social side, which is usually such a feature of this club’.s meetings, had to be deleted on this occasion, as the time was marked out for discussion of the matters arising out of the recent Inter-Club Conference. Various views were expressed, the most vigorous discussion cen- treing round the capitation fee for the proposed wireless council for New South Wales. The delegates, Mr. Marsden and Mr. Best, were instructed not to consent to more than 1/- per head for each mem- ber. The members of the club were unanimous in their praise of Mr. Maclurcan’s kindness in sending out the concerts, and a vote of ap- preciation was carried. Mr. Palm- ar gave a talk on batteries, which was much appreciated.

SALE & EXCHANGE Three Lines (approximately, 15 Words), may be inserted in this Column for 9d. Extra Lines or part thereof, at 6d per line. FOR SALE.— Crystal set; L. coupler, detector, Ph. cond. and ’phones. Apply N. J. Hurll, Northcotc Av., Killara. Phone Jlll3. Has anyone a good 6-volt accumulator for sale? Price, etc., A. Pickering, Wigram St., Harris Park. WANTED—A Post Office Resistance Box. C. Maclurcan, St athfield. 9 9 9 a ■ ■ What do you want to know? Every reasonable specific Query in the field of general wireless ad- dressed to the Information Depart- ment will receive a prompt reply. While lengthy replies cannot be given to complicated questions in- volving extensive research or com- putations, this department aims to j© of maximum ..ervice in supply- ing information as to what books or other sources may contain answers to these questions. A stamped addressed envelope must accompany each question, but the writer’s name will not be pub- lished if he so requests. Address the Information Editor, ‘Wireless Weekly,” Box 378, G.P.0., Sydney. STATION CALLS. SHIPS STATIONS. GREAT BRITAIN. Backworth, GCBZ; Badenia, GB- ZD; Badagry, YEC; Bahadur; XTK; Bahia Castillo, GBSC; Baldina, XXE; Balderton, GDQC; Ballarat, GFBL; Balfe, GCQB; Ballena, GC- YF; Ballycotton, GFLW; Balmoral, GFQP; Ballygally Head, GBRK; Balranald, GFBM; Balmoral Castle, MPW; Baltabor, GDLB; Baltamar, GDXK; Baltannic, GDWM. Baltic, MBC; Baltriger, GDXC; Baluchistan, LXK; Balzac, GC- SZ; Bamora, MST; Bampton, LSQ; Bampton Castle, YBF; Banca, MFS; Banchory, ZQS; Bandon, GDVL; Bandra, MCH; Banffshire, GVM; Bangala, GAC; Bankdaic, ENF; Bankura, GCH; Baradine, GFBN; Barala, GCM; Barbadian, GBQM: Bardic, BEM; Barima, ZNB; Barjora, GCT; Barlby, BTT; Barmoor, EZL; Baroda, GDL; Ilaron Ailsa, XES. Baron Ardrossan MWW; Bar- on Berwick MSS; Baron Blantyre XLN;, Baron Cathcart ZRI; Bar- on Cawdor GBTZ; Baron Douglas ODD;,Baron Elcho ZPP; Baron- esa ZQA; Baron Fairlie LUZ; Baron Garioch GBNC; Baron Inch- cape BAU; Baron Jedburgh MGD; Baron Kelvin EOT; Baron Minto YEK; Baron Napier MJS; Baron Polwarth BRB; Baron Renfrew ZOQ; Baron Sempill ZFP; Bar- otse ZPR; Barpeta MPR; Bassa YYJ. Barrabool GFBP; Barranca MLL; Bassan ZMJ; Barrymore GBDT; Bassano YQA; Balta GBST; Bat- anga YEB; Bathurst GBMP; Bats- ford ZXL; Bavarian ZTU; Bayano GMK; Bayford BEL; Baychimo GDWK; Bay cross ZYZ; Baygola ZXW; Baydouglas ETU; Baygow- an ZVY; Baylula BAF; Bayhowel lATW; Baymano YHX; Bayman- ter BAD; Baymingo YHP; Bayra- mento YCW; Baysarnia YNW; Baysarua EQO; Baytigern ESP; Bawerdun ZXX; Beacon Grange GCQL; Belgic ZXC; Bearwood GFCD; Bearerton XTO; Becken- ham EWU; Beechleaf EZG; Beechpark GCBR; Beechwood YAE. Belgian GCNM; Belgravian OEK; Belize BEO; Bellerby ESY; Bellerophon GTD; Bellfield YDZ; Bellglade BKR; Belltown ZCD; Beltana MKR; Bembridge YKX; Bempton GDMB; Benalder ENS; Bcnalla GBJ; Benarty YLT; Benavon EJD; Benclench ZZA; Bendigo GFBQ; Bendoran YEM; Bendu ZME; Benedict ZKY; Bene- factor MOE; Bengloe YVA; Ben- guela ZMQ; Benin ZMR; Ben- ia wers YJS; Benledi YLU. Benlomond LTC; Benmohr BDO; Ben Nevis GYX; Benrinnes EKC; Benne ZMFj Benvenpe EPQ; Benwood YCA; Ben Voilich GCFB; Berbice GIF; Bereby YDC; Berkut GBTR; Bermuda GBUJ; Bernini XFE; Berriedale LUI; Berrima YWR; Berwick- shire YZS; Berwindvale GCQX; Betwa BUZ; Bliamo GWAJ Bhara- ta GAD; Biela YNC; Biafra YGF; Biarritz EZN; Bisley YCB; Dide- ford BOA; Bilbster BUC; Binficld GBMV; Bithina YJX; Bittern GBXQ; Blackheath EWW; Black- hill BCC; Black Prince YJB; Black Sea GDLW; Blackwell ZLC; Blair more BOB; Bogota yAC; Bloemfontein GBN; Bod- nant YQO; Bohemian MEL; Bo- kana YCQ; Bolingbroke BGE; Bolivian GCNB; Bolton Abbey GBRV; Bolton Castle MAQ; Boma GBSV; Bompata GFCV; Bonheur GCTS; Bonny XIN; Borda MFQ; Borde GFMR; Borderer GCL; Borderland MUM; Borelis GCWM; Borodino ODT; Borulus GFJN; Boscombe Chine XEG; Bosnian OEL. Boston City GDSB; Boswell BMK; Bourkadra YGB; Boulama YMJ; Bourne GBCS; Bourne- mouth ZJD; Boutry YCZ;Boveric YNY; Bovic GDO; Boverton XHK; Boyne ZUY; Bremen GBJK; Bra- bandier EUM; Bradavon XLG; Bradburn ETY; Bradclyde YRB; Bradford City GBCL; Braunfels BPG; Braemar Castle GCQZ; Bray wood GDTK; Brambleleaf ZZQ; Brant County GBYT; Brand- enberg GBSF; Bratton Castle YAN; Branksome Hall GBFQ; Brazilier OET; Breconian YEW; Brenden BEK. Brescia ESS; Breslan GFCN; Brier GDYL; Bretanier EXP; Bretwalder GBJR; Breynton LSZ; BriaCrleaf EYA; Briarwood ZGD; Brighton BNF; Brighton MOV; Bristol City GDML; Brit- annia GCRB; Britannia GAP; British Admiral ZYY; British Baron EYU; British Beacon BOU; British Birch EYD; British Coast GDTC; British Colonel GFDB; British Duke EYY; British Earl EYS; British Emperor ZLK; Brit- ish Empress ZYZ. British Ensign ZYV; British Fern EZE; British Holly EZL; British Isles ZYW; British Knight EYN- British Lantern BON; Brit- ish Light BOD; British Major BLN; British Maple EYB; British Marquis EYW; British Marshall YJJ; British Peer EYM; British Princess ZYT; British Rose EQC; British Sailor OFK;- British- Sol- dier YQR; British Sovereign ZYU; British Star BOI; British Tommy GFQL; British Transport ZDT; British Vine EPK; British Vis- count GFDY; Briton MQJ; Broadmayne EXX; Brocktown GCXJ; Bronte GCPZ; Broads- worth ESE; Brookvale BRB.


text:
Talk:Elements of Political Communication/General guidelines/Accuracy

Quiz is very American-oriented and people from other cultures not knowing the background names and stories (e.g. about Sarah Palin) won't benefit from it. PeterPerform2 (discuss • contribs) 15:38, 29 July 2020 (UTC)


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Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Introduction

Introduction
Many of us have practiced photography before. Whether it was a phone, a point-and-shoot camera, or a professional DSLR, many of us have taken photos before. And while the act of taking photos certainly is part of photography, we may be fooling ourselves if we think we have mastered photography.

Photography is not just taking photos. It is the art of composing photos. Composing photos means selecting the right location, angle of view, and gear. In this book, we will take a close look at the gear choosing aspect of photography.

Don't get me wrong - you can take great photos with just 1 or 2 pieces of gear, but the fact remains that if you want to expand, you just have to get more gear. However, don't let this fact distract you from the fun of photography (see Gear Acquisition Syndrome).

In this book we will cover cameras and lenses, as well as any miscellaneous gear you may need (tripods, drones, etc.). We will cover everything from DSLRs to SLRs, mirrorless to point-and-shoot. We try to include as many brands as possible, but we are not biased in any way toward any brand (see A Note on Brands). In this book, we try to understand each piece of gear as well as someone who have used it for years. And we will pass on that knowledge to you in this book to help you choose the perfect piece of gear for every occasion. So dive in to this book! We have lots to cover.


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Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/A Note on Brands

A Note on Brands
If you read our Table of Contents, then you may have seen a very long list of brands. First of all, let me say this to you: this book is not biased in any way towards any specific brand. We will list pros and cons for each brand, but they are not influenced by any outside sources. In the end, it is up to you to decide which brand you want to go for.

There are two types of brands in this book. One kind sells cameras and lenses, and the other is a third-party focused only at selling lenses. We will cover both of them in this book.


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Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Gear Acquisition Syndrome

Ever heard of Gear Acquisition Syndrome (or GAS for short)? Commonly used in music and photography, Gear Acquisition Syndrome describes the cumulative and excessive buying of gear. Now since this is a guide to buying gear, it would seem that this book is just the perfect recipe for getting GAS.

While this book is focused as a guide to buying gear, let me tell you this: This book does not advocate the excessive buying of gear. 3 lenses may be enough for a beginner, 6 for a professional, and so on. This book's purpose is simply to guide you to getting a perfect piece of gear if and when you decide you need a new piece of gear. Throughout the rest of this book, we will assume that you are reading because you want to know what gear to get.

Now onto GAS. In order to cure GAS, you must learn to identify it first. There are many stages to GAS as it progresses, and we will touch on them here.

The first stage is where you begin to want to buy gear. You have reached a low point in your photographic studies, and your mind tells yourself: If I can just get that one piece of gear, then everything will work again. However, you know better, and you resist that until it tortures you so much that you click that "Buy" button.

The second stage is guilt. You get your piece of gear from the store and come home. But when you are supposed to have fun a play around with the new piece of lens, instead you hide it and feel guilt. You regret buying the piece. However, after a few days, the guilt wears off and you are finally able to enjoy photography again, until...

The final stage. This is where GAS gets cruel. Depending on gear, GAS will slowly creep back to you again. You will want to buy more gear again. And the whole cycle will repeat again and again.

But how do you prevent Gear Acquisition Syndrome? There are several ways, and I will talk about them here. The first is limiting yourself. You see, there is a balance between gear and creativity. More gear does mean more opportunities, but you end up relying on a hunk of shaped metal instead of your own creativity to take a picture. When you limit yourself, you are forcing yourself to be creative.

Finally, do you really need that piece of gear? Always ask yourself this before you buy anything. Do you really need that lens? Does it limit your work? Do you not have any other gear that can do the purpose of this gear? If these questions are all "yes", then you can go ahead and buy without guilt. But if one of them is no- if it doesn't limit your work, if you don't need it, don't buy it.


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Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Choosing Cameras

Choosing Cameras
The first step to get into photography is to choose a camera type, a camera system, and then a camera. There are three main types of cameras in photography:

 * 1) Point-and-Shoot: no professional photographer really uses these. Point-and-Shoot cameras are very limited in terms of lenses and gear.
 * 2) Digital SLR: a DSLR (or Digital SLR, Digital Single Lens Reflex) camera is the most popular choice for photographers. It combines the variety of an SLR to the ease of a digital sensor. However, DSLRs are very bulky and complex, so it is a bit more vulnerable to breakage.
 * 3) SLR: an SLR (or Single Lens Reflex) camera is a DSLR without the digital sensor. Instead, it uses a roll of film. This is what photographers used to use. An SLR, however, needs to process the film before you can see the image, so it is always less convenient than other cameras.
 * 4) Mirrorless: more and more photographers are getting attracted to mirrorless cameras these days. Mirrorless cameras are much lighter and smaller than DSLRs, have no complicated mirror system inside, and have a great viewfinder system that allows you to "see" changes. However, mirrorless cameras autofocus systems do seem to be worse than DSLRs, and their color and dynamic range do seem to be worse as well. However, these changes can often be corrected in post-processing, and many brands seem to have no issue with this at all.

After you have chosen your type of camera, it is time to choose a system (a brand). Below is a chart for various types of cameras and manufacturers. After you have chosen a brand, go to each brand's section in this book to choose cameras (and then choose lenses).