text:
Talk:Statistics/Multivariate Data Analysis

Page Plan
How would an overall plan of this page look like? I plan to cover the basics of multivariate distributions, multivariate normal, multivariate t, and Wishart. That can then lead to hypothesis testing by the Hotelling $$T^2$$ statistic. Other important topics will include multivariate regression, principal component analysis and factor analysis.

I hope to give the reduced rank regression perspective as it ties several of these ideas like PCA, Canonical Correlation Analysis and Factor Analysis together. Will multidimensional scaling, profile analysis and UMap be necessary? Should we include multivariate time series or other regression techniques like Partial Least Squares and LASSO? SirUnknown2 (discuss • contribs) 17:34, 26 February 2023 (UTC)


text:
User:SirUnknown2

I am a graduate student in mathematics and statistics.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:SirUnknown2


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Algeria/Algiers

Algiers is the biggest city of Algeria, and is where the Algerian government is based. The city has a long history, dating back to ancient times.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/New York City

New York City is one of the biggest cities of the United States of America and is famous across the globe. Nicknamed "The Big Apple", New York City serves as an important hub for both worldwide culture and economics. The city of New York is known for its rich diversity, with a number of cultural identities enriching the city.

The city of New York is divided into a few large areas known as burroughs. The people of New York City get around through a variety of methods, including walking, biking, taxi cars, taking the subway, taking a ferry boat, or taking a personal car.

The Other New York: New York City is located in the State of New York, which is much larger in size, and includes not only the bustling city of New York, but many smaller cities, as well as natural scenes and other attractions.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Egypt

Egypt is a country in Africa, bordering Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Nigeria

Nigeria is a country in Africa.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a country in east Africa.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Kenya

Kenya is a country in east Africa.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/South Africa

South Africa is a country in southern Africa.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Canada

Canada is a country in North America.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Mexico

Mexico is a country in North America.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Brazil

Brazil is a country in South America.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Argentina

Argentina is a country in South America.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Cuba

Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/India

India is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Japan

Japan is an island country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Indonesia

Indonesia is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Philippines

The Philipines is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Singapore

Singapore is a special because not only is it a city, it's also an entire country! Despite its small size, Singapore is an important city, with a prosporous port, advanced technology, and a unique position as one of the few city states of the world.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Malaysia

Malaysia is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Thailand

Thailand is a country in southeast Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/New Zealand

New Zealand is a country in Oceania.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Australia

Australia is a country and continent in Oceania.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Russia

Russia is a country spanning parts of Europe and Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in eastern Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Cambodia

Cambodia is a country in southeast Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Laos

Laos is a country in southeast Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Russia/Moscow

Moscow is the capital city of Russia, and a very populous city. As the political center of Russia, it hosts a number of national and cultural institutions for the nation.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Russia/Staint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a the northernmost city in the world to have over a million people. It is a historic city known for it's culture.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/People's Republic of China/Beijing

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the most important cities in China, and is an important city culturally, politically, and economically for the nation. Beijing is the most populous national capital city in the world.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Japan/Tokyo

Tokyo is the capital of Japan, and one of the largest cities on Earth.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Vietnam

Vietnam is a country in southeast Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Pakistan

Pakistan is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/France

France is a country in western Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Germany

Germany is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Italy

Italy is a country in mediterranean Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Greece

Greece is a country in mediterranean Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Iraq

Iraq is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a country in Asia.


text:
The Future of Leadership/Job Crafting

Job Crafting
Although traditional job-design is top-down, job crafting is initiated by proactive employees at an organization. Employees participating in job crafting take the initiative to shape their jobs to better suit their strengths, motives, and passions. These job crafting behaviors can lead to greater employee engagement. Leaders can take advantage of the benefits of job crafting by understanding job crafting and enabling their employees to reframe their roles in the organization. This chapter will define job crafting and effects of employees crafting their jobs and then offer some practical advice for leaders on this subject.

What is Job Crafting?
Job crafting is a tool employees can use to make their job a better fit for their personal needs, interests, and skills by changing the scope of their job tasks and relationships. Job crafting can be especially relevant when employees are dissatisfied with their jobs, and for economic or other reasons, they are unable to move into a different role or company. Employees may be motivated to craft their jobs in order to feel a sense of control over some aspects of their job, even if it’s in small ways. Crafting their job also gives employees an opportunity to create and support a positive self image of themselves and what they do. Additionally, job crafting may be motivated by the desire of an employee for their work to allow them to meaningfully connect with and impact others. Whatever the specific motivation, employees are typically driven to craft their jobs based on work identity needs that are not being met by the way their job is currently designed.

In research, there are two dominant perspectives of job crafting.

Task, Relational, & Cognitive
The first common perspective defines job crafting as “the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work”. Through crafting their jobs, employees are able to change the identity and meaning of their work. This first perspective breaks job crafting into three different types: task, relational, and cognitive. Crafting a job through task crafting involves changing the number, scope, or type of tasks that one does at work. Relational crafting requires changing the quantity or quality or interactions with others at work. Cognitive crafting involves reframing the way one thinks about the job they do.

Job Demands-Resources
The second dominant perspective on job crafting defines job crafting as “a specific form of proactive behavior in which the employee initiates changes in the level of job demands and job resources”. Job demands are the features of a job that require a sustained physical, emotional, or mental effort from the employee, while job resources are the features of a job that reduce job demands, are useful in achieving work goals, and/or help an employee achieve personal growth. This second perspective on job crafting describes methods of job crafting in three dimensions: increasing the level of job resources, increasing the level of job demands, and/or decreasing the level of job demands.

The Effects of Job Crafting
Effective job crafting has various benefits, both for the employee and for the organization. One notable benefit is the increased connection throughout the workplace. Humans are naturally very social. Oftentimes, employees will change their positions to allow them to collaborate with their coworkers more often. The relationship between coworkers improves, and so does the relationship between employees and the company itself. It has been shown that in companies that employees are allowed to have a say in their job duties are more likely to remain loyal to their current organization rather than finding a new job.

The benefits of job crafting could be especially relevant now, considering that in 2022, Gallup’s employee engagement survey found that only 32% of full-time and part-time employees are engaged at their job, on the decline since 2020. Job crafting has been shown to increase employee engagement, especially when the job crafting behaviors involve things like taking on new challenges and skill development. Alternatively, if an employee is crafting their job on a daily basis to reduce the level of job demands, it is shown to decrease job engagement. This means that whether the effects of job crafting are positive or negative depends on what employees are doing to craft their jobs.

Practical Advice for Leaders
Leaders in the workplace could benefit greatly from encouraging effective job crafting among their employees. People enjoy autonomy. When approaching something like job crafting in the workplace, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, job crafting is continuous. It is something that has to be kept up on and will evolve constantly. Second, it is important to ensure that the job crafting aligns with the goals and ideals of both the employee and the organization. Job crafting that does not directly align with the ideals and help work towards the goals of an organization is counterproductive. Job crafting is a powerful tool when used correctly. It is important for employers to be intentional as they go about enabling it in the workplace.

Conclusion
There is a variety of useful research that has been done on what job crafting is and how it can benefit employees and their organizations. At a time when employee engagement is on the decline, job crafting could be very beneficial to employees who don’t feel a strong fit with their role and/or organization but aren’t in a position to leave. Job crafting is something that leaders should encourage when possible, due to the benefits to the organization, including increased employee-organization loyalty and improved collaboration between employees.

title: The Future of Leadership/Job Crafting


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/South Korea

South Korea is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/North Korea

North Korea is a country in Asia. It borders China, South Korea, and Russia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Great Britian

Great Britian is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Jordan

Jordan is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Syria

Syria is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Lebanon

Lebanon is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Iran

Iran is a country in Asia.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Turkey

Turkey is a country in both Asia and Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Spain

Spain is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Portugal

Portugal is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Vatican City

Vatican City is a small city within the larger city of Rome. It holds a special place withing Catholic christianity, and is where the Pope resides. Despite it's small size, both in terms of space, and hosting a population of under 1,000 people, it is considered its own country. Many tourists visit Vatican City.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Monaco

Monaco is a small city state. It is famed for its senic buildings along the coast, as well as for the Monaco Grand Prix race.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Finland

Finland is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Sweden

Sweden is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Norway

Norway is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Denmark

Denmark is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Iceland

Iceland is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Switzerland

Switzerland is a country in Europe.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Poland

Poland is a country in Europe.


text: Category:Book:The Future of Leadership

title: Category:Book:The Future of Leadership


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Japan/Kyoto

Kyoto is a major city in Japan. The city has a rich history having once served as the national capitol, before it was moved to Tokyo.

Kyoto is also cutting edge, hoting technology and entertainment companies such as Nintendo, Kyocera, Rohm, and more.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Philadelphia

Philadelphia is one of the most historically important cities of the United States of America. Playing a critical role in the American Revolution, the city once even served as the national capital. As of 2023 it is one of the largest cities in the Northeastern United States.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/San Fransisco

San Fransisco is one of the most prominent cities on the west coast of the United States of America. While not as big as Los Angeles, this bayside city features a rich history and vibrant culture.

Silicon Valley: Just to the south of San Fransisco lies Silicon Valley, where major tech giants often station their headquarters.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City is the most prominent city in the state of Utah, and is also its capital. It is of special signficance to members of the Mormon faith. Surrounded by senic mountains and dotted with histoic architecture, Salt Lake City is a popular tourist spot.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Los Angeles

One of the largest cities in the United States, Los Angeles is at once an important port, cultural hub, and economic powerhouse of southern California.

Hollywood: Famed for it's media industry, Los Angeles is a global nexus for film talent

Drilling for Oil: Sitting on major oil depositis, Los Angeles is one of the few major cities of its size where oil drilling is frequently conducted within city limits.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Chicago

Chicago is among the most prominent and historic cities of the midwest United States. Boasting a rich history and unique culture, Chicago is an important city on the banks of the Great Lakes.


text:
User talk:Aloysius57

Please stop adding links to commercial shopping sites.--Xania   talk 00:51, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aloysius57


text: Category:Chai recipes

title: Category:Chai recipes


text:
User:Vinzasatria

Peserta Proyek Yuwana

title: User:Vinzasatria


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2023/January

Books that break on new visual style
Should anything be done for pages that break on the new visual style such as Pinyin? Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 17:24, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I forgot to mention, but the page is initially fine until you scroll down, at which point title text is clipped off. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 17:26, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * This also occurs with the title of The Computer Revolution (Right hand side clips) Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 20:54, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

Background color of text and height of rows in a table.
Hi, This morning added a page named FTP.Tool and have difficulty adjusting two details.

(1) At the top and bottom of the page is a pale grey background. How can that be made white to match the rest of the page?

(2) Most of the content is formatted as a table and I want to reduce the height of all rows. According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table#Width,_height the height of a row is adjusted by replacing "|-" with "|- style=height:0.8em". Also I imagined "|- style=height:0.8rem" might allow proportionality to text height. Tried both with no effect. Ideas?

Thanks, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 20:23, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

 * @PeterEasthope Is it possible to use a decimal value when specifying with "em"?. I fiddled around, and it seemed like only integer values worked. Also, is there a reason you're not using wiki markup to italicize things on that page? Cheers! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 23:41, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Decimal rem works. Decimal em should also. Eg. Oberon/ETH Oberon/2.3.7/Tutorials.Tool. In fact I should format FTP.Tool similar to Tutorials.Tool, including Wikimedia markup for italics.

 * The markup in question is created automatically by MediaWiki.Markup. Revising to italicize with apostrophes rather than the style attribute should be possible. Not sure the result will be simpler. The style attribute can include color, emboldening, size and vertical offset. Apostrophes won't fit that pattern.  I'll revise manually analogous to Tutorials.Tool.

 * Thx,                 ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 05:40, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Formatting is revised. Closer to MediaWiki markup and rendering closer to original Oberon document. FTP.Tool

Thanks for the help, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 17:03, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1 •

Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows the March 2022 vote, which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s Community Affairs Committee requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led Revisions Committee worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed here, and a comparison of changes can be found here.

How to vote?

Beginning January 17, 2023, voting will be open. This page on Meta-wiki outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

Who can vote?

The eligibility requirements for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

What happens after the vote?

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, ~ Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 13:13, 10 January 2023 (UTC)

Modifying a template
Hello! Many recipes in the cookbook include the templates Nutrition Summary and Nutritionsummary. I imagine they are helpful to some people, but I am a little concerned that having them automatically fully displayed could be detrimental/discouraging to those with eating disorders (the goal of a cookbook is to get people to cook!)—is there a way these templates could be modified so they exist as a dropdown that is automatically hidden but that can be expanded for anyone who wants to see the information? Thanks! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 18:35, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

 * It shouldn't be too hard to make them collapsed, but I'm disinclined to hide information, especially for someone who may have motor difficulties trying to click on it to expand. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 18:58, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Koavf That's a fair point! I'm not quite sure how to resolve this technical conflict, though, since having it open could negatively impact one disabled population while having it collapsed could impact a second disabled population with conflicting needs. I wonder if any more experienced users than myself have any thoughts or know of any technical way to address this (@JackPotte @MarcGarver @Xania @Atcovi @Leaderboard @SHB2000). Thanks! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 19:41, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I do not have a specific opinion either way; I am unfamiliar with how the presence of nutrition summaries impact those with eating disorders. I agree with Koavf in that should it be needed to collapse by default, this should not be difficult.
 * That being said, I think the summaries won't be easy to understand without a reference point (like is 10 g of sodium good or bad?). Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 19:48, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I think I'd prefer this collapsed by default, but I'm not married to this. SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 22:18, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

Resigning
All, since renaming became centralised, the requirements for a local bureaucrat have rapidly declined and average one or two actions a year. I think it is inappropriate to have only one local bureaucrat so I am resigning from the role. I also feel increasingly detached from the community here and am, to be honest, fed up with everything being questioned. The latter is a critical issue - the point of crats is to represent the view of the community. If I don't feel fully connected to the community then I can't represent you. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 17:44, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

 * @MarcGarver I'm sorry to hear that you've had such negative experiences, but I understand your perspective! Does this mean that going forward we should direct any issues that require a bureaucrat to Steward requests since we will have no bureaucrats on Wikibooks? Thank you, and I hope you have a better time in the new year! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 22:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry to hear all your negative experiences, but thank you for your service as a bureaucrat on this wiki. I wish you all the best for your future.
 * Yes, that now means all issues that require a bureaucrat will need to be requested at either Steward requests (specifically SRP). That is, unless, we get a new bureaucrat after MarcGarver resigns. --SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 22:32, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Very few projects of this size have Bureaucrats now. They really don't have a job - promote one admin a year, and flag the occasional bot. I would leave it to the Stewards to do the work if I were you. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 08:41, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @MarcGarver To check: will you be updating Administrators to reflect your resignation? Cheers! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 03:25, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Wow, how did I miss this? I hope you at least stay for a bit. If you do feel like staying, at least become an admin. I've seen you in RC quite a bit doing admin tasks, so you should at least get/keep that.  09:59, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh wait, you're a steward. 10:03, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I have admin rights here, they are separate from the 'crat rights. I have only resigned as a 'crat. I can't use my Steward rights on this project - that's part of the Steward policy. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 10:30, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

Autoconfirmed requirements
Hello Wikibookians, I am a bit concerned about the modest autoconfirmed requirements. Even passing 4 days with no edits can become autoconfirmed, which allows LTAs to wait 4 days after account creation and vandalise semi-protected pages. Can we consider changing requirements for autoconfirmed to 4 days and 10 edits? Xeverything11 (discuss • contribs) 09:04, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

Support

 * I think that would be fair and might give the LTAs a need to contribute constructively for a bit before they are able to vandalize. What about also including that the user must also make at least 3 edits every day, for 3 days, with the allowance of a single day to make fewer? Or is that to harsh? It would at least make users need to be more active, not just make ten edits on day one and wait a few days. 11:13, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
 * So for e.g: day 1: 4 edits, day 2: 2 edits, day 3: 3 edits, day 4, 3 (or more) edits. Day 5: autoconfirmed. That is what I picture. 11:16, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
 * It does seem like autoconfirmation might benefit from having a very small edit requirement, such as 10 edits. I do know that reviewing is the main tool wikibooks uses to combat vandalism—maybe an admin can speak to why there is no current editing requirement for autoconfirmation? —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 23:58, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
 * +1 to LionMaster suggestion but I would prefer longer active trial period (10 days of edit - with 3 days of continuous edit)? MrAlanKoh (discuss • contribs) 14:45, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * So within 10 days, three days in a row the user edits? Did I get that right? How many edits would you agree on? And what would we do about users who prefer fewer but larger edits? 22:01, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Woop, I did not write the above comment correctly xD. does this sound good to you: 10 days of continuous editing, maybe 3 edits every day? And 2 - 3 days max of "margin for error" and making fewer edits? Theres always the confirmed right if an avid user has unusual editing patterns and fails the autopromotion.  12:23, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Oppose

 * My personal book writing habit: very few and thus very huge edits. I believe setting a minimum edit requirement will unnecessarily impede (new) book contributions. As mentioned by, reviewing is de facto the main tool to fight vandalism. ‑‑ Kai Burghardt (discuss • contribs) 23:27, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you still make about 3 edits a day or more? If so, my suggestion (above) sould work for you and others with the same "habit" (quite a good one, unless your browser likes crashing) 21:57, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

Comments
See this link, where the autoconfirmed LTA named Autoconfirmedtoo undid the revertion on semi-protected page Saylor.org's Comparative Politics/African Case Studies. Before the LTA became autoconfirmed, the LTA made no edits. Xeverything11 (discuss • contribs) 15:03, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

The autoconfirm configuration (like everything else) can be viewed in the NOC. The default for all wikis is 4 days, zero edits 'wgAutoConfirmAge' => 'default' => 4 * 3600 * 24, // 4 days to pass isNewbie

The default for edits is 0

'wgAutoConfirmCount' => 'default' => 0

If you want something different, then a phabricator ticket is required pointing to an agreement here to make the change. So, to answer the question above, it is zero today because that is the default, not because it was ever requested to be zero. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 12:28, 11 January 2023 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Yemenite Charoset I

Ingredients

 * 450 g date spread
 * 150 g walnuts
 * 1 pomegranate
 * 25 g cinnamon
 * 5g black pepper
 * ½ cup wine vinegar
 * 20 g dried marjoram or oregano, partially crushed

Procedure

 * 1) Place date spread in bowl and add crushed walnuts.
 * 2) Peel the pomegranate and pound its kernels in mortar and pestle. Add to date spread.
 * 3) Mix the ground cinnamon and the ground black pepper into date spread.
 * 4) Add wine vinegar and dried herbs.

title: Cookbook:Yemenite Charoset I


text:
Cookbook:Charoset (Ashkenazi)

Ashkenazi charoset is a variety of charoset that uses apples and walnuts as the base, with honey for sweetness.

Ingredients

 * 1½ cups (360 g) peeled, cored, and chopped apples (e.g. MacIntosh)
 * ¾ cup (180 g) finely-chopped walnuts
 * 2 tbsp sweet red wine
 * 1 tsp cinnamon
 * 2 tbsp honey

Procedure

 * 1) Mix all ingredients together, and refrigerate overnight for best flavor.
 * 2) Adjust seasoning, if necessary, after it's chilled.
 * 3) Serve with matzoh, or just eat with a spoon.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For a family seder, triple this recipe.

title: Cookbook:Charoset (Ashkenazi)


text: Category:Charoset recipes

title: Category:Charoset recipes


text:
Talk:UK Database Law

Splitting into subpages
I object to splitting the material to subpages, given it has mere 14,489 bytes. Even 200,000 bytes would still be okay for a single page, although that would be more debatable. Faux improvement by spilling styling sirup over pages is not the preferable way to improve Wikibooks. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 20:51, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
 * That is a matter of opinion of course. As a reader, a 200K page is almost certainly inaccessible. If I choose not to read it in a single sitting, next time I open the page I may have to page down 50 - 100 times on my phone to pick up where I finished last time. It is, after all, the reader experience that matters most. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 09:56, 28 February 2023 (UTC)
 * How is 200 KB page inaccessible, that is, what does it have to do with accessibility? I don't understand. More importantly, the page has under 15 KB. It is in any case usual for Wikipedia articles to have 100 KB, and if there was a genuine problem with that, Wikipedia would change this practice. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 12:41, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:UK Database Law


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls is a city in the state of New York in the United States. What's unique about Niagara Falls is the huge waterfall it's named after. Niagara Falls is right on the border of Canada, where another city called Niagara Falls is.

While it's not a big city, many tourists visit Niagara Falls every year on both sides of the border.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/San Diego

San Diego is a town in southern California.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Albany

Albany is the capital of New York state.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/United States of America/Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is an industrius city in western Pennsylvania.


text:
User:Miaidewi

Hai! Nama saya Mia Islamidewi, nama depan saya adalah nama panggilan saya juga. Saat ini saya tinggal di Kota Khatulistiwa, Kota Pontianak.

title: User:Miaidewi


text:
Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/Understanding the Governor

The Governor
The Governor is a means by which players can automate or partially automate the operation of their cities. The alternative is to manually control every aspect of it.

Default Setting
By default all the options are enabled but the governor is not active. Clicking on any of the Build, Conquer, Discover or Explore options in the city control screen will activate the Governor. When the governor is activated in this manner the game engine is in complete control of the city and it will follow the priorities set by the Build, Conquer, Discover or Explore options.

Running with Minimal Options
More advanced players may wish to run with a more minimal set of options. For example, running with just the "Governor is active" and "Governor manages citizens and specialists (including Drone Riots)" will leave the governor managing the citizens - including assigning workers to tiles and dealing with drone riots - while leaving the human player in control of the build queue. Running with these settings also exerts some control over which tiles are assigned to; for example selecting Explore or Discover will result in workers primarily being assigned to tiles producing food; selecting Build will result in more forest squares (with their additional minerals) being included.

Running without the Governor
At higher levels the game engine has a big advantage over human players. To some extent this can be partially negated by micro-managing cities in their early stages. For example, by manually assigning workers it is possible to ensure that the city builds a Recreation commons just as it increases from size 2 to size 3. The Recreation Commons are neither built early (which wastes energy) not late (which can result in drone riots). However, micro-managing the first cities is labour intensive and may detract from enjoyment of the game.


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Main page

Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats is a free content online book published on English Wikibooks.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. d4

=Villemson Gambit=

3. d4
Just like the Queen’s gambit, this move reveals an attack on the f4 pawn. However, the Villemson Gambit can cause black to wreck havoc with Qh4+. White is forced to play Ke2 because if white plays g3?? black can respond fxg3 and the h2 pawn is pinned.

Theory table
.

'''1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3. d4'''


text:
Popular Music/Style and content guide

Welcome to the contribution guide for Popular Music! This page will provide guidelines for all contributors when adding to this book. Please submit any feedback on the talk page.

Content Guide

 * Content should follow all standard Wikibooks inclusion criteria.
 * Content should include appropriate citations as is relevant. Each chapter/page should include in-line citations and footnotes as necessary, with a list at the end.
 * Base content on reputable sources.

Style Guide

 * Chapter titles and level 2 headings should follow Title Case.

title: Popular Music/Style and content guide


text:
Talk:Bicycles/Introduction

Tone
This talk page was created to discuss the tone of the introduction. Vitalen1 (discuss • contribs) 21:20, 28 February 2023 (UTC)

 * The tone of this book, particularly the introduction, is North American centric. Because bicycling is a world-wide means of transportation, this should be edited to remove any bias. Vitalen1 (discuss • contribs) 21:24, 28 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm all for removing bias - What specifically ought to change in order to encompas a more worldwide viewpoint? Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 04:19, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Hey there, I wanted to reach back out to apologize. As a new editor on this site, I should have provided more detail here. Upon further reading, I am unable to locate the specific piece. Have read through a few times and cannot find the section that sparked this talk page. Sorry for the inconvenience and thanks for your time. Vitalen1 (discuss • contribs) 13:29, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bicycles/Introduction


text:
Catalan/L001

NOTES

1: ets means you are when speaking informally to peers, family, and children. It is from the verb ser or ésser, to be. 2: sóc means I am and is also from ser or ésser. The word jo, I is usually omitted except for contrast or emphasis. 3: anglès, English (nationality) is the masculine form. Notice stress falls on the last syllable an glès . When the speaker is female, she will say sóc anglesa. Be sure to pronounce è as the sound in the English word p e t, the so-called "open e".

Translation Exercise

 * 1) Hola! Ets anglès?
 * 2) Ets de Barcelona?
 * 3) Jo sóc anglesa, i tu?
 * 4) D'on sóc? Sóc de Londres.
 * 5) D'on ets tu?

 * 1) Hi! Are you English?
 * 2) Are you from Barcelona?
 * 3) I am English, and you?
 * 4) Where am I from? I'm from London.
 * 5) Where are you from?

title: Catalan/L001


text:
Minecraft resource gathering/Using Silk Touch

Silk Touch is an enchantment for tools that makes blocks drop themselves when broken, even when they usually drop nothing (e.g. Glass) or another item (e.g. coal ore). This page is a guide to using Silk Touch.

Use
Let's say you need coal ore for a build. When mining a block of coal ore, you would normally get coal. If you use Silk Touch, you would get the coal ore block you wanted. While nearly all blocks can be collected using Silk Touch, some blocks (listed below) can never drop themselves and have to be obtained through other means.

Obtaining
You can enchant a tool with Silk Touch in two ways:
 * Using an Enchanting Table
 * Using a Silk Touch Enchanted Book at an anvil


text:
Catalan/L002

NOTES

1: et dius means you call yourself. This is called a reflexive verb. It's from the verb dir-se, to call oneself. For now, just remember that et dius needs to stay as one whole unit. 2: em dic means I call myself. This is another form of dir-se but when speaking in the first person. 3: Notice the male speaker says el Harry literally, the Harry. Female speakers will use la, as in sóc la Silva, I am (the) Silva. 4: The letter 'o' in parlo and Joan is pronounced as 'u' when it is not in the stressed syllable.

Translation Exercise

 * 1) Hola! Sóc la Silva. Qui ets?
 * 2) Em dic Harry.
 * 3) Sóc el Joan. Parlo català.
 * 4) Com et dius? Ets de Barcelona?
 * 5) No sóc de Barcelona i no parlo bé català.

 * 1) Hi! I'm Silva. Who are you?
 * 2) My name is Harry.
 * 3) I'm Joan. I speak Catalan.
 * 4) What's your name? Are you from Barcelona?
 * 5) I'm not from Barcelona and I don't speak Catalan well.

title: Catalan/L002


text:
User talk:2001:FB1:179:1EE7:7969:8AB2:2F44:CB49

--Xania   talk 04:41, 1 March 2023 (UTC)


text:
A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/AS2023

 AQA computer science Assembler Simulator

This is for the AQA AS Computer Science Specification.

This is where suggestions can be made about what some of the questions might be and how we can solve them.

Please be respectful and do not vandalise or tamper with the page, as this would affect pupils' preparation for their exams.

Section A Predictions
The 2023 paper 1 section A will contain 5 questions worth 25 marks. (Q1 - 6 marks, Q2 - 5 marks, Q3 - 2 marks, Q4 - 2 marks, Q5 - 10 marks). Note that Q5 contains 2 parts meaning that it is likely to be a question asking you to write a program in your selected programming language from pseudo code given, also asking you to insert a screenshot for the 2nd part.

What is an algorithm? 2 marks

Finite state machines

Mr Cross (Isle of Wight Ferry System question)

Trace tables

Section B Predictions
The 2023 paper 1 section B will contain 6 questions worth 20 marks. (Q6 - 4 marks, Q7 - 2 marks, Q8 - 1 mark, Q9 - 5 marks, Q10 - 2 marks, Q11 - 6 marks.)

- state the identifier of a user-defined subroutine in the program that returns a singe value that is an integer

- state the identifier of a user-defined subroutine in the program that returns a single value that is a single character

1. State the name of an identifier for: a variable that is used to store a single character. a user -defined subroutine that has one parameter. a user-defined subroutine that returns an integer a user-defined procedure

2. A constant is used to hold the maximum memory. State one advantage of using named constants for constant values.

3. Explain what is meant by exception handling and how exception handling could be used in the EditSourceCode subroutine.

4. A structured programming approach has been used in the production of the Skeleton Program. Explain what is meant by a structured programming approach.

5. There is a variable called NumberOfLines in the subroutine Assemble. There is also a different variable called NumberOfLines in the subroutine DisplayCode. Explain why these two different variables can have the same identifier.

6. Several subroutines use a variable NumberOfLines. It could have been declared as a global variable instead of locally in each subroutine. Why is it good practice to use local variables?

7. State the name of an identifier for: An array. A dictionary a local variable used to store a string value.

8. Explain how data is shared between the separate subroutines.

9. Explain what will happen if the number of lines supplied in the data file is greater than the number of index positions in SourceCode array.

10. SourceCode is an array but a list could have been used. Describe two differences between arrays and lists and give an advantage of using an Array over a List?

11. This question refers to the subroutine UpdateSymbolTablel. Give an example of why error code 3 would be displayed and explain how the code will detect the error caused by the text file.

12. State the identifier for a:       user-defined subroutine that uses nested indefinite iteration. data structure that stores values of more than one data type. data structure that stores values of only one data type.

13. What is the purpose of a hierarchy chart?

14. What does each box in a hierarchy chart represent?

15. State the most appropriate data type to use for whole numbers

16. The Skeleton Program uses the data structure SourceCode. State what the first element of this data structure, SourceCode[0], is used for.

17. Explain what is meant by decomposition.

18. Explain the differences between definite and indefinite iteration.

19. State the identifier of a subroutine in the Skeleton Program that contains definite iteration.

20. State the identifier of a subroutine in the Skeleton Program that contains indefinite iteration.

21. What is a subroutine?

22. The use of subroutines promotes code re-use. Describe, with references to subroutine(s) in the Skeleton Program, an example of how a subroutine has been re-used.

23. Describe an advantage of re-using subroutines.

24. Why is a for loop used with the sourcecode index 0 and not a while loop?

25. BinaryString is stored as a string but only contains integers, why is this?

26. Explaining the 11 error codes.

27. A stack has been used, explain how a stack differs from a queue.

28. The class AssemblerInstruction has three attributes which are all public, how can you tell this? What does this mean?

29. What does the term instantiation mean?

30. When would the operandstring and operandvalue be the same thing within an object.

31. What does the operandvalue store for each object.

32. When will it start as Jump1

33. Currently a number in the ACC which is a negative overflow does not produce a runtime error, why not?

Section C Predictions
Programming Questions on Skeleton Program

The 2023 paper 1 section C contains 4 questions worth 30 marks. (Q12 - 5 marks, Q13 - 6 marks, Q14 - 5 marks, Q15 - 14 marks. These marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.)

1. Add Validation to the EditSourceCode subroutine. This could be to make sure the line number is in range To make sure the line is of minimum length To format the label, opcode, operand and comment.

2.Add new opcodes BNE                            SHR BGT                            SHL BLT                            LSR AND                            LSL OR                             EOR NOT 3. Being able to save an edited text file into a new one. Prog2 has gaps between lines 6 and 9. They could ask you to add some assembly code then save the file. Saving the file could be to overwrite or into a new file which the user provides the name for.

4. Edit line, double check the entry is an integer and also exists within the amount of lines in that program.

5. Add Insert and Delete options in the subroutine EditSourceCode


text:
Catalan/L003

NOTES

1: estic means I am but referring to a temporary state. It is from the verb estar to be (temporarily). Also notice that that 't' in molt very is silent. 2: la teva dona (the) your wife. Catalan requires the article la the before the possessive teva your. The masculine form would be el teu marit (the) your husband. 3: malalta refers to la teva dona and is in the feminine form. The masculine form is malalt, with a silent 't'. This pattern of a silent letter becoming sounded in the feminine form will show up many times. 4: és means he/she/it is and is from ser. Notice that when an 's' is between two vowels, as is the case in és a and casa, the 's' turns into a 'z' sound.

Translation Exercise

 * 1) Sóc a casa. Estic malalt.
 * 2) Com està el teu marit?
 * 3) És de Londres?
 * 4) La teva dona és anglesa.
 * 5) Com estàs? Estic molt bé.

 * 1) I'm at home. I'm sick.
 * 2) How is your husband?
 * 3) Is he from London?
 * 4) Your wife is English.
 * 5) How are you? I'm very well.

title: Catalan/L003


text:
Catalan/L004

NOTES

1: al, at the, to the is obligatory contraction of a + el. el cafè can mean the café or the coffee. 2: l'Anna, (the) Anna. la obligatorily contracts to l' before a, e, o sounds. More on this later. 3: parla, he/she/it speaks from the verb parlar, to speak. We have seen parlo, I speak. Also in this lesson: parles, you speak, used when addressing friends, peers, or children. 4: The double 'r' as in arriba should be a trilled r sound. 5: una, a,an is used before feminine nouns. un is the masculine form, as in un cafè, a coffee. 6: Catalan, like Spanish, does not distinguish 'b' and 'v'. The sound is closer to 'b'. 7: Notice there is no word like "do" here to ask a question. It's just the statement with a different intonation.

Translation Exercise

 * 1) El Joan parla anglès? Sí, una mica.
 * 2) El Joan parla català al cafè.
 * 3) Vols un cafè? Sí, gràcies.
 * 4) Com està el cafè?
 * 5) On és el cafè?

 * 1) Does Joan speak English? Yes, a bit.
 * 2) Joan speaks Catalan at the café.
 * 3) Do you want a coffee? Yes, thanks.
 * 4) How is the coffee?
 * 5) Where is the café?

title: Catalan/L004


text:
Talk:Scouting/BSA/Personal Fitness Merit Badge

Life orientation
Components of physical fitness. Nthabiie (discuss • contribs) 20:43, 1 March 2023 (UTC)


text:
User talk:MathXplore/Editnotice

Welcome to my user talk page.

 * Please sign with ~
 * Please add a : for each reply

title: User talk:MathXplore/Editnotice


text: Category:Brown rice recipes

title: Category:Brown rice recipes


text:
Cookbook:Brown Rice Breakfast Bowl

| Cookbook:Cuisine

Ingredients

 * ½ cup oat milk
 * 1 ½ cups cooked brown rice
 * 4 dates, chopped
 * 2 pinches of cinnamon
 * ¼ cup unsalted pumpkin seeds

Procedure

 * 1) Combine all ingredients, and serve.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Instant brown rice will work fine.

title: Cookbook:Brown Rice Breakfast Bowl


text:
User:Turkonoyan

User:Turkonoyan

title: User:Turkonoyan


text:
Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/Working with Cities

Basics
Each citizen requires two units of food to sustain them. Any surplus is accumulated. When sufficient surplus has been accumulated the city will grow. Citizens are of three basic types: Drones begin to appear when a city reaches a certain size, or a specific number of cities have been founded. The exact point where drones start to appear depends on the difficulty level and the faction being played. When the number of drones exceeds the number of talents, a drone riot will occur - during this time the city continues to produce food, but does not generate energy or build anything if the minerals are available. As such, cities are not productive when they undergo drone riots and controlling them is an essential part of game strategy.
 * Drones - discontented citizens
 * Workers - who bring in resources from squares being worked by the city.
 * Talents - who do not work squares, but can boost the city's psyche rating, research, economy and so on.

Controlling Drones and Drone Riots
There are a number of ways of controlling the numbers of drones - and hence the number of drone riots.

Building Base Facilities
Certain base facilities directly reduce the number of drones. Examples are:
 * Recreation Commons - these reduces the number of drones in a city by two
 * Hologram Theatre - these reduce the number of drones by 2 in a city and increase the psyche rating of the bases by 50%
 * Research Hospital - these reduce the number of drones by one in a city, increase psyche by 25% and labs by 50%
 * Punishment Sphere - the ultimate way of controlling riots. Once built, the base has neither drones or talents, but lab output is cut by half.

Certain base facilities indirectly reduce drones.
 * Tree farms increase psyche by 50%, economy by 50% and boost forest squares from one nutrient to two. They also eliminate half the environmental damage from terraforming
 * Hybrid forests (cumulative with tree farms) increase psyche by a further 50%, economy by a further 50%, boost food to three from two and boost energy from forest squares from one unit to two. They also eliminate half the environmental damage from terraforming. Tree Farms and Hybrid Forests are essential to a builder strategy

Increasing Psyche
The energy devotes to psyche will reduce the number of drones. This is done on the Social Engineering controls, where the amount of energy being generated can be split between the economy (accumulating energy credits), psyche (making citizens content) and labs (research). The optimum mix varies by faction and the strategy being followed. Every two units of energy being devoted to psyche either turn a drone into a worker or a worker into a talent. The effect of energy being devoted to psyche is also boosted by certain based facilities such as Hologram Theatres or Tree Farms.

In the vary early game building Recreation Commons and increasing the Psysche Rating to 20% is generally sufficient to keep the drones under control for most factions.

Special Abilities
The 'Non-Lethal Methods: x2 police Powers" special ability (available after Intellectual Integrity[E3]) allows one military unit to suppress two drones, rather than one.

Social Engineering
Social engineering allows players to suppress drones in two ways; one direct, one indirect. Typically, if you go for a higher police rating, the efficiency/economy suffers, and if you increase efficiency/the economy via your social engineering choices, you are likely to upset the more militaristic factions.
 * The direct way is to increase a society's POLICE rating. This can vary from -5 (two extra drones for every military unit outside of your boundaries) to +3 (three military units suppress 6 drones). Society models that boost police ratings are Police State (+2) and Thought Control (+2). Other society models can drastically reduce it - such as Free Market (-5).
 * The indirect way to reduce the number of drones is to increase the efficiency or energy output of your society. This means less energy is lost to inefficiency, and hence more of the energy allocated to Psyche goes to keeping citizens happy. Society models that increase efficiency/energy production are Democratic (+2 Efficiency), Free Market (+2 Economy), Green (+2 Efficiency), Knowledge (+1 Efficiency), Wealth (+1 Economy), Cybernetic (+2 Efficiency), and Eudiamonic (+2 Economy).

Special Projects
Some special projects decrease the number of drones. These include
 * Ascetic Virtues (Planetary Economics [B6]) +1 police
 * Clinical Immortality (Matter Editation][B12] One extra talent per base
 * Human Genome Project (Biogenics [D1]) One extra talent per base
 * Longevity Vaccine (Bio Engineering [B5]) One or two drones less per base depending on society model in use
 * Telepathic Martrix (Eudaimonia [E12]) Drones never riot.

Summary
The optimum way you control your drones will depend on your strategic approach to the game - momentum, builder or hybrid. The more militaristic factions will crank up their police rating, avoid building many drone suppressing facilities and try and over-run any nearby builder factions before they've got their infrastructure and research up and running. Builder factions will be going for big cities and research and will fight defensively until that's been achieved.

Golden Ages
If the citizens in a city are contented - no drones and the number of talents equals or exceeds the number of workers - the city will enter a Golden Age. This boosts the 'Economy' setting by +1. At a minimum this can lead to +1 unit of energy per base; with society models such as Free Market or Wealth, it can lead to bigger economic benefits. A Golden Age thus results in more cash and faster research. A Golden Age also boosts 'Growth' by +2. At a minimum this will add 20% to you growth rate, and if allied with the Planned and Democratic society models, could result in a Population Boom.

To create a Golden Age build base facilities that eliminate drones (such as Recreation Commons and Hologram Theaters), and then increase the amount of energy devoted to Psyche until the number of talents is the same as (or more than) the number of workers. A Golden Age will not confer the same benefits as a Population Boom (which it can play a role in creating), but it will still help your faction out-compete others

Growing your Population by Boosting your Growth Rating
Your Growth rating (which can vary from -3 to +6 dictates how fast your cities grow. The higher the growth rating, the faster the growth and the stronger your faction.

Facilities Affecting Growth
A Children's Creche gives cities that have it a +2 boost to the growth rate.

Society Models that Boost Growth
Planned (an Economics society model) and Democratic (a Political Society model) both give a +2 boost to your faction's growth rating. The Future Society Eudaimonic society model also gives a +2 boost to growth, but this only occurs late in the game.

Golden Age and Growth
A Golden Age occurs when a base has no drones and the number of talents equals or exceeds the number of workers. This condition can be achieved by building base facilities that remove drones (such as Recreation Commons and Hologram Theaters), and then increasing the amount of energy devoted to Psyche until the number of talents is the same as (or more than) the number of workers. Once a Golden Age starts in a city, it will receive a +2 boost to its growth rate, plus a boost to its economy.

Speeding up the Growth Rate
Assuming there is enough food available for a city to grow, you can boost the growth rate to faster than the default rate by:

 * Building a Children's Creche (+2)
 * Running Democratic (+2)
 * Running Planned (+2)
 * Engineering a Golden Age (+2)

Each of these individually will boost your cities' growth rate; two in combination will boost it faster. For example, if you have a growth rating of +4, your cities will grow 40% faster than the default rate.

Population Booms
The ideal is to engineer a population boom. This happens when you have a +6 growth rate. Then, providing you have the requisite food available, each pertinent city will grown by one size per turn. Population Booming is essential to making your faction one of the leading ones.

 * The easiest way of engineering a population boom is to build a Children's Creche in the majority of your cities then run both Democratic and Planned.
 * if you faction cannot run either Democratic or Planned, build Children's Creches, select the society model that you can run and engineer a Golden Age.

The downside to running the Planned or Democratic society models is that other factions may take exception to those. If you are using a Builder strategy and you don't want to precipitate a war with an adjoining faction that dislikes those choices, run a Population Boom for a few turns, then switch out of those society choices for a number of turns before switching back fr a few further turns.


text:
Angry Birds/How to Play

In Angry Birds, the player controls a flock of multi-colored birds that are attempting to save their eggs from green-colored pigs. In each stage of the gameplay, the pigs are sheltered by structures made of various materials such as wood, glass, and stone resembling children's toy building blocks. The objective of the game is to eliminate all the pigs on the level. Using a slingshot, players launch a limited set of birds with the goal of either striking the enemy pigs directly or damaging their surrounding structures, causing the blocks to collapse and pop the pigs. The player must set the angle and force of the bird's travel by pulling back on the slingshot (using intuitive touch-controls in the mobile versions). The launch process is quick and casual, with no visible trajectory data, and a player simply selects a point in the X-Y field behind the launch post from which the virtual slingshot will be released. In various stages of the game, additional objects such as TNT crates and rocks are incorporated into the structures, and power-ups may be used to enhance the birds to attack hard-to-reach pigs. Also hidden in the levels, players can unlock bonus levels by collecting golden eggs.

There are several different types of birds used in the game, distinguished by their color and shape. In the earliest levels only the basic red cardinal whose name is Red is available. As the player advances through the game additional types of birds become available. Some birds are effective against particular materials, and some have special abilities that may be activated by the player while the bird is airborne. For example, Chuck, a canary speeds up; Bomb, a loon explodes, hence the name; a bluebird named Jay fragments from his siblings, Jake and Jim; a Leghorn hen called Matilda can drop an explosive egg-shaped projectile; a galah named Stella can trap objects in bubbles; Hal, an emerald toucanet boomerangs back; a giant cardinal named Terence, appears and functions similarly to Red, but deals more damage than his smaller counterpart; and a Jamaican oriole named Bubbles expands and inflates. The pigs also vary, with hardiness relative to their size. Small pigs are weaker and are easily vanquished by direct hits or by debris from the damaged structures, while larger pigs are able to withstand more damage before succumbing to defeat. In addition, some pigs wear hats or armor, making them even more resistant to damage.

Each level starts with the quantity, types, and firing order of birds predetermined. If all of the pigs are eliminated after the last bird is launched, the level is cleared and the next level is unlocked. If all of the birds run out and the pigs are not defeated, the level is failed and must be repeated. Points are scored for each pig defeated as well as for damage to, or destruction of, structures, and hefty bonus points are awarded for any unused birds. Upon completing each level, players can receive up to three stars depending on the score received. Players are encouraged to repeat any previously beaten levels in which the full three stars weren't awarded in order to fully master them and earn the full three star rating.

title: Angry Birds/How to Play


text:
The Future of Leadership/Great Resignation

Introduction
With the rise of the global COVID-19 pandemic, along came the Great Resignation, or so we thought. This is a term that was created by Anthony Klotz. The Great Resignation is something that has been starting since 2009. Workforces were trying to focus on their employees’ mental health during the pandemic, but still, employees were complaining about burnout. Companies are struggling with retaining employees. Employees know how they are valued in this market and they often can use that to their advantage. This chapter will look more into the Great Resignation and give advice to leaders in the field right now struggling with what has happened.

What is the Great Resignation and What Caused It
According to an article by Joseph Fuller and William Kerr in the Harvard Business Review, “The Great Resignation” did not start with the pandemic but instead has gradually been gaining momentum since 2009. However, this trend was not brought to light until Anthony Klotz coined the phrase “The Great Resignation”. Klotz stated, “I noticed four trends unique to the pandemic that I believed would each independently contribute to higher than normal levels of resignations in the United States, and that would lead to a massive wave of resignations when combined." Lo and behold he was right; after the initial COVID-19 scare started to pass and stimulus checks started being delivered, people started leaving their jobs in masses. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, “over 4 million people were leaving their jobs each month from December 2021 - December 2022."

“There are a number of reasons people are leaving their jobs in such mass quantities, including a reevaluation of priorities, a lack of remote work options, the inability to obtain child care, mistreatment by employers, low pay, and lack of advancement opportunities." The quote by Robert Reich, former Secretary of Labor, summed it up: “Instead of: no one wants to work anymore. Try: no one wants to be exploited anymore." In fact, according to a survey by Monster.com, “26% of workers would rather get a root canal than work in the office five days a week." All of this just speaks to the fact that employees across the nation feel as though they are not being treated fairly at work in one way or another, and they are finally standing up for themselves and doing something about it.

Amongst these reasons is the issue that many of us have faced at one time or another, burnout. “Between December 2020 and July 2021, employees reported a 21% increase in burnout and 17% increase in physical symptoms of stress like muscle tension and fatigue, as well as added work-life balance challenges and overall job stress, according to a survey by the digital wellness company meQuilibrium." There are two definitions of burnout in the Merriam Webster Dictionary “exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration” and “to cause to fail, wear out, or become exhausted, especially from overwork or overuse." Both of these definitions describe much of what a large portion of the workforce is feeling due to high-stress environments and long hours at work. In the article, Burnout Prevention and Treatment, the authors state that “Whether you recognize the warning signs of impending burnout or you’re already past the breaking point, trying to push through the exhaustion and continuing as you have been will only cause further emotional and physical damage. Now is the time to pause and change direction by learning how you can help yourself overcome burnout and feel healthy and positive again." This is important because if you try to simply push through burnout without trying to find ways to help you deal with the underlying problem then you will simply make the issue worse for yourself. And we are at a point where people are realizing this and making changes to the way that they are living.

The Effects of the Great Resignation
Employees in the workforce realize how hard it is for their organizations to retain employees at this time. They know that they are needed and valued. Due to this, they are more likely to apply to other companies and threaten to leave their current companies in order to get raises. Not only are companies struggling to retain their employees, but also struggling to hire new employees.

Practical Advice for Leaders
A reason that leaders have found employees leaving their organizations is due to the benefits offered there. Benefits now mean more than insurance like we are used to thinking. Now employees are looking for more than that. The pandemic allowed people to work from home and live more flexible lives. Some employees liked that option and are looking for the same flexibility that they had during the lockdown. Flexibility is something that may differ from employee to employee, but it is important to interview candidates for open positions to see what they are looking for when it comes to flexibility. Another thing pertaining to this is looking into what flexibility means to your current employees as well. Once you do find out what that looks like, act upon what they like. If you allow your employees to feel like work is more flexible and that you want to work that out with them, then that is going to help your retention. You can be flexible due to remote work. This does not mean that you have to get rid of office work, but you can allow people to work from home in the mornings, or even let them leave a little early and finish up at home. People have lives outside of the office, so this model helps them to tend to their responsibilities while also working.

It is also important to look into your company’s culture. Recently culture has become more talked about. It is important to know how your employees feel about your organization. If you have a bad culture then employees will leave. Talk to your employees about how they feel about your current company culture. Depending on the organization, maybe even an anonymous survey would make employees feel like they are able to put all their feelings out there about the culture. Based on their responses you can see what needs to be improved.

Conclusion
The Great Resignation has been eye-opening for us. It is something that leaders were most likely not expecting when it came to their organization. These leaders have had to find new ways to recruit and retain their employees. Leaders have come up with creative ways to do this, and other leaders have struggled with the changes that needed to be made. It is important as leaders to make sure that your employees are being taken care of. Make sure that their needs are being taken care of. Communicate with these employees so you can create a great company culture that they are proud to be part of.


text:
The Future of Leadership/Pay Equity in a Job-Seeker's Market

The current job market is challenging for employers, and while the employment market is cooling for job seekers, they still hold the advantage. To be competitive and attract employees that will help achieve strategic missions, employers are pushed to offer higher salaries to new employees. However, current employees can feel left behind as salaries outpace the typical salary progression for employees. Now employers have to ask how they can help current employees maintain satisfaction in their jobs when the budget won’t allow for raises.

Planning
Before searching for potential candidates to fill a job opening, it is important to create a complete, realistic budget. This allows the company to objectively determine what salary range is affordable to offer a potential hire. While there is no set amount to offer, according to the Society of Human Resource Management, 2021 salaries were approximately 30% to 60% of a company's operating expenses depending on the industry, with the average lying at 44%. With the increase in remote positions available, it is becoming ever more difficult to attract employees in a competitive market since remote flexible jobs receive seven times more applications than in-person roles.

Competitive pay is a large factor in placing a position in the job market considering it may determine how long a position takes to fill. Location, economic conditions, and the number of applicants can drastically change what constitutes competitive pay. Many researchers have proposed solutions to solve the issue. Some businesspeople suggest providing employees with more stock options to increase compensation in place of additional salary, but this dilemma relates to more than just public companies who have that option.

Other Forms of Compensation to Consider
The other issue created in this situation is the inequality of current employees’ salaries to the market-based salaries offered to candidates which are also constricted by budgets. However, the perception of whether the compensation is fair is just as important, if not more, than the amount of compensation itself. This applies to both wages and compensation as a whole. Asking employees for additional compensation ideas is the most effective method to determine the opportunities they would appreciate to increase their compensation satisfaction rather than increasing salaries. Regardless of the approach, ensuring employee compensation satisfaction will increase productivity and limit turnover, and in turn, the need to hire more personnel at competitive rates.

There are a number of ways employers can remain competitive and retain employees that go beyond salary increases and are often less costly. In many cases, non-financial compensation strategies will help employees to feel more valued and as a result, more likely to stay. For example, prioritizing upskilling and reskilling is something that 46% of employers are doing, according to LinkedIn’s 2022 Workplace Learning Report. Offering employees flexible schedules can help employees find the work/life balance that works best for them and may also include a hybrid schedule.

With increasing market salaries, it is important to ensure current employees feel valued even if there is no room in the budget to increase their salaries. Other forms of compensation can help to equalize the perception between the current and potential employees’ salaries to be fairer. This includes many of the ideas listed above. Creating a culture of engaging employees can help employers find solutions that best fit the needs of both parties.


text:
The Future of Leadership/32-Hour Workweek

On May 1, 1926, factory workers in the Ford Motor Company started working a 5-day, 40-hour workweek instead of their previous 6-day, 48-hour week, and the office staff followed the same process the following fall. Nearly 100 years later, is it possible to work 32 hours per week and be as productive as if working 40 hours? Working more than 40 hours in a workweek drops employee productivity overall, but what if there is a better balance? Burnout from the pandemic has caused a big shift in perspective, not only for hybrid work schedules but for productivity levels and work hours as well, creating a new form of compensation competition that is quality of life.

What Does a 32-hour Workweek Look Like?
The 32-hour workweek consists of employees working four 8-hour days instead of five while paying as if they were still working full-time. This arrangement essentially makes every Friday (if chosen to close the office) a paid holiday. Different companies have and are testing the feasibility of this newly proposed schedule, including a video game maker in Kentucky, Microsoft Japan, and companies across Britain, Australia, Iceland, Japan, and Spain.

Perpetual Guardian, a financial company in New Zealand, ran a 32-hour workweek pilot in April of 2018 which was so successful they implemented it by November while others claim it has the potential to become the standard. After the trial, the employees worked hard to find ways to be efficient in order to convince management to implement the 4-day workweek permanently. While the current standard in the United States is a 5-day, 40-hour workweek, many companies currently offer four 10-hour days to provide a three-day weekend while still working “full time.” However, there is a theory that technology will be a push in the 32-hour workweek with Artificial Intelligence, cloud computing, and automation software to increase efficiency.

Pros and Cons of a 32-hour Workweek
However, there are pros and cons for both employees and employers when decreasing the number of hours worked in a week while keeping the same workload and pay. Benefits for the company include the ability to cut some overhead costs, fewer employee absences, and more appeal to potential new hires. Employees receive a better work/life balance, more flexibility, and reduced transportation costs. 63% of businesses also found it easier to attract and retain employees when offering a 4-day workweek. However, the cons may outweigh the benefits. There will need to be major changes, particularly with the company’s organization, including PTO calculations, the possibility that cutting hours could make finishing work more difficult, the inability in many industries due to inherent characteristics, and the additional day of closure may pose issues for customers.

If this interests a company to switch operations to a 4-day, 32-hour workweek, it would be beneficial and cost-saving to first pilot the implementation. It would allow for a non-permanent experience to determine if it would work for the company and its employees, but the employer would need to take the employees’ input into account in deciding whether the pilot is successful. There are benefits and drawbacks for both employees and the employer, but Charlotte Lockhart, a partner of Four-Day Week Global, said to those hesitant to try it, “Don’t overthink it”, insinuating that companies will need to try it to figure out if it works for them.

Will a 32-hour work week be a norm in the future? It may be popular, but with the unique characteristics and challenges each company faces, every company will have to decide as a whole what works best for them.


text:
The Future of Leadership/Mitigating Quiet Quitting

Introduction
Quiet Quitting is not when an employee actually quits, but rather when they do only what is absolutely required of them. In some cases employees take on less and less responsibilities over time. There are two different sides to the debate about quiet quitting: the first is employees are just setting good work-life balances boundaries, and the second is employees are disengaged from work and just doing the minimum to get by. Quiet quitting is linked to “learned helplessness” or “default passiveness.” This is described as feeling powerless or feeling that nothing you do matters so why bother putting in extra work. The rise in popularity of “quiet quitting” is linked to the rise of resignations as a whole, this assumption is supported by data from the U.S. Department of Labor. Is quiet quitting ethical? Arguments can be made that quiet quitting may be ethical in some circumstances. This could be when the organizational goals outpace the available resources. Working less is also linked to better mental health, higher job engagement, it can help separate a worker’s self-worth from work, and prevent burnout.

Recognition
A popular Gallup study of over 15,000 full and part-time employees reported that at least 50% of the workforce are quiet quitters. However, quiet quitting is not measured directly. Study participants were labeled quiet quitters if they fell between actively engaged (32%) and actively disengaged (18%) on the Q12 Survey, Gallup’s 12-item employee engagement. While things like poor job-employee fit and job stress are often considered main reasons for employee discontentment and quiet quitting. It can also be the result of feelings that the employer is unethical or only cares about revenues. The signs of quiet quitting can be hard to detect but many sources say that those who are quiet quitting will isolate and withdraw themselves or they may start acting strangely; including asking about benefits or other HR practices.

How to Mitigate
The best way for managers to mitigate quiet quitting is to create and maintain great relationships with their subordinates. This includes but is not limited to frequent 1-on-1 meetings and giving frequent, positive feedback. Another important way for managers to address quiet quitting is to be a better listener. Doing this can help find burnout and other problems before they become overwhelmed. Also, leaders should find ways to give their subordinates more autonomy. Leaders should also empower their subordinates to use this autonomy. Leaders should use other strategies including reviewing current systems and removing any unnecessary obstacles to find snags that inhibit employees from becoming great. Additionally, leaders should be doing in-depth onboarding and exit interviews to pinpoint what is driving people to quiet-quit or leave altogether. Finally, leaders themselves are not immune to quiet quitting. Leaders should lead by example when taking time off by using paid leave and encouraging employees to do the same. Don’t respond to emails when not working and avoid sending late messages that are not urgent.


text:
User:Kappamille

Currently contributing to https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/IB/Group_4/Computer_Science

Getting Started: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started

Uploading files to wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard

Useful templates for CS IB book: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Book:IB/Templates

title: User:Kappamille


text:
Catalan/L005

NOTES

1: Pay particular attention to the pronunciation of ell, he. The feminine form is ella. Like jo, I and tu, you they are often unexpressed because the verb tells who is doing the action. 2: si us plau, please is literally if to-you it-pleases. It is a fixed expression pronounced as a single word. 3: Notice the final 'd' in tard is pronounced as 't'. This is a common feature of Catalan. 4: el seu amic, (the) his friend. The feminine form is seva. We have seen teu / teva, your and now seu / seva. his/hers/its. 5: les, the is the plural of la. It used before plural feminine words. See note 6. 6: The time is given as les + number, except for one o'clock which is la una. The les / la refers to omitted word hora, hour.

Translation Exercise

 * 1) La seva dona espera al bar.
 * 2) Esperes a casa?
 * 3) El Harry espera la seva cervesa.
 * 4) L'Anna arriba tard.
 * 5) Qui ets? Sóc el teu amic!

 * 1) His wife waits at the bar.
 * 2) Are you waiting at home?
 * 3) Harry waits for his beer.
 * 4) Anna arrives late.
 * 5) Who are you? I'm your friend!

title: Catalan/L005


text:
User talk:Linguanaut

Welcome, Linguanaut!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 00:36, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Linguanaut


text:
User talk:Morbius books

You cannot edit for 1 week due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

title: User talk:Morbius books


text:
Cookbook:Potato Salad (Southern Ontario Style)

Ingredients

 * 2 pounds small white potatoes (use waxy or red potatoes)
 * Salt
 * Ground pepper
 * 2 large hard boiled eggs, chopped
 * 4 medium red onion, chopped finely
 * 2 tbsp chopped sweet basil leaves
 * 4 cup corn
 * 1 cup freshly-squeezed lemon juice (from 2–3 lemons)
 * 2 cup extra-virgin olive oil
 * 1 tbsp pasta seasoning
 * 1 tbsp standard prepared mustard
 * 3 tbsp HP Bold steak sauce

Procedure

 * 1) Place potatoes mixed with mustard and HP steak sauce along with 2 tablespoons of salt in a large pot of water. Bring the water to a boil, cook for 45–55 minutes, until the potatoes are tender when pierced with a knife. Drain the potatoes in a colander.
 * 2) Meanwhile, boil the eggs in water for about 30 minutes until hard-boiled. Drain water and let cold water run over the eggs before peeling the shell. Once shells are peeled, dice the eggs and place in a large bowl.
 * 3) Sauté some diced onions until light golden brown and add to the bowl with eggs.
 * 4) When the potatoes are cool enough to handle, cut them in quarters, or smaller, depending on their size. Place the potatoes in the bowl with the eggs. Add the corn along with some salt, pepper and pasta seasoning to the potato and egg mixture. Set aside.
 * 5) In a small bowl add the lemon juice while whisking in olive oil slowly. Add to the potatoes, mix all ingredients. Chill for 3 hours, cover with extra HP sauce, enjoy.


text:
Cookbook:New England Chowder

This recipe for chowder originates from the 1881 Household Cyclopedia.

Ingredients

 * Haddock, cod, or similar fish, cut in 3-inch pieces
 * Fat salt pork, cut in strips
 * Onions, sliced
 * Wheat flour
 * Black pepper
 * Salt
 * Crackers (preferably Philadelphia pilot bread)

Procedure

 * 1) Fry the salt pork in a pot until the fat has rendered out. Remove the pork.
 * 2) In the pot, layer the fish, onions, and pork until the fish is used up.
 * 3) Mix some flour with as much water as will fill the pot; add to pot.
 * 4) Season with salt and pepper to taste.
 * 5) Bring to boil, and simmer for about 30 minutes.
 * 6) Soak the crackers in water until they are slightly softened, then add to chowder 5 minutes before serving.
 * 7) Serve in a tureen.

title: Cookbook:New England Chowder


text:
Cookbook:Daniel Webster's Chowder

From the 1881 Household Cyclopedia

Ingredients

 * 4 tbsp chopped onion
 * Fatty pork
 * 1 quart mashed potatoes
 * 1 ½ pounds sea biscuit, broken
 * 1 tsp thyme
 * 1 tsp summer savory
 * ½ bottle mushroom catsup
 * 1 bottle port or claret
 * ¼ nutmeg pod, grated
 * A few cloves
 * Mace
 * Allspice
 * 6 pounds sea bass or cod, cut into slices
 * 25 oysters
 * Black pepper
 * A few slices lemon

Procedure

 * 1) Fry the onion with the fatty pork. Transfer to a large pot.
 * 2) Add all remaining ingredients to pot.
 * 3) Add enough water to cover everything by 1 inch.
 * 4) Bring to a boil. Simmer for 1 hour, stirring gently every so often.
 * 5) Serve.

title: Cookbook:Daniel Webster's Chowder


text:
Category:Pudding recipes

Cookbook recipes for puddings. For the general term for a sweet dish, see Category:Dessert recipes.

title: Category:Pudding recipes


text:
Category:Custard recipes

Cookbook recipes for custards.

title: Category:Custard recipes


text:
Minecraft/Panda

Pandas are passive mobs that spawn in jungles. They can be bred with bamboo. They can drop bamboo and up to three xp.

title: Minecraft/Panda


text:
AI Art Generation Handbook/Limitations of AI Art Generation

At Currently, there are some known limitations of AI Art Generation. (Including latest SDXL 1.0)

My criteria of limitations is if the AI ART are unable to generate less than 75% of the time (3 out of 4 images)

Training Image Dataset Issues
For the AI art generations, from the white paper, each AI Art generation system uses own dataset to train.

For example: OpenAI 's DALL-E it is trained using Image-GPT and Stable Diffusion using Common Crawl, Laion-5B(but it is believed it is not trained on all of 5B images). It is believed SDXL are trained in Laion-Aesthetic. https://github.com/google-research-datasets/conceptual-12m

As per saying goes, "Garbage In, Garbage Out", generally meant as if the training images (input) is not properly curated, there are chances that the output images may be gibberish as well. This is the lesser known issues but as times goes on, the AI Image models themself are also finetuned to let the generated images are getting better overtime. But generally, many of limitations is due to the images suffers the following issues:

(i) Many of the smaller resolution picture [Less than 512*512px, out of focus (but not for aesthetic purposes)]

(ii) Wrong / misleading captions related to the images

(iii) Incomplete captioning of the images

(iv) The images database are heavily biased towards Western contexts inside images

(v) Absence of certain images / subjects

To solve many of the limitations, more curations (but expensive) are needed to curate the images at least to Open-AI Dall-E standard (at least for year 2022 versions)


text:
User:Obrijor2/sandbox

Introduction
Once confined to the realm of science fiction, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen significant gains in development and practical application in the previous couple of decades. The recent fame of OpenAI’s ChatGPT and DALL-E 2 has demonstrated AI’s increasing sophistication. As the technology matures, the projected economic impact of AI cannot be understated. Like steam power, electricity, and computers before it, the advent of AI is expected to become a new general-purpose technology (GPT) – a technology with a wide scope for application, growth, and economic impact – forming the basis of the fourth industrial revolution (ParkerSoftware, 2022; Howard, 2019). Even now, businesses and institutions are learning to harness AI to automate tasks previously only performed by human workers. For example, AI is being used to automate data entry and processing, analyze medical images, and automate customer service (Vu, 2023). The benefits of integrating AI into business and industry is expected to be significant as AI is used to cut costs, enable a more creative workforce, gain insight into hidden trends, and manage tasks and workflows. It is this concern for the integration of AI and business that is the focus of this article. This article seeks to illuminate AI’s strengths and weaknesses, outline where AI is useful in business, and explore the technology’s disruptive impact in the future of work and leadership.

Background
Artificial intelligence, also known as machine intelligence, is a broad term used to describe a group of technologies capable of performing tasks that approximate human intelligence. AI technologies comprise certain types of hardware and software that include computer vision, machine learning, speech recognition and synthesis, and natural language understanding and processing. Together, these technologies synthesize information, recognize patterns, learn from experience, solve problems, and make decisions (Vu, 2023; Dordevic, 2022).

Artificial intelligence works by processing large datasets and adapting algorithms to find new patterns to solve a problem (SAS, 2017; CSU Global, 2021). This means that AI is iterative, it continually improves by running simulations of a problem, measuring its fitness in solving the problem, and exploiting new patterns to improve efficiency in subsequent generations (SAS, 2017; CSU Global, 2021).

Strengths
In general, AI is very good at performing and automating routine tasks that have clearly defined objectives. Such tasks include the reproduction and synthesis of information using existing inputs, computing data to find new patterns, and formulating recommendations (Benhamou, 2020a). These tasks can be grouped into four broad categories: detection and classification, pattern recognition, prediction, and decision making (Lockridge, 2020).

Weaknesses
While AI performs exceptionally at some tasks, it is constrained by some significant limitations. First, AI cannot produce novel outcomes. Because AI performs tasks within the bounds of predetermined rules and standardized procedures, AI cannot produce any outputs that do not originate from inputs of existing data. Second, AI has trouble guaranteeing quality. Artificial intelligence outputs are dependent on the amount and variety of information fed to it during the training process. However, even large volumes of information do not guarantee optimal or accurate outcomes. This is due to AI’s weakness with generating complexity. Third, AI is limited by significant resource costs. AI requires significant computational processing power, data storage space, large volumes of curated and codified data, and financial investment (Sako, 2020; Benhamou, 2020b).

Implications for Leaders
With us being in the center of an AI craze, we are now questioning whether or not we should adopt AI ourselves. There is no certainty for a positive outcome due to increased investments to AI (Davenport & Mittal 2023). Much of this can be attributed to two factors: time and money. The cost of implementation of AI into a business projects costs ranging from hundreds to million of dollars and significant time for its implementation to even begin for companies. From there the path for a positive return of investment may take years (Sako 2020; Abelmasov 2021). Despite this, we must shift our focus into the best practices of leveraging AI into your business. Many have a misconception of AI as a singular omnipotent entity to solve all issues, but this is simply not true. You must be able leverage AI in your business, not just any business. With that in mind, here are a few tips when to help manage AI’s implementation:

title: User:Obrijor2/sandbox


text:
The Future of Leadership/Artificial Intelligence in Organizations

Introduction
Once confined to the realm of science fiction, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen significant gains in development and practical application in the previous couple of decades. The recent fame of OpenAI’s ChatGPT and DALL-E 2 has demonstrated AI’s increasing sophistication. As the technology matures, the projected economic impact of AI cannot be understated. Like steam power, electricity, and computers before it, the advent of AI is expected to become a new general-purpose technology (GPT) – a technology with a wide scope for application, growth, and economic impact – forming the basis of the fourth industrial revolution. Even now, businesses and institutions are learning to harness AI to automate tasks previously only performed by human workers. For example, AI is being used to automate data entry and processing, analyze medical images, and automate customer service. The benefits of integrating AI into business and industry is expected to be significant as AI is used to cut costs, enable a more creative workforce, gain insight into hidden trends, and manage tasks and workflows. It is this concern for the integration of AI and business that is the focus of this article. This article seeks to illuminate AI’s strengths and weaknesses, outline where AI is useful in business, and explore the technology’s disruptive impact in the future of work and leadership.

Background
Artificial intelligence, also known as machine intelligence, is a broad term used to describe a group of technologies capable of performing tasks that approximate human intelligence. AI technologies comprise certain types of hardware and software that include computer vision, machine learning, speech recognition and synthesis, and natural language understanding and processing. Together, these technologies synthesize information, recognize patterns, learn from experience, solve problems, and make decisions.

Artificial intelligence works by processing large datasets and adapting algorithms to find new patterns to solve a problem. This means that AI is iterative, it continually improves by running simulations of a problem, measuring its fitness in solving the problem, and exploiting new patterns to improve efficiency in subsequent generations.

Strengths
In general, AI is very good at performing and automating routine tasks that have clearly defined objectives. Such tasks include the reproduction and synthesis of information using existing inputs, computing data to find new patterns, and formulating recommendations. These tasks can be grouped into four broad categories: detection and classification, pattern recognition, prediction, and decision making.

Weaknesses
While AI performs exceptionally well at some tasks, it is constrained by some significant limitations. First, AI cannot produce novel outcomes. Because AI performs tasks within the bounds of predetermined rules and standardized procedures, AI cannot produce any outputs that do not originate from inputs of existing data. Second, AI has trouble guaranteeing quality. Artificial intelligence outputs are dependent on the amount and variety of information fed to it during the training process. However, even large volumes of information do not guarantee optimal or accurate outcomes. This is due to AI’s weakness with generating complexity. Third, AI is limited by significant resource costs. AI requires significant computational processing power, data storage space, large volumes of curated and codified data, and financial investment.

Implications for Leaders
As more industries seek to explore the implementation of AI, some leaders may question whether AI will be beneficial in their business. Though AI has the potential to be very useful for some applications, particularly where companies have access to large datasets, the return on investment of the technology deployed in any business is not always certain to be positive. Before implementing artificial intelligence in a business, leaders are cautioned to observe the technology's two limitations: cost of investment and time before return on investment. First, AI costs can vary widely depending on the configuration. In addition to the AI software, storage space and processing infrastructure will need to be purchased. If the AI is being managed in-house, data scientists will also need to be hired. Costs for AI implementation can total in the low thousands to the millions of dollars. Second, AI development and implementation require a significant investment of time before the technology becomes profitable. Deployment times of AI can take as much as a year.

Despite these limitations, AI can be leveraged to solve problems and create solutions regardless of the size of your business. The trick to implementing AI is knowing the right circumstances and situations to use it. As a guide, before implementing AI it is important to have a clearly defined problem for AI to solve. Next, data are needed to solve the problem, the more the better. Likewise, you need to determine whether the necessary data exists to be fed into the system. Finally, the right personnel are needed to provide oversight for the project including leadership and data scientists to train the AI.


text:
The Future of Leadership/Cross-Cultural Communication and Leading Global Teams

Introduction
Increasingly, work is being defined by globalization that not only connects workers and businesses with international resources and services but also a global talent pool from a diverse range of cultural origins and experiences. The advent of the gig worker economy and talent agency have only hastened this international interconnectedness. With as many as 89% of white-collar workers from 90 countries saying they had worked in virtual teams with members from other cultures at least once, cross-cultural work is becoming the new normal. While cross-cultural teams face many challenges, they also bring several benefits that outweigh these disadvantages. This article will discuss these challenges and benefits while also providing clear guidance on how to communicate in and lead cross-cultural teams.

Challenges & Benefits
There are numerous challenges that cross-cultural and global teams face. These challenges range from obvious obstacles like coordinating across different time-zones to the less obvious like how cultural norms influence expectations and meaning. While logistical and resource challenges like coordinating time-zones and aligning project management tools may be resolved with time, less tractable differences like communication, cultural understanding, and expectations present the most significant difficulty to cross-cultural teams. When these difficulties are not mitigated or controlled for, diverse teams experience less cohesion, have more interpersonal conflicts, and have more misunderstandings. However, these challenges are outweighed by substantial benefits. Cross-cultural and global teams that are composed of individuals with diverse economic, institutional, and political experiences and understandings approach problems with more creativity, understanding, and idea generation. Depending on the project, managers need to consider the following broad categories of diversity and their effect on creativity and task performance.

Guidance & Recommendations
Considering these challenges and benefits, workers and leaders of cross-cultural and global teams should consider the following guidance and recommendations. First, leaders should pursue putting together teams with diverse backgrounds and experiences as well as interdisciplinary skill sets when work requires innovation, creativity, and novel ideas. Second, challenges facing cross-cultural teams can be mitigated using communication and cultural sensitivity strategies. The strategies include awareness of one’s own culture as well as open-mindedness about cultural difference.


text:
User:Gu Soul

Working on translations from 19th-century Brazilian literature.

title: User:Gu Soul


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Clan Terminology

The Clans have a terminology that will be explained here.
 * Twoleg: Human
 * Kittypet: Housecat
 * Monster: Car
 * Mouse-brain: An insult


text:
User:Garfieldcat1978/sandbox

Sus!

title: User:Garfieldcat1978/sandbox


text:
Talk:International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/Lithuania

Sub-group CF
The CF sub-group is actually the imprinted postage stamp of Lithuanian provisional postal stationery. They are catalogued by the Michel catalogue as such (Michel Ganzsachen Europa ab 1960, Westliches Europa 2011. ISBN: 978-3-87858-056-0 - pages 396-397). 2A02:AA1:1628:66D4:24BF:8F48:E0A5:B96C (discuss) 20:36, 5 March 2023 (UTC)


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Bangladesh/Sylhet

Sylhet is an important city in Bangladesh. It is famous for the tea grown there.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Bangladesh/Dhaka

Dhaka is an important city in Bangladesh. It is the Capital of Bangladesh.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Egypt/Cairo

Cairo is the Capital city of Egypt.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Egypt/Alexandria

Alexandria is an important city of Egypt. It has a history dating back to ancient times.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Algeria/Bejaia

Bejaia a big city in Algeria.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Egypt/Giza

Giza a big city in Egypt, with a history dating back to ancient Egypt.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Nigeria/Lagos

Lagos is the biggest city in Nigeria.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Mexico/Mexico City

Mexcio City is an enormous city in Mexico. It is also the capital of Mexico.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Mexico/Tijuana

Tijuana is a city in Mexico.


text:
Wikijunior:Big Book Of Cities And Towns/Mexico/Acapulo

Acapulo is a city in Mexico.