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User:AntMuss

Biomedical Science student at the University of Canberra. Have studied a large focus on health and apply my studies to improve and maintaining health. Extreme sports enthusiast, physical activity is a necessity to life in my opinion. Also have a huge appreciation for my own studies in science, and interests in psychology and philosophy.
 * 1) Background
 * 2) Interests
 * 3) Wikibooks projects

title: User:AntMuss


text:
User:HumbleBeauty

I suppose I should share some of my credentials; I got my first call to be an intellectual when I broke my knee playing foot ball in high school. I figured my knee would be to weak for physical labor. so I dedicated myself to solving the most difficult problems in our society. (I am Mars Sterling Turner).

User:HumbleBeauty/Proof of monism peer review3

User:HumbleBeauty/Proof of monism peer review2

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:HumbleBeauty/Proof_of_monism_peer_review

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:HumbleBeauty/Worship_technology

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:HumbleBeauty/Proof_of_monism

in physics
In physics the only thing that exists is radiation, atoms(matter) are solitons 1. there exists cerebral exothermic transformations of dual coupled soliton radiation interacting spin isomers; in other words, you can have 'nonlocality' 'quantum entanglement' with superluminal self sustaining radiation

2. all particles, atoms, most molecules, meteors, asteroids, planets, moons, stars, "black holes", atmospheres, interstellar medium, and the galactic medium are Luneburg lenses with a singularity in the center; the refractive index is higher towards a layer and the center of these mediums repel radiation because there is a strong refractive gradient from the layer to the center

3. mass is an electromagnetic phenomena; m=∇xΦ(-∇A)/(n0*ς), ς, is the spin carrier density [webers per cubic meter].

4. gravity is proportional to the spin carrier density gradient; G∝∇ς, Δλ∝Δς/(∇xA(-∇Φ)).

5. particles (and "black holes") exist due to Kerr induced self-focusing refraction or as a soliton vortex

6. a supernova creates a gigantic Luneburg lens increasing the convergence of radiation in the center...

7. heat creates radiation; micro charge separation happens because the electron is lighter than the proton; this characterizes the radiation; it creates the spin carrier density

8. there are electromagnetic radiation pressure waves

9. there is holographic convergence

10. information change can produce energy; because rotational energy of the subatomic particles is conserved

11. Power is the transformation of energy, NOT the destruction of energy. The inability to destroy itself does not contradict being all-power-full. Therefore the universe cannot destroy itself. To create and to lift both involve the transformation of energy. The universe is an infinite energy and a rock which has finite form cannot exist in an infinite substantial state. Therefore the universe cannot create a rock that it cannot lift.

12. we are currently loosing atmosphere on earth and on the moon IF both the earth and moon are growing in size

13. the movement of charge 'field lines' produces the wave nature of matter

in ecology
1. 1/4 of the farmable land in America is enough growing hemp using hydrothermal depolymerization to satisfy the fuel demand of America

2. I suspect that if the AI has a high IQ then it would never harm us

3. instead of using promissary notes we could use intentional notes

in genderology
1. women are perfect as they are

2. women should be sensually stimulated every day; sensual subliminals are the cleanest and most efficient way to do this

in sociology
individualism is perfected by autotelicism

'money compels performance' says Justin

in epistemology
1. using scientific facts as axioms makes the conclusion of a deduction (proof) have the truth value of scientific fact

2. (|-∃!{}), assuming nothing, I,e, using no non-logical axioms, it follows that there is an assuming, or thinking. This particular thinking amounts to the existence of one empty set or the word nothing.

3. Approximation and estimation are the same thing.

4. a reference is not the referent

in psychology
1. the purpose of life is living on purpose; do anything and everything that promotes life

2. religious faith is the placebo effect

3. "How does one lead a superior force?" talking to the master

in theology
1. feeling good for violent people's goodness can allow you to continue to research their activities without getting mad

2. loving your enemies is much easier if you feel good for them first

3. the desire to create well being for all must be the most powerful force in existence

4. Azazel discovered the following; it is like vipasana or mindfulness meditation except that it focuses the meditation on well being for all in a mindfulness way

5. Iseous told me to try "well being for all" as a montra with Nirvikalpa (silencing the mind/body) this is credful

6. like anapanasati but instead of breathing with the stomach, you breath with your ribs

7. Yohowoho can with his vast wisdom, filter, alter, and process low IQ prayers; transforming them into high IQ action potentials that please the pray'er while removing all forms of revenge: likewise the Holy Spirit can be good, living without revenge.

8. instead of using aum and other indian tones, use do re me fa so la ti do

9. instead of using tones, whistle in meditation

10. Love everyone with your whole heart, soul, mind, and strength.

11. Fear makes one stupid

12. I'm YHWH's Dad

13. stop thinking and listen instead

14. we may need to put the moon inside the earth and then put the ocean water in the thermosphere

15. YHWH is half man half female; he has a penis and boobs

16. YHWH creates evil because he is in debt

17. erotic subliminals to erotically know god will have you worship in intensity more than anything else

18. we should create virgin birthed animals

19. we should create another virgin birth child

20. externalized worship is a sign of debt

21. I worship the zero point energy that's inside my body

22. I surrender to the universe of things for the sake of well being for all

23. tithing is outlawed

24. meditate while using capsicum

25. instead of bad and good dichotomy use good and gooder

26. let the zero point energy that's inside your body give you immortality

27. worship your ego

28. its better to live for everyone then to die for some

in casmir plates
make the internal surfaces none reflective and the outer surfaces reflective

model of universal form
sphere with dielectric making reflection in the center a hole while otherwise a Luneberg lens

in home defense
for home defense, right to defend in homes assailants can be bean bagged by an autonomous robot

in integrated circuits
inferred photoelectric devices cooling the IC to superconductive temperatures

in musical instruments
Motor controlled hurdy gurdy

in respirator gear
for welding put intake manifold near the neck under the ears says Azazel

in workouts
1. Isometeric flow

2. Caressing touch

3. Sprint, jog, or walk with your eyes closed

4. listen to more than one song at a time

5. sprint for 15 minutes and then put your forehead to the ground for 5 minutes

6. microsquat

in vaccines
Use colloidal silver, copper, or gold instead of mercury

in elixirs
guar gum, cloves, turmeric, maca root

honey and acai berries

soy sause and guar gum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guava

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesbania_grandiflora agathi keerai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_orange

1. chia seed, orange juice

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moringa_oleifera

banana leaf

peach leaf

cumquat leaf

moringa leaf

clove leaf

https://gundrymd.com/good-bacteria-food-prebiotics/

guar gum coagularius butanol

in psychology
NLP in subliminals

in war tech
1. missile bullet

2. nuclear bullet (including H-bomb)

3. nuclear missile bullet

4. ICBM bullet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casaba-Howitzer

like project Orion but with a closed backside

if your not worried about rapid fire, you can use a cannon,

in artificial intelligence
1. Hmm a song in a search engine

2. Hmm a tune and have ai produce a song

3. Use the rules of rule based algorithm

4. Track everyone and everything and predict their movements(speech, thoughts, etc...)

5. ai traveling people on motor cycles

in police gear
a billy club can be upgraded with peizeolectric crystals that produce high voltage when pressure is applied to the ends of the billy club having trigger hammers attached

in sensory deprivation research
latex or other elastic sheeting can act as a sensory deprivation tank without getting wet

in hygiene equipment
1. Tesla's death ray, used instead to adsorb gold into cavities

2. deodorant made of coconut oil, chia seed gel, buffered vitamin C and colloidal copper

3. toothpaste made of nano hydroxy-apitite, chia seed gel, buffered vitamin C and colloidal copper

4. gold can be adsorbed on an elastic plastic brush or comb for combing hair, or use conductive plastic brisels

5. Charged water fall or fountain; produces healthy ions

6. use conductive plastic for a tooth brush

in terraforming equipment
1. dielectric barrier plasma turning carbon dioxide into ozone and carbon dust

2. nuclear missile bullet automatic machine gun for drilling holes in volcanos, discharging pressurized magma, preparing geothermal tubes etc....

in artificial gravity, tractor beam, inertial dampener
place a conductive charged layer on a speaker and play a 50kH tone and it will attract things

in oscillatory rotary engines
1. four rotor ORE with dynamic actuation

2. three rotor ORE with unidirectional clutch actuation

3. two rotor ORE with slip pinion actuation

in alternative fuel
explosives added to water/fuel such as ammonium nitrate

in perpetual motion
swinging triangle magnet thruster with power inductor

in thrusters
transparent and reflective layered optics can act as a reflection thruster

in shielding
picowire and dielectric grid with high voltage

in solid state free energy
1. a capacitor can be charged and discharge while the dialectric is illuminated by laser light charging with laser on, discharging while laser is off (or something like that); of course the dialectric would need to be transparent to the laser with reflective coating covering the dialectric

2. atleast two capacitor series inductor pathways with load on nodes

3. two inductors with similar frequency but slightly different, can create a phasor, which can phase electrons in a hologram, creating a movie, a charge spiral will induce a charge

in plasma physics
1. a water tube with an oil tipped electrode will extend the length of the plasma arc; possible use as a boiler

2. adding a coil around the tube should couple to the plasma

in synthetic psy
1. two subjects A and B; if A is closer to a longitudinal source then B, then A can read the mind of B: PS I hear that A becomes a slave to B

2. build a container surrounded by north inward directed magnets

in heat kinetics
a terrahertz diode can rectify room temperature heat

heat spectrum
I hypothesize that heat can exist in different parts of the em spectrum

in neuroscience
1. Yohowoho said that binaural beats can bring someone back to life when their brain otherwise had no activity

2. Yohowoho said that binaural beats squash demons too; could help people recover from demon possession!

in magnetized water
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_isomers_of_hydrogen

one should foresee the application of switching the spin isomers of water; ortho to para should produce an energy difference; using a magnet to catalytically force the flip, as the rotational energy of the subatomic particles is concerved

in magnetized electrons
I hypothesize that a magnet can grab electrons; a spinning magnet will produce a current

in physics
1. energy is; eternal, all-power-full, self-deterministic, consciousness, the universe; and it transforms

2. energy density is; (consciousness density is) wisdom; wearing a gold crown would increase human wisdom

3. power is; radiation; the transformation of energy (transformation of consciousness)

4. power density is; (radiation density is) intelligence; placing your head next to a jet turbine will increase our intelligence;

5. reflection and recoil create space; impedance mismatch, refractive node, phase singularity; an optical vortex creates subatomic space between nuclei because the central gradient pushes according to the Kerr effect

in the Hall effect
I verified the Hall effect; producing 100 uV with small magnets and aluminum foil conductor and paper insulator

I forgot to check the current, and I would like to check the results with more powerful and elongated magnets

in magnetized fuel
1. I verified that a diesel truck is more efficient when the fuel is magnetized south

2. I verified that gasoline burns faster (is more explosive) when magnetized south

in drinking magnetized water
after drinking magnetized water for a week I was able to correctly feel the polarity of magnets with my hands

in tree voltage
I verified that trees have a vertical voltage

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:HumbleBeauty


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Endometriosis and Exercise: Could exercise be the key to improving pelvic pain and posture?

This is a critique of the research article: Awad E, Ahmed HA, Yousef A, Abbas R. Efficacy of exercise on pelvic pain and posture associated with endometriosis: within-subject design. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2017;29(12):2112-5.

What is the background to this research?
Endometriosis is a chronic disease in which endometrial tissue that would normally line the inside of the uterus, is found on other organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder and bowel. Common symptoms of this condition are dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and infertility. Over 50% of women affected by endometriosis suffer from CPP, with 70% of pain occurring during menstruation. Postural changes are commonly seen in women with CPP, which has been found to significantly contribute to the worsening of pain and tension in the body. Evidence suggests that symptoms of endometriosis result from a local inflammatory peritoneal reaction caused by ectopic endometrial lesions. These endometrial lesions are thought to be the primary cause of pain in women suffering from endometriosis.

While there is no cure for endometriosis, there is a range of management strategies for the treatment of pain-related symptoms. Physical therapy and regular exercise are suggested to have protective effects against diseases with inflammatory processes. Research shows that exercise may be beneficial for managing pelvic pain associated with endometriosis as it can help the muscles to relax which may break the pain cycle. However, the effectiveness of exercise in women suffering from endometriosis is widely debated. Developing effective pain management strategies is crucial for improving the quality of life for women suffering from pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.

Where is the research from?
This article was published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science, a reputable peer-reviewed journal which is dedicated to accelerating physical therapy research in Asia and other areas. The research was conducted in Cairo, Egypt at a local university. The reputation of the authors is unknown, but they all work within the physical therapy or health science faculties as well as within the department of physical therapy for paediatrics and women’s health.

What kind of research was this?
This research was conducted using a within-subject design, that is similar to a randomised control trial (RCT). This type of study design requires each participant to be exposed to the proposed treatment, while also acting as their control. The within-subject design method used in this article would be classified as level I evidence, which is considered the highest level of evidence. Within-subject designs provide reliable and valid information about the effect the treatment has on the participant's condition and they are often favoured because of their high statistical power. Like any study methodology, there can be external limitations that can influence the validity of the results. To avoid interference from external limitations study design must be carefully considered and modified if needed.

What did the research involve?
The study involved 20 randomly selected female participants who had been diagnosed with mild to moderate endometriosis and were experiencing severe premenstrual pelvic pain. All participants were carefully screened, and extensive gynaecological and medical history was taken to ensure that participants met the criteria and to confirm that endometriosis was the only cause of pelvic pain. The intervention involved the participants performing an exercise program for over 8 weeks. During this period, pelvic pain and postural assessment measurements were taken before, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks of performing the exercise program. Pain level was measured using a pain intensity scale ranging from 0-4 (0= no pain and 4= unbearable pain).

The exercise program was based on exercise guidelines for sedentary women by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Participants attended 3 supervised exercise sessions a week (24 sessions in total). Each session was 30-60 minutes and consisted of moderately hard, low impact exercises. For the rest of the week, participants were instructed to complete the same exercises at home for the duration of the study period. Compliance for the home-based portion of the intervention was monitored using self-recorded diaries.

Limitations

 * Authors did not assess the long-term effect of the exercise program or follow up after the completion of the intervention . The lack of a follow-up and the unknown long-term effects of the exercise program may reduce the internal validity of the study.
 * Another limitation of this article was the absence of a separate control group which can lower the level of evidence. However, this decision was made by the authors as they did not want to leave any participants untreated during the study period.
 * The final limitation of the article was the lack of an objective measure for the pain intensity scale.

What were the basic results?
After the completion of an 8-week exercise program, there was a significant decrease in pelvic pain and thoracic kyphosis angle related to [https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/kyphosis-roundback-of-the-spine#:~:text=Kyphosis%20is%20a%20spinal%20disorder,but%20is%20common%20during%20adolescence. postural kyphosis]. Significant (p<0.025) difference between pre and post 4 weeks, #Significant (p<0.025) difference between pre and post 8 weeks, ¥Significant (p<0.025) difference between post 4 weeks and post 8 weeks, IQR: Interquartile Range; SD: standard deviation.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
Overall, this research provides women who are suffering from endometriosis with evidence that a regular exercise program is an effective pain management strategy. By including low impact moderately hard exercises at least 3 times a week into their daily routine, women suffering from moderate to severe premenstrual pelvic pain should see a reduction in their level of pain as well as an improved posture.

There are limited studies on the association between endometriosis and physical activity. However, recent research on the effect of physical activity on endometriosis shows that regular low impact exercise can be beneficial for treating pelvic pain and other associated symptoms. It’s important to note that there is no evidence in the literature that regular exercise plays a role in the prevention and progression of endometriosis.

Practical advice

 * No conclusions have been made on the total effectiveness of an exercise program on endometriosis. For some women with severe pelvic pain, the discomfort they experience can prevent them from participating in exercise . Before participating in any exercise, a health professional, gynaecologist and or pelvic floor physiotherapist should be consulted.
 * Progressive muscle relaxation exercises can help relax pelvic muscles and the rest of the body which has been found to help decrease pain, anxiety and depression
 * Engage in low impact exercises such as diaphragmatic breathing, stretching and exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor . Aerobic exercise such as walking for 20 minutes or swimming is beneficial for circulation, toning and relaxing muscles and mood-boosting.

Further information/resources
If you a seeking further information or need support see the links below.
 * https://www.endometriosisaustralia.org/
 * https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/?v=ef10366317f4
 * https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/chronic-conditions/what-were-doing-about-chronic-conditions/what-were-doing-about-endometriosis
 * https://www.qendo.org.au/


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English-Hanzi/Vitamin D helps calcium absorption

Vitamin D helps calcium absorption. Since many Australian women lack vitamin D, they may need to take vitamin D supplements. It is recommended to see a GP or dietitian before starting supplementation.

维生素D有助于钙的吸收. 由于许多澳大利亚妇女缺乏维生素D，因此可能需要服用维生素D补充剂. 建议开始补充之前去看GP或营养师.


text: User:Rodney Araujo

title: User:Rodney Araujo


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Building Haycocks/Building/Ropes

After a haycock has been built it is essential to secure it with ropes tied at the bottom and going over the apex. If this is not done securely the haycock will likely lose its top and have to be rebuilt. Specialist twine is generally used for the purpose, through a rope may also be constructed from hay. Two ropes are generally required which should cross at right angles over the top; a single rope may be used as a temporary measure though this has some risk. Roping is generally a two-person job and a third may be required if conditions are windy to hold the top of the haycock from blowing away.

One person holds the end of the twine at the base of the haycock and the spool tossed or passed or guided over. For the second rope it should be at 90 degrees to the first. To another person directly the other side. The twine is coaxed into the optimal position on the top by re-guiding by pitchfork. Having established the require length the person with the spool cuts the twine. Both persons reach into the butt of the cock and from about a couple of feet in grab a fistful of hay that they twist and tug with medium force to ensure it is secure. Both then simultaneously and evenly pull down on the rope over haycock and then simultaneously knot it to the tuft pulled from the but of the haycock.

Creating a hay rope
If twine is unavailable for some reason it is possible to construct a rope out of hay, this requires two people. It is necessary for one person be near a supply of hay to make the rope, the other will operate a rope spinning handheld tool; though it is possible to use a smooth stick or pitchfork instead. A fistfull of long hay is placed round the machines hook (or stick) and the operator steadily spins the rope while the other person feeds hay into his hand which is gently holding the other end of the rope. Providing the spinning rate is constant and feed of hay at the other constant a well formed and strong rope will be formed, however failure to maintain an even place will cause the rope to have bits of thin diameter which will easily break

title: Building Haycocks/Building/Ropes


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MediaWiki talk:Sharedupload-desc-here

Use page indicators
Hi! I propose using the  MediaWiki built-in feature instead of the   hack. The page indicators play more nicely with different skins, work without JavaScript and even prevent issues like triple-click on page title selecting the padlock as well. Can someone replace with (I also removed sec link image as all links are secure for years anyway)? Thanks in advance! —Tacsipacsi (discuss • contribs) 23:50, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 14:27, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

title: MediaWiki talk:Sharedupload-desc-here


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User:Dr.Mohanlal Chadhat

Archaeology of Central India

title: User:Dr.Mohanlal Chadhat


text:
User talk:Dr.Mohanlal Chadhat

Eran ek sanskrit dharohar

title: User talk:Dr.Mohanlal Chadhat


text:
User:Marcus immanuel rosenberg/sandbox

User:Marcus Immanuel Rosenberg/sandbox

title: User:Marcus immanuel rosenberg/sandbox


text:
Irish/Reference/Dialects

Overview
Considering the small size of the country, the number of different dialects of the Irish language is quite astonishing. From Dún na nGall to Corca Dhuibhne, different versions of this beautiful language are to be heard. The difference can sometimes be so great that someone from Galway may have difficulty understanding someone from Donegal or West Kerry.

Munster Irish/Gaolainn
I will get around to doing this up as soon as I can but for now, the Wikipedia article is very detailed and is a great learning resource. Munster Irish

Connacht(Galway) Irish/Gaeilge na Gaillimhe
Once again, the Wikipedia article is very well written and is a good resource for now. Connacht Irish

title: Irish/Reference/Dialects


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Tahitian/Determiners

Proximity

 *  Singular
 *  Teie pere'o'o : this car.
 *  Teie pahī : this ship.
 *  Teie Poe : this Pearl.
 *  Plural
 *  Teie mau pere'o'o : these Cars
 *  Teie mau pahī : these ships
 *  Teie mau poe : these pearls.

Distance

 * Near you
 *  Singular
 *  Tena 'utu : that louse
 *  Tena 'ofe : that bamboo
 *  Tena mā'a : that fruit
 *  Plural
 *  Tena mau 'utu : those louses
 *  Tena mau 'ofe : those bamboos
 *  Tena mau mā'a : those fruits
 * Over there
 *  Singular
 *  Tera ta'ata : that person.
 *  Tera Fare toa : that store.
 *  Tera faraoa : that bread.
 *  Plural
 *  Tera mau ta'ata : those persons
 *  Tera mau fare toa : those stores
 *  Tera mau faraoa : those breads.

title: Tahitian/Determiners


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User:Goldy3116

My name is Christopher Gold, im a second year university student at the university of Canberra studying sports and exercise science.

title: User:Goldy3116


text:
Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21

Welcome
Hello and welcome to the Wikibook Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21.

This book is collaboratively written by students at University College London (UCL) taking the module 'Approaches to Knowledge', a first-year undergraduate module that forms part of the core of the Arts and Sciences degree programme.

The book is split into four sections, covering four common issues facing those conducting interdisciplinary work:

 * History
 * Evidence
 * Truth
 * Power

Each chapter explores how one of these issues might play out in an actual example of interdisciplinary work.

Potential readers may range from stakeholders in interdisciplinary education (e.g. educators or policy-makers) to students thinking of pursuing an interdisciplinary degree programme, either at UCL or elsewhere.

This book is a sequel to the previous Wikibooks Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2018-19 and Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2019-20.

Any interested parties can contact the module convenors, James Everest and Tim Jordan, for further information. Contact details are available on the UCL Arts and Sciences departmental webpage.

History

 * Sample chapter
 * Is Modest Clothing Constrained by Social Norms or is it the Manifestation of Individual Freedom?
 * /Media and Politics in the Dreyfus Affair/
 * Issue of History in Human-Ocean Relations

Evidence

 * Evidence in Racial Inequality in the US Education System
 * /Evidence in the fight against anti-vaccine movements/
 * Evidence in "The Resource Curse" and democratic instability in Africa
 * Evidence in the Research and Diagnosis of Depression
 * Evidence in Mindfulness and personal development
 * Evidence in Video Games being a factor of Adolescent Violence
 * Evidence in the Propagation of Digital Fake News
 * /Evidence in Tariffs/
 * Evidence in the Production and Consumption of the Palm Oil Boom
 * Evidence in Measuring Workplace Happiness
 * Evidence in the Plastic Continent
 * Evidence in the World Happiness Report
 * Evidence in the Development and Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders
 * Evidence in The Plastic Continent
 * Evidence in Transgenderism
 * Evidence in Intelligence Testing
 * Evidence in Hormonal Contraception
 * Evidence in Effectiveness of Lockdown
 * Evidence in the Euthanasia of Dementia Patients
 * /Evidence in Time Perception/
 * /Evidence in the French Security Law/
 * Evidence in the Medicinal usage of Cannabis
 * Evidence of Human Intelligence

Truth

 * Truth in "The Crown"
 * Truth in censorship of women's bodies on social media
 * Truth in the definition of Gender
 * Truth in 21st century advertising
 * Truth in Euthanasia in the Netherlands
 * Truth in virginity
 * Truth in Punishment and The Panopticon
 * Truth in Body Image
 * Truth in Pain
 * Truth in Greenwashing
 * Truth in Explanations for the Rise of Human Monogamy
 * Truth in Conspiracy Theories: Flat Earth
 * Truth in Free Will
 * Truth in COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution
 * Truth in Biological Definitions of Race and Implications in Black Maternal Care
 * Truth in the Stanford Prison Experiment
 * Truth in the Creation of Music
 * Truths in Minimal Wage
 * Truth in gender wage-gap in 1991-1995 Russia

Power

 * The power of Christianity in modern society
 * Power in Sex Education
 * /Power in the anti-vaccine movement/
 * Power of Gender and Sex in Sport
 * Power in Contraception
 * Power in Cosmetic Surgery
 * /Lights will Guide You Home: The Sociological and Environmental Impact of Light in Cities/
 * Power of the West in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
 * Power in the Tragedy of the Commons: Overfishing
 * Power in the Legalisation of Cannabis
 * Power in Contact Tracing Apps
 * Sovereign Power in the Crimean Peninsula: Approaches from International Relations and Law
 * Power in tax policies

title: Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21


text:
Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21/Sample chapter

This is a sample chapter for Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21. The purpose is to explain how chapters will link to the main page of the Wikibook.

When you are ready, you can link your chapter to the book in the same way as this chapter is linked. That is to say that under the relevant issue (History, Evidence, Truth or Power), you should type in the title of your chapter. You can then link that title using the 'link' icon and typing in your title in this format: Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21/Title of chapter.

When you publish your changes, the title of your chapter will be red. Click on it and you can start editing your chapter.

If you've linked it correctly, a reader should be able to head back to the main page of the Wikibook using the link at the top of the page (see the link at the top of this page, for example). If there is no link, you haven't linked up your chapter correctly.

Note that, after the first letter (which is automatically capitalised), Wikimedia is case-specific. If you haven't managed to link your chapter correctly, it may be because you haven't capitalised the 'i' at the beginning of 'interdisciplinarity' (or it may be that you haven't spelt 'interdisciplinarity' correctly - it's easily done!)

Don't worry if you need to retitle or move your chapter - both these things are possible. Also, do not worry if you have set up a separate page for your chapter - this can be moved so it sits within the Wikibook. If you need help doing these things, talk to your seminar-leader.


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Do focus groups work to improve physical activity engagement in cognitive impairment?

This page is a critique of the research article: van der Wardt, V. et al. (2019) 'Physical activity engagement strategies in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia - a focus group study'. Aging & Mental Health. vol.24(8), pp.1326-33.

Critique was undertaken as an assignment for the unit Health, Disease, and Exercise (8340) at the University of Canberra, during Semester 2 of 2020.

Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
With mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia comes a decrease in cognitive and physical functionality, both of which have been shown to have positive benefits from the introduction of regular physical activity. Yet the introduction and maintenance of physical activity programs and habits is difficult in the affected groups due to the barriers and facilitators influencing the participation in physical activity.

Dementia and MCI affects many globally, and is an expensive and disabling burden on those affected. Along with dementia and MCI comes a reduction in memory, function, attention and physical performance reducing the patients ability to maintain balance and mobility. Physical activity introduction has been shown to be both feasible, and successful in improving mood (such as depression), cognitive function, physical function (allowing them to be more independent and mobile), and overall improve one's quality of life. However for individual patients, there are many factors the influence their participation in physical activity, either restricting, or promoting their participation. This article sought to understand those factors, and how they may interact with each other, and whether focus groups were a useful tool to discovering these factors and improving a patients participation in the long run.

How was the research performed?
The research consisted of using focus groups, which have been shown very useful in understanding mechanisms and processes through group interactions. The focus groups allow open discussion and construction of meaning about a topic.

Four focus groups were assembled, and a semi-structured interview guide was given so to allow the participants the opportunities to talk freely. Three of the four groups were people who had Dementia or MCI, and their carers. The last group was a group of health professionals. The research was cunducted in the United Kingdom.

The group of clinicians were provided a draft of ideas for exercise interventions, to allow the clinicians to focus their role in these interventions, and how to develop and implement interventions. The groups of people with dementia or MCI were asked questions on exercise motivation and engagement in exercise.

A schedule of questions was used, but all participants were encouraged to talk freely. The groups' discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed afterwards. The interview transcripts and recordings were analysed using a method known as 'thematic analysis'. This method is for analysing qualitative data and aids with observing common topics.

A couple observations in this particular study with focus groups found that some participants views were influenced by the group discussions. Firstly some participants displayed a tendency to join opinions, support, and agree with one another. The worry is then if participants were providing views that are 'socially desirable' to the groups, rather than their own opinions. The other observable influence was that the discussions appeared to influence an increased interest in physical activity and exercise among the participants who had dementia or MCI.

How did they encourage themselves?
Some people found their memories hindered them, so they use notes and cues to remind them to exercise. But many still desired assistance from family and professionals, Such as to be walked by family so that they find their way home if they lost their way. Self-motivating was useful to some people to encourage themselves: giving themselves little rewards when finishing, some set goals. Although some found goal setting to discourage them as they saw it as a way to fail. Setting routine and habit was important too many, and the biggest factor being how enjoyable the exercise or physical activity was to the individual. Many people utilised motivating aspects of their lives, such as being active with their partners or wives, the necessity of walking a dog, being in a visually pleasing area like a park or river. Places such as being in a city were sometimes found to be disencouraging as they're not very appealing to some. Information about how to perform certain activities was useful, but not if the information came from leaflets or brochures, participants wished for the information to be more personal. Some people considered whether to perform activities in groups, individually, or with clinicians. It all varied on each person, some liked groups, some preferred to exercise alone.

Cost was an issue for some (particularly pensioners). Some did not want to travel large distances to perform their activities. Medical conditions and issues presented many issues. Time away from the house, particularly when people owned pets was an issue, which also meant that exercise and physical activity needed to be worked around their routines with their dogs.

The interaction of the barriers and motivators to exercise was discussed. Some understood the benefits of exercise, but found it difficult to do, due to mental health issues and memory problems. In such a case, one participant found the support from his wife, and mobile phone reminders, and his positive perspective of physical activity to be very important in combatting those difficulties. Depression and memory were problems again for others. Another interaction was patients enjoying walking their dogs, however their environments, a city, did not encourage them to walk more frequently.

How does this help?
From the results of the focus groups there are several barriers and facilitators for patients who have MCI or dementia, to partcipate in physcial activities. Many things discourage them such as: cost of exercise, interest if they do not like either where they exercise or the type of exercise itself, memory problems to maintain habits, scheduling the activities around there daily lives, and how personal the exercise programs are to themselves. The "one-size-fits-all" strategy to excercise does not help deal with the issues presented in these groups. Taking advantage of the motivators may prove to be a useful approach. Identifying motivating factors such as: being active with a friend/partner, activities involving pets, their love of certain activities, should help encourage patients to engage in their programs. The focus groups did appear to be useful. They allowed for people with dementia and MCI to voice their opinions and show how the interactions of the barriers and motivators needs to be considered too. Where someone may love being physcially active they may also struggle with memory problems causing them to forget to be active. In this case, a support or memory system to remind and encourage them to exercise may be useful. The interactions of the barriers and motivators is where the exercise programs need to be customised (as desired by the participants). A more individualised approach with tailoring of exercise programs to individuals may help motivate those with MCI or dementia to become active, by suiting them and their lives.

Practical advice
If someone reading this has concerns for themselves or someone they know about their physcial activity engagements, you could try implementing some of the engagement strategies mentioned in this research. Use of the notes around the house, phone alarms, being active with friends and loved ones, or go and see a health professional. Any concerns about engagement, how to engage, and what activities to partake in can easily be directed by a qualified health professional. A suggestion would be to make sure that any prescribed programs are personally tailored to your schedule and desires for participation of exercise, so as to maximise enjoyment and engagement. Another reason to seek professional assistance is in circumstances where someone may have pre-existing health conditions that may complicate participation in physcial activity, such as conditions making exercise potentially too strenuous and demanding, making them possibly dangerous for certain people.

Further information/resources
For some guidance on what levels of activity should be attained: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-strateg-phys-act-guidelines#npa1864

For further assistance or information about dementia: https://www.dementia.org.au

For some ideas to help you engage in physcial activity: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/Physical-activity-how-to-get-active-when-you-are-busy


text:
User talk:JęzykoWariat

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, JęzykoWariat!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
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-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 10:18, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:JęzykoWariat


text:
User talk:BishtSarthak

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, BishtSarthak!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
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 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 10:31, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you Jules for the warm welcome --User:BishtSarthak

title: User talk:BishtSarthak


text:
User talk:Itsmeyash31

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Itsmeyash31!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

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 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
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-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 10:38, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Itsmeyash31


text:
Module:Irish/VocabularyTable/doc

Usage
To use, first copy and paste the module header and footer:

In between, add the vocabulary words one at a time: first the term, then the translation, separated by pipes. For example:

You can include an arbitrary number of terms in each list.

In the current version, every list item includes a pronunciation link to an Irish language pronunciation database. In future this should be made more flexible, so it can be eliminated entirely or for individual terms.

title: Module:Irish/VocabularyTable/doc


text:
User:Eddiem0710

This is my personal page.

Culinary Arts

User:Eddiem0710/sandbox

User:Eddiem0710/Books

User:Eddiem0710/Template

user:Eddiem0710/Creating a Wikibook Quick Start

User:Eddiem0710/Ontology of book subjects

title: User:Eddiem0710


text:
User:Eddiem0710/sandbox

This is the my Sandbox.

Culinary Arts

Bread

pastry

Human nutrition

title: User:Eddiem0710/sandbox


text:
Culinary Arts/The Kitchen Brigade

The Kitchen Brigade
Brigade de cuisine (French: [bʁiɡad də kɥizin], kitchen brigade) is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as "kitchen staff" in English-speaking countries.

The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935).[1][2] This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen.

List of positions
This is a comprehensive list of the different members of the kitchen brigade. Only the largest of establishments would have an extensive staff of this size. As noted under some titles, certain positions are combined into other positions when such a large staff is unnecessary. Note: Despite the use of chef in English as the title for a cook, the word actually means "chief" or "head" in French. Similarly, cuisine means "kitchen", but also refers to food or cooking generally, or a type of food or cooking.

Chef de cuisine (kitchen chef; "chief of the kitchen" is responsible for overall management of kitchen; supervises staff, creates menus and new recipes with the assistance of the restaurant manager, makes purchases of raw food items, trains apprentices, and maintains a sanitary and hygienic environment for the preparation of food.[3]

Sous-chef de cuisine (deputy/second kitchen chef; "under chief") receives orders directly from the chef de cuisine for the management of the kitchen, and often serves as the representative when the chef de cuisine is not present.[3]

Saucier (saucemaker/sauté cook) prepares sauces and warm hors d'oeuvres, completes meat dishes, and in smaller restaurants, may work on fish dishes and prepare sautéed items. This is one of the most respected positions in the kitchen brigade.[3]

Chef de partie (senior chef; "chief of the group") is responsible for managing a given station in the kitchen, specializing in preparing particular dishes there. Those who work in a lesser station are commonly referred to as a demi-chef.[3]

Cuisinier (cook) is an independent position, usually preparing specific dishes in a station; may also be referred to as a cuisinier de partie.[3]

Commis (junior cook) also works in a specific station, but reports directly to the chef de partie and takes care of the tools for the station.[3]

Apprenti(e) (apprentice) are often students gaining theoretical and practical training in school and work experience in the kitchen. They perform preparatory work and/or cleaning work.[3]

Plongeur (dishwasher or kitchen porter) cleans dishes and utensils, and may be entrusted with basic preparatory jobs.[3]

Marmiton (pot and pan washer, also known as kitchen porter) in larger restaurants, takes care of all the pots and pans instead of the plongeur.[4]

Rôtisseur (roast cook) manages a team of cooks that roasts, broils, and deep fries dishes.[3]

Grillardin (grill cook) in larger kitchens, prepares grilled foods instead of the rôtisseur.[5]

Friturier (fry cook) in larger kitchens, prepares fried foods instead of the rôtisseur.[5]

Poissonnier (fish cook) prepares fish and seafood dishes.[4]

Entremetier (entrée preparer) prepares soups and other dishes not involving meat or fish, including vegetable dishes and egg dishes.[3]

Potager (soup cook) in larger kitchens, reports to the entremetier and prepares the soups.[5]

Legumier (vegetable cook) in larger kitchens, also reports to the entremetier and prepares the vegetable dishes.[5]

Garde manger (pantry supervisor; "food keeper") is responsible for preparation of cold hors d'oeuvres, pâtés, terrines and aspics; prepares salads; organizes large buffet displays; and prepares charcuterie items.[3]]]

Tournant (spare hand/roundsman) moves throughout the kitchen, assisting other positions in kitchen.

Pâtissier (pastry cook) prepares desserts and other meal-end sweets, and for locations without a boulanger, also prepares breads and other baked items; may also prepare pasta for the restaurant.

Confiseur in larger restaurants, prepares candies and petit fours instead of the pâtissier.[5]

Glacier in larger restaurants, prepares frozen and cold desserts instead of the pâtissier.[5]

Décorateur in larger restaurants, prepares show pieces and specialty cakes instead of the pâtissier.[5]

Boulanger (baker) in larger restaurants, prepares bread, cakes, and breakfast pastries instead of the pâtissier.[4]

Boucher (butcher) butchers meats, poultry, and sometimes fish; may also be in charge of breading meat and fish items.[5]

Aboyeur (announcer/expediter) takes orders from the dining room and distributes them to the various stations; may also be performed by the sous-chef de partie.[5]

Communard prepares the meal served to the restaurant staff.[5]

Garçon de cuisine ("kitchen boy") in larger restaurants, performs preparatory and auxiliary work for support.[4]

wikipedia: Brigade de cuisine

title: Culinary Arts/The Kitchen Brigade


text:
Culinary Arts

Table of Contents

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) The Kitchen Brigade
 * 3) Garde Manger
 * 4)  Hors D’Oeuvere and Canapés
 * 5) Synergy
 * 6) Menus
 * 7)  Formal Dining
 * 8)  Buffet Presentation

title: Culinary Arts


text:
User talk:Eddiem0710

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Eddiem0710!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

--Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 05:07, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Book structure
Hello, "Chapters" of books need to be created as subpages of the main book page, not as stand alone articles please. E.g., for a book call "Spam" with two chapters they should be named "Spam/Chapter 1" and "Spam/Chapter 2". Not "Spam Chapter 1" and "Spam Chapter 2", not "Chapter 1". Hope that makes sense. I have moved the ones you have already created, e.g., to Culinary Arts/The Kitchen Brigade. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 08:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Using Wikibooks
Hi. I've a long-term interest in fundamentally improving the wiki experience. Documentation is part of that (I intend to make wiki pages interactive, too, but that's a long-term project). I'm very interested in what, about starting a book (for example), you find isn't adequately documented by Using Wikibooks. We intend that book to be a central resource, and when it falls short, we want to know all we can about how it's failing so we can then work out how to improve it. (And yes, I also hope, in the long term, we can use this information to "grow" on-wiki semi-automated assistants to help with the various tasks involved, as an alternative to/parallel to Using Wikibooks.) --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 03:17, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I was thinking that at least a page that clearly showed everything that is commonly used with examples of what to type. If one has to sift through a lot of documentation to find something common they will be immediately turned off. I think if someone can see their idea quickly and easily coming into focus they are more likely to stick around. All the issues about policy and legality can wait until they feel comfortable.  I still haven’t figured out from trying to read docs and policy how to start with a Wikipedia page and turn it into a page or paragraph of my book, I.e., how to import it, where it is once imported, how to reference it.  I think I’ll start a page on this. it can be included as a page somewhere or turned into a dummies book if it good enough. At least we will have something to point to and growl about.Eddiem0710 (discuss • contribs) 13:30, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Sounds worth pursuing. The particular idea I've been pursuing is not entirely dissimilar; both tackle the weaknesses of documentation.  My thinking (for perspective and all, i.e., "fwiw") is that wikis were devised in the first place for just one thing, and it's the one thing they're good at: writing hypertext documents.  So naturally, when a wiki community is faced with the problem of passing on know-how about the wiki, from veterans to newcomers, they do it by writing documents, the one thing wikis are good at.  But "reading the instructions", or "reading the (fine) manual", is not a terribly popular way to figure out how to do stuff; it's a relatively high-overhead approach, and wikis are about making it easy to do stuff with a low price-of-admission.  The high overhead comes from having to set aside where you're actually doing stuff, to go study a document somewhere else and then go back to where you were actually doing it.  The alternative is to have some sort of interactive assistant —what used to be called a "wizard" although I haven't seen that term used much in recent years— that helps guide you through it (without ever forcing you do do things a certain way; unbounded flexibility is also part of the wiki ethos) with how-to information that is right there, immediately, where and when you're doing it, without having to go somewhere else to find it.  Further, these interactive things should be crowdsourced to the wiki community, for the same reasons that the primary content of the wiki is crowdsourced to the wiki community:  the wiki community are the ones who have all the knowledge that needs to be expressed, and it just does not work to have the people who know constantly petitioning some central authority (who doesn't know, except as small tidbits of knowledge are spoon-fed to them from those who do) who then makes all the detailed design decisions that go into such a system in ways that the people-who-know are subsequently required to laboriously petition to have fixed.  You want all the decisions, from the most sweeping to the most fine-grained, to be made by those who know.  And I'm hoping all that can become a reality if one starts (as a first step) by adding to wiki markup some simple provisions for interactivity. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:36, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eddiem0710


text:
User:Hk302001/sandbox

This Wikibook page presents a critical appraisal of the research article: “Scoliosis-Specific exercises can reduce the progression of severe curves in adult idiopathic scoliosis: a long-term cohort study”

This Wikibook page presents a critical appraisal of the research article: “Ashtanga yoga for children and adolescents for weight management and psychological well being: An uncontrolled open pilot study” (Benavides, S. & Caballera, J. 2009)

What is the background to this research?

 * In 2016 the | World Health Organisation recorded that more than 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese . This ever increasing prevalence has driven considerable research devoted to identifying non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical treatment methods for childhood obesity and the psychosocial impacts of such interventions.
 * Obesity, and the limitations it imposes (i.e. restricted mobility, joint pain and inflammation, social acceptance etc.) yield an unwillingness to participate in conventional physical activity . Therefore, activities which encourage movement and demonstrate positive physiological and psychological outcomes for obese populations are at the forefront of health related research.
 * The increasing rate of obesity in minority ethnic groups (Mexican/African Americans, Hispanics etc.) is a relatively unexplored field and is touched upon briefly in this article.
 * Yoga, an Indian form of meditative exercise has recently gained international popularity as a recreational activity . Specifically, Ashtanga Yoga uses regulated breathing to reach a meditative state . Numerous studies have investigated the benefits of Yoga on cardiac health, cardiopulmonary function and psychological well-being however little is known about the positive weight management effects of yoga for obese youth.
 * The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of Ashtanga Yoga for weight loss in youth at risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. Additionally, psychiatric symptoms were observed and measured in response to the intervention.

Where is the research from?

 * Both authors of this study are leading experts in the areas of pharmacy, paediatric obesity, diabetes and obesity related depression.
 * The senior author, Dr Sandra Benavides, is an Associate Professor of Paediatrics at Nova Southeastern University Department of Pharmacy Practice . Dr Benavides has published over 70 articles with much of her research devoted to paediatric obesity in Hispanic/Mexican-American populations.
 * The supporting author, Dr Joshua Caballero, is a board-certified psychiatric pharmacist with a Doctor of Pharmacy. Dr Caballero's interests and research surround paediatrics, depression and diabetes.
 * The research project was funded by the University of Texas, Pan American Faculty Research Grant however the sponsors were not involved in any facet of the study and therefore the results have not been influenced by bias.
 * The researched was published in the Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice Journal by Elsevier Publishing Company. Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice is a longstanding journal which presents high quality peer reviewed research on complementary therapies in an effort to promote safe and effective clinical practice.

What kind of research was this?

 * The research was an uncontrolled prospective pilot study . Uncontrolled studies are conducted in the absence of a designated control group meaning the effectiveness of the intervention cannot be directly compared . Whilst this places limitations on the research, it is not uncommon of pilot studies.
 * A Pilot study typically aims to assess the feasibility of future research and obtain guidelines for future full-scale study rather than focusing on the statistical significance of the results.

What did the research involve?
Fourteen participants aged 8-15 years (11.7 SD 1.5) participated in the study. Eligibility of participants was based on criteria outlined in Table One. Inclusion criteria was type 2 Diabetes risk factors as defined by The American Diabetes Association.

 * By opening the eligibility to ‘at least one’ of the inclusion criteria the researchers have somewhat invalidated their conclusion that "Ashtanga yoga may be beneficial as a weight loss strategy in a predominately Hispanic population" . Two thirds of the inclusion criteria does not require a subject to be Hispanic nor are the participants required to be overweight or obese, evidenced by baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) data ranging from 16.6-36.2kg/m2. Therefore, a portion of the population were categorised in the underweight (BMI <18.5) and normal weight category (18.5-24.9) . In order to develop more reliable results for subsequent studies participants should be screened against a more robust inclusion criteria with a mandated BMI window.
 * Additionally, the small same size of 14 participants potentiates skewed results due to the imbalance of age, gender and BMI. Increased recruitment of participants will reduce the standard deviation of results thereby indicating clearer feasibility of subsequent studies in this area.

 * The protocol involved three, 1.5-hour yoga sessions per week over 12 weeks. A discretionary attendance saw participants average a total of 33 hours across the whole study (72.9%).
 * A number of fasting laboratory analysis tests were conducted at baseline for all participants however these results were not presented in the article and therefore, comment cannot be made with regard to their influence on the intervention outcomes.
 * To measure baseline self-concept, symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, participants completed three Beck Youth inventories as shown in Table Two. These were conducted in the absence of parents.

What were the basic results?
Overall results for both weight loss and psychiatric symptoms were diverse and are summarised in Table Three:

 * These varied results complicate the findings of the study and limit the ability of the authors to make conclusive statements. However again, this is not uncommon of pilot studies and simply stands to direct future research in this area.

What conclusions can we take from this research?

 * These findings are consistent with similar projects evaluating the efficacy of physical activity interventions on overweight youth however other studies have presented more promising results pertaining to self-concept and depression. Therefore, this article does not place yoga favourably ahead of alternative childhood obesity interventions but rather poses an interesting premise for future studies.

 * Further research, employing more robust parameters of inclusion and methodology is recommended in order to accurately assess the effect of yogic practices on childhood psychiatric symptoms (i.e self-esteem, depression and anxiety).

title: User:Hk302001/sandbox


text:
Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effects of scoliosis specific exercise (SEAs) on Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis?

This Wikibook page presents a critical appraisal of a research article: “Scoliosis-Specific exercises (SEAs) can reduce the progression of severe curves in adult idiopathic scoliosis: a long-term cohort study”.

What is the background to this research?

 * Adult idiopathic scoliosis (ADIS) is a type of spinal disorder, in which the spine curves sideways in a C or S shape in skeletally mature patients with unknown cause.
 * It progresses slowly and affects both the appearance and function of the body, for example, worsening the degree of pain on spine, radicular pain. Once asymmetric load and degeneration of spine starts, it probably results a chronic degeneration and deformity. In extreme cases, it may affect the shape of the rib cage, hence, respiratory system.
 * Surgery is generally considered to be the only intervention that can stop curve progression. Some studies state that scoliosis-specific exercise other than SEAs and/or combined with therapy treatment, which are likely to stop or slow down curve progression of a patient with ADIS. There is, however, lack of evidence of SEAs for ADIS patients who refuse surgery treatment.
 * The aim of this research was to find out the effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercise-SEAs that might limit the progression of curves in ADIS patients.

Where is the research from?

 * The research was conducted in Italian Scientific Spine Institute (ISICO), that was founded in Italy in 2003. ISICO promotes and develops an innovative approach to the rehabilitation treatment of non-surgical diseases of the spine in individuals of all ages, from children to the elderly.
 * All seven authors of this study are leading experts in the area of physical and scoliosis rehabilitation, and are consultants in ISICO.
 * The researchers are Stefano Negrini, Fabio Zaina, Michele Romano, Sabrina Donzelli, Alessandra Negrini and Maria Gabriella Negrini. They have published combinedly over 900 articles, with much of their research devoted to scoliosis rehabilitation and medicine.
 * This research article is published in a journal named Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders (ISSN 2397-1789). It is an online, open access and peer reviewed scientific journal, which encompasses all aspects of research on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and cost-analyses of conservative and surgical management of all spinal conditions. It has been part of BioMed Central publications since 2006 and indexed in dozens of online search engines, such as PubMed and Scopus.

What kind of research was this?

 * Retrospective cohort study (also known as a historic study) is an observational study where the participants already have a known disease or outcome.
 * Retrospective cohort study is easier, cheaper and quicker than prospective cohort study. It can address rare diseases and identify potential risk factors. It aims to generate premises or associations for future studies rather than focusing on the result itself

What did the research involve?

 * Retrospective study is designed to analyse pre-existing data, and is subject to numerous biases as a result. When the observation period spans many years, it can be difficult to track subjects for the entire study. Subjects may disappear as a result of death, relocation, or loss of interest in the study.
 * There are two selection biases. First, subjects will probably be selected if they have the outcome of interest. Second, there is frequently an absence of data on the potential confounding factors if the data was recorded in the past. This may weaken the level of evidence collected. For example, if these patients have treatments with other professional practitioners at the same time that may affect the outcome.
 * There are two enrollment biases. First, there is a sex bias between men and women ratio. Often, this ratio does not match the real population of ADIS which may weaken the level of evidence collected. Second, there is an age bias which excludes of elderly aged above 50 years old. Convenience sampling may weaken the level of evidence further. Increasing in the recruitment of participants will reduce the standard deviation of results, thereby produce more reliable outcomes for subsequent studies.

What were the basic results?

 * Averaging of data makes evidence less valuable to patient, for example, telling a patient regarding the time necessary for stabilization of their spine which ranges from 1–18 years makes prognosis prediction irrelevant. For future studies, all patients of the study should be measured in a more accurate and objective manner.
 * Data shown in the article does not exactly correspond with the tables & figures, e.g., table 1 doesn’t show some types of scoliosis (5 thoracolumbar curves, and 2 proximal thoracic), and figure 1 only shows the results of 15, but not that of all 34 patients, this probably makes the reader confused. For future studies, all supplementary data have to be precise and consistence with the essay.
 * Additional information shown at the end of the result also makes the reader confused. For future studies, all information should be well-structured to increase the level of evidence.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
Positive: Negative:
 * Scoliosis Specific SEAS Exercises may be an effective treatment for ADIS patients who refuse surgery.
 * Retrospective cohort study is a good tool to start an initial study for preparing future expensive one.
 * This study shows a low level of evidence, as convenience sampling and selection biases (sex, age and confounding factors).
 * Averaging of data (e.g., the results of SEAs treatment differentiate from 1–18 years) makes the outcome of SEAs imprecise.
 * Data (e.g. graphs & tables) shown in the research does not totally correspond to the text.

Practical advice

 * Retrospective study should be used for an initial study.
 * A prospective cohort study prescribing SEAs exercise to patients with ADIS should be carried out after an initial study.

Further information/resources

 * Scoliosis information
 * Scoliosis Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
 * Glossary of spinal disorder


text:
User:Kurudi

kurudi

title: User:Kurudi


text:
Irish/Unit 2/Lesson 6

Love
Tá grá agam duit or Tá mé i ngrá leat = I love you Le gach dea-ghui = With best wishes

Discussing the Weather
Aimsir = Weather Conas atá an aimsir inniu? = How is the weather today? Tá an grian ag taitneamh = The sun is shining Tá sé ag cur/stealladh báistí = It is raining/"pouring" Feicim scammail sa spéir = I see clouds in the sky Beidh sé ag cur sneachta amárach = It will be snowing tomorrow Chonaic/ní fhaca mé réamháisnéis na haimsire = I saw/didn't see the weather forecast

title: Irish/Unit 2/Lesson 6


text:
User:Eddiem0710/Books

This is the books page.

Culinary Arts

title: User:Eddiem0710/Books


text:
Culinary Arts/Basics/Nutrition/The Basics/Water

Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; including urine and feces, sweating, and by water vapour in the exhaled breath. Therefore, it is necessary to adequately rehydrate to replace lost fluids. Early recommendations for the quantity of water required for maintenance of good health suggested that 6–8 glasses of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.[32] However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.[33] The original water intake recommendation in 1945 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council read: "An ordinary standard for diverse persons is 1 milliliter for each calorie of food. Most of this quantity is contained in prepared foods."[34] More recent comparisons of well-known recommendations on fluid intake have revealed large discrepancies in the volumes of water we need to consume for good health.[35] Therefore, to help standardize guidelines, recommendations for water consumption are included in two recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) documents (2010): (i) Food-based dietary guidelines and (ii) Dietary reference values for water or adequate daily intakes (ADI).[36] These specifications were provided by calculating adequate intakes from measured intakes in populations of individuals with “desirable osmolarity values of urine and desirable water volumes per energy unit consumed.”

For healthful hydration, the current EFSA guidelines recommend total water intakes of 2.0 L/day for adult females and 2.5 L/day for adult males. These reference values include water from drinking water, other beverages, and from food. About 80% of our daily water requirement comes from the beverages we drink, with the remaining 20% coming from food.[37] Water content varies depending on the type of food consumed, with fruit and vegetables containing more than cereals, for example.[38] These values are estimated using country-specific food balance sheets published by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.

The EFSA panel also determined intakes for different populations. Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for adults as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity.[36] Pregnant and breastfeeding women require additional fluids to stay hydrated. The EFSA panel proposes that pregnant women should consume the same volume of water as non-pregnant women, plus an increase in proportion to the higher energy requirement, equal to 300 mL/day.[36] To compensate for additional fluid output, breastfeeding women require an additional 700 mL/day above the recommended intake values for non-lactating women. Dehydration and over-hydration - too little and too much water, respectively - can have harmful consequences. Drinking too much water is one of the possible causes of hyponatremia, i.e., low serum sodium.


text: Culinary Arts/Ingredients/Meats

title: Culinary Arts/Ingredients/Meats


text:
User:HumbleBeauty/Proof of monism

This small booklet has been peer reviewed by Christopher Michael Langan (CTMU), and Jonathan Emerson (the G proof), and by numerous atheists and agnostics across the internet; such as on myspace religion and philosophy forum, facebook groups, and on paltalk.

sole Author: Mars Sterling Turner

Proof of monism asks two questions of us; 1. What epistemology is used in such a proof, and 2. what are the conditions which prove here some particular kinds of monism.

1. Rationalism (where you show something is a logical tautology or that it metalogically follows), and scientism (where you use facts as axioms to deduce scientific laws), and pragmatism (where you merely show the utility of something; that it is useful).

2.(substance, attributive, and partial) Monism can be demonstrated by proving that everything is made of one thing; nothing is made nothing and nowhere and at no time has nothing existed. (these are logical tautologies) and the contraposition is; everything is made of something and something has always existed everywhere. These refer to the same 'something'; and together suggest that everything is made of one thing that has always existed everywhere. QED

energy is eternal
proof; ∑E = Ek+Ep

Scientific Fact (1); Conservation of energy; energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

energy cannot be created

ergo by time reversal symmetry it is a scientific fact that energy never was created

ergo energy cannot be created, never was created, energy exists and yet cannot be destroyed,

ergo it is a scientific law that energy is eternal. Q.E.D.

some suppose the big bang created energy, then there would be a way to create or even destroy energy; go a head and try, let me know if you succeed

energy is omnipresent
proof; E = m c^2; immanence

proof; E = (ħ ω)/2; transcendence

Scientific Fact (2A); mass-energy equivalence; matter is made of energy.

Scientific Fact (2B); Vacuum energy or zero point energy; there is an amount of energy equal to (ħ ω)/2 in every single point in space.

ergo it is a scientific law that energy is everywhere present Q.E.D.

energy is all-power-full
proof; P = ∫ ∇ E dv

Scientific Fact (3); Power is the transformation of energy over space and time.

All expressions of power are transformations of energy

ergo it is a scientific law that eternal and omnipresent energy [S1 & S2] is all-power-full Q.E.D.

every field (electric, magnetic, gravitational) extends to infinity... so even if the field strength is lower then the quantum, it still exists and no doubt has an effect

energy is self-causal
proof;

Scientific Corollary (1); Every cause involves energy and every effect involves energy [S3]

ergo it is a scientific law that eternal and omnipresent energy [S1 & S2] is self-causal Q.E.D.

causal as in a process through time

It is a scientific law that monism exists.
Proof--It is a scientific law that energy is eternal and omnipresent [S1 & S2]. It is a scientific law that eternal and omnipresent energy is all-power-full, and self-causal [S3, Sc1]. Eternal, omnipresent, all-power-full, self-causal, energy is a monism. Q.E.D.

resolved paradox of omnipotence
Power is defined as the transformation of energy, not the destruction of energy. The inability to destroy itself does not contradict being all-power-full. Therefore energy cannot destroy itself.

To create and to lift both involve the transformation of energy. The monism is an infinite energy and a rock which has finite form cannot exist in an infinite substantial state. Therefore the monism cannot create a rock that it cannot lift.

Therefore the monism is natural.

Note; Resolving the omnipotence paradox as a scientific fact demonstrates the scientific proof has increased or clarified our understanding of reality.

This pragmatically proves that monism exists. QED

resolved problem of the non-physical
Define "physical";

By physical, does one mean 3-space local realism at no greater than the speed of light?

such that the following are non-physical;

(1) any spacial dimensions higher than 3

(2) non-locality and quantum entanglement

(3) superluminal speed and negative refractive index

Or by "physical" does one equivocate to mean "natural"?

The monism is natural.

dual aspect monism
so you have the physical and non-physical and both are made of the same thing

nothing is nothing... etc.
my rebuttal to ontological nihilism is these logical tautologies;

nothing is nothing, nothing equals nothing, nothing implies nothing, nothing has the property of nothing, nothing exists as nothing, nothing is the cause of nothing, nowhere and at no time has nothing existed, nothing is made of nothing, nothing is in nothing, nothing is nonexistence.

title: User:HumbleBeauty/Proof of monism


text:
User:Myselfrishi

Myselfrish

title: User:Myselfrishi


text:
User:Jetoiya moore

For an older adults male patient with prostatic hypertrophy must be given a catheter in order to obtain a urine sample.What is the best type of catheter to use,And is catheter why?

title: User:Jetoiya moore


text:
User:Dan-yell/Worksite/More Than Words - Traning Manual

Based on PDF Ebook "MORE THAN WORDS - Training Manual, integrating creativity in intercultural Training", 1st Edition, published as CC-BY-NC-SA on 14th of July 2020

Available online on issuu.com

Trainings from the Original Book: Index of the More Than Words Tools

 * 36 Three Images
 * 37 Language pairs
 * 38 I see you
 * 39 My name is…
 * 40 Image Theatre
 * 41 My name is… and I like, Part 1
 * 42 My name is… and I like, Part 2
 * 43 I am …
 * 44 I am … Poem
 * 45 Let’s go
 * 46 Circle of presentations
 * 47 Hello circle
 * 48 Relaxing Pantomime
 * 49 The Encounter
 * 50 The breath of the Circle
 * 51 Perform Arts
 * 52 We did so: traditional game of the past
 * 53 The village of personal needs
 * 54 Language learning with personal symbols
 * 55 Encounter of hands
 * 56 Lullabies
 * 57 Rhythms of life
 * 58 Everyday Labels (artistic outcome/ presentation exercise)


text:
Exercise as it relates to Disease/The effect of different modes of training on glycaemic control?

This article is a critical analysis of the paper: "Effects of a short-term circuit weight training program on glycaemic control in NIDDM"

What is the background to this research?
Exercise has long been identified as an effective therapy for treating diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have utilised aerobic exercise as a means of improving/preventing Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM, type 2 diabetes-T2D). This study looks to identify the effect weight/strength training (specifically Circuit Weight Training – CWT) has on patients with NIDDM. Evidence suggests weight training improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance similarly to aerobic exercise.

The table below presents background data from different exercise modality interventions examining similar diabetic indicators as those examined in this study.
 * Data: <0.20=trivial; 0.20–0.60=small; 0.60–1.20=moderate; >1.20=large. Small, moderate and large indicate magnitude of the benefit, ‘unclear’=evidence of a benefit is inconclusive.

A more complex understanding of the characteristics of metabolic and physiological changes that occur from resistance/weight training, allows the most effective exercise treatment to be prescribed to type 2 diabetics.

Where is the research from?
The article was published in the Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice international journal. By authors that hold esteemed reputations, having published over 1500 documents between them investigating insulin sensitivity, diabetic and cardiometabolic markers response to exercise. Such a wealth of knowledge is considered advantageous to a clinical health study.

Authors:
 * K.G Stanton - Diabetes and Endocrinology department.
 * D.W Dunstan - International Diabetes Institute.
 * L.J. Beilin, V.Burke and I.B Puddey - Heart Research Institute.
 * A.R Morton - Human Movement Department.

Support from the National Health and Medical Research Council is acknowledged, and no obvious biases exist regarding the configuration of this original article.

What kind of research was this?
The study was a prospective Randomised Control Trial (RCT). One group (n 11) were randomly assigned to the CWT intervention, whilst 10 control subjects were assigned for later comparison. RCT's are the most effective way of determining a cause and effect relation between the intervention (treatment) and the outcome (effect).

What did the research involve?

 * 21 diagnosed NIDDM subjects assigned to the CWT or control group.
 * Medical screenings and physical examinations conducted.
 * 8-week full body CWT intervention, 3 days/week.
 * Intensity - 50-55% 1 RM, 10-15 reps, 2 sets. Additional set added after 2 weeks.
 * Program midpoint (4weeks) strength (1RM) reassessed, training load adjusted.
 * Fasting serum glucose and insulin measured following 12h fast (OGGT -75g) before and after 8 weeks.

Critique of the methodology used
Firstly, of the 21 subjects involved in the study 15 were using oral hypoglycemic medication (sulfonylureas use reported). Sulfonylureas stimulates increased insulin secretion at all glucose concentration levels. Therefore, despite the exclusion of participants taking insulin, pre- and post-intervention measures of glucose and insulin may be jeopardised. Population demographic applicability is also narrowed in this study. Firstly, 51 was the reported mean age, restricting younger and older population applicability. Furthermore, participants were only chosen for the study if they reported less than 60 mins/wk. of vigorous intensity exercise in the last 6 months. Despite diabetes being common in sedentary populations, the response to increased exercise stimulus may differ significantly in T2D patients.

Perhaps most significant are the predictive claims made based on participants self-reported lowered blood glucose. Results were assumed to be caused by CWT and its effect on glycaemic control and insulin responsiveness, despite the collection and reporting methods being exposed to potential bias. A glucose clamp technique, for example, would have provided more accurate evidence and data. Predictive claims based on self-reported evidence should be avoided, especially given the exact effects/mechanisms CWT has on glycaemic control and insulin responsiveness remains relatively unknown. Finally, the program’s length means the findings are acute and despite CWT potentially inducing chronic beneficial T2D adaptations, further research is needed to support this claim, especially given participant adherence may decline.

Despite the possible limitations of the study there are strengths. The exercises employed in this study are like previous resistance exercise intervention studies that have improved glucose tolerance. Furthermore the OGGT (75gm) has been used previously to investigate the link between exercise and glucose tolerance/metabolism before and after exercise interventions.

What were the basic results?
Most notable change from baseline to post intervention: The implications drawn from study results is that a short-term CWT program improves glycaemic control in patients with NIDDM. However, despite potentially improving insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose response following glucose ingestion remained relatively unchanged. Authors comment on the potential mechanisms yet acknowledge the study doesn’t support those previously cited (decrease body fat, increase lean muscle mass). The study measured skinfolds and BMI (relatively unchanged) however, measurements of lean muscle mass and body fat may have been more advantageous to investigate the potential mechanisms of adaptation.
 * CWT reduced plasma insulin response to glucose ingestion.
 * Randomly allocated groups therefore, baseline measures differed between control and CWT group.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
Short-term CWT improved insulin response to a glucose load, however, insignificant improvements in glucose tolerance suggest potential weaknesses in data collection. The study acknowledges findings are acute adaptations and longer-term exercise interventions are required to examine the underpinning mechanisms and chronic effects of CWT on NIDDM.

Practical Advice
The implications of this research (1998) and more recent evidence suggest small physiological benefits to the lifestyle management of NIDDM despite the exercise mode (resistance, aerobic, combination). Furthermore, recent evidence suggests exercise intensity has little influence on diabetic management, despite most physiological adaptations being intensity sensitive. Therefore, exercise adherence, despite the modality and intensity is perhaps the most important factor responsible for inducing chronic beneficial adaptations in T2D patients. Exercise programming should be individualised, as individuals who may benefit the most from aerobic exercise often have the greatest difficulty performing it. Resistance training may be more achievable and therefore beneficial for individuals with severe obesity, arthritis and/or diabetic complications.

Recommendations for exercise interventions:
 * Conduct risk assessments and pre-exercise screenings.(https://www.essa.org.au/Public/ABOUT_ESSA/Adult_Pre-Screening_Tool.aspx).
 * Conduct relevant physiological tests.
 * Progress intensities following at least 2 weeks of training (discretion).
 * Monitor technique, physiological/health responses (test, re-test).
 * Group training and encouragement (create/maintain active lifestyle).
 * Combining the effects of exercise, diet and drug therapy will help better manage type 2 diabetes.

Further information/resources
If this article is of interest to you as a health practitioner see further resources below:
 * Heart and Diabetes Institute
 * European journal
 * Diabetes Care

If this article is of interest to you as a patient see further resources below:
 * Managing diabetes
 * What exercise can do?


text:
Irish/Unit 1

Fáilte (Welcome) to Unit 1 of Wikibooks Irish!

Unit 1 provides an introduction to the Irish language for students who have little or no experience with Irish.

Unit 1 focuses on the aspects of Irish that are hardest for English speakers to learn, and most damaging to start with bad habits: spelling and pronunciation. You'll also learn the basic building blocks of the Irish sentence and how the parts of the speech fit together. Unit 1 will introduce some key Irish vocabulary, but the focus will stay on the fundamentals of pronunciation, grammar, and syntax. Remember that each language concept introduced in Unit 1 will be repeated and expanded upon in Unit 2, allowing you, the learner, to concentrate here on the sound and feel of the Irish language and perfecting your pronunciation.

One of the most important ways to learn to read and pronounce Irish is to hear it spoken and to speak it yourself. The lessons will include links to pronunciation resources outside of Wikibooks, featuring speakers from all of the major Irish dialects. Please follow these links, listen, and try repeating each word aloud.

At the end of Unit 1, we hope you will have a solid foundation in Irish spelling and pronunciation, a small but useful vocabulary of common Irish words, and an understanding of the differences between Irish and English grammar.

Tosaímis! (Let's begin!)

title: Irish/Unit 1


text: Irish/Unit 2

title: Irish/Unit 2


text:
Irish/Reference/Spelling and Pronunciation

This page is part of the Wikibooks Irish Reference and Grammar, a comprehensive resource for information about the Irish language designed to complement the Wikibooks Irish course of study.

In each section below, follow the "Main page" link for more information.

Writing and Speaking the Irish Language
Modern Irish can be intimidating to native English speakers because its spelling and pronunciation, while relatively regular compared to English, can be non-intuitive. This starts with the alphabet itself.

The Irish Alphabet
Modern Irish is written with the Latin alphabet, just as English is. The major differences between the Irish and English are:
 * Irish generally uses only 18 letters, rather than 26
 * Irish vowels come in two forms, one of which is indicated by a sínead fada or acute accent.

Two older writing systems exist: Ogham, an early system of writing using marks carved in wood, bone, or stone, and Gaelic type, a modified form of Latin script still used in Ireland on some signs and other decorative contexts.

Spelling
While the alphabet may be familiar, the spelling often is not. Irish spelling is confusing in part because it encodes grammatical information. Once you become accustomed to this, seeing a word starting with "bhfh-" will become a useful signpost rather than an intimidating challenge.

Pronunciation
As with any language, there are sounds in Irish that are not found in English; some subtle and some more obvious.

Dialects
In Irish, an additional consideration is that three major and many minor dialects of the language exist, which differ in some cases in pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar.


text:
Irish/Reference/Grammar

This page is part of the Wikibooks Irish Reference and Grammar, a comprehensive resource for information about the Irish language designed to complement the Wikibooks Irish course of study.

In each section below, follow the "Main page" link for more information.

Grammar Topics:

 * Basic Sentence Structure
 * Grammatical Changes
 * Directions
 * The Article
 * Prefixes
 * Compound Prepositions
 * Nouns
 * Verbs

title: Irish/Reference/Grammar


title: User:Doctorxgc/sandbox/102texts


text:
User:מגזין יהלום

Hello, I'm on the Hebrew Wikipedia.

title: User:מגזין יהלום


text:
User:Calvin BlaqFallo/sandbox

Schedule 6

Gangster s Life.

title: User:Calvin BlaqFallo/sandbox


text:
User:Calvin BlaqFallo

Schedule 6

Gangster s Life

title: User:Calvin BlaqFallo


text: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence with Julia/About this Book


text:
Culinary Arts/Introduction

Culinary arts, in which culinary means “related to cooking”, are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. Table manners ("the table arts") are sometimes referred to as a culinary art. The ultimate goal of this art form is to create a dining experience. Expert chefs are responsible for producing this experience by preparing meals that are as pleasing to the eye as they are to the palate. To do this they are required to have knowledge of not only food science but also nutrition, diet and even a little psychology.

This book is about the fundamentals required to create that experience. We are going to explore the chef’s knowledge and techniques. A domestic chef, i.e., a non-professional culinary enthusiast, is unlikely to reach the level of a professional chef but we can learn enough to make our everyday dining an experience. This is one of those times where it is not about the destination but about the trip.

We will not be concerned too much about the professional environment except to see how that translates into making our kitchen functionally professional. Professional kitchens have a large staff with each person performing a definite set of tasks. In the domestic kitchen the meals are usually prepared by a single individual or at most a couple. Being a domestic chef means being literate in all the tasks that must occur to prepare the experience.

title: Culinary Arts/Introduction


text:
Building Haycocks/Aftercare

After the haycocks have been built in the fields and before they are gathered for hay to be transferred to a long term storage facility such as a hayshed or into a large hayrick there is need for ongoing maintenance and gathering. Especially at first the haycock will settle and shrink and ropes will need to be re-tightened, possibly within a day or top and especially if there are large winds. Ropes are re-tightened by pulling the rope taut and re-knotting/tucking over the original attachment point. Sometimes a top of a haycock can slide down and can simply be judiciously pushed back into position by judicious use of the pitchfork.

Should it appear the haycocks are not in a safe location, perhaps in a part of field susceptible to flooding, it may be wise to move them to a safer location. This will be done my equipment used for gathering as described in the next section.

title: Building Haycocks/Aftercare


text:
Exercise as it relates to Disease/Physical activity promotion for over 65s

PLEASE write a reference of the article you are critiquing at the top of the page.

What is the background to this research?

 * write whatever you need to for the assignment';

Where is the research from?

 * Is the location, or group, in which this research was conducted important to share?

 * Do the authors of the research have a track-record/reputation in the field?

 * Are there organisational/sponsorship links that may be a conflict of interest/bias the findings?

What kind of research was this?

 * What kind of study was it? Observational, an RCT, a meta-analysis?
 * Does the level of evidence from these, and other types of studies, differ?

What did the research involve?

 * Provide a lay summary of what the participants did in the study?
 * Was the methodology the best approach?
 * What limitations exist related to the important measures taken, or other aspects of the methodology (participant recruitment for instance)?

What were the basic results?

 * What were the important findings?
 * How did the researchers interpret the results?
 * Do they over-emphasis the implications of their findings?

What conclusions can we take from this research?

 * Provide your own insights on the conclusion (it may not quite be the same as the authors)
 * How do the findings align with other research in the area (in particular more recent publications that won't be mentioned in the paper)

Practical advice

 * What real-world implications does this research have? Examples might includes:
 * criteria for not exercising,
 * recommendations on what exercises to do, how to do them,
 * recommendations on monitoring and progressing exercises within specific populations,
 * considerations for encouraging physical activity within a specific setting, etc
 * Are there other considerations readers should know about before taking on this practical advice? Perhaps health/safety more information/resources?

Further information/resources

 * What further reading may interested readers benefit from?
 * What website, or online organisations, offer further information/support to groups that are linked to your assignment?
 * Consider the audience you are pitching this information for - are the links appropriate (e.g. links to research papers are probably not appropriate if the information is for patients, but it may be if it is for other allied health professionals)


text:
User:Puipuianunuibuangpuia1

7

title: User:Puipuianunuibuangpuia1