text:
Exercise as it relates to Disease/How exercise may impact the health of people with epilepsy

< Exercise as it relates to Disease

This wikibook is a critical appraisal of the research article 'Effects of an exercise program on health of people with epilepsy: A randomized clinical trial'.

Contents

 * 1) What is the background to this research?
 * 2) Where is the research from?
 * 3) What kind of research was this?
 * 4) What did the research involve?
 * 5) What were the basic results?
 * 6) What conclusions can we take from this research?
 * 7) Practical advice
 * 8) Further information/resources
 * 9) References

What is the background to this research?
Epilepsy is a disease which affects electrical signals in the brain and is characterized by recurring seizures, affecting an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy is most commonly treated with prescribed medication, which may eliminate the occurrence of seizures in about 70% of cases. However, this method of treatment is not always effective. For example, some cases of epilepsy are resistant to medication. In addition, people with epilepsy living in low-income countries may have limited financial and/or physical access to receiving medication needed to control their seizures. The potential for exercise to act as a complementary treatment method has been explored previously, with exercise shown to reduce the severity and/or frequency of seizures in animal studies. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of exercise when combined with anti-epileptic medication on the health outcomes of people with epilepsy, with a focus on seizure frequency and quality of life.

Where is the research from?
This study was conducted in Pelotas, a city located in southern Brazil. The population of participants included people with epilepsy who were part of the Brazilian Public Health System within the primary care unit. Secondly, participants from a previous study were invited to participate, followed by social and local media outlet advertisement.

Eligible participant criteria included the following:

 * Documented evidence from a physician of an epilepsy diagnosis
 * Currently taking anti-epileptic medication
 * Sedentary for 3 months prior to participation
 * Aged between 18-60 years

Eligible participants were asked to recall whether they had any epileptic seizures in the 3 months prior to the beginning of the study and if so, how many. This was then used to determine whether a significant difference in seizure frequency had occurred after the exercise intervention.

What kind of research was this?
This study was a randomized control trial (RCT) design.

The authors appeared to possess a wide variety of experience in terms of previous studies which have been documented, the majority of which included human physiology-based research. However, no author had been involved in more than 3 articles which involved research in the field of epilepsy.

The level of evidence produced by this study also differs from others with similar aims. For example, a recent RCT published in 2022 found non-significant improvements in seizure frequency after exercise intervention. In addition, a 2021 study on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy did not see a reduction in seizure frequency after a 6-month period of moderate intensity cardiovascular training. The results of this study differ in it results, and the authors of this study claim it to be the first of its kind to find significant reductions in seizure frequency in an RCT.

What did the research involve?
A total of 20 participants completed the study and were randomly allocated into either a 12-week exercise intervention, or the control group who received no intervention. The exercise intervention group participated in 1-hour sessions, twice a week, taking place at Pelotas University gymnasium. These sessions involved aerobic, strength and stretching exercises supervised and directed by exercise science professionals for each participant. Training sessions were available between 6am-9pm on weekdays, and 9am-5pm on Saturdays. All participants were also provided with transport from their homes to the gymnasium for every session.

Some limitations may be noted in terms of the practicality of the exercise intervention used in this study. For example, the use of direct transport to and from the gymnasium, as well as exercise science professionals' supervision for each participant may not be an affordable option for people with epilepsy to replicate the exercise levels of the intervention. This is particularly relevant to this population, as most included were of low socioeconomic status, with about 50% unemployed and 80% earning low incomes. In addition, an estimated 80% of people with epilepsy live in low to middle income countries. Considering this, it is unlikely that the training program used in this study would be realistically attainable for this population in a real-world setting.

What were the basic results?
The results of this study found that exercise programs may reduce seizure frequency, improve quality of life, and improve overall health in people with epilepsy. In addition to improved quality of life, the stress levels of the exercise group were also significantly lower than the control group post-intervention. These results are particularly relevant to people with epilepsy, as both are known to have potential effects on the frequency of seizures.

The authors state that the main limitations of this study included the potential for error in recall bias in self-reported seizure occurrence in the 3 months prior to the trial, as well as the small number of participants.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
The results from this study show that people with epilepsy may benefit from physical exercise via reduced seizure frequency and improved quality of life, when used in addition to anti-epileptic medication. However, such a small sample group may make the findings difficult to apply to the general population of people with epilepsy. This makes it unclear whether all people with epilepsy will see the reductions in seizure frequency as shown in this study, and discrepancies in the current literature have not changed this uncertainty. A recent example of this is seen in the aforementioned 2022 study which saw reductions in seizure-frequency to a non-significant degree where a larger population was used. Nevertheless, this study is one amongst numerous others which show that exercise can improve the health of people with epilepsy, and that people with epilepsy should be encouraged and assisted to take part in exercising in a safe manner.

Practical advice
Results from this study raise questions about whether future research should aim to discover how different types of epilepsy may be affected by physical exercise. For example, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) recommends different levels of physical activity participation in people with epilepsy depending on type of seizure occurrence and risk. This may also benefit health professionals in designing and recommending safe methods of achieving adequate physical activity that are more affordable and accessible for people with epilepsy. Examples may include:

 * Group exercise sessions
 * Education for others involved (e.g., team-mates, family, friends, coaches) to both improve safety and reduce stigma around people with epilepsy.

In summary, this study should be considered in future research into this topic, as its results showed a significant reduction in seizure frequency which has not been seen in previous RCTs. However, the risks of exercising as a person with epilepsy is highly individual to each case of epilepsy and advice should be sought from health professionals before participating in exercise.

Further information/resources

 * Visit Epilepsy Action Australia: https://www.epilepsy.org.au/about-epilepsy/ or call 1300 374 537 (National Epilepsy Line)
 * Local Epilepsy Australia Organizations: https://epilepsyaustralia.net/ or call 1300 761 487 (National Epilepsy Support Service)
 * See Basic First Aid for Seizures: https://vimeo.com/278258527.
 * First Aid for Seizures Poster. (for use at the workplace, home, gym or schools)


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e5/3. dxe5/3...Ng4/4. e3

Theory table
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e3

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e5/3. dxe5/3...Ng4/4. e3/4...Nxe5

Theory table
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e3 Nxe5


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e5/3. dxe5/3...Ng4/4. e3/4...Nxe5/5. Nh3

= Shereshevsky Variation =

5. Nh3
White plans on putting his knight on f4, to prevent d5 by black. Additionally, he'll fianchetto his dark squared bishop to b2.

Theory table
1. d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e3 Nxe5 5.Nh3


text:
Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk

The solo expedition to Latin America is a project of Viktor Pinchuk, one of the longest routes of the Russian traveler — by time and length.

General information

 * Duration: 6,5 months.
 * Period: 24.11. 2014 — 10. 06. 2015
 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk.
 * Number of participants: 1 (one).
 * Transit through: Istanbul.
 * Starting point: São Paulo (Brazil).
 * Number of countries visited: 12 (twelve), including 5 Islands.
 * Way to get: plane.
 * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes.
 * Nature of the journey: creative trip.
 * Purpose: to collect material about the countries of Latin America and traditions of the local population.
 * Format: lengthy hobo tour, bum tour.

Places visited

 * Brazil. Localities: São Paulo, Foz do Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Apiaí.
 * Paraguay. Localities: Ciudad del Este, Encarnación, La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná (ruins), San Rafael del Paraná, Villarrica, Ibiqui, La Colmena, Paraguari, Asunción.
 * Argentina. Localities: Puerto Iguazú, Buenos Aires, Puerto Madryn, Puerto Pirámides (Valdes Peninsula), Río Gallegos, El Calafate, El Chaltén, Perito Moreno, Caleta Olivia, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Juan, Salta, Cafayate, Cachi, La Quiaca (Bolivian border).
 * Bolivia. Localities: Villazón, Tupiza, Serrillos, Barancas, Uyuni, Sucre, La Paz, Copacabana.
 * Peru. Localities: Puno, Arequipa (transit), Cabanaconde, Pinchollo, Chivay, Yanque, Cusco, Ollantaytambo, Urubamba, Santa Teresa (transit), Aguascalientes, Lima, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Tumbes.
 * Ecuador. Localities: Cuenca, Riobamba, Baños, Puyo, Tena, Colonia Los Rios, Gareno, Pompeya, Nucles & Cunku (tiny villages), El Coca, Ambato, Latacunga, Machachi (transit), Quito, Otavalo, Mindo.
 * Mexico. Localities: Mexico City, Amecameca, Tepoztlán, Chihuahua, San Rafael, Estación Creel (transit), Monterrey, El Sercado, Oaxaca, Tustla Gutiérrez, Palenque, Ocosingo, Frontera Corozal, Mérida (transit), Valladolid, Ekʼ Balam.
 * Guatemala. Localities: Tecnica, Flores, Santa Elena, Sayaxché, Cobán, Guatemala City (capital), Antigua Guatemala, Panajachel, Santiago Atitlán, Chichicastenango.
 * El Salvador. Localities Santa Ana, El Congo, San Salvador, Santa Tecla, Mercedes-Umaña, El Triunfo, San Miguel, El Cuco.
 * Nicaragua. (& Ometepe Island). Localities Managua, Granada, León, San Jorge, Moyogalpa.
 * Panama (and islands: Colón, Bastimentos). Localities: Panama City (capital), Colón, Portobelo, El Valle de Antón, David, Boquete, Almirante, Bocas del Toro (capital of Colón Island).
 * Cuba. Localities: Havana, Pinar del Río, Viñales, Santiago de Cuba, Ciboney, Guantánamo, Bayamo, Barraba, Las Minas, Trinidad, Cabaiguán (transit), Santa Clara, Varadero, Matanzas.

Мap of the route

The methods applied
In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used:
 * In the houses of local people — in the village of San Rafael del Paraná (Paraguay), in the village of Barraba (Cuba).
 * At the hostels — in Brazil and Argentina (many times), Peru (Machu Picchu).
 * In the halls and lobbies — in Encarnación (Paraguay), Havana and Guantánamo (Cuba).
 * Under the open sky — in Paraguay and Cuba (many times), Argentina, Bastimentos Island (Panama).
 * In a building that is not yet complete — in Ciudad del Este and Asuncion (Paraguay), in the border town of La Quiaca (Argentina), on the island of Colón (Panama).
 * In low-cost accommodation — in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama.
 * In abandoned, dilapidated houses — in Perito Moreno (Argentina), Cibonei near Santiago de Cuba (Cuba).
 * At train stations — in Havana (waiting room), Pinar del Rio (on the street near the entrance), Santa Clara (on the platform).
 * In international airport terminals: in São Paulo (Brazil), Managua (Nicaragua).
 * On the historical object "Batería de Santiago" — Portobelo (Panama).
 * On the landing of the exterior staircase leading to the second-floor door — in El Valle de Antón, Panama.

Outcomes and results

 * In 2016, the book "Two hundred days in Latin America" was published, which details the route and adventures of the author.
 * Three TV stories from the cycle "Around the world with empty pockets" (author’s project with the assistance of Crimea TV and Radio company) were dedicated to Latin American Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk.
 * Information on little known natural objects in Latin America has been added to the Russian Wikipedia (over 20 articles) and illustrated with author's photos uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.

Problems, difficult moments

 * On arrival in Havana with $1 in cash, it turned out that bank cards of international standard are not functioning here.

Quote from the book
''On the street, some unknown guy asked: "I'm from Honduras, give me money." — "And I'm Russian, you give me... it will be better ." — was my answer.''

Literature

 * Pinchuk, Viktor (in ru) "Two hundred days in Latin Americar". — Simferopol: Brovko, 2017. — 210 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-0-0

authors: Виктор Пинчук


text: A Textbook of Community Medicine/Printable version


text: CAPTCHA/Printable version

title: CAPTCHA/Printable version


text:
CAPTCHA/Integration/Pre-made

Examples of Pre-made CAPTCHA

 * hCAPTCHA
 * reCAPTCHA

title: CAPTCHA/Integration/Pre-made


text:
Cookbook:Chocolate Marmalade Layer Cake

This recipe for chocolate cake uses the 6-6-6-3 method.

Ingredients

 * 6 oz self-raising flour
 * 1 tsp baking powder
 * 2 tbsp cocoa powder
 * 6 oz butter
 * 6 oz superfine sugar
 * 3 eggs
 * Marmalade
 * Powdered sugar (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 170°C fan/convection.
 * 2) Grease 2 round cake tins and line with baking paper.
 * 3) In a large bowl, sift together the flour, cocoa powder, and baking powder.
 * 4) Beat the butter and sugar together until fluffy.
 * 5) Beat in the eggs until well-combined.
 * 6) Mix in the flour mixture just until combined.
 * 7) Divide batter evenly between the prepared tins.
 * 8) Bake for 20 minutes in the preheated oven until a skewer inserted into the center comes out clean.
 * 9) Leave to cool for 10 minutes, then turn the cake out onto a cooling rack.
 * 10) When completely cool, cover one cake layer with a generous, even layer of marmalade. Place the second cake on top.
 * 11) If desired, dust the top with a small amount of powdered sugar as decoration.

title: Cookbook:Chocolate Marmalade Layer Cake


text:
User talk:160.177.179.101

JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 21:13, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:160.177.179.101


text:
Using Plasma/What is Plasma

Plasma is the graphical environment used by KDE.

title: Using Plasma/What is Plasma


text:
User talk:RealBirTawil

Bir Tawil Republic has been deleted. It appears to be an encyclopedic article which is more suitable for Wikipedia. If I have made a mistake and the page was supposed to be part of an existing book please let me know and it can be un-deleted and moved to the correct location.--Xania   talk 07:24, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:RealBirTawil


text:
Exercise as it relates to Disease/Physical exercise vs cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of panic disorder sufferers

What is the background to this research?
Panic Disorder, commonly referred to as PD, is a mental disorder affecting up to 5% of the world’s population at some stage in life. PD, often complicated by agoraphobia, is a disabling disorder that is associated with a reduced quality of life. PD not only affects quality of life but has also displayed an increased use of health care utilities, low workplace productivity, and absenteeism. Although an increased yet imprecise understanding of the cause of PD has arisen, there has been evidence of the use of effective treatments for this condition, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), pharmacological intervention, and physical exercise (PE).

Martinsen, Sandvik and Kolbjornsrud conducted a naturalistic study in 1989 with a mixed inpatient sample. Within this sample, groups of eight participated. Exercise sessions were performed each day for a minimum of one hour. These exercise regimes displayed an immediate and significant reduction of symptoms among patients with PD who were participating in the exercise treatment. In saying this, the effect of the exercise treatment did not have a long-lasting effect, with patients displaying less success at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently regarded as the most effective and successful treatment of choice for patients suffering with PD, making it an appropriate intervention, also noting that research shows the effectiveness of CBT being delivered in a group setting.

Where is the research from?
The National Program for Integrated Clinical Specialist and PhD-training for Psychologists in Norway supported the production and conduction of this study. This study was a joint cooperation between the Universities of Oslo, Bergen, Tromso, the Regional Health Authorities, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and the Norwegian Psychological Association. The funding of this program was jointly contributed by the Ministry of Health and Care Services and The Ministry of Education and Research.

What kind of research was this?
This was a randomised controlled trial which administered treatments in groups, running for 12 weeks. Physical exercise was conducted three times each week, whereas cognitive-behaviour therapy was conducted once a week. For PE and CBT intervention, a booster session was offered to each participant as a 3-month follow-up, as well as a 6- and -12-month follow up.

Follow up assessments were not a compulsory part of the study, suggesting that the overall results and effectiveness of the treatments could have been different if each participant was required to be assessed in the follow up. This research task also did not identify whether or not the participants would be medicated over the duration of the trial, which also hinders symptoms. Psychiatrist Jonathan R. T Davidson describes the long-term drug treatment as necessary and safe in the treatment of PD. Without an accurate and succinct diagnostic and pre-assessment of each participant, the assessment and result cannot be accurate.

What did the research involve?
Primary contact was initiated by telephone, where 141 subjects were supplied with information about the nature of the study and purpose. Out of the 141 subjects, 66 were invited for a detailed diagnostic interview and were scheduled for an on-site evaluation. Subjects, prior to treatment initiation, were informed that each intervention is shown to be effective treatment options for PD, however CBT has shown a higher level of documented effectiveness.

As participants were informed of the success rates regarding each treatment option, and CBT being the most successful, the participants entered treatment with higher expectations of CBT than PE. Following these two assessments, the 36 eligible participants were immediately and randomly allocated to one of the two interventions being offered. The demographic of participants sat at 80.6% female, and 19/4% male with a mean age of 37.9. Within the 36 patients, 57% lived alone. Studies show that anxiety is an increasingly common health problem among individuals who live alone. As not all of the participants lived alone, the results do not represent a fair test of treatments working to treat PD.

What were the basic results?
Over the course of the treatment, only one participant withdrew themselves from the CBT treatment, in the second session. Therefore, a total of 35 participants received treatment as planned. Several participants did not complete the follow-up assessments. With a mean age of 37.9 years, and a randomised allocation to each treatment programme, patients’ enthusiasm and self-efficacy towards their treatment options may have been low. The treatment of these sessions was administered by two members of the team, as well as attendance being monitored. If participants were unable to participate, they were instructed to perform an equivalent exercise on their own and record the details, however this was not recorded as attendance.

Sufferers of PD may avoid situations they have little to no control over and can fear oncoming situations, thus making the above compulsory participation/attendance ruling intimidating, unpleasant and uncomfortable. For sufferers of PD, unpleasant experiences of treatment could discourage participation in future.

The aim of this study was to identify the long-term benefits of PE and CBT as treatment for PD, however similar long-term studies for the treatment of PD progressed over the course, and consistent follow-ups were administered between 2 and 4 years after treatment began. To consider a 12-month treatment as evidence of ‘long-term’ results is not reliable, accurate, or succinctly measured. Studies show that consistent follow-ups and check-ins are proven to improve symptoms of PD, which this treatment did not offer.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
When the effects of PE and CBT were assessed in a combined analysis, CBT was found to have performed significantly better. Overall, physical exercise has proven to be associated with improvement to panic disorders, for more consistent and larger results we recommend the use of cognitive behaviour therapy.

The limitations of this study lies within the therapists’ ratings which were not blinded from participants, meaning an idea of superiority and academia was instilled before treatments had begun. High expectations and furthermore trust was already established before treatment commenced, meaning the conduction of the treatment may not have been equitable or a fair test.

A 6-minute walk test was administered initially, however the exercise conducted throughout the treatment got progressively harder. For patients with little to no confidence in this area or field of treatment, undergoing this form of therapy would have been stressful and fearful, while potentially lowering their expectations and success of this form of treatment for the remainder of the 12 weeks. Following on from this, agoraphobia and PD are syndromes where patients avoid places or situations they feel uncomfortable with. Being monitored during PE for 3 days a week over 12 weeks is a scenario in itself that promotes fear of the unknown, embarrassment, and social anxiety.

Although this is not the purpose of the study, the grouping and monitoring component and the randomised allocation of treatments does not support the wellbeing needs of participants involved.

Practical advice
Symptoms of panic disorder

 * Feelings of fear of death, out of control and impending doom
 * Intense worry about oncoming situations
 * Fear or avoidance of specific places

Physical symptoms include:

 * Chills
 * Trembling
 * Difficulty breathing
 * Chest Pain
 * Dizziness/Weakness
 * Nausea

The first step in curing a panic disorder is to first get a diagnosis from a health care professional.

Further information/resources
Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22874661/


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2022/July

Help moving page
Hi! Could I get some help moving Cookbook:Meringues to Cookbook:Meringue Cookies? I'd like to give it the more specific name, but the destination page already exists and I can't write over it. Thanks! -- Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 23:20, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I've put a delete tag on it. Somebody should come along and delete it. L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 06:35, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
 * ^ L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 06:36, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, I've moved the old page to a temporary place to be deleted by somebody later. Then I moved the page to where you wanted it. L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 07:31, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
 * @L10nM4st3r thanks for the help, though it looks like you moved the wrong page! The page to move was Cookbook:Meringues not Cookbook:Meringue. I know the current naming is confusing (hence the changing names). But thank you for clearing space on the destination page—I've reverted your move and moved in the correct page. Problem solved! -- Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 12:18, 15 July 2022 (UTC)


text:
Fundamental Actuarial Mathematics

Introduction
This wikibook is written for preparing the SOA Exam FAM. Before reading this book, you should have the knowledge of probability and financial mathematics, which are covered in the SOA Exam P and FM respectively, since those concepts are used in this book frequently. You may see Probability and Financial Math FM for learning more about probability and financial mathematics respectively.

There are two main parts in the exam FAM, namely short-term and long-term actuarial mathematics, and so this book will be divided into a short-term part and a long-term part as well.

Short-term

 * 1) /Insurance and Reinsurance Coverages/
 * 2) /Severity, Frequency, and Aggregate Models/
 * 3) /Parametric and Non-Parametric Estimation (short-term)/
 * 4) /Introduction to Credibility/
 * 5) /Pricing and Reserving for Short-Term Insurance Coverages/
 * 6) /Option Pricing Fundamentals/

Long-term

 * 1) /Insurance Coverages and Retirement Financial Security Programs/
 * 2) /Mortality Models/
 * 3) /Parametric and Non-Parametric Estimation (long-term)/
 * 4) /Present Value Random Variables for Long-Term Insurance Coverages/
 * 5) /Premium and Policy Value Calculation for Long-Term Insurance Coverages/

title: Fundamental Actuarial Mathematics


text: Category:Book:Fundamental Actuarial Mathematics


text:
User talk:San Francisco staffing

Award-Winning San Francisco Temporary Staffing Agency & SF Staffing and Executive Search Firm
Scion Staffing San Francisco is an award- winning temporary staffing agency and superintendent hunt establishment, connecting leading companies and associations with impeccable gift. We give exceptional San Francisco Staffing Services.

As a socially-conscious staffing company it's our thing to help our communities, commercial guests, and professed campaigners connect, profit, and grow successfully.

Looking for top gift to make your business? Connect with our assiduity leading professional platoon and learn further about what makes Scion Staffing San Francisco your ideal recruiting mate in the San Francisco, California metro region and nationally!

Scion Staffing has been awarded to the most recent “ Top Retained Administrative Hunt enterprises, ” Business Times List, “ Top Contingency Administrative Hunt enterprises, ” Business Times List, and the “ Largest Staffing enterprises( Temporary Staffing enterprises), ” Business Times List and Forbes List of Leading Administrative Hunt enterprises in the World and US as well as ClearlyRated Best of Staffing for 2020.

Our award- winning staffing agency has established a character as a leader in exceptional gift identification and placement. At Scion, we ’re concentrated on furnishing you with inconceivable gift options that match your unique working conditions and culture. No preconceived sundries we connect you to the workers you need expediently and courteously.

The foundation of Scion is embedded in the connections we ’ve mindfully cultivated with individualities, businesses and associations. We offer our guests unequaled reach into public and original networks with over seeker options, and boast an fresh private pool of over,000 completely vetted private professionals that continues to grow each day.

Our staffing divisions serve six distinct areas Commercial, Nonprofit, Information Technology( IT), Creative & Marketing, Medical/ Healthcare and Administrative Hunt. Within each division our educated babe specialize in furnishing placements across a wide variety of departments including executive, finance, operations, superintendent, information technology, creative, marketing, public relations, mortal coffers, deals, engineering, nonprofit specialties and service positions. From entry position to your superintendent staff needs, we stand ready to connect you to the gift you ’re searching for.

scionstaffingsanfrancisco.com

title: User talk:San Francisco staffing


text:
Salam, Jonathan!

Salam, Jonathan [djonatan]! (Hello, Jonathan!) is the story of a young Englishman who goes to visit his friend in another European country...or so it would seem.

It is written entirely in the language Mundeze, a language created by Djuna de Lannoy from Congo that he published in 2012. It is a translation of the book Salute, Jonathan!, which was originally written in Interlingue by Mithridates and published on Wikibooks in 2019.

Salam, Jonathan! begins with very simple language. The first words in the book are bate eni site (a man stands in a city), and it continues from there. The words the reader knows are repeated and new words are added slowly and in context, so that no dictionary is required to read it. Mundeze was created to be an international language, with a very simple and straightforward grammar. Thanks to its simplicity and regularity, you will know how to read and use it by the end of Salam, Jonathan!

The method in the book is based on the same used in books such as English by the Nature Method, Le français par la méthode nature, and L'italiano secondo il metodo natura, as well as Hans Ørberg's Lingua Latina per se Illustrata.

Curious about the true nature of the story in the book? You will begin to get clues as to the true story around Chapter 4 as the language becomes more and more complex and an actual story begins to form. salam, Jonathan! is in fact a full translation of a classic book that you are likely very familiar with. Read on to find out!

Chapters
Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13 -- Chapter 14 -- Chapter 15 -- Chapter 16 -- Chapter 17 -- Chapter 18 -- Chapter 19 -- Chapter 20 -- Chapter 21 -- Chapter 22 -- Chapter 23 -- Chapter 24 -- Chapter 25 -- Chapter 26 -- Chapter 27 -- Chapter 28 -- Chapter 29 -- Chapter 30 -- Chapter 31 -- Chapter 32 -- Chapter 33 -- Chapter 34 -- Chapter 35 -- Chapter 36 -- Chapter 37 -- Chapter 38 -- Chapter 39 -- Chapter 40 -- Chapter 41 -- Chapter 42 -- Chapter 43 -- Chapter 44 -- Chapter 45 -- Chapter 46 -- Chapter 47 -- Chapter 48 -- Chapter 49 -- Chapter 50 -- Chapter 51 -- Chapter 52 -- Chapter 53 -- Chapter 54 -- Chapter 55 -- Chapter 56 -- Chapter 57 -- Chapter 58 -- Chapter 59 -- Chapter 60 -- Chapter 61 -- Chapter 62 -- Chapter 63 -- Chapter 64 -- Chapter 65 -- Chapter 66 -- Chapter 67 -- Chapter 68 -- Chapter 69 -- Chapter 70 -- Chapter 71 -- Chapter 72 -- Chapter 73 -- Chapter 74 -- Chapter 75 -- Chapter 76 -- Chapter 77 -- Chapter 78 -- Chapter 79 -- Chapter 80 -- Chapter 81 -- Chapter 82 -- Chapter 83 -- Chapter 84 -- Chapter 85 -- Chapter 86 -- Chapter 87 -- Chapter 88 -- Chapter 89 -- Chapter 90 -- Chapter 91 -- Chapter 92 -- Chapter 93 -- Chapter 94 -- Chapter 95 -- Chapter 96 -- Chapter 97 -- Chapter 98 -- Chapter 99 -- Chapter 100

title: Salam, Jonathan!


text: Category:Book:Salam, Jonathan!

title: Category:Book:Salam, Jonathan!


text:
User:Con-struct

Please, see my German page: user Con-struct

title: User:Con-struct


text:
Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)

Viktor Pinchuk’s solo expedition to Africa (2017-18) is a project of a Russian traveler, the most problematic of the trips, which began with deportation by the authorities of the microstate and ended in a robbery, which occurred a few hours before returning home. The route included 10 countries and 11 islands.

General information

 * Duration: 6 months.
 * Period: 5.11. 2017 — 21. 04. 2018
 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk.
 * Number of participants: 1 (one).
 * Starting point: Port Louis.
 * Transit: Moscow, Dubai.
 * Number of countries visited: ten (including 11 Islands).
 * Way to get: plane.
 * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes.
 * Nature of the journey: creative trip with extreme elements.
 * Objects of interest: rarely visited by foreigners places of the planet.
 * Purpose: collecting material on the countries and peoples of Africa.
 * Format: lengthy a high-complexity hobo tour.

Places visited

 * Mauritius (the main island and Cerf). Localities: Port Louis, Quatre Bornes, Tamarin, Curepipe, Calodyne, Cap Malheureux, Surinam, Souillac, Grand-Baie, Rivière du Rempart, Belle Mare, Vieux Grand Port, Mahébourg, L'Escalie, Souillac.
 * Madagascar. Localities: Iwato, Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Ramena, Joffreville, Fianarantsoa, Ambohimahasoa (transit), Antsirabe, Talata (small village in the Lake Andraikiba area), Ambohinapetraka, Morondava, Ankilizato, Marofototra.
 * Comoros (islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli). Localities: Moroni, Mutsamudu, Lingoni, Koni-Djodjo, Domoni, Bambao Mtrouni, Djoièzi, Mbini, Itsamia, Fomboni, Hoani, Shindini, Ivoini, Tsidjé.
 * Tanzania (islands: Zanzibar, Changuu). Localities: Stone Town (capital of Zanzibar), Kitsimkazi-Mtendeni, Chwaka, Nangwi, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Kilambo (mozambican border).
 * Mozambique (islands: Mozambique, Bazaruto, Benguerra). Localities: Namoto (border point), Mocímboa da Praia, Nampula, Monapo, Stone Town (main town of Mozambique Island), Gorongosa, Inhassoro, Vilankulo, Maxixe, Inhambane, Maputo, Chicualacuala (Zimbabwe border).
 * Zimbabwe. Localities: Sango, Masvingo, Ngundu, Muzikawanu (tiny village), Harare, Karoi, Marongora, Bulawayo, Robert Sinyoka, Victoria Falls, Kazungula border.
 * Botswana. Settlements: Kasane, Maun, Nokaneng, Qangwa, Xai-Xai (tiny village), Ghanzi, Trail Blazers (ethno village), Tsabong, Bokspits, Middlepits, Gaborone.
 * South Africa. Settlements: Johannesburg, Cape Town, George, Plettenberg Bay, Oudshoorn, Kimberley, Bloemfontein, Sani Pass (border), Underberg, Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt, Ladysmith (transit), Phuthaditjhaba (QwaQwa), Clarens, Dundee, Vryheid (transit), Pongola, Onverwacht (Swaziland border), Nelspruit (Mbombela), Bushbuckridge (transit), Grascope, Leroro, Lydenburg (Mashishing), Witbank (Emalahleni), Pretoria.
 * Lesotho. Localities: Maseru, Ha Phallang), Semonkong, Ha Moahloli, Matebeng, Mokhotlong (transit).
 * Swaziland. Localities: Nsalitje (border), Hluti (transit), Nhlangano, Manzini, Ezulwini, Mbabane, Ngwenya, Piggs Peak, Matsamo border.

Мap of the route

The methods applied
In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used:
 * On the property under construction: in a three-storey unfinished building, Quatre Bornes (Mauritius).
 * In abandoned dwelling: near Souillac village (Mauritius).
 * In the company of native bums: in the port of Mutsamudu on Anjouan Island (Comoros).
 * At the police station: in Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland (many times).
 * In Aboriginal dwellings: on the dirt floor in a 2x2m student's den (Moroni, Grande Comore); in a small one-storey house where more than 10 people slept on floors and beds (Botswana); near the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (Botswana); in Phuthaditjhaba (South Africa); in a decrepit hut at the entrance to the Kruger National Park (South Africa).
 * Under the open sky: on a hillside in Port Louis (Mauritius), on the roof of historic ruins near Pointe du Diable (Mauritius), in the forest near the Mare Aux Joncs falls (Mauritius); in the company of drivers near the island of Mozambique, on the oceanfront of Benguerra Island (Mozambique).
 * In accommodation for the indigenous poor: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Antsirabe, Morondawa (Madagascar); Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara (Tanzania); Mosimboa da Praia, Gorongosa, Inassoro (Mozambique); Harare, Karoi, Bulawayo (Zimbabwe)
 * In hostels: In Masvingo, Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe); in Cape Town (South Africa).
 * In public toilets: in the washroom corridor of the Oudshoorn police station (South Africa), at the Sani Pass border post.
 * In a seated position when travelling by minibus: in Madagascar (many times).
 * On the concrete floor of the international airport terminal: Iwato (Madagascar).
 * On the staircase of a travel agency: in Grand-Baie, Mauritius.
 * On the metal deck of the ship Noora, which has not left port for several days due to stormy weather: in Moroni, Grande Comore Island.
 * Under the awning on the doorstep of a tiny shop: Bazaruto Island.
 * On the bus station platform: in Maputo (Mozambique).
 * On the concrete floor in a rented non-closed room: Maputo (Mozambique).
 * On the floor of an empty room in the company of passengers bound for Zimbabwe: Chicualacuala (Mozambique).
 * On the floor of a small school: in the village of Xai-Xai (Botswana).
 * On the concrete floor of a tiny room designed for the staff of a petrol station near Paul Sauer Bridge, South Africa.
 * At the Remmogo victim support center: Leroro village, South Africa.

Outcomes and results

 * In 2018, the book "Holiday of wandering mzungu" was published, detailing the route of the expedition and all the misadventures of the sole participant.

Problems, difficult moments

 * On 7 November 2017, Russian traveller was detained at Seychelles international airport and deported to Moscow three days later as an illegal immigrant under the pretext of not having a hotel reservation.
 * On 25 December 2017, a passenger arriving for check-in at Iwato International Airport, Madagascar, was denied boarding on an Antananarivo — Moroni flight; the reason was that the ticket was not confirmed.
 * On January 2, 2018, while near the village of Djoièzi on Moheli Island, was cut off from the road leading back by a sudden rising tide, having a camera with footage of the entire period, money and documents.
 * On January 7, 2019, after some days of stormy weather on Moheli Island, ventured out to sail with two brave men; the helmsman, all the road prayed to Allah, while the dark-skinned passenger was silent.

Materials in Wikisource project

 * Viktor Pinchuk  "African style robbery"

Literature

 * Pinchuk, Viktor (in ru) "Holiday of wandering mzungu". — Simferopol: Btovko, 2018. — 180 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-4-8

authors: Виктор Пинчук


text:
Cookbook:Igisafuliya (Rwandan Chicken Stew)

Igisafuliya, also called igisafrya or igisafuria, is a typical Rwandan meal that is very straightforward and bursting with flavor. In Kinyarwanda, the nation's official language, its name translates to "pot"—as the name suggests, the dish is simply made by combining all the ingredients in one pot.

Ingredients

 * Olive oil
 * Chicken
 * Bell peppers
 * Leeks
 * Onions
 * Tomatoes
 * Celery
 * Tomato paste
 * Water
 * Salt
 * Black pepper, ground
 * Peeled plantains
 * Whole chile pepper

Equipment

 * Knife
 * Pot
 * Stove
 * Chopping board

Procedure

 * 1) Heat a thin layer of olive oil in a pot over medium-high heat. Add the chicken, and sear until browned on both sides.
 * 2) Add the peppers, leeks, and onions. Cook, stirring intermittently, for 10 minutes.
 * 3) Mix well, and add the tomatoes, celery, and tomato paste. Cook for 15 minutes over medium heat, stirring frequently.
 * 4) Add water, salt, and pepper. Bring to a boil, and simmer for about 15 minutes over low heat.
 * 5) Remove the chicken, arrange the plantains on top, add the spinach and chile pepper on top of that, and then replace the chicken. If additional water is required to completely cover the bananas, add it now.
 * 6) Cover the pot, and simmer for about 25 minutes over low heat. There should be plenty of sauce remaining after cooking.
 * 7) Serve.


text:
A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/2023

This is for the AQA A Level Computer Science Specification.

This is where suggestions can be made about what some of the questions might be and how we can solve them.

Please be respectful and do not vandalise the page, as this would affect students' preparation for exams!

Please do not discuss questions on this page. Instead use the discussion page.

The A Level exam involving this Skeleton Program has been completed. Good luck to everyone waiting for results!

Section C Predictions
The 2023 paper 1 will contain 6 questions worth 13 marks. As long as you know the program well, this will be a walk in the park:

Here are a mock set of questions (for Python 3):

7.1 State the name of an identifier for a public method in the Dastan class [1 mark]

7.2 Explain why this method is public and not private [2 marks]

8. How many points do you lose when you choose a move from position 1, 2 and 3 in the queue? [2 marks]

9.1 Suppose you wanted to display the grid with 8 by 8 cells. What would you modify in the program? [1 mark]

9.2. State the name of an identifier for a class that inherits from another class  [1 mark]

9.3 State the name of an identifier for a private method that has three parameters (including the object parameter). [1 mark]

10.1 State the name of an identifier that is a Boolean variable [1 mark]

10.2 What is the random module used for in the pre-release? [1 mark]

11.1 State the name of a built-in function [1 mark]

11.2 What effect does the super routine in class Kotla have? [1 mark]

12. Give an example from the code of an object instantiation? [1 mark]

13. give an example and reason for the use of polymorphism in the code? [3 marks]

Answers

7.1 State the name of an identifier for a public method in the Dastan class [1 mark] PlayGame

7.2 Explain why this method is public and not private [2 marks] It allows it to be accessed from outside the class by the main functions, otherwise if it was a private method this would not be possible.

8. How many points do you lose when you choose a move from position 1, 2 and 3 in the queue? [2 marks] 1,4,7

9.1 Suppose you wanted to display the grid with 8 by 8 cells. What would you modify in the program? [1 mark] Change this line: ThisGame = Dastan(6, 6, 4) to ThisGame = Dastan(8, 8, 4)

9.2 State the name of an identifier for a class that inherits from another class [1 mark] Kotla

9.3 State the name of an identifier for a private method that has three parameters (including the object parameter). [1 mark] e.g. __CreateMoveOption

10.1 State the name of an identifier that is a Boolean variable [1 mark] e.g. GameOver

10.2 What is the random module used for in the pre-release? [1 mark] Randomly selects the move offer option

11.1 State the name of a built-in function [1 mark] eg. print, int, float, input, str

11.2 What effect does the super routine in class Kotla have? [1 mark] Can use method class in the parent class, even if overridden

12. Give an example from the code of object instantiation? [1 mark] Thisgame= Dastan(6,6,4)

Section D Predictions
Programming Questions on Skeleton Program

 * The 2023 paper 1 contains 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark question, a 10 mark question and one 13 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
 * The 2022 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark question, a 11 mark question and one 13 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
 * The 2021 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark question, a 9 mark question and one 14 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
 * The 2020 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark question, a 11 mark question and one 12 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
 * The 2019 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark question, a 9 mark question and one 13 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
 * The 2018 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 2 mark question, a 5 mark question, two 9 mark questions, and one 12 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s).
 * The 2017 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 5 mark question, three 6 mark questions, and one 12 mark question.

Current questions are speculation by contributors to this page.

New Move: TibbleCross
Description of problem: The program is to be extended with a new type of move called the "TibbleCross". This move can allow a piece to go up two spaces diagonally from its starting position in any direction ( NW, NE, SE, SW ).

Add this move so it appears first in the queue of moves for both players.

Select the move and test it by selecting piece "22" and then moving to row/column "44"

 * 1) creds to ella and yani

New Move: rook
Description of problem: Add a new move which moves forward until the piece hits the end of the board or hits another piece

Checking validity of a move
Description of problem: When choosing where to move a piece, you must input the start square and finish square. If a valid start square is chosen, but an invalid destination square, the program will move on without prompting the player to re-enter. Alter the code to prompt the user to re-enter the finish square until a valid square is given.

New Move: spacejump
Description of problem: Add a new move called a spacejump which moves the chosen piece to a random place on the board. It can't land on your own pieces, but everywhere else is fine. The player cannot choose where the piece will end up. The spacejump move will not be added to the queue of moves, instead a player is allowed one per game that can be used whenever they choose in lieu of a queue choice. Test by allowing player 1 to use the option from square 22 and then player 2 from square 55. Player 1 will not have the option displayed on their next turn.

UserName input
At the beginning of the game allow each user to enter their own name to be used as a replacement to "Player One" and "Player Two"

Show where the piece can move
Description of problem: At the moment when selecting a move the player is expected to remember the ways in which move can be applied. Modify the program so that, once a piece has been selected a '^' symbol appears in the squares into which that piece can be moved based on the move selected. - Resolve using method A1 specification

Any improvements would be appreciated. Sub DisplayPotentialMoves(ByVal Choice As Integer, ByVal SquareReference As Integer, ByVal CurrentPlayer As Player) Console.Write(Environment.NewLine & "  ") For Column = 1 To NoOfColumns Console.Write(Column.ToString & " ") Next Console.Write(Environment.NewLine & " ") For Count = 1 To NoOfColumns Console.Write("---") Next Console.WriteLine("-")

For Row = 1 To NoOfRows Console.Write(Row.ToString & " ") For Column = 1 To NoOfColumns Dim Index As Integer = GetIndexOfSquare(Row * 10 + Column) Console.Write("|" & Board(Index).GetSymbol) Dim PieceInSquare As Piece = Board(Index).GetPieceInSquare

If (CheckSquareIsValid(Row * 10 + Column, False) And CurrentPlayer.CheckPlayerMove(Choice, SquareReference, Row * 10 + Column)) Then Console.Write("^") ElseIf PieceInSquare Is Nothing Then Console.Write(" ") Else Console.Write(PieceInSquare.GetSymbol) End If               Next Console.WriteLine("|") Next Console.Write(" -") For Column = 1 To NoOfColumns Console.Write("---") Next Console.WriteLine Console.WriteLine End Sub

Random start queue
Description of problem: Randomize the players move queue at the beginning of the game so that the players do not start with the same queue at the beginning of every game.

Choose where to put Kotla and Mirza
Description of problem: At the beginning of the game, allow players the option to choose where they place their (Kotla and Mirza) together at the back of their side of the board. For example: Player One can place their Kotla and Mirza between (1,1) to (1,6) and Player Two can place their Kotla and Mirza between (6,1) and (6,6).

Move option offer ends turn.
Description of problem: Currently, if a player accepts the move option offer (so for example, player 1 takes the jazair offer and replaces the ryott), they then get exactly the same choices again:. This is what the Preliminary Material says will happen "Taking the move option from the offer does not count as a move" ... it is still that player's turn. However, your challenge is to change this, so it DOES count as a turn, and if they choose 9, it goes on to the next player.

Cooper and Rhys

User MoveOption Input Validation
Description of problem: Currently you can crash the game when asked to choose "use from queue (1 to 3) or 9 to take the offer" by entering non-integer input.

Validate user input forcing it to be an integer, for choosing 1, 2, 3 or 9, and, if 9 was chosen, for then choosing the move option to replace. A good way to do this is to write a method  in the   class, and call this method in , passing it the required prompt strings in the two situations where it needs to be called. The method should return the user's input. For now, I would not validate whether it is an appropriate integer, just that it is in fact an integer. To do this you will need to use, and a   loop.

- This fixes any non integer input from crashing the game in all the inputs in the game. - It also makes it so that when you input a wrong number in    "Enter the square to move to (row number followed by column number):"   to let you put it again until the correct input of the chosen move. - If you notice a mistake do fix it and if any improvements can be made, please do so :)

Create a class that inherits from the Square Class
Description of problem: You should also see that the Kotla class has some extra lines in the method. The child class can add extra attributes and methods, and can alter existing methods.

This example which is already in the code, could be used to model another subclass. For example a "portal" which automatically moves any piece which goes onto it to a certain point. Or a "booster" square which increases the player's score. I'm not sure what the exam in the summer will ask you to do, but my money is on some kind of new class, based on the Kotla model.

For now, try a "portal" class, which will be placed on square 42 for player 1 and 35 for player 2. Any of the player's own pieces which go to this square should magically move to the other player's mirza and win the game.

Potential Questions:

Make the board larger (or allow the user to set the board size).

User help / info / tutorial page.

New class to allow for saving and loading the game.

Limit the number of times the offer option can be taken in a turn.

Undo move option.

Display scores at the end.

Instead of one offer generated, generate three random offers for the user to pick from.

End the game when one person's score reaches 0 or goes negative.
.

.

..


text:
LPI Linux Certification/OpenVPN

Detailed Objectives (212.5)
(LPIC-2 Version 4.5)

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure a VPN (Virtual Private Network) and create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections.

Key Knowledge Areas:
 * OpenVPN

Terms and Utilities:

Description
OpenVPN is a virtual private network (VPN) system that implements techniques to create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections in routed or bridged configurations and remote access facilities. It implements both client and server applications. The official website is openvpn.net.

Motivation
Due to ongoing development, many of the information available for OpenVPN on the web can no longer be used. This book is intended to provide assistance based on currently available software. This does not mean that the very latest software is the basis of the descriptions. If possible, the versions used are mentioned here. The description should avoid technical terms as far as possible. Anyone can make additions and changes here.

Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome

On Windows
The executable files are available on https://openvpn.net/community-downloads.

Consider, for 64 bit systems the 32 bit binary does not work. You need the 64 executable file. For example, for Windows. The following instructions was tested with the OpenVPN 2.5.7 version.

If only keys are to be created, it is sufficient to use these files: https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa/releases.

E.g: EasyRSA-3.1.0-win64.zip

During the installation process, the installer ask for quick install or custom install. Use custom installation. Espically, click all extensions to install. In particular, easyrsa is needed if you want to create certificates. OpenVPN installs some folders and files. If you want to install it in  you need administrator rights or you need to give everyone write rights in the   folder. However, the fewest problems and surprises arise from installing OpenVPN in.

Create keys and certificates
If you have to realized highest security, the keys and certificates have to generated on a computer that has no network connection, let alone an Internet connection, and will never do so again in the future. A certificate (*.crt) and an associated private key (*.key) shall never be transmitted over the same way. A private key (*.key) should only be in one place at a time. Compare a  to your credit card and the   to your credit card PIN.

OpenSSL
Keys and certificates can easily be generated with OpenSSL. OpenSSL is not a part of Windows. OpenSSL is also not as a single software package available. However, usable OpenSSL is part of some software packages. A search for "openssl.exe" in the  folder shows whether OpenSSL was along the way installed another time. Git use very up to date OpenSSL. But e.g. OpenVPN also contains OpenSSL. When you find, double-click on it; if no error message appears, it is already the usuable command line. If it's not there, install e.g. the OpenVPN software.

The certificates and keys should be stored clearly at one place. A folder can be created for this as follows:.

Into this folder is to place a configuration file, following with a minimal content: [req] distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name [req_distinguished_name] [v3_req]

At first, the central secret core RSA key is to be created. In addition, a pass phrase must be entered twice, which must be remembered. genrsa -aes256 -out C:/myvpnfiles/ca.key 2048
 * Core key and certificate

After that, the certificate can be created: req -new -x509 -sha256 -days 36500 -key C:/myvpnfiles/ca.key -subj '/CN=fooCore' -out C:/myvpnfiles/ca.crt -config C:/myvpnfiles/myopenssl.cnf

These steps for generating the RSA key and certificate are to be repeated for the server and the clients.

These two commands above can also be combined into one statement. With  it is also specified for the server that no pass phrase is assigned here. A pass phrase would require special measures on the server and is not necessary since the server is owned by us.
 * Server

req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -subj '/CN=fooServer1' -keyout C:/myvpnfiles/server1.key -out C:/myvpnfiles/server1.csr -config C:/myvpnfiles/myopenssl.cnf

Now the certificate is to be validated: x509 -req -sha256 -CA C:/myvpnfiles/ca.crt -CAkey C:/myvpnfiles/ca.key -days 36500 -in C:/myvpnfiles/server1.csr -CAcreateserial -out C:/myvpnfiles/server1.crt

For the clients, the steps are repeated in the same way as for the server. However, a end user pass phrase is assigned here. Because the client files are given to someone else. If these files accidentally fall into the wrong hands, they remain useless without the pass phrase. req -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/CN=fooClient1' -keyout C:/myvpnfiles/client1.key -out C:/myvpnfiles/client1.csr -config C:/myvpnfiles/myopenssl.cnf
 * Clients

x509 -req -sha256 -CA C:/myvpnfiles/ca.crt -CAkey C:/myvpnfiles/ca.key -days 36500 -in C:/myvpnfiles/client1.csr -CAcreateserial -out C:/myvpnfiles/client1.crt

For more clients these steps are to be repaeted with name client2 or something else.

For the server are additional Diffie Hellmann params required for the encrypted transmission. These values are stored in a file dh.pem. This is just a parameter file, which is in no way required for the previously generated keys or certificates. dhparam -out C:/myvpnfiles/dh.pem 2048
 * Additionals

One and the same dh-file can be used for several servers, since the values only are used for software support.

Easy-RSA
Precondisioned OpenVPN is installed in a folder with full write permissions. The core key and certificate are generated as follows:

 * 1) Go to  . Run
 * 2)   A new pki folder will be created.
 * 3)   There you have to put in a password, called a passphrase, and a server name. For the server name, you can use the default name inside the square brackets "fooCore" or another. You will get the files   and  . These files are the core files for all other generations. Don't lose them and put them in a safe place. If you lose control of your private CA key, you can no longer trust any certificate.

The files for keys and certificates for a server are generated with this commands. "server1" can be replaced by any other name:
 * 1)    Use , since it is usually not possible to use passwords on a server. These files are generated:  ,.
 * 2)   generates.
 * 3)   does generate.
 * Alternatively all the commands before can be processed with one command:

Furthermore files for keys and certificates for a client device are required. "client1" can be replaced by any other name.
 * 1)   These files are generated: ,   and.

title: LPI Linux Certification/OpenVPN


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...d6/4. Nf3/4...Nxe4/5. d4

= Petrov's Defense = The Classical Attack in the Petrov is the most popular continuation to Black's natural 4...Nxe4. The overwhelmingly popular 5...d5 defends the knight and defends the center; White will attempt to attack Black's e4 knight and attack Black's d5 pawn with Bd3 and c4 respectively while Black will defend against White's ideas with all their might.

As mentioned above, 5...d5 is almost 20 times more popular than the second most popular move, 5...Be7, which often transposes into the main lines of the Classical Attack. Most Petrov lines have a higher than average draw percentage due to the highly symmetrical positions in the opening.

= Theory Table =

'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4'''


text:
User talk:DaSupremo

Ghanaian editor

title: User talk:DaSupremo


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation, Yugoslav Attack = The Yugoslav Attack continues with 7...O-O. In the Yugoslav, Black castles kingside while White castles queenside, leading to an opposite-side-castling game where speed is important. Black often pushes on the queenside with a5 and b5 and continues advancing those pawns, while White plays g4 and h4 and continues advancing those pawns. The fianchettoed bishop on g7 is a key piece in Black's attack on the kingside and what makes the Dragon the Dragon.

White's most popular continuation is 8. Qd2, preparing for a queenside castle.

Second is 8. Bc4, which often transposes to the main line.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation, Yugoslav Attack = Qd2 is the most popular continuation. White prepares to castle queenside, but typically doesn't play Bh6 to exchange bishops. This opposite-castling game leads to sharp attacking positions where the two side pawns open the king's castle.

Overwhelmingly popular (160 times more popular in the chess.com database than the second most popular) is 8...Nc6.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation, Yugoslav Attack = Black continues with 8...Nc6. White can either develop the LSB with Bc4, start an early kingside attack with g4, or castle straight away with O-O-O, but in almost all variations from this point White castles queenside and an attack is started on both sides of the board.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6/9. Bc4

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon, Main Line = Bc4 develops the bishop to a good square, pinning the f7 pawn and aiming at the Black king and kingside to attack. On the next move White will castle queenside and a fierce attack is on!


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6/9. Bc4/9...Bd7

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon, Main Line = Bd7 develops the bishop to its only good square at the moment. This move also has a second purpose: to free the c8 square for the rook. In the Open Sicilians, Black gets a half open c-file in exchange for White's half-open d-file, and Bd7/Rc8 is a good way to take advantage of it. Rc8 also threatens White's c4-bishop, forcing it to move out of danger with most commonly Bb3.


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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6/9. Bc4/9...Bd7/10. O-O-O

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon, Main Line = White castles queenside. Black should aim at White's king with Rc8 or Qa5 next, but other moves such as Ne5 are possible. Both sides often use their pawns on a6 and b6 (Black) or g2 and h2 (White) to open lines on the side they are attacking.


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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6/9. Bc4/9...Bd7/10. O-O-O/10...Rc8

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon, Old Line = Black takes advantage of the half-open c-file they received in the Open Sicilian, and aims at the hanging c4-bishop. As Nxd4 Qxd4 Ng4! takes advantage of the overworked White queen and Black is attacking both bishops at once, White typically moves the bishop to safety with Bb3, keeping an eye on the Black king.


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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...O-O/8. Qd2/8...Nc6/9. Bc4/9...Bd7/10. O-O-O/10...Rc8/11. Bb3

= Sicilian Defense, Dragon, Old Line = White correctly moves their bishop out of the c8 rook's line of fire with Bb3, keeping watch over Black's kingside. Now pawn attacks begin on both sides, and speed and tempi are very important in these such attacks.


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effect of different physical exercise on sedentary behavior in inactive obese males

This wiki book aims to critique the research study 'Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Levels in Inactive Obese Males: A Crossover Trial' by Matos et al.

What is the background to this research?
The research that is being critiqued aims to promote physical activity activity in men who are deemed obese and decrease time spent in sedentary behaviour. The presence of obesity has been increasing worldwide for many decades it has gotten so large that data in 2016 showed 13.1% of the global population was obese while 38.9% was overweight. The research wanted to demonstrate of using low volume Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE) and High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) on inactive males to decrease their sedentary behavior and increase habitual physical activity levels. The use on of MICE and HIIE has shown many study that can be linked to many beneficials areas of the body not just losing weight. Some examples are working memory and cognitive flexibility these shows significant effects using MICE and HIIE for increasing psychological and physical traits.

The increase sedentary behaviour started a multitude of problems. factors such as environment, traffic congestion, shortage of parks and pedestrian pathways, laziness, use of phones or other devices and many. Sedentary lifestyle can detrimentally effect health and also brings more risk to non communicable diseases. Approaches of using MICE and HIIE for obese men also shows issues where using one physical exercise training session as a mean to lose weight can lead towards increase sedentary behaviour due to a increase in fatigue.

The purpose of the study is to determined if using MICE and HIIE is beneficial for inactive obese men as a means to promote exercise.

Where is the research from?
The study was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The article was publish on september 18, 2019 in the journal of Sports Science and Medicine. The Journal of Sport Science and Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed covering information about sport and medicine.

Majority of the Authors attend the university of Rio Grande do Norte which is a university that is funded by the Brazilian federal government. The university has a reputation of being one of the most top prestigious university in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The Author that was affiliated in this research called Eduardo Caldas Costa has done many closely related researches. One related research that Eduardo Caldas Costa was in 'Effects of music on psychophysiological responses during high intensity interval training using body weight exercises'. Researched showed an increase of stimulus using preferred music which gave a positive effect of responses such as HR, blood lactate and Fatigue when comparing to non-preferred music

What kind of research was this?
The research was a randomized crossover trial, the study analysed the effects of a single session of HIIE and MICE. It was conducted with a total of 17 participants and the data consisted over 7 days. Randomized crossover trials are efficient as getting rid of patient variation is more efficient than parallels group trials. Trials are usually restricted to short term as the aim towards chronic diseases or processes the diseases over short time. Other study showed a more lengthen time which was over a 12 week period. The aim of the study was to see if replacing butter with margarine is beneficial on lipoprotein in subjects that have hypercholesterolemia.

What did the research involve?
The study was conducted to analyze the effects of a single low-volume HIIE and MICE session. Once the participants made the criteria for the study then completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire the participants were then conducted on a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill. The participants then were randomized to complete a session in a one-week interval. The participants then performed two exercise sessions and one controlled session Figure 1: Tests and session the participants accomplished in the randomized crossover trial

After all the sessions the participants were then monitored over seven days by an accelerometer.

The methodology of the data was shown to have effect in losing weight in other study. Due to the nature of methods that participants went through it would not determined anything from a limited time of one week. The limitations from the methods above is firstly the lack of participants, the study only had 17 participants who were suitable for the study. With the lack of sample sized came lack of time of experiment. The goal was to use one session to monitor sedentary behavior but as results show increase sedentary was achieved.

What were the basic results?
figure 2: variables of the data during the study

The main findings of the data showed no differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels in the 7 day period. The study claimed that there hypothesis was correct that doing the sessions of HIIE and MICE would elicit a negative effect in reducing physical activity and therefore increasing sedentary behavior. The study claimed that the exercise session and intervention length were significantly associated with change in physical activity level during exercise. therefore declaring that longer the session was the more it decreased physical activity level. The use of short sessions was to imply for less DOMS delayed onset muscle soreness, which would help more in daily living. The other studies that compared sedentary behavior and MICE/HIIE shows a correlation of sedentary behaviour increasing and habitual physical activity decrease. The researchers imply that the study did not have an influence on decreasing sedentary behaviour on obese males. They came to conclusion that HIIE and MICE should be considered for inactive obese males but, given it does not reduce physical activity and increases sedentary behaviour.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
The researchers provided a very basic conclusion which was that a single session of MICE and HIIE will increase sedentary behaviour and decrease physicals activity. As the data implies the outcome could not change behaviour of the participants. Though the problems of this study comes from the lack of time and also the sample size of the participants. A study by ' International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity' showed results of a systematic search that interventions such as workplace or screen time for young children has decreased sedentary behavior. The study also claims that sedentary behaviour combined with physical activity interventions shows a larger decrease in reduce sitting time. Also the benefit of both MICE and HIIE can be differed into one being more difficult than the other. A study by Int J Environ Res Public Health exclaimed that MICE was a more beneficial and positive session comparing to HIIE. So, for introducing more obese/inactive people to exercise a good start would be to use MICE as enjoyment levels would be higher and increase chance of coming back for another session.

Practical advice

 * HIIE and MICE are both practical use of increasing physical activity and losing weight
 * Considered training with someone as it helps engage more and shows more benefit overall
 * Always consider who the patient is and how they would react to a exercise session that you provide the intensity of.

Further information/resources

 * Interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviours in young people: A review of reviews - https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29911/1/Interventions%20designed%20to%20reduce%20seds%20review%20%28VU%20IR%2025-1-16%29.pdf
 * World Health Organization on diabetes - https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_3
 * World Health Organization on guidelines of physical and Sedentary behaviour - https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128


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Popular Music/Music fan statistics

This page gives statistics on the fans of several genres of music, as well as the fans of several musical artists. Music unites us, and as humans, we enjoy listening to music. Different people have different tastes, and this diversity should be celebrated and embraced every day. Good friends celebrate both their differences and their similarities when it comes to musical tastes. So, without further ado, here are some statistics for genres and artists.

Part 1: Genres
In July 2018, a study was conducted to find the general population's taste in music. This study collected a sample of 3,000 respondents. The respondents were collected fairly in accordance with official information from the 2010 U.S. census to ensure national representation. As you would expect, both males and females enjoy music, and people of all ages enjoy music, though the genders and age groups have slightly different probabilities of choosing certain genres of music.

Overall, classic rock is the most preferred genre, being chosen by 48% of the 3,000 respondents. Forty-one percent (41%) chose pop music, while 40% chose rock 'n' roll.

By age, classic rock, rock, and rock 'n' roll all skewed older, with preference generally increasing with age. For example, 62% of people aged 45-54 preferred classic rock, while only 26% of people aged 16-19 preferred classic rock. On the other hand, pop music, hip hop/rap, and indie/alternative were biased toward the younger age groups. Fifty-two percent (52%) of people 16-19 and 54% of people 20-24 preferred pop music, while only 25% of people above 65 preferred pop music.

By gender, pop music fans and country/western music fans skewed female while EDM fans skewed male. The bias is not particularly large, as none of the genres broke a 2:1 ratio on the dominant gender. Forty-one percent (41%) of pop music fans are male while 59% are female. On the other hand, 63% of EDM fans are male while 37% are female.

Part 2: Justin Bieber
Justin Bieber rose to stardom in 2007 at age 13, when he started his first YouTube channel and was discovered by Scooter Braun, who later became his manager. In 2009, he began releasing music as a singer and songwriter, releasing "One Time" on May 18, 2009. It was also around that time when Vevo, a Hulu-like platform for music videos, was just starting. He started his second YouTube channel, his Vevo channel, on September 25, 2009. Five months later, he released the video for his single, "Baby", which, after another five months, went on to become YouTube's most viewed video with over 250 million views.

He has a huge following, having over 255 million Instagram followers and 114 million Twitter followers as of September 2022. While it is surprisingly hard to get an explicit number for how many Justin Bieber fans there are today, there are several online pages I could find that can give us clues as to that number's ballpark and magnitude.

In the week of April 7-11, 2014, several news outlets reported the prevalence of "Bieber fever" in the United States. A Huffpost article, dated April 8, 2014, published the results of an Estately survey that was used to find the Belieber proportions in the states and the Canadian provinces. The people who conducted the survey were kind enough to give the percentages down to hundredths of a percent. All 50 states ranged between 6% and 10%. Washington State had the lowest percentage of Justin Bieber fans, at only 6.82%, while Rhode Island had the highest percentage (9.33%). Rhode Island is tied with Wisconsin at 9.33%, and Alabama is not far behind (9.23% of Alabama's residents are Justin Bieber fans). Although April 2014 is a long time ago in the context of Justin Bieber and his timeline as a famous star, a string of news articles that are generous enough to give precision on the level of 10−4 is way too good to pass up. And hey, given the shortage of online information about statistics of Justin Bieber fans, I'll take what I can find.

Using the information in the above paragraph, since the minimum was 6.82% and the maximum was 9.33%, that means the overall percentage was somewhere between 6.82% and 9.33%. Using the fact that the U.S. population was 318,400,000 in 2014, we can multiply this number by 6.82% and 9.33% to see that the Justin Bieber fan population was somewhere between 20 million and 30 million.

318,400,000 × 0.0682 = 21,714,880

318,400,000 × 0.0933 = 29,706,720

On February 14, 2011, the Weekend Box Office revealed that the audience for Justin Bieber's Never Say Never movie was 84% female. In the same audience, two-thirds of the viewers were under 25 years of age. A handful of other articles about concerts in 2010, 2011, and 2012 also gave estimates of 80%, 85%, or 90% female when describing those who attended the concerts.

Part 3: BTS
The BTS Army has sampled over 400,000 BTS fans around the world. Of the 403,500 fans surveyed, 348,377 (86.34%) identified as female, while only 45,600 (11.30%) identified as male. In a sign of the times, 2,962 fans identified as non-binary.

The sample also found that BTS has attracted a largely younger audience. More than half (50.31% to be more precise) were under 18, and fans 18-29 accounted for 42.59%. Only 6.26% of fans were in their 30s or 40s (30s: 4.24%; 40s: 2.02%).

Other samples found a far more feminine gender ratio. The official results on the official BTS Army Census website found 96.23% of 562,275 fans to be female.

title: Popular Music/Music fan statistics


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Popular Music/Beliebers and Probability

Justin Bieber has had a huge international following since his rise to stardom in 2007. He has over 255 million Instagram followers and 114 million Twitter followers as of September 2022. The concepts of being a "Justin Bieber fan" or being a "Justin Bieber hater" are frequently discussed by today's music fans. Given how prevalent these topics are, you would seriously think that someone, somewhere would have conducted a survey to find demographical information about the Justin Bieber fans, or Beliebers. How many Justin Bieber fans are there? What fraction of the Justin Bieber fans are female? In a perfect world, the answers to these two hotly discussed questions would be readily and easily accessible on the web. Sadly, we don't live in a perfect world, and reality is harsh sometimes. Even so, after some digging and some trial and error with several different search queries, I could find at least two news articles that can be used as clues to find the ballpark and magnitude of the fan club's size.

Number of Beliebers in the US (April 2014)
In the week of April 7-11, 2014, several news outlets reported the prevalence of "Bieber fever" in the United States. A Huffpost article, dated April 8, 2014, published the results of an Estately survey that was used to find the Belieber proportions in the states and the Canadian provinces. The people who conducted the survey were kind enough to give the percentages down to hundredths of a percent. All 50 states ranged between 6% and 10%. Washington State had the lowest percentage of Justin Bieber fans, at only 6.82%, while Rhode Island had the highest percentage (9.33%). Rhode Island is tied with Wisconsin at 9.33%, and Alabama is not far behind (9.23% of Alabama's residents are Justin Bieber fans). Although April 2014 is a long time ago in the context of Justin Bieber and his timeline as a famous star, a string of news articles that are generous enough to give precision on the level of 10−4 is way too good to pass up. And hey, given the shortage of online information about statistics of Justin Bieber fans, I'll take what I can find.

Using the information in the above paragraph, since the minimum was 6.82% and the maximum was 9.33%, that means the overall percentage was somewhere between 6.82% and 9.33%. Using the fact that the U.S. population was 318,400,000 in 2014, we can multiply this number by 6.82% and 9.33% to see that the Justin Bieber fan population was somewhere between 20 million and 30 million.

318,400,000 × 0.0682 = 21,714,880

318,400,000 × 0.0933 = 29,706,720

Now that the US population is considerably higher than it was eight years ago (today it is around 330 million), and the 2015 Purpose album converted many people into fans (evidence to be given shortly), the true numbers as of 2022 are presumably considerably higher than they were in 2014. While we don't have information on how many non-fans converted to fans, a December 2015 by the Business Insider stated that Bieber's "new dance-pop sound — a genre called 'tropical house,' which is a mix of electronic dance music and Caribbean vibes — has grown men that had never even heard of Bieber before falling in love with his music." Again, no specific numbers on how many or what percent, but large enough for Business Insider and several other news outlets around that time to say that adult males are a "new audience" for Justin Bieber thanks to his new album.

Gender Demographics (February 2011)
On February 14, 2011, the Weekend Box Office reported that the audience for Justin Bieber's Never Say Never movie was 84% female. This ballpark is reinforced by several other news articles about concerts in 2010, 2011, and 2012. A November 2012 concert was reported to be 85% female, while other concert articles gave 80% and 90% as "round number" estimates.

A Visual.ly presentation titled, "If Justin Bieber Fans Were a Country", gave the gender distribution as 21% male and 79% female. I couldn't find a date for the page, but a graph on the page shows April 2010, September 2010, February 2011, and November 2011, so this page was likely created sometime in 2012 or December 2011. If someone can find a more precise date, please let me know on the discussion page. External links are also useful, though due to Wikibooks edit filters, you will need to be signed in to add links to any Wikibooks page.

Round numbers
For the rest of this page, I will use the following figures:

 * 25 million Beliebers
 * 10% male, 90% female

Until I find evidence to the contrary, I will assume that there is no correlation between name and being a Belieber. If a correlation is found, I will assume that it is due to gender or age, and not the name itself. For example, a study would undoubtedly find that "John" is less likely to be a Belieber than "Sarah", but that is only because John is almost always a boy's name while Sarah is almost always a girl's name.

First names
If a first name exists and it is within the top 1000, you can bet your life savings that there is a Justin Bieber fan with that first name somewhere in the United States. For sufficiently popular names, a follow-up question is How many should we expect?

Assuming 25 million Beliebers with a sex ratio of 10% male, 90% female, we can expect roughly 2,500,000 males and 22,500,000 females.

Roughly 3.2% of males in the United States are named John, and 2,500,000 × 0.032 = 80,000.

title: Popular Music/Beliebers and Probability


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User:Harshvardhanrai0905/sandbox

The Analecta is a 2022 English language poetry collection book by Indian poet and writer Harshvardhan Rai. It was published by Notion Press in India and Ukiyoto Publishing in worldwide. It was nominated in the Ne8x Official Literature Festival - 2022. The Analecta is Rai's first published poetry book.

Synopsis
In The Analecta, Harshvardhan traces a path to the subjective elements to the lost art of poetry in current Modernist times of the world - binding the universal emotions with his own style of sensitive response.

The poetic collection of the human sentiments - The Analecta - is an attempt to engage the reader in intricate yet elusive questions about love, life, death, desire, passion and human nature and its response to worldly matters.

Harshvardhan Rai profoundly uses his distinctive style of establishing coherence between exotic and romantic.

The poems of The Analecta are highly influenced by the style and elegance of the classic Romantic & Aesthetic poetry of English.

About the Author
Smitten by the poetry from the school of Romanticism and Aesthetics, Harshvardhan Rai; Rajasthan based poet, musician and passionate student of literature and arts; attempts to glorify and reiterate the charm of Romantic poetry in the current Modernist times.

title: User:Harshvardhanrai0905/sandbox


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User talk:Con-struct

Welcome, Con-struct!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 06:52, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Con-struct


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Can strength training help improve cardiovascular function?

This is a critique of the journal article "Effects of high-intensity strength training on cardiovascular function, Hurley & Seals et al (1984)"

What is the background to this research?[edit | edit source]
VO2 max is a measure of the most amount of oxygen that can be utulised during exercise and is the best measure to determine cardiovascular fitness. Having a high VO2 is associated with a reduction of cardiovascular events.

Resistance training is a popular form of exercise. It promotes many health benefits such as increasing musculature and promoting bone health. However, since it does not increase heart rate to the extent or duration that cardio work does, its effects on VO2 may be minimal, and therefore, might not aid in cardiovascular health. This implication questions the impact strength training has on cardiovascular fitness and whether endurance or aerobic type training is the only way to improve cardiovascular fitness.

The experimenters in the paper by Hurley & Seals et al performed a study to test if a strength training program was enough to elicit an impact of cardiovascular function. The findings of the article my highlight the impacts of strength training on cardiovascular functions and subsequently, may assist in determining what role strength training has in a fitness routine.

Where is the research from?[edit | edit source]
Hurley & Seals et al from the Washington school of Medicine.

What kind of research was this?[edit | edit source]
This was a quantitative research study that involved an original experimental design. Data from the study was collected and analysed by the experimenters.

What did the research involve?[edit | edit source]
13 healthy untrained males aged between 40-55 years underwent a 16 week high intensity strength training program performed on a Nautilus machine. Prior to beginning this program they performed a submaximal VO2 test to determine what their level was. After completing the 16 week strength program, the participants underwent the same submaximal VO2 test to determine if any change occurred in their oxygen uptake capacity. There was a control group of 10 men aged between 40-64.

The strength program was performed solely using a Nautilus machine, with no free weight or barbell compound exercises implemented and the heart rate of the individuals was not taken while they performed the strength training program. Increasing cardiac output is a possible mechanism by which strength training increases VO2, but participants heart rate was not monitored during the 16 week strength program and so it is difficult to conclude if they were exercising and a sufficient intensity. This raises an issue of the data for the experiment. The sample size was small and highly specific (older, male, untrained) which means their results might not reflect accurate data for everyone. The study is dated and shows differing conclusions from more recent studies such as the one by Inga et al which contained a larger sample size and found that in obese individuals, both strength and aerobic training improved oxygen uptake.

What were the basic results?[edit | edit source]
The researchers found that the participants that performed the strength program gained significant muscular strength, their one rep max increased one average by 44% for various exercises. There was no change in body weight or body fat percentage, however, researchers noted an increase in fat free weight. Notably, there was no increase in oxygen uptake for either the control group or the group that underwent the strength training program. The hemodynamic response to the submaximal VO2 test also did not change after the program was performed.

What conclusions can we take from this research?[edit | edit source]
From the experimental study, it can be concluded that a high strength program with variable resistance will not improve VO2 max, However, this does not seem to be the case. More recent papers have shown the opposite is true, particularly Ozaki et al. What is important to note is that while Ozaki et al found improvement in VO2 after a strength training program in some cases, volume, intensity or rest between sets were not the factors that seemed to have an impact on the improvement of VO2 in both older and younger subjects. This led them to the suggestion that strength training elicits increase in oxygen uptake by means of increasing heart rate. Strength training also offers other cardiovascular benefits. A paper by Liu et al conducted a research study which included over 12,000 men. It concluded even 1 hour a week of resistance training significantly reduced the chances of having a cardiovascular event, and suggests that the main health benefits from aerobic exercise is its ability to help reduce weight. From the research by Hurley et al, there is not much we can conclude without more information.

Practical advice[edit | edit source]
Individuals should incorporate a variety of exercises in their regiment to reap the benefits of the different forms of training depending on their current fitness level. VO2 will not increase without a sufficient stimulus and so, individuals with a higher fitness level should incorporate exercises styles such as HIIT or working at a relative intensity of 90-100% of aerobic capacity to efficiently stimulate change in their oxygen uptake. Both cardio and resistance training improve cardiovascular fitness and offer health benefits. Resistance training can help improve cardiovascular fitness in individuals beginning with lower fitness levels. Since both training styles can improve cardiovascular health, fitness levels, individualization and preference of exercise type are perhaps more important factors for individuals to choose what to train, particularity if there arises contraindications for training types.

Further information/resources[edit | edit source]

 * Strength training: Get stronger, leaner, healthier https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/strength-training/art-20046670
 * Cardiovascular Training Vs. Strength Training for Weight Loss https://www.beaumont.org/services/weight-loss/cardiovascular-training-vs-strength-training-for-weight-loss
 * Why Weight Lifting Is Good for Heart Health https://selecthealth.org/blog/2019/02/why-weight-lifting-is-good-for-heart-health
 * How pumping iron can reduce your heart attack risk https://www.eehealth.org/blog/2019/12/lifting-weights-for-heart-health/


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/An exercise intervention for improving mental health

Article: An effective exercise-based intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomised controlled trial.

Atlantis, E. et al. (2004). An effective exercise-based intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 39, 424-434.

What is the background to this research?
This paper written by Atlantis, et al, investigates the effectiveness of aerobic and weight training exercises on mental health and overall quality of life. Using a 24-week program to gain data about mental health and quality of life outcomes. This paper supports prior research, concurring with many other studies surrounding the positive effects of exercise for mental health. Although this topic has been well researched, mental health issues affect 43.7% of Australian’s aged 16-85 so further support to this data is required to reduce this prevalence in Australia. Improving mental health and quality of life in Australia using an easily accessible resource like exercise could drastically reduce the current suicide rate of over 3,000 deaths per year.

Where is the research from?
This research was conducted in Sydney, Australia, through the University of Sydney. The sample involved 44 employees from a single work site at the Star City Casino. These employees were randomised into treatment or control groups. The research did not affiliate with organisations that would conflict with the findings. Although gaining support from UTS Union Gym with offerings of free access to the facilities, this support would not add bias to the findings.

What kind of research was this?
This study is a randomised control trial involving Star City Casino employees, aged between 20-54 years. Splitting the 44 participants at random into either the treatment or control group. This type of research design minimises bias and creates a straightforward cause and effect relationship. Randomised control trials have been investigated for their effectiveness as supported by research, d claimed the ‘gold standard’ for clinical trials. The level of evidence created from this study is reliable and compatible to other studies of its kind.

What did the research involve?
Approximately 3,800 participants were invited to participate in the study through advertising around the workplace. Through 2 orientation phases, 44 participants were randomised into 2 groups. The treatment group exercised a minimum of 3 times per week for a duration of 60 minutes, completing a strength and aerobic program. Quality of life data was collected from both groups at baseline and at completion of 24 weeks trial using the DASS and SF-36 Health Status Survey. The methodology of this research was a good approach given the investigations preformed. Mental health is difficult to diagnose, with self-administered tests and surveys being a common technique used by a doctor or psychiatrist to diagnose a patient with a mental health illness. Although a self-administered survey like the SP-36 Health Status Survey can be difficult for individuals to identify their thoughts and feelings into specific categories to answer a question where it is considered the standard when assessing mental health. This is a limitation to the data as there is no way of knowing if the data collected is true and what the participants were feeling. Having the participants answer in a survey puts boundaries on the results as there was only 3 options being yes, limited a lot, yes limited a little, and no not limited at all to answer each question. Most people would over or under exaggerate their feelings and experiences to fit within these classes to answer the question. The methodology for recruitment was a fair process with an open invite to a large number of participants, and 2 phases of orientation and assessment where participants could drop out.

What were the basic results?
After multiple stages of screening, 44 participants were eligible to participate with 24 females and 20 males. There were no significant differences between both the control and trial group base line results for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index and predicted V02 max. This study found that depression, anxiety, and stress all exceeded the baseline values when compared to Australian norms. It was reported that mental health improved by 15.9% and vitality by 44.5% for the treatment group. The results of the paper were presented using 2 tables clearly displaying the differences in quality of life and mental health as well as all health statistics recorded. These tables were separated with table 1 showing health statistics comparing treatment and control groups and table 2 compares the primary outcomes of SF 36 and DASS questionaries. The paper thoroughly discusses the results although it doesn’t over emphasise the implications of their findings. The results show clear improvement to mental health and quality of life of treatment group meaning claims such as “multimodal exercise is as effective at improving stress symptoms and QOL outcomes” aren’t over emphasised as there is grounding evidence supporting this as seen in the results.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
The study promotes any form of exercise for mental health benefits which concurs with previous data showing the major improvements to mental wellbeing. The results target health professionals to show what types of exercises specifically can be prescribed in training programs to improve symptoms of mental health the greatest. In conclusion the research adds to the library of resources surrounding mental health and its direct positive relationship with mental health. This provides a clear insight into how medically society can treat mental health patients with the use of aerobic and weight training exercises.

Practical Advice
The paper suggests splitting upper body and lower body training sessions which can be followed out in a practical session. Targeting weight sessions at major muscle groups and following 3-15 repetitions and 3-10 sets depending on training volume and load. As the paper suggests aerobic exercises such as swimming, cycling, walking, and running for 20 minutes around 3 times per week. Implementing this knowledge into a mental health unit setting, working with mentally ill patients, motivation can be challenging. Approaching exercise in small dosages rather than long sessions, slowly working up to completing a full session would be most practical. The health and safety of each participant is extremely important and before commencement of exercise and participants should complete an ESSA Pre Exercise Screening to ensure they are fit for exercise to avoid health complications and injuries. This paper ensured all participants produced a doctor’s clearance to exercise.

Further information/resources
For further information on the effectiveness of exercise for mental health, the supplied links below provide insightful article and further data supporting the claims made in the paper researched. These links can also provide support for those struggling with mental health, offering someone to talk to and get help.

 * Sharma, A. et al. (2006). Exercise for Mental Health. The Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 8(2), 106.

 * Raglin, J. (2012). Exercise and Mental Health. Sports Medicine, 9, 323—329.

 * Beyond Blue

 * Head Space

 * Life Line