text:
User talk:Vinyasi/sandbox

= Wikibooks =

Criticisms, suggestions, etc...
Let's make this an awesome text! Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 01:37, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

Free Energy does not Exist (backup copy, here...)
This is unsuited to Wikibooks. It starts with a contention that accepted physics is false and asserts pseudoscience to claim that free energy can be created from nothing. This is outside the scope of Wikibooks which, while more tolerant of original research than Wikipedia, does not accept out-and-out made-up-at-school stuff like this. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 15:29, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

 * “... and asserts pseudoscience to claim that free energy can be created from nothing.” MarcGarver is correct as far as loaded coils are concerned. Took me until now to deduce that the use of standard techniques for loading motor coils won't work with my type of circuit since it is not standard. So, I had to use something more severe. I discovered that a full diode bridge works just fine! Thanks, Marc, for challenging me to grow. I doubt I would have otherwise. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 05:44, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Where did I go wrong in leading you astray? Specifically? For, I never make those claims by intention. Physics is not false. Yet, our misunderstanding of Free Energy oftentimes leads to the popularization of flamboyant statements which ignore the exception to the rule that the conservation of energy within Noether's Theorem cannot apply itself to frames of temporal reference which change. This alteration of temporal reference must occur whenever current is inverted from voltage arising from non-digital (analog) techniques involving: coils, capacitors, spark gaps, etc.

 * Please draw my attention to where I have claimed that: "free energy can be created from nothing", for I am not aware of having ever made that statement. I always claim that "more can be had from less" through the recycling of reactance per half-cycle of oscillations since reactance is not energy (it is lossless) and, thus, the conservation of energy has no jurisdiction/relevancy over the reversal of current (relative to voltage) until said reversal meets up with simple (non-reactive) resistance by which this value of "negative watts" gets converted into "positive watts".

 * If anything, I claim recycling lossless reactance gives the ‘’appearance’’ of more output resulting from the ‘’appearance’’ of less input without it actually being the case!

Quote: We can avoid being charged for our energy usage by recycling its electrical reactance to such a degree of excessive conservation that a mere factor of 99% reuse (for instance) constitutes a 100 to 1 gain (of output versus input) without any violation of physics.

 * Six years of independent research does not amount to made-up-at-school stuff.

 * Fringe science is useful. I'd be more intrigued if you wrote a book of your own countering all of my claims with counter-claims of your own. That would be science (if I am not misquoted) and a quid pro quo: a give and take.

 * Your contentions are too vague for merit. Please be more precise.Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 16:45, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * You've made the point yourself "Six years of independent research". This is therefore Original Research, out of scope for Wikibooks and is actually eligible for speedy deletion. As for your contention that we are all too stupid to understand you, I suggest you are struggling with the ability to understand the policies here. Even if what you are writing is TRUE the fact that you yourself did the research and it isn't part of accept science = it is out of scope and will be deleted. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 09:22, 24 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Wikibooks isn't a host for nonsensical rouged content. --SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 07:20, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Granted, I got a little carried away with myself enjoying the process of elaboration if that’s what you mean by “rouge”. Since you misspelled “nonsensical”, I can help you out by locating the crux of my discussion in case you overlooked it…
 * The section: Mathematical Consequences and the subsection: What’s reversal of current good for? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 16:54, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Everyone makes typos; WB:AGF. That still doesn't change my argument nor does it change my point. --SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 11:39, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * How can I engage you in good faith if you don’t even bother to read the section that I pointed out to you was the whole reason for me posting this Wikibook irrespective of its embellishments? Why are you ignoring my suggestion to focus on the math? And why are you bringing up deletion, now, when you could’ve said some thing about any errors, beforehand? Don’t you have something to contribute instead of just hitting the red button? Normal behavior, which could solicit trust, would be to work with me - not against me. By initiating deletion before offering any constructive criticism on the book’s talk page you destroyed good faith. What am I supposed to possess faith in? Your ability to perform damage without cooperation? What arguments? You don’t back up what you claim with examples from wherever you are pulling your arguments from. You’re not focusing; you’re just making unqualified statements directed at nothing in particular except the book and it’s entirety but not against any citations within its content. So let’s talk about the title since that seems to be the only thing you’re arguing against? You can’t be arguing against its content since you haven’t brought up anything in particular within the content to focus on. So, let’s discuss the title. What’s wrong with the title? Do you think that the title is not backed up by the content? I don’t understand why you think electrical reactance is pseudoscience. Just because it’s not physics? This is not a book about physics; it’s about  the simulation  of electrical engineering.
 * I added this book to a shelf: Category:Shelf:Strategy_guides since it already gives strategy advice for working with video game-like simulations of electric circuits and how to produce gainful results. Since you have already stated how this book is inappropriate to position it here, within Wikibooks, professing to be a book about physical circuits when it is actually basing its conclusions and advice upon simulations of virtual-reality game-like circuits, then what do you think of my resubmitting it over at StrategyWiki and removing it from here? Or, merely adding this new shelf: Category:Shelf:Strategy_guides? And/or removing the other shelf of: Category:Shelf:Electric_circuits_series? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 16:54, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I placed a warning under Synopsis ...

"B" is the coefficient associated with the imaginary term of a complex number. Both of these, namely: this format, could be considered equivalent to a linear polynomial of two terms: a real term and an imaginary term.
 * ...as well as modifications to the text within that section to reflect this book's new status as a simulation of virtual reality.Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 18:13, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Do simulations clarify rounged content? "Rouged", as in: "don't get people's hopes up to unrealistic expectations when it comes to them considering building any of these simulations which I rely upon as my citations for virtual strategies?" Isn't my lack of clarification the cause of what these various complaints, here, are all about?Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 18:43, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I think my addition of a stern WARNING within the Synopsis section satisfies any need for a neutral point of view since I know of no one, other than myself, who has ever bothered to simulate "reversal of current among severely starved analog (not digital) circuits" who is able to contribute a point of view. Hence, any complaints made as to this book's content is not going to be helpful unless someone contributes the results of their experimentation along similar lines. But I'm still capable of making mistakes of presentation especially since I am one-of-a-kind making it that more difficult for me to engage my audience without "leaving them behind in the dust" of what-the-heck-is-he-talking-about. Hence, there is a very real need for collaboration. Anyone disagree? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 23:19, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Added another warning, this time in the form of a preamble at the very beginning.Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 05:33, 23 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Maybe I should have named this wikibook, "Free Energy does not Exist. Yet, Politicized Science does exist!"? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 01:54, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Nominators for deletion are invited to join the conversation: Reading room/Assistance
 * "Deletion is not inevitable. I don't see a problem with the book but maybe the person who tagged it for deletion can share their thoughts."--Xania Flag_of_Estonia.svg Flag_of_Ukraine.svg talk 04:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC) -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 18:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Let me ask this: in your "Mathematical Consequences" section, you try to find $$(A + iB)^2$$. Are A and B matrices, vectors or what? You then perform cross-product on them, but isn't matrix multiplication an inner product operation? Also, where are you getting your theories from? Can you cite relevant sources that describe what you are trying to say in your book? Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 12:54, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Leaderboard ...
 * "in your 'Mathematical Consequences' section, you try to find ${\displaystyle (A+iB)^{2}}$.|undefined"
 * "Are A and B matrices,...?"
 * No.
 * "vectors, ...?"
 * No.
 * ...or what? You then perform cross-product on them, but isn't matrix multiplication an inner product operation? — This is not applicable since these are not matrix computations.
 * "A" is the real coefficient of a complex number.

 * So, their double cross product is just two of the possible combinations resulting from finding: $${\displaystyle (A+iB)^{2}}$$. The other two products are the squaring of the "A" term and the squaring of the "iB" term (which, in the case of electrical engineering, "i" would be replaced with the symbol of: "j").

 * All of this squaring business is for a purpose...

 * The inversion of the phase of current relative to the phase of voltage has to come from somewhere. From where does it come?

 * It comes from the squaring of the imaginary term of a complex number if the inlet, the input port, of a circuit's real voltage is kept extremely low. Or else, it comes from a spark gap flashing ON.

 * The squaring of a complex number happens during each cycle of calculations for determining the outcome of a circuit per time-frame when that circuit also contains reactive components.

 * Since I have discovered from six years of simulated trial and error that a reactive circuit fed a starvation diet of input voltage through a single portal of inlet – with no other chance for escape since any other outlet is not made available to this type of circuit (unless I gain the skillfulness of getting away with having additional grounded escape outlets while retaining this second requirement of restrictive throughput to disallow the formation of a normal direction for current to flow), then this type of circuit has a high likelihood of succeeding in producing a runaway condition of output surging at a rate which is faster than the thermodynamic rate of decline imposed by conventional experience.

 * Maybe I did not make this clear in the text? Since you asked, then I have to assume that I am not clearly stating the situation to prevent your confusion.
 * "Also, where are you getting your theories from?"
 * When students of electrical engineering are taught how to perform the same calculations that a simulator performs upon a "live" circuit (such as the format of equations taught at Khan Academy; I'm sure there are other locations), and when a simulator can do this for me without me having to do them, myself, then simple logic is staring me in the face that answers the timeless question, "From where does free energy come from if not from the loony bin of fantasy?"
 * Can you cite relevant sources that describe what you are trying to say in your book?
 * I remember reading (somewhere) that a voltage source is equivalent to voltage regulation; that the amplitude of a voltage input is directly related to its ability to regulate the voltages of a "live" circuit and prevent reactance from becoming a positive feedback. This positive feedback is what I design my simulated circuits to possess in which the inductive and capacitive reactances of each cycle, or half-cycle, of the circuit's oscillations become the inductances and the capacitances for each subsequent cycle, or half-cycle. This is where reactive impedance becomes our friend: under conditions of starvation (stimulating a circuit without feeding it any significant amount of power) and a restricted throughput (to discourage the formation of current) produces a backlash similar to the short-lived responses of a diode whenever voltage polarity switches and just before the diode cuts off the flow of current. This backlash is the inversion of current whose sustained consequence is the increase of voltage differences rather than their thermodynamic equalization.

 * This, then, is what constitutes electrical free energy if power factor conversion (of the inverted current) is taken care of (such as through a simple resistive load or a full-bridge rectification involving a square formation of diodes).

 * So, unless I overlooked something, I am missing two citations...
 * Khan Academy
 * Equating the term, of: "Voltage regulation" with the term and function of a: "voltage source".
 * And a hole of knowledge never fed to budding students of electrical engineering, but can only be gained by their experience.

 * This third point I bank on since I am one of a kind. I have no one's quota of expectations to fulfill, but my own, which is: to make discovery and share.

 * [[File:Capacitors are always placed in parallel across inductive loads to save energy and stabilize its usage.png|thumb|Capacitors are always placed in parallel across inductive loads to save energy and stabilize its usage]]
 * Electrical engineering goes to a lot of trouble avoiding surges. They are never studied except how to subdue them as quickly as possible. They are certainly not studied for their value of renewability unless its according to prescribed plans already in use, such as: synchronous generators/motors, or a simple capacitor placed in parallel with a motor (see, screenshot, to the right).

 * Anyone who has studied math knows that there are infinitely various approaches to a solution of a problem. And electrical engineering is heavily engrossed in the math which models their subject.

 * The study of physics kills this incentive to find a solution by telling us that we can't discover anything new, or old and forgotten. But this limitation is intended for little children. It is not relevant to adults – if by adult, is to suggest someone who can think for themselves.

 * Conservation of energy does not pertain to reactive power since reactive power is not power; it is merely reactance. It cannot be conserved under the circumstances outlined, above, since it is not being "stored" and then "released" to, and from, inductors and capacitors. It is being "reflected" without storage and without discharge. Storage and discharge would entail a delay due to an assumption of "energy" being transmitted from one component in a circuit to every other component. This delay prevents overunity of output.

 * This "reflection" is what diodes do on a momentary basis. But if inductors and capacitors can be induced to do this as well, and in a sustained manner, then inductors and capacitors become analogous to the reversal of current inside of a spark gap with the added advantage of manipulating amplitude and frequency to a much better degree than the limitations of a spark gap could accomplish all alone and by itself without any assistance from inductances and capacitances outside of itself.

 * So, ... Is this Original Research?

 * You can bet that it is! Where else are you going to find this except from personal experience: yours and mine. You're not going to find this in a book or from taking a class due to it being against social protocol of a well-regulated society. Just as operating from the assumption that you have to calculate the requirements of a load and feed it that much, plus a little extra (to cover thermodynamic inefficiencies), will suppress reactive feedback, likewise do we seek an authoritative answer outside of ourselves with similar results of missing opportunities of self-discovery.

 * Did I miss something?

Electrical engineering always allowed for free energy circuits by renaming them: unstable. In other words, "energy IN does not equal energy OUT" defines an unstable circuit in which you can't predict the output based on the input, alone (ignoring the ability for a shift in time due to electrical reactance disqualifying Conservation of Energy under Noether's Theorem). Thus, Conservation of Energy is not a law so much as it is a yardstick by which circuit topologies are measured to determine a circuit's type. If a circuit's output is unpridictable (based on its input, alone), then it is unstable since its output was not conserved within the boundaries imposed by its input. Type-casting is not disallowance; it is merely prejudice.
 * Thanks for asking. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 22:04, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Leaderboard, I forgot to mention...

 * Considering how unstable circuit simulators are (due to their consistent use of matrix algebra as a shortcut for calculating a circuit's outcome), simulating an unstable circuit within the context of an unstable simulator yields "matrix is singular" error messages more often than not. Only stable circuits yield predictable outcomes. Simulators find no fault with these types of circuits.

 * Using an inherently unstable simulator to calculate a circuit's behavior is a predisposition (ie, prejudice) towards favoring stable circuits since only stable circuits will pass through this artificial, manmade act of filtration without coughing up and freezing in mid-stride. This is not due to some Law of Nature. It is due to flagrant social engineering. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 03:15, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, @Leaderboard. There are relevant citations. Giving it some more thought, and engaging in a little brush-up reading, I remembered something I read a few years ago and added one sentence with two references attached to my wikibook's subsection ...
 * Free Energy does not Exist#Block Diagram
 * quote...
 * This situation is best described as when an open IDEAL transmission line is terminated by a shorted IDEAL transmission line encouraging the formation of a purely imaginary impedance at the input.   -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 01:45, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Leaderboard
 * Can you cite relevant sources that describe what you are trying to say in your book?
 * Symbol opinion vote.svg FYI: Yes, I can (now)!
 * MrPreva, on YouTube, makes a good case for the reversal of current using a shorted step-up/down transformer. Although this is not overunity of output, it is a significant first step of simplicity! His video has been translated into English (from the Russian) by MrJohnK1 and comments have been offered by Chris Sykes among others. When simulated within Paul Falstad's electronic simulator, an ideal condition manifests in which the wattage of the A/C source shifts most of its power into the negative side of its virtual oscilloscope tracings throughout each cycle of oscillation. This goes beyond the mere recycling of reactive power via the use of a capacitor placed across an inductive load (in the screenshot, up-above, of recycled reactance). -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 17:18, 6 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Symbol keep vote.svg Keep -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 17:34, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Comment: You can call me completely stupid for this (Go on, I won't deny it - just don't make fun of me), but I am totally confused... Would it have been simpler just to say "this is original research on power simulation games"? That's just about all I caught... 20:56, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @L10nM4st3r You pegged it accurately and succinctly. Yes, it would have been simpler, but not as interesting since I am a curious fellow who wants an explanation as to "why it is" and "how it is" as well as "what it is" plus "who cares?" and what does history have to say? Good ideas are always rediscovered no matter how readily they keep getting forgotten since good ideas are eternal ideas which can never entirely die! And I want feedback from other people who are, and are not, like-minded to fertilize my understanding so that I can grow and not merely feel comfortable. "Challenge me" is my motto. But it's more than a mere game since, by posting it, and researching it (online), I bump into people whose experiments may help me understand. Take my latest foray into the work of MrPreva for instance. I never would have discovered him had I not been assembling a slideshow the other day and needed slides of shorted coils. That led me to his shorted transformer video. His data, and its simplicity, blows me away – especially since he did his experiments on the bench while I am limited to performing them under simulation. Yet, my limitation does not hamper me from appreciating his handiwork. Far from it! Thanks for asking ... -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 09:17, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Changed vote - see below I think I vote to delete, because of WB:NOR. You said it yourself twice: it was your own research, and there are no reliable (non-primary, and non-original-research) sources for it. If you want to post it, post it somewhere that accepts original research. That's my opinion, and I hope you consider it. 10:53, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Read that link. OR seems to be accepted at Wikiversity - "Wikibooks also allows instructional guides, but that resource doesn't allow original research" - which indicates OR is allowed there. 10:57, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @L10nM4st3r Help me to understand this concept of: "primary research". So, I can't quote it if it's a lone wolf? But what if another source can be found? In other words, how many primary sources of research does it take for each of them to be considered secondary? Or, if quantity of independent citations are not enough, then how deep does a string of citations have to go, as in: me citing someone else, who cites someone else, etc.? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * This is how I understand it  tell me if I'm wrong. You research something, say, the moon is slowly shrinking. You find proof, bujt you can't post it on Moon. Not yet anyway. Then you post your findings somewhere where it gets verified. If the moon really is shrinking, news sites everywhere (or some news sites) say the moon is shrinking. Before you know it, somebody adds "the moon is shrinking" to the wikipedia article. Obviously the moon is not shrinking, but as an example it works well. But your case seems to be able to just post it on a wiki that allows original-research-that-is-not-outright-false. That would be Wikiversity. I suggest having it sent to wikiversity. Transwiki to Wikiversity and delete from Wikibooks - that's my new vote. Transwiki basically means it will get transported to a potentially more suitable wiki - if they want it.  21:47, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @L10nM4st3r
 * Import
 * Free Energy does not Exist -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 02:49, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, it can probably be deleted from Wikibooks then. 13:43, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @L10nM4st3r To whomever this may concern... OK, but Can a redirect be placed (in place of the deletion) to redirect readers to its new location at Wikiversity? An automatic redirect, or else a notice with a link to the new location, would be very courteous since I've already scattered numerous links to this Wikibooks' location. Thank you. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 17:16, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * That's not up to me - I'm not an admin. 18:48, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Symbol keep vote.svg Keep I still want to keep it here at Wikibooks, or have a redirect to its new location if that's possible. If it has to go, then at least it has a copy in another location in case deletion occurs. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 18:51, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * quote, “... where are you getting your theories from? Can you cite relevant sources that describe what you are trying to say in your book?”
 * Please see: Acknowledgments:
 * "snip...snip    I always assumed that I don't need to cite anyone other than myself – not due to any presumed brilliance of mine, but – due to common sense and simple logic. snip...snip      If I perform a single caloric unit of energy every time I strike my hand with my other fist, and I am doing this per second, then if I should increase my frequency of strikes per second, doesn't this increase the quantity of energy which is delivered to my hand (by my fist) during each period of one second?      This is why we're charged for our electrical energy usage using Ohm's Law – in Kilowatts – blended with per units of Hours since time is one of the three variables of Electrical Reactance Formulae. Time matters to electrical engineering and is not to be undersold since it works in conjunction with the other two ingredients of electrical reactance, namely: capacitive and inductive reactance.      Electrical reactance formulae don't bother to measure themselves using units of amps or volts. And, likewise, Ohm's Law doesn't bother to quantify itself in terms of the temporal-factors of frequency and phase relations, nor with the dynamic field-properties of capacitance and inductance. Yet, it is the combination of these two mathematical relationships which quantifies our electric bill. snip...snip      Assuming that you accept the analogy, up-above, of energy expenditure per unit of time along with its consequences, and since time is merely one of three variable parameters of electrical reactance, then it stands to reason that free energy is the manipulation of  all of the parameters of electrical reactance, not merely one of them (ie, time), while diminishing the significance of energy (under Ohm's Law) even though some energy, no matter how small and insignificant, is always needed to run a circuit. snip...snip" -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 01:33, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * If it has been determined that the book is better suited for Wikiversity, I see no need to keep a copy here. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 06:57, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , I think what Vinyasi meant is to change it to a soft redirect. See for example School of Mathematics which is a soft redirect to wikiversity. I think it should be moved to wikiversity in a way that preserves the revision history of the page and the associated talk page. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 10:24, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * That's fine by me. It seems that the user was referring to something else though when they pinged me. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:42, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 OK. May I do this, myself? -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 22:03, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 Is it necessary to have the hash sign at the start of the wiki code? ...
 * versus ...
 * -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 22:09, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , I’m not an admin. is and told that it’s fine by him. Honestly I have no idea why the hash sign is there. To import with the revision history, you need importer rights in Wikiversity. Hope this helps. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 22:45, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm tired of this discussion. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 23:02, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123:, I believe that it was already imported (with revision history) at Wikiversity. I don't think there is anything else to do as a result and unless : thinks otherwise, this can be closed. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 08:40, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @MarcGarver
 * → "physics is false"
 * ↓ I can't help it if physics doesn't want to take advantage of a missed opportunity to exceed our expectations.
 * → "free energy can be created from nothing"
 * I wouldn't call impedance nothing. Impedance is a substantial force to be reckoned with giving us losses or gains depending upon how we take advantage of it, or not, as the case may be.
 * -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 06:17, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't call impedance nothing. Impedance is a substantial force to be reckoned with giving us losses or gains depending upon how we take advantage of it, or not, as the case may be.
 * -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 06:17, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

= Wikiversity =

Let's Chat ...
You may deposit your criticisms, suggestions, etc., here. Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 00:48, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

Wikibooks Request for Deletion Discussion
See Wikibooks: Requests for deletion#Free Energy does not Exist for criticism discussion related to this research. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 16:29, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

 * @Dave Braunschweig – A backup copy of deletion request discussion placed on the talk page of that former Wikibook. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 21:40, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

Why is my transwiki in the Deletion List?
I thought I was taking the suggestions from the editors over at Wikibooks to move my page over to here in view of the fact that they want to delete it over there.

For some reason, someone has reverted my edits and added a Categorical tag which wasn't there to begin with which places my page in the Deletion Requests Category. Is this a mistake? Or, is this intentional? How can I remedy this? Thank you. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 03:03, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

 * It has been corrected by the editor who acknowledged the mistake on their talk page. Please disregard this question. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 03:11, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

Actually, the page in question -- Free Energy does not Exist -- probably should be deleted. This content was already under discussion for deletion at Wikibooks, and all the exact same arguments which were presented there also apply here. This isn't research, this isn't educational, it's simply nonsense. Wikiversity may have looser policies on content than other Wikimedia sites, but that doesn't make it a dumping ground for everything that got (rightly) rejected from those other sites, especially when it's likely to be actively misleading to students trying to use this site as a learning resource. Omphalographer (discuss • contribs) 08:27, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

 * @Omphalographer It is certainly research. Whether or not it is junk research and a waste of everyone else's time is a different question. And, so far, the Wikiversity community has agreed to accept this type of research if it doesn't cause disruptions. However, it also doesn't have to be hosted in main space. It can be moved to either user space or draft space. User space seems more appropriate for this resource. You should also use the resource's talk page to provide a brief summary of the concerns that would help others understand why the article cannot be trusted as is. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 15:31, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Dave Braunschweig I placed a tag at the top of the text, entitled: { {Original research} }. Thanks. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 16:16, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Omphalographer Where, among the various uses of the term of: "research" over there did anyone ever say what you are saying, now, and for the first time, here?
 * Here (your usage)...
 * https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Requests_for_Deletion
 * "This isn't research "
 * Versus...
 * There (their usage)...
 * https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Free_Energy_does_not_Exist&diff=4208966&oldid=4208936
 * " This is original research of the most egregious kind trying to pretend that the laws of physics are a fantasy. It doesn't belong here."
 * And, there...
 * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Free_Energy_does_not_Exist
 * " This is outside the scope of Wikibooks which, while more tolerant of original research than Wikipedia, does not accept out-and-out made-up-at-school stuff like this."
 * My usage...
 * "Six years of independent research does not amount to made-up-at-school stuff."
 * Their usage...
 * "You've made the point yourself "Six years of independent research ". This is therefore Original Research, out of scope for Wikibooks..."
 * "Even if what you are writing is TRUE the fact that you yourself did the research and it isn't part of accept science" [ergo, egregious] "= it is out of scope and will be deleted."
 * My usage...
 * " ... Is this Original Research ? You can bet that it is!"
 * Their usage...
 * "Would it have been simpler just to say "this is original research on power simulation games"?"
 * My usage...
 * "But it's more than a mere game since, by posting it, and researching it (online), I bump into people whose experiments may help me understand."
 * Their usage...
 * "Changed vote - see below I think I vote to delete, because of WB:NOR. You said it yourself twice: it was your own research , and there are no reliable (non-primary, and non- original-research ) sources for it. If you want to post it, post it somewhere that accepts original research . That's my opinion, and I hope you consider it."
 * "Read that link. OR seems to be accepted at Wikiversity - "Wikibooks also allows instructional guides, but that resource doesn't allow original research " - which indicates OR is allowed there."
 * Primary research — Wikibooks is not a place to publish primary research. Examples of things not allowed on Wikibooks include proposing new theories and solutions, presenting original ideas, defining new terms, and coining new words.  In short, primary research should be published elsewhere, such as a peer-reviewed journal, or our sister project Wikiversity.
 * Wikiversity is the place for original research, including primary or secondary research. This includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations. Ethical guidelines must adhere, see Research ethics. Pages with original research should be marked with the original research or research project templates.
 * My usage...
 * "Help me to understand this concept of: " primary research "."
 * "...how many primary sources of research does it take for each of them to be considered secondary?"
 * Their usage...
 * "This is how I understand it" ... "You research something" ... "But your case seems to be able to just post it on a wiki that allows original-research -that-is-not-outright-false. That would be Wikiversity ."
 * Among all of these dozens of examples, I would suggest that MarcGarver said it best by using the word, “egregious”: reflecting the positive connotations of “standing out from the flock”. I believe he used this choice of adjective because these wikis are comprised of a community of editors who, if they can't agree on anything, have decided to delete whatever they cannot collectively contribute (to) since its tolerance would constitute a blockade (of sorts) and, thus, a lack of their collective accessibility. This would be a contradiction of their desire and intention to participate. Hence, “egregious” is the operational word, here. Nothing else matters.  Nor does it matter that this problem is not my fault!  Yet, because I attempt to make-up for whatever discrepancy of education may have occurred from our collective sources of learning by providing original research of my own, I am blamed for somebody else's problem merely because I am trying to fix it! Go back to sleep, or else accept me. This is not my choice. This is yours. I cannot change my “skin” (my psychological profile) any more than anyone else can (apparently). It'll probably take a miracle, otherwise. I am not a miracle worker despite my egregious mannerisms .
 * By the way, after doing the research to write this response, I've learned of the necessity of posting an appropriate tag at the top of the text, entitled: { {Original research} }. Thanks. -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 16:14, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Vinyasi and @Omphalographer This is not the place to discuss specific merits and issues with the article itself. Please use Talk:Free Energy does not Exist so the history of the discussion is retained with the resource, and hopefully any improvements can be incorporated. Use this page to discuss whether or not the article should be kept as is, deleted, or moved to a different namespace. Thanks! -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 16:45, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Vinyasi: We include both the Original Research tag and also a notice or warning on controversial research. At this point, noted by multiple users at Wikibooks, your research and/or findings are controversial. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 16:47, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Dave Braunschweig Egregious versus controversial... ;-) -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 17:10, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Vinyasi: We include both the Original Research tag and also a notice or warning on controversial research. At this point, noted by multiple users at Wikibooks, your research and/or findings are controversial. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 16:47, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Dave Braunschweig Egregious versus controversial... ;-) -- Vinyasi (discuss • contribs) 17:10, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

= References =

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Vinyasi/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Hot Sauce

Hot sauce or pepper sauce is a spicy condiment made primarily from ground chile peppers, with other flavorings added. It is a distinct sub-type of chili sauce, and the English term "hot sauce" generally refers to this specific family of chili sauces found in the Americas.

Louisiana-style
Louisiana-style hot sauce is bright red and acidic, and it usually undergoes a period of fermentation. The longer the sauce ferments, the more complex its flavor profile. It may also feature other flavors and aromatics, such as garlic. Common brands include Tabasco, Texas Pete, and Frank's RedHot.

New Mexican
New Mexican hot sauces are either red or green and typically thickened with flour. They often also contain a meaty broth and no vinegar.

Picante
Mexican picante hot sauces frequently use a variety of smoked chilis and very little vinegar. Popular brands include Cholula and Valentina.

Caribbean pepper sauce
Hot sauces are generally referred to as pepper sauces in the Caribbean, where Scotch bonnet peppers are frequently used. They are very hot and often somewhat vinegary. Some, like those from the Virgin Islands, include mustard as an ingredient.

title: Cookbook:Hot Sauce


text:
Cookbook:Rice Water Porridge

A typical Ghanaian morning dish is rice water porridge, made with evaporated or powdered milk. It is comparable to rice pudding but lighter because the cooking process uses water.

Ingredients

 * Rice
 * 1 teaspoon salt
 * Sugar or honey
 * Milk (evaporated or powdered)
 * Dash of nutmeg

Equipment

 * Stove
 * Spoon
 * Pot/saucepan

Procedure

 * 1) Wash the rice, then put it in a saucepan with a few cups of water. Bring to a boil.
 * 2) Boil the rice for about 20 minutes, or until it has absorbed the water and become soft. If necessary, add the salt and an additional cup of water.
 * 3) Beat the rice against the saucepan with a spoon to create a smooth, pudding-like consistency.
 * 4) Add the nutmeg, and then let it boil for about 5 minutes. Add the sugar or honey.
 * 5) Serve with your preferred milk, and garnish with a tiny touch of nutmeg.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Soak the unprepared rice in water overnight for a very smooth rice water porridge.

title: Cookbook:Rice Water Porridge


text:
Cookbook:Mpoto Mpoto (Yam Pottage)

Mpoto mpoto is a Ghanaian dish made from cocoyam or yam. It is also known as yam pottage. It is made from several ingredients including fish and onion.

Ingredients

 * Cocoyam or yam
 * Medium-sized onion
 * Tomatoes
 * Fresh pepper
 * Dried herring (optional), rinsed
 * Fish
 * Palm oil
 * Salt

Equipment

 * Pot
 * Stove
 * Knife
 * Wooden spoon
 * Plate
 * Bowl

Procedure

 * 1) Peel and wash the cocoyam or yam, then cut into small chunks.
 * 2) Place yam in a pot with the onion, tomatoes, and pepper. Cover with water and boil for 25–35 minutes.
 * 3) Add dried herring and fish to the pot. Cook until tender.
 * 4) Remove the cooked tomatoes, pepper, and onions. Grind to a paste.
 * 5) Stir the tomato-pepper paste back into the cooked yam, and cook for a few minutes.
 * 6) Add palm oil and salt to taste. Reduce heat, and cook for a little while, stirring intermittently.

title: Cookbook:Mpoto Mpoto (Yam Pottage)


text:
Problems In High School Chemistry/Inchem/reactions/decomposition

Decomposition is the breaking down a compound back into its components (elements). A form of decomposition is electrolysis, a method of decomposition through adding electricity. When new energy (in the form of electricity) is added to the molecules they become unstable again and start vibrating. After vibrating enough, the element with the higher electron affinity takes the remaining electrons to remain stable, and the other atoms become unstable


text:
Cookbook:Gochujang (imitation)

This recipe is a non-traditional chili paste meant to replace gochujang when none is available.

Ingredients

 * 1 teaspoon soy sauce
 * ½–1 teaspoon salt
 * 1 teaspoon sugar
 * 2 teaspoons vinegar
 * 1 teaspoon red chile powder
 * 2 teaspoons chopped green onion
 * 1 teaspoon sesame salt

Procedure

 * 1) Mix ingredients together thoroughly.
 * 2) Refrigerate any leftover portions.

title: Cookbook:Gochujang (imitation)


text:
User:BEANS X2/vector.css

.mw-content-container { max-width: 63em; }

title: User:BEANS X2/vector.css


text:
User:BEANS X2/EditCounterOptIn.js

// Opt-in for "sensitive" statistics on XTools // See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/XTools/Edit_Counter#restricted_stats

title: User:BEANS X2/EditCounterOptIn.js


text:
User:BEANS X2

Two lots of beans

Hi, I'm Beans X2. My home wiki is the English Wikipedia (see my enwiki user page), and most of my work over here is contributing to the Minecraft resource gathering book.

Feel free to post on my talk page if you want to discuss any of my edits. I'll try to check it often.

Interesting books

 * Minecraft resource gathering
 * How To Assemble A Desktop PC
 * GCSE Computer Science
 * A-level Computing/AQA
 * Shelf:Web development
 * How Wikipedia Works
 * Bash Shell Scripting
 * Chess

Hilariously outdated books

 * JavaScript

Computer Hardware
"Some of the new processors made by Intel and AMD are Dual core [...] but the increased performance is only visible with multithreaded applications and heavy multitasking."

Sources for Minecraft information

 * In-game testing (of course)
 * Minecraft.net snapshot blog posts
 * Decompiled code
 * https://github.com/misode/mcmeta - Processed contents of the vanilla data/resource pack, and reports from Minecaft's data generator

Could be useful

 * https://github.com/PrismarineJS/minecraft-data - Mostly-automated data repository from PrismarineJS
 * https://github.com/JoakimThorsen/MCPropertyEncyclopedia - Partially-automated block/item property dataset
 * https://github.com/feather-rs/feather/tree/main/libcraft - Minecraft utility library written in Rust

title: User:BEANS X2


text:
Circuit Idea/How to Visualize Voltages in Circuits

voltage diagrams - current loops - IV curves - stage

Need to Visualize Voltages in Circuits
Voltages, like all electrical quantities, are invisible. To show them, we have somehow to visualize their value and polarity (in circuit theory, voltage polarities are considered unimportant and are represented by arbitrary signs).

The Idea
For the purposes of intuitive understanding, we can represent local voltages in circuits by vertical segments (voltage bars) whose length (height) is proportional to the voltage magnitude. This notion of voltage comes from the well-known water tower hydraulic analogy - a water column with a height proportional to the pressure (the higher the column, the greater the pressure).

Implementation
These bars can represent both single-ended voltages (with respect to the negative rail, ground or positive rail of the power supply) and "floating" voltages. Thus, some of them are firmly "tied" to ground or supply rails, while others are "floating". The relation between the voltage magnitude and the bar length is given by a scale factor with dimension [V/cm].

We can develop various voltage bars (with polarity signs, arrows, etc.) The zero voltage level (of ground) and other typical levels (of supply rails) can be marked by horizontal dotted lines. Positive voltages can be represented by bars drawn above the zero level and negative voltages - by bars below it. The sum of bars representing voltage drops is equal to the supply-voltage bar, which simply represents KVL in a geometric form.

It is preferable to color the voltage bars in red to easily distinguish them from circuit diagrams drawn in black (the red color makes an association with pressure). Also, 3-D voltage pictures can be made, where the circuit diagram is axonometrically drawn and the voltage bars are placed perpendicular to it.

Sophisticated Voltage Pictures
We can create more sophisticated voltage pictures by means of grapnic editors like Corel Draw. Here is, for example, the circuit of a differential transistor amplifier ("long-tailed pair") adorned with voltage bars:

"Live" voltages
We can even make animated circuit tutorials (for example, with Flash animator) with "living"voltage bars that change their height proportionally to the voltage magnitude (you need Ruffle Flash emulator to see Flash movies because Adobe Flash player is no longer supported):

Content is More Important than Form
Of course, content is more important than form... and we can draw circuit diagrams with superimposed voltage pictures even by hand. Here is an attractive "geometrical" representation of the op-amp current-to-voltage converter aka "transimpedance amplifier" drawn by color fiber pens on a white sheet of paper.

Another example of a hand-drawn voltage picture is an ECL gate.

We can impose the voltage picture even on a circuit diagram drawn on the blackboard:

In Circuit Simulation Software
An interesting application of this way of visualizing voltages inside circuits could be in more intuitive circuit simulators (like Falstad) as an attractive form of displaying simulation results.

Voltage Bars vs Voltage Oscillograms
What do voltage bars actually represent? It is a like of a "frozen picture", sort of like an image on the oscilloscope screen without a horizontal sweep. The question arises, "Wouldn't it be better to display oscillograms of the voltages at the points being controlled rather than bars?"

The advantage of bars is that voltages can be easily compared. The bars can be superimposed in height (summed) so that, according to KVL, in a closed loop the sum of all the bars is equal to the largest bar - the applied supply voltage. If they are oscillograms, moments of time must be added because the oscillogram shows within a period the instantaneous values at each point in time. Visualizing with oscillograms has the advantage that only one circuit is needed, whereas here more circuits have to be drawn for different typical voltage values... but the relationships between the voltages are clearly visible. For a comparison, voltage bars are like snapshots (static frames) of individual moments of the circuit operation, whereas the oscillograms are like movies that have all the frames.

What is the benefit of representing voltages by such bars? It gives a very good general idea of circuit operation. A glance at such a circuit with a voltage picture superimposed gives an idea of voltage magnitudes at circuit points. This is an advantage over the numerical representation, which is accurate but abstract.

Helping the Online Learning
ZOOM has a unique feature named "annotation tool" - a pen that can be used to draw on existing web circuit diagrams. It turns out this simple feature can serve as a very powerful didactic technique. See, for example, such a snapshot of the ZOOM whiteborad (really, the picture is not so beautiful... but attractive:-)

We can even draw voltage bars on a picture of a real laboratory setup.


text:
Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in street photography

Street photography is a genre of photographic art, where uses random events, incidents, scenes from life, etc. as its subject matter. Contrary to the first word contained in the name of genre, not only the street, but also any public places can serve as a space for action.

General information
This genre is a relatively new concept in photography. Its essence lies in the fact that the photographer, having found himself (more often involuntarily) in the right place at the right time, like a cowboy from American Western, deftly takes the camera out of "holster" to capture a scene which might not be there a second later. Usually there are people in the frame, but sometimes it happens that their presence is only implied (see photo 2 in the gallery).

Street photography is documentary in its essence and content, and designed to reflect the reality that surrounds us, but some authors artificially create scenes of events, inviting posing participants in order to later pass off the image as a random shot. Such actions are rather the exception to the rule.

Ways of implementation
Of course, it is not easy to go out every morning to "photohunt", hoping to see an interesting street scene: unsuccessful "outings" can last for weeks and months. Therefore, following the example of the author, become travelers: wandering around the cities and villages of the globe, sooner or later you will witness an interesting episode from the life of the natives of a particular country; all that remains is to quickly point the camera lens at what you sees and sharply press the shutter button. As an example, look the photoworks in gallery: they were shot by accident in different countries.

But if you are alarmed of the costs and difficulties that are inevitable in the life of a traveler — this is not your genre — test yourself, for example, in landscape photography.

Gallery
Photos taken by the author of article on a Papuan expedition


text:
Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in photoart

Photoart is a type of fine art that combines photography and computer graphics.

General information
Photomontage was used at the end of the last century and even earlier, but with the development of computer technology, creative people got unlimited opportunities for realize fantasies.

The photo collages created by the authors of past years have been left far behind, they have been replaced by works of art that are distinguished by a significant processing of the source material, visual effects and a higher artistic level. Sometimes the creations of masters of photoart imitate painting, but the result always based on photography, only in our time, digital has replaced analog image.

If the theme of works has fantasy, fabulous, mystical shades, — photoart intersects with other genres and directions.

Ways of implementation
The first and necessary condition is that you, a novice photographer, must have some degree of imagination. The source images can be created on purpose — for the realization of a particular idea or a series of works united by a conceptual idea, or, if you have a stock of ready-made photographs, you can use something from them as raw material.

A positive effect can be achieved by combining two or three source files into one, followed by processing by filters of graphics editors. It is difficult to predict the result, you need improvisation.

To begin with, you can practice creating relatively simple images, examples of which are illustrated in this tutorial article.


text:
User talk:Pikawil

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Pikawil!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started.

  Getting help
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.

  Made a mistake?
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.

  Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

(Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

Thanks for your contributions! 20:20, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pikawil


text:
User:Quensley

Getting enough water every day is important for your health. Drinking water can prevent dehydration, a condition that can cause unclear thinking, result in mood change, cause your body to overheat, and lead to constipation and kidney stones.

title: User:Quensley


text:
Circuit Idea/How to Visualize Voltages inside Resistors

voltage bars - current loops - IV curves - stage

Need to visualize voltage distribution
Once visualized the voltages of the internal circuit points, we can go even further and "enter" inside resistors to visualize the voltages along their resistive film. This will allow us to see some interesting points (for example, the famous virtual ground), the operation of well-known electrical devices (potentiometer, resistive summer) and electronic circuits (inverting, non-inverting, differential and instrumentation amplifiers).

The Idea
We can assume it originated sometime in the early 90s. See, for example, how this idea was sketched on a sheet of yellowed paper:

Here, for the purposes of intuitive understanding, the local voltages inside resistors are representd by a set of vertical segments whose length (height) is proportional to the local voltage magnitude (we can name it voltage diagram). This intuitive notion of voltage came from a hydraulic analogy (a garden hose with evenly drilled holes) which can be seen in old Electrical Engineering textbooks.

Implementation
It is more convenient to display only the envelope of the voltage diagram. Thus a triangle is obtained, in which the vertical leg is the voltage V, the horizontal leg is the resistance R, and the angle between the hypotenuse and the horizontal leg represents the current I (another geometric representation of Ohm's law, see the Flash picture below). It is convenient to color voltage diagrams in red (an association with pressure) to easily distinguish them from schematics drawn in black.

Sophisticated Voltage Diagrams
We can create more sophisticated voltage pictures by means of grapnic editors like Corel Draw. See, for example, the circuit of a voltage divider with constant input voltage VREF (applied from the left)...

... and of a voltage divider with varying (from the right) input voltage Vin2:

"Live" Voltage Diagrams
We can even make animated circuit tutorials (for example, with Flash animator) with "live"voltage diagrams that were changing proportionally to the voltage magnitude (you need Ruffle Flash emulator to see Flash movies because Adobe Flash player is no longer supported):

"Really Live" Voltage Diagrams
We can make even "really live" voltage diagrams that use actually measured voltages at several base points in the circuit. For this purpose, we can use some data acquisition system (see the Circuit Idea story about Ohm's experiment):

In this attractive experiment, a linear potentiometer is supplied by two DACs and the voltages of its three terminals (E1 of the left end, E2 of the right end and E3 of the wiper) are measured by three ADC inputs. The other points of the voltage diagram are calculated. Also, conventional voltmeters are connected.

When E1 and E2 have opposite polarities, the famous virtual ground appears.

Content is More Important than Form
But, as in the case of current loops and voltage bars, we can finally come to the conclusion that content is more important than form... and we can draw circuit diagrams with superimposed voltage diagrams even by hand. A typical example is the Wikibooks story about Ohm's experiment mentioned above, where the voltage diagrams are drawn by color fiber pens on a white sheets of paper. Here is an example of a voltage divider with constant input voltage V...

... and of a resistor summer with oppositely varying input voltages Vin1 and Vin2 (an illustration of an op-amp inverting amplifier):

Helping the Online Learning
As in the stories about current loops and voltage bars, in online learning, we can use the ZOOM pen to draw on existing web circuit diagrams. This is a very powerful didactic technique that we can improve for the purposes of visualizing voltage distributions. Here is a snapshot of such a picture drawn on the ZOOM whiteboard (really, the picture is not so beautiful... but attractive:-)

In the snapshot below, the Ohm's triangle is drawn on the resistive wire (the vertical leg is the voltage V, the horizontal leg is the resistance R, and the angle between the hypotenuse and the horizontal leg represents the current I):

Voltage diagrams vs voltage bars
What do voltage diagrams actually represent compared with voltage bars? The voltage diagram is a further development of the voltage bar representation. Voltage bars are a one-dimensional way of representing voltages while the voltage diagram is a two-dimensional way. The voltage diagram is a set of voltage bars.

The voltage diagram is based on a linearly distributed resistance along the length of the resistor. In most cases this representation is artificial, because ordinary resistors in electronic circuits are discrete; but it allows to illustrate the circuit operation with voltage diagram. In many cases, quantitative parameters (transfer ratios, etc.) can be directly seen.

Voltage diagrams vs oscillograms
What is the difference between a voltage diagram and voltage oscillogram at a given point in the diagram? The difference is significant, they have nothing in common. The voltage diagram shows voltage distribution along a resistance film, ie what local voltages inside a resistor are. The resistor is considered not as a "point" (without dimensions) but as a "line" (at each point of this line, in a certain step, a section perpendicular to the line is drawn, with a height proportional to the voltage at this point).

An oscillogram is a set of points that represent voltages (by a vertical displacement) at successive points in time through. So, the particular segments of a voltage diagram represent the voltages at particular points of the resistive layer at the same time while the oscillogram shows the voltages at one point but at different points in time.


text:
User:Somasaha1974

কবিতা--- অধম আমি কলমে-- সাহা শোমী --- মা গো মা শুনছি নাকি আজকে শুধু তোমারই দিন! বলছে সবাই মাতৃদিবস। আজকে কি মা তোমার পুজো? আজ বুঝি মা,তোমার তবে কাজের ছুটি? বিনা শ্রমেই তোমার জন্য ভোগ সাজাবে? শুধু কি মা দিনেই হবে? রাতে কি তবে, আবার তুমি রোজের মতোই মানুষ সেজে আমায় তুমি রেধে বেড়ে ঘুম পাড়াবে? আজ বুঝি মা তোমার খুব যত্ন হবে? মণ্ডা-মিঠাই, ফল-পাকুড়ে ভরবে থালা? দিবস শেষে রাতের বেলা, সব পুজোর ই মতো মোরা, সরিয়ে নেবো ভর্তি থালা? সে সব দিয়েই ভরবো মোদের পেটের জালা! আর তুমি আবার মানুষ বেশে তুলবে মুখে, এঁটো পাতের নাড়া- ফেলা? কি মা তুমি? তাতেও তোমার নেই অরুচি? নেই যে কোন ই অভিযোগ? সত্যি মাগো,তুমিই পারো,দু হাতের দুগ্গা হতে। এসব সওয়া, নয় যে মা সাধ্য কারো। কিন্তু মা ,আমার যে একদিবসে মন ভরেনা। তোমায় আমি দিন-রাত্তির পুজছি মনে, আসন পেতে মনের মাঝে,তার কি হবে? নেইযে সেথায় ফল পাকুড়ের কোনো আয়োজন! নুন-লঙ্কা,সবজি ভাতের নিমিত্তমাত্র ব্যঞ্জন। আনবো আমি, রাঁধবে তুমিই, অন্নপূর্ণার অমৃত রন্ধন, তৃপ্তি ভরে খাবো দুজন। তারপরে মা স্বর্গ-সুখে , তোমার কোলো ঘুমিয়ে যাবো। অধম আমি,তুমি মাগো এ জনমে ক্ষ্যাপা ভেবেই ক্ষমা করো।

তারিখ---১০/০৫/২০২০ © স্বত্ব সঃরক্ষিত

title: User:Somasaha1974


text:
Talk:Stardew Valley/Characters

the factualness of this page
this statement is true. 198.48.244.78 (discuss) 17:44, 9 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree. 198.48.244.78 (discuss) 17:44, 9 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stardew Valley/Characters


text:
No Man's Sky

No Man's Sky is a vast, procedurally generated game where you try to make it to the center of the galaxy. However, that is not all you can do. And you shouldn't rush through to the galaxy's center. Doing so means you could miss a lot of surprises along the way.

Table of contents

 * Guides
 * /Crash course/
 * /Base Building/
 * Money-making guides
 * /Wanted levels/
 * /Getting the best gear/
 * Big ships
 * /Anomaly/
 * /Freighter/
 * Rare sights
 * /Glitched Planets/

title: No Man's Sky


text:
Circuit Idea/How to Visualize Currents in Circuits

voltage bars - voltage diagrams - IV curves - stage

Need to Visualize Currents in Circuits
One of the most important techniques to understand circuits is to see where currents flow inside them (in circuit theory, this is considered unimportant and, at best, currents are represented by small arrows with arbitrary direction).

The problem is that currents, like other electrical quantities, are invisible... and to show them, we have to visualize their paths, directions and magnitudes.

The Idea
For the purposes of intuitive understanding, we can represent current paths on circuit diagrams through closed directed lines (loops):

This visualization technique is based on the water analogy (see, for example, the popular "fish tank" analogy below).

This technique has been known for a long time. Here is, for example, how it is applied in the circuit diagram of an op-amp inverting amplifier taken from an old student manual:

Another Electrical "Law"
Seeing this representation, we can realize how important is to draw power supplies because currents start from the positive terminal of the power supply and return at its negative terminal; thus each current returns to where it started. We can consider this observation as a kind of "topological electrical law".

Sophisticated Voltage Diagrams
We can take advantage of advanced graphic editors like Corel Draw to show more sophisticated current pictures where current paths arre colored in green (in association with water flow). See, for example, the circuit of an AC transistor amplifier adorned with various current loops:

Actually, two current pictures are superimposed on the circuit - the one in blue (when the input voltage is positive), and the other in green (when the input voltage is negative).

"Live" currents
We can even make animated circuit tutorials (for example, with Flash animator) with "living"currents that change their thickness proportionally to the current magnitude (you need Ruffle Flash emulator to see Flash movies because Adobe Flash player is no longer supported). Here is a screenshot of such a movie:

Content is More Important than Form
If we agree that content is more important than form, we can draw circuit diagrams with superimposed current pictures even by hand. Here is such a "geometrical" representation of an ECL gate:

Helping the online learning
In online learning, we can use the ZOOM pen (annotation tool) to draw currents on various circuit diagrams. This seems to be a very powerful didactic technique. You can see how this happened during an exercise on Semiconductor Devices with students in the record below. The story is written by a teacher in the first person singular.

Teacher's story
At the beginning of the video, we started discussing the circuit diagram for "static" diode measurement. For this purpose, I put an old picture drawn on the blackboard in 2015… and we began discussing why a resistor was needed... and what would happen if it was not there. It took us almost 7 minutes during which we were looking at all kinds of resources on the web...

Then it was time to "implement" our conceptual design on a solderless prototyping board. I again used a photo (attached below) of the "good old real learning", in which the power supply and meters were outside the picture. It occurred to me to ask the students where and what measuring devices are… and then a "brilliant" idea came to me to draw the current path over the picture accompanying it with explanations.

I guess you will be interested to see how I did it; that is why I translated the video above in the interval from 6:30 min to 16:00 min:

6:30 min: … So, this is the circuit - a voltage source, resistor and diode in series. Let's now see how this circuit was made on the prototype board by your colleagues years ago:

Some elements are not seen here as a kind of mystery and this allows me to ask you about them. For example, what are these two black wires at the bottom of the board? Or what are these pairs of black and red wires on the left and right? Where is the studied circuit? This is what your colleagues have done... They tested... what? Apparently they tested an LED... and to limit the current through it, they included a resistor… And the interesting thing now is to see where the current flows…

OK, let me ask again, "Does anyone understand what these two wires are - black and red, on the right?

Student: "These are the probes of a meter...and the black wires below are of the power supply…”. Exactly! These on the right are hand-made probes of a meter. As you can see, they have sharp tips and are inserted directly into the holes of the board. So this is one meter and this is the other meter. Now it remains to specify what each of the meters is.

Student: "I guess the one on the right is an ammeter because it's connected in series." Exactly! Let's see who said this wisdom. Let everyone turn on their cameras...

Student: "Yes." Exactly; the right is the ammeter and the left is obviously the voltmeter because it is connected in parallel to the LED. So, what we are going to do now is to outline the trajectory of the current... I propose to color it green (an association with water flow). We said that a current can travel on very complicated roads, but in the end it returns to where it started (each current returns to where it came from). If you don't know, this is the third electrical law formulated after Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws (of course, this was only a humor:-) Note this is a “topological” law.

9:30 min: Let's see this in practice now. Look again at the black wires at the bottom of the board. They are thinner and one of them is wrapped in red tape.

Student: "This should be the voltage source with its two terminals - "plus" and "minus"... the red one is the "plus"". Exactly! This is the power supply... the "adapter", as they say… I marked it with this red tape to mean it is "+". Now I will draw it with the Zoom pen as simple as a battery.

And how to draw (conceptually) the ammeter? What is inside its two probes? Short circuit, this is the ammeter… And what about the voltmeter? There is nothing between its red and black probes, open circuit. So, this is the circuit…

11:00 min: Now let's just mark the polarity of the 12 V voltage source (power supply) with "+" and "-" in red… and we are ready. We are the current (in green) and we start moving from the positive terminal of the source towards its negative terminal. Who will take part? You just have to guide me... I am like a little car and you have to tell me where to go. So, I start from "+" on the right black wire (marked in red) and reach the board. Where should I keep moving? I ask to find out if you know how the connections on the board are.

Student: "Towards the resistor ..." Good! So all these contact holes are connected to each other like one (positive) rail... and I travel on it. I get to the resistor and what do I do? I go up to its right lead... enter the resistor... go out of its left lead... go down… and step on the junction of 5 holes on the board. I come to the red cable and what to do now? Where to go - left, straight... or somewhere else? Let me remind you that this on the right was an ammeter which was a short circuit.

Hmmm... a very fun and instructive "game" this is. This is how things are understood - not through dry formulas and definitions... not through "reading" lectures and performing boring exercises like "do this and that"...

12:55 min: Student: "So the current should go through the ammeter?" Very well, so I am the current... and what am I going to do? I will get on (Student: "on the red cable")... That is right; I am a clever being and I choose the smallest obstacle (as a student who wants to pass the exam :-) So I am going to travel along the red cable... I go into the ammeter... then go inside through its shunt which has almost zero resistance (a piece of wire when it is in the 10 A range)... and I go out through its black cable. I get off the board... move on the junction... reach the red cable ... and what do I do now? Am I getting on the red cable?

Student: “Yes…” Think about it…

Another student: "The current is branching...and on the red cable..."

13:50 min: Think again ... Here on the left is a voltmeter; let's draw it - this is its black cable and this is the red one. But what was a voltmeter? How did we explain it to our hypothetical students last time? Is current flowing through it? Does it make a current path? Or just the opposite?

Students: “No… no…” It has infinitely high resistance, which, in simple human language, means that there is nothing here... nothing… open circuit… So the current can't go through "nothing"... and then, where does it go? Where does it find a path to go?

15:00 min: Student: Through the LED?" Exactly! Who said it to put it on the list? So it goes up through the right LED end... goes inside... through the PN junction and makes it glow... goes down through the right LED end on the board... moves along the negative rail (not towards the black voltmeter cable)... and finally goes back on the black cable to the negative terminal of the power supply… The current returned to where it started...

16:00 min: This was the full path of the current drawn on the picture of a real circuit. It is not beautiful... we are interpreting it at the moment... but the important thing is that we understand it...

Then, until 23:30 min, we investigated another "current excursion" where we saw how the current branches when meeting a current divider.


text:
No Man's Sky/Crash course

In a huge game like No Man's Sky, many things can happen, mostly unexpectedly. This guide will make sure you can keep on going, no matter what. Choose a scenario below for tips how to prepare for it.

 * /Stranded on a planet with no fuel/
 * /Limited resources on a dangerous planet/
 * /Death/

title: No Man's Sky/Crash course


text: Category:Book:No Man's Sky

title: Category:Book:No Man's Sky


text:
Telugu/Sentence

To understand sentence formation, the various parts of a sentence must be understood. A sentence can consist of 4 elements(though it is possible to create sentences with fewer elements); these include a subject, a verb, an object, and an indirect object. A verb is any word that talks about an action(such as "to run"), an occurrence(such as "to happen"), or existence(such as "to be"). A subject is simply the person or thing that is doing the verb. A direct object who or what receives the action. Finally, an indirect object is the person or thing that receives the direct object. For example, take the sentence "Bob threw the ball to Valery". The verb is "to throw" as this is the action that is performed in the sentence. Bob is the subject of the sentence as he is the one doing the throwing. The ball is the direct object as it is what is being thrown. Valery is the indirect object as she is the one receiving the ball.

In Telugu, the sentence structure is very free and there are not many rules about it. However, the most common sentence structure is Subject-Object-Verb(SOV), as opposed to English's sentence structure which is Subject-Verb-Object(SVO)

An example of the SOV sentence structure is "Vāḍu(He, Subject) nannu(Me, Object) koṭṭāḍu(hit, Verb)"(వాడు నన్ను కొట్టాడు). In English with a SVO order, this would be "He hit me".

Keep in mind, while Telugu is most commonly written and spoken with a SOV order, other orders are used and are grammatically correct. Sentence structure is not nearly as important in Telugu as it is in English; the information that English conveys through sentence structure is conveyed through suffixes(explained further in noun and verb sections), thus sentence structure simply adds emphasis, rather than a different meaning.

Also, keep in mind, that Telugu is a pro-drop language, this means that the subject can be left out as the ending of a verb can state who the subject is. This means that a verb can constitute an entire language

Despite this, there are certain rules that must always be abided to in Telugu in regards to word order. These include:

 * Adjectives and participles must always come before the noun they describe
 * Nouns that possess something must come before the noun that they possess.
 * Post-positions must always come after what they modify
 * Adverbs must come before the verb or adjective they describe.

title: Telugu/Sentence


text:
No Man's Sky/Crash course/Stranded on a planet with no fuel

 * The starter tutorial guides you through this, this guide assumes you have already escaped the first planet.

So you're on a planet with no fuel in your ship. First, you need to see how long you can last out there. If you have less than 5 minutes, make sure to apply any upgrades that will help you out in this situation. Otherwise, use your scanner to search for nearby elements. To make fuel, you need:
 * 50 di-hydrogen (use your multitool to break blue crystals)

Then you should get some ferrite, which you can get be mining rocks with your multitool. You need at least 40.

After that, craft a metal panel, and either refine the hydrogen in a portable refiner (preferred) or craft the hydrogen into hydrogen jelly. With the metal panel and hydrogen jelly, create rocket thruster fuel. Now you can equip this onto your ship's thrusters to leave the planet.

To refuel you hazard protection, you may need to gather a supply of sodium (so), or run to your ship when it gets low.


text:
No Man's Sky/Crash course/Limited resources on a dangerous planet

 * This guide assumes you do not want to escape the planet. If you want to escape it, see ../Stranded on a planet with no fuel/.

Of course, your top priorities are:
 * Oxygen (o) to refuel life support.
 * Sodium (na) to refuel hazard protection.
 * Carbon (c) (obtained from plant life) to fuel refiners and your multitool.
 * Copper, cadmium, and other chromatic ores (requires terrain manipulator) to refine to chromatic metal, which has many uses, but you need it to set up a permanent base.
 * To find copper or cadmium or other chromatic metals, open your scanner and look at every white symbol. Tag the one that says "copper deposit", "cadmium deposit", etc. Then make your way to the tagged deposit.
 * Chromatic metals are (in order from least valuable to most valuable): copper, cadmium, emril, indium.


text:
Telugu/Pronoun

Introduction
A pronoun is simply a word that allows the speaker/writer to refer to a noun(a word that gives a name to a person, place, thing, or concept) without specifically naming it. Examples of pronouns in English include: my, that, you, them, he, themselves, etc. In Telugu, pronouns have five characteristics: gender, number, case, person, and proximity. Gender, number and case are explored more in depth in the noun section. However, here is a brief summary.

 * Gender is different in singular and plural
 * In singular, the two genders are masculine(male humans, gods, and personifications) and non-masculine(all other nouns)
 * In plural, the two genders are human and non-human
 * Number refers to how many of a noun there is, this can be singular(only one), or plural(more than one)
 * The suffix "-lu" can be added to the end of a singular noun to make it plural. Example: "Kukka"(కుక్క), or "dog", can be made plural by adding "-lu" to make Kukkalu(కుక్కలు), or dogs
 * Case tells the role of the noun in the sentence. It is shown by a suffix added at the end of a noun(after the plural marker, "-lu", if the noun is plural).
 * There are 8 cases

The characteristic of person, is unique to pronouns. They are 3 persons. These are 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person. 1st person refers to the person or group of people that are speaking(words such as "I" or "we"). 2nd person refers to the person or group of people that are being talked to(words such as "thou" or "you"). 3rd person refers to any pronoun that is not in the 1st or 2nd person(such as he, she, it, they).

The 1st/2nd person pronouns are explained separately as they do not have as complicated of a respect system and lack a proximity system, the third person pronoun respect system must be explained separately.

First and Second Person Pronouns
The following are the first and second person pronouns for the nominative(when the noun is a subject) case: * The pronoun Mēmu(మేము) is exclusive, meaning it excludes the person or group of people that are being talked to(We, but not you). The pronoun Manaṁ(మనం) is inclusive, meaning it includes the person or group of people that are being talked to(We and you).

†When used in the singular, Mīru(మీరు) is considered more formal and is used to address elders, people in a position of power, or with strangers. Nuvvu(నువ్వు) is considered more informal and is used to address people of the same age group, younger people, and people whom one is familiar/close with.

The following are the first and second person pronouns for the accusative(when the noun is a direct object) case: The same respect system for 2nd person singular pronouns is used in the accusative.

Also, note that the 1st person plural does not differentiate between inclusive and exclusive in the accusative

The following are the first person and second person possessive pronouns: The same respect system for 2nd person singular pronouns is used in the possessive.

The 1st person plural differentiates between inclusive and exclusive in the possessive.

The words mine, ours, thine, and yours can be created by adding the suffix "-di"(ది) when referring to a singular noun("Nādi"(నాది) can be understood as "my thing"), and the suffix -vi(వి) when referring to a plural noun(Nāvi(నావి) can be understood as my things).

The other cases for the first and second person pronouns can be created by adding the case suffixes(explained in the noun section) to the possessive form of the pronoun, when it is used like this it is called an "oblique stem". For example, to say "with me", the first person oblique stem "Nā"(నా) would be added with the suffix "-thoti"(కు) to create the word "Nātōṭi"(నాతోటి).

Also, keep in mind that while for other nouns the suffixes "-ku"(కు) and "-ki"(కి) are interchangeable to mean "to" or "for", the first and second person oblique stems(excluding "Mana"(మన)) can only use "-ku"(కు). For example, "Māku"(మాకు) is correct, but "Māki"(మాకి) is incorrect.

Third Person Pronouns
The following are the third person pronouns for the nominative case: Close proximity pronouns are in bold, far proximity pronouns in italics

The proximity characteristic of Telugu pronouns has no direct translation to English. However, close proximity can be understood as "this/these", and far proximity can be understood as "that/those". In close proximity, the pronoun has an "i"(ఈ) sound, whereas the far proximity uses the "a"(ఆ) sound. These come from the Telugu words for this(Ī(ఈ)) and that(Ā(ఆ)).

Also, note that the neutral gender term Vāru(వారు)/vīru(వీరూ) is the highest respect term for both genders.

title: Telugu/Pronoun


text:
Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Food

 * Depending on context, 飯 can have a different meaning. 一碗飯 means a bowl of rice.

title: Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Food


text: Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Animals

title: Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Animals


text:
No Man's Sky/Base Building

Building a base is one of the most important things you can do in this game. When you get to the part where you can build a house, consider using your salvaged data on the material type you want the most. Timber looks out of place on a volcanic planet, after all.

The layout
Your base should be simple to navigate with few detached buildings. Multiple doors makes it easier to enter in an emergency. Consider having multiple levels stacked atop each other.

Having each device in your base have its own room gives more space to add decorations.

Devices
Having interior lighting will make it much easier to see at night, while medium and large refiners allow making more complex elements. Storage devices are also indispensable as you will likely have items you do not want to sell or destroy, but you have no inventory space.

Most of the above require power to run. When you first start, you get the blueprint for a biopower generator. You should also get solar panels as well, but they only generate power at day, so you should get a battery to store the surplus power, too.

After you have a way to get power, you need to attach wires from your power generator(s) and battery to other devices needing the power. Tip: align wires to walls, floors, and ceilings to keep everything clean. Then either fuel the generators, or in the case of a solar panel, wait for day to come.

Advanced decorations and nice things
A landing pad will allow you to set where your ship lands, and rotate it to face a certain direction as it lands.

Decals can be made with carbon, and the blueprints are available at the Anomaly. They can have symbols or a number. Certain shapes, like cylinders and wedges, can also be used for decoration.

Decorations
As you buy more building piece blueprints, you unlock new pages of content, most of them decorative. You can only unlock them on the Anomaly though.

Decorations include: containers, outside decorations, tables, chairs, beds, lights, and posters. You can also unlock a large array of farming items.

title: No Man's Sky/Base Building


text:
World History/Samo's Empire

Samo's Empire

Early Medieval West Slavic tribal union

Samo's Empire (also known as Samo's Kingdom or Samo's State) is the historiographical name for the West Slavic tribal union established by King ("Rex") Samo, which existed between 631 and 658 in Central Europe. The centre of the union was most likely in Moravia and Nitravia (Nitra), additionally the union included Czech tribes, Sorbian tribes (under Dervan) and other West Slavic tribes along the river Danube (present Lower Austria). The polity has been called the first Slavic state.

title: World History/Samo's Empire


text:
World History/The World Economy

= World economy = Economy of the world The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans of the world, referring to the global economic system, which includes all economic activities which are conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, economic management, work in general, exchange of financial values and trade of goods and services. In some contexts, the two terms are distinct "international" or "global economy" being measured separately and distinguished from national economies, while the "world economy" is simply an aggregate of the separate countries' measurements. Beyond the minimum standard concerning value in production, use and exchange, the definitions, representations, models and valuations of the world economy vary widely. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of planet Earth.

title: World History/The World Economy


text:
Human names/Clara

The name Clara is a feminine name in the English language. It is derived from the Latin name Clarus, which means "clear, bright, famous." The name Clarus, which is the masculine version of Clara, was borne by many early male Christian saints; the name Clara took off in popularity in the 13th century after Saint Clare of Assisi (called Chiara in Italian), one of the followers of Saint Francis, renounced her privileged background and founded the order of Poor Clares, the cloistered clergy whose members gave up the right to own wealth or property to dedicate their lives to religious service.

Clare was the main English form of the name used in the Middle Ages, but the Latin spelling Clara became more popular starting in the 19th century.

The name "Clara" has been popular in multiple countries since the 19th century. In the United States, it has been in the top 1000 in every year since records began in 1880, and Behind the Name, under the category of "never outside the US top 100", lists it as one of 297 names with this trait. In the United States, its relative peak occurred in 1901, when 2319 girls were given the name, or 0.912% (one in 109) girls that year. The absolute peak occurred in 1918, with 5778 girls given that name that year. In the early years of recordkeeping, Clara was in the top 10 in 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, and 1890. The name Clara declined significantly in popularity for most of the 20th century, but it has resurged steadily in popularity since the 1990s. In 1991, it re-entered the top 500 for the first time since 1972, and in 2009, it re-entered the top 200 for the first time since 1952. For the past 8 years (since 2014), its rank has hovered between 95 and 110 on the list, reaching the top 100 in 2015, 2017, and 2019 (#98, #95, and #95, respectively). In 2021, the name was #102, given to 2675 girls, making 2021 the ninth consecutive year that "Clara" was given to at least 2500 girls.

Famous people

 * Clara Alm (born 1996), Swedish footballer
 * Clara Amfo (born 1984), British broadcaster and presenter
 * Clara Arthur (1858–1929), American suffragist
 * Clara Ayres (1880–1917), American nurse during the First World War
 * (1821–1912), pioneer American teacher, nurse and humanitarian
 * Clara Doty Bates (1838–1895), American author
 * Clara Nettie Bates (1876-1966), American editor, writer, clubwoman
 * Clara Bancroft Beatley (1858-1923), American educator, lecturer, author
 * Clara Beyers (1880–1950), American actress
 * Clara Bindi (born 1927), Italian actress
 * Clara Blandick (1876–1962), American actress
 * Clara Bonde (1806–1899), Swedish courtier and royal favourite
 * Clara Bow (1905–1965), American actress
 * Clara Louise Burnham (1854–1927), American novelist
 * Clara Butt (1872–1936), English contralto
 * Clara Germana Cele, South African woman stated in 1906 to have suffered demonic possession
 * Clara Marguerite Christian (1895–1964), first black woman to study at the University of Edinburgh
 * Clara Chung (born 1987), Korean-American singer/guitarist also known by her stage name, * Clara C
 * Clara Rankin Coblentz (1863-1933), American social reformer
 * Clara Eliot (1896–1976), economist
 * Clara Shortridge Foltz (1849-1934), first female attorney on the Pacific Coast, suffrage leader, founder of the public defender movement
 * Clara Grima (born 1971), Spanish mathematician
 * Clara Haskil (1895–1960), Romanian classical pianist, renowned as an interpreter of the classical and early romantic repertoire
 * Clara H. Hazelrigg (1861–1937), American author, educator and social reformer
 * Clara Horton (1904–1976), American actress
 * Clara Hughes (born 1972), Canadian athlete who has won medals in both the summer and winter Olympics
 * Clara Immerwahr (1870–1915), German chemist, first wife of Fritz Haber
 * Clara Landsberg (1873–1966), American educator
 * Clara Lee (born 1985; real name Lee Sung-min), South Korean actress
 * Clara Lemlich (1886–1982), union organizer, consumer activist, member of the Communist Party
 * Clara Luper (1923–2011), American civil rights leader
 * Clara Maniu (1842–1929), Romanian feminist
 * Clara Morgane (born 1981), French porn star and singer
 * Clara Mulholland (1849–1934), Irish writer
 * Clara Ng (born 1973), Indonesian writer
 * Clara Paget (born 1988), British model and actress
 * Clara Petacci (1912–1945), mistress of Benito Mussolini
 * Clara Rockmore (1911–1998), Lithuanian virtuosa of the theremin
 * Clara Schønfeld (1856–1938), Danish actress
 * Clara Schumann (1819–1896), German pianist, composer
 * Clara Sosa (born 1993), Paraguayan model, television personality and beauty queen
 * Clara Harrison Stranahan (1831–1905), American author, college founder
 * Clara Tott (1440–1520), German singer
 * Clara Augusta Jones Trask (1839–1805), American writer
 * Clara Ursin (1828–1890), Norwegian (originally Danish) stage actress and opera singer
 * Clara Belle Williams (1885–1994), first African-American graduate of New Mexico State University
 * Clara Kimball Young (1890–1960), American actress
 * Clara Zetkin (1857–1933), German Marxist theorist and women's rights activist

Science

 * Club cells, low columnar/cuboidal cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs, were formerly known as Clara cells.
 * Clara is a genus of moths.
 * Clara was a rhinoceros who toured Europe in the 18th century.

title: Human names/Clara


text:
User talk:Delphinah

The youth (mostly teenagers) sometimes finds it hard to open up to their parents about what's troubling them or what's going on in their lives and some of them end up doing bad things like taking drugs or alcohol or even dropout of school/college.

Delphinah mawelele
A young, beautiful, energetic South African girl with big dreams from Johannesburg. 41.116.111.132 (discuss) 17:35, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Delphinah


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. d4/4...exd4/5. O-O/5...Nxe4/6. Nc3

= Nakhmanson Gambit =

6. Nc3?!
An unsound but interesting gambit played by White, never seen at a grandmaster level. It can arise from several openings, although most commonly, the Italian Game and Scotch Gambit.

White invites Black to break open the center by capturing the knight with either the pawn or knight. Willing to lose material, a strong initiative is gained as White gets fast development and weakens Black's king. The gambit aims to take full advantage of the opponent's main weakness: the open e-file with Black's uncastled king and knight. If Black decides to accept the gambit with 6...dxc3, it is critical that they know the correct refuting moves.

Black may answer with:
 * 6...dxc3 accepting the gambit. Objectively, the best move to retain Black's advantage.
 * 6...Nxc3 declining the gambit while keeping some advantage.
 * 6...Nd6 declining the gambit.
 * 6...d5 declining the gambit.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. d4/4...exd4/5. O-O/5...Nxe4/6. Nc3/6...dxc3

= Nakhmanson Gambit =

6... dxc3
This is the starting position of the Nakhmanson Gambit accepted. Black is now up 5 points of material and White must receive some kind of immediate compensation for their knight sacrifice. With their bishop directed right at White's weak f-pawn, they would love to play Qd5, an attack which threatens checkmate while attacking the undefended knight on e4. However, Black has the move 7...Nd6!, fixing both of these problems. Instead White must move their queen with check, leading to the move 7. Bxf7+! first needing to be played.