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German/Grammar/Dative prepositions

Dative prepositions
We've covered prepositions that are followed by either the accusative or dative. In this section we'll cover prepositions that are always followed by the dative, and in a later section we'll cover those that are followed by the accusative. Some of the most common and most important German prepositions appear in this category. You may also notice that while the main meaning of prepositions that can be followed by either accusative or dative has something to with location, there is no such pattern for dative prepositions. We've already covered the terminology we'll need here, so we can dive right into the material.

Contractions
As with some of the prepositions we covered earlier, some of the prepositions we're talking about here combine with articles to form contractions. Keep an eye out for these and remember to mentally separate the preposition from the article. We'll list them together here in case some are missed in the examples:
 * beim – bei + dem
 * vom – von + dem
 * zum – zu + dem
 * zur – zu + der

aus (location)
Recall that in, with the accusative, tells you something is going from the outside to the inside. The opposite is aus and tells you something is going from the inside to the outside: This might seem like a "destination", which was when we said to use in with the accusative case. This can be confusing, but the earlier rule only works with prepositions that can be followed by accusative or dative; it doesn't work at all with other prepositions.
 * Ich bringe den Teller aus der Küche. – "I'm bringing the plate out of the kitchen."

A related meaning is for the origin of something, or a location when it's used as a starting point of movement. In this sense the meaning is very similar to von; see below for more on this. You can often tell the difference because aus still keeps some of it's "out of" sense; you were "inside" Berlin and now you're "outside".
 * Ich komme aus Berlin. – "I come from Berlin."

aus (material)
Another use of aus is to say something is made from, or out of, something else. For example:
 * Ich baue einen Stuhl aus den Brettern. – "I'm making/building a chair out of the boards."

If the material is important and not the actual construction, you can just say ist aus:
 * Die Schale ist aus Silber. – "The bowl is made of silver."

You can use werden instead of machen or a similar verb (such as bauen) if something is turning into something else on it's own.
 * Aus unserem Mädchen wird eine Frau. – "Our girl is turning into a woman."
 * Something is lost in translation here. Literally it says "A woman is becoming out of our girl."

außer (besides)
Not to be confused with aus is außer, which means "besides" or "other than". It's used when you want to mention exceptions to a general statement.
 * Ich trinke nichts außer Wasser. – "I don't drink anything but water."

außer (out of)
Another use of außer is in certain expressions where it can be translated as "out of". For example Note that this only occurs in certain fixed expressions. If you just want to say you've run out of supplies then you'd use something like:
 * außer Atem ― "out of breath"
 * außer Sicht ― "out of sight"
 * außer Übung – "out of practice"
 * Ich habe keinen Zucker. – "I'm out of sugar."

bei (location)
This is a cognate of "by" and, as you might expect, often means "nearby". This is less close than the meaning of neben, which is more "next to" than "near".
 * Irland liegt bei England. – "Ireland is (lies) near England."
 * Ich wohne bei Berlin. – "I live near Berlin."

You can also use bei to mean a location when you're not referring to a specific place but a place where something else is located. For example:
 * Ich bin bei der Arbeit. – "I'm at work."
 * We don't know from this the exact location of the job, but we do know that location is where you are.
 * Er ist beim Arzt. – "He's at the doctor."
 * In this case bei dem is combined to form beim.

bei (condition)
You can also use bei to express a condition where something occurs. This is analogous to certain phrases in English, for example "I sleep by day and work by night." In many cases this meaning of bei is better translated something other than "by", perhaps "in", "at" or "with".
 * Ich laufe oft bei Regen. – "I often run in the rain."

mit (location)
This is a cognate to "with" and shares the two main meanings. The first is similar to bei and neben, but it implies a sense of togetherness beyond just being in the same location.
 * Ich esse mit Karl. – "I'm eating with Karl."

mit (instrument)
The other meaning that mit and "with" share is to specify the tool or instrument used to do something.
 * Ich esse mit einer Gabel. – "I'm eating with a fork."
 * In this case einer Gabel says what you're using to eat.

nach (location)
With a location, nach means "to" or "towards". In this sense the meaning is similar to zu (covered below) and in (covered in a previous section). You'd use nach for destinations the size of a city or larger, allowing for exceptions where in is used instead (for example countries that have an article in the name). You'd also use nach with compass directions when no article is used, and with adverbial directions:
 * Ich reise nach Wien. – "I'm traveling to Vienna."
 * Er geht nach Süden. – He's going south.""
 * Geh jetzt nach links. – "Now go left."
 * Ich gehe nach oben. – "I'm going upstairs (upwards)."

The phrase nach Hause is a special case and a general purpose way of saying "home" as a destination, even if you don't actually live in a house. Note that the dative of Haus is normally still Haus, but in former times an -e was added to the end, and sometimes this kind of archaic inflection is preserved in certain expressions.
 * Ich gehe nach Hause. – "I'm going home."

With sein, nach conveys the idea of being targeted.
 *  Ich bin nach dir. – "I am after (out to get) you."

nach (similarity)
There are a number of meanings related to something being similar to, modeled on, or according to something or someone.
 * Ich benenne das Kind nach meinem Vater. – "I'm naming the child after my father."
 * Ich backe Brot nach dem Rezept. – "I'm baking bread according the recipe."
 * Das Gericht riecht nach Pfirsich. – "The dish smells like peaches."

nach (time)
When used with an event or period of time then nach means "after".
 * Nach dem Spiel trinke ich ein Bier. – "I'm having a beer after the game."

This also works for items in a sequence:
 * B kommt nach A. – "B comes after A."

nach (POV dative)
When used with sein, the impersonal pronoun es and the point-of-view dative (see the section on Impersonal Verbs), nach can mean that someone is the mood for something. The impersonal es is usually dropped, so, as is often the case with the point-of-view dative, the sentence may appear to have no subject.
 * Ist dir nach einem Schläfchen? – "Do you feel like a nap?"
 * Mir ist nach einem Sandwich. – "I'm in the mood for a sandwich."

seit (time)
You may recall that when something has been happening for a time, and it continues in the present, German uses the present tense even though English prefers the past tense. One case where this is applicable is with the preposition seit, which roughly says something has been happening a from a certain time on. It often translates to "since", but with a period of time "for" is closer to the meaning. We've already seen an example of this in the section on intransitive verbs:
 * Wir reden seit zwei Stunden. ― "We've been talking for two hours." (Present tense in German and past tense English.)

von (location)
When used with a location, von means "from" or "away from". As we've already mentioned, there is some overlap here between aus and von, with aus implying something was once in while von is used for any starting point. This still leaves some overlap and aus and von can sometimes be used interchangeably. When a single sentence combines both origin and destination then the custom is to use von with nach:
 * Wir fliegen von Berlin nach Wien. – "We're flying from Berlin to Vienna."

A common use in this sense is with governmental bureaus or similar organizations:
 * Er ist von Interpol. – "He's from Interpol."

von (topic)
Much like über, von is used for something mentioned in conversation. Although there is some overlap, über is usually used when subject as a whole is "about" something, and von is used when something is just mentioned.
 * Ich höre oft von Ihnen. – "I hear of you often."

von (possessive)
It's common for von to be translated as "of", and in this case the meaning overlaps with possession. We've already talked about possessive determiners and pronouns, and we'll talk about possessives in general and the genitive case in an upcoming section. In many cases you can indicated possession, especially in the more figurative sense, using von instead. Keep in mind though that von often implies "origin" more than a true possession, for example it's used for authorship. Also von has many meanings and using it carelessly to replace a possessive may cause your sentence to be misunderstood. Some examples:
 * Wir hören die Mondscheinsonate von Beethovan. – "We're listening to Beethovan's Moonlight Sonata."
 * Ich bin ein Fan von Ihnen. – "I'm a fan of yours."

zu (location)
Like nach, zu can mean "to" or "towards". Unlike nach, zu is reserved for smaller locations such as individual buildings or where a person is located.
 * Ich gehe zum Arzt. – "I'm going to the doctor."
 * Note that zu dem has been reduced to zum.

Unlike in, there is no sense of actually going into the location. But if going inside is implied the you can still use zu; it doesn't mean you're going to stay outside. If you want to say where you want to go in a taxi then use zu; it's not the driver's responsibility to see that you actually go in.
 * Sie geht zur Post. – "She's going to the post office."
 * Here zu der has been reduced to zur.

You can also use zu for events such a party, or activities such as a job.
 * Wir gehen zu einer Party. – "We're going to a party."
 * It's possible to use auf here as well. The meanings are more or less the same, but zu stresses more the getting there and appearing, while auf stresses participation in the event. In many cases they are interchangeable.
 * Mein Vater geht zur Arbeit. – "My father is going to work."

There is also some overlap in meaning between zu and an and in some cases one may be substituted for the other, remembering of course that zu requires the dative and an requires the accusative for the destination.
 * Bringen Sie das Gericht zu den Gästen. – "Bring the dish to the guests."
 * Again the difference between zu and an is more a matter of emphasis than anything else. This guests may not be hungry right now, but the food is there just in case.

There is a phrase zu Hause which is similar to nach Hause meantioned earlier. In this case it's a way of saying "home" as a location. You might wonder if there are other similar phrases, but zu Hause can be combined with other prepositions when such a phrase might be useful. For example: Other spellings are possible here, zuhause and Zuhause, but zu Hause is the most common.
 * Ich bin zu Hause. – "I'm at home."
 * Ich komme von zu Hause. – "I'm coming from home."

zu (time)
Sometimes zu is used to point to a particular moment in time. In this case it can be translated "at". For example
 * zu Beginn – "at the beginning"

Other uses of zu
There are many uses of zu in which it doesn't function as a preposition at all. This makes it similar to its English cognate "to", which can also be used in a variety of ways. The English "too" is a cognate as well. So we'll be seeing more of zu in upcoming sections.

title: German/Grammar/Dative prepositions


text:
History of video games/Platforms/ESPboy

History
The ESPboy page was launched in 2019. In 2019 the base components required to build an ESPboy cost $12, a notably low cost for a console at the time.

Technology
The ESPboy was based on an existing development board - the WeMos D1 Mini ESP8266.

Games

 * Anarch
 * microTD

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: History of video games/Platforms/ESPboy


text:
History of video games/Platforms/CircuitMess devices

History
The CircuitMess started as the Kickstarter project "MAKERphone" in late 2018.

The kit was available by 2020.

Games

 * uTD
 * Anarch


text:
History of video games/Platforms/GameForce CHI

History
The development of the GameForce CHI was primarily spearheaded by Gao Feng.

Technology
The console was based on the RockChip RK3326 SOC, and sported 1 gigabyte of DDR3RL memory.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Retro Duo

History
The Retro Duo was available as a home console by 2009, and also as a portable console.

A second revision of the portable console was released by 2013.

A "Mascot Edition" of the home console was released in 2015.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Intellivision Play Power

Technology
The system was a dedicated plug in play console.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/PasocomMini MZ-80C

History
Console developer HAL Laboratory released the MZ-80C on October 14, 2017. Some instead claims a release date of October 5th, 2019, however, articles published earlier reference the release of the device in 2017.

A launch event occurred at Akihabara Radio Kaikan. The system was received well by reviewers.

The system cost 19,800 Japanese Yen at launch a price maintained in 2022.

Compute
The system was based on a Raspberry Pi type A+.

Software
The system ran MZ-80C software via emulation.

The system supported a version of Smile Basic.

Hardware
The system was designed to open up via a hinge.


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History of video games/Platforms/PasocomMini PC-8001

History
The console was announced on August 5th, 2019.

The PasocomMini PC-8001 was released by HAL Laboratory, Inc on October 5th, 2019. The similar PCG8100 was also released. The system was developed in collaboration with NEC.

The system cost 27,280 Japanese Yen in 2022.

Compute
The system was based on a Raspberry Pi Zero WH.

Hardware
The system supported USB keyboards as input.

Software
The system ran Microsoft N-Basic 1.1.


text:
User:Ntando Nogwaba

Artist

 777

Skater

title: User:Ntando Nogwaba


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Amiga A500 Mini

History
The Amiga A500 Mini was first announced in 2021.

In late 2021 a launch date of March 25th, 2022 for the Amiga A500 Mini was announced.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/weeCee

Development
The weeCee was developed by The Rasteri, as a small device that could play classic PC games without the use of emulation.

Launch
Instead of being sold, standardized design files were distributed for users to build their own.

The WeeCee attracted attention from DOS gamers in 2021.

Compute
The system is based on a SOM304RD System on a Module containing a DM&P Vortex86 processor. The Vortex86 contains a 32-bit X86 processor, with the one used in the weeCee being compared to an Intel 486. This module also includes a VGA GPU. The system has 256 megabytes of DDR2 RAM.

An ISA bus sound chip made by Crystal Semiconductor is used for audio.

Connectivity
The system used a VGA port for graphical output.

Games
The weeCee was primarily intended to play DOS gamesm as well as Windows 9x games.

title: History of video games/Platforms/weeCee


text:
History of video games/Platforms/G3x

History
The G3x was a gaming platform developed by Qualcomm meant to be produced by other OEMs, shown in 2021. Because of it's developer oriented nature, the device was not meant for mass market consumer sale.

Technology
The system had a high refresh rate OLED display, operating at 1080p resolution at 120 hertz.

title: History of video games/Platforms/G3x


text:
History of video games/Platforms/BittBoy

History
The first BittBoy was released by 2017.

A new revision was released in 2018.

A 3rd revision was released in 2019.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/GPD XP

History
The GPD XP was announced in 2021. The system was released later that year.

Technology
The portable console was modular.

title: History of video games/Platforms/GPD XP


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Acorn Archimedes

Launch
The Archimedes line of computers launched in 1987.

The Acorn Archimedes had a small, but dedicated playerbase.

Legacy
The Acorn Archimedes was considered relevant into the 1990's, with some commercial support for the platform occurring as late as 1997.

Technology
The Acorn Archimedes used an ARM2 CPU, and was one of the first widely available consumer computers to use an ARM architecture processor.

Zarch
Read more about Zarch on Wikipedia.


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History of video games/Platforms/GPD XD

History
The GPD XD was released in 2015.

A plus edition was announced in 2018.

title: History of video games/Platforms/GPD XD


text:
History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win 3

History
The system was released generally in 2021.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win

History
The GPD Win launched in 2017.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win 2

History
The GPD Win 2 was released in 2018.

A new improved model of the GPD Win 2 was released in 2019.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/AYA Neo 2021 Pro

History
The AYA Neo 2021 Pro was released in 2021.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/PiBoy series

Technology
The systems were based on Raspberry Pi hardware.


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Windows Vista/Installation

Windows Vista introduced a new interactive first-stage setup experience, replacing the outdated and unusable text-mode program used by Windows XP. The user will be prompted to run the installer after booting off of the DVD; no other tasks are available. The display language, locale, and keyboard layout selected here will be applied to the installed system; there is no way to change this setting after the installation is completed short of reinstalling Windows. This installation user interface was reused in every subsequent version of Windows to date.

Upon initiating installation, the user will be prompted to enter their 25-character product key. If the user clicks Continue without entering a product key, the installer would prompt the user to select the Windows Vista edition they want to install. As the dialog warns, should an edition be chosen through this interface and a product key for a different edition be entered later, Windows Vista would not activate. (If this happens, the only recourse is to reinstall the correct edition of Windows and activate that.)

A legal agreement would then appear, followed by a prompt to upgrade or custom install. The upgrade option migrates most settings, programs, and files from an old copy of Windows, placing the files that couldn't be migrated into a folder called Windows.old. If you boot off the install DVD, then Upgrade will not be available. To upgrade an existing Windows installation, you must run the setup program from within that copy of Windows.

Selecting and editing drive partitions
If the custom install option was chosen, the user would then be prompted to select a drive partition to install Windows onto. If a storage driver was required to load this list, a link to install one was provided. Normally, the user would click a partition in the list, then click Next to continue. If the user clicked the Drive Options link, further links to create, delete, reformat, and extend disk partitions would be provided. The user might be shown a partition called “Unallocated Space” here. This option represents the space on a storage medium that does not belong to any partition. An effective way to perform a completely fresh installation of Windows onto a pre-existing computer was to delete all the partitions, select Unallocated Space, and click Next. Windows Setup would then create one partition out of all the free space before continuing.

The actual installation
At this point, Windows would display a progress screen while the computer actually installs Windows. Once this process is complete, the computer will present a Restart link. When this link was clicked, or after a timeout in case the computer was unattended, the PC would reboot into the new Windows Vista installation. (Note that, should the PC prompt the user to press a key to boot off of removable media during reboot, the user should not do this, or they will return to the first step of the installation again.)

First-Time Setup (Out-of-Box Experience)
Once the computer finishes rebooting, a “Set Up Windows” wizard dialog would appear. The user was first asked to choose a name and specify a password for the first administrator account to be created on the PC. The user also had the opportunity to choose a user picture from one of eight pictures. If the user does not select one, a flower picture is used by default. The user would have the option to use any picture they wished after first-time setup is complete.

The user would then be prompted to select a name for their computer. This would be used in Windows’ peer to peer networking features to identify the computer from another computer running Windows elsewhere on the network. The default name would be the username entered in the previous step, followed by “-PC”. On this screen, the user is also prompted to choose between one of six preselected desktop backgrounds (wallpaper images). Again, the user would have the chance to supply any picture they wanted once first-time setup has been completed.

Windows would then ask the user about configuring update settings. Windows Vista, as with modern versions of Windows, downloads and automatically installs software updates from Microsoft. As with current versions of Windows, the computer sometimes requires the user to reboot to install updates whether they want to or not. A small dialog will appear stating that the computer will reboot automatically in 15 minutes; the user could choose to delay this reboot for up to two hours, but not cancel it completely. Unlike with current versions of Windows, the user had the ability to specify updates they did not want to have installed.

The computer would then ask the date, time, and time zone. As with modern versions of Windows, Pacific Time is always used as the time zone when this page appears.

As the last step, the user would be given a choice of three “locations” for their computer: Home, Work, or Public Network. This would configure the Windows Vista firewall regarding computer-to-computer access and automatic device discovery. The Home and Work options are actually identical.

Despite the user having completed first-time setup, one more step must be taken before the desktop appears. Windows Vista will run performance tests on the computer while displaying a rotating full-screen advertisement for the features of Windows Vista.

The Welcome Center
When the desktop appears, the computer will automatically open a window called the Welcome Center. This window was mostly used to contain advertisements. Every item under “Offers from Microsoft” would be an ad for some kind of online service. A section containing offers from your PC manufacturer may also appear, if your PC was purchased with Vista preinstalled. Interestingly, the “Go online to find more ways to help protect your PC” advertising link was not an ad for a Microsoft service. At the time, Microsoft was selling a subscription antivirus program called Windows Live OneCare. A link to this program was provided in the Welcome Center. However, firms selling competing antivirus products complained that Microsoft was using product placement to unfairly push OneCare to their detriment. If this link is clicked, a Web page will appear containing advertisements for competing consumer antivirus software packages.

The Welcome Center will always open when the desktop appears for the first time. It can be closed easily. Upon subsequent logins, the Welcome Center would return, but there would be a checkbox in the corner labeled “Open Automatically.” If this box was unchecked and the window closed, Windows would stop presenting the Welcome Center upon login. (It could still be accessed through Control Panel.)

title: Windows Vista/Installation


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Proto-Germanic

Contents
Welcome to this Wikibooks page! This will be intended as a course for the Proto-Germanic language, the ancestor of all Germanic languages spoken after 500 BC in Northern Europe.

Prelude

 * 1) About and contributors
 * 2) /Pronunciation/

Lessons

 * 1) First lesson: Pronouns and numbers
 * 2) Second lesson: Nouns and adjectives

title: Proto-Germanic


text: Category:Book:Proto-Germanic

title: Category:Book:Proto-Germanic


text:
Proto-Germanic/Pronouns and numbers

Welcome to the first lesson of Proto-Germanic!

First and second person
Unlike almost all modern Germanic languages, Proto-Germanic personal pronouns still has dual forms (except those were non-existent for the third person). In Gothic, however, ending *-az in the genitive forms are replaced by ones ending in *-ō (yielding *mīnō, *þīnō, *unserō, *izwerō, *unkerō and *inkerō). Unstressed forms of monosyllabic personal pronouns are formed by raising *-e- to *-i-, so *ek yields unstressed *ik, *wet yields *wit, and *mek yields *mik.

Third person
The third person pronouns, however, are very diverse throughout the family (Old English he, but Gothic es). The table below, however, are extracted from the corresponding Wikipedia article about the grammar of Proto-Germanic.

Derivatives

 * Cardinal: Usually formed by the suffix *-dô, however, it instead becomes *-tô after voiceless consonants (*fimf "five" → *fimftô "fifth"). Some numbers have irregular forms:
 * *ainaz → *frumô "first"
 * *twō → *anþeraz "second"
 * *þrīz → *þridjô "third"
 * *fedwōr → *fedurþô "fourth"
 * *sehs → *sehtô "sixth"
 * *ahtōu → *ahtudô "eighth"

title: Proto-Germanic/Pronouns and numbers


text:
User:Wetter we

——————––––————ṨỬ

title: User:Wetter we


text:
User:Paginadelprofe/sandbox

Test editing

title: User:Paginadelprofe/sandbox


text:
Cookbook talk:Pear and Almond Smoothie (Vegan)

Renaming?
Should this recipe be renamed? It is unclear what makes it eggnog when it does contain pear yet does not contain any traditional eggnog-like ingredients such as sugar, nutmeg, cinnamon, cream, etc. Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 01:50, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Surely an odd instance. No eggs, cream, sugar or any other traditional eggnog flavors. If not eggnog, then what will this be renamed to? —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 02:26, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Based strictly on method/ingredients, maybe something like Pear and Almond Smoothie? With a note added in the recipe that one could in theory drink it as a substitute for eggnog? Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 03:29, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Sounds reasonable. I'd support this unless anyone states otherwise. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 15:21, 9 January 2022 (UTC)


text:
Proto-Germanic/Nouns and adjectives

Welcome to the second lesson of Proto-Germanic!

Masculine nouns
Note that nouns containing *-e- always umlauted to *-i- before all endings containing *-i- in first syllable (nominative *berg-az "mountain, hill", but genitive *birg-is). Noun stems ending in *-j- or *-ij- have their own declensions with unique genitive singular ending (there are two variants of genitive singular, however): So, all of the expected sequences *-ji- and *-iji- instead becoming *-i- and *-ī- as a result of regular sound changes.

Neuter nouns
Note that nouns in the neuter gender have syncretism in nominative, vocative, and accusative cases. Retention of neuter -az declension is a complex issue. Anglian dialect of Old English fully preserved this declension (see lamb), while the rest of West Germanic only in the plural (the singular endings were replaced by more common masculine counterparts, e.g. dative *lambai from earlier *lambizī). Old Norse and Gothic fully merge this to the masculine -az declension.

title: Proto-Germanic/Nouns and adjectives


text:
User:Bop34/Collections/Scandinavian and similar openings

A guide to an aggressive attack on the centre as white or black

 * Chess Opening Theory
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Qxd5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Nf6
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. e4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6/2. d4/2...d5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. e4/2...c5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...exd4
 * Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...d6


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Learning C With Game Concepts/Inventory System

Inventory System
There is nothing quite so satisfying as equipping one's character. Most of the time, you start out at level 1, wearing rags and shackles. After being released from the local dungeon for one reason or another, you meet a Haberdasher with a heart of gold. He gives you some odd jobs so you can earn enough copper to eat. After weeks of punching things, fetching things, running from things, and still without two copper pieces to scratch together, you at last come across the "Unremarkable Sword of Rusty Might". Huzzahǃ It nothing compared to what the City Guard is using, but now those sewer rats shall feel your wrath. So let's get to itǃ

An Inventory Shouldː
 * Contain a list of items.
 * We should be able to ADD and REMOVE items from the list, as well as FIND items.
 * Similar items should be aggregated. When a similar item is added, quantity is increased, not list size.
 * Players should have their own inventory, as should chests and other containers.

An Item Shouldː
 * Have a name and description.
 * Health and mana.
 * These are the restorative properties of potions. 20 Health heals 20 health points if consumed.
 * Similar items should be aggregated. When a similar item is added, quantity is increased, not list size.
 * Have the option of multiple uses.
 * Have an ID that uniquely identifies it.

Putting the above specification into practice, we start by defining the kinds of items available, via an enumeration. In the future, we may want to import a list of items from a file, rather than keeping all of them with our source code. However, it's best to keep things small for testing purposes.

Each item that we create will be embedded in an item node. A node is a single unit which can be linked to other nodes in order to form a data structures such as lists and trees. In this case, the data structure is a doubly linked list. As you can see, the itemNodeStructure points forwards, backwards, and to its own item. When defining the itemNodeStructure, it is necessary to use "struct itemNodeStructure" to declare the pointers because the itemNode typedef is not yet in effect and the compiler will not understand.

Going back to ye olde playerStructure datatype, we add a new value to it.

Because the functions required for a basic inventory setup are somewhat involved, it cannot be broken up into more digestible pieces. My code is very likely not the most elegant solution to the problem, so there is room for improving the clarity. For now, if you want to understand how the functions for the inventory work, you'll need to read through the comments until you can identify what each piece of code is doing.

inventory.c

-

inventoryFinished.c


text:
User talk:Margav06

Recent changes of LMIs in Control
What are purposes of copying pages (not moving) and of creating structure on subpages of "Click here to continue"? --Wargo (discuss • contribs) 13:45, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Margav06


text:
Signetics 2650 & 2636 programming/BCD arithmetic

Binary Coded Decimal
The natural way for a microprocessor to represent numbers and perform arithmetic is in binary format. Humans prefer decimal notation, so when a computer wants to communicate with us, it has to convert from one format to the other. Another option is to force the computer to operate on binary-coded decimals, where each decimal digit, 0-9, is represented by 4-bits. The other six numbers that can be represented by those four bits, A16 - F16 are meaningless, and this makes binary arithmetic more complicated than in a pure binary format. If for example we do the addition 8 + 4 in binary, the result is C16 which is meaningless in BCD. To get the correct answer we must add six, giving 1216. The '1' is carried to the next most significant digit.

The primary use of BCD in these video game consoles is for displaying the score, a number that is typically only incremented, so our discussion here will be confined to addition of BCD numbers. Should your game require subtraction, signed integer arithmetic or division, the Application Memo listed in the references below should help.

Decimal adjust
The 2650 microprocessor has two features that aid BCD arithmetic. In addition to the Carry Flag (C) that registers a carry from bit 7, there is an Inter Digit Flag (IDC) that registers a carry from bit 3. There is also a special instruction, Decimal Adjust Register, DAR, that examines these flags after an arithmetic operation and makes appropriate adjustments to the high nibble, bits 4-7, and the low nibble, bits 0-3. In the case of the most significant nibble, it adds 1010 if C is 0, and for the least significant nibble it adds 1010 if IDC is 0.

Incrementing the score
The program listed below adds an 8-bit number to a 16-bit number and will probably take care of most score-handling needs on these consoles. The MSB of the score is saved in 1F50 and the LSB of the score is in 1F51. Don't forget that the score registers, 1FC8 and 1FC9, are write-only, so the current score cannot be retrieved from them, it must be saved elsewhere.

The WinArcadia debugger can be used to step through this program to see how it works. The incremental value and the initial 16-bit value need to be set using the Memory Editor.


text:
Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Liliopsida (monocots)

Acorales

 * }

Alismatales

 * }

Liliales

 * }

Asparagales

 * }

Poales: Typhaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae

 * }

Poales: Poaceae: BOP clade

 * }

Poales: Poaceae: PACMAD clade

 * }

Commelinales & Zingiberales

 * }


text:
Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Magnoliopsida (dicots)

Nymphaeales (fanwort)

 * }

Ranunculales (barberries, buttecups, poppies)

 * }

Proteales (lotus, sycamore)

 * }

Buxales (pachysandra, spurge)

 * }

Saxifragales (water-milfoil, katsura tree, stonecrop)

 * }

Vitales (peppervine, Boston ivy, creeper, grape)

 * }

Zygophyllales (puncturevine)

 * }

Celastrales (bittersweet, spindle)

 * }

Oxalidales (woodsorrel)

 * }

Malpighiales

 * }

Fabales: Fabaceae (pea, bean, legume family)

 * }

Rosales: Rosaceae: Rosoideae (roses, brambles, strawberries)

 * }

Rosales: Rosaceae: Amygdaloideae

 * }

Rosales: Rhamnaceae (buckthorns) & Elaeagnaceae (silverberries)

 * }

Rosales: Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae

 * }

Fagales (alder, birch, oak, walnut)

 * }

Myrtales: Lythraceae (loosestrife), Onagraceae (primrose)

 * }

Sapindales

 * }

Malvales: Thymelaeaceae & Malvaceae

 * }

Brassicales: Brassicaceae (mustard, cress, pepperweed)

 * }

Caryophyllales

 * }

Cornales (hydrangeas, dogwoods)

 * }

Ericales

 * }

Gentianales: Apocynaceae (swallowwort, periwinkle)

 * }

Solanales: Convolvulaceae (bindweed, morning glory, dodder)

 * }

Boraginales

 * }

Lamiales: Oleaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae

 * }

Lamiales: Lamiaceae (mint family)

 * }

Lamiales: Paulowniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae

 * }

Aquifoliales: Aquifoliaceae (holly)

 * }

Asterales: Campanulaceae (bellflowers, lobelias)

 * }

Asterales: Menyanthaceae (floating heart)

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Carduoideae: Cardueae (knapweed, thistles)

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Cichorioideae: Cichorieae

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Anthemideae (mugwort, wormwood)

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Senecioneae (ragwort, coltsfoot)

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Astereae (hroseweed, fleabane, daisy)

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Heliantheae

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Inuleae

 * }

Asterales: Asteraceae: Asteroideae: Eupatorieae

 * }

Apiales

 * }

Dipsacales

 * }


text:
Proto-Germanic/Pronunciation

Welcome to the pronunciation lesson of Proto-Germanic!

Consonants

 * In some positions, voiced stops, , and are pronounced as , , and  instead:
 * in intervocalic positions;
 * in word-initial positions in the case of ; and
 * sometimes after in the case of , varying with its stop allophone.
 * before velar stops and  (both of which can be labialized) is pronounced as.

title: Proto-Germanic/Pronunciation


text: Salute, Jonathan!/Printable version

title: Salute, Jonathan!/Printable version


text:
Talk:Salute, Jonathan!

Dynamic Printable Version
Hello!

I created a dynamic printable version at Salute, Jonathan!/Printable version, which automatically updates in response to changes made in the main book, as opposed to Salute, Jonathan!/Single page, which is static and must be updated manually. Is this new version alright for use, or does it need tweeks? Thanks! --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 08:47, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Salute, Jonathan!


text:
Turkish/Aorist

The aorist, or geniş zaman (broad tense) in Turkish, very roughly corresponds to the English present simple. Its formation is quite irregular, and its usage is also quite difficult to grasp, making this tense quite a challenge for new learners.

Verbs ending in vowels
The easiest case is when the verb stem ends in a vowel, where the suffix simply becomes -r, followed by the usual personal endings.

Multi-syllable verbs ending in consonants
In all multi-syllable verbs ending in consonants, the suffix -ır/ir/ur/ür is used, obeying 4-way vowel harmony, followed by the usual personal endings.

Single-syllable verbs ending in consonants
Most single-syllable verbs take the ending -ar/er in the aortist, but there are around 16 irregular verbs ending in r, l or n that take -ır/ir/ur/ür instead, a list of which is found below. The two verbs tatmak, etmek and gitmek undergo consonant voicing, as in the present tense.

The Exceptions
Speakers tend to avoid the three exceptional verbs ending in n. The double passive forms denilmek and yenilmek are used instead of denmek and yenmek, and sanmak is often replaced with its synonym zannetmek in the aorist, except for the idiomatic phrases sanırsam and sanırım, reducing the list size down to 12.

Negative
The negative form of the aorist is -ma(z)/me(z), very different from the affirmative form. -mez version of the suffix is most often pronounced /mæz/ rather than /mez/, the e being pronounced similar to the a in trap.

Interrogative
The question particle comes between the suffix and the personal ending like usual, regularizing the negative version in 1. person singular and plural.

Present
While the present tense -yor is used for habitual events directly witnessed or observed by the speaker, the Aorist is used to express general rules and principles instead.

 * Tavşanlar otla beslenir. Rabbits eat plants.
 * İman mutluluk getirir. Faith brings happiness.
 * Burada sigara içilmez. Smoking isn't allowed here.
 * Ali çok konuşmaz. Ali doesn't speak that much.

Turning these into the Present would turn them into general observations, rather than definitive rules.

 * Tavşanlar otla besleniyor.
 * İman mutluluk getiriyor.
 * Burada sigara içilmiyor.
 * Ali çok konuşmuyor.

title: Turkish/Aorist


text: User talk:2600:387:5:803:0:0:0:3C

title: User talk:2600:387:5:803:0:0:0:3C


text:
Niw Englisch/Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence, avoiding repetitiveness in a sentence. In the Niw Englisch language, there are pronouns derived from their Old English counterparts.

First Person

 * I, my/mine, me (singular) - ic, mein, miȝ, mic
 * we two, our, us two (dual) - wit, unker, unk, unkit
 * we, our, us (plural) - wiȝ, user, us, usic

Second Person

 * thou, thy/thine, thee (singular) - þu, þein, þiȝ, þic
 * ye two, your, you two (dual) - ȝit, inker, ink, inkit
 * ye, your, you (plural) - ȝiȝ, ȝoer, ȝo, ȝoic

Third Person

 * he, his, him (masc. sing.) - he, his/sein, him, hin
 * she, her, her (fem. sing.) - schie, her, her, schie/scho
 * it, its, it (neuter sing.) - it, his/sein, him, it
 * they, their, them (plural) - hje, hjer, hjem, hje

In the third person, sein refers solely to the subject of the sentence and is inflected like her, while his is used to refer often to a person in addition to the subject when there are two men or two neuter topics.

For example:
 * John fand seinen Broðer - John found his (John's) brother
 * John fand his Broðer - John found his brother (could be John's or some other person's)
 * John and Mark soȝhten hjere Brœðer. John fand seinen Broðer and his Broðer. - John and Mark were looking for their brothers.  John found his brother and Mark's brother.

Relative Pronouns
In Niw Englisch, the most common relative pronoun is the particle þe.

Example:
 * ic fand þen Mann, þe ic soȝhte - I found the person whom I sought.

To be more specific, the definite article is used as the relative pronoun, either alone or with þe together:
 * he brow þat Gedrenk, þe he drank - he brewed the drink that he drank.
 * he brow þat Gedrenk, þat þe he drank - he brewed the drink that he drank.

They translate the same, but using the definite article with the particle is more formal and clearer as what your referencing:
 * schie soȝhte þen Mann, þe schie saw - she sought the man who saw her; she sought the man whom she saw.
 * schie soȝhte þen Mann, þen (þe) schie saw - she sought the man whom she saw.

Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are those that are asking for information, corresponding to who? what?

 * who, whose, whom - ƕa ƕas, ƕam, ƕan; unstressed ƕes, ƕem, ƕen
 * what? - ƕat, ƕas, ƕam, ƕat?

title: Niw Englisch/Pronouns


text:
Niw Englisc/Adjectives

Adjectives are the words that describe nouns. A Book becomes a red book or an old book. In Niw Englisch, adjectives agree with their noun in number, gender, and case.

Strong Declension
Examples:
 * blind girl - blind Mæȝden (nominative singular)
 * old woman - alde Frowe (nominative/accusative singular)
 * young boy's book - Bok ȝunges Kniȝhtes (genitive singular)

Weak Declension
The weak declension is found after the articles a/an and the
 * the blind boy - þat blinde Kniȝht
 * with the green book - mid þer grœnen Bok

Comparisons
All adjectives, regardless of word length or origin, add -er and -est in the comparative and superlative forms. Some umlaut, and some have irregular stems, though.

Umlauting Adjectives

 * ald, ælder, ældest - old
 * arm, ærmer, ærmst - poor
 * brad, bræder, brædest - broad
 * ferr, fierrer, fierrst - far
 * great, grietter, griettst - great
 * ȝung, ȝynger, ȝyngst - young
 * hard, hærder, hærdst - hard
 * heaȝh, hierr-, hieȝhst - high
 * lang, længer, længst - long, tall
 * naȝh, nierr, nieȝhst - near/nigh
 * schort, schœrter, schœrtst - short
 * soft, sœfter, sœftest - soft
 * strang, strænger, strængst - strong
 * swot, swœter, swœtst - sweet
 * sur, syrer, syrst - sour
 * wak, wæker, wækst - weak

title: Niw Englisc/Adjectives


text:
Niw Englisch/Kapitel 1

This chapter will deal with the basic aspects of Niw Englisch word order. Further comments will be made in later chapters.

Subject - Inflected Verb
In clauses that stand alone, a main clause, the subject commonly appears in the first position, followed by the inflected, or conjugated, verb. The inflected verb then takes the personal ending that agrees with the subject.

In modern English, an adverb may be placed between the subject and the verb. In Niw Englisch, this cannot be done. The verb must be the second element in the sentence.

Inverted Word Order - Element X-Inflected Verb-Subject
When you wish to emphasize information and to establish a topic of a sentence, elements other than the subject often appear in the first position. Those elements are most often adverbial expressions. For stylistic reasons, it is important for you to vary the elements in the first position in order to avoid beginning too many sentences with the subject when you write in Niw Englisch. Please note that in Niw Englisch, similar to how German works, does not set off such elements with a comma.

Other elements, such as the grammatical object or a participle, occasionally also occur in the first position. They may be used to connect sentences effectively, to respond directly to a previous statement, or to emphasize something.

When an element other than the subject of the sentence occurs in the first position, the inflected verb must remain in the second position. The subject follows the inflected verb. To summarize, the subject of a given statement typically appears first, but if anything else appears in the first position, the subject of the sentence must appear directly after the verb.

Gefremmung 1-1
Understandung Identify the subject of each sentence below.
 * 1) Þen Lernryne hœdeþ Michael ælcen Tiwsdæȝ and Þunersdæȝ.
 * 2) Þie Friende besœkeþ Hannah om Wukenende.
 * 3) Æfens gæþ Kristina oft mid Hannah int Kino.
 * 4) Andi brœmþ om Sunnendæȝ seinen 30. Gebyrddæȝ.
 * 5) Þen Kaken bringeþ Erika and Katrina.
 * 6) Þie Gedrenke geholþ Kristine.

Gefremmung 1-2
Geþiedung Restate the following sentences by using the bolded words at the beginning, following the grammar reviewed above.

Example: ic ga þissen Æfen mid Karl int Kino. -> Þissen Æfen ga ic mid Karl int Kino.

title: Niw Englisch/Kapitel 1


text:
Cookbook:Limewater

Limewater is a saturated alkaline solution of calcium hydroxide that can be used in a variety of cuisines. Food-grade calcium hydroxide or lime paste can be purchased and mixed with water to make a saturated solution.

Recipes using limewater

 * Kanom Piak Poon (Thai Coconut and Pandan Pudding)

Additional Resources

 * https://www.thaitable.com/thai/ingredient/limewater

title: Cookbook:Limewater


text: Template:CiteQuran Ayah

title: Template:CiteQuran Ayah


text:
Template:CiteQuran Ayah/doc

A Template to makes citations of the Quran, linking to pages of https://quran.com.

Usage
This template is used to provide reference of Quran Verses.

Basic Code format:

 * OR Shortcut

Advance Code format:

Optional Parameters
1. b
 * b, short-form of begin. It make the cite to begin cite with the word Quran.
 * It has two value:
 * y, short for yes, To add and begin cite with the word Quran. e.g.   Output:

 * yl, short for yes with link, To add and begin with the word Quran with link of word 'Quran' to it's Wikipedia page.

 * e.g.  Output:

2. s
 * s, short-form of Superscript. It add cites in superscript style.
 * It has only one value,
 * y short for yes e.g.  Output:

3. c
 * c, short-form of Chapter (Surah). It add and begin cite with the Surah (Chapter) Name. There is no effect of s parameter on it. It is recommended to not use this together with b parameter.
 * It has only one value,
 * y short for yes e.g.  Output:

4. t
 * t, short-form of translation. It is use to add a specific translation, like The Clear Quran, Sahih International, Tafhim-ul-Quran and translation of Abdul Haleem, Pickthall, Yusuf Ali and other popular Quran translations. Translation name will be always in superscript.

 * e.g.  Output:

 * It has following value.
 * c for The Clear Quran

 * si for Sahih International

 * tq for Tafhim-ul-Quran

 * h for Abdul Haleem

 * p for Pickthall

 * y for Yusuf Ali

Example

 * Output:

 * Output: to cite entire Surah (chapter).

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

 * Output:

TemplateData
{	"params": { "1": {			"label": "Surah (Chapter)", "description": "Enter Surah (Chapter) Number e.g. 4. To cite entire Surah (chapter), don't give Ayah (verse) number.", "type": "number", "required": true, "example": "4" },		"2": {			"label": "Ayah (Verse or Range of Verse)", "description": "Enter Ayah (Verses) Number e.g. 2, or Range of Verse e.g. 2-7. To cite entire Surah (chapter), leave this blank.", "type": "number", "example": "2 or 2-7", "suggested": true },		"s": { "label": "Superscript (Optional)", "description": "It add cites in superscript style. To add, type ' y '.", "example": "y ", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "y" ],			"suggested": true },		"b": { "label": "Add Word Quran (Optional)", "description": "It make the cite to begin with the word Quran. Type ' y ' to add and begin with the word Quran which show as 'Quran 3:24'. Type ' yl ' to add the word Quran with link of word 'Quran' to it's Wikipedia page. Avoid use of yl, more than once in a single article as per MOS:REPEATLINK.", "example": "y or yl", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "y", "yl" ],			"suggested": true },		"c": { "label": "Add Chapter (Surah) Name. (Optional)", "description": "It add and begin cite with the Surah (Chapter) Name. There is no effect of s parameter on it. It is recommended to not use this together with b parameter.", "example": "y", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "y" ],			"suggested": true },		"t": { "label": "Add Specific Translation (Optional)", "description": "It is use to add a specific translation, like The Clear Quran, Sahih International, Tafhim-ul-Quran and translation of Abdul Haleem, Pickthall, Yusuf Ali and other popular Quran translations. Translation name will be always in superscript. Give these values: c for The Clear Quran, si for Sahih International, tq for Tafhim-ul-Quran, h for Abdul Haleem, p for Pickthall, y for Yusuf Ali", "example": "c or si", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "c", "si", "tq", "h", "y", "p" ],			"suggested": true }	},	"description": "Cite Quran Verse/Chapter with Translation from quran.com. This Template will create a link of Ayah (verse), range of Ayah (verse) or just an entire Surah (Chapter). This is CiteQuran Ayah Template.", "paramOrder": [ "1",		"2",		"s", "b", "c", "t" ] }

title: Template:CiteQuran Ayah/doc


text:
Talk:Ada Programming/Aspects

Default value for Boolean aspects
> Values of aspects not specified are left to the compiler;  valued aspects have the default value  .

Hi

Isn't it the opposite? implies  or   is the same as.

Update: I see now that you refer to the case when the aspect is not specified at all, and I was referring to the case when the aspect *value* is not specified. Maybe we should add both circumstances.

-- ManuelGR (discuss • contribs) 12:22, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

Hi Manuel,

you're right, the wording is not optimal. I'll try to improve the text.

Christoph

Hm, I guess saying the "default for unspecified boolean aspects is False" is wrong. Take as example the aspects Pack and Inline. For Pack, the following pairs of two lines are the same.

type Bool_Arr is array (Index) of Boolean with Pack; type Bool_Arr is array (Index) of Boolean with Pack => True;

type Bool_Arr is array (Index) of Boolean; type Bool_Arr is array (Index) of Boolean with Pack => False;

However for Inline, it's different. The compiler is free to inline any subprogram when optimizing code. On the other hand, specifying Inline may be ignored. For GNAT, a compiler option is needed for inlining.

CKWG - Ada Magica (discuss • contribs) 09:46, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

 * That's because Inline is a recommendation to the compiler, but in fact, when the aspect is not specified, its value (the recommendation) is False. I don't know if this default applies to all the aspects, but for Inline I've found this:
 * 5.2/3
 * If directly specified, the aspect_definition shall be a static expression. [This aspect is never inherited;] if not directly specified, the aspect is False.
 * -- ManuelGR (discuss • contribs) 19:59, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ada Programming/Aspects


text:
Cookbook:Plastic Wrap

Plastic wrap, also known as cling film, Saran wrap, or food wrap, is a thin plastic film that can be used in food preparation.

Uses
Plastic wrap has many uses in food preparation. These include, but are not limited to:

 * Wrapping or covering dough to protect it from the environment.
 * Sealing open containers of food.
 * Placing on the surface of a pudding or custard to prevent a skin from forming.

title: Cookbook:Plastic Wrap


text:
User:ACOR-UK/sandbox

This is a sandbox apparently, so I guess it is for learning how to use Wikibooks...

title: User:ACOR-UK/sandbox


text:
User:BlueEyedBuzzard

Hello! I am currently outlining to finish the bass guitar book.

title: User:BlueEyedBuzzard


text:
User:BlueEyedBuzzard/sandbox

Development of the Bass Guitar

Prior to the invention of the bass guitar, the upright, or double bass was the go-to instrument for low-end accompaniment. A member of the viol family, the double bass stands at about 6 ft.(2m) tall making its transport impractical for most.

The first electric bass guitar was first invented in the 1930's by American Inventor Paul Tutmarc. His early versions of the bass guitar featured a shorter scale-length, a single-pickup and were never mass produced. In October of 1951, the Fender company began production of Leo Fender's new Precision Bass (P-Bass) Design. The P-Bass revolutionized life for professional bassists as it made travelling to and from venues much easier than before. With the addition of frets, it also allowed easier transition to the instrument for guitar players. In 1960, Fender began production of the Jazz Bass (J-Bass) Design.

title: User:BlueEyedBuzzard/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Butterbrot

Butterbrot (literally: butter bread) is the German term for a slice of bread spread with butter. It may also have other toppings. The term butterbrod has also been adopted in Russian, although the meaning is more general than the original German.

title: Cookbook:Butterbrot


text:
User talk:185.201.174.203

Your edits are unconstrucitve96.18.219.55 (discuss) 17:24, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:185.201.174.203


text:
Cookbook:Pandan

Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) is a tropical plant whose leaves are used in South and Southeast Asian cuisine. It contributes both flavor and green color to foods. The leaves can be found fresh, frozen, or dried. Pandan pastes, extracts, and powders also exist.

title: Cookbook:Pandan


text:
Cookbook:Sago

Sago is the starch extracted from certain palm trees. It can take the form of granules, pearls, or a powder/flour.

title: Cookbook:Sago


text:
User talk:Tgregtregretgtr

Language
Hey Tgregtregretgtr. Your comments calling other people's work as "dumpster trash" and making edit summaries like this do not correspond with our policy on being civil. If you want to put a page up for WB:RFD, it is better to comment on the quality of the page in accordance with our deletion policy, rather than projecting your own opinion of it. I'm kindly letting you know that your language is not acceptable and I ask you to improve your tone when interacting/commentating on work made by others. Please ask if you have any questions. Thanks! —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 20:40, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
 * OK,is my (new) Rfd nom civil??? It's at the bottom of the page. Tgregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 20:46, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I've replied. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 21:04, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

Warning
—Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 22:16, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

I like your user page
Not sure if this is the place for this comment, but I really like the style of your user page. -Gifnk dlm 2020 From Middle English Wikipedia 📜📖💻 (talk) 09:57, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

FYI
See Reading room/Administrative Assistance. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 09:45, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

Last chance
Per Special:Diff/4031709 you have accepted my final offer.

My offer is for you to restict your editing to high quality edits in mainspace, unless it is absolutely necessary to edit elsewhere. Mainspace talk, and your userspace and talk, are also fine to edit.

Be warned that this may be your last chance to remain here, any deviation from this could result in you being blocked from editing.

-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:21, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

Questions regarding contributing

 * Question. How long will I have to stick with this offer? Please do not block me for asking. T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 23:12, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Look how about doing some solid mainspace editing and see how things work out? If you can show the community that you've mended your ways it is likely you'll be fully accepted again. But best to leave it a few months at least. By the way, pinging me to ask sensible questions like this is fine. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 23:40, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Question. Are Cookbook and Wikijunior namespaces (and their talk pages) allowed? T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 19:02, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes they are fine as long as they are high quality edits. Also you might need to create or alter book categories for new books. Also if you want to ping people for sensible reasons it's fine.
 * Look I should be around for queries such as these. But if I don't answer you could maybe ping Atcovi. If neither of us answer, you could then post queries somewhere like Reading room/Assistance for further guidance. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:58, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Why do I suddenly have rollback? I did not RFP myself. T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 23:06, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * See Reviewers, you've been automatically promoted. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 23:09, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Can I warn users who vandalize? T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 17:43, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

I can see you've reverted some vandalism. Thanks for that. I agree that it is necessary to warn them about this. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:40, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I uploaded a photo and put it on my sandbox page, it's my work, the font is "Some Time Later Font" which I checked, is in the public domain. T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 17:40, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * As far as I'm aware it's fine. But if you wanted to make extra sure, c:Commons:Village pump/Copyright is the place to ask. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:27, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry to interject. Before asking on Commons I wanted to note a slight potential error, which while probably inconsequential, may help the folks on Commons better help you if you ask them about hosting the image there.
 * If the "Some Time Later" font is the one I'm thinking of, it's not actually public domain, but it's licence is pretty close for the purpose of adding text to a photo, and the SIL OFL licence is often compatible with Commons, (Thus the template commons:Template:OFL). Since the font uses an extremely permissible licence in this context, you're probably in the clear. Still, I'd ask on Commons as Jules mentioned just to be on the safe side. Many major font websites that host open source fonts lump them in with Public Domain and other freely usable typefaces, or are simply mislabeled as public domain, which is what I saw when I first looked up this font out of curiosity.
 * If I'm looking at the wrong font, then please ignore this message. Just a casual typography nerd hoping to make your time on Commons go more smoothly. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 23:15, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * According to the decision in Eltra Corp vs. Ringer, typeface designs are not copyrightable. T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 23:34, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Indeed, that is the case in the United States of America, which is the jurisdiction Commons is most concerned about (Since that is where the Wikimedia Foundation and most associated infrastructure is hosted). This is also what protects the font "Some Time Later" in the use of glphys near identical to those used in "SpongeBob SquarePants". Commons tends to be conservative with licence stuff is all, so I just wanted to make sure you have an easier time there. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 23:42, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

Decistage
Hi, thank you very much for your contributions to Minecraft resource gathering. Don’t forget after creating a new page, to update the decistage template near it to at lest 1. - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 12:23, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

I've been thinking...
Should the rest of User:Tok Pisin Minecrafter's contribs be reverted? T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Hey! Sorry but I didn't get your ping, but I've reverted their contributions. Thanks for bringing this up. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 01:25, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * All right, why did my talk page get vandalised? Also, click the links in my user page. Also,would a book on how to rickroll/ avoid being rickrolled be approprriate for here? T.Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs rules< not a rick roll i promise 22:23, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been blocked indefinitely for persistent vandalism using multiple accounts. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 08:13, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tgregtregretgtr


text:
User:Đức Anh/sandbox

Đây là chỗ thử

title: User:Đức Anh/sandbox


text:
User:Philosophy2

I like books.

title: User:Philosophy2


text:
Canadian Refugee Procedure/98 - Exclusion — Refugee Convention

IRPA Section 98
Section 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act reads: Exclusion — Refugee Convention

98 A person referred to in section E or F of Article 1 of the Refugee Convention is not a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection.

Commentary
See RPD Rules: Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 26-28 - Exclusion, Integrity Issues, Inadmissibility and Ineligibility.


text:
User talk:68.151.193.35

--68.151.193.35 (discuss) 07:40, 11 January 2022 (UTC)wtf u want discuss what

title: User talk:68.151.193.35


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Qatar/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Qatar/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Qatar

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Qatar


text:
User talk:Leangchhe

Hello, source texts are not permitted on Wikibooks. Assuming the constitution you are uploading is freely licensed or in the public domain, you should add it to Wikisource, not Wikibooks. Thanks. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 09:14, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leangchhe


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Republic of the Congo


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Republic of the Congo/Image


text:
Cookbook:Jambons (Cheese and Ham Pastries)

| Meat recipes | Cuisine of Ireland

Jambons are a type of square pastry filled with cheese and ham. The name is derived from the French word for ham, and they are common in Ireland and the UK.

Ingredients

 * 1 sheet of puff pastry
 * 1 tbsp plain flour
 * 1 tbsp butter
 * 250 ml milk
 * 200 g diced ham
 * 150 g grated cheese (Dubliner Cheese recommended, can be substituted)
 * 1 egg

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 200°C (400°F).
 * 2) Melt butter over medium heat and add flour. Cook for 5 minutes and begin adding milk gradually until the mixture thickens.
 * 3) Cut your pre-prepared puff pastry into squares and spoon a generous amount of the mixture onto each square. Sprinkle some ham and grated cheese on top.
 * 4) Fold the corners of the puff pastry so that they meet in the centre, forming a panier feuilleté (puff pastry basket) shape.
 * 5) Beat the egg and brush it over each sealed panier feuilleté.
 * 6) Bake for 20–25 minutes until puffed and golden brown.


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Saudi Arabia

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Saudi Arabia


text: User talk:41.116.72.144

title: User talk:41.116.72.144


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Saudi Arabia/Image


text:
A Guide to Animal Crossing/Villagers

There are a number of villages who can interact with the player in Animal Crossing.

title: A Guide to Animal Crossing/Villagers


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Eswatini

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Eswatini


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Eswatini/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Eswatini/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Syria

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Syria


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Syria/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Syria/Image


text:
User:Caribbean Baby

"You can't go back and change the beginning, but you can start where you are and change the ending"- C.S Lewis

"The future belongs who believe in the beauty of their dreams"- Eleanor Roosevelt

"Good, better, best. Never let it rest. 'Till your good is better and your better is best."- St. Jerome

title: User:Caribbean Baby


text:
Themes in Literature/Isolation and Community/The Selfish Giant

Text
Here is the text for the Selfish Giant

Summary
A Giant had a beautiful garden where children loved to play in while the Giant had been abroad for seven years and when he returned, he was upset to find the children playing in his garden, so he built a wall around it to keep them out and put up a sign threatening anyone who entered the garden without Giant’s permission. From then on, the children were forced to play on the dusty, hard road. Because of this selfish act, Spring, Summer, and Autumn stopped being interested in visiting the Giant’s garden and only Winter existed there. As the months passed, the Giant became very puzzled as to why the seasons did not change, but one morning he finally heard a bird singing in the garden. When he looked out the window he saw that the children had sneaked into the garden, causing Spring to come back and the trees and flowers to blossom again. Still, Winter remained in one part of the garden where a little boy was crying because he was unable to reach up and climb a nearby tree. The Giant then understood that his selfishness had caused Spring to avoid his garden and he felt very sorry, resolving to destroy the wall so the children could play in it whenever they want.

But when the Giant went into the garden, the children ran away, afraid of him, except for the little boy who was still crying; so the Giant picked him up gently and helped him up into the tree, which immediately burst into bloom and filled with singing birds. The little boy then kissed the Giant for helping him.

The Giant then tore down the wall and let the children play in the garden as much as they wanted. When the evening came and the children had to go home, the Giant looked for the little boy who had kissed him, but he was nowhere to be found and the other children did not know who he was or where he lived. Many years would pass before the Giant saw the little boy again.

At the end of the story, the Giant was old and it was Winter in his garden again. He looked out of the window and saw a golden tree with silver fruit and white flowers--and under this golden tree is the little boy that he loved best of all the children. Filled with joy, he ran down to meet him but then turned angry because the child had wounds in his hands and feet. The Giant demanded to know who had hurt his friend, but the little boy told him not to be angry because the wounds in his hands and feet represent divine love: he is Christ, and to reward the Giant’s generosity, he has come to take him to God’s garden, which is Paradise.

Analysis
The short story “The Selfish Giant”, is a Christian story Its main message is that selfishness does not pay off, as it can lead to misery. We see in the story that the Giant did not want the children playing in his garden and built a wall enclosing it. He explains himself by saying, "My own garden is my own garden, anyone can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself." The garden represents the Giant’s heart. As a result of the Giant’s wall, Spring did not come and Winter, Hail, Snow, and Frost stayed. This is much like how the Giant's heart was cold.

Even though he achieves his goal of being the only one to enjoy the garden, the Giant was unhappy. In the story, we see that the Giant wonders of when Spring will come: “ ‘I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming,’ said the Giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden; ‘I hope there will be a change in the weather.’ ” Spring is a beautiful time when everything is pretty and becoming full of life again. Spring is also significant in the story as Easter is in spring, which also is the time of Jesus' resurrection. A time where it is remembered that Jesus Christ dies showing his love for his people and pays for their sins and lives again in three days.

It is only when the children are allowed back into the garden to play that Spring comes back and the Giant himself feels better and just like the weather his heart softens and becomes beautiful again:

"One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It sounded so sweet to his ears that he thought it must be the King's musicians passing by. It was really only a little linnet singing outside his window, but it was so long since he had heard a bird sing in his garden that it seemed to him to be the most beautiful music in the world..” “.And the Giant's heart melted as he looked out.'"

This relates to isolation and community as when you are isolated and by yourself, you may not be happy, and if you have something to offer your community you should and you may even be rewarded for such actions.

In the end, the Giant was rewarded for what he has done in changing his ways and becoming charitable and kind to others, behaviors that are highly looked upon in Christianity.

The little boy who was always at the very corner is Christ in disguise:

“ For on the palms of the child's hands were the prints of two nails, and the prints of two nails were on the little feet.” We know Christ was nailed to a cross for his people and died to pay for their sins. And the Giant was redeemed for the way he had been and thus was able to enter Paradise. It is important to recognize this as in the story we know that the Giant was redeemed and the Giant is accepted by Christ and into his “garden” of paradise which we know as heaven. By this, it is also perceived that the Giant has been accepted into the Christian community. In this story, the characters and objects are symbols. For instance, the garden represents the Giant’s heart and putting up the wall the Giant is not allowing anyone in or guarding himself rather and not being kind or genuine, thinking it would be better. But of course, we see it is not the truth and when the walls are broken down allowing children to play representing innocence, sweet, goodwill nature, redemption is, therefore, is given when done. The different weathers were much like people as the nice things like the blossoming of flowers and fruits didn’t happen. Also showing how they did not want to be with the Giant. As the story says, “But the Spring never came, nor the Summer. The Autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to the Giant’s garden she gave none. "He is too selfish," she said. We can all relate to this as our own friends may not want to hang around us if we are not kind to them.

Questions To Think About

 * 1) When was the last nice deed you did for someone? What was it and why?
 * 2) Did you think it was nice of the Selfish Giant to keep the children from playing in his garden?
 * 3) How did the Giant try to be nice to the children towards the end of the story?

 * 1) How did the Giant change from the beginning of the story to the end?

Word Scramble!
Complete the fun word scramble below and remember key things from the story! Click to find out the answers!


text: User talk:80.195.74.226

title: User talk:80.195.74.226


text:
Minecraft resource gathering/Charcoal

Charcoal is a renewable fuel and crafting ingredient obtained by smelting logs. In most recipies that would require coal, charcoal can be used as a substitute. This makes it most valuable in the early game, when coal is scarce.

Obtaining
You get Charcoal by smelting logs in a furnace. You can use any source of fuel, such as planks (a sensible choice if you have access to lots of wood), coal or charcoal, and even lava buckets or blaze rods.

Uses
Charcoal is in many cases, a valid alternative to coal. It can be used as fuel, with each charcoal smelting 8 items. However, you can’t craft charcoal blocks like you can coal blocks.

Also, it’s used in the crafting recipes of campfires, fire charges, torches, and soul torches, as an alternative to regular coal.

title: Minecraft resource gathering/Charcoal


text: The Wrestling Universe/Printable version


text:
User talk:179.6.160.231

Blocked
You cannot edit for 2 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 20:42, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:179.6.160.231


text:
User talk:Stang

Welcome!
Welcome, Stang!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 20:44, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stang


text:
User talk:144.121.246.250

PLEASE STOP VANDALIZING OR YOU WILL BE BLOCKED,OK! Tgregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 20:53, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

Blocked
You cannot edit for 3 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 20:53, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

See?
Per Atcovi,you have been blocked due to vandalism. Tgregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 20:55, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:144.121.246.250


text:
Minecraft resource gathering/Coal

Obtaining
Coal is found underground on any level and can be mined with any pickaxe. If you use a pickaxe enchanted with Silk Touch, it will drop the ore, which is pretty useless except for decoration. If your pickaxe is enchanted with fortune, you will get multiple pieces of coal.

Coal can also drop from the dangerous Wither Skeleton.

Uses
Coal can be used as a fuel. One piece of coal can smelt 8 items. However a Block Of Coal (crafted with 9 coal) can smelt 80 items. Blocks of coal can also be used as decoration. If you like the way they look, you might want to use charcoal, blaze rods, or lava as your primary source of fuel instead.

title: Minecraft resource gathering/Coal


text:
User talk:Kristina Douglas

Welcome!
Welcome, Kristina Douglas!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 20:04, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Thank you for your warm welcome 😍🤗 Kristina Douglas (discuss • contribs) 20:44, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

About the alien story
Please if you've readed the story please add suggestions in the discussion page so I can how yo feel of the story cause I am thinking of realising it Kristina Douglas (discuss • contribs) 20:43, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kristina Douglas


text:
User:Kristina Douglas

The Alien Princess

Plot

Act 1 Scene 1

Once upon a time the was a princess named Gabriella she Lived with her Parents in a Fictional planet called rafcolonial.

Gabriella:Hello mom and dad.

Dad :There is something I want to tell you sweetie.That I will be Teleporting you  to earth.

Gabriella:But why dad.

Mom:Cause our planet will soon Expload.

Dad :Yes in about 90 minutes.

Gabriella: But we will I be staying and where Will you go to.

Mom:Don't worry about us and the Organization will arrange that.

Gabriella: okay (crying) í wilľ miss you and bye

Mom and dad: will miss you too ( crying )

narrator:as she teleports and she arrives at the organization.

Miss MBALI:hi Gabriella nice to meet you your majesty.

Gabriella: HI MISS MBALI and nice to meet you to are you my agent

MISS MBALI:Yes I am so you are going to be staying at Beverly hills with agency  parents is Kelly Clarkson mom 32yrs old. Nathaniel Clarkson dad 36 yrs old.

Gabriella :thanks for the information so where do I disguise  at

MISS MBALI:My assistant Will show you where.

End of scene to be continued

title: User:Kristina Douglas


text:
User talk:Sinus46

A Barnstar For You!
T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 15:56, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer!
You are now a Reviewer! (I do not know what that means, but it is probably a good thing.) T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 23:03, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sinus46


text:
Talk:Minecraft resource gathering

Some goals:

 * 1) Get all the sub-pages to deci-stage 3.

Are these goals realistic? T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 21:37, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , Ping only works in signed edits. The first definitely is realistic but the second isn’t something you can really control. Using socks is against the policy of Wb so don’t do that. Also I don’t see what’s the point in trying to receive a certain amount of authors. Some great books have just 1 or 2. - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 07:13, 9 February 2022 (UTC)

Book renamed
Minecraft Mobs was renamed to Minecraft (due to me wanting to change the content included). If a mob link leads to Minecraft Mobs/ , please change it to Minecraft/ . L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 08:03, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
 * And is there some way I could make the book without making this one obsolete? I really like both of them. Thanks. Note: this book focuses on all versions, mine is for the most recent version, bedrock and java. L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 11:41, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

 * , sorry for the late reply. I think you have addressed your own concern here. Though there is a partial overlap in the scope of the books, this book focuses on all versions. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 16:32, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks. 17:01, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Future:
Do you think we would be adding more items? Jerryy147 (discuss • contribs) 01:33, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes unless Minecraft is announced to be discontinued next week. Which seems extremely unlikely. 21:45, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

Should we capitalise names of in-game features (in-game names)?
When in-game features (e.g. blocks, items or structures) are mentioned in Minecraft itself, they are always capitalised (source). I happened to stick to this rule when writing sections of this book, but perhaps it would be more suitable to keep them in sentence case.

An example sentence that capitalises in-game names: "Sneak near a Sculk Sensor or Warden to prevent it from detecting you."

How has this been handled previously?

 * In-game names are currently inconsistently capitalised in this book (e.g. Coal) but seem to mostly be uncapitalised. Apple was heavily edited by me and fully capitalises in-game names, unlike most pages.
 * For the two other Minecraft books
 * Minecraft Speedrunning inconsistently capitalises structures and dimensions, and doesn't capitalise any other names
 * Minecraft has a style guide that states that in-game names shouldn't be capitalised (apart from dimensions).
 * The old "Minecraft Wiki" on Gamepedia (a mature project with a large community) only capitalises enchantments, status effects, and game modes (style guide original discussion from 2012)
 * The The Legend of Zelda book capitalises item names to avoid ambiguity: "If you have the Ladder, you can collect the Heart Container that is positioned on the far dock."
 * StrategyWiki's Minecraft section appears to capitalise in-game names, e.g. "With Coblestone [sic] you can make Stone Tools and Furnaces."

Possible advantages of capitalisation

 * Makes it clear that a specific game feature is being mentioned, avoiding ambiguity e.g. "higher Fortune levels increase the chance of this drop" or "avoid getting Bad Omen".
 * This is likely more important for status effects and enchantments and structures than it is for blocks and items
 * Italics, quote marks, links, or rephrasing the sentence could help with ambiguity
 * Players are potentially already used to seeing feature names capitalised in advancement descriptions and other parts of the game
 * Consistency with the capitalisation of page titles, e.g. Minecraft resource gathering/Nether Quartz (maybe this should be changed too?)

Possible advantages of sentence case

 * Sentences can be nicer to read when they aren't filled with "randomly" capitalised words
 * The long-form nature of Wikibooks textbooks means that lots of capitalisation quickly gets cumbersome for readers
 * It matches most other Minecraft guides and publications online
 * It's probably more natural to write in-game names in sentence case

Discussion
Feel free to add any thoughts, opinions or ideas below. There's no requirement to have contributed to the book or done extensive research - each perspective is valuable! BEANS X2 (discuss • contribs) 09:37, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I chose sentence casing since it seemed more natural. I think capitalizing in-game names is fine, as long as youre not reading lots and lots of words. So it probably wont suit this book. 15:52, 5 April 2023 (UTC)
 * That makes sense, and it's pretty much the same conclusion that I came to while researching this. Inheriting the old Minecraft Wiki's guidelines seems like the most sensible option for this book. --BEANS X2 (discuss • contribs) 20:37, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minecraft resource gathering


text:
Flora of New York/iTax-break

/Templates
 * -style="background-color:#f0f0f0; font-size:11px; line-height:11px"

title: Flora of New York/iTax-break


text:
User:Crafter4017

More commonly seen on Fandom-based wikis as Commander4019.

title: User:Crafter4017


text: Talk:Wikipage/Cover Page

title: Talk:Wikipage/Cover Page


text:
User:Wikipage de Jaqueline

Wikipage

Criação: Profª I. Es. Jaqueline

Nome: Jaqueline Albuquerque de Freitas Nascimento: 31/10/1984

Paranapanema, SP - Brasil

Página criada com http://sites.google.com

Wikipage
Sistema VTI

VEÍCULO DE TRANSMISSÃO INTERCONECTADO

Descrição: Meio de transmissão de informações biotecnológicas.

Criação: HOLOGRÄPHYCIA

Estudo: Fisiobioquímica e Physiönaturismo.

→ Wikipage -》》

Criação: Profª I. Es. Jaqueline

Endereço Eletrônico
Wikipage de Jaqueline

http://www.wikipage.wiki.br

http://www.jaqueline.wiki.br

https://anchor.fm/wikiradiovti

title: User:Wikipage de Jaqueline


text:
User talk:Wikipage de Jaqueline

Salve a Natureza!

title: User talk:Wikipage de Jaqueline


text:
User:Wikipage de Jaqueline/sandbox

MURAL

title: User:Wikipage de Jaqueline/sandbox


text:
User talk:Kindly Copyeditor

Welcome!
Welcome, Kindly Copyeditor!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 12:37, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kindly Copyeditor


text:
User talk:Crafter4017

Welcome!
Welcome, Crafter4017!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 12:37, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crafter4017


text:
User:Yodas henchman/sandbox

Test

title: User:Yodas henchman/sandbox


text:
A Guide to Animal Crossing/E-Reader

The E-Reader can be used to get letters from villagers or play mini games.

Because an E-Reader is a GameBoy Advance accessory, it requires an GameBoy Advance adapter cable to use with the game.

title: A Guide to Animal Crossing/E-Reader


text:
PostgreSQL/Page Layout

PostgreSQL organizes data and associated indices in separate files: one file per table plus one file per index. Files are divided into blocks of 8192 bytes (8 KiB). This is the smallest unit of PostgreSQL's disc I/Os. Currently used blocks are mirrored 1:1 in the Shared Memory of the instance. Within PostgreSQL, a 'block' is often called a 'page' though the term 'page' may be differently interpreted by the underlying file system, e.g.: 4 KiB or some other 2^n value.

All pages of data files are logically equivalent, whereas index files use different page types depending on the needs of the index (meta page, root page, internal tree page, leaf page, ...). Nevertheless, the physical layout for pages of data files and of all types of index files is identical.

Each page consists of 5 major components
 * 1) Page Header: General information about the page.
 * 2) ItemIds: Array of pointers to Items. It grows or shrinks over time.
 * 3) Free Space: The unused space of the page.
 * 4) Items: A set of actual data respectively rows or a set of index entries. It grows or shrinks over time.
 * 5) Special Space: Data files don't use it. Index files structure it depending on the needs of the index type.

Every additional row or index entry creates a new ItemId at the end of the 2. component plus a new Item at the beginning of the 4. component. As a result, the free space shrinks from both its left and right side.

The Page Header consists of 24 bytes and contains information like a page checksum, offset to start and end of free space or to special space, information for WAL handling, the layout version number, and some more flags.

Every ItemId consists of 4 bytes and contains the offset to and the length of the corresponding Item.

In the case of data files, every Item (= row) consists of:

 * Item Header: 23 bytes containing various transaction IDs, current or newer tuple ID, offset to data, and various flags.
 * Null Bit Map: Marker for such columns which are currently NULL. The map is optional: if a table contains only non-nullable columns, it is superfluous.
 * Data: The value of every attribute of the row - if not NULL. The sequence and types of attributes are stored in the system schema. In the case of variable-length data types, the currently used length is stored at the beginning of the attribute.

In the case of index files, Items consist of index entries, which are differently structured depending on the index type.

The Special Space is only used by index files for their individual purpose, e.g.: page number, page type, (double-)linked list within pages of the same level, tree-level, ... . Data files don't need such additional information. They are organized as a heap, which means that their pages are logically equivalent without any special order or hierarchy between pages. Additional data is always put to the next free space or to a freshly allocated page.

Often, parts of data files are read and written directly by their page number. But it's not unusual that they are read completely. This is done by a sequential scan. Such comprehensive sequential accesses (as an analogy for following a linked list in an index file) are - in most cases - optimized by the underlying file system by its read-ahead technique. This helps especially for files located on a rotating disc (HDD) whereas for SSDs this advantage vanishes a little.

title: PostgreSQL/Page Layout


text:
Talk:Ada Style Guide/Program Structure

I miss a discussion on organizing package and test suites. In particular, to have both that a single package can be easily and quickly tested by a developer, while the whole system has a single entry point to build and test all.

title: Talk:Ada Style Guide/Program Structure


text:
User talk:2402:8100:235E:5382:BC8F:5E5E:54BA:DA4B

Talk
Hey 173.217.184.254 (discuss) 21:49, 21 August 2022 (UTC)


text:
Template:The Turkish Barnstar

This is the Turkish Barnstar. It can be awarded to any user who makes contributions to Turkey-related books. And you:, get the barnstar.

title: Template:The Turkish Barnstar


text:
German/Grammar/Possessives and the genitive case

Possessives and the genitive case
There is one remaining German case to cover, the genitive. Unlike the other cases, which are used to tell you the relationship between a noun and the verb, the genitive is used to tell you the relationship between a noun and another noun. Specifically, it's the same relationship expressed by possessive pronouns and determiners, except there are no special pronouns involved here. Note that possessive pronouns are not examples of the genitive case since they are declined by the case of the thing being "owned". So the genitive in German is usually only applied to nouns and replaces the "'s" suffix in English that shows ownership.

The German genitive case is almost always used when the English possessive is applicable, and it's often used when the preposition "of" is used in English with the alternative being the preposition von. You may want to review the terminology in the section on pronomial possessives to refresh your memory on the distinction between grammatical possession and actual ownership.

It is often said, and there's no point in omitting it here, that the genitive is disappearing from German. Its function can, and often is, replaced by something else, usually the preposition von. While this may be so, the process seems to be taking place very slowly and it seems unlikely that it will be done any time soon. So, while it's not as common as the other cases, it is still used enough to make it necessary to learn the grammar associated with it. We could postpone discussing it because it's not used as frequently, but much further delay will cause problems since we still have a lot to do with declension and it makes sense to do all the cases at once when we cover the rest of it.

Forming the genitive
In English, possession is usually shown by adding "'s" to the end of the noun; this is what we're calling the possessive case. In German, most word types have different forms for the genitive, though there is some similarity between the genitive and the dative.

The genitive of a noun phrase modifies a noun. In this way it's similar to an adjective except that it's usually (but not always) placed after the noun it modifies.

The genitive articles
In the genitive case, the definite articles are: and the indefinite articles are:
 * des – "the" (with masculine nouns)
 * der – "the" (with feminine nouns)
 * des – "the" (with neuter nouns)
 * der - "the" (with plural nouns, of any gender)
 * eines – "a(n)" (with masculine nouns)
 * einer – "a(n)" (with feminine nouns)
 * eines – "a(n)" (with neuter nouns)
 * (nothing) - (nothing) (with plural nouns)

Examples:
 * Wir wohnen am Fuß des Berges. – "We live at the foot of the mountain."
 * This could also be translated as "We live at the mountain's foot," but from now on we'll just list the version that seems more idiomatic. Mountains don't actually have feet of course, and if they did you wouldn't say they "owned" them, so this is an example of close connection rather than ownership.
 * Sie bringt Freude ins Leben der Leute. – "She brings joy into people's lives."
 * Ich habe ein Foto eines Hundes. – "I have a photo of a dog."
 * Ich liebe den Geruch einer Blume. – "I love the smell of a flower."
 * Der Dotter eines Eies ist gelb. – "The yolk of an egg is yellow."
 * Das Haus des Bürgermeisters ist groß. – "The mayor's house is large."
 * Die Leute der Stadt sind zufrieden. – "The city's people are contented."
 * Das Spielzeug des Kindes ist bunt. – "The child's toy is colorful."
 * Die Schule der Kinder ist gut. – "The children's school is good."

You may notice that the noun endings are declined here, and we'll talk about this a bit.

The endings of ein words such as possessive determiners are the same as the endings of the indefinite articles here as with the other cases. The genitives of a possessive determiners are useful for a chain of possession where X belongs to Y which in turn belongs to Z:
 * Das Handy meines Sohnes ist kaputt. – "My son's cellphone is broken.

The genitive for the plural form of these words is formed with an -er ending as with the feminine. So: For example:
 * meiner – "my" (with plural nouns)
 * Die Eltern meiner Frau sind hier. – "My wife's parents are here."
 * Dies ist das Land unserer Väter. – "This is the land of our fathers."
 * Das Haus meiner Eltern ist alt. – "My parent's house is old."

The genitive forms for keiner are rare since a sentence that might use one can almost always be rephrased to avoid it. The genitive form for welcher, the only der word we've done so far, is rare as well, so we'll talk about the genitive case of other der words when they come up.

Genitive nouns
Forming the genitive of nouns is, unfortunately, not as straightforward as one might hope. The most common pattern is to add an (e)s ending if the noun is masculine or neuter (even if the noun already ends with -s), and to do nothing if the noun is feminine or plural. You may recall though, that there is a troublesome group of masculine nouns which don't follow the normal pattern in the accusative case. These nouns add an -(e)n ending in the accusative, and since the dative case is the same as the accusative case for nouns, they have the same ending there as well. They add the -(e)n ending in the genitive, but some (not all) add an additional -s on top of that. The result is that there are three classes of masculine nouns:
 * 1) ) Those that only add an -(e)s ending in the genitive. This includes most masculine nouns.
 * 2) ) Those that add an -(e)n ending in the accusative, dative and genitive. Included here are Mensch, Junge, Hase, Kollege and Kunde. These are mostly either animals or people.
 * 3) ) Those that add an -(e)n ending in the accusative, dative, and an -(e)ns in the genitive. Included here are Name, and Buchstabe.

Some grammars gives names to these groups, following a system of "strong", "weak" and "mixed", but this jargon seems to have little value to learners because it doesn't do anything but give names to the patterns. In addition, we've already talked about "strong" and "weak" verbs, which is an unrelated classification, and overloading these words with another set of meanings seems confusing.

Plurals have the same form in the genitive as in the nominative and accusative; only the dative requires a special ending for plurals.

Finally, the neuter noun Herz – "heart" is irregular. The accusative is the same as the nominative. The Dative can be Herz or Herzen, depending in part on the meaning. And the genitive is Herzens. The plural for all cases is Herzen. There are a few other nouns which had irregularities in the past, but you would rarely encounter these irregular forms in normal conversation.

The genitive of a name is usually formed by adding -(e)s. For names already ending in -s, -z or -ß, just add an apostrophe as in English when a name ends in "-s". In this case the genitive comes first. So
 * Naomis Auto – "Naomi's car"
 * Hans' Haus – "Hans' house"

The genitive pronouns
Most of the time a possessive determiner would be used in place of a genitive personal pronoun, and the genitive pronouns are rarely used. The inflection table is given here for completeness.

The genitive form of the interrogative pronoun wer is wessen and is more common:
 * Wessen Pullover ist blau? – "Whose sweater is blue?"

Miscellaneous uses of the genitive
Occasionally you'll see the genitive case used without an accompanying noun. One example of this is that certain prepositions are often followed by a genitive. and we'll cover these in another section.

Some adjectives can be used with a noun in the genitive; this usually happens when "of" would be called for in English. Most of the time the genitive can be replaced by "von" in such phrases. The trend seems to be toward using "von", but it seems German is in a transitional phase on this issue and there's no telling when or if everyone will be on board with the change. Some examples:
 * Der Mann ist schuldig des Verbrechens. – "The man is guilty of the crime."
 * Ich bin westlich der Stadt. – "I'm west of the city."

Another use is a somewhat idiomatic figure of speech involving a unspecified day or part of one. These expressions use the genitive. For example: Even though Nacht is feminine, and shouldn't have an ending in the genitive, one still says Eines Nachts in this type of phrase.
 * eines Tages, eines Abends, eines Morgens – "one day", "one evening", "one morning"
 * Eines Tages wirst du mich verstehen. – "Someday you will understand me."


text: Mario Adventure/Printable version

title: Mario Adventure/Printable version


text: Category:Book:PolarPrinter

title: Category:Book:PolarPrinter


text: Category:Book:Proto-Mongolic

title: Category:Book:Proto-Mongolic


text: Proto-Mongolic/Printable version

title: Proto-Mongolic/Printable version


text: C Sharp for Beginners/Printable version

title: C Sharp for Beginners/Printable version


text: Medal of Honor: Frontline/Printable version


text: WikiLang/Printable version

title: WikiLang/Printable version


text:
Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time/Characters

Character List

 * Mario
 * Baby Mario
 * Luigi
 * Baby Luigi
 * Princess Peach
 * Baby Peach
 * Professor E. Gadd
 * Younger Elvin Gadd
 * Toadsworth
 * Younger Toadsworth
 * Bowser
 * Baby Bowser
 * Princess Shroob
 * Elder Princess Shroob
 * Shroobs (species)


title: User:Chad250


text: Fortran/Printable version

title: Fortran/Printable version


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Rwanda

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Rwanda


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Rwanda/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Rwanda/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Panama

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Panama


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Panama/Image

title: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Panama/Image


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Papua New Guinea


text: Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Papua New Guinea/Image


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Talk:Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/Mandelbrot set/mandelbrot

=sqrt=

"x^0.5 is just another way of writing sqrt(x), and yes, it has two solutions. if you perturb sqrt(X) to get sqrt(X+x)-sqrt(X), the perturbation way assumes both square roots should have their solution branches chosen so that the result is "small", and I guess you choose the principal branch for sqrt(X) (the one with Re(sqrt(X) >= 0, and if Re(sqrt(X)) = 0 then the one with Im(sqrt(X) >= 0)). So this perturbation is useful in some mathematical situations where you know which branches you want, but for fractal rendering using perturbation it might not work because sqrt(X) (principal branch) is not continuous." Claude --Adam majewski (discuss • contribs) 06:13, 15 January 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:Blablubbs

Hello? Can you please unblock my IP on en.wiki?? T. Gregtregretgtr (discuss • contribs) 17:33, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Blablubbs


text:
User:Slipni

Introduction
Hi! welcome to my user page ^_^, this is a page for me to keep track of what I am reading on Wikibooks and how it pertains to specific projects I will be learning about in my life.

title: User:Slipni


text:
User:Slipni/Links

mountain pass rest my personal website ^

MAL a list of manga I read ^

title: User:Slipni/Links