text:
Oberon/Introduction

Audience
A novice interested to learn computing from the foundations will appreciate the freedom from overwhelming and unnecessary complexity imposed by other systems. The more advanced user will find an efficient tool with complete sources allowing study in depth. The system engineer might adapt Oberon to specific requirements including automation, big data computing and data-intensive computing.

Typical usage progresses through these stages.
 * 1) Installation
 * 2) Configuration
 * 3) Production
 * 4) Bug repair
 * 5) Customization and development

The reader should install and use at least one Oberon system. An introductory course in programming is a beneficial preparation but not essential.

Most of the wiki boilerplate is eliminated in the "Mobile view" available with a link at the foot of a page. This is particularly helpful if taking a copy of a source Text.

System Characteristics
Oberon was developed as a stand-alone personal workstation and remains viable in that capacity. The system was designed to attain compactness, comprehensibility, efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, security and simplicity. The extreme compactness is immediately evident to a novice installing ETH Oberon on a bare PC. The complete system including applications, documentation, graphical interface, fonts and source texts was installed from ten HD diskettes. For the contemporary perspective refer to the following Use Cases.

An Oberon system comprises a collection of modules and this book presents one module per page. An example is Sort.Mod from ETH Oberon. Additionally there are Tool pages, each of which is a template of executable commands. An example is Sort.Tool. A system building Tool is a template for rebuilding the entire system, including system installer and module packages.

Educational Workstation
Oberon is used as a workstation OS in the course in System Construction at ETHZ.

Personal Workstation
Of all Oberon systems, ETH Oberon, V4 and A2 have the broadest range of application level development for a personal workstation. Nevertheless capabilities are limited in comparison to familiar commercial systems and Unix-like systems. By using an Oberon subsystem in one of these familiar systems, benefits are combined. The subsystem can be installed as an application such as UnixA2. Alternatively the subsystem can be a guest of a hypervisor as when ETH Oberon is hosted by QEMU. The subsystem can also be emulated; the Oberon RISC emulator being a prime example. Refer to the table of system variants.

A leading workstation machine development is at SkuTek Instrumentation. RiskZero and RiskFive machines are listed in the Computers section.

Embedded Control System
Currently a strong interest in Oberon development is in embedded systems. Astrobe provides a MS Windows based integrated development environment for producing Oberon source text and executables for industrial controls. Radiar uses the A2 Swiss Industrial Controller in a pigment blending system.

Comprehensive System
Systems supporting both software development and operational control are now available. Refer the Astrobe RISC5 Workstation and Oberon RTK.

title: Oberon/Introduction


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Oberon/Historical Perspective

Following development of the programming languages Euler, Algol W, Pascal, Modula and Modula-2, Niklaus Wirth proceeded to create the Oberon language (language report) with original release occurring in 1986. The language design was driven by the wish to design an operating system similar to the OS of the Alto and the insight that Modula-2 did not have the required language construct, which we would now call type inheritance. Wirth chose the other viewpoint and called it type extension. Beside other syntactic differences, which were mainly simplifications, type extension is the major difference between Modula-2 and Oberon. Having met at Xerox PARC, Wirth collaborated with Jürg Gutknecht to build a complete operating system written in the Oberon language. This system was also named Oberon. The distinction between language and system is usually obvious from the context.

In subsequent developments, small syntactical changes created various dialects of the language (Oberon-2, Component Pascal, Active Oberon, and Oberon-07), with compatibilities and incompatibilities. Variants of the operating system also evolved, again entailing small incompatibilities. The four most prominent of these OS flavors are With reasonable effort, incompatibilities can always be resolved to allow shift of source text from one system to another.
 * ETH Oberon (formerly System 3, S3) is written in Oberon-2.
 * V4 Oberon (aka Linz-Oberon) basically written in Oberon but with many extensions in Oberon-2
 * AOS (aka Bluebottle and A2) written in Active Oberon, and
 * Oberon V5, described in Wirth's Project Oberon, 2013 Edition and written in Oberon-07.

Beside being a stand-alone operating system, Oberon has been implemented as an emulated operating system atop other systems, decades before virtualization became a buzz-word. The most prominent of these emulated Oberon Systems was Oberon V4, which was implemented on top of SunOS 1 & 2, Ultrix, Irix, AIX, MacOS 7,8,9 (both 68K and Power PC), AmigaOS, TOS (Atari), OS/2, Microsoft Windows, HPUX, and (of course) Linux. Oberon V4 was sometimes also called Linz-Oberon, due to the fact that it was maintained by the group around Hanspeter Mössenböck, who joined the faculty at JKU Linz in 1994. But also System 3 was implemented on top of another operating system for MacOS (68K and PowerPC), SunOS (SPARC and x86), and Microsft Windows. A2 is running as an emulated OS on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Solaris (x86). In 2015 Peter Matthias revitalized System 3 under the name "Oberon Linux Revival" (OLR) as a multi-platform proof of concept running both in framebuffer-mode and in the X-Window System on X86, Mips, and ARM hardware under Linux.

Refer to the articles about the language and about the OS for further details and to find references to the extensive literature.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oberon/Historical Perspective


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Cookbook:Nigerian Bean and Yam Porridge

Beans and yam porridge is a classic Nigerian dish made of seasoned beans and yam, and additional vegetables. It is mostly consumed by Nigerians, especially in the south of the country.

Ingredients

 * Dried beans
 * Onions, sliced
 * Yam, cubed
 * Palm oil
 * Tomatoes
 * Ground crayfish
 * Panla fish (optional)
 * Bay leaves (optional)
 * Cooked chicken (optional)
 * Stock cube
 * Leafy green vegetables, chopped

Equipment

 * Pot
 * Stove
 * Knife
 * Bowl/plates
 * Masher

Procedure

 * 1) Pick over the beans to remove any dirt or debris.
 * 2) Wash the beans, place in a pot of water, and simmer for about 15 minutes.
 * 3) Add the onions and yam, and simmer for a few more minutes.
 * 4) Stir in the palm oil, tomato, ground crayfish, panla fish, bay leaf, cooked chicken, and stock cube. Cover and cook until the yam and beans are tender.
 * 5) Stir in the leafy greens, and cook for 5 minutes.
 * 6) Serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Bean and Yam Porridge


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Crime Fighting in The United States/Deterrence

In penology and criminology, deterrence is the concept that the threat of punishment deters people from committing crime and reduce the probability and/or level of offending in society. It is one of five objectives that punishment is thought to achieve; the other four objectives are denunciation, incapacitation (for the protection of society), retribution and rehabilitation. Its effectiveness has been widely studied by criminologists, who measure two factors: 1) the severity of the punishment, and 2) the likelihood of being caught. Read on to learn more about what's effective and what's not effective in combating crime.

Effective methods of deterring crime

 * Research shows clearly that the chance of being caught is a vastly more effective deterrent than even draconian punishment. Criminals are more likely to be deterred by knowing they are likely to be caught in the act than by the fact that the act will have severe consequences. For example, a bank robber is likely more deterred by the "likely to get caught" part than the "X years in prison" part.
 * The presence of police is also an effective deterrent. Their presence strengthens the criminal's perception of the certainty of being caught. As the severity of the punishment is shown to be ineffective as a deterrent, a new law that increases the severity of the penalty is unlikely to be effective at deterring crime. On the other hand, when it comes to deterrence of criminals, the presence of a police officer with handcuffs and a radio is scientifically effective without even trying.

Ineffective or inconclusive methods of deterring crime

 * The severity of the punishment is an ineffective deterrent. Prisons are good for punishing criminals and keeping them off the street, but prison sentences (particularly long sentences) are unlikely to deter future crime. Unfortunately, prisons may have the perverse effect. Criminals, while incarcerated, interact and communicate with fellow inmates, potentially learning new crime strategies from each other, and criminals, over time, may get "used to" prison, thereby becoming desensitized to the concept of being incarcerated in the future. Increasing the severity of the punishment does little or nothing to deter crime.
 * The death penalty has not been shown to deter criminals. According to the National Academy of Sciences, "Research on the deterrent effect of capital punishment is uninformative about whether capital punishment increases, decreases, or has no effect on homicide rates."


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Cookbook:Wara Soya (Nigerian Tofu)

Wara soya, also called Nigerian tofu, is a Nigerian delicacy made from soy beans. It is mostly eaten in northern Nigeria, where it can be eaten with stew, soup or any local dish.

Ingredients

 * Dried soy beans
 * Lime juice
 * Salt
 * Pepper
 * Maggi seasoning cube
 * Oil

Procedure

 * 1) Soak the soy beans in water overnight. Drain them and grind them well, either manually or with a blender.
 * 2) Sieve the ground soy beans, and transfer the liquid to a pot.
 * 3) Bring to a boil, and simmer 45 minutes to 1 hour.
 * 4) Add the lime juice without stirring. The wara curds should start to form. Cover the pot, and set aside for 1 hour off the heat.
 * 5) Place cheesecloth in a bowl or over the sink, and carefully pour the wara curds in. Fold the cheesecloth over the top, and press out as much liquid as possible. Place a tray containing a heavy object on top, and leave to drain for 4–5 hours.
 * 6) Cut the wara into pieces as desired. Season with salt, seasoning cube, and pepper.
 * 7) Fry the wara until brown, and serve.

title: Cookbook:Wara Soya (Nigerian Tofu)


title: User:AKK-700


text:
User talk:99.248.169.13

You cannot edit for 7 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 04:55, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:99.248.169.13


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User:Prabhasakshihindi

द्वारिकेश इनफॉर्मेटिक्स लिमिटेड की ओर से 26 अक्तूबर, 2001 को नयी दिल्ली में हिन्दी समाचार पोर्टल प्रभासाक्षी.कॉम की शुरुआत की गयी। प्रधान संपादक श्री गौतम मोरारका के नेतृत्व में आज यह समाचार पोर्टल देश भर के पाठकों के बीच काफी लोकप्रिय है। सूचना और प्रसारण मंत्रालय से मान्यता प्राप्त सेल्फ रेग्युलेटरी बॉडी "वेब जनर्लिस्टस एसोसिएशन ऑफ इंडिया" की सदस्य प्रभासाक्षी.कॉम का नया लुक तकनीकी लिहाज से अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानदंडों के अनुरूप तो है ही साथ ही यहाँ पर खबरों को पढ़ने, देखने, सुनने और सोशल मीडिया मंचों पर शेयर करने का नया अनुभव भी पाठकों को मिलता है। प्रभासाक्षी.कॉम का डेस्कटॉप वर्जन मोबाइल फोन पर भी आसानी से और तीव्र गति से खुलता है, पाठक हालाँकि चाहें तो गूगल प्ले स्टोर और एप्पल स्टोर से प्रभासाक्षी का मोबाइल एप भी डाउनलोड कर सकते हैं।;

द्वारिकेश इनफॉर्मेटिक्स लिमिटेड का लक्ष्य तकनीक का लाभ आम जनता तक पहुँचाना है और इसके लिए आईटी और मीडिया के क्षेत्र में कंपनी की ओर से काफी कार्य किये गये हैं। आईटी के क्षेत्र में कंपनी ने डेटा विश्लेषण, वेब डेवलपमेंट, सॉफ्टवेयर निर्माण, डोमेन प्रबंधन, वेब डिजाइन, वेब आधारित सुरक्षा तंत्र आदि के निर्माण का कार्य भी किया है।

मीडिया के क्षेत्र में कंपनी की ओर से कंटेंट गहन विश्लेषण के बाद तैयार किया जाता है और उसे तीव्र गति से पाठकों तक उनके लिए सर्वाधिक सुलभ फॉर्मेट में उपलब्ध कराया जाता है। कंपनी की ओर से ग्राफिक डिजाइनिंग, प्रचार, पब्लिक रिलेशन, विज्ञापन और प्रकाशन के क्षेत्र में भी सेवाएं प्रदान की जाती हैं।

हमारी मुख्य कंपनी द्वारिकेश शुगर इंडस्ट्रीज लिमिटेड के अलावा अन्य ग्राहकों के लिए भी द्वारिकेश इनफॉर्मेटिक्स लिमिटेड वेबसाइट डिजाइन, रखरखाव, अपडेशन आदि का कार्य करती है।

द्वारिकेश इनफॉर्मेटिक्स लिमिटेड की ओर से समय-समय पर जन जागरूकता के लिए विभिन्न कार्यक्रम भी चलाये जाते हैं। हमारे समाचार पोर्टल प्रभासाक्षी.कॉम की खबरें यूसी न्यूज और डेली हंट मोबाइल एप पर भी उपलब्ध हैं। देश भर से प्रभासाक्षी के साथ 100 से ज्यादा सक्रिय लेखक जुड़े हुए हैं जिससे कश्मीर से लेकर कन्याकुमारी तक की राजनीतिक, सामाजिक परिस्थितियों के विश्लेषण हमारे यहाँ प्रकाशित होते रहते हैं।

इस समाचार पोर्टल पर प्रकाशित सामग्री रुचिकर और पठनीय होने के साथ-साथ उच्च गुणवत्ता से भरी होती है। जहाँ इंटरनेट पर सनसनीखेज और अशालीन सामग्री की भरमार है, वहीं प्रभासाक्षी ने साफ-सुथरी तथा निष्पक्षतापूर्ण सामग्री के माध्यम से अपनी अलग पहचान बनाई है। यह पाश्चात्य संस्कृति का अंधानुकरण नहीं कर रहा अपितु भारतीय संस्कृति और भारतीयता का संदेश प्रसारित करने में भी तल्लीनता के साथ जुड़ा हुआ है।

देश के अनेक जाने-माने पत्रकार, लेखक, साहित्यकार, व्यंग्यचित्रकार आदि प्रभासाक्षी के साथ जुड़े रहे हैं। स्व. खुशवंत सिंह, स्व. अरुण नेहरू, स्व. दीनानाथ मिश्र प्रभासाक्षी पर नियमित कॉलम लिखते रहे। वर्तमान में श्री तरुण विजय, श्री राजनाथ सिंह सूर्य और श्री कुलदीप नायर जैसे प्रतिष्ठित स्तंभकार प्रभासाक्षी से जुड़े हुए हैं। तकनीकी दृष्टि से भी इस पोर्टल ने नए प्रतिमान कायम किए हैं, विशेषकर हिंदी भाषा में मौजूद प्रारंभिक सीमाओं तथा कठिनाइयों के बावजूद उसने गांव-कस्बों में रहने वाले नागरिकों के लिए उनकी अपनी भाषा में समाचार और विश्लेषण प्राप्त करना आसान बनाया है।

title: User:Prabhasakshihindi


text:
SAT Study Guide/Part 2 - The Math Section/Word Problems

A typical SAT has several word problems, covering almost every math topic for which you are responsible. Expect to encounter word problems on all sorts of topics, such as: consecutive integers, fractions and percents, ratios and proportions, averages, circles, triangles, and other geometric figures. A few of these problems can be solved just with arithmetic, but most of them require basic algebra.

To solve word problems algebraically, you must treat algebra as a foreign language and learn to translate “word for word” from English into algebra, just as you would from English into French or Spanish or any other foreign language. When translating into algebra, you use some letter (often x) to represent the unknown quantity you are trying to determine. It is this translation process that causes difficulty for some students. Once the translation is completed, solving is easy using the techniques already reviewed.

Consider the pairs of typical SAT questions in Examples 1 and 2. The first ones in each pair (1A and 2A) would be considered easy, whereas the second ones (1B and 2B) would be considered harder.

Example 1A
What is 4% of 4% of 40,000?

Example 1B
In a lottery, 4% of the tickets printed can be redeemed for prizes, and 4% of those tickets have values in excess of $100. If the state prints 40,000 tickets, how many of them can be redeemed for more than $100?

Example 2A
If x + 7 = 2(x − 8), what is the value of x?

Example 2B
In 7 years, Erica will be twice as old as she was 8 years ago. How old is Erica now?

Once you translate the words into arithmetic expressions or algebraic equations, Examples 1A and 1B and 2A and 2B are clearly identical. The problem that many students have is doing the translation. It really isn’t very difficult, and you’ll learn how. First, though, look over the following English-to-algebra “dictionary.”

Let’s use this “dictionary” to translate some phrases and sentences.

In translating a statement, you first must decide what quantity the variable will represent. Often, this is obvious. Other times there is more than one possibility. Let’s translate and solve the two examples at the beginning of this section, and then look at a few new ones.

Example 1B
In a lottery, 4% of the tickets printed can be redeemed for prizes, and 4% of those tickets have values in excess of $100. If the state prints 40,000 tickets, how many of them can be redeemed for more than $100?

Solution
Let x be the number of tickets worth more than $100. Then,

x = 4% of 4% of 40,000 = 0.04 × 0.04 × 40,000 = 64,

which is also the solution to Example 1A.

Example 2B
In 7 years, Erica will be twice as old as she was 8 years ago. How old is Erica now?

Solution
Let x be Erica's age now; 8 years ago, she was x − 8, and 7 years from now, she will be x + 7. Then,

x + 7 = 2(x − 8),

and

x + 7 = 2(x − 8) ⇒ x + 7 = 2x − 16 ⇒ 7 = x − 16 ⇒ x = 23, which is also the solution to Example 2A.

Example 3
The product of 2 and 8 more than a certain number is 10 times that number. What is the number?

Solution
Let x represent the unknown number. Then,

2(8 + x) = 10x

and

2(8 + x) = 10x ⇒ 16 + 2x = 10x ⇒ 8x = 16 ⇒ x = 2

Example 4
If the sum of three consecutive integers is 20 more than the middle integer, what is the smallest of the three?

Solution
Let n represent the smallest of the three integers. Since the integers are consecutive, the middle number is n + 1, and the largest of the three numbers is n + 2. Then,

n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 20 + (n + 1)

and

n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 20 + (n + 1) ⇒ 3n + 3 = 21 + n ⇒ 2n + 3 = 21 ⇒ 2n = 18 ⇒ n = 9.

The three integers are 9, 10, and 11. Party like it's September 10, 2011.

Most algebraic word problems on the SAT are not very difficult. If, after studying this section, you still get stuck on a question, don’t despair. In each of Examples 3 and 4, if you had been given choices, you could have back-solved, and if the questions had been grid-ins, you could have used trial and error (effectively, back-solving by making up your own choices). Here’s how.

Alternative Solution to Example 3
Pick a starting number and test (using your calculator, if necessary).

 * Try 10: 8 + 10 = 18, and 2 × 18 = 36, but 10 × 10 = 100, which is much too big!
 * Try 5: 8 + 5 = 13, and 2 × 13 = 26, but 10 × 5 = 50, which is still too big.
 * Try 2: 8 + 2 = 10, and 2 × 10 = 20, and 10 × 2 = 20. That's it.

Alternative Solution to Example 4
You need three consecutive integers whose sum is 20 more than the middle one. Obviously, [1, 2, 3] and [5, 6, 7] are too small; neither one even adds up to 20.

 * Try [10, 11, 12]: 10 + 11 + 12 = 33, which is 22 more than 11. A bit too much.
 * Try [9, 10, 11]: 9 + 10 + 11 = 30, which is 20 more than 10.

Of course, if you can do the algebra, that’s usually the best way, to handle these problems. Ongrid-ins you might have to backsolve with several numbers before zooming in on the correct answer; also, if the correct answer was a fraction, such as $$\frac{23}{5}$$, you might never find it. In the rest of this section, the proper ways to set up and solve various word problems are stressed.

Helpful Hint
In all word problems on the SAT, remember to circle what you're looking for. Don't answer the wrong question!

Age Problems
In problems involving ages, remember that “years ago” means you need to subtract, and “years from now” means you need to add.

Example 5
In 1980, Judy was 3 times as old as Adam, but in 1984 she was only twice as old as he was. How old was Adam in 1990?

 * C) 4
 * L) 8
 * I) 12
 * M) 14
 * B) 16

Solution
Let x be Adam’s age in 1980, and fill in the table below.

Now translate: Judy’s age in 1984 was twice Adam’s age in 1984:

3x + 4 = 2(x + 4) 3x + 4 = 2(x + 4) ⇒ x + 4 = 8 ⇒ x = 4

Adam was 4 in 1980. However, 4 is not the answer to this question. Did you remember to circle what you’re looking for? The question could have asked for Adam’s age in 1980 (choice C) or 1984 (choice L) or Judy’s age in any year whatsoever (choice I is 1980, and choice B is 1984); but it didn’t. It asked for Adam’s age in 1990. Since he was 4 in 1980, then 10 years later, in 1990, he was 14 (M).


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Palm Oil Boiled Yam (Ji Mmanu)

Palm oil boiled yam, also known as ji mmanu, is a typical Igbo food.

Ingredient

 * Yam, peeled and diced
 * Fresh palm oil
 * Salt to taste
 * Fresh chile pepper, blended to paste
 * Utazi leaves, shredded
 * Onion (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Cook the yam pieces in salted boiling water for a few minutes.
 * 2) Drain the yam pieces. Toss the yam with palm oil, salt, fresh pepper, and utazi leaves.
 * 3) Serve.


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Pepper Sauce with Beef and Eggs

This version of Nigerian pepper sauce (obe ata) incorporates beef and eggs for protein. It can be served with many starches, such as plantain, rice, or yam.

Ingredients

 * Red bell peppers
 * Scotch bonnet (habanero) chile peppers
 * Tomatoes
 * Onion
 * Palm oil
 * Onion, chopped
 * Fresh ginger
 * Garlic
 * Ground crayfish
 * Red chili flakes
 * Salt
 * Dried thyme
 * Fermented locust beans
 * Beef
 * Hard-boiled eggs

Procedure

 * 1) Blend the red peppers, habanero peppers, tomatoes, onion, ginger, and garlic to a paste.
 * 2) Heat the palm oil in a skillet. Stir in the chopped onions, and cook for a few minutes until the onions are softened.
 * 3) Stir in the ground crayfish, chili flakes, salt, thyme, locust beans, and beef. Cook for a few minutes.
 * 4) Stir in the pepper paste. Leave to simmer for another 5 minutes.
 * 5) Stir in the boiled eggs, and leave to simmer for a few more minutes.
 * 6) Serve with white rice, boiled yam, boiled potatoes and many others.


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Yam Porridge with Bitterleaf

Yam porridge with bitterleaf is a typical Nigerian dish containing yam and bitterleaf. It is a traditional way of preparing yam among the Igbo people.

Ingredients

 * Yam, peeled and cut into chunks
 * Water
 * Fish crumbs (aja azu)
 * Ukpaka (shredded oil bean)
 * Ground crayfish
 * Stock cube, crushed
 * Pepper, ground
 * Bitterleaves
 * Ogiri Igbo (castor seed paste)
 * Palm oil
 * Salt to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Rinse the yam, and transfer it to a pot. Cover with water, and simmer for a few minutes.
 * 2) Pick out the bones from the fish crumbs, and rinse them. Add the dry fish crumbs to the boiling yam.
 * 3) Add the ukpaka, crayfish, stock cube, pepper, and bitter leaves.
 * 4) Add the ogiri and palm oil. Cover the pot, and continue cooking until the yam is well done and the liquid is beginning to thicken.
 * 5) Add salt to taste, and stir. Cover and cook for few minutes.
 * 6) Serve.


text:
Template:Guide to the Godot game engine/toc

 * Getting started
 * Installation
 * What is a node?
 * Programming
 * Resources and importing
 * Signals and methods
 * Your first game

 * Making it work
 * Debugging
 * Input
 * Physics
 * Saving and loading
 * Multiplayer

 * Making it look good
 * UI skinning
 * Animation

 * Advanced help
 * Servers (singletons)
 * Platform specific
 * Optimisation
 * Encryption
 * Exporting
 * Plugins

 * Miscellaneous
 * Helpful links
 * Authors and contributors


text:
Template:Guide to the Godot game engine/bottom

 * Guide to the Godot game engine

back to top


text:
Talk:AQA A-Level Physics

Hi, I'm doing Physics A-Level this year and I was thinking about typing up my notes here. I'm quite new to this whole thing, never contributed to Wikibooks/Wikipedia before, so please do let me know if I get anything wrong. --LSeneca (discuss • contribs) 10:51, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:AQA A-Level Physics


text:
User:LSeneca

Student and web developer living in Surrey, England.

title: User:LSeneca


text:
User talk:LSeneca

You're more than welcome to drop me a message here and I'll try to reply as soon as possible! --LSeneca (discuss • contribs) 10:59, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:LSeneca


text:
User talk:123.201.0.7

--Xania   talk 11:40, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:123.201.0.7


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Pepper Snail Soup

| Cuisine of Nigeria

Nigerian peppered snail soup is a simple Nigerian soup. It can be served with any Nigerian swallow.

Ingredients

 * Snails, cleaned
 * Onion, chopped
 * Fresh pepper, chopped
 * Stock cube
 * Salt
 * Palm oil
 * Uziza powder (optional)
 * Utazi leaves, shredded
 * Nchu anwu (optional)

Equipment

 * Stove
 * Pot

Procedure

 * 1) Wash and clean the snails well.
 * 2) Place the snails in a pot, and cover them with water. Bring to a simmer.
 * 3) Add the onions, chopped pepper, stock cube, and salt to the pot of snails. Simmer for about 15 minutes.
 * 4) Stir in the palm oil, uziza powder, shredded utazi leaves, and nchu anwu.
 * 5) Serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Pepper Snail Soup


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Dry Fish Pepper Soup

Nigerian dry fish pepper soup is a spicy Nigerian dish. It can be served with any kind of Nigerian swallow, such as eba, amala, wheat, rice, yam, or white agidi.

Ingredients

 * Dryfish
 * Onion, sliced
 * Salt
 * Stock cube
 * Cameroon pepper
 * Uziza powder
 * Ground crayfish
 * Palm oil
 * Utazi leaves

Equipment

 * Stove
 * Pot

Procedure

 * 1) Wash the dryfish in boiling water.
 * 2) Combine the dryfish, sliced onions, salt, stock cube, and Cameroon pepper in a pot. Cover with water, and bring to a boil. Simmer until the fish is soft and the water has developed into a broth.
 * 3) Stir in the uziza powder, ground crayfish, palm oil, and utazi leaves. Add additional water as desired.
 * 4) Serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Dry Fish Pepper Soup


text:
Oberon/System Variants

The Oberon system runs directly on several machine architectures and as a subsystem in several host operating systems. Order of rows is approximately chronological. For each variant (row), a link in the second column leads to additional information.

title: Oberon/System Variants


text: Oberon/Licenses

title: Oberon/Licenses


text:
Oberon/Beginning as a Novice

The user interface of the Oberon System is quite surprising on the first sight. It is a so called text based user interface (TUI) and combines the point-and-click convenience of a graphical user interface (GUI) with the linguistic strength of a command line interface (CLI). It is closely tied to the naming conventions of the Oberon language. Any text appearing (almost) anywhere on the screen can be edited and can be used as command input. Commands are activated by a mouse-middle, MM, click on a text fragment of the form Module.Command (optionally followed by parameters, which are terminated by ~). A command is defined by a procedure, which has an empty argument list. Parameters to the command have to be defined before executing the middle click and must be explicitly scanned and retrieved by the procedure. There are no checks nor any questions asked during command execution. This is sometimes called a "non-modal" user interface (UI). Nothing like a command prompt is required. Although radically different from a command line, the TUI is very efficient and powerful. Active elements can be embedded in Oberon texts: a clock showing the current time, push buttons, or graphical elements visualizing data. Most user interface elements are realized with the help of documents. A steep ascent in the early learning curve can be somewhat challenging. No questions are asked: this is a deliberate design decision, which needs getting used to. For example, most familiar editors ask the user when closing a modified text: this is not the case in the Oberon System. The usage of the TUI and programming interface is fully documented in Martin Reiser's book "The Oberon System". A short introduction to the user interface can be found on Niklaus Wirth's home page. The later Versions of System Oberon, Oberon V4 (or V4 in short, sometimes also referred to as Linz-Oberon) and ETH-Oberon (sometimes also called Oberon System 3, S3 or Spirit of Oberon), enhanced the basic interface with different but incompatible implementations for buttons, drop down menus, and other active elements. V4 used for that purpose a dedicated control character embedded in normal text in contrast to System 3, which extended the kernel by introducing persistent objects. Both extensions include a large set of user interface elements.

Mastering the Oberon user interface, both the purely textual and also the so called Gadgets System (under ETH Oberon), is absolutely non-trivial. Therefore it is recommended to proceed after a successful installation of ETH Oberon to André Fischer's Oberon System 3 (ETH Oberon) Tutorial. An expanded version of this tutorial is published as a book, which is now out of print. Although the book has a standard copyright, it is available in electronic form under a single user license in every installed version of System 3 (Windows, Linux or Native, i.e. also with the Gadgets toolkit of OLR ). If you try to read it in System 3, you are confronted with the classical chicken and egg problem: You have to master the user interface to have access to the documentation of the user interface. Therefore some detailed instructions for reading "The Oberon Companion" – after a successful installation of the Oberon System can be found by opening the file Book.Tool with the command Desktops.OpenDoc. If this command is not present in any of the windows/viewers, which are opened by default when you start the Oberon System, you can click anywhere with the left-mouse button (ML) in any viewer and type the command. Then move the mouse over  and do a middle-mouse button (MM) click. This will open an new viewer with a table of contents of "The Oberon Companion". All lines with blue text are hyperlinks to the chapters of the book, which in turn can be clicked with the MM button so that the chapter will open in a new viewer. The license in Book.Tool gives the user the right to print a single copy for personal use. Good results in printing were obtained with a GhostScript based free PDF converter under MS Windows using PluginOberon but that should not be a prerequisite. If you want to print an open document in Oberon, i.e., the contents of a window (or viewer in Oberon terminology), you have to set the star shaped mark by hitting the F1 key (see Tutorial) and then issue the command  by a MM click on. In an Oberon command the * is not a wildcard, but symbolizes the marked viewer.

title: Oberon/Beginning as a Novice


text: Oberon/Computers

title: Oberon/Computers


text:
Oberon/FAQ

Also refer to the ETH Oberon FAQ.
 * Q. Why do some Oberon systems have a flat file system? Isn't a tree structured file system indispensable in highly productive (=8~/) contemporary environments?
 * A. The tree structured file system came into prominence during the 1950s and '60s when computer memories were miniscule in comparison to memories now available. The tree structure helped with organization of the operating system.  Typical memory access is far faster than file access.  With current hardware, a data structure can be composed and used in memory with much faster performance than a data structure in a file system.  With some focus on choice of meaningful names for files, most users will find the flat file system entirely adequate.  Also, an emulated Oberon subsystem can have access to a tree structured file system of the host.  Additionally, ETH Oberon running on a bare PC supports the  FAT16 and ISO 9660:1988 file systems, which are tree structured.  In reality, a flat file system in Oberon is a benefit rather than detriment.

 * Q. Are Oberon and A2 fundamentally the same while having different interfaces?
 * A. Both systems respect the "simple as possible" principle. Otherwise they differ widely.

 * Central in Oberon is the task loop implemented in procedure Oberon.Loop. A procedure installed in the loop without backgrounding, executes to completion in one pass of the loop. A long-running procedure can appear to the user as a queuing delay. During the long-running procedure, the only activity visible to the user will be output which the programmer has deliberately arranged. To avoid queuing delay, the programmer has the responsibility of implementing background execution. Backgrounding is achieved by dividing a large task into smaller portions which are inserted between other tasks in the loop.

 * Central in A2 is the active objects system (Aos). Processor time is allocated to active objects by time-slicing. This avoids queuing delay by limiting the time interval which a processor devotes to an active object. Time-slicing removes the responsibility for backgrounding a large task from the programmer. Refer to Wikipedia and the thesis of P.J. Muller, section 4.2.3, page 35.

 * A2 has many aspects and capabilities not in preceding Oberons. Refer to the mailing list at 2022-01-07.

 * Q. In ETH Oberon (or A2O) MM+MR opens a viewer with Edit whereas I prefer ET. How can that be fixed?
 * A. In ETH Oberon open TextFrames.Mod. MM on Edit.Open.

Edit.Open TextFrames.Mod
 * In the Oberon sub-system of A2.

Edit.Open Oberon.TextFrames.Mod
 * Change

OpenCmd = "Edit.Open"
 * to

OpenCmd = "ET.Open"
 * , MM on Edit.Store, recompile the module (TextFrames.Mod or Oberon.TextFrames.Mod) and reboot. TextFrames and all modules which import it could be reloaded but rebooting is simpler.

title: Oberon/FAQ


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Beef Shawarma

Beef shawarma is a Lebanese dish that has been adopted as a daily meal in Nigeria.

Ingredients

 * Onions
 * Garlic (optional)
 * Fresh ginger (optional)
 * Beef, sliced
 * Stock cube
 * Salt
 * Nigerian curry powder (optional)
 * Thyme (optional)
 * Vegetable oil
 * Pita bread
 * Cabbage, shredded
 * Carrot, shredded
 * Green bell pepper, sliced
 * Cucumber, sliced
 * Chile powder
 * Ketchup
 * Mayonnaise (Bama brand)

Equipment

 * Stove
 * Blender
 * Knife
 * Plate
 * Pot
 * Pan

Procedure

 * 1) Blend the onion, garlic, and ginger into a paste.
 * 2) Combine the beef and onion paste in a pot. Season with the stock cubes, salt, curry powder, and thyme. Add some water, and cook for about 15 minutes. Once done, stir and fry them in a pan of vegetable oil for 3 minutes.
 * 3) Open up the pita bread to divide it in two. Place one on top of the other.
 * 4) Gently spread mayonnaise over the bread on top. Add the cabbage, carrot, green pepper, cucumber, and cooked beef. Sprinkle with chili powder, and drizzle with ketchup and mayonnaise.
 * 5) Fold to seal the contents. Place it on a heated pan greased with some vegetable oil. Let the shawarma heat up on the side with the open flap. Flip and do the same for the other side.
 * 6) Serve when hot.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Beef Shawarma


text:
Oberon/Glossary

Also refer to the glossary in the Wikipedia article. 2.3.6, 2.3.7, release numbers of the last releases of ETH Oberon from the ETHZ. GofU, for A2, the file name extension denoting "Generic object file, Unix, x86, 32 bit". Refer to the A2 page. Active Oberon, the dialect appearing in system A2. Ref. Active Oberon. BRAM, Block Addressable Random Access Memory, as used in the FPGA machine. Columbus, a software tool in ETH Oberon used to inspect and modify gadget attributes and to add a new attribute to a gadget. Usage described in the tutorial. Definition ( or Module Definition), a summary of a module presenting constant declarations, type declarations, variable declarations and procedure headings. fixup, the conversion from address relative to the base address of a module, to absolute address. Refer to V5#Fixup and Extended Oberon#Fixup. fold, a functionality of Text in V4 and BlackBox documents similar to collapsible in HTML. Several folds in a file can be grouped by name and their state can switched together; this allows for maintaining multiple source versions in one file. Gadgets, software infrastructure in ETH Oberon providing graphical entities and a graphical user interface. Usage described in the Gadgets tutorial pages. gadget, an end-user object in the Gadgets system. A button is a simple instance of a gadget. A text gadget is a more complex instance. Inner core, a significant architectural entity in an Oberon system. Refer to System Startup. INTEGER, an integer type in most Oberon systems. Interclick, a click of a mouse button while holding another button. MM+MR below is an example. The mouse tutorial has additional details. When editing a Text at least six interclick combinations are meaningful. Juice, an alternative to Java based on a portable representation of the abstract syntax tree and on the fly compilation also known as OMI (see below). The source code can be found at Github and three forks of it (as of 11.Aug.2021). Ref. Juice. Lola-2, a hardware description language developed by Niklaus Wirth. Ref. Lola-2.

LDPSR, Load Processor Status Register, allows software to establish whether the processor can handle interrupts. Refer to https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/FPGA-relatedWork/RISC-Arch.pdf, Section 5, Interrupts. Discussion in the mailing list begins at 2021-03-30. LinzOberon, an implementation of V4. Ref. mailing list, 2020-11-28. LONGINT, an integer type in ETH Oberon. Synonymized to INTEGER in the current V5. LUT, look up table of FPGA. Referenced when quantifying the size of a FPGA device. ML, the left button of the mouse or a click of that button, depending on context. Ref. Mouse support and Mouse tutorial. Abstract meaning: specify a location. Example: locate an insertion point in a Text. MM, the middle button or the wheel of the mouse, or a click of the button or wheel, depending on context. Abstract meaning: invoke an action. Example: execute a command. MR, the right button of the mouse or a click of that button, depending on context. Abstract meaning: select an extent. Example: select a character sequence in a Text. MM+MR, a click of the right button while holding the middle button or the wheel of the mouse. MR here is termed an "interclick". In a Text, take the word under the mouse pointer as the name of a file and open the text editor on it. MR+ML, a click of the right button while holding the left button of the mouse. When editing a Text, select characters and delete them. ML+MM+MR, nullification of an inadvertent mouse click. MT, in ETH Oberon, the mouse type configuration string. MT, in V5, the constant address of the module table. native, modifies the name of an Oberon system to indicate that it is installed on bare hardware; distinguishing from a subsystem such as UnixA2 installed atop a host system. Oberon.Text, a file in ETH Oberon and in A2O specifying system configuration. Oberon Trilogy, the three books Programming in Oberon, The Oberon System and Project Oberon; the first three books in the bibliography.

OMI/Slim binary (Oberon Module Interchange), a mechanism created by Michael Franz and Thomas Kistler allowing efficient portability of any module between differing systems. The language from this work was named Juice. Compare with Apple Fat binary. Slim binaries are mentioned in compilers page in the section "Compiler deployment in ports no longer updated". Outer core, a significant architectural entity in an Oberon system. Refer to System Startup. .odc, the conventional file name extension for a BlackBox/Oberon-F file (short for Oberon DoCument) quite similar internally to Oberon Text format.

(** any comment *), appears in some module sources. It means that any comment is an exported comment. A tool named Def produces a module interface file with this comment included, thus enhancing internal documentation. PICL, a programming language for the PIC microcontrollers. Ref. PICL.

(** portable *), this comment in ETH Oberon marked a module where OMI/Slim binary code was portable across platforms. More generally, it means there were no SYSTEM dependencies or machine specificities. This exported comment appears in the documentation created by the above mentioned browser, Def, which was integrated into a tool called Watson in ETH Oberon. Registry, the content of Oberon.Text specifying file system aliases, sound adapter parameters, LinkSchemes, MIME types and etc. SB, in V5, the static base address. The base address for variables in the current module. SHORTINT, an integer type in ETH Oberon. Not in V5. SIZE, a signed integer type pertaining to memory address in A2. The difference of two addresses can be negative. New numeric types appeared in rev.9475. SP, in V5, the stack pointer address. Symbol file, a linearized excerpt of the symbol table of the compiler. The file contains descriptions of all exported objects. Ref. section 12.6.2 of Project Oberon, 2013 Edition. See also Symbol table in the Wikipedia. Watson, a tool capable of extracting a module definition from a definition file, module file, module Text or object file. Usage described in the tutorial. WTS, Write To Script, refers to Write and Script variants of Text document and conversion of a Write Text to a Script Text. Write is in V4 and Script is in ETH Oberon.

=Footnotes=

title: Oberon/Glossary


text:
Category:Snail recipes

This category lists recipes containing Snail as an ingredient.

title: Category:Snail recipes


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:6DA8:281A:EB33:9EF0

Farm to Museum in More Languages has been deleted. Please stop creating pages which are nothing more than lists of words. This is not the place for such material. You will be blocked if you continue doing this.--Xania   talk 14:54, 2 June 2022 (UTC)


text:
User:Busybee1812/sandbox

 How to make Movie night Pop-Corn

Pop-Corn is an African snack made from dried seeds of yellow corn kernels fried in oil or butter.

Ingredients..

 * Corn Kannels 3 cups
 * Vegetable oil or Butter 1 cup
 * Sugar 1 and half cup
 * Salt 1 tea spoon
 * Powdered Milk or Non Dairy creamer 5 table spoons
 * Vallina Flavor (Optional)

 Procedure :

 * Put a big saucepan that has a cover on fire, allow any water in the pan to dry out.
 * Add your Vegetable oil or butter and allow to melt using  low heat, add your corn kannels, and stir continuously while adding your sugar, salt, and powdered milk.
 * Give it a good stir and cover while increasing the flames to medium heat.
 * Allow to pop until no popping sounds is heard,
 * Shake the saucepan to be sure all karnels are well popped and then pour out into a tray or colander.
 * Serve your Pop Corn with any soft drink of choice. This recipe can serve a minimum of six people.

title: User:Busybee1812/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Sweet Corn Chicken Soup

Sweet corn chicken soup is a simple soup.

Ingredients

 * Corn kernels
 * Cornstarch
 * Chicken
 * Cream
 * Black pepper
 * Salt
 * Egg, beaten
 * Vegetables

Equipment

 * Stove
 * Pot
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) Boil and drain the corn.
 * 2) Mix the cornstarch with a little water to make a slurry.
 * 3) Place the chicken in a pot, and cover with water. Simmer until the chicken is cooked through.
 * 4) Remove and cool the chicken, then shred the meat.
 * 5) Return the shredded chicken to the broth along with the corn, cream, pepper, salt, cornstarch slurry, and egg. Simmer gently for a minute.
 * 6) Serve hot, garnished with vegetables.

title: Cookbook:Sweet Corn Chicken Soup


text:
Cookbook:Stir-Fried Chicken Spaghetti

Stir-fry chicken spaghetti is a combination of cooked chicken and drained spaghetti. It's a dish you will find in every Nigerian restaurant.

Ingredients

 * Vegetable oil
 * Onion, chopped
 * Fresh ginger, minced
 * Garlic, minced
 * Stock cubes
 * Curry powder
 * Thyme
 * Red bell pepper, sliced
 * Green bell pepper, sliced
 * Chicken, cut into bite-sized pieces
 * Salt to taste
 * Uncooked spaghetti pasta
 * Chicken stock

Equipment

 * Frying pan
 * Cooking knife
 * Stove
 * Pot
 * Cooking spoon

Procedure

 * 1) Heat a thin layer of vegetable oil in a pan. Add the onion, ginger, and garlic, then cook for 2 minutes.
 * 2) Add half of the stock cubes, curry powder, thyme, and bell peppers. Cook for another 2 minutes, then remove from the pan and set aside.
 * 3) Add the chicken pieces to the hot pan, and sear on all sides.
 * 4) Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil, and add the spaghetti.
 * 5) Season the chicken pieces with salt and remaining stock cube, and cook for about 7 minutes or until the chicken is cooked through.
 * 6) Stir the cooked vegetables into the chicken. Add some chicken stock, and cook for about 6 minutes.
 * 7) When the spaghetti is cooked, drain it and add it to the chicken and vegetables. Toss well, and serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Stir-Fried Chicken Spaghetti


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Tovertafel 2

History
The Tovertafel 2 is the successor to the original Tovertafel console.

The Tovertafel 2 launched around 2021.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/WOWCube

Development
The concept for the system originated in 2016. The system was developed by a startup in San Rafael, California, which was spearheaded by Savva and Ilya Osipov.

Preorders opened on January 11, 2021. The number of preorders for the device reached 155,000 by August 30, 2021.

CubiOS 0.1 v0.7.0-dirty was built February 7 2022.

By March 31st, 2022 an SDK for the system was available to developers.

The initial cost of the system was $250.

Technology
Because the WOWCube uses a fairly unorthodox formfactor and user interface, it's underlying electric and compute subsystems are also relatively distinct from other consoles of the era.

Compute
The system uses 8 independently and autonomously operating computers, each with their own CPU, that communicate through 96 of a total 144 neodymium ball magnetic and small current connections.

Individual Module Computer Specifications
Every module is based on a STM32F405 microcontroller, which contains an ARM Cortex-M4 architecture 32-bit processor clocked at 168 megahertz. Each module has 192 of main RAM, and 8 megabytes of flash storage.

Software
The system runs a custom operating system "CubiOS", which is a name shared by the company that developed the system. The official SDK encouraged developers to use the "Pawn" programming language for game logic.

Hardware

The system resembles a 2x2 simplified Rubik's Cube, incorporating screens on external faces of the device.

The system used 24 OLED displays, with each module sporting 3 displays. Early prototypes instead used "IPS TFT" panels. These early prototype panels had a resolution of 240x240 pixels, were sized at 1.56" and had a Gorilla Glass protected front.

For input the system sported an accelerometer, as well as a 6-axis gyroscope.

The system is powered with 5 volt electricity at 3 amps. The system charges via a USB-C port and battery life lasts between 2-5 hours. Every module contained a battery with a capacity of 540 miliamp hours.

The system weighed in at 410 g, and measured "68 mm".

Hardware schematics were meant to be published, with the intent of allowing individuals to build their own non-commercial systems.

Games

 * Space Invaders Cubed


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Gameboard

History
The Gameboard was developed by "The Last Gameboard", a startup company based in Larimer Square of Denver, Colorado.

The system was demonstrated at 10 GameStop locations in mid-2022.

The system had a projected launch price of $799 USD with a projected launch date of December 2022.

Display
The display measured either 17 in or 16 in square. This display had a a resolution of 1920 pixels by 1920 pixels.

Connectivity
Up to four Gameboards could be connected together for expanded multiplayer capabilities.


text:
Cookbook:Simple Flatbread

Ingredients

 * All-purpose flour

 * Water
 * Vegetable oil

Procedure

 * 1) Take 2 handfuls of flour and put in a bowl. Using a spoon, make a well in the middle.
 * 2) Fill the well halfway with vegetable oil and the other half with water.
 * 3) Fold in the flour and mix until a dough comes together in the bowl.
 * 4) Let rest for 1 hour.
 * 5) Divide dough into 4 parts. Taking 1 piece of dough, flatten it with your palms and then stretch the dough until it is thin as a tissue.
 * 6) Cook on a pan or other hot surface until small to medium bubbles appear on the surface.
 * 7) Flip onto other side (with your hand or spatula) to let cook for 30–40 seconds more.
 * 8) Repeat cooking steps until all the dough is used up.

title: Cookbook:Simple Flatbread


text:
User talk:76.171.51.127

A page you created,, has been moved to Cookbook:Simple Flatbread. Cookbook recipes should be created in the Cookbook namespace.--Xania   talk 01:30, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:76.171.51.127


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:F4C8:9568:B292:1D19

You cannot edit for 1 week due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

You, and other IP addresses associated with these pages, have been warned repeatedly that the pages you are creating are not suitable for Wikibooks. Future page creations will be immediately deleted and IP addresses or users will be blocked from editing.--Xania   talk 01:34, 3 June 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:153.107.32.190

--Xania   talk 03:10, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:153.107.32.190


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Sega Zone

History
The system was set to be released in summer of 2010 in the United Kingdom.

Technology
The system used a motion controller which was wireless.

Games
The system played built in games, including some Mega Drive games.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/New Wave Z400S

History
The J.Cock New Wave Z400S was a gambling oriented handheld or small tabletop sized console.

The system dates back to at least 1991.

It is said that this console was used primarily by tourists between 1992 and 1995 while on charter flights from Tokyo to Las Vegas.

Technology
It is speculated that the console is based on the Turbo Duo.

Audio-Video
A tube backlit color 4" display is integrated into the console. This display had effective viewing dimensions of 8.19 cm by 6.18 cm. The display had a resolution of 479 by 234 pixels.

The system had a headphone jack and a volume slider to the left side of the player. Built in audio output consisted of twin speakers.

Hardware
Individual cartridges houses the controls used for play.

The system could be powered via a 12 volt DC input jack, or via one of two (potentially rechargeable) batteries shipped with the system. Power draw was 9.6 watts at 0.8 amps.

The system had three total key based locks. Credits could be added via hidden buttons. Difficulty could be adjusted via 3 player inaccessible DIP switches on the bottom of the unit, with 8 switches each, for 24 different toggles.

The system had a gross weight of 3.5 kg and measured 170 mm wide, by 300 mm high, by 140 mm deep. The system was designed to survive temperatures as low as -20°C and as high as 60 °C, but could only be used at temperatures of 0 °C to 40 °C The system was made in Japan.

Games

 * Poker Wave


text:
Guide to the Godot game engine/Programming/GDScript/Making nodes

Making new nodes can be easy or hard, depending on the planned node. Some will just require this guide, some will benefit from being introduced with an entire plugin. This guide will assume the former.

Write this code:

The  tells the engine to run   whenever you try to change. In this particular example, you cannot empty it. Because of the, this runs even if you change the value in the inspector.

The  tells the engine to add the script to the add node popup, add it to the auto-correction list and to allow you to instance it with.


text:
Cookbook:Plantain Mosa (Nigerian Plantain Fritters)

Plantain mosa are a type of Nigerian fritter made from plantains. It is frequently served as small chops (finger foods) at social gatherings, such as parties and weddings.

Ingredients

 * Yeast (fresh or active dry)
 * Warm water
 * All-purpose flour
 * Plantain
 * Salt
 * Vegetable oil

Equipment

 * Stovetop
 * Pot
 * Aluminum foil
 * Bowl
 * Spatula

Procedure

 * 1) Combine your desired quantity of yeast with the warm water and a small pinch of flour, ensuring there are no lumps. Cover and let sit until foamy.
 * 2) Peel the plantain with a knife, and mash it until almost smooth.
 * 3) Combine flour and salt in a bowl. Mix well to combine.
 * 4) Stir the yeast mixture into the flour mixture. Stir in the mashed plantain with a spatula. Cover with aluminum foil, and keep in a warm place for about 20 minutes until increased in volume.
 * 5) Heat enough vegetable oil in a pot for deep-frying, aiming for a temperature of 350–375°F.
 * 6) Scoop some of the batter with your fingers, and place it in the heated vegetable oil. Stir and fry until golden brown on all sides.
 * 7) Remove the mosa from the oil, and drain away any excess.
 * 8) Serve.


text:
Oberon/Booting

Brief remarks here are intended to guide the student toward study of the authoritative references.

V2
For V2 running on a Ceres machine, system startup and the core are described in sections 14.1 and 14.2 of |Project Oberon, 1992(PDF).

ETH Oberon
In ETH Oberon, the inner core comprises basic operating system functions including storage management, file system, loader, compiler and etc. The outer core comprises management of display, keyboard and mouse. Inner and outer cores together are somewhat comparable to the kernel of a Unix-like system. Structure of the sytem can be understood from the system building tool, Native.Tool.

V5
From Joerg Straube in http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2021/015938.html, "The functionality of UEFI is somewhat comparable to BootLoad.Mod in FPGA Oberon. BootLoad resides in ROM and is the first code the RISC-5 CPU executes after power up. It loads the inner core from disk to address 0000 and jumps to 0000.

The inner core then loads the outer core. And the outer core loads the Oberon system."

In V5, Project Oberon, the inner core comprises only the modules Kernel (memory mgmt, disk storage mgmt, traps, timer), FileDir (directory handling), Files (File handling) and Modules (module loading). The authoritative exposition is in sections 14.1 and 14.2 of Project Oberon, 2013 Edition(PDF).

Multi-booting
ETH Oberon, A2 and other systems working directly on x86 hardware offer the further possibility of multiple operating systems requiring boot management. Boot Manager was written by André Fischer according to Oberon principles and is now maintained in the SVN repository at the ETH. These pages have additional information.
 * Using a boot manager, with application to ETH Oberon, predating Boot Manager.
 * André Fischer's instructions for Boot Manager.
 * In contemporary PCs GPT and UEFI have complicated the subject further. Contributions to the documentation are welcome.

title: Oberon/Booting


text:
Oberon/Potential Developments

 * A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a public server.
 * A TUI for A2.
 * Improved support of Unicode.
 * In ETH Oberon, Huffman coding in JPEG.
 * Improved HTML support in ETH Oberon and A2. Support for styling and tables, for example.
 * In ETH Oberon, PNG.
 * In ETH Oberon, SSL based upon the cryptography modules.
 * Touchscreen support.

title: Oberon/Potential Developments


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:405F:A6D:5F48:5F4B

You cannot edit for 7 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

Please stop creating the same pages, or similar pages. They are not suitable for Wikibooks.--Xania   talk 13:40, 3 June 2022 (UTC)


text:
Oberon/References

References have been incorporated into the Oberon Bibliography.

title: Oberon/References


text:
Oberon/Support

 * http://cas.inf.ethz.ch/projects/a2/: bug tracker, language documentation and etc. primarily for A2. The foregoing http://www.ocp.inf.ethz.ch/wiki/OCP/Home has been decommissioned.
 * ETH Hall of Fame and additional contributors.
 * ETH Oberon Site Map. Formerly hosted at ETHZ and primarily addressing ETH Oberon and preceding systems.
 * The Oberon mailing list: https://lists.inf.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/oberon

title: Oberon/Support


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Mega Drive Mini 2

History
The Mega Drive Mini 2 is predated by the 2019 Mega Drive Mini.

On May 27, 2022 the console was hinted at with a tweet featuring a photo of a Mega Drive controller themed cake.

The console was formally announced on June 3, 2022. A planned Japanese release date of October 27, 2022 was given. The given launch price of the system in Japan was 9,980 Japanese yen.

Games
The console supported playing built in Sega CD games.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/OneXPlayer

History
A OneXPlayer Mini was released.

Technology
The console uses an Intel i7 1185G7 CPU.

The devices shipped with Windows, though SteamOS was considered as an operating system.


text: Salom, Jonatan!/Printable version

title: Salom, Jonatan!/Printable version


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Maikon Mahjong

History
The Maikon Mahjong (マイコン麻雀) was a dedicated console that was sold by the Nippon Mail Service (日本メールサービス).

The system was released in 1982. The system cost 48,800 Japanese Yen.

Technology
The system contained 1 kilobyte of RAM and 1 kilobyte of VRAM.

The system contained a 16 kilobyte program.

The system output monochrome graphics.

A 11.0592 Megahertz crystal oscillator is used in the system.

External Resources

 * Japanese Wikipedia article mentioning the console briefly in a listing


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Barbecued Fish

Nigerian barbecued fish is a spicy seafood dish from Nigeria.

Ingredients

 * Whole fish
 * Pepper
 * Garlic
 * Ginger
 * Onion
 * Seasoning cube
 * Suya spice
 * Green bell pepper
 * Red bell pepper
 * Vegetable oil

Equipment

 * Knife
 * Bowl or other container
 * Grill
 * Blender
 * Tongs or spatula

Procedure

 * 1) Clean and gut the fish well, scaling it and removing the gills.
 * 2) Blend together the pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, seasoning cube, suya spice, bell peppers, and vegetable oil to make a marinade.
 * 3) Submerge the fish in the marinade, making sure it is well-coated inside and out. Let marinate for 1–2 hours.
 * 4) Heat a grill grate, and grease with oil. Add the fish and cook, flipping and applying marinade, until well-cooked (up to about 30–45 minutes).
 * 5) Serve hot with extra onion and green bell pepper.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Barbecued Fish


text:
Grammar and Syntax/Die vs. end

This is going to be your guide for properly distinguishing between when to use "die" and when to use "end". Both words have similar meanings. They are intransitive verbs that show that something is no longer alive, functional, or existent. However, it is important to know the difference between the two words. Read on to learn more.

Difference between "die" and "end"
You use "die" and "dead" to describe living humans and other animals, as well as plants and other living things, when they cease to live. The word "kill" means to cause the death of a living being. Die is a verb, dead is an adjective, and kill is a verb.

You use "end" and "over" to describe inanimate things such as tragedies, dates, years, and computer bugs and glitches. The words "fix" and "solve" mean to cause the resolution of a problem or glitch. End is a verb, over is an adjective, and fix and solve are verbs.

Examples and explanations
Living beings die. Living beings can be killed.

When writing about the Boston Marathon bombing of April 15, 2013, it is correct to write, "Martin Richard, an 8-year-old boy, was killed in the attack", or "Martin Richard, an 8-year-old boy, died in the attack". It is incorrect to say that Martin "ended" in the attack. He is "dead", not "over".

Problems end. Captivity ends. The year 2015 is over. Glitches can be fixed.

When writing about the 10-year period of captivity and bondage that Amanda Berry endured at the hands of Ariel Castro at 2207 Seymour Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, it is correct to say that the captivity ended on May 6, 2013. It is incorrect to say that the captivity "died" on May 6, 2013.

Remember, people, animals, and plants are born, live some time, and die. Situations, glitches, bugs, ordeals, and problems start, last some time, and end.

 * Example 1: "Martin Richard ended on April 15, 2013." This statement is incorrect because Martin Richard is a person, and people are living beings.
 * Example 2: "Martin Richard died on April 15, 2013." This statement is correct because it correctly uses "died" to describe Martin's untimely death at the hands of two terrorist bombers.
 * Example 3: "Amanda Berry's 10-year captivity was born on April 21, 2003, and it died on May 6, 2013." This statement is incorrect because the captivity was an event, not a living being.
 * Example 4: "Amanda Berry's 10-year captivity started on April 21, 2003, and it ended on May 6, 2013." This statement is correct because it correctly uses "started" and "ended" to describe an inanimate time period.
 * Example 5: "The Lumiose City glitch was killed on October 25, 2013, two weeks after the release of Pokémon X and Y." This statement is incorrect because glitches are not living beings.
 * Example 6: "The Lumiose City glitch was fixed on October 25, 2013, two weeks after the release of Pokémon X and Y." This statement is correct because it correctly uses "fixed" to describe a glitch, which is a problem, not a living being.
 * Example 7: "The year 2019 is dead." This statement is incorrect because 2019 is a year, not a living being.
 * Example 8: "The year 2019 is over." This statement is correct because it correctly uses "over" to describe a year, which is a time period, not a living being. Every year begins on January 1 of that year and ends on December 31 of that year, but there is no such thing as the "birth" and "death" of a year.

If, after studying this page, you are still struggling, just remember: The animal is dead; its life is over. The puppy's life began on the moment it was born.

Last year, daylight saving time began (not "was born") on March 14, 2021. Later that year, daylight saving time ended (not "died") on November 7, 2021.

title: Grammar and Syntax/Die vs. end


text: Category:Shelf:Novial/all books

title: Category:Shelf:Novial/all books


text: Category:Shelf:Novial

title: Category:Shelf:Novial


text: Shelf:Novial/ancestry

title: Shelf:Novial/ancestry


text: Shelf:Novial

title: Shelf:Novial


text:
Oberon/Contributing

All progress is welcome. Correct errors in grammar and in algorithms. Present unrefined ideas in the talk pages.

A source in the wikibook can be edited directly using a browser capable of HTTPS. Alternatively it can be edited on an Oberon system, translated using MediaWiki.Markup and applied to replace the existing version, as when adding a new module. If replacing, take care to avoid over-writing a previous edit. The latest version of the page should be retrieved to a working Oberon system and compared using Diff.Do. Alternatively, a registered user can put a new version in the user sandbox and apply the MediaWiki comparison facility. Be aware that the non-zero time interval between retrieval from the book and installation of the new version allows edit conflict.

 * Initialize a Module or Tool page from a published release. Preferably the latest.  Oberon.Sort.Mod, for example, is taken from the Oberon subsystem in UnixA2.  Indicate the source in the wiki edit subject line.
 * Use Oberon naming conventions.
 * Avoid page duplication. If two systems share a source module, a page redirect is preferable to duplicate pages.
 * If an edit conflict is inadvertently created, fix it, please.
 * Avoid breaking compilation.
 * Avoid breaking interfaces. If an interface is changed, adjust all modules which connect to it.  An idea clearly expressed in a discussion page is preferable to broken interfaces.
 * Avoid breaking functionality.
 * Avoid introducing a bug. If a bug is introduced, the change might be reverted, however brilliant the intended improvement.
 * Prefer more recent syntax over older syntax. Remove LOOP.  Where possible remove RETURN.

Addition of a Text is the first two steps in the dataflow diagram for a Text. The first step is performed by the contributor. The second is performed automatically by the MediaWiki server. Retrieve the MediaWiki module (ETH Oberon, Oberon subsystem of A2) to your Oberon system and compile it. Open a viewer with the module to be contributed and * mark the Text. Translate to MediaWiki markup with "MediaWiki.Markup * " and save the .Mod.mw with Edit.StoreAscii or ET.StoreAscii.

To add the page to the book, a browser capable of HTTPS is necessary; Desktops.OpenDoc in ETH Oberon is inadequate. Being logged in to a Wikimedia account is advisable. Somewhere in an existing page add the name of the intended page, preview and "Publish change". The new entry will be colored red. Click on it to open the new page. Initialize the new page, preview and "Publish change".

Formatting a Source Text
Various formatting conventions and preferences exist. Refer to the Oberon Mailing List, 2017-07-22 through 2017-07-26, and search for "indentation?". No particular format is essential. Any reasonable format preferred by a contributor is welcome.

Styling a Source Text
Various stylistic conventions also exist. Refer to the Oberon Mailing List, 2017-07-29 through 2017-07-30, and search for "Italicization". Editors such as PET in A2 and the "pretty printers" mentioned in the list automatically style a source Text to highlight syntax. Therefore direct syntax styling can be unnecessary. Color to distinguish a revision is optional and relatively harmless.

title: Oberon/Contributing


text:
Oberon/Comparing Versions and Pages

Oberon has module Diff. Two pages or Texts can be retrieved to files TextFile1 and TextFile2. MM on Diff.Do TextFile1 TextFile2 will produce a side by side comparison.

To compare versions of a page within the book, open the history using the button at the top of the page. Choose two versions and "Compare selected versions".

To compare any two pages using the MediaWiki facility, ID numbers are specified in a URL. In the page history of ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTML.Mod, when the mouse pointer is hovered over the date in the entry for the original version, ID 3495065 is reported by the browser. A more recent version is 4068966. The URL https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/?oldid=3495065&diff=4068966&diffonly=1 produces a side by side comparison.

title: Oberon/Comparing Versions and Pages


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Ocelot Arcade System

History
The system began development in 2014.

An advertisement for the system was posted on YouTube on December 15, 2017, and the system attracted media attention in 2018. However the advertisement was not meant to sell the system directly, as the system was explicitly said to not be for sale.

Only one technical prototype was officially produced, though complete plans for that system were published online.

Compute
The system uses a 16-bit dsPIC33FJ128GP802 microcontroller as a CPU, with performance measured at 39.6 MIPS. The system sports 16 kilobytes of RAM and 128 of PROM.

The implementation of the system requires a program to be flashed to change games, though a project page has a layout for how adding cartridges would work.

Audio Visual
The system outputs vector graphics to an oscilloscope. A Texas Instruments TLV5618A DAC is used to generate the output signals. The DAC has two channels.

A 1 bit synthesizer with 4 channels is built in.

The system is 3D capable.

Games

 * Star Lynx - 3D Star Fox style game
 * Mattsteroids - 2D Asteroids style game


text:
Cookbook:Ukang Ukom (Plantain Porridge)

Ukang ukom (plantain porridge) is a local Nigerian dish made with unripe plantain. The delicacy is mostly found among Southern Nigerians, especially those from the Calabar and Efik tribes. It is a ceremonial dish.

Ingredients

 * Unripe plantain, peeled and sliced
 * Salt
 * Pepper
 * Dryfish
 * Goat meat, cut into small pieces
 * Ground crayfish
 * Vegetable oil or palm oil
 * Efirin (scent leaves)

Equipment

 * Cooking pot
 * Cooktop
 * Spoon
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) Wash the sliced plantain with salt. Transfer the plantain to a pot, and season.
 * 2) Add enough water to cover the plantain. Bring to a boil, then simmer for about 20 minutes until the plantains are softened.
 * 3) Stir in the pepper, dryfish, goat meat, and ground crayfish. Cover, and cook for a few minutes.
 * 4) Stir the mixture until thickened. Stir in the oil, cover, and cook for 5 minutes so the oil mixes with the other ingredients.
 * 5) Stir in the efirin, and serve.

title: Cookbook:Ukang Ukom (Plantain Porridge)


text:
User:Eddiekasula

Okpewho, I. (1992)

title: User:Eddiekasula


text:
Cookbook:Nigerian Mushroom Sauce

Ingredients

 * Vegetable oil
 * Butter
 * Mushrooms
 * Pepper
 * Thyme
 * Salt
 * Garlic, minced
 * Milk
 * Cornflour (cornstarch)
 * Seasoning cube, crushed

 * Lemon, juiced
 * Parsley

Special equipment

 * Frying pan
 * Stovetop

Procedure

 * 1) Heat the vegetable and oil together in the pan.
 * 2) Add the mushrooms, pepper, thyme, and salt. Fry until the mushrooms brown, then add the garlic and fry well.
 * 3) Combine the milk and cornflour. Stir the slurry into the mushroom mixture. Simmer for about 10 minutes until the sauce thickens and is well-cooked.
 * 4) Stir in the seasoning cubes, lemon juice, and parsley. Cook for another minute.
 * 5) Taste for seasoning, and serve.

title: Cookbook:Nigerian Mushroom Sauce


text:
Modern Meitei/Common phrases

 * 1) Hello (formal) : ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ ꯫ (Khoo-room-ja-ree); Hello (informal) : ꯑꯣꯢ (ꯑꯣꯏ) (OI) (better use this only among mutual friends)
 * 2) How are you? : ꯀꯝꯗꯧꯕꯤꯔꯤ? (Kam-dou-bee-ree?)
 * 3) Fine, thank you. : ꯐꯔꯦ, ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯆꯔꯤ ꯫ (Pha-re, Thaa-gat-cha-ree)
 * 4) What is your name? : ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯧꯏ? (Nang-gee Ming Ka-ree Kou-ee?)
 * 5) My name is ______ . : ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ______ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫ (Ei-gee Ming _____ Kou-ee.)
 * 6) Nice to meet you. : ꯅꯪꯒ ꯎꯟꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯔꯦ ꯫ (Nang-ga Oo-na-ba Noong-Ngai-Re)
 * 7) Please. : ꯆꯥꯟꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯫ (Chaan-bee-doo-na) (It is an adverb, but used independently alone.)
 * 8) Thank you. : ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯆꯔꯤ ꯫ (Thaa-gat-cha-ree)
 * 9) You're welcome. (Welcoming someone) : ꯇꯔꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯣꯛꯆꯔꯤ ꯫ (Ta-raam-na Ok-cha-ree) or ꯂꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯔꯛꯁꯤ ꯫ (Leng-Sheen-Bee-Rak-Shee)
 * 10) You're welcome. (As a reply to "Thanks") : ꯌꯥꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯔꯦ ꯫ (Yaam Noong-Ngai-Re) (literally, "It's pleasure", it's not exact translation of "You are welcome", but its usage is exactly equivalent.)
 * 11) Yes. : ꯍꯣꯢ (ꯍꯣꯏ) ꯫ (HOI) or ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯦ ꯫ (Maan-Ney)
 * 12) No. : ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯫ (Nat-te)
 * 13) Excuse me. (getting attention) : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯇ ꯫ (Ka-ree-goom-ba A-ma-ta); Excuse me. (begging pardon) : ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ (Ngaak-Pee-Ga-Nee)
 * 14) I'm sorry. : ꯑꯩ ꯁꯣꯢꯈꯔꯦ ꯫ (Ei Soi-Khre) or ꯑꯩ ꯂꯥꯟꯖꯔꯦ ꯫ (Ei Laan-ja-re)
 * 15) Goodbye : ꯀꯥꯢꯅꯔꯁꯤ ꯫ (Kai-Na-Ra-See); Goodbye (informal) : ꯆꯠꯂꯦ ꯫ (Chat-Leh) (use this only to mutual friends)
 * 16) I can't speak name of language [well]. : ꯑꯩ English [ꯐꯖꯅ] ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ (Ei English [Pha-ja-na] Ngaang-ba Ngam-de)
 * 17) Do you speak English? : ꯅꯪ [ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ] ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯔꯥ? (Nang [English] Ngaang-ba-raa?)
 * 18) Is there someone here who speaks English? : ꯃꯁꯤꯗ [ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ] ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ? (Ma-see-da [English] Ngaang-ba Mee Lei-ba-raa?)
 * 19) Help! (Directly asking for help) : ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ! (Ma-teng Paang-bee-yoo!) or (Immediately asking to save me/us/you/him/her/them) ꯀꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ! (Kan-bee-yoo!)
 * 20) Look out! : ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯣ! (Yeng-Ngo!)

title: Modern Meitei/Common phrases


text:
Ancient Meitei/Common phrases

 * 1) Hello (formal) : ꯈꯨꯂꯨꯝꯆꯂꯤ ꯫ (Khoo-loom-cha-lee); Hello (informal) : ꯑꯣꯢ (ꯑꯣꯏ) (OI) (better use this only among mutual friends)
 * 2) How are you? : ꯀꯝꯇꯧꯄꯤꯂꯤ? (Kam-tou-pee-lee?)
 * 3) Fine, thank you. : ꯐꯂꯦ, ꯊꯥꯀꯠꯆꯂꯤ ꯫ (Pha-le, Thaa-kat-cha-lee)
 * 4) What is your name? : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯀꯂꯤ ꯀꯧꯏ? (Na-haak-kee Ming Ka-lee Kou-ee?)
 * 5) My name is ______ . : ꯑꯩꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ______ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫ (Ei-kee Ming _____ Kou-ee.)
 * 6) Nice to meet you. : ꯅꯪꯀ ꯎꯟꯅꯄ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯂꯦ ꯫ (Nang-ka Oo-na-pa Noong-Ngai-le)
 * 7) Please. : ꯆꯥꯟꯄꯤꯇꯨꯅ ꯫ (Chaan-pee-too-na) (It is an adverb, but used independently alone.)
 * 8) Thank you. : ꯊꯥꯀꯠꯆꯂꯤ ꯫ (Thaa-kat-cha-lee)
 * 9) You're welcome. (Welcoming someone) : ꯇꯂꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯣꯛꯆꯂꯤ ꯫ (Ta-laam-na Ok-cha-lee) or ꯂꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯄꯤꯂꯛꯁꯤ ꯫ (Leng-Sheen-Pee-Lak-Shee)
 * 10) You're welcome. (As a reply to "Thanks") : ꯌꯥꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯂꯦ ꯫ (Yaam Noong-Ngai-Le) (literally, "It's pleasure", it's not exact translation of "You are welcome", but its usage is exactly equivalent.)
 * 11) Yes. : ꯍꯣꯢ (ꯍꯣꯏ) ꯫ (HOI) or ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯦ ꯫ (Maan-Ney)
 * 12) No. : ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯫ (Nat-te)
 * 13) Excuse me. (getting attention) : ꯀꯂꯤꯀꯨꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯇ ꯫ (Ka-lee-koom-pa A-ma-ta); Excuse me. (begging pardon) : ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤꯀꯅꯤ ꯫ (Ngaak-Pee-Ka-Nee)
 * 14) I'm sorry. : ꯑꯩ ꯁꯣꯢꯈꯂꯦ ꯫ (Ei Soi-Kha-Le) or ꯑꯩ ꯂꯥꯟꯆꯂꯦ ꯫ (Ei Laan-cha-le)
 * 15) Goodbye : ꯀꯥꯢꯅꯂꯁꯤ ꯫ (Kai-Na-La-See); Goodbye (informal) : ꯆꯠꯂꯦ ꯫ (Chat-Leh) (use this only to mutual friends)
 * 16) I can't speak name of language [well]. : ꯑꯩ English [ꯐꯆꯅ] ꯉꯥꯡꯄ ꯉꯝꯇꯦ ꯫ (Ei English [Pha-cha-na] Ngaang-pa Ngam-te)
 * 17) Do you speak English? : ꯅꯪ [ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ] ꯉꯥꯡꯄꯂꯥ? (Nang [English] Ngaang-pa-laa?)
 * 18) Is there someone here who speaks English? : ꯃꯁꯤꯇ [ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ] ꯉꯥꯡꯄ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯂꯥ? (Ma-see-ta [English] Ngaang-pa Mee Lei-pa-laa?)
 * 19) Help! (Directly asking for help) : ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯄꯤꯌꯨ! (Ma-teng Paang-pee-yoo!) or (Immediately asking to save me/us/you/him/her/them) ꯀꯟꯄꯤꯌꯨ! (Kan-pee-yoo!)
 * 20) Look out! : ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯣ! (Yeng-Ngo!)

title: Ancient Meitei/Common phrases


text:
Modern Meitei/Greetings

Here, you will learn to greet people and ask how they are. You do not need any prior knowledge of Meitei.

Among Meitei speakers, the most popularly used greeting is "Khurumjari" (ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ, /khoo-room-ja-ree/)(derived from Ancient Meitei term "Khulumchali"). It is used among respectable and honourable people. Khurumjari literally means "bowing or homage". In the Puyas (traditional Meitei religions texts), Khurumjari mostly occurs as a salutation to the deities. But the use and meaning have evolved. Today, among Meitei speakers, Khurumjari is a simple greeting to say "hello". Khurumjari is almost equivalent to Indo-Aryan terms like Namaste, Namaskar and Namaskaram.

Some important greetings are:
 * 1) How are you? : ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯝꯗꯧꯔꯤ? (A-dom Kam-dou-ree) or ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯝꯗꯧꯔꯤꯒꯦ? (A-dom Kam-dou-ree-gey)
 * 2) What are you doing? : ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ? (A-dom Ka-ree Tou-ree-ba-gey)
 * 3) It's nice to meet you! : ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯒ ꯎꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ (A-dom-ga Oo-na-ba-da Noong-ngai-ba Phaau-ee) or ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯒ ꯎꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯫ (A-dom-ga Oo-na-ba Noong-ngai)
 * 4) How is it going?: ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? (Ma-tou Ka-ram-na Chat-tha-ree-ba-no)

Other important greetings are:
 * 1) Good day. : ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ (A-pha-ba Noo-meet Oi-bee-yoo)(literally, "Have a Good Day")
 * 2) Good morning. : ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ (A-pha-ba A-yook Oi-bee-yoo)(literally, "Have a Good Morning")
 * 3) Good afternoon. : ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ (A-pha-ba Noong-theel Oi-bee-yoo)(literally, "Have a Good Afternoon")
 * 4) Good evening. : ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯢꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ (A-pha-ba Noo-mee-daang-wai-ram Oi-bee-yoo)(literally, "Have a Good Evening")
 * 5) Good night. : ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ (A-pha-ba A-hing Oi-bee-yoo)(literally, "Have a Good Night")
 * 6) Good night (to sleep) : ꯐꯖꯅ ꯇꯨꯝꯃꯁꯦ ꯫ (Pha-ja-na Toom-ma-sey)(literally, Let's sleep well) or ꯃꯪ ꯐꯔꯁꯦ ꯫ (Mang Pha-ra-sey)(literally, Let's have good dreams)
 * Note: The English greeting terms like "Good morning", "Good evening", etc. can be literally translated into Meitei language. However, such greetings aren't frequently used in actual conversation among Meitei speakers.

title: Modern Meitei/Greetings


text:
Modern Meitei/Numbers

 * 1) 1 (꯱) : ꯑꯃ (A-ma)
 * 2) 2 (꯲) : ꯑꯅꯤ (A-nee)
 * 3) 3 (꯳) : ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (A-hoom)
 * 4) 4 (꯴) : ꯃꯔꯤ (Ma-ree)
 * 5) 5 (꯵) : ꯃꯉꯥ (Ma-ngaa)
 * 6) 6 (꯶) : ꯇꯔꯨꯛ (Ta-rook)
 * 7) 7 (꯷) : ꯇꯔꯦꯠ (Ta-ret)
 * 8) 8 (꯸) : ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ (Nee-paal) or ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ (Nee-paan)
 * 9) 9 (꯹) : ꯃꯥꯄꯜ (Maa-pal) or ꯃꯥꯄꯟ (Maa-pan)
 * 10) 10 (꯱꯰) : ꯇꯔꯥ (Ta-raa)
 * 11) 11 (꯱꯱) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯃꯥꯊꯣꯢ (Ta-raa Maa-thoi)
 * 12) 12 (꯱꯲) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯊꯣꯢ (Ta-raa Nee-thoi)
 * 13) 13 (꯱꯳) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯢ (Ta-raa Hoom-doi)
 * 14) 14 (꯱꯴) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ (Ta-raa Ma-ree)
 * 15) 15 (꯱꯵) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯃꯉꯥ (Ta-raa Ma-ngaa)
 * 16) 16 (꯱꯶) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ (Ta-raa Ta-rook)
 * 17) 17 (꯱꯷) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ (Ta-raa Ta-ret)
 * 18) 18 (꯱꯸) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ (Ta-raa Nee-paal) or ꯇꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ (Ta-raa Nee-paan)
 * 19) 19 (꯱꯹) : ꯇꯔꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯜ (Ta-raa Maa-pal) or ꯇꯔꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ (Ta-raa Maa-pan)
 * 20) 20 (꯲꯰) : ꯀꯨꯜ (Kool) or ꯀꯨꯟ (Koon)
 * 21) 21 (꯲꯱) : ꯀꯨꯟ ꯃꯥꯊꯣꯢ (Koon Maa-thoi)
 * 22) 22 (꯲꯲) : ꯀꯨꯟ ꯅꯤꯊꯣꯢ (Koon Nee-thoi)
 * 23) 23 (꯲꯳) : ꯀꯨꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯢ (Koon Hoom-doi)
 * 24) 30 (꯳꯰) : ꯀꯨꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ (Koon-thraa)
 * 25) 40 (꯴꯰) : ꯅꯤꯝꯐꯨ (Neem-phoo)
 * 26) 50 (꯵꯰) : ꯌꯥꯡꯈꯩ (Yaang-khei)
 * 27) 60 (꯶꯰) : ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨ (Hoom-phoo)
 * 28) 70 (꯷꯰) : ꯍꯨꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (Hoom-draa)
 * 29) 80 (꯸꯰) : ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨ (Ma-ree-phoo)
 * 30) 90 (꯹꯰) : ꯃꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (Mou-draa) Or ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (Ma-ree-phoo-draa)
 * 31) 100 (꯱꯰꯰) : ꯆꯥ ꯑꯃ (Chaa A-ma)
 * 32) 200 (꯲꯰꯰) : ꯆꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ (Chaa A-nee)
 * 33) 300 (꯳꯰꯰) : ꯆꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (Chaa A-hoom)
 * 34) 1000 (꯱꯰꯰꯰) : ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ (Lee-sheeng A-ma)
 * 35) 2000 (꯲꯰꯰꯰) : ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ (Lee-sheeng A-nee)

title: Modern Meitei/Numbers


text:
Modern Meitei/Time

Some of the important Meitei words that express time are:
 * 1) now : ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ (Hou-jeek)
 * 2) later : ꯀꯣꯟꯅ (Kon-na)
 * 3) before : ꯃꯃꯥꯡ (Ma-maang)
 * 4) morning : ꯑꯌꯨꯛ (A-yook)
 * 5) afternoon : ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜ (Noong-theel)
 * 6) evening : ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯢꯔꯝ (Noo-mee-daang-waai-ram)
 * 7) night : ꯑꯍꯤꯡ (A-heeng) or ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ (Noo-mee-daang)

Clock time

 * 1) one o'clock AM : ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃ (A-yook-kee Poong A-ma)
 * 2) two o'clock AM : ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ (A-yook-kee Poong A-nee)
 * 3) noon : ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯌꯨꯡꯕ (Noo-meet-yoong-ba)
 * 4) one o'clock PM : ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃ (Noong-theel-gee Poong A-ma)
 * 5) two o'clock PM : ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ (Noong-theel-gee Poong A-nee)
 * 6) midnight : ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯌꯥꯢ (A-heeng Nong-yai)

Duration

 * 1) _____ second(s) : _____ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯨꯞ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (meet-koop(sing))
 * 2) _____ minute(s) : _____ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯨꯞ ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨ (meet-koop hoom-phoo) or ꯃꯤꯅꯠ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (mee-nat(sing))
 * 3) _____ hour(s) : _____ ꯄꯨꯡ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (poong(sing)) or _____ ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (poongshing(sing)
 * 4) _____ day(s) : _____ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (noo-meet(sing))
 * 5) _____ week(s) : _____ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (cha-yol(sing))
 * 6) _____ month(s) : _____ ꯊꯥ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (thaa(sing))
 * 7) _____ year(s) : _____ ꯆꯍꯤ(ꯁꯤꯡ) (cha-hee(sing))
 * Note: "sing" or "shing" is a suffix to show plurality. Instead of it, "ma-yaam" can also be sufficed to make a singular word into a plural word.

title: Modern Meitei/Time


text:
Modern Meitei/Days and Months

Some of the important Meitei words for days, weeks and months are:
 * 1) day : ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ (Noo-meet)
 * 2) today : ꯉꯁꯤ (Nga-see)
 * 3) yesterday : ꯉꯔꯥꯡ (Nga-raang)
 * 4) previous day : ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ (Ma-maang-gee Noo-meet)
 * 5) tomorrow : ꯍꯌꯦꯡ (Ha-yeng)
 * 6) next day : ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ (Ma-thang-gee Noo-meet)
 * 7) week : ꯆꯌꯣꯜ (Cha-yol) or ꯆꯌꯣꯟ (Cha-yon)
 * 8) this week : ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ (Han-dak-kee Cha-yol)
 * 9) last week : ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ (Ma-maang-gee Cha-yol)
 * 10) next week : ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ (Ma-thang-gee Cha-yol)

Days

 * 1) Sunday : ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯖꯤꯡ (Nong-mai-jing)
 * 2) Monday : ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ (Ning-thou-kaa-ba)
 * 3) Tuesday : ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ (Lei-baak-pok-pa)
 * 4) Wednesday : ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ (Yoom-sa-kei-sa)
 * 5) Thursday : ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ (Sa-gol-sen)
 * 6) Friday : ꯏꯔꯥꯢ (Ee-rai)
 * 7) Saturday : ꯊꯥꯡꯖ (Thaang-ja)

Months
12 Months of the year according to Meitei calendar (Manipuri calendar) :

 * 1) Sajibu : April-May interface month
 * 2) Kaalen : May-June interface month
 * 3) Ee-ngaa : June-July interface month
 * 4) Ee-ngen : July-August interface month
 * 5) Thouwaan (Thawaan) : August-September interface month
 * 6) Laang-ban : September-October interface month
 * 7) Meraa : October-November interface month
 * 8) Hee-yaang-gei : November-December interface month
 * 9) Poinu (Poi-noo) : December-January interface month
 * 10) Waak-ching : January-February interface month
 * 11) Phai-rel : February-March interface month
 * 12) Lam-taa : March-April interface month
 * Note: Date 1 of Sajibu month is the Meitei New Year (Manipuri New Year). Meitei New Year Festival is called Cheiraoba. So, there's no exact Manipuri translations of the twelve months of the Gregorian calendar. People use the same English names of the months to refer to the English months.

title: Modern Meitei/Days and Months


text: Wikibooks:VRT permissions agents

title: Wikibooks:VRT permissions agents


text:
Modern Meitei/Genders

Meitei language (Manipuri language) has nouns of only two genders, masculine and feminine. The names of menfolk and male gods are always masculine. The names of womenfolk and female gods are always feminine. A group consisting of people where both men and women are assembled together, is grammatically masculine (showing the signs of male dominated ancient society).

The grammatical genders are not always related to the actual real life genders. Non living things are usually considered as masculine but they can also be feminine in some cases. One can sometimes, but not always, infer the gender of a noun from its ending. If the noun ends with "ꯕ" ("-ba") or "ꯄ" ("-pa") or "ꯕꯥ" ("-bā" / "-baa") or "ꯄꯥ" ("-pā" / "-paa"), then it is usually masculine. If the noun ends with "ꯕꯤ" ("-bi" / "-bee") or "ꯄꯤ" ("-pi" / "-pee"), then it is usually feminine. For example, the term for man is "ꯅꯨꯄꯥ" ("nupa") and the term for woman is "ꯅꯨꯄꯤ" ("nupi").

title: Modern Meitei/Genders


text:
Modern Meitei/Pronouns

The Meitei pronouns in subjective forms: The Meitei pronouns in objective forms: Meitei pronouns in possesive forms of the subjective forms: Meitei pronouns in possessive forms of the objective forms:
 * 1) I - ꯑꯩ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛ
 * 2) We - ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯢ
 * 3) You (singular) - ꯅꯪ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝ, ꯁꯣꯝ
 * 4) You (plural) - ꯅꯈꯣꯢ
 * 5) He/She - ꯃꯍꯥꯛ, ꯃꯥ
 * 6) It/This - ꯃꯁꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ
 * 7) They - ꯃꯈꯣꯢ
 * 8) These - ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ
 * 1) Me - ꯑꯩꯕꯨ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ
 * 2) Us - ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯢꯕꯨ
 * 3) You (singular) - ꯅꯪꯕꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯕꯨ, ꯁꯣꯝꯕꯨ
 * 4) You (plural) - ꯅꯈꯣꯢꯕꯨ
 * 5) Him/Her - ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ, ꯃꯥꯕꯨ
 * 6) It/This - ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ
 * 7) Them - ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯕꯨ
 * 8) These - ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ
 * 1) My - ꯑꯩꯒꯤ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ
 * 2) Our - ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ
 * 3) Your (singular) - ꯅꯪꯒꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ
 * 4) Your (plural) - ꯅꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ
 * 5) His/Her - ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ, ꯃꯥꯒꯤ
 * 6) Its - ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ
 * 7) Their - ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ
 * 1) Mine - ꯑꯩꯒꯤꯅꯤ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯅꯤ
 * 2) Ours - ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤꯅꯤ
 * 3) Yours (singular) - ꯅꯪꯒꯤꯅꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯅꯤ
 * 4) Yours (plural) - ꯅꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤꯅꯤ
 * 5) His/Hers - ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯥꯒꯤꯅꯤ
 * 6) Its - ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯅꯤ
 * 7) Theirs - ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤꯅꯤ

title: Modern Meitei/Pronouns


text:
Cookbook:Cheesecloth

Cheesecloth is a loosely-woven cotton cloth or gauze typically used in cooking. It can be used to strain liquid from foods like cheese curds or to enclose aromatics during cooking.

title: Cookbook:Cheesecloth


text:
Cookbook:Afia Efere (Efik White Soup)

Afia efere is a white soup native to the Efik tribe of Nigeria. It is similar to the Igbo ofe nsala. Afia efere is simple, easy to prepare, and affordable.

Ingredients

 * Assorted meat
 * Goat meat
 * Smoked fish
 * Calabash nutmeg
 * Uda (optional)
 * Uziza seeds
 * Uyayak
 * Yam
 * Ground crayfish
 * Cameroon pepper
 * Dry pepper
 * Salt
 * Stock cubes
 * Uziza leaves

Procedure

 * 1) Boil the assorted meat and goat meat until soft.
 * 2) Boil the smoked fish until soft.
 * 3) Grind the calabash nutmeg, uda, uziza seeds, and half of the uyayak until it is a nearly-smooth powder. Add some water to the ground spices and sieve.
 * 4) Peel, wash, and cook the yam until soft. Mash the boiled yam traditionally or using a food processor until smooth.
 * 5) Stir the crayfish, pepper, and the remaining half of the uyayak to the meat. Add some water, and bring the contents to a boil.
 * 6) Taste for salt and season. Add the ground spices to the meat, and simmer on a low heat.
 * 7) Add the pounded yam in medium-sized balls, and turn up the heat.
 * 8) Once the yam is dissolved, taste for seasoning and salt.
 * 9) Stir in the uziza leaves, and serve.

title: Cookbook:Afia Efere (Efik White Soup)


text:
Cookbook:Achi Soup

Achi soup is a Nigerian soup prepared with meat and vegetables. Achi seed makes it easy and fast to prepare.

Ingredients

 * Goat meat
 * Assorted meat
 * Kpomo
 * Smoked fish
 * Seasoning cubes
 * Salt
 * Onions
 * Scotch bonnet chile pepper
 * Ground pepper
 * Ground crayfish
 * Ogiri
 * Palm oil
 * Ground achi seed
 * Uziza leaves

Procedure

 * 1) Wash and boil all the meats in a pot. Add seasoning cubes, salt, and onions. Allow it to cook until the meat is soft.
 * 2) Stir in the pepper, crayfish, ogiri, and onions. Cook for at least 7 minutes.
 * 3) Add the palm oil, and taste for seasoning.
 * 4) Stir in the ground achi, adding water if it is too thick, and allow it to simmer.
 * 5) Stir in the uziza leaves. Simmer for at least 9 minutes.
 * 6) Serve.

title: Cookbook:Achi Soup


text:
Category:Subject:Novial

__HIDDENCAT__

title: Category:Subject:Novial


text:
Cookbook:Toasted Coconut Flakes

These toasted coconut flakes are a crunchy, caramelized snack made from fresh coconut. They are a popular snack in Nigeria.

Ingredients

 * Ripe fresh coconut
 * Granulated sugar
 * Salt

Equipment

 * Oven
 * Grater
 * Bowl
 * Baking sheet/tray

Procedure

 * 1) Crack open the coconut, and separate out the coconut meat.
 * 2) Grate the coconut meat into flakes.
 * 3) Toss the coconut flakes with sugar and a pinch of salt.
 * 4) Spread the coconut mixture on a baking sheet, and place on the lowest rack of the oven. Bake at 300˚F, stirring every few minutes until golden brown and crisp.
 * 5) Remove the coconut flakes and cool completely.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Ensure you are fully concentrated while toasting the coconut, as it will burn quite fast.
 * If you layer the coconut too thick on the pan, they will take very long to crisp up.

title: Cookbook:Toasted Coconut Flakes


text:
Cookbook:Achi

The achi seed is derived from the plant Brachystegia eurycoma. It can be ground to a powder/flour and used as a thickening agent.

title: Cookbook:Achi


text:
Cookbook:Aidan Fruit

The aidan fruit, also called aridan, uyayak, kyoho, or prekese is the product of Tetrapleura tetraptera. It is native to West Africa, where it is used as a flavoring.

Characteristics
The fruit's pod is dark and has four wings or ridges. Two of these wings are woody and inedible, and two are filled with an aromatic pulp described as toffee-like in flavor. The seeds inside the pod are not typically eaten.

Use
The aromatic pulp of the dried pod is used as a spice in cooking.

title: Cookbook:Aidan Fruit


text:
Art History/17th Century

As the Renaissance occurred in Europe, the art world of other countries did not stay stagnant.

title: Art History/17th Century


text:
User talk:2601:183:CB81:6460:554A:B45B:E001:2DF1

--Xania   talk 07:22, 5 June 2022 (UTC)