text:
Transportation Planning Casebook/Bays Precinct Transformation

Summary
The Bays West redevelopment plan is a large-scale urban renewal project in Sydney, focusing on revitalising and transforming a portion of the city's inland harbour foreshore. The initiative aims to create a vibrant, multifunctional environment for living, working, and recreation by adopting an integrated and holistic approach. This comprehensive plan covers a wide range of aspects to achieve sustainable development, ensuring balanced growth for the area that meets the needs of its residents and visitors alike. In order to enhance land use and infrastructure, the project focuses on optimising public transportation efficiency, increasing the supply of affordable housing, improving public facilities, and developing more green spaces. This is expected to significantly contribute to the overall quality of life for the residents while addressing potential challenges posed by the growing population.

At the heart of the plan is the promotion of economic growth. Bays West aims to attract new businesses and innovative industries, creating employment opportunities for the local community and stimulating the regional economy. By fostering a thriving business environment, the project will generate prosperity and enhance the area's attractiveness to investors and entrepreneurs. Ecological sustainability is another crucial aspect of the Bays West redevelopment plan. By protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, the project seeks to minimise the environmental impact of urban development while promoting the efficient use of resources. This ensures that the natural beauty of the region is preserved for future generations to enjoy. Community involvement is an essential element of the project's success. The Bays West plan encourages residents to participate in urban planning, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among the local population. This collaborative approach ensures that the needs of the community are addressed and that the project enjoys widespread support. Lastly, the Bays West redevelopment plan pays close attention to cultural activities and heritage preservation. By respecting and preserving the area's historical heritage, the project seeks to integrate both new and existing architectural and cultural elements. This approach not only enriches the area's identity but also helps maintain a connection between the past and the present.

Annotated List of Actors
Land within Bays West is almost entirely owned by the government. Several NSW Government agencies own, manage, and use the site’s land, waterways, wharves, and infrastructure.

Policy Issues
Public Transport Integration

The Bays West precinct is centred around a new Metro Station that will be constructed as part of the Sydney Metro West project. Community concerns have been raised that not enough planning and attention has been given to other modes of transport that surround the precinct, namely bus and light rail services.

Numerous bus services currently traverse the western edge of the precinct, but access to these services is limited due to a lack of pedestrian crossings at signalised intersections and frequent grade changes that result in circuitous walking routes. Submissions to the precinct have called for the expansion of existing services to serve the precinct better, improvements to walkability and better integration of bus and metro services through a proper and well placed interchange. Alternative arguments for proposed bus changes have raised concerns that rerouting of services will reduce direct buses to the city and add extra travel time for those travelling through the area.

The Inner West Light rail line travels from the city to Dulwich Hill and has a stop called Rozelle Bay that is close to the precinct. Although the stop is only 600m away, the current walking route is five times that distance due to convoluted walking access caused by the City Westlink motorway. A landbridge is proposed to be constructed over the motorway to provide a direct active transport link between the Rozelle Bay light rail stop and future residents and the Metro station.

Active Transport Links

In connection to the above challenges caused by the City Westlink Motorway, there are also existing access challenges for the two main bus stops either side of Victoria Road near the White Bay Power Station. In the City of Sydney’s submission to the precinct, they called for a pedestrian and cyclist bridge be constructed from the new precinct to these stops. Further, Council also raised that there is a lack of secure bicycle parking facilities for the planned bus and metro interchange and that this piece of infrastructure is essential for the planned promotion of greater active transport use in the precinct.

There have been calls to re-open the Glebe Island Bridge, which was the original road connection between Glebe and Rozelle before the ANZAC bridge was opened. This connection would be used as an active transport link and would be more conducive to active modes than the bridge that replaced it. Challenges with this proposal have be raised including that the bridge will need extensive upgrades and that existing boating and kayaking access to Blackwattle Bay would be restricted by the bridge switching from its current ‘open’ position to a ‘closed’ position. Proponents for the reopening of the bridge have been calling for a decision to be made by government and insisting that it should be brought forward to earlier stages of the project than currently forecasted.

Heritage

There exists within the precinct multiple important heritage assets, such as the White Bay Power Station and the Glebe Island Wheat Silos. In 2020, potential plans to demolish the Power Station to increase the dwelling potential of the precinct were floated by the then Premier, but this approach was scrapped soon after as a result of community and political opposition. At this stage, panning documents acknowledge the importance of retaining the precinct’s heritage fabric and realising the potential it represents. But despite these assurances, there remains community concern that the height and bulk of new buildings will overshadow and block views of the the heritage items and that they will not respect the character or scale of existing buildings.

Road connectivity

The plans for the first stage of Bays West show only one road in and out of the precinct. Accompanying planning documentation outlines that this decision is intentional as planning for movement around the precinct has focussed and centred around the metro and active transport modes. These will be prioritised over cars and vehicular transport, with exception of buses, to create a more walkable and healthy environment. Local community submissions have raised potential issues with this approach, especially warning of traffic congestion for the singular intersection and road which leads to the metro station and the flow on effects this would have on surrounding roads and areas. Furthermore, the surrounding suburban area in Rozelle is still very car centric and so submitters outline that traffic planning for the precinct should better consider surrounding areas. To assume adjacent car-centric areas will quickly adapt once the precinct is complete is potentially shortsighted.

Cruise Terminal Operations

It is planned that the White Bay Cruise Terminal, in the northern portion of Bays West, will continue to operate as a permanent component of the precinct. The terminal and associated operations have the potential to cause land use conflicts with residential areas as a result of noise, air pollution from ships, blocking vistas and viewpoints and additional traffic that would occur in high volumes at specific times.

Delivering the project

White Bay and surrounds have had multiple plans over the decades including a highly publicised deal with Google to build an innovation hub that never eventuated. The complexities of the precinct are likely the culprit for delays in revitalising it; this exposes an important question, will government be able to bring together all of the necessary agencies and actors outlined above to ensure they are on the same page and can collectively deliver the precinct in a timely and orderly fashion? In the face of confounding issues and conflicting views on how the precinct should be planned, compounded with broad criticisms for the similar Barangaroo precinct, Bays West is likely to be challenging for the state government to get right.

Narrative
The Case for Change

As the industrial nature of Bays West has evolved over time, the people and activities in and around the site were progressively excluded; now that economic conditions have reduced the importance of Bays West as an industrial area and port, the area’s life and vitality is notably missing. The plans for Bays West seek to create a vibrant and connected precinct that respects its cultural heritage and capitalises on its location close to the CBD.

Sydney Metro Station

The process for choosing station locations for the Sydney Metro West project was a complex balancing act between travel time savings and servicing as many communities as possible. In the end nine stations were approved including a station servicing The Bays. The decision to include The Bays over other alternatives was based on the potential the precinct holds to house large numbers of new residents and create many new jobs, notably within knowledge intensive industries. Further, a connection with the existing Inner West Light Rail Line, the multiple bus lines that traverse the area and the potential to serve tourists at the White Bay Cruise Terminal were also deciding factors.

Revitalising industrial waterfronts

The concept of transforming previously industrial waterfront land into new high rise neighbourhoods is commonplace throughout the world. Specific case studies were analysed as part of planning for the precinct including the Coal Drop Yards in London and The Naval Yard in Philadelphia. There are common elements among all of the examples, namely the existence of a number of heritage items pertaining to previous industrial uses, the location close to the city centre and provision of high frequency public transport to service them.

Knowledge Hub

There are plans for Bays West to become a hub for knowledge intensive jobs and industries as part of development of a ‘knowledge corridor’ spanning from the Central Station precinct to Bays West and beyond to Parramatta and Westmead along the Sydney Metro West Line. Bays West is also in the northern corner of the Sydney ‘Tech Central’ precinct which includes The University of Sydney, University of Technology Sydney and Sydney Airport. The Tech Central program involves government-funded access to affordable office space for startups and support for greater STEM university placements. Within the Bays, the continuation of port and maritime uses has been raised as a unique opportunity for Bays West to become specialised in these uses.

Discussion Questions

 * 1) Transportation planning for the precinct is focussing mostly on active and public transport modes rather than cars (example being the single road in and out of the precinct) is this approach sensical or naïve?
 * 2) The precinct will retain the White Bay Cruise Terminal which could affect future residents. When it comes to the transportation of tourists, are their temporary needs more important than the permanent needs of residents?
 * 3) There have been multiple plans for Bays West over the decades. The construction of a Metro station appears to be the missing piece that secured the precinct. Should it be a requirement that major renewal precincts are always supported by high frequency transport?
 * 4) Bays West Precinct and Sydney Metro West are examples of megaprojects, which are becoming larger, pricier and more complex as they become commonplace in NSW. Should NSW shift back towards smaller decentralised projects or are megaprojects the way of the future?
 * 5) Large revitalisation projects can attract a lot of negative reactions from the local community. Do large projects such as these get too harshly or unfairly treated or is this a natural part of change that yields better outcomes?


text:
Transportation Planning Casebook/Sydney Trains Labour Relations

Summary
Sydney Trains network operate rail services across the Sydney metropolitan area bounded by Berowra, Bondi Junction, Waterfall, Macarthur and Leppington, Emu Plains and Richmond. There are 9 railway lines from T1 to T9 and 5 intercity lines that allow passengers from outlying cities to travel into Sydney. On 18th of February, the NSW Government attempted to cease the Sydney Trains workers right to take industrial action in Fair Work Commission. The workers from Sydney Trains proceeded industrial action and the argument between the workers from the Sydney Trains and NSW Government continued for more than 12 months. This incident brough Sydney trains network to experience major disruption. On Monday 21st of February, when the labour strike between the employees of Sydney Trains and NSW Government increased, the NSW Government closed down the train networks and locked out the workers of Sydney Trains, stopping them from working on their tasks. It brought chaos to public transport affecting a large number of passengers. A day after, the train network re-opened. The Rail, Tram, and Bus Union (RTBU) began continuous industrial action in June, with delays and cancellations of train services. The industrial actions ended with an agreement between the union and the NSW Government on pay and conditions on 30th of January 2023.

Causes of Industrial Action
The Unions took industrial action to prevent privatisation of public transports. The NSW Government planned to privatise their state transit authority and NSW bus operations. A common claim of privatisation of public transport is providing higher performance and reliable transport services compared to state owned transit operations. However, privatisation of transport brought worse outcomes in the past such as, low performance and services, and higher travelling costs.

Another reason for the industrial action is to provide safer workplace addressing critical safety issues of the new fleet of intercity trains. The train drivers and guards reported three critical safety issues, which are:

 * An automatic locking system of guard doors on both depature and arrival from the station, inducing difficulties to the train guards from helping passengers who require assist.
 * The CCTV cameras attached on the side of the new trains recording the station have a blind spot below 1.1 metres. This is a very critical problem to the safety and wellbeing of childern, prams, and guide dogs on the station.
 * The CCTV camera screens in train driver's compartment partially block the driver's sight during the train operation.

Lastly, the inflation continued to increase as the supply chain was interrupted during the Covid pandemic and lockdown, and Sydney Trains workers demaned pay rise to keep up with the cost of living.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the main intercity and suburban railway operator in New South Wales. It is responsible for providing a wide range of train services covering the entire Sydney metropolitan area. In this case, Sydney Railway is the subject of negotiations with the union regarding employee wages and working conditions.

Trade Unions (Australian Railways, Transport, and Utilities Union)
In this case, the trade union represents employees of Sydney Railways, striving for better wages and working conditions. Trade unions play an important role in negotiations with Sydney Trains, organizing strikes and protests to put pressure on Sydney Trains. Union members seek solutions through these actions, including increasing wages, improving employee work environments, reducing fatigue driving risks, and improving the quality and safety of train services.

NSW Government
The New South Wales government is responsible for regulating and managing Sydney trains. In this case, the state government played a mediating role in the escalation of labour disputes, helping both parties reach an agreement and restore normal operations. Damien Tudehope, the Minister of Labor of New South Wales, hopes that the federal government will intervene in resolving long-standing disputes with the Railway, Tram, and Bus Union (RTBU). He requested Federal Secretary Tony Burke to use his power to deprive RTBU of the right to take protected industrial action.

Sydney Train Employees
This includes drivers, maintenance personnel, ticket sellers, and other types of staff. They are participants in industrial actions and organizers of strikes and protests. The employee's demands for wages and working conditions in this case are key factors leading to labour disputes.

Passengers
Users of Sydney trains, including commuters, students, tourists, etc. In this case, passengers were affected by train service interruptions and became indirect stakeholders. Their needs and expectations have an impact on the decisions of Sydney Trains and the government in resolving labor disputes. Although the actions of the railway, bus, and tram unions are not strictly 'strikes', they have had a significant impact on the daily lives of Sydney citizens.

Australian Federal Government
The Australian federal government is expected to help state governments address this challenge, but its role in this industrial action may be limited as the Sydney train system is mainly managed by the New South Wales government. Tony Burke, the Federal Minister of Employment and Labour Relations of Australia accused the New South Wales coalition government of being either naive or intentionally misleading. He believed that the state government should rely on the Fair Work Commission (FWC) to resolve disputes, rather than seeking intervention from him. Burke stated that the state government should use its power to present arguments to the committee or better resolve disputes, rather than requiring it to intervene with unprecedented power.

Policy Issues
The 2022 Sydney Trains industrial action was largely related to policy issues. Disagreements between the Union and the NSW Government on employer safety and wellbeing, and the safety of the train system arise from and are settled with policies. The labour strikes are used a means to persuade the Government to change their policies and come to a compromised agreement. Some organisations include the Unions are protected by the fair work act, which outlines laws around industrial action and enterprise agreements.

Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink Enterprise Agreement
Section 183 of the Fair Work Act 2009 states that employee organisations are entitled to an enterprise agreement to cover them. The Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink Enterprise Agreement covers areas such as the wage cap, employer redundancy policies, and employer contracts. When the state government proposed a three year enterprise agreement with Unions NSW, the new terms were not supported by the Union. They claim the proposed wage cap increase did not suffice given the high inflation rate, and that the agreement would eliminate jobs and reduce the amount of full time work .This is one of the contributing factors to the industrial action.

Ultimately, a compromise was reached, with the Government proposing a two-year agreement, Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink Enterprise Agreement 2022, geared towards what the Unions were striving for.

Safety and Wellbeing Policy
One of the issues regarding the new fleet of trains was safety. The cameras on the new trains had a blind spot below 1.1m, which the Union can argue breaches the Safety and Wellbeing Policy. This policy states that elimination of risk should be sought before minimisation of risk, and that workers should be engaged with health safety and wellbeing goals. Given the Union believed that the new fleet of trains were not safe for customers, and the wage cap increase was not adequate for the wellbeing of workers, they have the grounds to protest based on this policy. The Sydney Trains Health and Safety Policy provokes similar arguments.

Risk Management Policy
The NSW government has established a strict risk management framework to ensure 'risks across all areas of business are identified and understood, effectively managed and monitored. Each level of employee is delegated responsibilities. The responsibility of Staff workers is to 'Identify risk issues and concerns (and escalate to management, if necessary) and implement specific risk management action'. Under this policy, the Union is obliged to escalate their safety concerns with the new fleet, and it is the higher authorities job to ensure these risks are understood and managed appropriately. The governments reluctance to change their proposed enterprise agreement motivated the Union to also strike on safety grounds.

Asset Management and Procurement
The safety issues opposed by the Union are to do with a newly ordered fleet of trains by the NSW Government. There are asset management and transport procurement policies in place to oversees such deals. The Sydney Trains Asset Management policy calls to 'optimise decision making through consideration of safety, cost, risk and performance'. The NSW Government claims the new trains are an improvement on the previous fleet, however the Union disputes that there are related risks and safety issues which is where this policy becomes controversial.

The NSW Transport Procurement Policy states that transport infrastructure should be customer centred, create jobs for NSW citizens, Support businesses and consider risks and apply a high standard of ethics. The Union believed it was doing none of those things.

On the other hand, the government would have claimed the new train fleet would 'Achieve better customer outcomes as per the asset management policy, and improve and innovate across the procurement lifecycle to maximise value for money for gov perspective as per the transport procurement policy.

Protected action ballot
The Fair Work Act 2009 provides clear rules governing industrial action. When employees take action to support claims in relation to an enterprise agreement, and it is authorised by secret ballot, it becomes protected industrial action. Protected industrial action means they have immunity from civil liability under State or Territory law.

In 2022, the Union voted 93% for industrial action in a protected action ballot, granting the action protected.

NSW Industrial Relations Act
The wage cap issue would not be a problem if it weren't for the introduction of section 146C to the NSW Industrial Relations Act of 1966 in the year 2011. This section allowed the NSW Liberal-National government sole authority over wage determination in NSW. The Industrial Relations Commission must therefore give effect to policies regarding the wage cap. Hence, the enterprise agreement of 2022. .

Government Response
Given the large scale of the industrial action, and the effect it was having on the economy, the government reacted by threatening to introduce several new policies in order to restrict the impact and extent of the strikes. This included introducing a bill to increase strike fines by 550% as well as ‘acting in concert’ laws which would stop unions from campaigning six months leading up to the 2023 NSW state election. Neither bill passed.

Background
Sydney Trains operates rail services in Greater Sydney, stretching from Berowra in the north, Emu Plains in the west, and Macarthur and Waterfall in the south. There are 168 stations on this network, with 418 000 (2021-22 figures) customers each weekday.

As well as operating rail services, Sydney Trains is also responsible for operating the Rail Operations Centre, and for the maintenance of their tracks, trains and stations, signals, overhead wiring and facilities as well as the majority of those used by NSW TrainLink’s intercity rail network.

Sydney Trains' workers are represented by the Australian Rail, Bus and Tram industry union (RBTU). The RBTU’s primary goal is to protect and build workers’ rights at work as well as lobbying and representing their members’ rights in the workplace and industry through ensuring a safe workplace, and maintaining pay and conditions.

The New Intercity Fleet (NIF) and the safety issues relating to the lack of a train guard during operations is loosely intertwined with the labour relations and ongoing negotiations. The New Intercity Fleet was designed by the NSW Government and intended to be operated with a driver only, and CCTV to be used to check for clearance at the doors of the train after stopping at stations. To further complicate, the NSW Government related the issues of the NIF safety issues with the Sydney Trains Enterprise Agreement negotiations due to the industrial action which was taken by rail shunters and signallers which were part of the union. However, this was used in the negotiation process despite the unions calling for two separate negotiations. This created overall confusion for the general public.

In June 2021, bargaining for a new enterprise agreement began. An enterprise agreement is an agreement which outlines the terms and conditions relating to a group of people’s employment. This includes their wages. Between June 2021 and February 2022, there were negotiations between the RBTU and the state government, however there was no progress with negotiations. By September 2021, members of the RBTU began to take industrial action.

On 18 February 2022, the NSW Government made an attempt to remove the right for the union members to take industrial action by taking the issue to the Fair Work Commission. However this failed and industrial action continued.

The key event
Then, on 21 February 2022, the entire Sydney railway network was shut down by the NSW Government. No notice was given to workers about this and railway workers were “locked out”. Initial media reports blamed the union and its workers, however further clarification into the events revealed that that railway workers arrived to work, but were not allowed to work. The railway network reopened the next day.

Between March 2022 and July 2022, negotiations continued relating to the enterprise agreements, as well as the safety concerns relating to the New Intercity Fleet (NIF). The NSW Government position on the matter was that changes to the NIF would be made if the RBTU signed off on the pay rise that was in line with their wages policy.

Resolution
The Sydney Trains Enterprise Agreement was finally signed on 31 January 2023, and includes a wage increase for workers and well as giving the Fair Work Commission power to determine if their wage increase should be higher than the rate outlined in the NSW Wage Policy. This allows an independent body to decide on the wage increase rate. As part of this agreement, workers are enabled conditions such as additional leave for family and domestic violence, as well as improved job security and support for professional registration.

Meanwhile, the Deed relating to the NIF and the need to implement changes to the fleet was signed off on November 25, 2022.

Discussion Questions
1) Do negotiations really make a difference to the issues surrounding and the outcomes of the Sydney labour strikes?

2) How has industrial action and lockdown measures on Sydney Trains affected the quality of public transport services? What are the passenger and socio-economic impacts of this?

3) If different policies were in place would the strikes have happened? Were the motivations of each party justified?

4) What implications have the strikes had on customer perceptions of the government, Sydney Trains and rail in Greater Sydney?

5) What steps should Sydney Trains take to prevent the recurrence of labour relations issues, industrial action, and lockouts in the future?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Jet Propulsion/Materials

Jet propulsion
Jet Propulsion is a type of propulsion used in aircraft, spacecraft, and other vehicles that involves the expulsion of high-speed gases to generate thrust. Jet propulsion systems are critical to modern aerospace engineering and require the use of advanced materials to withstand high temperatures, stresses, and corrosive environments.

Materials used in jet propulsion systems must exhibit a range of properties, including high strength, low weight, good thermal conductivity, and durability. Common materials used in jet propulsion systems include high-temperature alloys such as titanium and nickel-based super-alloys, which exhibit excellent high-temperature performance and resistance to wear and corrosion.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are another type of material commonly used in jet propulsion systems. CMCs offer high-temperature performance, excellent wear resistance, and low thermal expansion, making them ideal for use in hot sections of jet engines.

In addition to materials selection, manufacturing processes are also crucial in the development of jet propulsion components. Advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing and additive manufacturing have become increasingly important in the production of jet propulsion components, allowing for the creation of complex geometries and reducing production time and cost.

The use of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques has enabled significant advancements in jet propulsion technology. For example, the development of high-thrust, high-efficiency turbofan engines has revolutionized air travel, allowing for longer flights with reduced fuel consumption and emissions.

As technology continues to evolve, new materials and manufacturing techniques will undoubtedly play a critical role in the ongoing development of jet propulsion systems. The use of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques will enable the creation of even more efficient and reliable jet propulsion systems, further advancing the field of aerospace engineering.

Some examples of sources that discuss the use of advanced materials in jet propulsion systems include:

 * Materials for High-Temperature Aerospace Propulsion Systems, by R. A. Miller and E. W. Lee
 * High-Temperature Materials and Processes in Jet Propulsion, by C. T. Liu
 * Ceramic Matrix Composites in Aerospace Propulsion, by P. Portella and C. H. Kuo

Additional sources on jet propulsion and materials science can be found in academic journals such as The Journal of Propulsion and Power, The Journal of Aerospace Engineering, and The Journal of Materials Science.

title: Jet Propulsion/Materials


text:
Talk:Autistic Survival Guide/Preamble

vibes
"The central premise behind these works is the fact that the compulsory school system is designed to "socialise" children into the work force by making them docile, predictable, willing to take the word of leaders as truth, and dependent upon others for a sense of self worth. This goes a long way towards explaining neurotypical behaviour, and why neurodivergents don't fit in: Neurodivergents simply fail to be socialised this way."

...this paragraph makes so many claims it's making me confused. I can see how one could fit the evidence but there are plenty of counterexamples. Maybe I'm just confused since relative to people online in my "bubble" I haven't interacted with my autism. Anyways, in psychology, there's an acronym used to analyze theories: TestableEvidenceApplicationsConstructvalidityUnbiasedPredictivevalidity. (Although now that I'm researching, there's this one article about DescribeEvidenceApplicationsLimitations.)

Claims/Describe:

The school system is designed to make NTs become docile, predictable, willing...truth, dependent...worth

NDs fail to become --> why NDs don't fit in

Testable: The claim is a "yes/no" question regarding the design of the school system. One could experiment with school designs and establish that one has a greater effect than the other, but establishing intent seems harder. However, the adjectives comparing NT and ND in general are more easily tested. (The sentence is not specific about which school system is being talked about, but it's that likely more context exists somewhere else.)

Evidence: Since this is an intro, idk, haven't reached the probable evidence part yet. It feels like there's definitely some amount of truth but there are definitely plenty of counterexamples. It's easy to argue either way, so idk.

Applications: It's being used to explain why NDs don't fit in.

Construct validity: The "self worth" measure is self reported so that would always have small inaccuracies. "Docile, Predictable, Willing" seems hard to measure in a general way. "Fitting in" seems hard to define (and measure). And I think "predictable" kinda has a subtly different meaning, closer to societal expectations or smth instead of

Unbiased: Again, idk the evidence yet. Altho... while NDs generally have better social skills [citation needed {joke}], and intuitively one would feel that this would result in an increased "fitting in", the adjectives that "socialized" stands for seem to have a negative tone? Hmm

Predictive validity: It can help but there's going to be a significant amount of error/counterexamples.

ugh i'm writing way too much i give up AltoStev (discuss • contribs) 22:29, 19 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Autistic Survival Guide/Preamble


text: Autistic Survival Guide/References and Further Reading


text:
User:SupremeUmanu/Sandbox

Here you will find a centralized list of which Pokémon can be found in the various locations in the game.

Route 1
In the tall grass
 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 55% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 55% encounter rate
 * 019 - Rattata
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate

Route 2
In the tall grass
 * 010 - Caterpie
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 013 - Weedle
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 40% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 40% encounter rate
 * 019 - Rattata
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate

Route 3
In the tall grass

 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 50% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 50% encounter rate
 * 021 - Spearow
 * Pokémon Red: 40% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 40% encounter rate
 * 039 - Jigglypuff
 * Pokémon Red: 10% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 10% encounter rate

Route 4
In the tall grass
 * 019 - Rattata
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate
 * 021 - Spearow
 * Pokémon Red: 30% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 30% encounter rate
 * 023 - Ekans
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 027 - Sandshrew
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

Route 5 & Route 6
In the tall grass

 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 35% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 35% encounter rate
 * 043 - Oddish
 * Pokémon Red: 40% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 052 - Meowth
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 056 - Mankey
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 069 - Bellsprout
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 40% encounter rate

Route 7
In the tall grass

 * 026 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 35% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 35% encounter rate
 * 037 - Vulpix
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 10% encounter rate
 * 043 - Oddish
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 069 - Bellsprout
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 052 - Meowth
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 30% encounter rate
 * 056 - Mankey
 * Pokémon Red: 30% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 058 - Growlithe
 * Pokémon Red: 10% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear

Route 8
In the tall grass

 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 35% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 35% encounter rate
 * 023 - Ekans
 * Pokémon Red: 20% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 027 - Sandshrew
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 20% encounter rate
 * 037 - Vulpix
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 20% encounter rate
 * 052 - Meowth
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 056 - Mankey
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 058 - Growlithe
 * Pokémon Red: 20% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear

Route 9
In the tall grass
 * 021 - Spearow
 * Pokémon Red: 30% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 30% encounter rate
 * 019 - Rattata
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate
 * 023 - Ekans
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 027 - Sandshrew
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

Route 10
In the tall grass
 * 021 - Spearow
 * Pokémon Red: 30% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 30% encounter rate
 * 023 - Ekans
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 027 - Sandshrew
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 100 - Voltorb
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate

Route 11
In the tall grass
 * 021 - Spearow
 * Pokémon Red: 30% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 30% encounter rate
 * 023 - Ekans
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 027 - Sandshrew
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate
 * 096 - Drowzee
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

Route 22
In the tall grass

 * 010 - Caterpie
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 013 - Weedle
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 45% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 45% encounter rate
 * 019 - Rattata
 * Pokémon Red: 40% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 40% encounter rate

Route 24
In the tall grass

Fishing with the Old Rod
 * 010 - Caterpie
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 011 - Metapod
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 013 - Weedle
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 014 - Kakuna
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 20% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 20% encounter rate
 * 063 - Abra
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 069 - Bellsprout
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

 * 129 - Magikarp
 * Pokémon Red: 100% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 100% encounter rate

Route 25
In the tall grass

 * 010 - Caterpie
 * Pokémon Red: 1% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 20% encounter rate
 * 011 - Metapod
 * Pokémon Red: 4% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 20% encounter rate
 * 013 - Weedle
 * Pokémon Red: 20% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 1% encounter rate
 * 014 - Kakuna
 * Pokémon Red: 20% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 4% encounter rate
 * 016 - Pidgey
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 043 - Oddish
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: Does not appear
 * 063 - Abra
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 069 - Bellsprout
 * Pokémon Red: Does not appear
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

Diglett’s Cave
Anywhere
 * 050 - Diglett
 * Pokémon Red: 95% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 95% encounter rate
 * 051 - Dugtrio
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate

Mt. Moon
First floor (anywhere)

 * 035 - Clefairy
 * Pokémon Red: 1% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 1% encounter rate
 * 041 - Zubat
 * Pokémon Red: 79% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 79% encounter rate
 * 046 - Paras
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate
 * 074 - Geodude
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate

Connecting tunnels (anywhere)

 * 035 - Clefairy
 * Pokémon Red: 4% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 4% encounter rate
 * 041 - Zubat
 * Pokémon Red: 60% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 60% encounter rate
 * 046 - Paras
 * Pokémon Red: 10% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 10% encounter rate
 * 074 - Geodude
 * Pokémon Red: 26% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 26% encounter rate

Deepest floor (anywhere)

 * 035 - Clefairy
 * Pokémon Red: 6% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 6% encounter rate
 * 041 - Zubat
 * Pokémon Red: 54% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 54% encounter rate
 * 046 - Paras
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 074 - Geodude
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate

Rock Tunnel
Upper floor (anywhere)

 * 041 - Zubat
 * Pokémon Red: 55% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue 55% encounter rate
 * 066 - Machop
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 074 - Geodude
 * Pokémon Red: 25% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 25% encounter rate
 * 095 - Onix
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate

Lower floor (anywhere)

 * 041 - Zubat
 * Pokémon Red: 50% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue 50% encounter rate
 * 066 - Machop
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 074 - Geodude
 * Pokémon Red: 26% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 26% encounter rate
 * 095 - Onix
 * Pokémon Red: 9% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 9% encounter rate

Pokémon Tower
Third floor (anywhere)

 * 092 - Gastly
 * Pokémon Red: 90% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 90% encounter rate
 * 093 - Haunter
 * Pokémon Red: 1% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 1% encounter rate
 * 104 - Cubone
 * Pokémon Red: 9% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 9% encounter rate

Fourth floor (anywhere)

 * 092 - Gastly
 * Pokémon Red: 86% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 86% encounter rate
 * 093 - Haunter
 * Pokémon Red: 9% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 9% encounter rate
 * 104 - Cubone
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate

Fifth floor (anywhere)

 * 092 - Gastly
 * Pokémon Red: 86% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 86% encounter rate
 * 093 - Haunter
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate
 * 104 - Cubone
 * Pokémon Red: 9% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 9% encounter rate

Sixth floor (anywhere)

 * 092 - Gastly
 * Pokémon Red: 85% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 85% encounter rate
 * 093 - Haunter
 * Pokémon Red: 6% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 6% encounter rate
 * 104 - Cubone
 * Pokémon Red: 9% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 9% encounter rate

Seventh floor (anywhere)

 * 092 - Gastly
 * Pokémon Red: 75% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 75% encounter rate
 * 093 - Haunter
 * Pokémon Red: 15% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 15% encounter rate
 * 104 - Cubone
 * Pokémon Red: 10% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 10% encounter rate

Viridian City
Fishing with the Old Rod

 * 129 - Magikarp
 * Pokémon Red: 100% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 100% encounter rate

Fishing with the Super Rod

 * 060 - Poliwag
 * Pokémon Red: 50% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 50% encounter rate
 * 072 - Tentacool
 * Pokémon Red: 50% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 50% encounter rate

Viridian Forest
In the tall grass
 * 010 - Caterpie
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 50% encounter rate
 * 011 - Metapod
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 35% encounter rate
 * 013 - Weedle
 * Pokémon Red: 50% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate
 * 014 - Kakuna
 * Pokémon Red: 35% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate
 * 025 - Pikachu
 * Pokémon Red: 5% encounter rate
 * Pokémon Blue: 5% encounter rate

title: User:SupremeUmanu/Sandbox


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Template:Tocpoint/doc

This template is used to add named jump points to the toc without adding titles.

Example: creates:

(look at the TOC at the top of the page)

It is completly invisible, yet it adds an item to the toc. Useful in some cases.

title: Template:Tocpoint/doc


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Cricket/Scoring

If the bat touches the ball and the batsmen run one time in the pitch it is one run. Subsequently the amount the batsmen run through the pitch gets scored. That is up to 3 runs. If the ball bounces before crossing the boundary rope it is 4 runs. But if it doesn't bounce, it is a six - or 6 runs are scored

title: Cricket/Scoring


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Cookbook:Rhubarb and Custard Bread Pudding

Rhubarb and custard pudding is a recipe adapted from page 21 of the February 2023 edition of Tesco's magazine.

Ingredients

 * ½ cup (125 ml/4.2 fl oz) water
 * ⅔ cup (150 g/5.3 oz) superfine sugar, plus 1 tablespoon
 * 400 g rhubarb, trimmed and chopped into 3 - 4 cm pieces
 * 2½ cups (625 ml/1.32 pints) milk
 * ⅓ cup plus 1 tablespoon (100 ml) heavy cream, plus extra to serve (optional)
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
 * 4 tablespoons custard powder
 * 2 eggs
 * ⅔ stick (80 g) butter
 * 10 slices thick-sliced white sandwich bread, crusts removed and cut into triangles
 * 2 teaspoons powdered sugar, to serve

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 160 C.
 * 2) Heat the water and ¼ cup (60 g) of sugar in a large frying pan over medium heat until the syrup bubbles.
 * 3) Add the rhubarb and simmer for 3 minutes, turning occasionally.
 * 4) Remove the heat and set aside to soak.
 * 5) Heat the milk, cream and vanilla in a saucepan over a low heat until small bubbles appear.
 * 6) Meanwhile, combine the remaining sugar, custard powder, and eggs in a heatproof bowl.
 * 7) Gradually pour the hot milk into the egg mixture, whisking as you go to temper it.
 * 8) Grease a 30 by, deep baking pan. Butter the bread slices.
 * 9) Lay the bread slices in the baking pan, overlapping them slightly. Distribute the rhubarb on top, reserving the rhubarb syrup.
 * 10) Pour in the custard to cover the bread slices. Soak for 20 minutes.
 * 11) Bake for 30 minutes until the bread puffs up.
 * 12) Scatter over 1 tablespoon sugar.
 * 13) Increase temperature to 180 C and bake for 5 more minutes until golden.
 * 14) Dust with powdered sugar and serve optionally with rhubarb syrup and cream.


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Pokémon Red and Blue/Safari Zone

The Safari Zone is a large area located north of Fuchsia City. It contains many Pokémon that cannot be found anywhere else.

You must pay a fee of •500 every time you enter the Safari Zone. You are given 30 Safari Balls, and are released into the Zone. When you throw your last Safari Ball, you are automatically teleported back to the entrance. Additionally, there is a time limit. Once you enter the Zone, the game will start counting “steps” (movements from one tile to another, triggered by pressing the + Control Pad). When you take your five hundredth step, you are teleported to the entrance.

Catching Pokémon
You do not (and cannot) use regular Poké Balls to capture Pokémon in the Safari Zone. You use the Safari Balls instead. When you encounter a wild Pokémon, you must start throwing Safari Balls immediately, hoping for a lucky break. You are not permitted to battle the Pokémon in any way before you throw the Safari Balls. Naturally, the more desirable Pokémon are encountered less, and the better a Pokémon is, the more often it will escape from your Poké Balls.

You are also given Pokémon Food and a supply of rocks. When you encounter a wild Pokémon, you have the choice of throwing either. (You never run out of these items.) Throwing food will make the Pokémon more or less likely to stay inside a Safari Ball. Throwing rocks causes most wild Pokémon to flee.

title: Pokémon Red and Blue/Safari Zone


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Supplementary mathematics/Regular polygon

"Regular polygon" in Euclidean geometry is a polygon whose angles and sides are equal. Regular polygons can be cuboid or star-shaped. In the limiting case, a sequence of regular polygons with increasing number of sides becomes a circle if the perimeter remains constant and becomes an apeirogon if the length of the side remains constant.

perimeter
The perimeter of a regular polygon is based on the multiplication of the number of sides of a regular polygon and the size of the sides of a regular polygon.

The perimeter of the area is obtained based on this relationship. $$P=a_1+a_2+...+a_n=(n.a)=na$$ Here n is equal to the number of sides of a regular polygon and a here is equal to the size of the sides of a regular polygon Is.

Area
The area of a regular polygon is obtained based on trigonometric relationships. The area of a regular polygon is based on the fact that it is made of 1x1 squares and the number of its sides is n, and because it is based on the number pi, the number of sides expands trigonometrically based on the cotangent in the form of pi. It is obtained by dividing the number of sides of a regular polygon.

The area of a regular polygon is written accordingly:

$$A=\frac{1}{4}n.a^2 \cot(\frac{\pi}{n})$$

Here, pi is in radians (equal to 180°).

The square area relationship by trigonometric method
Since the square is a regular polygon, its area can also be written as the area of a regular polygon which is obtained by trigonometric method, which is as follows: $$\frac{1}{4}na^2 \cot \frac{\pi}{n}=a^2 \cot \frac{\pi}{4}=a^2.(\sqrt{1})=1.a^2=a^2$$ here:

$$\frac{1}{4}na^2=\frac{1}{4}4a^2=a^2$$

$$\cot \frac{\pi}{4}=1$$

Therefore, the area of a parallel square is equal to the square of its side.

Other other formula area
The area of an "n-" regular polygon with the size of the side a, the radius of the surrounding circle "R", the radius of the surrounding circle "r" and the perimeter "p" is obtained using the following relations:

(The angles are in radians.)

 * $$A= \tfrac{1}{2}nar = \tfrac{1}{2}pr = \tfrac{1}{4}na^2\cot{\tfrac{\pi}{n}} = nr^2\tan{\tfrac{\pi}{n}} = \tfrac{1}{2}nR^2\sin{\tfrac{2\pi}{n}}$$

where R is equal to:

 * $$R = \frac{s}{2 \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)} = \frac{a}{\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{ n} \right)}$$


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Supplementary mathematics/Conical section

In mathematics, a conic section (or simply a conic, sometimes called a quadratic curve) is a curve obtained as the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane. Three types of conic sections are: hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptical. A circle is a special case of an ellipse, although historically it is sometimes called the fourth type. Ancient Greek mathematicians studied conic sections, culminating in Apollonius Perga's systematic work on their properties around 200 BC.

Circle
A circle is the set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point O. The distance  from the center is called the radius, and the point O is called the center. Twice the radius is known as the diameter D=2r. The angle a circle subtends from its center is a full angle, equal to 360° or $$2 \pi$$ radians.

A circle has the maximum possible area for a given perimeter, and the minimum possible perimeter for a given area.

Ellipse
In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant. It generalizes a circle, which is the special type of ellipse in which the two focal points are the same. The elongation of an ellipse is measured by its eccentricity $$e$$, a number ranging from $$e = 0$$ (the limiting case of a circle) to $$e = 1$$ (the limiting case of infinite elongation, no longer an ellipse but a parabola).

Parabola
In mathematics, a parabola is a plane curve which is mirror-symmetrical and is approximately U-shaped. It fits several superficially different mathematical descriptions, which can all be proved to define exactly the same curves.

The parabola was studied by Menaechmus in an attempt to achieve cube duplication. Menaechmus solved the problem by finding the intersection of the two parabolas $$x^2=y$$and$$y^2=2x$$. Euclid wrote about the parabola, and it was given its present name by Apollonius. Pascal considered the parabola as a projection of a circle, and Galileo showed that projectiles falling under uniform gravity follow parabolic paths. Gregory and Newton considered the catacaustic properties of a parabola that bring parallel rays of light to a focus (MacTutor Archive), as illustrated above.

Hyperbola
Each branch of the hyperbola has two arms which become straighter (lower curvature) further out from the center of the hyperbola. Diagonally opposite arms, one from each branch, tend in the limit to a common line, called the asymptote of those two arms. So there are two asymptotes, whose intersection is at the center of symmetry of the hyperbola, which can be thought of as the mirror point about which each branch reflects to form the other branch. In the case of the curve  the asymptotes are the two coordinate axes.

Hyperbolas share many of the ellipses' analytical properties such as eccentricity, focus, and directrix. Typically the correspondence can be made with nothing more than a change of sign in some term. Many other mathematical objects have their origin in the hyperbola, such as hyperbolic paraboloids (saddle surfaces), hyperboloids ("wastebaskets"), hyperbolic geometry (Lobachevsky's celebrated non-Euclidean geometry), hyperbolic functions (sinh, cosh, tanh, etc.), and gyrovector spaces (a geometry proposed for use in both relativity and quantum mechanics which is not Euclidean).

Equations of Conics
The conic sections can be described in a suitable x-y coordinate system by 2nd degree equations:

 * Ellipse with center M at point (0,0) and major axis on x-axis:
 * $$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1, \quad b=|MS_3|, \qquad a,b\ne0\quad ,$$ (see image). (For $$a=b=r$$ there is a circle.)
 * Parabola with vertex at point (0,0) and axis on y-axis:
 * $$y=ax^2, \quad a=\frac{1}{4|SF|}, \qquad a\ne0\quad,$$ (see figure).
 * Hyperbola with center M at point (0,0) and major axis on x-axis:
 * $$\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1, \quad b^2=|MF_1|^2-a^2, \ qquad a,b\ne0\quad,$$ (see figure).
 * Intersecting pair of lines with intersection at point (0,0):
 * $$a^2x^2-y^2=0,\ a\ne0.$$
 * Line through the point (0,0):
 * $$x^2=0.$$
 * point, the point (0,0):
 * $$a^2x^2+b^2y^2=0,\ a,b\ne 0.$$

For the sake of completeness, two more cases are added, which do not appear as actual conic sections, but are also described by equations of the 2nd degree:

 * Parallel pair of lines:
 * $$x^2=a^2, \ a\ne 0.$$
 * The empty set:
 * $$x^2+y^2=-1$$ or $$x^2=-1$$.

The last two cases can appear as plane sections of a right circular cylinder. A circular cylinder can be viewed as the limiting case of a cone with a cone apex at infinity. Therefore these two cases are included in the conic sections.

Plane sections of the unit cone
To determine that the curves/points referred to above as conic sections actually occur when a cone intersects a plane, here we intersect the unit cone (straight circular cone) $$K_1\colon x^2 + y^2 = z ^2$$ with a plane parallel to the y-axis. This is not a limitation as the cone is rotationally symmetrical. Any right circular cone is the affine image of the unit cone $$K_1$$ and ellipses/hyperbolas/parabolas/... go back into the same with an affine mapping.

Given: plane $$\varepsilon\colon ax + cz = d\ ,$$ cone $$K_1\colon x^2 + y^2 = z^2$$.

Wanted: Intersection $$\varepsilon \cap K_1$$.

 * Case I: $$c = 0$$ In this case the plane is perpendicular and $$a \neq 0$$ and $$x = d/a$$ . Eliminating $$x$$ from the cone equation yields $$z^2 - y^2 = d^2/a^2$$.
 * Case Ia: $$d = 0$$. In this case the intersection consists of the pair of lines $$t(0,1, \pm 1), \ t \in \R.$$.
 * Case Ib: $$d \neq 0$$. The above equation now describes a hyperbola in the y-z plane. So the intersection curve $$\varepsilon \cap K_1$$ is itself a hyperbola.
 * Case II: $$c \neq 0$$. If you eliminate $$z$$ from the cone equation using the plane equation, you get the system of equations $$(1) \quad (c^2 - a^2)x^2 + 2adx + c^2y^2 = d^2, \qquad (2) \quad ax + cz = d.$$
 * Case IIa: For $$d = 0$$ the plane goes through the apex of the cone $$(0,0,0)$$ and equation (1) has now the form $$(c^2 - a^2)x^2 + c^2y^2 = 0$$.
 * For $$c^2 > a^2$$ the intersection is the point $$P_0 = (0,0,0)$$.
 * For $$c^2 = a^2$$ the intersection is the line t(c,0,-a), \ t \in \R.
 * For $$c^2 < a^2 $$ the intersection is the pair of lines $$t(c/ \pm \sqrt{a^2-c^2}, 1, -a/ \pm \sqrt{a^2-c^2}), \ t \in\R .$$
 * Case IIb: For $$d \neq 0$$ the plane does not go through the apex of the cone and is not perpendicular.
 * For $$c^2 = a^2$$, (1) goes into $$x = - \frac{c^2}{2ad}y^2 + \frac{d}{2a }$$ across and the intersection curve is a parabola.
 * For $$c^2 \neq a^2$$ we transform (1) into $$\frac{(c^2-a^2)^2}{d^2c^2 }\left(x+\frac{ad}{c^2-a^2}\right)^2+\frac{c^2-a^2}{d^2}y^2 = 1$$.
 * For $$c^2 > a^2$$ the intersection curve is an ellipse and
 * for $$c^2 < a^2$$ there is a hyperbola.

Parametric representations of the intersection curves can be found in Weblink CDKG, pp. 106-107.

Summary:
 * If the cutting plane does not contain the apex of the cone, the non-degenerate conic sections result (see figure for Ib, IIb), namely a parabola, an ellipse or a hyperbola , depending on whether the axis of the cone is intersected by the cutting plane at the same, greater, or lesser angle than the generatrices of the cone.
 * If, on the other hand, the apex of the cone is in the section plane, the degenerate conic sections are created (see picture for Ia, IIa), namely a point (namely the apex of the cone), a straight line ' (namely one surface line) or a intersecting pair of straight lines, (namely two surface lines).

Pencil of conics
A (non-degenerate) conic is completely determined by five points in general position (no three collinear) in a plane and the system of conics which pass through a fixed set of four points (again in a plane and no three collinear) is called a pencil of conics. The four common points are called the base points of the pencil. Through any point other than a base point, there passes a single conic of the pencil. This concept generalizes a pencil of circles.

In a projective plane defined over an algebraically closed field any two conics meet in four points (counted with multiplicity) and so, determine the pencil of conics based on these four points. Furthermore, the four base points determine three line pairs (degenerate conics through the base points, each line of the pair containing exactly two base points) and so each pencil of conics will contain at most three degenerate conics.

A pencil of conics can be represented algebraically in the following way. Let $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$ be two distinct conics in a projective plane defined over an algebraically closed field $K$. For every pair $λ, μ$ of elements of $K$, not both zero, the expression:

 * $$\lambda C_1 + \mu C_2$$

represents a conic in the pencil determined by $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$. This symbolic representation can be made concrete with a slight abuse of notation (using the same notation to denote the object as well as the equation defining the object.) Thinking of $C_{1}$, say, as a ternary quadratic form, then $C_{1} = 0$ is the equation of the "conic $C_{1}$". Another concrete realization would be obtained by thinking of $C_{1}$ as the 3×3 symmetric matrix which represents it. If $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$ have such concrete realizations then every member of the above pencil will as well. Since the setting uses homogeneous coordinates in a projective plane, two concrete representations (either equations or matrices) give the same conic if they differ by a non-zero multiplicative constant.


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User:GreatEscapade

Hiya!

title: User:GreatEscapade


text:
Information Technology and Ethics/Remote Work

Remote Work
Remote work refers to working from a remote location or commonly from one's home. Remote work allows an employee to work from an off site location.

Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic many businesses and offices had to be closed and companies had to shift employees to remote work and work from home. “In 2019, fewer than 6% of Americans worked primarily from home, per the American Community Survey.”

Company Monitoring of Employees
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic remote work from home has increased in prevalence since 2020. According to the Pew Research Center, “57% say they rarely or never worked from home prior to the coronavirus outbreak.”

With business concerns over how productive employees are productive when working from home, monitoring software has been implemented with work from home to monitor employees' engagement to and making sure they are working.

“Monitoring ensures that the company’s resources are being used efficiently. Employee monitoring also includes checking the activities of the employees working outside the office to identify if the provided resources are used well.”

Some of the ethics concerning monitoring employees require transparency of monitoring, effective policies, and communication with the employees.

Network Monitoring
As per the statistics from the United States Census Bureau, the number of people working from home has increased thrice from 2019 to 2021. The primary reason is the COVID-19 outbreak. Moving forward some big companies are giving options to their employees for Work From Home. While employees are working from home on their company-managed resources, networks, and the internet is one of the big concerns for them and Monitoring of these networks becomes a major concern for organizations. As long as employees are working from the office, they are connecting to the internal organizational networks, in that case, employees can only be able to connect to authorized connections. For example, if JIRA is widely used by the company for managing support and engineering tickets, it will have access to the JIRA portal. However, some organizations restrict the use of third-party websites or applications like WhatsApp, Facebook, Youtube, etc., so that these websites are not accessed and this will reduce the risk of cyber attacks. When employees are working from home they are asked to sign in to a network or a VPN connection to connect to the internal organizational network.

However, even if employees are not connected to a VPN connection, some organizations still allow them to connect to third-party websites or applications. In that case, there is still a risk of cyber attacks as employees are using third-party applications on organizations' resources. For these concerns, companies put some restrictions and monitor every network that the resources connect to. IT administrators in organizations are experts in these types of tasks and they customize company-managed resources in such a way that every connection is monitored. Every single IP address that the machine connects to is recorded and tracked regularly by the IT team people to reduce the risk of cyber-attacks and prevent further damage to resources. They track every single activity that users perform on different networks with company resources like Mobiles, Laptops, desktops, etc.

Packet sniffers are one of the best examples of network monitoring or surveillance tools that are used by companies. These keep track of Websites visited, frequency of websites visited, page views, emails sent, messages sent, any unattended network, downloads, etc. These tools help companies to determine how much time an employee is online and whether are they performing any inappropriate activity or not. Apart from these, companies use firewalls and network/router logs to monitor overall internet traffic. They also periodically scan resources and networks to determine if any unethical behavior is performed or if any forbidden websites have been visited. They write firewall rules to block a third-party website that is regularly visited by people.

Remote Connection Monitoring
Remote connection monitoring also known as end point monitoring is the use of software tools to manage how each remote device connected to the network behaves. While it is crucial to use remote connection monitoring to save on time and money, employers should not use the opportunity to infringe on their employee’s rights to privacy and security.

Below are some of the ethical considerations organizations and employers can take into action for remote connection monitoring.

1.Establish clear remote monitoring policies:

Companies should strive to develop a clear set of policies on the purpose and scope of remote connection monitoring. The policy should define what activities need to be monitored and also outline activities that would be deemed inappropriate. A clear policy not only builds employee trusts but also removes the vagueness of blanket policies.

2.Protection of sensitive information:

Companies should ensure that the monitoring procedures in place maintain data confidentiality by limiting access and having strict policies to ensure data security.

3.Communicate with employees:

Open communication by companies to employees about the remote connection monitoring policy ensures that employees understand and know the extent of monitoring.

4.Balance privacy considerations:

Monitoring should only be carried out to the intended goal and nothing beyond that as it would constitute an infringement on private data.

5. Application of a uniform monitoring:

Companies should apply remote monitoring uniformly across all employees to avoid singling out some employees or groups which could lead to legal issues and cause resentment among employees which could create a hostile work environment.

There is clearly no doubt that remote connection monitoring usage has grown in the recent years and also the growth of monitoring software which has made monitoring easier more accessible than ever. However, companies should always put in place ethical policies when remotely monitoring employees.

Employee Abuse of Company Devices
Any improper or misused use of equipment provided by the employer for work-related reasons such as computers, smartphones and tablets are referred to as employee abuse of company property. These behavior's might be as basic as utilizing company equipment for personal use while at work to more significant ones like intentionally introducing virus or stealing company data. Employee asset misuse can be big or small. All instances of misuse are detrimental to an organization. Any abuse of company assets for personal gain qualifies as asset misuse. Some types of misuse:

 * Renting out firm resources or equipment to third parties.
 * Making rival or fake products using business resources or the facilities.
 * Using your corporation to run a rival business.
 * Directing subordinates or workers to do out duties for a ghost firm while they are unaware of it.
 * Giving family members or acquaintances unauthorized discounts or free goods.

When an employee takes their power within your company. Although you might be tempted to act right away, it is often preferable to wait as long as it is reasonable. An expertly executed employee asset misuse investigation will gather proof of prohibited or unlawful behavior's within your company giving you leverage. If you select a lawsuit against the offending employee, information like this will be required.

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) prohibits purposeful access to a computer without authorization or with more authorization than necessary although it doesn't specify what "without authorization" implies. Although the CFAA does not define the term "without authorization" it does state that "exceeds authorized access" means using permitted access to a computer to obtain or modify information that the user is not authorized to do so.

One way to address technology abuse in the workplace is to use web filtering software to block access to undesirable websites. Employers can also create internet use policies that eliminate internet misuse and addictive behavior's while still allowing for the positive benefits of internet use in the work environment. Additionally, supervisors can reinforce these policies and internet filters can be used to monitor internet use. By implementing these steps, employers can reduce the risk of employee abuse or misuse of company devices and protect their company's data and assets.

Employees committing Time theft while at home
The term Time Theft is a rather loose term describing a specific type of theft by an employee on the employer. This term applies primarily to two separate means of theft. The first way is in the case that an employee misrepresents his/her hours worked in order to gain larger sums of money for time that the employee did not work. The second way, is where an employee shirks responsibility and avoids doing their job while participating in paid company time. The latter term has also been dubbed Quiet Quitting by many media outlets in recent years.

Both of these methods behave as theft as the employee betrays their responsibility in the capitalist transaction of labor for credit, by failing to uphold their commonly contractual agreement to provide services for the money in which they are receiving. And as such are of negative ethical impact.

With the growth of remote work it has become more difficult for employers to detect and prevent time theft. As they cannot physically monitor their employees' activities as easily as they could in an office setting, employer's have begun to look for new methods to prevent Time Theft. Some companies have implemented new technologies such as time tracking software and keystroke monitoring tools to ensure that employees are working productively.

The ethical repercussions of remote work aided time theft are multifaceted. On one hand many employees would seek to argue, that they deserve the dignity and respect to be trusted with managing their own time and allowed to work in the way that best suits them. This is regardless of whether that involves employees taking breaks or engaging in personal activities during work hours. However arguably speaking, employers reserve the right to expect their workers to work attentively and productively during work hours, especially if those employees are compensated for that time.

As it currently stands, it remains the company's decision regarding how they want to handle time theft in a remote work setting. Some companies have chosen to be more lenient and allow their employees more flexibility, while others have taken a stricter approach and use technology to closely monitor their employees' activities.


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Talk:PostgreSQL/Features

how the backend process are created ? are this child process ? how this backend process are tracked with status and resource conflict?
how the backend process are created ? are this child process ? how this backend process are tracked with status and resource conflict? 152.58.230.240 (discuss) 04:42, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

 * The architecture chapter writes: "Subsequently, the Postmaster listens to its configured system port. In response to new client connection attempts he launches new Backend processes and delegates authentication, communication, and the handling of all further requests to them." Kelti (discuss • contribs) 05:00, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:PostgreSQL/Features


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User talk:Sarahandduck41

Unblock
I don't want to be blocked forever.

Confirmed
✅ Sarahandduck41 (discuss • contribs) 10:05, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

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Nuclear Energy

Welcome to the Wikibook of NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy has been one of the most important actions and discoveries of mankind. The nuclear reactor, the use of nuclear fission, the extraction of nuclear lava, etc. are among the most important things in nuclear energy. This book is about nuclear energy.

= Items =

Introduction

 * 1) Introduction

branches

 * 1) atom
 * 2) Atom components
 * 3) Elements
 * 4) Definition of nuclear energy
 * 5) Nuclear technology
 * 6) nuclear reactor
 * 7) Uranium enrichment
 * 8) nuclear medicine
 * 9) nuclear program
 * 10) Nuclear fuel
 * 11) Atomic mathematics
 * 12) Atomic physics
 * 13) Quantum physics

Application

= References =

title: Nuclear Energy


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Cookbook:Brown Butter Biscuits

Brown butter biscuits is a recipe adapted from page 42 of the July/August 2022 edition of Tesco's magazine.

Ingredients

 * 1 stick (125 g/4.4 oz) butter
 * ½ cup (110 g) superfine sugar
 * 1 egg
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
 * 2½ cups (350 g) self-rising flour

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 180 C. Line 2 baking sheets.
 * 2) Melt the butter in a pan over a medium heat for 3–5 minutes until the surface is foamy.
 * 3) Leave it to cool for 5 minutes.
 * 4) Whisk in the sugar until dissolved.
 * 5) Leave it to cool for 10–15 minutes until lukewarm.
 * 6) Beat in the eggs and vanilla.
 * 7) Fold in the flour until combined.
 * 8) Roll the dough into 20 balls and place on the prepared baking sheets.
 * 9) Flatten the biscuits with a fork.
 * 10) Bake for 12–14 minutes until golden.
 * 11) Transfer the biscuits to a wire rack and leave it to cool.

title: Cookbook:Brown Butter Biscuits


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Cookbook:Leek, Parsley, and Cheddar Mash

Leek, parsley, and cheddar mash is a recipe adapted from page 28 of the April 2023 edition of Tesco's magazine.

Ingredients

 * 600 g (1.3 lb) Maris Piper potatoes, peeled and cut into chunks
 * 4 teaspoons olive oil
 * 1 large leek, trimmed, halved and sliced
 * 1½ cups (125 g/4.4 oz) grated Cheddar cheese
 * ¼ cup (20 g) parsley leaves, chopped
 * ¼ stick (30 g) butter, diced
 * 3–4 tablespoons milk (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Boil the potatoes in a medium pot filled with water for 15–20 minutes until tender.
 * 2) Meanwhile, heat 3 teaspoons oil in a lidded frying pan over a low-medium heat.
 * 3) Cook the leeks for 10 minutes, covering the lid, until softened.
 * 4) Drain the potatoes and leave for 5 minutes to steam-dry.
 * 5) Transfer the potatoes to a large bowl and mash them with leeks, cheese, most of parsley and the butter.
 * 6) Set aside for 5 minutes for the butter and cheese to melt. Stir briefly to combine. For a creamier mash, stir in the milk.
 * 7) Serve with the remaining parsley.