text:
Cookbook:Marzipan Cake

Marzipan cake with biscuit and cream.

Cake base

 * 75 g butter
 * 125 g white granulated sugar
 * 1 packet vanilla sugar
 * 4 eggs
 * 100 g flour
 * 1 teaspoon baking powder
 * 100 g ground almonds

Filling

 * 3 tablespoons jam
 * a few drops almond flavor
 * 1 tablespoon white granulated sugar
 * 3 tablespoons water
 * 2 packets of no-cook pectin
 * 600 ml whipping cream
 * 75 g marzipan

Ornament

 * 350 g marzipan
 * 50 g chopped almonds
 * 50 g powdered sugar
 * 200 ml whipping cream, whipped
 * starch-based creamer
 * 50 g whole milk chocolate couverture

Cake base

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 180 °C.
 * 2) Melt butter in a small saucepan and let cool slightly.
 * 3) Beat the eggs in a mixing bowl with a mixer at the highest level until frothy. While stirring, sprinkle in sugar mixed with vanilla sugar, then beat the mixture for 2 minutes.
 * 4) Combine the flour, baking powder and almonds. Stir in briefly at the lowest setting, then stir in the butter briefly.
 * 5) Spread the batter in a springform pan.
 * 6) Bake in the oven for 30 minutes.
 * 7) Let the cake base cool and cut twice horizontally. Place one of the cake bases on a cake platter.

Filling

 * 1) Stir the jam until smooth and spread on the bottom cake base.
 * 2) Place the middle cake base on top of the jam, and press gently to secure the layers.
 * 3) Cut the marzipan into small pieces and place in a mixing bowl. Add the bitter almond flavor, sugar, and water, and stir until smooth with the mixer.
 * 4) Whip the cream with pectin stiffly according to the package instructions. Mix in the marzipan.
 * 5) Spread about ¾ of the cream on the middle cake layer, and put the final layer on top.
 * 6) Spread the cake completely with the remaining cream. Place the cake in the fridge for at least 3 hours.

Decorate

 * 1) Place a piece baking paper on a large plate.
 * 2) Crush the couverture and melt it in a bowl over a water bath. Mix the almonds with the chocolate coating.
 * 3) Spoon 16 small dollops of the almond-chocolate mixture on the baking paper, and keep in the fridge until the chocolate has set.
 * 4) Sift powdered sugar and knead into the marzipan. Roll out the marzipan mixture into a round flat disc (Ø=36 cm).
 * 5) Drape the marzipan over the cake. Press the marzipan onto the edge of the cake. Cut off any excess marzipan.
 * 6) Prepare cream and transfer to a piping bag. Decorate the cake with cream.
 * 7) Place almond slivers on top and place the cake in the fridge until ready to serve.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Marzipan Cake


text:
User:Atlas.Spheres/sandbox

Locations

=Subregion Outline=

title: User:Atlas.Spheres/sandbox


text:
User:Atlas.Spheres/first page

There are several ways to create a page in wikibooks. This page was started by typing /first_page after my username in the url.

This is the beginning. Have a look at some possible formats.

Contents
Introduction Arizona Uplands & Plains of Sonora Lower Colorado River Valley Baja California & Sea of Cortez

test

 * /page1/
 * /page2/
 * /page3/

title: User:Atlas.Spheres/first page


text:
Ido/Lesson I9

School = Skolo

Teacher = Instruktisto

High school / College professor = Docento

Student = lernanto, studento

Desk = Pupitro

Blackboard = Nigra tabelo

White board = Blanka tabelo

Chalk = Kreto or Kreta-krayono

Pen = Plumo

Pencil = Krayono

Paper = Papero

Book = Libro

Copy book = Kajero

title: Ido/Lesson I9


text:
Talk:A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/2019

Hey, does anyone have the AQA Paper 1 question paper and markscheme?


text: Category:Book:Canadian Refugee Procedure


text:
User talk:Shiderricka

hey

title: User talk:Shiderricka


text:
User talk:CptViraj

Revert
Not sure why https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=C_Programming/Simple_input_and_output&oldid=3665066 was reverted.
 * Hello, usually we put the external links between tags. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 19:43, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:CptViraj


text:
User talk:Redrose99

Redrose99 (discuss • contribs) 18:37, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redrose99


text:
User:Redrose99/sandbox

hi

title: User:Redrose99/sandbox


text:
User talk:Redrose99/sandbox

hi Redrose99 (discuss • contribs) 18:38, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redrose99/sandbox


text:
User:AkQueen907

AKQUEEN907

REAL EYES

REALIZE

REAL LIES

title: User:AkQueen907


text:
Talk:History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/John Hesketh/Notes

Just a brief status report on research work to date

Trove Digitised Newspapers

 * Tagging as "John Hesketh"
 * Searches
 * Hesketh
 * "John Hesketh" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - completed 4 Mar 2020
 * "J. Hesketh" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - completed 8 Mar 2020
 * "Hesketh" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - complete up to 1 Jan 1918
 * Hosketh
 * "Hosketh" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - common OCR defect - completed 6 Mar 2020
 * Heskoth
 * "Heskoth" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - common OCR defect - completed 8 Mar 2020
 * Hoskoth
 * "Hoskoth" (Australia-wide) after 1890 - common OCR defect - completed 7 Mar 2020
 * Total Tags
 * 2020-03-04 1900 - 875 tags
 * 2020-03-05 0710 - 1105 tags
 * 2020-03-06 0800 - 1302 tags
 * 2020-03-06 2230 - 1397 tags
 * 2020-03-07 0900 - 1661 tags
 * 2020-03-07 2130 - 1954 tags
 * 2020-03-08 0740 - 2159 tags
 * 2020-03-08 2230 - 2440 tags
 * 2020-03-09 0830 - 2558 tags
 * 2020-03-09 2300 - 2762 tags
 * 2020-03-10 0700 - 2907 tags
 * 2020-03-10 2300 - 3192 tags
 * 2020-03-11 0715 - 3355 tags
 * 2020-03-11 2300 - 3435 tags
 * 2020-03-12 0700 - 3623 tags
 * 2020-03-12 2230 - 3842 tags
 * 2020-03-13 0700 - 4035 tags
 * 2020-03-13 2300 - 4110 tags
 * 2020-03-14 0930 - 4455 tags
 * 2020-03-14 1400 - 4578 tags
 * 2020-03-14 1400 - 4675 tags
 * 2020-03-14 1400 - 4798 tags
 * 2020-03-15 0900 - 5078 tags - Considered essentially complete
 * Tagging for development of Wikibook
 * Tagging as "Wikibooks Hesketh" (articles text corrected and copied into this Wikibook)
 * 2020-03-09 0630 - 19 tags
 * Tagging as "Wikibooks Hesketh Not" (articles generally not text corrected, and identified as not appropriate for this Wikibook)
 * 2020-03-09 0630 - 42 tags
 * Date of most recent article reviewed for Wikibook 11 August 1896


text:
A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 2/Fundamentals of computer organisation and architecture/Addressing modes

There are many different addressing modes which can be used. However, in the AQA A-level there are only two that need to be known - Direct and Immediate.

Immediate Addressing
Immediate addressing is where the value is passed directly as the operand. In AQA assembly this is shown using the # symbol.

Direct Addressing
Direct addressing is where the address at which the value is stored is the operand.


text:
User:Dinopce

Hi,Everyone. I'm a new user of wikibooks.

Plz allow me to make edits on wikibooks to make it better and sensible.

Thanks

title: User:Dinopce


text:
User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page1

this is a test to see how a table content is genrated

title: User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page1


text:
User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page2

this is a test to see how a table content is generated this is page 2

title: User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page2


text:
User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page3

ok, so if i understand this correctly a table of contents will automatically be generated on my Atlas.Spheres/first_page page. i may just simply not understand this, but here it goes.

title: User:Atlas.Spheres/first page/page3


text:
OpenClinica User Manual/TomcatAjpVulnerability

= Introduction = March 03 2020 a vulnerability in tomcat's AJP connector was published. The team that discovered it named it ghostcat. Apache-Tomcat has issued a patch for this vulnerability. The intention of this page is to help you decide whether you should take action or not and if so, in what way.

= Should I be worried? = If you are an OpenClinica-administrator, you should be worried, as OpenClinica runs on tomcat, so you could run a risk.

the short version
Let's make this short for the more technical readers: you run a risk if ajp is activated and is listening on a port that is exposed to the internet. If you fall in this category: download and install the latest version of tomcat, which for tomcat7 is at the time of writing, March 5 2020, 7.0.100 https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi

not so quick: first tell me what ajp is
There are several ways to communicate with tomcat, or: to connect with tomcat. These different ways are therefore called connectors. You are probably aware that you can use http and/or https on some port. A typical out of the box installation allows for communication on port 8080 for http. But maybe you have setup secure communications with a certificate and use https on port 8443. Adding to this you may have a port open for ajp, which stands for Apache JServ Protocol. This is mostly used when you have a separate webserver, for example Apache or IIS, that does all the heavy encryption-work and serves static content. If this is your situation, skip the next paragraph. If you don't have a separate web-server, read on one more paragrah.

I don't have a separate web-server: am I safe?
You may not "use" ajp because you don't have a separate web-server, but unfortunately this doesn't mean you're safe. In your installation you may have activated the ajp-connector and it is now listening, by default on port 8009. You can check this by issuing netstat -vatn|grep 8009 and if the output is something like tcp6      0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN then you know that ajp is active and listening.

Or you can look at your server.xml for something that looks like this:

 If you don't need ajp, you can safely de-activate it, by commenting it out in the server.xml

so ajp is listening: does that mean I run a risk?
If ajp is listening then yes, you do run a risk, but only if this port is exposed to the outside world. If you have set up a firewall to only allow https on port 443, and maybe some additional ports for maintenance, then you don't run a risk.

ajp is listening and I must expose the port to the outside
Now, if for whatever reason you can't de-activate ajp and you can't block communication on this port 8009 (or whatever port you defined), then you must upgrade your tomcat.

= installing the patch = If you want to patch your tomcat installation, do the following: Probably most OpenClinica installations use tomcat7, so go to https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi The first version to have the fix is tomcat 7.0.100. What this version has is an etra check for using the ajp-connector, namely a secret. You set this extra check in the server.xml, for example

If you now restart your tomcat and try to request a page, using Apache in combination with ajp, then you will get a 403.

Good. Because this will also be the result for attackers.

Last step to take is telling the secret to Apache, so it can communicate with tomcat. This is done in the worker.properties file worker.tomcat7.port=8009 worker.tomcat7.host=localhost worker.tomcat7.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat7.secret=un_deux_trois

= Background = The vulnerability was discovered by a Chinese team, who published some background information. You can read more about ghostcat at https://www.chaitin.cn/en/ghostcat

A short version of the changes in tomcat7 can be found at https://tomcat.apache.org/migration-7.html#Tomcat_7.0.x_noteable_changes


text: User talk:95.1.17.188

title: User talk:95.1.17.188


text:
English-Hanzi/Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by significant alterations in perception, thoughts, mood, and behavior.

精神分裂症是一种精神障碍，其特征在于知觉，思想，情绪和行为发生重大变化.

title: English-Hanzi/Schizophrenia


text:
User:Teichert Fischer/sandbox

Cookbook
Potato Eggs

Ingredients
10 eggs 4 cups flour Dash milk Oil for cooking

Procedure
1.) Whisk together all ingredients

2.) Transfer egg mixture to hot skillet with oil

2.) Cook in large pan continually breaking egg mixture into small bite size chunks

3.) Cook till eggs begin to brown

title: User:Teichert Fischer/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Nuremberg Gingerbread

Recipe for gingerbread from Germany.

Ingredients

 * 500 g honey
 * 250 g granulated sugar
 * 150 g flour
 * 1 tsp cloves, ground
 * 1 tsp nutmeg
 * 1 tsp cardamom
 * 1 tbsp cinnamon
 * 1 pinch of ground ginger
 * Grated zest of 1 orange
 * Grated zest of 1 lemon
 * 200 g chopped hazelnuts
 * 50 g lemon flavoring
 * 50 g orange flavoring
 * Gingerbread wafers
 * 1 packet of baking powder

Procedure

 * 1) Bring the honey and sugar to the boil in a saucepan while stirring. Remove from the heat and let cool.
 * 2) Sift the flour into a bowl.
 * 3) Stir in the remaining ingredients.
 * 4) Pour the honey mixture, then the baking powder into the flour. Stir and knead the dough until it cools down.
 * 5) Roll out the dough.
 * 6) Cut out the dough, and place on the gingerbread wafers.
 * 7) Decorate with an almond, and transfer to a baking sheet.
 * 8) Let cool for about a day
 * 9) Bake at 180 °C for 15–20 minutes

title: Cookbook:Nuremberg Gingerbread


text: User:Killarnee/talk page template

title: User:Killarnee/talk page template


text:
User:Arnlodg/sandbox

Being Here Now
Understanding observation is noumenon to phenomenon to movement/change...Contemporary analytic philosophy today, is towards attitudes that everything we need is right in front of us...

title: User:Arnlodg/sandbox


text: OpenSSL/Print version

title: OpenSSL/Print version


text: Cryptography/Print version

title: Cryptography/Print version


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Kashmir

 * Cookbook:Rista
 * Cookbook:Rogan Josh
 * Cookbook:Tabak Maaz
 * Cookbook:Marchwangam Korma
 * Cookbook:Kabab
 * Cookbook:Aab Gosht
 * Cookbook:Shaami Kabab
 * Cookbook:Yakhni
 * Cookbook:Goshtaba
 * Cookbook:Murg Musallam
 * Cookbook:Hareesa

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Kashmir


text:
Cookbook:Rista

Rista is a Kashmiri meatball dish, made from mutton, beef, and rarely from chicken. It is an important part of Kashmiri Wazwan. Meat is ground on stone or through electronic grinders before being combined with spices and eggs. Then meat is rolled by hand into balls, which are cooked in hot water for half an hour. Then balls are then boiled in a gravy to flavour the dish.

title: Cookbook:Rista


text:
Cookbook:Hareesa

Hareesa is a sort of porridge made by boiling beef or mutton overnight with rice or wheat in big vessels. It turns into paste which is then served on local bread called girda. Hareesa is usually preferred during breakfast in harsh winters.

title: Cookbook:Hareesa


text:
Writing Adolescent Fiction/Culture difference

This would apply if following cases if you have either a foreign exchance student or family for overseas on vacation or a student or someone move to area form out of area.


text:
Writing Adolescent Fiction/Risky sex

caught by
Risky sex can range from young sex to getting caught at home or even caught in public.
 * sibling
 * parent
 * webcam
 * police
 * employees(at stores)
 * other people (could want to join in to stay quiet)

First three at home, and others in public.

Sex ed
In many sex education curricula, all kinds of sexual intercourse are presented as risky, especially for girls. These include:
 * risk of pregnancy
 * risk of infection
 * risk of emotional trauma.

title: Writing Adolescent Fiction/Risky sex


text:
User:Teichert Fischer

Potato Eggs

Ingredients

 * 10 eggs
 * 4 cups flour
 * Dash milk
 * 3 tbsp. oil for cooking

Procedure

 * 1) Whisk together all ingredients.
 * 2) Transfer egg mixture to hot skillet with oil.
 * 3) Cook in large pan, continually breaking egg mixture into small bite size chunks.
 * 4) Cook till eggs begin to brown.

title: User:Teichert Fischer


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/First Love

Can be scary if you are not sure if other person has same feelings.

title: LGBT Young Adult Literature/First Love


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/Transsexuality

1.a person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to the opposite sex.

2.Books that talk about transsexuality:Trans: When Ideology Meets Reality,yes i'm trans girl and Katherine’s Diary: The Story of a Transsexual (English Edition).


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/Parental Interference

They may try to arrange dates with members of opposite sex to hide their denial of their child being lgbtq.


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/Homosexuality as a Phase

Some people think it is just a phase.


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/Bullying

Bullying can be worse when you are LGBTQ.

title: LGBT Young Adult Literature/Bullying


text:
User:WiHlg

Hello,

I'm an electrical engineer with a wide range of interrests:
 * Usage of physical effects combining the mecanical and electrical domains.
 * Development of products based on knowledge from mecanical and electrical engineering.
 * Production processes and their optimization regarding tecnical and organizational aspects.
 * Programming in C,Perl, Python, Octave, Modelica.
 * Usage of open source / GNU software like OpenSCAD, Octave, FEMM, Open Modelica, etc.
 * Electronics like ESP8266, Arduino.
 * Effective environmental proctection measures (trying not to be ideologic about it).
 * Lately I started to dive into AI-tecnology (but up to now on a very superficial level).

Key motivation aspects for me are:
 * a continuous stiff learning curve and
 * the search for creative solutions for tecnical problems or optimization oportunities.

Think global, but act local to make it a better world.

 * My Subpages
 * Links: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:WiHlg/Links

title: User:WiHlg


text:
User:WiHlg/Links

 * OpenSCAD
 * https://www.openscad.org/cheatsheet/

 * Modelica
 * https://mbe.modelica.university/
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelica

title: User:WiHlg/Links


text: Introduction to Human Geography

title: Introduction to Human Geography


text:
Ido/Lesson II5

Some useful words

Reservar = reserve

Chambro = room

A short dialogue in Ido at the reception desk:

Roger : Bon jorno

Aceptisto: Bon jorno. Quale vu standas Sioro?

Roger: Me standas bone, danko!

Roger: Me volus reservar chambro.

Aceptisti: Unulita o dulita ?

Roger: Unulita

Aceptisto: Por quanta nokti?

Roger: Por 2 nokti.

Aceptisto: Quale vu nomeskas?

Roger: Me nomeskas Roger Bru

Aceptisto:: Donez ad me irgu vua identesilo

Roger: Yen mea veh-permeso

Aceptisto: Bone, danko

Aceptisto: Yen vua klefo. Vua chambro-numero esas 10

title: Ido/Lesson II5


text:
Talk:Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Thai

new name to be added
unsure how to do it with out messing up numbers Preaw(girl's name) Sripatrprasite (surname) Anayguy (discuss • contribs) 14:07, 9 March 2020 (UTC)User:AnayguyAnayguy (discuss • contribs) 14:07, 9 March 2020 (UTC)


text:
LGBT Young Adult Literature/Coming Out

You will need a support group. You may lose friends and family support or gain it.

title: LGBT Young Adult Literature/Coming Out


text:
User talk:Mobicel Astro

Natural science

title: User talk:Mobicel Astro


text:
Macroeconomics/Aggregate Expenditures

Introduction
In this chapter, we will discuss. Its definition is as follows:

To be more precise, AE means the following:

We will define in the following. For other expenditures, we have defined them in the chapter about GDP, and they have the same definitions here.

We will examine $$C,I^p,G,NX$$ in more details (more than their definitions) one by one in the following sections.

Consumption
Consumption has two components, namely consumption ($$\overline C$$) and  consumption.

Before defining induced consumption, let us define a term which will be used in its definition.

Another similar definition is (MPS).

Then, we can use MPC to define induced consumption.

Then, we can express the consumption function as follows: $$ C=\overline C+MPC\cdot Y_d=f(Y_d), $$ which is a function in $$Y_d$$, and so the of consumption function is MPC (which is positive, and so $$Y_d\uparrow\Rightarrow C\uparrow$$), and  of consumption function is $$\overline C$$ (which is positive).

Then, we will discuss some important factors that affect $$C$$.

Planned investment
$$I^p$$ is, which does not vary with $$Y$$. The following are some important factors affecting $$I^p$$ (which does not include $$Y$$).

Government purchases
Assume $$G$$ is solely determined by the government, and therefore $$G$$ is. So, its change depends on how the government changes $$G$$.

Net exports
Change in $$NX$$ is mainly affected by the between domestic country and foreign countries.

AE function
We can plot the AE aginst GDP graph as follows:

The blue line can be interpreted as the $$AE$$ curve with $$I^p=G=NX=0$$, i.e. the consumption function $$C=\overline C+(MPC)Y$$.

Recall that $$AE+C+I^p+G+NX$$. Since $$I^p,G$$ are, and $$NX$$ does not vary, ceteris paribus (the comparison between domestic country and foreign countries gives same results), we may denote them as $$\overline{I^p},\overline G,\overline{NX}$$, to emphasize their invariance (they are constants which do not vary with $$Y$$).

Then, we can derive the $$AE$$ function (in $$Y$$) by adding back $$\overline{I^p},\overline G$$ and $$\overline{NX}$$ to the consumption function (which shifts the blue line by $$\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX}$$ parallelly, since the $$y$$-intercept changes from $$\overline C$$ to $$\overline C+\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX}$$): $$ AE=\underbrace{\overline C+MPC\cdot Y}_C+\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX}=MPC\cdot Y+\text{constant}=f(Y) $$

We can observe that, at the region the Keynesian cross, $$YAE$$ .

Also, we can see from the $$AE$$ function that, its slope is $$MPC$$, which is the same as that of consumption function.

Adjustment to macroeconomic equilibrium
Sometimes, the economy is at macroeconomic equilibrium, i.e. $$AE>Y$$ or $$AEY\Rightarrow \cancel{C+}I^p\cancel{+G+NX}>\cancel {C+}I\cancel{+G+NX}\Rightarrow I^p>I\Rightarrow I-\Delta inv^{unp}>I\Rightarrow \Delta inv^{unp}<0$$, there is unplanned in inventories. In view of this, firms should refill the inventories by $$\uparrow$$ production $$\Rightarrow I^p\uparrow\Rightarrow Y \uparrow$$, until reaching $$Y=AE$$.

On the other hand, since $$AE<Y\Rightarrow \cancel{C+}I^p\cancel{+G+NX}<\cancel {C+}I\cancel{+G+NX}\Rightarrow I^p<I\Rightarrow I-\Delta inv^{unp}<I\Rightarrow \Delta inv^{unp}<0$$, there is unplanned in inventories. In view of this, firms should cut their production by $$\downarrow$$ production $$\Rightarrow I^p\downarrow\Rightarrow Y \downarrow$$, until reaching $$Y=AE$$.

After reaching the macroeconomic equilibrium, i.e. $$Y=AE\Rightarrow\cancel{C+}I^p\cancel{+G+NX}=\cancel {C+}I\cancel{+G+NX}\Rightarrow I^p=I \Rightarrow I-\Delta inv^{unp}=I\Rightarrow \Delta inv^{unp}=0,$$ and thus there is no unplanned change in inventories, and so $$\overline Y$$ ceteris paribus.

Therefore, eventually, we will reach macroeconomic equilibrium, and macroeconomic equilibrium can occur at arbitrary point at the Keynesian cross.

Recall the economy has a level of potential GDP ($$Y^p$$), but macroeconomic equilibrium may not be located at the point at which $$AE=Y^p$$. Macroeconomic equilibrium is at a point at which $$AE=Y<(>)Y^p\Rightarrow\text{unemployment rate }(u)>(<)\text{ natural unemployment rate }(\overline u)$$.

Also, at macroeconomic equilibrium, $$ Y=AE\Rightarrow Y=MPC\cdot Y+\overline C+\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX}\Rightarrow (1-MPC)Y=\overline C+\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX} \Rightarrow Y=\frac{\overline C+\overline{I^p}+\overline G+\overline{NX}}{1-MPC} $$

The multiplier effect
In view of the above equation at macroeonomic equilibrium, when the expenditure (variables with a bar on top of it) changes by $$1$$, $$Y$$ changes by $$\frac{1}{1-MPC}$$ in the same direction. Since $$0<MPC\le 1$$, this number is greater than one, and we give this number a name, namely :

The paradox of thrift
Recall that in closed economy in which $$NX=0$$, $$S=I$$. This implies $$S$$ is the key to long run (LR) growth (since $$I$$ is the key to LR growth). Thus, it has a positive effect on the economy.

However, in the short run (SR), $$S\uparrow\Rightarrow \text{private saving}(S_{\text{private}})\uparrow\Rightarrow C\downarrow\Rightarrow Y\downarrow\Rightarrow C\downarrow\cdots$$. This can push the economy into, and thus have a negative effect on the economy.

Here is the paradox, since what appears to be favourable in LR may be unfavourable in SR.

However, the existence of this paradox is questionable, since it is argued that $$S\uparrow\Rightarrow \text{loanable fund supply}\searrow(\&\;\overline{\text{loanable fund demand}})\Rightarrow r\downarrow\Rightarrow I\uparrow$$, which offset the $$\downarrow$$ in $$C$$.

Aggregate demand (AD) curve
In the following, we will loosen the assumption that $$\overline P$$. After that, we can use the AE curve to derive aggregate demand (AD) curve.

$$P$$ affects AE as in the following proposition:

Since at macroecnomic equilibrium, $$Y=AE$$, $$P\uparrow(\downarrow)\Rightarrow AE\searrow(\nwarrow)\Rightarrow Y\downarrow(\uparrow)$$, and thus we have established the (inverse) relationship between $$P$$ and $$Y$$ at macroeconomic equilibrium. We can assume that the economy is at macroecnomic equilibrium unless otherwise specified, since it is likely that the economy is at macroeconomic equilibrium, considering that the economy will adjust to the macroeconomic equilibrium eventually.

This inverse relationship between $$P$$ and $$Y$$ is reflected by AD curve.

Illustration of (a portion of) the downward sloping AD curve: P AD curve is essential in the AD-AS model, which will be discussed later.
 * \ AD
 * - Y
 * \ AD
 * - Y
 * - Y
 * - Y

title: Macroeconomics/Aggregate Expenditures


text:
Talk:Transformative Applications in Education/Celestia

Needs update
I don't know if this Wikibook is still updated, but the "Technical Issues" section in particular is very outdated - I've never heard of any of these bugs. SevenSpheresCelestia (discuss • contribs) 21:33, 9 March 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:AbegailTeodoro

Irene Gonzaga Simon, the OSIC

title: User:AbegailTeodoro


text:
User:Ndressler23

Animal: Flathead Catfish, Pylodictis olivaris These fish resemble cats due to their whiskers and sly way of moving about the sea floor. These fish also vary in size and length. Majority of catfish species in live the Americas. A lot of them live in freshwater and shallow water habitats including the Colorado river.

Plant: Coyote Willow These plants are considered endangered, but are native to North America. Their branches have been used as flexible poles and many Native Americans used to use them years ago. They were especially used for building huts and different types of shelters. The flowers that blossom from these plants allow for bees to pollenate, but only the male plants provide this feature.

title: User:Ndressler23


text:
Writing Adolescent Fiction/LGBTQ

Bullying can be worse when you are LGBTQ. Family and friends may or may not support you.

title: Writing Adolescent Fiction/LGBTQ


text:
Guide to X11/Window Managers/exwm

Features

 * Fully keyboard-driven operations
 * Hybrid layout modes (tiling & stacking)
 * Dynamic workspace support
 * ICCCM/EWMH compliance
 * RandR (multi-monitor) support
 * Builtin system tray
 * Builtin input method

title: Guide to X11/Window Managers/exwm


text:
User talk:Artieblew

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title: User talk:Artieblew


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User:Ggt8/sandbox

Jaguar (Panthera onca)
Panthera onca otherwise known as the jaguar is a type of cat that is found across the Americas: Southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, south to Paraguay, and northern Argentina. The jaguar belongs to family Felidae, mammal, in the order Carnivora, carnivorous with teeth adapted for flesh-eating. The jaguar is the third-largest cat in the world surpassed by the lion and the tiger. The jaguar is classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which suggests that the jaguar may be threatened with extinction soon. It doesn't quite qualify for threatened species since the population has not yet decreased dramatically in a short period. Although, the jaguar's population is constantly decreasing due to various factors.

"El Jefe"
Due to the deterioration of their habitat caused by hunting, buildings, and conservation of livestock. There is only one known jaguar in the United States. This jaguar is known as "El Jefe", he resides in the Santa Rita Mountains near Tucson Arizona. "El Jefe" was first recorded in November 2011, by cameras for the Jaguar Survey and Monitoring Project by the University of Arizona. El Jefe has made constant appearances throughout the years up until 2018. It is believed that he has traveled back to Mexico in search of a mate.

Habitat
The jaguar lives throughout the Americas in a wide variety of habitats. They prefer dense, tropical forests and rainforest which provide a large amount of coverage. Jaguars are also found in scrubland, reed thickets, coastal forest, swamps, thickets, pampas grasslands, and mountain scrub areas. In northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, jaguars are found in oak woodlands, mesquite thickets, and riparian woodlands. Jaguar's habitats require three main characteristics to support their diet and lifestyle: water, dense coverage, and prey.

Diet
Jaguars are known carnivores they have a wide variety of prey: birds, mammals, reptiles, fish. One of their main prey consists of large animals and livestock, they tend to eat the heart, liver, and spleen first; they don't ingest the intestines. Their daily consumption is around 1.2-1.5 kilograms per day. They usually hunt at night and mostly on the ground. There are times when it climbs up trees to hide from their prey and attack from above. Their large teeth and powerful jaws allow them to instantly kill their prey and drag them to a secluded spot where they can eat. In this area, El Jefe has been known to eat prey common in the Santa Rita Mountains: white-tailed deer, skunks (except for their ends), and other small, slow animals that allow them to prey on.

Facts

 * Size: 5 to 7 feet
 * Live 12 to 15 years
 * Weight: 100 to 250 pounds
 * They are cats, but not afraid of water
 * They see six times better than humans in dar conditions
 * Hunted to extinction in the United States during the 1940s

Threats
The jaguar is classified under "Near Threatened" species internationally. In the United States under the Endangered Species Act, it is classified as endangered. The last verified jaguar in this area was killed by a hunter in 1963. Jaguars face many threats either directly or towards their habitat, disrupting their life and ability to maintain alive. The main threat to jaguars is humans. Humans have hunted these mammals for a long time and various reasons: trophies, fur, and protection of livestock. Jaguar habitats have also been harmed by burning their homeland to place buildings. El Jefes habitat is currently endangered due to Trump's border wall and the copper mine.

Arizona Poppy (Kallstroemia grandiflora)
The Kallstroiemia grandiflora most commonly referred to as the Arizona Poppy is an annual herb found in the southwestern deserts. This flower is found in many places throughout the Chihuahuan and the Sonoran Desert, most specifically in the Arizona Uplands region of the Sonoran Desert. It is a native plant of this area belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae which includes plants found in dry habitats. This flower is known to survive harsh, dry climates due to the unique structure of its' seed allowing it to survive up to various years.

Habitat
The Arizona Poppy blooms mainly in July to October which coincides with summer rainfalls. It grows abundantly in flat, sandy grasslands throughout Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. This flower prefers open plains and mesas from sea level to 6000 feet. A state park that has an abundance of the Arizona Poppy is Picacho Peak State Park located between Casa Grande and Tucson, Arizona.

Importance
The Arizona Poppy is widely known for its vibrant colors and enhancing the scenery of wide-open plains, but it provides benefits to animals. These flowers deplete scent, but they are essential to forty-six species: bees, wasps, flies, and butterflies. They are used for pollen and nectar as well as food for dove and quails.

Facts

 * Under six inches tall
 * Consist of five petals
 * Seeds remain dormant for up to three years until there is enough precipitation

Rosemont Mine
One of the greatest natural resources used in today's society is copper. Copper is used as a conductor, construction, and industrial machinery. The Rosemont Mine is a large open copper mine located in Arizona near Pima County built by Hudbay Minerals. This mine is located within the Coronado National Forest and Santa Rita Mountains which are valuable habitats for native animals and plants. This mine is not open yet due to legal allegations made for the protection of the environment. The arguments against the mine consist of destroying the Cienega Creek watershed, contaminated mine runoff worsening water quality, destroying natural habitats, endangering wildlife, and causing regional air pollution. Proponents suggest the mine will create jobs, generating more revenue, and decrease the dependency on other countries for copper. The geological area contains around 550 million tons of 0.45% copper with molybdenum, and silver credits. This area is dominated by Precambrian granite, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sediments. The Paleozoic sedimentary carbonate units are host rocks for copper mineralization. The units include conglomerates, sandstones, and siltstones. The existence of porphyry copper deposits in this area suggests there were granitic intrusions and felsic volcanic eruptions during the Laramide orogeny (period of mountain building). During this period both low-angle thrust and high-angle slips extended tectonic activity causing volcanic eruptions which led to copper deposits as well as the creation of basin and range in the southwestern region.

Tucson Mountains
The Tucson Mountains range form part of the Arizona Uplands, they are now widely protected since they are within the limits of national parks. These mountains were once mined for various metallic elements. Totaling up to over 120 mines throughout these mountains. The ores and minerals in this location derived from volcanic eruptions. Minerals found in this region: *Copper *Gold *Lead *Mineral specimens *Molybdenum *Silver *Vanadium *Zinc

Ironwood Forest National Monument
The Ironwood Forest National Monument is located in Pima county near Tucson, Arizona. This forest is 188,819 acres which contain many important cultural features: 200+ Hohokam sites, cattle grazing, and mining. Threatened species like Ferruginous pygmy owl, desert bighorn sheep, lesser long-nosed bat, Turk's head cactus also reside in this area. This location is constructed of Basin & Range Province, Roskruge Mountains, Samaniego Hills, Sawtooth Mountains, Silver Bell Mountains, Sonoran Desert, and Western Silver Bell Mountains.

Silver Bell Mine
The Silver Bell Mine is located in Silver Bell Moutain portions of the Ironwood Forest. This mine has been operational for over the past 130 years and it is still one of the mines used for copper. The mine has major porphyry copper deposits which most of the mining revolves around the copper. Other deposits that have been found in this area and are now minor productions are silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and gold. Over the past several years the Silver Mine has produced: 2.27 billion pounds of copper, 6.6 million pounds of molybdenum, 3.7 million pounds of lead, 40.8 million pounds of zinc, 2,100 ounces of gold, and 5.95 million ounces of silver.

Sonoran Plains
Mexico has an abundance of natural resources. Some of these resources are found in the Sonoran Plains region. This region was a site for various minerals. The most abundant have been copper, silver, and lead. In the area near Hermosillo, Sonora there have been seventeen mines and seventeen occurrence locations. These regions have had copper, gold, iron, lead, molybdenum, quartz, silica, silver, and tungsten.

La Colorada Mine
La Colorada Mine is a gold mine located in the state of Sonora near Hermosillo. This mine is an open-pit mine that is still functional. The primary commodities found are gold and silver, as well as secondary commodities: copper, lead, and zinc. This mine has been divided into different districts based on its' deposits. There is the Creston deposit, Gran Central deposit, La Colorada Deposit, and Veta Madre zone.

Human Impact
The population in the Arizona Uplands and Sonoran Plains continues to grow tremendously, having a severe impact on the natural land and species of these areas. Arizona Uplands and Lower Colorado portions of the Sonoran Desert had a population change of 106% from 1970 to 1990. The population of the Plains of Sonora went from 253,628 to 508,914 having a 101% change in the span of 20 years. The population of the subregions has continued to increase. Human impact has altered natural resources and poses threats for most land, water, vegetation, and wildlife resources of this area.

Urbanization
Urbanization is one of the biggest direct threats humans pose throughout the Sonoran Desert. It has altered and destroyed many natural habitats to provide environments for human use. In the Arizona Uplands and Sonoran Plains, many of the nature reserves have been affected by urbanization and even to an extent of disappearing certain places due to the high demand for agriculture, transportation, neighborhoods, and mining. Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona has been disrupted by urbanization. This area was known as Papago Cactus National Monument suffered a tremendous decrease in the territory, native animals, and native plants. It is surrounded by golf courses, baseball fields, irrigation canals, highways, and tract housing. The park's native species are under serious threat. The majority of native carnivores that live in Papao Park have been killed by traffic. The native species suffer from predators: jackrabbit, cottontails, gophers, and ground squirrels. Harming the Palo Verde trees and Saguaro Cacti.

title: User:Ggt8/sandbox


text: Talk:Marathi/Numbers

title: Talk:Marathi/Numbers


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User:NenChamploo

Colorado River Toad
The Colorado River Toad ranges from 4.3 to 7.4 inches (110 to 187 mm). Its skin is leathery and can range from olive brown to black, with bumps and glands on their eyes and limbs. Female toads are distinguished by red warts in straight lines on their back. Tadpoles have a brassy color, rounded tail, flat body, and can reach 2.2 inches (57 mm) in length. Although the Colorado River Toad is listed as secure in Arizona, it is endangered in New Mexico and considered locally extinct in California.

Phacelia Crenulata
Also known as scorpion-weed and heliotrope phacelia. It is native in the Colorado and Baja California areas. It grows up to 80 cm tall and the leaves are 2 to 12 cm long. In terms of human interaction, the plant is secure and not endangered.

title: User:NenChamploo


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User talk:Soclikes

I know where to when you don't have enough

title: User talk:Soclikes


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English-Hanzi/Without the efforts of the Chinese Communist Party

Without the efforts of the Chinese Communist Party, and without the Chinese Communist Party as the pillar of the Chinese people, China would not be able to achieve independence and liberation, and China ’s industrialization and agricultural modernization would be impossible.

没有中国共产党的努力，没有中国共产党作为中国人民的支柱，中国将无法实现独立和解放，中国的工业化和农业现代化将是不可能的.


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User:Brs57

='' "Grow through what you go through." - Tyrese Gibson''= Blanca R.S. AWC Honors Student 2020

title: User:Brs57


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Wildlife Gardening/Taxon/Danaus plexippus/Variation

Variation
Adults are sexually dimorphic.

The shape and color of the wings change at the beginning of the migration and appear redder and more elongated than later migrants. Wings size and shape differ between migratory and non-migratory monarchs. Monarchs from eastern North America have larger and more angular forewings than those in the western population.


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User:StudioMagicFox

 StudioMagicFox

title: User:StudioMagicFox


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User:StudioMagicFox/sandbox

 StudioMagicFox Sandbox

title: User:StudioMagicFox/sandbox


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User talk:StudioMagicFox/sandbox

StudioMagicFox Talk Page

title: User talk:StudioMagicFox/sandbox


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Wildlife Gardening/Taxon/Apocynum cannabinum

Apocynum cannabinum also known as  hemp or dogbane an herbaceous plant widely distributed across. It can be found from southern Canada south through the continental United States, especially in coarse, moist soils. It serves as a host plant to hummingbird moths and provides nectar for many other insects.

All parts of the plant are poisonous and can cause cardiac arrest if ingested. It is also toxic to dogs and livestock.

Nomenclature
Apocynum cannabinum (dogbane, amy root, hemp dogbane, prairie dogbane, Indian hemp, rheumatism root, or wild cotton).

Apocynum album, A. angustifolium, A. arenarium, A. bebbianum, A. bolanderi, A. breweri, A. canadense, A. carolinii, A. cervinum, A. cinereum, A. cordigerum, A. cuspidatum, A. densiflorum, A. dictyotum, A. dimidiatum, A. estellinum, A. farwellii, A. greeneanum, A. hypericifolium, A. isophyllum, A. ithacense, A. laurinum, A. littorale, A. longifolium, A. macounii, A. missouriense, A. myrianthum, A. nemorale, A. neogeum, A. nevadense, A. oblongum, A. oliganthum, A. palustre, A. piscatorium, A. platyphyllum, A. procerum, A. pubescens, A. purpureum, A. salignum, A. sibiricum, A. subuligerum, A. suksdorfii, A. thermale, A. tomentulosum, A. venetum, Cynopaema cannabinum, Cynopaema hypericifolium, Forsteronia pavonii,

Description
Apocynum cannabinum grows up to 2 m tall. The stems are reddish and contain a milky latex capable of causing skin blisters. The leaves are opposite, simple broad lanceolate, 7 – long and 3 – broad, entire, and smooth on top with white hairs on the underside. It flowers from July to August, has large sepals, and a five-lobed white corolla. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by moths and butterflies.

Identification
The monarch is closely related to several similar-looking butterfly species whose ranges abut or overlap with its own. It also has a, the viceroy, whose similar toxicity and coloration discourages predators from hunting either species.

Utilize
For taxa whose presence in the garden is enouraged without being harmed by article taxon use tables like above but from the pov of the attracted taxon


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User:Brs57/sandbox

= A Glimpse into the Gulf Region of the Sonoran Desert  =

Animal Species: Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys Coriacea)

The largest of all living turtles and is the fourth-heaviest modern reptile behind three crocodiles. It is the only living species in the genus Dermochelys and family Dermochelyidae. It can easily be differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell, hence the name. Instead, its carapace is covered by skin and oily flesh.

Cultural Significance:
The Seri people, a tribe found in Mexico, find the leatherback sea turtle of significant cultural significance because it is one of their five main creators. The Seri people devote ceremonies and fiestas to the turtle when one is caught and then released back into the environment.

Ecological Trouble:
Leatherbacks have slightly fewer human-related threats than other sea turtle species. Their flesh contains too much oil and fat to be considered palatable, reducing the demand. However, human activity still endangers leatherback turtles in direct and indirect ways. Directly, a few are caught for their meat by subsistence fisheries. Nests are raided by humans in places such as Southeast Asia. In the state of Florida, there have been 603 leatherback strandings between 1980 and 2014. Almost one-quarter (23.5%) of leatherback strandings are due to vessel-strike injuries, which is the highest cause of strandings. The Seri people have noticed the drastic decline in turtle populations over the years and created a conservation movement to help this. The group, made up of both youth and elders from the tribe, is called Grupo Tortuguero Comaac. They use both traditional ecological knowledge and Western technology to help manage the turtle populations and protect the turtle's natural environment.

Plant Species: Desert Fig Tree (Ficus Petiolaris)
Baja California has two native species of figs from the Moraceae Family: Ficus Petiolaris, which grows from the Cape Region to the Tinaja de Yubay region, in Central Baja, many of the islands, and parts of Sonora; whereas, Ficus brandegeei has a smaller range from the Cape to a little north of Loreto, only. They are both pretty similar, with the largest difference being that the Ficus Petiolaris does not display its branches and leaves with long ¨hairs¨, meanwhile, the Ficus brandegeei does. Both varieties are called Higuera ("Fig" in Spanish), Zalate or Amate ("you love you" in Spanish), or the Desert Fig in English.

Ecological Significance:
The Baja Ficus grows usually on cliffs or in the cracks of rocks. Trees and plants such as the Ficus, help to breakdown or weather stone, creating soil in its wake. Ficus Petiolaris, as well as three species of cacti in the Baja region (Pachycereus pringlei, Stenocerueus thurberi, and Opuntia cholla) feed on dense layers of microscopic bacteria and fungus that cover the rock surfaces. Then release valuable minerals such as potassium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and phosphorus during this chemical weathering process. This process provides an indispensable supply of inorganic nutrients for other plants that do grow in the soil. In Baja, a tea made from the leaves and small branches is used as an antidote for rattlesnake bites in cattle and mules. A wash is used to treat cuts and infections. This is probably due to the facts that the milky white sap of this tree is natural latex that is toxic, a known allergen and is photosensitive. It is also shown to contain anti-inflammatory and antiseptic chemicals as well.

Geology:

The peninsula of Baja California is located in the northwestern part of Mexico; it covers an area of 71,777.589 km2. This peninsula extends to almost 1,300 km from north to south and is a land of steep mountain ranges and coastal valleys. Mexicali is a city just south of the US border, and the capital city of Baja California. The Gulf of California (also known as The Sea of Cortez) separates this peninsula with mainland Mexico and the maximum distance between the two is 250 km. The Pacific Ocean lies on the west of Baja California. Several NNW to SSE trending mountain ranges are present on this peninsula, and Picacho del Diablo is the highest peak on the Baja California peninsula, measuring 3,096 meters (10,157 ft). It is alternately called Cerro de la Encantada, "Hill of the Enchanted", "Hill of the Bewitched". The peak is located in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, part of the Peninsular Ranges. Desert areas comprise about 65% of the peninsula. The largest desert in Baja California is the Vizcaíno Desert, located in the west-central part, that has been designated a protected Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations. This peninsula has a variety of types of geological environments like coastal wetlands, sandy beaches, over 100 islands mostly located along the Gulf coast.

Mountain Ranges
“La Giganta” Mountain Range (“Sierra de la Giganta”) lies to the west, extending along the center of the state of Baja California Sur, parallel to the gulf coast. The geology and topography of the Loreto region, extending from Bahía Concepción to Agua Verde, is a coastal belt consisting "mainly of a narrow belt of ridges, valleys, and pediments adjacent to the escarpment, low- to moderate-elevation ranges transverse to the coast, and narrow coastal plains”.

Volcanos
Volcán Coronado is a small stratovolcano at the northern tip of Coronado Island, 3 km off the eastern coast of Baja California in the Canal de los Ballenas. The roughly 440-m-high volcano forms a 2-km-wide peninsula at the northern end of the elongated NNW-SSE-trending island and contains a 300 x 160 m wide crater. The age of the most recent eruptive activity from Volcán Coronado is not known, although fumarolic activity was reported in September 1539 (Medina et al., 1989).

Climate:
The Gulf's climate is hot and humid, with abundant sunshine (desert with some rainfall in summer). The median temperature is 24.4 °C (76 °F). The temperatures are hot from June through October. These summer days have highs around 34 °C (93 °F) and high humidity. Such as the city of Loeto, which according to the National Meteorological Service, Loreto's highest official temperature reading of 44.2 °C (112 °F) was recorded on July 2, 2006; the lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.0 °C (32 °F) on December 15, 1987. In the spring season, the temperatures are moderate and temperate. Autumn and winter months are usually windy. The city is built on relatively flat land with an average elevation is 10 meters (33 ft) above sea level.

Main Water Resourse:
The Gulf of California is also known as Sea of Cortez in Mexico and was named after the 16th-century Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés. The Mexican government changed the official name to the Golfo de California (Gulf of California) in the early 20th century, although both names are in vogue and are interchangeably used on maps. This gulf is over 1000 km long that extends from the mouth of the Colorado River in the north to the cape at San Lucas in the south. The Colorado River Delta was once the most important wetland of Western North America now has become almost like a desert due to this river being dammed within the USA. The sea is shallow in the north because sediment brought by the Colorado River forms a huge delta that extends from land into the sea. This gulf south of La Paz becomes more or less like an ocean, with deep trenches, canyons, and tall seamounts, and meets the Pacific Ocean further south at the southernmost tip of the Baja Peninsula known as Finisterra or the Land’s End.

Fishing:

Fishing can be seen as both an opportunity and a threat if the proper precautions aren't taken. The country of Mexico has taken great measures to make sure laws are placed so that overfishing doesn't occur and disrupt marine life. Guaymas is one of the prime examples of how vital fishing can be to an economy. Guaymense fishing occupies 11,800 people in the catch and another 325 are engaged in aquaculture. It contributes 70% of the total state fisheries production, with the main species caught, sardine, shrimp, and squid. It has 175 kilometers of coastline where important bays such as Guaymas, Lobos, San Carlos (Mexico), and the Herradura are formed. The municipality has more than 83% of the docks operating in the State. The fleet consists of 359 shrimp vessels, 32 sardineras, 3 escameras, and 910 smaller vessels, for a total of 1,304. 55% of catches are traded in the State and the rest, i.e. 45% has as its final destination the domestic market and the foreign market, to the latter, is mainly sent shrimp that has a high price in the international market, which makes guaymense fishing very dependent on the conditions of this market. The population of fishermen in coastal communities has its ancestry by 80% in the same region where the community is located; the rest comes from other localities of the state and about 5 percent from other states, particularly Sinaloa and Nayarit.

Tourism:

Due to the cities' of the Gulf having some incredible beaches and marine life, they have naturally become popular tourist destinations. Tourism is one of the highest sources of income for many of the coastal cities. One example is the city of Loreto. The city is a tourist resort, catering mostly to American travelers, with daily flights from California to Loreto International Airport. Many American tourists enjoy fishing in "pangas" for "dorado" (Mahi-mahi or Dolphin Fish). Local restaurants willingly prepare the daily catch of the tourists. Loreto has a museum that coexists alongside the historic, but still active, parish. Loreto has active sister city relationships with the California cities of Hermosa Beach, Cerritos, and Ventura.

Google tour:
For a further look into more cities located in the Gulf Region of the Sonoran Desert please visit for a virtual tour: https://tourbuilder.withgoogle.com/tour/ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyEQsSBFRvdXIYgIDgmOP-9gkM

title: User:Brs57/sandbox


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Cookbook:Strawberry-Vanilla Lassi

Lassi with strawberry and vanilla.

Ingredients

 * 10 strawberries
 * 4 tbsp superfine sugar
 * 1 pack vanilla sugar
 * 4 scoops vanilla ice cream
 * 150 ml water
 * 1 tbsp lemon juice
 * 200 g yogurt

Procedure

 * 1) Put everything in a blender, and blend until smooth.

title: Cookbook:Strawberry-Vanilla Lassi


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User:Aileenzr/sandbox

Panthera onca
Humans are having a continual impact on these plants, along with other endangered animal species. According to Joe Zentner, the distribution of the Jaguar (Panthera onca)is all along the southwest of the United States (Zenter, n.d.). It's rare to see one of these animals because they are currently an endangered species. Just like the Organ Pipe Cactus, humans have become a significant threat. For example, with the construction of the border wall and hunting of the jaguar, their population is decreasing (Kutz, 2019). Since jaguars prey on livestock, farmers kill these animals to prevent this from happening. The development of the border wall is affecting the habitat and population of both these species. The wall will take over some of the lands that the organ pipe cactus covers. The effect that this has on the jaguars is that it's limiting their travel movement. Joe Zentner mentions in his article, " jaguars today are found in this country only in southern Arizona, and their existence there is precarious" (Zenter, n.d). To protect these animals, the United States put them under the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act is encouraging farmers to try to conserve their livestock, so Jaguars don't feed off of them.

Stenocereus thurberi
The Organ Pipe Cactus (Stenocereus thurberi) is essential to our ecosystem. This plant is also commonly called the Organ Pipe Cactus due to its resemblance to a pipe organ. This plant comes from the kingdom Plantae, Phylum Anthophyta, the class is the Dicotyledoneae, Order Caryophyllales, Family of the Cactaceae, Genus Stenocereus, and the species is Stenocereus thurberi. The Organ Pipe Cactus is known as "sweet pitaya or the sweet cactus fruit. It helps store water to help protect itself against the heat and the desert droughts (Wikipedia, 2019). They also offer proteins and some oils to the soil. Humans are having a continual impact on many different species, especially these plants. The development of the border wall is affecting the habitat and population of manyspecies. The wall will take over some of the lands that the organ pipe cactus covers. The Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument helps protect the organ pipe cactus to flourish in ideal conditions.

Climate Changes
With the droughts that are affecting this region, it's impacting the population of many animal species. Chris McCreddy, Charles van Ripper III, Todd Esque, and Abigail Darrah mention that the threat that this drought is having on the bid population is being underestimated (McCreedy, 2015). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service states that "climate change poses one of the greatest conservation threats of the 21st century" (System, 2020). Along with other environmental changes like wildfires, water shortages, and invasive species, it's causing harm to places like Kofa National Wildlife Refuge.

Cibola National Wildlife Refuge
Humans are using the resources that the Cibola Refuge has to offer. According to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, humans go wildlife watching, on nature trails, fishing, and hunting (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2019). This refuge takes advantage of the water resources that surround the park to assist in maintaining the land. Colton Gavin states that the expansion of the property in this refuge could benefit the "migratory bird and other wildlife" (Gavin, 2014). With the increase in land size, it would make more space for the habitats of those different species.

Droughts
Some threat affecting this area is the flow of the canal water. If this water completely stops flowing, then it will also affect the levels of the groundwater. Since the drought has become a concurring problem, it is affecting the water sources in this region. Farmer have to dig deeper to get groundwater. The deeper the dig for this water, the saltier the water gets, and the cost increases. Haley mentions that "thirty percent of what flows through open canals from the wells to the fields here either evaporates or soaks into the ground" (Nolde, 2020). A solution to this problem is to build more underground pipes. These pipes can help conserve more water for farmers to use to irrigate their land.

title: User:Aileenzr/sandbox


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English-Hanzi/We must have confidence in the people

We must have confidence in the people, and we must have confidence in the party. These are two basic principles. If we doubt these principles, we will achieve nothing.

我们必须对人民有信心，我们必须对党有信心. 这是两个基本原则. 如果我们怀疑这些原则，我们将一事无成.


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User:Lee yun betty/sandbox

AZ Uplands Plant and Animal Life

Animal Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi)

Facts and Physique
The Elf Owl is the smallest Owl in the world,about the size of a sparrow and just as small as Peru's Long-whiskered Owlet. It is less than six inches tall and weight about one to one and a half ounces. The Elf Owl is not an aggressive bird, when captured by a pray of sorts, the Elf Owl plays dead untill all danger has cleared. Elf owls are classified as endangered in California. In some areas where deforestation is occurring, elf owls face losses of breeding habitat due to the destruction of the woodpecker holes they use as nest cavities. Attempts at conservation have generally been unsuccessful up to this point. For example, a 1983 endeavor to bring back native riparian woodland along the Lower Colorado River had mixed results because the salinity content of the soil was too high and irrigation of the native trees proved difficult. Another attempt at conservation occurred in 1994 at the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area in Trans-Pecos, Texas. Nest-boxes modeled after disappearing ladder-backed woodpecker holes were set up. The effectiveness of the attempt is unknown because no studies were conducted before the nest-boxes were set up, and there were no control groups. Conservation efforts that should continue include: field experiments that assess the habitat and populations of elf owls before the introduction of nest-boxes, the result of introducing nest-boxes into the elf owl’s habitat, and a continuous censusing of elf owl populations, which are subject to natural cycles of population increases and declines.

Habitat
The Elf Owl is mostly seen looking out of a hole in a saguaro cactus tree and woodpeckers hole. They can be found in mountains reaching elevations of up to 6000ft. Elf Owl is one of two highly migratory owl species in North America. They migrate to Mexico when it gets too cold because insects will not come out in the cold.

Diet
Elf owls are small, so they hunt insects, spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, which live in the hot deserts of the southwestern United States. Only once in a while do elf owls manage to catch a mouse or lizard. Their quill feathers are not soft like those of other owls, so they make a swishing sound as they fly. Sometimes the creatures they are trying to catch hear the noise and escape.(Letchworth)

Life Span
The maximum age of elf owls is about five years in the wild, although they can reach 14 years in captivity. Causes of mortality among elf owls include: predation, competition with other species, competition between nestlings, and exposure.

Plant

Facts
Creosote contains a powerful antioxidant called nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). When NDGA was discovered in the 1940s, it was immediately adopted as a food and pharmaceutical preservative for lard, oil, candies, baking mixes, frozen foods, vitamins and drugs (Turner 2009). That use ended when animal studies showed the compound to be toxic to the kidneys.(Garza)
 * often called ‘greasewood’
 * It produces small

Habitat
Creosote grows in large stands under the scorching desert sun. The most drought-tolerant plant in North America, it can survive two years without water.(Garza)
 * found mostly in the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts.

Shelter for:
Creosote contributes habitat to its community by stabilizing the thin desert soil, allowing burrowing rodents and in turn, reptiles, amphibians and owls to find a home (Rea 1997). Its flowers and fruit are popular with insects, birds and small mammals, but few creatures browse its resinous, unpalatable leaves except in time of drought.(Garza)
 * Desert tortoises dig their shelters under creosotebush where its roots stabilize the soil.
 * Banner-tailed kangaroo rats frequently use creosotebush for cover.
 * Merriam's kangaroo rats often make their dens under creosotebush.
 * Some subspecies of kit fox rest and den in creosotebush flats.

Importance

 * Creosote bush is an antimicrobial
 * Used by Native American as medicine
 * Sexually transmitted diseases
 * Tuberculosis
 * Chicken pox
 * Dysmenorrhea
 * Snakebite
 * cancer
 * When Larrea Tridentata is called chaparral when used a herbal remedy

Reference
1) Letchworth, Beverly J. “Elf in the Saguaro.” Children’s Playmate Magazine, vol. 67, no. 7, Oct. 1995, p. 28. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=9510102761&site=eds-live. 2) Garza, Rebecca. “Creosote Bush: Medicinal Shrub of the Southwestern Deserts.” Journal of the American Herbalists Guild, vol. 13, no. 1, Spring 2015, pp. 42–46. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=108355538&site=eds-live. 3)https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Micrathene_whitneyi/

title: User:Lee yun betty/sandbox


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English-Hanzi/Seoul

South Korea's capital, Seoul, is an important global city. Of the 51 million people, half of South Korea lives in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the fourth largest metropolitan area in the world.

韩国首都首尔是重要的全球城市. 在5100万人中，韩国的一半居住在首尔都市圈，这是世界第四大都市圈.

title: English-Hanzi/Seoul


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English-Hanzi/London

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Located on the Thames in southeast England, 80 kilometers from the North Sea estuary, London has been a major settlement for more than 2000 years.

伦敦是英格兰和英国的首都和最大城市. 伦敦位于英格兰东南部的泰晤士河上，距北海河口80千米，是2000多年以来的主要定居点.

title: English-Hanzi/London


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English-Hanzi/New York

New York is the most populous city in the United States. With a population of 8.4 million people, New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.

纽约是美国人口最多的城市. 纽约人口840万人，也是美国人口最稠密的主要城市.

title: English-Hanzi/New York


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User talk:Rajiv64

I have deleted MacLaurin series, which you recently created. It was not a book - this is Wikibooks, not Wikipedia. Please see Using Wikibooks for more about what Wikibooks is.--ЗAНИA talk 07:30, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rajiv64


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Emulation/Game Boy Advance

About Game Boy Advance
The Game Boy Advance is based on a 32bit ARM7TDMI CPU, and is relatively well understood.

Because the Game Boy Advance is relatively low spec, it can be emulated on most devices made since the early 2010's. However, the Game Boy advance is still a complex device, and so accurate emulation can still be taxing on hardware.

mGBA
mGBA is a newer Game Boy Advance emulator, and features superior speed and accuracy when compared to VisualBoyAdvance. It is open source software.

mGBA can work with Dolphin for GameCube-GBA emulation. mGBA also allows for eReader emulation.

Supported platforms for mGBA currently include Windows, macOS, Linux, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo Switch, Wii, and PlayStation Vita. mGBA was made by developer endrift.

NanoBoyAdvance
NanoBoyAdvance is an open source Game Boy Advance emulator for Windows, macOS, and Linux developed by fleroviux.

VisualBoyAdvance
VisualBoyAdvance is an open source Game Boy Advance emulator from the mid-2000's. A more current fork, VBA-M, also exists.

Although VisualBoyAdvance (VBA) and a fork of VBA, VisualBoyAdvance-M (VBA-M), were once the best Game Boy Advance (GBA) emulators, they have been since surpassed by mGBA. VBA-M supports connections with Dolphin for GameCube-GBA emulation. While both are still good emulators, mGBA is superior in practically every way.

VBA is no longer in development and has a known security flaw allowing arbitrary code execution. This means it is especially critical that users only use known good backup files made by themselves when using VBA.

No$GBA
No$GBA is a freeware (Gratis) Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS emulator.

GBE+
GBE+ (Short for GB Enhanced +) is an open source emulator for most portable Nintendo handhelds of the 2000's, including the GameBoy Advance. GBE+ is most notable for supporting the emulation of a number of obscure add ons.

Making backups
There are a variety of methods to make backups of the Game Boy Advance BIOS, game cartridges, and save files.

title: Emulation/Game Boy Advance


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User:Andrea Ugo

Hello world!

How to upload an SSH public key in Phabricator

title: User:Andrea Ugo


text:
Private Bodies of Water

Table of Contents

 * Introduction: Why private bodies of water are awesome and how this book can help you create and enjoy your own.
 * Types of private bodies of water: The different kinds of water features you can have on your property, such as ponds, lakes, streams, wetlands, fountains and pools. How to choose the best type for your needs and preferences.
 * Designing your water body: The steps and factors involved in planning and building your water body, such as location, size, shape, depth, drainage, lining, circulation and landscaping.
 * Managing your water body: The best practices and tips for maintaining the health and beauty of your water body, such as water quality, aeration, filtration, algae control, weed control and pest control.
 * Taxa of your water body: The various plants and animals that can live in or around your water body, such as aquatic plants, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. How to attract, identify and care for them.
 * Activities on your water body: The fun and relaxing things you can do on or near your water body, such as swimming, boating, fishing, birdwatching, photography and meditation.
 * Locations of private bodies of water: The examples and inspiration of private bodies of water from different regions and climates around the world. How to adapt your water body to your local environment and conditions.

title: Private Bodies of Water


text: Category:Book:Private Bodies of Water

title: Category:Book:Private Bodies of Water


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User:Zipheir

Please put any messages for me on this page.

title: User:Zipheir


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English-Hanzi/Singapore

Singapore is an island and city country in Southeast Asia. It is located about 1 degree north of the equator and is located at the southernmost point of the Malay Peninsula and Eurasia.

新加坡是东南亚的一个岛屿和城市国家. 它位于赤道以北约1度，位于马来半岛和欧亚大陆的最南端.

title: English-Hanzi/Singapore


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User talk:Brs57/sandbox

= A view into cities of the Gulf Region of the Sonoran Desert  =

Isla Coronado:

Isla Coronado, also known as “Smith Island” on some maps, is just off the eastern shoreline of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, near Bahía de Los Ángeles, in the Gulf of California. The island is approximately 7 kilometers long, and it is dominated by a volcano on its northern end.

Biodiversity:
The island has seven species of reptiles: Aspidoscelis tigris (tiger whiptail), Callisaurus draconoides (zebra-tailed lizard), Crotalus mitchellii (speckled rattlesnake), Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha (coast night snake), Phyllodactylus nocticolus (peninsular leaf-toed gecko), Sauromalus hispidus (spiny chuckwalla), and Uta stansburiana (common side-blotched lizard).

Geology/Climate:
Volcán Coronado is a small stratovolcano at the northern tip of Coronado Island, 3 km off the eastern coast of Baja California in the Canal de los Ballenas. The roughly 440-m-high volcano forms a 2-km-wide peninsula at the northern end of the elongated NNW-SSE-trending island and contains a 300 x 160 m wide crater. The age of the most recent eruptive activity from Volcán Coronado is not known, although fumarolic activity was reported in September 1539 (Medina et al., 1989).

Land/Water Use and Opportunities/Threats:
Today, the uninhabited island is a refuge with a rich marine assemblage, especially when compared to other, unprotected parts of the Gulf. This image provides hints of the diverse marine environment around the island. Most of the coast is steep and rocky, but lighter blue lagoons, especially along the western coast, provide shallower, protected environments that are biologically robust. Offshore, internal waves and complex surface currents facilitate the mixing of the water, important for nutrient delivery to the coastal environments. These water patterns are outlined by sunglint (light reflecting off of the water surface back towards the camera onboard the International Space Station). The sunglint patterns are due to wind and currents, which roughen the water surface and enhance reflection, and surfactants that decrease the surface tension and roughness, resulting in regions of dark, smooth water.

Tiburón Island:

Tiburón Island is the largest island in the Gulf of California and the largest island in Mexico, with an area of 1,201 square kilometres (464 sq mi). It was made a nature reserve in 1963 by President Adolfo López Mateos.

Biodiversity:
Bighorn sheep were introduced to the island in the 1980s; hunting is managed by the tribal government in coordination with Mexican federal authorities. It is also home to a subspecies of coyote (Canis latrans jamesi) that is found nowhere but the island.

Geology/Climate:
The island can be reached from Punta Chueca, which is the nearest community inhabited by members of the Seri tribe, and from Bahía de Kino, a non-Seri community 34 kilometres (21 miles) to the south. The distance from Punta Chueca to Punta Tormenta, the nearest point on the island, is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles). The channel between the mainland and the island is called Canal del Infiernillo ("Tiny Hell's Channel"), because of the strong tidal currents and shoal water that occur there which can make navigation challenging. The island has a prominent mountain system of volcanic origin.

Land/Water Use and Opportunities/Threats:
Tiburón Island is part of the traditional homeland of some bands (or clans) of the Seri people, probably for many centuries if not millennia. During the 1960s and early 1970s, a small hunting and fishing camp on the northern end of the island was operated by Jesus Olivas, a resident of Hermosillo. He constructed several buildings, a dock, and an airstrip near the historic Seri encampment at Tecomate. The camp was popular with American visitors to the area. The remains of the structures and airstrip are still in place (although the airstrip was rendered unusable by the Mexican military around 1995 in an attempt to keep it from being used by smugglers who were active in the area at the time). In 1975, the Mexican government, through a decree by President Echeverría, gave the Seri recognition and title of communal property ("reconocimiento y titulación de terrenos comunales") with respect to Tiburón Island.The island is uninhabited (except for Mexican military encampments on the eastern and southern shores of the island) and is administered as an ecological preserve by the Seri tribal government in conjunction with the federal government.

Guaymas:

Guaymas is a city in Guaymas Municipality, in the southwest part of the state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. The city is 134 km south of the state capital of Hermosillo, and 389 kilometres (242 mi) from the U.S. border. The municipality is located on the Gulf of California and the western edge of the Sonoran Desert. The municipality's formal name is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city's formal name is the Heróica Ciudad de Guaymas. The city proper is mostly an industrial port and is the principal port for the state of Sonora.

Biodiversity:
Guaymas has become more of a tourist attraction and less of a home for wild species. In livestock activity, cattle ranching with 72,875 heads is the most important, following the exploitation of goats with 20,088 bellies, birds, and other minor species.

Geology/Climate:
Guaymas has a desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with hot summers and warm winters. The municipality is located on the Gulf of California and the western edge of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot, dry climate and 117 km of beaches.

Land/Water Use:
The irrigation infrastructure for agriculture in addition to the 186 wells, has the Ignacio Alatorre Dam that is located in the Guaymas Valley with a total capacity of 27 million 700 thousand cubic meters; and the heated water repressive in Vícam with an extraction capacity of 15 million 300 thousand cubic meters of water and 345 kilometers of coated conduction channels. Agriculture in the municipality takes place on a total area of 42,291 hectares of which 22,000 hectares are located in the Yaquis communities and the Guaymas valley has 17,296 hectares of irrigation and 2,995 hectares of moisture or temporary. The main crops are: wheat, soybeans, safflower, corn, cotton and some vegetables and fruit such as pumpkin and papaya

Opportunities/Threats:
Guaymense fishing occupies 11,800 people in the catch and another 325 are engaged in aquaculture. It contributes 70% of the total state fisheries production, with the main species caught, sardine, shrimp, and squid. It has 175 kilometers of coastline where important bays such as Guaymas, Lobos, San Carlos (Mexico), and the Herradura are formed. The municipality has more than 83% of the docks operating in the State. The fleet consists of 359 shrimp vessels, 32 sardineras, 3 escameras and 910 smaller vessels, for a total of 1,304. 55% of catches are traded in the State and the rest, i.e. 45% has as its final destination the domestic market and the foreign market, to the latter, is mainly sent shrimp that has a high price in the international market, which makes guaymense fishing very dependent on the conditions of this market. The population of fishermen in coastal communities has its ancestry by 80% in the same region where the community is located; the rest comes from other localities of the state and about 5 percent from other states, particularly Sinaloa and Nayarit. Today fishing has ceased to be considered the main activity generating employment and providing good economic resources to the majority of the Guaymense population, due to lack of interest and investment of the government, in turn, the arrival of maquiladora plants have seized the high demand for jobs by hiring cheap labor.

Bahía Kino:

Bahía Kino is a beachside town on a secluded bay on the Sea of Cortez 117 Kms West of Hermosillo in the State of Sonora. Known as Hermosillo’s beach, Bahía Kino was named after Padre Kino, the benevolent Jesuit priest who rode horseback throughout many parts of Western Mexico and the US establishing Missions. Arriving from Italy in 1681, he soon established more than 20 missions in the region as well as created many of the first maps of the areas. The names Bahía de Kino, Bahía Kino, and Kino Bay are used interchangeably.

Biodiversity:
Many birds nest in Bahía de Kino during the spring and summer. Birds often encountered include: Brown Booby, Blue-footed Booby, Frigate Birds, Brown Pelican, and Orioles. Alcatraz Island is protected and it is against the law to set foot there due to the unique population of birds, which is continually being monitored and studied. You can most effectively view the bird population from a boat. During the nesting season, especially, please be careful to avoid disrupting the birds.

Geology/Climate:
Bahia de Kino's sandy beach is one of the town's attractions. The beach is easily accessed every block via public access ways. To the south of town is the Santa Cruz estuary/lagoon then the coastline veers to the west to Punta San Nicolas. To the northwest of town, the coast is an interesting mix of rocky headlands and sand/gravel coves. Views of Isla Tiburon to the west abound. Interesting peaks with magnificent views all the way across to Baja dominate the landscape to the east and north. To the south flat desert scrubland continues all the way southeast to Estero Tastiota about 64 km (40 miles) away. Bahía de Kino has a desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Bahía de Kino is part of the Sonoran desert. Winter temperatures are pleasant though winds from the north can make things feel chilly. Strong winter winds can be a concern in December, January, and February. Mid-October to mid-November as well as March and April are ideal times of year to visit. Summer - July, August, September - is hot and surprisingly humid.

Land/Water Use:
The establishment of the local Distrito de Colonización Presidente Miguel Alemán between Hermosillo and Bahia de Kino coupled with the recent availability of subterranean water pumping technology allowed for large scale, regional agrarian development. The late 1930s saw the rapid development of the shark fishery that supplied shark liver oil to the U.S. for use in the production of vitamin A supplements. The mid-1940s marked the beginning of the industrial shrimp fishery in the Gulf of California. The 1960s witnessed the early development of the scallop (“callos” in Spanish) fishery in the bay. Trapping for crab (Callinectes bellicosus) became an important addition to Kino fishing effort starting about 1990 (Weaver et al. 2003). It is unclear if Kineño fishers had utilized benthic trapping technology prior to the development of the crab fishery.

Opportunities/Threats:
The 1970s saw a dramatic increase in the population of Bahia de Kino during which the town grew from just a few hundred residents to several thousand. Most of the new residents were immigrants to the region, some from as far south as Michoacán, other from the deserts of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Most had little fishing or boating experience, the developing fishery offered steady employment at a time when many of Mexico's rural ejidos or cooperative farming and ranching communities were suffering economic setbacks and low productivity (Simon 1997). In 1975, the Mexican government placed a ban on totoaba fishing – the fishery had been decimated, primarily due to over-fishing at spawning grounds at the mouth of the Colorado River (Bahre & Bourillon 2002). In the late 1970s a plan was proposed to build a marina and marine service center in the nearby Laguna Santa Cruz. A dock and ramp were constructed, a trailerpark developed and a channel dredged through the barrier bars across the mouth of the laguna. The project is said to have bankrupted itself. Remains of the dredge are still visible in the laguna. The dredged channel is still usable by vessels drawing less than 1.5 meters but local knowledge is essential for entry as there are no aids to navigation associated with the canal. In 2006, a plan for development of a marina in Kino Bay was approved by the state governor's office. The location was centered on the existing ramp facilities north of Kino Nuevo. Little development of this plan has occurred however. The ramps have been rebuilt several times after sustaining damage from hurricanes over the years.

Loreto:

Loreto (or Conchó) is considered to be the first human settlement in Baja California Sur. It is now a resort town and municipal seat of Loreto Municipality, located on the Gulf of California in eastern Baja California Sur state, Mexico. In 2019, the city of 20,385 inhabitants is located about 350 km (220 mi) north of La Paz, the capital of Baja California Sur state.

Biodiversity:
Loreto's waters are home to species like snapper and seabass, which are found all year long. Thanks to this abundance, Loreto has been home of several IGFA records.The two “foundations” of Loreto's sport fishing are the “dorado” and the “yellow tail” (Seriola lalandi dorsalis). The dorado is the emblematic species of Loreto's warm waters, its season beginning in late May, peaking from July to September, and ending in November, with two important tournaments, in July and September. The yellow tail is one of the strongest species; its season begins in November, peaks from March to April, and comes to an end in late May. The whales start to show up in January and stay for a few months. You can see blue whales, humpback whales, and even orcas in Loreto Bay, but the most popular whale watching tours here are for the famous blue whales.

Geology/Climate:
Loreto's climate is hot and humid, with abundant sunshine (desert with some rainfall in summer). The median temperature is 24.4 °C (76 °F). The temperatures are hot from June through October. These summer days have highs around 34 °C (93 °F) and high humidity. According to the National Meteorological Service, Loreto's highest official temperature reading of 44.2 °C (112 °F) was recorded on July 2, 2006; the lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.0 °C (32 °F) on December 15, 1987. In the spring season, the temperatures are moderate and temperate. Autumn and winter months are usually windy. The city is built on relatively flat land with an average elevation is 10 meters (33 ft) above sea level. “La Giganta” Mountain Range (“Sierra de la Giganta”) lies to the west, extending along the center of the state of Baja California Sur, parallel to the gulf coast. The geology and topography of the Loreto region, extending from Bahía Concepción to Agua Verde, is a coastal belt consisting "mainly of a narrow belt of ridges, valleys, and pediments adjacent to the escarpment, low- to moderate-elevation ranges transverse to the coast, and narrow coastal plains”.

Land/Water Use:
Loreto has a reputation as an excellent sport fishing location. This is its main tourist attraction, as well as the main source of employment in the area, thus linking Loreto's economy closely to fishing. There are two well-defined fishing seasons: summer features “dorado” and species like marlin (black marlin, Atlantic blue marlin, striped marlin) and sailfish, which are ideal for fly fishing; winter fishing features “yellow tail” (jurel) and other species that usually are deep in the sea rocks.

Opportunities/Threats:
The city is a tourist resort, catering mostly to American travelers, with daily flights from California to Loreto International Airport. Many American tourists enjoy fishing in "pangas" for "dorado" (Mahi-mahi or Dolphin Fish). Local restaurants willingly prepare the daily catch of the tourists. Loreto has a museum that coexists alongside the historic, but still active, parish. Loreto has active sister city relationships with the California cities of Hermosa Beach, Cerritos, and Ventura.

Google tour:
For a further look into more cities located in the Gulf Region of the Sonoran Desert please visit for a virtual tour: https://tourbuilder.withgoogle.com/tour/ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyEQsSBFRvdXIYgIDgmOP-9gkM

title: User talk:Brs57/sandbox


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Phabricator Administrator's Handbook/Authorize a client via SSH

This module is about how to upload an SSH public key in Phabricator from GNU/Linux or other Unix-like operating systems.

This guide is useful to be authorized to push in a Phabricator repository via SSH.

How does it work
You can authorize some of your computers to interact with SSH in Phabricator. Only if your computer is authorized you can then interact with git, Subversion or Mercurial via SSH.

To be honest, with git you can also push via HTTP but this is slower and less safe and it's out of the scope of this guide.

Generate an SSH key
First thing, open the terminal with Ctrl. To generate an SSH public/private RSA key pair, digit this command and press enter:

You can confirm the default path to the file in which to save the key.

Note: in case you already have a key, abort and go to.

If you want it to be more secure enter a passphrase and then confirm it, else press enter twice.

 * Side note: nearly 99% of the people does not set a passphrase to their SSH key. This has sense if you keep your computer secure. Anyway note that, even if your distribution may be secure and hardened, you have to trust every single proprietary software you downloaded from the Internet, because every proprietary software inside your computer can access your files and your SSH keys anytime, and they could technically hijack them for every nasty purpose anitime. Anyway, if a software inside your computer is compromised, do not expect that just a passphrase can be your solution to protect your SSH key...

You will get an output like this:

Now you are ready to copy your SSH key.

Copy your SSH key
Display the content of your SSH public key with this command:

Copy the entire line. It should be something like this:

Now you can upload it in your Phabricator user.

Upload your SSH key in Phabricator
Now, open a browser web and go on your Phabricator's profile settings and click on SSH Public Keys in the left menu.

On the right-top of the page:

SSH Key Actions > Upload Public Key

 * In Public Key text box paste the content of the file you copied before
 * In Name text box write the name of the file that you have opened before. In my case

Then click on Upload Public Key and that's it.


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English-Hanzi/Sydney

Sydney is the capital of New South Wales. It has a population of 5.2 million. It is the city of largest population in Australia and Oceania.

悉尼是新南威尔士州的首府. 它的人口为520万. 它是澳大利亚和大洋洲人口最多的城市.

title: English-Hanzi/Sydney


text: Template:Mono

title: Template:Mono


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Template:Mono/doc

Usage
This template is used to render text in a monospaced font.

 * → This is text in a monospaced font.

title: Template:Mono/doc


text:
User:Valerio Bozzolan

Hello, world!

I love Free as in Freedom documentation and GNU/Linux.

I'm currently working on the Phabricator Administrator's Handbook.

title: User:Valerio Bozzolan


text: User:Valerio Bozzolan/Free as in Freedom documentation boost


text: User talk:Andrea Ugo

title: User talk:Andrea Ugo


text:
Italian/Contents

General Pages

 * Introduction ~ Introduzione
 * About the Book ~ Del libro
 * Layout~ Disposizione

Italià Italienisch Italiano fa:زبان ایتالیایی Enseignement de l'italien Italiano איטלקית Italiaans Italiano Italian kieli Мова людства/Італійська

title: Italian/Contents


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User:NopeUsername/common.css

body { font-family: sans-serif }

title: User:NopeUsername/common.css


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Template talk:2+

Query
Is there really a need for this when Template:Sup can be used instead? Minorax (discuss • contribs) 10:08, 15 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:2+


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Celestia/Tutorials/Simple Asteroids

This tutorial series will start with how to add asteroids into Celestia. Asteroids are one of the easiest objects to add to Celestia, because most of them can be simulated as bits of SSC code.

To add an asteroid to Celestia, you need an .ssc file. This can be created by taking any plain text file and renaming the file extension to. This file can be named anything as long as it has the  suffix. Then, it should be placed into the "extras" directory (i.e. a folder), or any folder within the "extras" directory.

Now, after you open the .ssc file, you need to define an asteroid by writing some code in it with your favorite text editor. Information for most asteroids can be found in various places, such as JPL's Small-Body Database Browser or Wikipedia. The basic definition looks like this:

Basic definition
"Name" "Sol" { 	Class "asteroid" Mesh "mesh.*" Texture "texture.*" Radius Color [  ] BlendTexture true EllipticalOrbit { 	Epoch Period SemiMajorAxis Eccentricity Inclination AscendingNode ArgOfPericenter MeanAnomaly } 	Albedo RotationPeriod }

We'll go through the parameters one by one. For fun, let's use the asteroid 24601 Valjean as an example.

Also, at any point you can add a comment to your .ssc code. A comment is started by a  sign and lasts until the next line break. It's a good idea to add comments explaining if you calculated parameters yourself, or if they are guesses.

Name
"Name" "Sol"

Here,  means to put the asteroid in orbit around the Sun, also known as "Sol". is just the name (or names) of the asteroid. If an asteroid has multiple names, separate them with colons. For asteroids it's customary to add the full name including its number, just the name itself, and the provisional designation (which looks like a four-digit number of year followed by some letters and numbers, usually two letters and several more numbers.) For Valjean, it would look like this:

"24601 Valjean:Valjean:1971 UW" "Sol"

Other asteroids haven't been named yet. These asteroids tend to be written like this, with one version containing the minor planet number:

"24601 1971 UW:1971 UW" "Sol"

Class
Class "asteroid"

This line simply tells Celestia that the object is an asteroid.

Mesh
Mesh "mesh.*"

This line tells Celestia what model to use. This line can left out, but it will result in the asteroid being a sphere, which most aren't in real life.

For most asteroids, their shape is unknown because we haven't imaged them in close detail. Celestia comes with two random models that are typically used for when the shape isn't known:  and. For Celestia, substitute  with one of the two models mentioned above.

If you want to model an asteroid's actual shape from a shape model, refer to Advanced Asteroids#Mesh.

Texture
Texture "texture.*"

Textures are essentially maps that are wrapped around models. Again, most asteroids will not have textures because we haven't imaged them in close detail. In this case,  is almost always used.

Radius
Radius

This parameter simply refers to the radius of the asteroid, in kilometers. If you're lucky, JPL's Small Body Database will have a diameter that you can divide by two to get the radius. However, many will not. In that case, the next best thing to use is the absolute magnitude parameter, for which a published value should exist for every asteroid.

The absolute magnitude parameter is essentially a value of how intrinsically bright it is, with a lower value meaning a brighter asteroid. Using this and the albedo value (explained in detail later), it is possible to estimate the size of the asteroid.

Unfortunately, many asteroids do not have known albedos either. So it is common to assume an albedo of about 0.4 for rocky objects and an albedo of about 0.08 for icy objects. To calculate the radius (in kilometers), use this formula:

 * $$R = \frac{664.5}{\sqrt{p}}10^{-0.2H}$$

where $$p$$ stands for the albedo and $$H$$ stands for the absolute magnitude.

Color
Color [  ] BlendTexture true

The  parameter is simply the RGB value of the object, when it appears as a dot. There are two ways to get this parameter: using the  tool in the source code, and using color indices. simply means that the texture is tinted the same color as the  parameter. If you can't find any color-related information, leave it blank.

For ways of estimating the color of an asteroid from scientific data, refer to Advanced Asteroids#Color.

Orbit
EllipticalOrbit { 	Epoch Period SemiMajorAxis Eccentricity Inclination AscendingNode ArgOfPericenter MeanAnomaly }

This bit of code defines how the asteroid orbits the parent body, in this case the Sun. Other parameters may be used, such as, but this is the most common format.

Simply copy-paste values from a database, such as JPL's Small Body Database Browser. Note that the period is in years, not days, and the epoch is in Julian date format.

Albedo
Albedo

The albedo of an asteroid is a value from 0 to 1 that refers to what fraction of light gets reflected off the asteroid, with 0 being a complete dark object and 1 reflecting all of the light that hits it.

If you cannot find a published albedo value, you may have to estimate one. Counterintuitively, rocky objects tend to have higher albedos (around 0.4) than icy objects (around 0.08).

Rotation period
RotationPeriod

This is simply how long it takes for an asteroid to rotate once about its axis of rotation. The unit is in hours. For Valjean, there is a published value: 5.89 hours.

RotationPeriod 5.89

Again, many asteroids do not have known rotation periods, so it is necessary to guess. As a rule of thumb, smaller asteroids haver shorter rotation periods.

For more accurate asteroid rotations that include things like axial tilt, refer to Advanced Asteroids#Rotational axis. These use different parameters from.

Example code
For the sake of reference, here is what some .ssc code might look like for 24601 Valjean:

"24601 Valjean:Valjean:1971 UW" "Sol" { 	Class "asteroid" Mesh "asteroid.cms" Texture "asteroid.jpg" Radius 1.1 # assuming albedo of 0.4 EllipticalOrbit { 	Epoch	       2459000.5 Period		3.31008102884 SemiMajorAxis	2.22102586047 Eccentricity	0.19003032943 Inclination	6.40072085043 AscendingNode	37.6267058410 ArgOfPericenter 348.001749666 MeanAnomaly	253.443255341 } 	Albedo 0.4 # guess RotationPeriod 5.89 }

title: Celestia/Tutorials/Simple Asteroids