text: Natural Disasters/Hurricane

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Natural Disasters/Hurricane


text: Category:Book:Yard Welding Fundamentals

title: Category:Book:Yard Welding Fundamentals


text:
Cookbook:Tequila

Tequila is a distilled alcohol made from the heart of the Weber blue agave. It is a variety of mezcal, which is a class of liquors made from agave plants. The name comes from the town of Tequila in Mexico, and the liquor can only be produced in one of five regions of Mexico to be considered tequila.

Production
To make tequila, the leaves of the blue agave are removed to reveal the heart, or piña. The hearts are roasted or steamed to break down the starch prior to fermentation. They are then crushed to yield a juice that is left to ferment for several days. The fermentation yields a product with a relatively low alcohol content (~6%), and this fermented product must be distilled to concentrate the alcohol. The distillate must be aged for at least 14 days, and it may be aged longer depending on the desired final characteristics.

Characteristics
Depending on the specifications of different countries' regulating authorities, tequila generally contains at least around 35-40% alcohol by volume. At least 51% of the fermented sugars must come from the blue agave; lower quality tequilas may supplement the remainder with other sugars such as molasses or corn syrup. Tequila is generally characterized as earthy, although the exact flavor profile will depend on its aging.

Types
The following are the different types of tequila by age:

 * Blanco: Clear liquor aged only to the minimum requirement.
 * Joven or oro: Lightly colored mixture of white and aged tequila
 * Reposado: Aged in oak barrels for at least two months
 * Añejo: Aged in barrels for at least a year
 * Extra añejo: Aged in barrels for at least three years

Uses
Like other hard liquors, tequila may be consumed on its own or as a component of mixed drinks; well-known tequila drinks include the margarita and the tequila sunrise. It is also used in both savory and sweet cooking. It is often paired with lime.

title: Cookbook:Tequila


text:
Cookbook talk:Almond Milk I

Title
Is there anything about this recipe that is specifically Nigerian in origin? It seems similar to homemade almond milk recipes I've seen from other cultures. If there is no objection I will change the name accordingly. -- Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 16:54, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Almond Milk I


text:
Medical Machines/Microtomes

More information pending.

title: Medical Machines/Microtomes


text:
Medical Machines/Oxygen Concentrators

More information pending.

title: Medical Machines/Oxygen Concentrators


text:
How to create gaming video

With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence of user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a "Record" button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

Different sub-genres
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you. Here is the list of sub-genres:
 * Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
 * Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
 * Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
 * Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
 * Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A "First look" is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
 * Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
 * Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
 * Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
 * Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

Commentary
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

What you will need

 * A game, preferably one you like playing

For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.
 * Recording software or a recording device

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. These built in features are often limited in video quality, as well as in recording duration. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.
 * Microphone (for commentary)

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video to make it more appealing to your viewers. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.
 * Video editing software (except for live streams)

You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.
 * Video player (optional)

If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software.
 * Camera setup (optional)

Your camera feed can be enhanced or modified a number of ways. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage, or to permit the use of a virtual background. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use a cartoon or 3D model for reactions, special avatar software can translate your movements captured on camera into a reaction on a virtual avatar.

You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.
 * Image editor (except for live streams)

A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.
 * A streaming service creator account

Video quality
Knowing the basics of video quality will help in deciding how to set up your recording software or device for best results. You might think making every video as high quality as possible would be the way to go, but there are trade-offs. Higher quality video takes longer to upload and process, and streaming services often tailor the quality of video sent to viewers to match their internet capabilities. Given the additional overhead, it doesn't make sense to increase the quality of the recording beyond a certain amount. Televisions and computer monitors are only capable of displaying a certain level of quality. While technology is rapidly improving, there is also a limit to how much information the human eye can perceive and how much information the human brain can process. Some games, especially older games and those which use pixel graphics, don't produce high quality video to start with, and recording at high quality won't add quality that's not in the source.

Frame rate/Frames per second
A "moving" picture is really just a sequence of still pictures shown at such a high speed that the human eye perceives motion. But what speed is necessary to "fool" the human eye? The rate at which the pictures are shown is called the frame rate, and measured in frames per second (FPS). At 5 frames per second, individual pictures are clearly visible and the illusion of motion is lost. But for decades feature films were made at 24 frames per second and most people were satisfied with the result. Hand drawn cartoons often run at lower frame rate in order to save on production cost; if someone has to draw each frame then reducing the frame rate reduces the workload.

For games with photorealistic graphics, a higher frame rate is usually expected, 30 frames per second is standard for computer video. For games with a lot of action and movement, some viewers may see an improvement at 60 frames per second, and some game consoles can create a frame rate of 120 FPS. Some games with hand drawn animation use, in effect, two frame rates. A lower frame rate (as low as 12 FPS) is used to save on drawing, but for background motion, where nothing changes but the position of the object, a higher frame rate is used. For text-based and point-and-click games where there is little of no motion, a lower frame rate can be used. A point-and-click game goes at one frame per click, not multiple frames per second.

There is little point in recording more frames per second than the game actually displays, and it may take some research and experimentation to determine the best frame rate for an individual game.

Resolution/Pixels
Just as a moving picture is really just sequence of still pictures, an image shown on a computer screen is really just array of small dots. So, again, the question arises of how small do the dots have to be before they are no longer recognizable as individual dots and are perceived as a continuously shaded picture. The individual dots are known as pixels and a typical computer screen may show them in a 1920 by 1080 array, and these dimensions define the resolution of the image. In other words the image is composed of a rectangle, 1920 pixels wide and 1080 high. The ratio of these numbers, in this case 1920:1080 = 16:9 or 1.777..., is called the aspect ratio. The 16:9 aspect ratio is the current standard for digital television and video, but the older 5:4 aspect ratio is still seen. At a resolution of 480 by 270, the image will appear noticeably blocky, but some games use this resolution as a deliberate design choice; older video games used low resolution because of limitations on technology, and some games imitate that look, called pixel graphics, to give the game a retro feel. Some gaming consoles can produce higher resolutions, for example 4k or approximately 4000 pixels high.

Another aspect of image quality is color depth, but it's not really necessary to consider that here.

Video compression
Video compression is the method used to amount of information used by a video. At the standard 30 frames per second and 1920 by 1080 resolution (and assuming 3 bytes per pixel color depth), it would take 625 gigabytes to store an hour of video. With compression, it's possible to store the same hour of video in less than 1% of the space with little noticeable loss in quality. It is video compression that makes streaming even possible; no one would stream an hour television show if it took a week to download, and communications infrastructure would quickly become overloaded if many people tried. Video compression uses complex algorithms and sophisticated mathematics to perform its magic, but there is one aspect you should be familiar with if you plan on creating and editing videos:

The difference between two consecutive frames of video is usually very small. This can be used to compress video much more than would otherwise be possible. A typical compression scheme breaks up a video into chunks of a few seconds long, fully records the first frame of each chunk, and only records the differences for the remaining frames. The first frame of each chunk is called a key frame.
 * Key Frames

When editing a video, it's much easier to cut only on the key frame boundaries of the chunks. It's relatively easy to move the chunks around since they are independent, but making changes on a random frame will require that the video be recompressed to allow for the fact that the start of a chunk is no longer there. So it's very preferable to work with whole chunks when editing a video if possible. The alternative is to recompress the video after editing, a lengthy and processor intensive process. More sophisticated editing, such as overlaying text or special effects, will also require a recompression step. If you only plan on doing basic editing, such as trimming the beginning or the end, or that section where you put the game on pause for a few minutes, you need to plan ahead and make the chunks fairly small, around 1 second, to give you some flexibility on where make your cuts. You can do with by setting the key frame interval in your recording software.

Key frames are important for streaming as well. If a viewer is joining your stream, they won't be able to see your video until the next key frame. For this reason, streaming platforms usually insist that your key frame interval be set to at most 2 seconds.

Steps to create a Let's Play
Now let's talk about what goes into to creating a Let's Play, or any recorded game play video. Streaming is somewhat different and will be covered elsewhere.

Preparation

 * 1) Decide on a game and what type of video it will be. If you're doing a Let's Play then it should be a game you think you would like. The idea is that you're sharing the fun of playing with viewers, so if you're playing a game you don't like then no one will enjoy it. If you're doing a first look or a review, then at least pick a game that you might like. For a tutorial, find an issue in a game that other players seem to having trouble with, or which you had trouble with and managed to figure out.
 * 2) Decide on an editing style. This is needed because simple editing requires much less effort and processing power than more complex editing, see the discussion on Key Frames above. A simple editing style requires only a few seconds to process the final edit, but more complex editing make take an hour of intense computation to process an edit. Related to this, try to decide on the overall format of the video. Will it be a single video or a series of videos? Will each video cover a single session of gameplay, or will you be gathering clips from multiple sessions, or will you be splitting a single session into multiple videos? How long will your video(s) be?
 * 3) Optimize you hardware for recording, since some of you computer and GPU settings may affect the quality of your recording. For example we recommend that you set a frame rate limit on your GPU so your game doesn't too much graphics processing power; your recording will require some processing power as well. Limit the framerate to the framerate of your recording since there is no reason to generate frames that won't be seen. In addition, make sure there are no programs running other than the game and the recorder, this to ensure that your game and recorder have all available CPU and memory resources available.
 * 4) Set up your recording software or device to record the game. Video quality settings should be appropriate for the game, but may be limited by the hardware you're using. If possible, save settings customized for each game. It's a good idea to record your settings somewhere such as a spreadsheet. For information on individual recording software and devices, see the following:
 * 5) * /Recording game video using OBS/
 * 6) * (Other recording software and devices to be added.)
 * 7) Run one or more technical tests before starting. This should cover the entire process from recording to editing, to make sure everything runs smoothly and that you get a satisfactory result. It may mean playing the first five minutes of a game multiple times, but the alternative is that you may discover after the fact that your game recording is unusable. Remember to check audio quality and balance as well; can you hear both yourself and the game clearly in the video? This is the time to adjust game volume and your mike's volume.
 * 8) Start the game.

For each video

 * 1) Turn on your recording software or device, check that you have the correct settings for the game you're playing, and make sure it's recording.  The most common, basic, and fatal mistake you can make is to forgot to press the Record button. This not only results in lost effort, but if you're doing a blind Let's Play or a first look video it means you've lost the chance to record your first reaction to what happens in the game. It's much better to prevent this by turning the recording on early and record a minute or two of blank screen which you can edit out.
 * 2) Switch your audio to headphones if necessary. Check audio levels to make sure audio (from both the game and yourself) is being picked up.
 * 3) Depending on how good your memory is, how long since your last episode, and how much of a summary of where you are you like to give, you may want to refresh your memory about where you were and what was going on in your last episode. If it's a difficult game and you've gotten rusty after a long hiatus, then by all means practice your skills before starting again.
 * 4) Double check your recording is on and video and audio are both working, then start playing. If you're doing live commentary then it's customary to introduce yourself at the start of each video, though not everyone does this. Perhaps the must unnatural, not to mention distracting aspect of live commentary is that you're keeping up a running conversation with an imaginary person as you play. You may want to do no commentary or record commentary afterward depending of the type of video and your personal preference. If you're recording commentary afterwards then you may want to use a script, in which case writing a script will have to be part of your process.
 * 5) When you're done with a session, wrap up the commentary (if any) and shut everything down.
 * 6) Your video file will probably have a meaningless name, so rename it to include the name of the game and other relevant information, for example HappyFarmingSimEp5.mkv.
 * 7) Now it's time to edit your video. At the least you should trim the beginning and end of the video, and cut out pauses and other "dead" sections. For example if you just walking or going through a merchant's inventory for a long period of time then you might want to cut most of those sections. Of course how aggressive you are with this kind of thing is up to you. You may be gathering clips from different recordings for certain projects, in which case editing will be more difficult and time consuming. Remember that the video will have to be reprocessed for some edits, including specials effect such as dissolved and wipes, and adding on-screen text. When you're done editing, avoid writing over you're original recording; video files are large and you'll probably want to delete raw footage eventually, but save them for a while in case something goes wrong in the editing process. As long as you have the video open in an editor, you may want to save a few frames to use in thumbnail images. For information on individual video editing tools, see the following:
 * 8) * /Editing game video using Avidemux/
 * 9) * (Other video editing software to be added.)
 * 10) Create a thumbnail image for the video. This can contain various elements such as text, an image from the game, a channel logo, or a picture or drawing of yourself. For information on individual editing tools, see the following:
 * 11) * /Creating a thumbnail using GIMP/
 * 12) * /Creating a thumbnail using Photoshop/
 * 13) * (Other image software to be added.)
 * 14) Upload the finished video. Depending on the video platform you will probably need a video title and a detailed video description. For information on individual video platforms, see the following:
 * 15) * /Uploading a game video to YouTube/
 * 16) * (Other video platforms to be added.)
 * 17) Review the video to make sure everything went as expected.

Depending on how much effort you want to put into it, you can probably expect to spend twice as much time on other activities as you spend actually playing the game. For more complex projects that ratio will go up.

Steps to stream a game video
(To be filled in.)

Related Wikibooks

 * Open Broadcaster Software - A general guide to a popular screen capture software. (Now known as OBS Studio)

title: How to create gaming video


text: Medical Machines/Microscopes

title: Medical Machines/Microscopes


text: Category:Book:How to create gaming video


text:
Financial Math FM/Determinants of Interest Rates

Learning objectives
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.

Learning outcomes
The Candidate will be able to:
 * Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
 * Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
 * Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
 * Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
 * Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
 * Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.

Components related to inflation
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation). Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the ../Time Value of Money chapter.

Components related to risk
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. This behaviour is called default. Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates. So, with annual inflation rate $$j$$, annual default risk premium $$\beta$$, and annual real risk-free rate $$r$$, the annual nominal interest rate $$i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j$$.

If the rates and premium are compounded, the nominal interest rate $$i$$ is calculated by $$e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j$$. In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.

Liquidity premium
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.

The (simplified) role of the U.S. central bank
The discussion here is simplified, since the actual operation of the U.S. central bank is quite complicated, and is out of scope of this book.

First, since banks are required to deposit a certain amount of money to the central bank (because of the reserve requirement), even if some party is unable to fulfill its obligation in a transaction, the central bank can step in and allow the transaction. So, the central bank is essential for the operation of payment system.

Second, the central bank can act as, in the sense that banks can borrow money from the central bank in case of emergency (e.g. many customers withdraw their money, and the reserve in the bank cannot cope with the withdrawal amount). Apart from the central bank, banks can also borrow money from their peers if needed, but the peers may not willing and able to do so, and in this case, banks can still borrow money from the central bank, and that is why it is referred as the lender of.

Third, the U.S. central bank consists of a Board of Governors, regional reserve banks and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). In particular, the FOMC sets (monetary) policy with respect to the central bank's capital market activities. Common tools used by such policy include targeting the, setting and setting the  (this is different from the discount rate in the ../Time Value of Money).

For the reserve requirement, it indicates the minimum amount of reserve that each bank need to maintain.

Effects of monetary policies
When the (targeted) or  increases (decreases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply. With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases) (knowledge of Macroeconomics can help understanding this reasoning).

When the decreases (increases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply. With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases) (knowledge of Macroeconomics can help understanding this reasoning).

Expectation theory
According to, the of short and longer term investments will  according to the  of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment  (more ) attractive, and longer term investments  (less) attractive.

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will (decrease) and that on long-term investment will  (increase).

Liquidity preference theory
According to (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are to interest rate movements than short dated bonds, since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds. Also, it is that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) for the greater of  on longer bonds. It may explain some of the return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.

Market segmentation theory
According to, bonds of terms are attractive to  investors, who choose assets that are similar in to their liabilities. That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms. Also, the of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.

Preferred habitat theory
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term,. and {{colored exercise| We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer. { {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? + increase - decrease
 * type=""}
 * increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? + long-term - short-term }}
 * since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term

Quotation bases
There are different conventional quotation bases for U.S. treasury bills and Canada treasury bills.

Inflation protection
Inflation protection for a loan is to deal with the uncertainty in inflation for the lender of the loan. For inflation protection, the amount repaid by the borrower the actual  over the loan term, through a certain index of inflation (e.g. consumer price index, or CPI).

For this kind of loan, rates (say $$i$$) are specified for the loan. For the adjustment, the rate is multiplied by the inflation rate (say $$j$$) from the beginning to the time at which repayment is made, with reference to the index. As an approximation, the rates after the inflation adjustment $$i'\approx i+j$$, and $$i'=i+j$$ if all rates involved are continuous.

For the loan with inflation protection, some specified rates before the adjustment may be negative, and thus if the inflation rate turns out to be zero, then there is a loss for the lender of loan, which show that there is a cost for inflation protection. However, if the inflation rate is high, then there is a protection against a potential great loss of purchasing power.


text:
Talk:Open Broadcaster Software

Rename?
Since "Open Boradcaster Software" has been renamed to "OBS Studio", should this book also be renamed? Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 04:34, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Open Broadcaster Software


text:
User:L10nM4st3r/sig.css

— L10nM4st3r / ROAR at me!

title: User:L10nM4st3r/sig.css


text:
Talk:MATLAB Programming/Bonus Chapters/MATLAB Easter Eggs

Messy page
Yep, i know in current state, it is bit messy, will tidy up in other chapters first before going back to this page. Cheers! MrAlanKoh (discuss • contribs) 09:50, 1 August 2022 (UTC)


text:
Pokémon/Pokédex/Hisui Index

 * 001 - Rowlet
 * 002 - Dartrix
 * 003 - Decidueye (Hisuian form)
 * 004 - Cyndaquil
 * 005 - Quilava
 * 006 - Typhlosion (Hisuian form)
 * 007 - Oshawott
 * 008 - Dewott
 * 009 - Samurott (Hisuian form)
 * 010 - Bidoof
 * 011 - Bibarel
 * 012 - Starly
 * 013 - Staravia
 * 014 - Staraptor
 * 015 - Shinx
 * 016 - Luxio
 * 017 - Luxray
 * 018 - Wurmple
 * 019 - Silcoon
 * 020 - Beautifly
 * 021 - Cascoon
 * 022 - Dustox
 * 023 - Ponyta
 * 024 - Rapidash
 * 025 - Eevee
 * 026 - Veporeon
 * 027 - Jolteon
 * 028 - Flareon
 * 029 - Espeon
 * 030 - Umbreon
 * 031 - Leafeon
 * 032 - Glaceon
 * 033 - Sylveon
 * 034 - Zubat
 * 035 - Golbat
 * 036 - Crobat
 * 037 - Drifloon
 * 038 - Drifblim
 * 039 - Kricketot
 * 040 - Kricketune
 * 041 - Buizel
 * 042 - Floatzel
 * 043 - Burmy
 * 044 - Wormadam
 * 045 - Mothim
 * 046 - Geodude
 * 047 - Graveler
 * 048 - Golem
 * 049 - Stantler
 * 050 - ???
 * 051 - Munchlax
 * 052 - Snorlax
 * 053 - Paras
 * 054 - Parasect
 * 055 - Pichu
 * 056 - Pikachu
 * 057 - Raichu
 * 058 - Abra
 * 059 - Kadabra
 * 060 - Alakazam
 * 061 - Chimchar
 * 062 - Monferno
 * 063 - Infernape
 * 064 - Buneary
 * 065 - Lopunny
 * 066 - Cherubi
 * 067 - Cherrim
 * 068 - Psyduck
 * 069 - Golduck
 * 070 - Combee
 * 071 - Vespiquen
 * 072 - Scyther
 * 073 - Kleavor
 * 074 - Scizor
 * 075 - Heracross
 * 076 - Mime Jr.
 * 077 - Mr. Mime
 * 078 - Aipom
 * 079 - Ambipom
 * 080 - Magikarp
 * 081 - Gyarados
 * 082 - Shellos
 * 083 - Gastrodon
 * 084 - Qwilfish (Hisuian Form)
 * 085 - Overqwil
 * 086 - Happiny
 * 087 - Chansey
 * 088 - Blissey
 * 089 - Budew
 * 090 - Roselia
 * 091 - Roserade
 * 092 - Carnivine
 * 093 - Petilil
 * 094 - Lilligant
 * 095 - Tangela
 * 096 - Tangrowth
 * 097 - Barboach
 * 098 - Whiscash
 * 099 - Croagunk
 * 100 - Toxicroak
 * 101 - Ralts
 * 102 - Kirlia
 * 103 - Gardevoir
 * 104 - Gallade
 * 105 - Yanma
 * 106 - Yanmega
 * 107 - Hippopotas
 * 108 - Hippowdon
 * 109 - Pachirisu
 * 110 - Stunky
 * 111 - Skuntank
 * 112 - Teddiursa
 * 113 - Ursaring
 * 114 - Ursaluna
 * 115 - Goomy
 * 116 - Sliggoo (Hisuian Form)
 * 117 - Goodra (Hisuian Form)
 * 118 - Onix
 * 119 - Steelix
 * 120 - Rhyhorn
 * 121 - Rhydon
 * 122 - Rhyperior
 * 123 - /Pokédex/
 * 124 - Sudowoodo
 * 125 - Lickitung
 * 126 - Lickylicky
 * 127 - Togepi
 * 128 - Togetic
 * 129 - Togekiss
 * 130 - Turtwig
 * 131 - Grotle
 * 132 - Torterra
 * 133 - Porygon
 * 134 - Porygon2
 * 135 - Porygon-Z
 * 136 - Gastly
 * 137 - Haunter
 * 138 - Gengar
 * 139 - ???
 * 140 - Murkrow
 * 141 - Honchkrow
 * 142 - Unown
 * 143 - Spheal
 * 144 - Sealeo
 * 145 - Walrein
 * 146 - Remoraid
 * 147 - Octillery
 * 148 - Skorupi
 * 149 - Drapion
 * 150 - Growlithe (Hisuian form)
 * 151 - Arcanine (Hisuian form)
 * 152 - Glameow
 * 153 - Purugly
 * 154 - Machop
 * 155 - Machoke
 * 156 - Machamp
 * 157 - Chatot
 * 158 - Duskull
 * 159 - Dusclops
 * 160 - Dusknoir
 * 161 - Piplup
 * 162 - Prinplup
 * 163 - Empoleon
 * 164 - Mantyke
 * 165 - Mantine
 * 166 - Basculin
 * 167 - /Pokédex/
 * 168 - Vulpix
 * 169 - Ninetales
 * 170 - Tentacool
 * 171 - Tentacruel
 * 172 - Finneon
 * 173 - Lumineon
 * 174 - Magby
 * 175 - Magmar
 * 176 - Magmortar
 * 177 - Magnemite
 * 178 - Magneton
 * 179 - Magnezone
 * 180 - Bronzor
 * 181 - Bronzong
 * 182 - Elekid
 * 183 - Electabuzz
 * 184 - Electivire
 * 185 - Gligar
 * 186 - Gliscor
 * 187 - Gible
 * 188 - Gabite
 * 189 - Garchomp
 * 190 - Nosepass
 * 191 - Probopass
 * 192 - Voltorb
 * 193 - Electrode
 * 194 - Rotom
 * 195 - Chingling
 * 196 - Chimecho
 * 197 - Misdreavus
 * 198 - Mismagius
 * 199 - /Pokédex/
 * 200 - Clefairy
 * 201 - Clefable
 * 202 - Sneasel
 * 203 - Sneasler
 * 204 - Weavile
 * 205 - Snorunt
 * 206 - Galalie
 * 207 - Froslass
 * 208 - Cranidos
 * 209 - Rampardos
 * 210 - Shieldon
 * 211 - Bastiodon
 * 212 - Swinub
 * 213 - Piloswine
 * 214 - Mamoswine
 * 215 - Bergmite
 * 216 - Avalugg (Hisuian form)
 * 217 - Snover
 * 218 - Abomasnow
 * 219 - Zoura
 * 220 - Zoroark
 * 221 - Rufflet
 * 222 - Braviary (Hisuian form)
 * 223 - Riolu
 * 224 - Lucario
 * 225 - ???
 * 226 - ???
 * 227 - ???
 * 228 - ???
 * 229 - ???
 * 230 - ???
 * 231 - ???
 * 232 - ???
 * 233 - ???
 * 234 - ???
 * 235 - Dialga
 * 236 - Palkia
 * 237 - ???
 * 238 - ???
 * 239 - ???
 * 240 - ???
 * 241 - Shaymin
 * 242 - Darkrai

title: Pokémon/Pokédex/Hisui Index


text:
Cookbook:Eve's Pudding (Hartshorne)

| Desserts

Eve's Pudding is a rich, fruity dessert served in the evening. This recipe is an interpreted method from the original recipe in Henry Hartshorne's The Household Cyclopedia.

Ingredients

 * 200 g (7.1 oz / 3 cups) fine breadcrumbs
 * 200 g (7.1 oz / 2 ea.) apples, roughly chopped
 * 200 g (7.1 oz / 2 cups) dried currants (raisins)
 * 200 g (7.1 oz) suet or butter
 * 170 g (6 oz / ¾ cup) white granulated sugar
 * 4 standard (200 g) eggs
 * 2 teaspoons ground nutmeg
 * 2 lemons, zested and juiced
 * Flour, extra
 * Butter

Procedure

 * 1) Add your ingredients into a bowl, mixing until combined but not overworking your mixture.
 * 2) Butter your mould of choice, and sprinkle a little flour inside.
 * 3) Place your mixture into your mould, and place a piece of baking paper on top.
 * 4) Cover with a cloth, and tie to secure.
 * 5) Boil or steam your mixture for 3 hours.
 * 6) Serve hot with custard or a wine sauce.

title: Cookbook:Eve's Pudding (Hartshorne)


text:
Probability and Statistics Practice Problem Set/20220801

The following is an archive of the daily practice problems for probability and statistics. The "20220801" in the title of this page refers to the numeric notation for "August 1, 2022" or "2022-08-01." Use these problems to sharpen your problem solving skills for probability and statistics.

Example 1
Find the probability that four randomly selected English letters, A-Z, with repeats allowed, form a name that is among the top 100 names for baby boys born in the United States in 2021.

Solution
The data for boy and girl names and their usage and popularity comes from the Social Security Administration (SSA). The SSA publishes new data annually; each year, the SSA publishes the data for the previous year. Now that we have access to the 2021 data, you can find it on websites such as Behindthename. This dataset covers all U.S. births that occurred between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, inclusive.

For boys, the most popular name last year was Liam, followed by Noah. Both names individually accounted for 1% of baby births each. One percent may not seem like much, but keep in mind that there were roughly two million boys born in the United States last year. The exact numbers are 20,272 boys named "Liam" and 18,739 boys named "Noah", in case you are curious. In descending order by popularity, the four-letter names in the top 100 boy names are Liam, Noah, Jack, Levi, Owen, John, Luke, Ezra, Luca, Ryan, Axel, Jose, and Beau, for a total of 13 names.

To calculate the number of letter combinations with four letters, it helps to realize that there are four positions, and for each position, you can freely choose any of the 26 letters from A to Z. There are 264 = 26 × 26 × 26 × 26 = 456,976 letter combinations that can be formed with four letters. Since each of them is equally likely to be drawn, and since 13 of those combinations form one of those names, the probability is therefore $$\frac{13}{456976}$$, which can be simplified to $$\frac{1}{35152}$$, or approximately 0.000028448.

Example 2
If the letters of the word "medical" are arranged in a random order, using each letter exactly once, what is the probability that it is an English word?

Solution
In addition to giving words' definitions, pronunciations, etymologies, synonyms, and antonyms like most other online dictionaries, another cool thing about Wiktionary is that it gives anagrams, if any, for any given word. An anagram is a permutation of the letters of a word. If a word has no repeated letters, such as the word "train", each letter must be used exactly once. For a word that has one or more repeated letters, each letter must be used exactly as many times as it appears within the word. For example, any permutation of "trait" must use "T" twice and each of "R", "A", and "I" exactly once each.

An example of a set of anagrams is that "post", "stop", and "spot" are all anagrams.

Go to Wiktionary and look up the word "medical." The page lists five anagrams: "camelid," "claimed," "decimal," "declaim," and "maliced." Together with "medical," there are six words formed from these seven letters. There are 7! = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 5,040 ways to rearrange these seven letters, so the probability is thus $$\frac{6}{5040}$$ = $$\frac{1}{840}$$, or approximately 0.001190476.

Example 3
In how many distinct ways can the letters of the word "trainers" be rearranged?

Solution
Be careful! Since "trainers" has 8 letters, the naïve approach would be to simply calculate 8! = 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 40,320, but before you bask in the glow of success, this is not the correct answer. The word "trainers" has a repeated letter, using the letter "R" twice, and you must account for this. Remember, whenever a letter has multiple of the same letter, all instances are treated as indistinguishable, non-distinct objects.

The answer is thus $$\frac{8!}{2!}$$ = $$\frac{40320}{2}$$ = 20,160.

Example 4
It is a well-known fact that sugar rushes (also known as sugar highs), the oft-imagined effect of hyperactivity in kids who eat sugar, is a myth. This misconception has been debunked by science time and time again. Note that "sugar rush" and "sugar high" are interchangeable. If a random four-letter combination is drawn, what is the probability that the string, when appended after the word "sugar", forms a name for this nonexistent, oft-debunked phenomenon?

Solution
"Sugar rush" and "sugar high" are equivalent terms for the supposed effect of getting hyper after eating too much sugar. Thanks to science, you can rest assured that the old wives' tale about sugar causing hyperactivity is just that — a myth. Since both "rush" and "high" are four-letter words, and no other sugar phrase, let alone one in which the first word is "sugar" and the second word has four letters, means the same thing as "sugar rush" and "sugar high", these are the only letter combinations that result in a name for this mythical concept. Other sugar idioms include "sugar baby", which is a term of endearment, "sugar tit", which is a fancy term for a baby's pacifier, and "sugar beet", a type of beet whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose. Most four-letter combinations, however, are not words at all, and are instead nonsensical gibberish. However, these are all allowed as the criteria in this problem give no restrictions on the choice of the four letters.

264 = 456,976. There are two four-letter words for which "sugar ____" is a term for hyperactivity after eating sugar, so the probability is thus $$\frac{2}{456976}$$ = $$\frac{1}{228488}$$ = 0.000004377. In scientific notation, you can also rewrite this as 4.377 × 10−6.

Example 5
In Generation VI, the sixth generation of Pokémon, there were 721 different species of Pokémon. For the month of September 2016, there were 16 Pokémon species with a weighted usage of 10% or greater, according to Smogon's monthly usage statistics for that month. If a Pokémon species is chosen randomly among the 721 Pokémon, what is the probability that its weighted usage was greater than or equal to 10% for the month of September 2016?

Solution
Since there are 721 different kinds of Pokémon, and 16 of them had a weighted usage of at least 10% for the month of September 2016, the probability is then $$\frac{16}{721}$$, or approximately 2.219%.

Fun Fact
And in case you are curious what those 16 were, Landorus-T came in first place with a weighted usage of 36.99105%. Latios came in second, with 22.34431%. Third was Excadrill, with 19.54580%.


text:
Talk:How to create gaming video

Subpages?
Would it help to split this book into subpages, or is it best as a single page style book? Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 23:37, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

 * @Mbrickn: Yes, my plan was to add material to the main page until the page became too unwieldy, then to split off sections into subpages. I was thinking subpages would relate to tasks using specific tools, for example: "Recording a video with OBS", "Creating a thumbnail with GIMP", "Editing with Avidemux", "Uploading a video to YouTube". Some of these might exist as independent books. There also might be a subpage for streaming and another one for Let's Plays. The section on video quality could probably be turned into a subsection as well. I didn't want to create a lot of subpages until I was satisfied with the title though. Right now I'm leaning toward "How to create gaming video" as the eventual title. RDBury (discuss • contribs) 13:06, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a good plan. :) Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 19:50, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Also that sounds like a good title to me. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 19:53, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

Obsolete Recording Methods
I'm not sure this would be too helpful, and it's a low priority, but I can think of a few obsolete recording methods that were once relatively common and now should not be used, with a few exceptions. (The main reason I could think of for using one of those methods would be if you were producing media for a period piece, rather than for standalone content) That said I figured I'd note some of those methods here.
 * Camera capture: Among the easiest and lowest skilled ways to record video, also among the worst quality. Gamers without better options would literally capture screen shots with a still camera, or record footage on a camcorder. Getting even half-decent footage from this was quite difficult, especially with CRTs of the era often showing scan line artifacts on video unless special care was taken. Higher end setups used tripods to stabalize footage, though the placement of the camera in front of the screen made actually playing the game tricky. An alternative was to setup the camera so it would include both the screen, and the player.
 * VCR/DVD Recording. Passing a signal through a VCR was a common way to achieve what counted as quality footage in the early days of home gaming. While this footage was saved onto a tape, it was difficult to export to a digital format. DVD recording offered an easier way to export gameplay footage to a computer, however DVD players capable of recording media were relatively rare. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 23:45, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

 * I think these are at least worth a mention. I've never attempted to record a PS1 or SNES game, though I do have both consoles still in working order. I don't even know you would do that other than recording from the analog signal. RDBury (discuss • contribs) 13:18, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:How to create gaming video


text:
Chess Variants/Avalanche Chess

Introduction
Avalanche Chess is a variant where each player moves their opponent's pawns.

History
Avalanche chess was created in the 1977 by chess variant designer Ralph Betza.

Rules
Avalanche chess is played like the standard game, with an additional rule: after a player has moved one of their pieces, they must move one of their opponent's pawns one square forward. If the opponent has no pawns left or the opponent's pawns have no legal moves, than that part of the turn is skipped.

Capturing with an opponent's pawn is not allowed, and a player cannot use a pawn advanced by the opponent to capture en passant.

A player may use either a normal move or an opponent pawn move to give check, and if a player is in check they must use their normal move to escape it. It is forbidden to place one's own king in check, even if there is an opponent pawn move that could block it.

If a pawn is advanced to the promotion rank, the owner of the pawn chooses the piece to promote to, regardless of who moved it there.

If a player moves an opponent's pawn to promotion, and the opponent chooses a piece that places the player's king in check, that is checkmate and the opponent wins the game.

If a player's only legal opponent pawn moves place their king in check, the opponent wins even if the player check(mated) their opponent's king on their turn.

Sub-variants
This chess variant does not not have any notable sub-variants.

title: Chess Variants/Avalanche Chess


text:
User talk:105.112.28.20

Chemistry: the first 103 element

title: User talk:105.112.28.20


text:
German/Grammar/Demonstratives

Demonstratives
There are several more classes of pronouns and determiners we need to cover. In this section we'll cover demonstratives.

Terminology
Demonstratives are used to used to identify and clarify which particular thing or person you're talking about. For example, in the sentence "I own the cat," the speaker assumes everyone already knows exactly which cat, so all that is needed is a definite article. But if there are several cats in the room, the speaker can make it clear by pointing or using some other gesture, and saying "I own this cat." As usual, we make a distinction between a determiner, where the word comes before a noun and replaces an article, and a pronoun where the word stands on its own and replaces a noun. For example "this" in "I own this cat," is a demontrative determiner, while "this" in "This is my cat," is a demonstrative pronoun. Other demonstratives in English include "that", "these" and "those". The list is somewhat longer in German, and when you include compounds, because German loves to form compounds for all kinds of things, the list gets quite long.

Demonstrative determiners
As mentioned above, determiners are words that can replace an article if one is required in front of a noun. So a demonstrative determiner is a demonstrative that can replace an article. They are declined like der and so now join welcher in our inventory of der words.

dieser/jener
You might say dieser means "this" (close to the speaker) and jener means "that" (far from the speaker), but it's only partially true. In modern German it rare to use jener at all, and if it is used then it's in combination with dieser as a contrast between two similar things. Normally German uses dieser for both "this" and "that" no matter how distant the object is from the speaker. If you really need to specify the distance then use hier - "here" and da - "there". Examples:
 * Dieser Hund liebt mich, aber jener Hund mag mich nicht. – "This dog loves me, but that dog doesn't like me."
 * This is an example of where jener might be used in combination with dieser.
 * Dieser Berg ist sehr hoch. – "That mountain is very tall."
 * In general, use dieser for both "this" and "that".

Knowing that dieser is declined like der should enable you to fill in its declention table, but we'll include it anyway for completeness.

With expressions of time, dieser refers to the period immediately following or preceding. Depending on context, it could be translated as "this", "next" or "last". For example:
 * Wir reden diesen Freitag. – "We'll talk this Friday."
 * Note the diesen Freitag is used as an adverb in this sentence. In general, German uses the accusative case in such situations, and you can see that in the -en ending of diesen.

der
In addition to being the definite article, der also acts as an demonstrative determiner and can be translated as "that". (In fact, the very early ancestors of German did not have articles at all, and the article der evolved from the demonstratives in those early languages. Similarly, the article ein evolved from the word for the number one.) Unlike dieser, the demonstrative der does not necessarily refer to anything you can point at, but is demonstrative in the sense that it refers to something in the current context. For example a subject you were just talking about or a person who just left the room.

There is actually no difference between the way the two meanings are written, so you have to rely on context and a certain amount of guesswork to tell if "the" or "that" is meant in a given sentence. When spoken, the demonstrative der is stressed while the article is unstressed, making it easier to tell the difference. Examples:
 * Ich mag den Kerl nicht. – "I don't like that guy."
 * If, for example, he was mentioned in conversation.
 * War die Frau deine Ehefrau? – "Was that woman your wife?"
 * If, for example, someone just meantioned being with his wife at a party.

dieser/jener
The pronoun versions of these demonstrative determiners have about the same meaning except that they don't precede a noun. They are inflected like the determiners, except that they rarely exist in the genitive case since davon (see below) will work just as well. In addition, there are impersonal versions, dies and less commonly jenes, both uninflected, that are used with sein. The impersonal form can refer to a recent situation or event, or simply to whatever happens to be in the general direction you're pointing to:
 * Dies ist meine Schuld. – "This is my fault."
 * Dies ist Kurt – "This is Kurt."

der
It may seem odd to a English speaker for der to be used without a noun, but in this case it serves as the demonstrative pronoun equivalent to that instead of as an article. This is easier to understand if you know that the English words the and that descend from the same Old English word.

Unlike dieser, using der has more to do with context than with location, and you'd use it to refer to something that was mentioned previously. So both der and the personal pronoun er may be translated as "he", but der carries more of a reminder that the person/thing was mentioned earlier, while er would be used when no such reminder is needed. So der might also be translated as "that guy" or "that thing" rather than "he" or "it". In addition, der may be used to single out the person or thing as being special or unique in some way. For example, let's say Anja and her friend Julia are having a conversation about Anja's boyfriend Peter and Peter's brother Stefan. Anja says: To which Julia, who has a secret crush on Stefan, might reply: Peter, being the subject of the previous sentence, would be the current topic of conversation, so er would refer to him in this context. But by using der, Julia is showing that she's talking about Stefan, who is not the current topic, but who has also been mentioned. Anja, sticking up for Peter, says: But Julia has just been through a bad breakup and wants to remind Anja that some are not so lucky in their choice of boyfriends. She says: This time, by using der Julia is singling out Peter as being unusual in being a sweet boyfriend, and implying that Julia is fortunate to find someone like Peter.
 * Peter besucht seinen Bruder in Berlin. - "Peter is visiting his brother in Berlin."
 * Der sieht sehr süß aus. - "He (Stefan) seems very sweet."
 * Peter ist auch sehr süß.
 * Ja, der ist süß. - "Yes, he (Peter) is sweet."

One thing to keep in mind though is that referring to someone as "that guy" in English could be considered rude or disrespectful, and the same thing might happen if you refer to a person (you like) as der without a good reason.

These distinctions are subtle and we probably have not captured all the complexities here. In addition, different German speakers may use the different pronouns in different ways, or may even use them interchangeably, especially in casual conversation. Using der rather than er seems to be primarily a feature of the spoken language, where emphasis and tone can mitigate any ambiguity, and is more rare in written German.

Just as dieser has an impersonal version dies, der has an impersonal version das. As with the impersonal es, it can refer to the environment, things in general, the current situation, or to nothing in particular. Since they don't refer to a specific thing, it isn't declined according to gender or number. As with dies, the impersonal das is usually only used with the verb sein. For example: The German das isn't referring to a specific animal, just as "that" doesn't refer to a specific animal, but the list, so the impersonal form is used. But since there is more than one animal, sein is conjugated in the plural while English uses the singular "is".
 * Ich habe eine Katze, einen Hund, eine Ziege, ein Schwein, ein Pferd und eine Kuh. Das sind eine Menge. - "I have a cat, a dog, a goat, a pig, a horse and a cow. That's a lot."

As with the impersonal es, the impersonal das is especially prone to being dropped in converstation: This seems to violate the V2 rule. But if you fill in the missing das:
 * Ist in Ordnung.
 * Ist mir egal.
 * Das ist in Ordnung. – "That is alright."
 * This uses the fixed phrase in Ordnung, which literally means "in order" but can be interpreted as "alright", "fine", "okay".
 * Das ist mir egal.
 * This uses the point-of-view dative to say "That's (all) the same to me." A shorter way to say it in English is "I don't care (about that)."

da- and wo- compounds
When a demonstrative pronoun would follow a preprosition, it's customary to replace the pronoun with the prefix da(r)- and attach it to the preposition. An r is included when the preposition starts with a vowel; in these cases dar- is often shorted to dr-, especially in spoken German. Functionally, they are adverbs.

Examples:
 * Ich esse damit. – "I'm eating with this."
 * Das Kind spielt darin. – "The child is playing in this."

Similarly, when an interogative pronoun follows a preposition, it's customary to replace the pronoun with the prefix wo(r)-. (We're covering this here because we hadn't done prepositions when we introduced interrogatives.)

Examples.
 * Womit isst du? – "What are you eating with?"
 * Worin spielt das Kind? – "What is the child playing in?"

Such compounds do exist in English, but it the modern language they are only used in legalese and not understood well by most people. Examples include "thereto" and "whereby".

title: German/Grammar/Demonstratives


text:
User:Dušan Kreheľ/Anywhere on Earth

Source data: Debian (testing), 2022-08-02; PHP timezone_identifiers_list and package tzdata.

title: User:Dušan Kreheľ/Anywhere on Earth


text:
User talk:87.196.82.4

Boa tarde

title: User talk:87.196.82.4


text:
Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 13

Today in 2020 Nadia Eghbal’s book Working in Public was published, the first book on developer burnout in the FLOSS ecosystem. Her analysis breaks with the traditional Open Source propaganda, which assumes that more participation makes projects easier.

title: Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 13


text:
User talk:Dušan Kreheľ

2022-12-25 Anywhere on Earth
Good evening, you've asked me by email to restore your page Anywhere on Earth in your user page space. That's done: User:Dušan Kreheľ/Anywhere on Earth. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 19:56, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dušan Kreheľ


text:
User:Kosinvita

Hi, I'm a user I guess

title: User:Kosinvita


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2022/April

Annotate a video game???
In Annotated texts, it’s written: It may also be possible for Wikibookians to annotate other forms of narrative media besides just written texts. For instance, it may be possible to annotate a motion picture, a video game, or a musical song/album. Such cases might be permitted under this policy if they are shown to be academic and well-written. Could someone please explain how would an annotation for a video game and if it’s possible to annotate a tv/YouTube series as well? Thanks in advance, -Gifnk dlm 2020 Merry Christmas 🎄(talk) 14:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

 * The text is speculative and will depend on the exact circumstances. Notice that it is possible to annotate a book if and only if the book itself is copyright-free - which means that you are unlikely to find an annotated "modern" book. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:44, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , yeah I understand how you can annotate a book and it makes sense that it has to be copyright free, but I don’t understand how you would annotate an interactive media like video games. Wouldn’t that be like a walkthrough or a strategy guide? -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 13:32, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * In a way yes. Notice that text was written when video games were completely banned and to me was placed only to avoid the line of thought that books are the only thing that can be annotated. I should clarify one thing - annotations to a copyright book are indeed possible (see Muggles%27_Guide_to_Harry_Potter for an example). So I can see something like this possible for a TV/YouTube series as well. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:52, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , yeah I have noticed this. The problem is that I don’t understand how an annonation of a video game would be written. Also I have checked out Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Chamber of Secrets/Chapter 2. I assume an annonation of a movie/series would be formatted similarly, but I still don’t understand how one would annotate a video game, unless it was as you said just there to show that not only books can be annotated and they never actually meant to annotate a video game. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 12:40, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * There are many things that can be annotated about a game, though some games are more suited to it than others.
 * The most obvious example is a visual novel or interactive fiction, since each could theoretically be rendered as a print book (à la choose your own adventure), and are inherently similar mediums. Text based RPGs and scripted dialogue heavy RPGs do not fall far from the tree here, and have much in common with television or cinema in format and direction.
 * However there is a lot more that can be annotated then simple textual content. Another way of creating an annotated text is to write about things other then the text of the game itself. Story, Characters, Environments, Game design, etc. can all be deserving of discussion and analysis in the right context, as in any analysis of a fictional world.
 * As an example, much has been said about World 1-1 of Super Mario Bros, and how without using much text, it teaches the player how the game is played. (Effectively becoming a textbook example in many game design talks) Thus you could for example, do an academic analysis of how a game instructs the player, or other non-textual aspects.
 * Even games which are exclusively multiplayer, or even primarily spectator oriented, can be annotated, as besides gameplay, there are cultural values beyond gameplay which may be deserving of academic analysis. (Similar to how some academic analysis of theater often considers the audience just as vital to the access of the performance as the stage, script, or even actors themselves)
 * Let me know if this helps, or if you have any questions! Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 02:38, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , so have I got you correctly? Any game can be annotated, and the annotation will be an analysis of the plot, the characters, the game design, the cultural significance, etc. -08:19, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Certainly. The annotation can be free to focus on a specific subtopic (Eg, just the game world such as in Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)) or be broader to cover multiple topics. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 13:34, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

, I was thinking of the implications of your comment, and I wonder, would it be acceptable to annotate the YouTube series Minecraft Deep Dive which goes into the lore of Minecraft. Of course all the content in the episodes are just speculations. Every episode in the series will have a chapter in the book and each chapter will discuss the speculations of the given episode and also the theories of other people regarding the same topic. What do you think about this? -Gifnk dlm 2020 From Middle English Wikipedia 📜📖💻 (talk) 15:16, 20 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I'd be fine with that personally, but other users likely have valuable insights. I'd pitch it as an independent proposal here first before creating the book just in case. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 21:57, 20 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , sorry for the late reply. I will be sure to do that before creating the book. -Gifnk dlm 2020 From Middle English Wikipedia 📜📖💻 (talk) 09:49, 22 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , after watching this video, I’m not sure about this idea. Do you think it’s a real concern? Thanks in advance, - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 13:53, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think I was quite understood your meaning when I left my last message. I was thinking you were proposing something of an abridged rundown of the content, along with an analysis, such that it did not replace or incorporate the whole of the original work. (Think of lecture notes, etc)
 * The video describes plagiarism and copyright infringement, not an annotated text. That said for a true annotated text (Which would by necessity, include the full original material), then it wouldn't be kosher unless the content was under a compatible license.
 * In my personal opinion if you have an educational analysis of a work (A la Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter), or can find a video series to annotate that's under a compatible license (Such that the original video would be able to be hosted on commons like those on Commons:Category:Video Game Story Time), then it's OK with me personally. However if you're serious about going forward, you should pitch it as as an independent proposal. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 15:14, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * l I didn’t plan to include the original material, only a rundown of the content and comparing his theories to theories of other people. I was just worried that after such plagiarism, people might be against even rundowns. I think I will pitch an independent proposal in the coming days. - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 16:59, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Please make a category about Roblox
Since Roblox is not a game, but rather a collection of games, please consider making a subsection for it. --Red-back spider (discuss • contribs) 23:56, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , I’m not an admin but I’m curious to know what you mean. You can make a shelf about games check out Shelf:Electronic games by franchise. After you asking to create Shelf:Roblox? -Gifnk dlm 2020 Merry Christmas 🎄(talk) 20:51, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I want to make a category in Shelf:Strategy Guides/ called Roblox with a collection of games in Roblox. Red-back spider (discuss • contribs) 05:00, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , Oh now I see., what do you think about this suggestion? Now I see why you want to make it a subcategory off Shelf:Electronic games and not of Shelf:Electronic games by franchise but I’m not sure if I agree with you. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Merry Christmas 🎄(talk) 05:43, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Also those are the books that I found about Roblox: Roblox Game Development, Roblox Studio Tutorials, Roblox WF Wars. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Merry Christmas 🎄(talk) 05:53, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * An explanation on what Roblox is would be needed. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:41, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , Roblox is an online game platform and game creation system. Basically you can make games and play games other people made. However it’s different from sites like Newgrounds since all games have to made with their platform and therefore the visuals are somehow similar to each other. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Merry Christmas 🎄(talk) 13:27, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I think we should regardless of Roblox, make a shelf in Shelf:Electronic games called Shelf:Electronic games by platform then we can put there strategy guides of Roblox games, but currently none exist and I don’t think it’s beneficial to create an empty shelf. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 22:21, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * But then would those games even meet the notability criteria? We don't just accept any game after all. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:47, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , tbh the answer is idk. If reviews and let’s plays on YouTube are enough for a game to be considered notable then I doubt there’s a lack of notable Roblox games. It seems as if is interested in books about Roblox games and yeah this is a very important question that must be answered. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 12:31, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I would like to add that IMO, all games mentioned in List of Roblox games are notable. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 14:07, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , do you think games listed in this Wikipedia page are notable for inclusion in Wikibooks? -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 07:18, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I would think that looks OK, as long as they are actually popular for a good reason. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 08:15, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , Ok I see. Thank you very much!, you can create books about these games and add them to Shelf:Roblox. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 09:32, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok. sorry for the super late reply. I just missed the whole conversation. But thanks anyways guys! Red-back spider (discuss • contribs) 06:05, 8 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Done! Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 22:36, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * As an aside, proposals about strategy guides which are not strictly about the strategy guide policy proposal itself should probably go into their own threads, so this thread stops being resurrected, and can be archived (This thread is nearly one year old).
 * This increases the visibility of other proposals, including new proposals about strategy guides. Of course, if someone wants to comment about the original strategy guide policy proposal, it should be done in this thread. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 04:29, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , so have I got you right? Proposals for new strategy guides should be new threads and questions about this policy should in this thread? I think most of my “proposals” were questions about the policy. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 09:04, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I may have worded that poorly. I don't think your questions of policy are necessarily out of place.
 * Basically the the purpose of this thread was to discuss weather or not we should "Start allowing game strategies". Any comments on re allowing strategy guides should definitely go here. However questions related to the policy, but not specifically about re-allowing game guides, may be more visible to other wikibooks users as separate threads. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 09:12, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , oh I see. Thank you very much! Btw, you may have missed the section above about creating Shelf:Grand Theft Auto. -Gifnk dlm 2020 Happy New Year 🎄❄⛄🎇 (talk) 09:30, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Shelf:Grand Theft Auto Done! Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 02:39, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

Do other langages allow strategy guides?
Hi, I’m curious to know, are there any other wikibooks communities other than English that allow game strategies as a result of the success here? The last update I got was from August 2021, that Chinese Wikibooks declined allowing. I checked just now with Hebrew Wikibooks, and they don’t have any such books though I can suggest them to start allowing. About other languages, idk. I’m posting this comment here because I think it’s the most relevant place since this is where we approved game strategies in English Wikibooks, and this is a question about game strategies in other languages. - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 20:07, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * fr.wikibooks do, see fr:Wikilivres:Étagère jeu vidéo. Not to sure about other Wikibooks languages really. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:08, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't suggest any policy changes on Wikis you don't actively edit for reasons outlined later in this post.
 * I took a short tour of some other editions of Wikibooks. The following languages either de facto or de jure allow video game strategy guides as of February 7th, 2022. This list is not comprehensive, and is based on either the existence of strategy guides on the wiki or the presence of a category for them.
 * French Wikibooks - As mentioned by Jules.
 * Italian Wikibooks
 * Korean Wikibooks
 * Russian Wikibooks
 * Indonesian Wikibooks
 * Portuguese Wikibooks
 * Finnish Wikibooks
 * Hungarian Wikibooks
 * Swedish Wikibooks
 * Esperanto Wikibooks - Has a category for them but no actual strategy guides at the moment.
 * I should note that I don't think all languages have a policy relating to strategy guides. That is to say they are neither explicitly allowed, nor explicitly prohibited. There may be more subtle unwritten rules which I have missed in my cursory expedition.
 * I believe it is generally up to each language to determine what content they allow, unless such content is blatantly against broad Wikimedia movement goals as a community or Wikimedia Foundation legal requirements. I should note that Multilingual Wikis, such as Commons and Wikidata, tend to have more unified policies.
 * Personally, I believe it is best that strategy guides originate organically from a local editing base, because that creates a long term community to maintain and grow the project as a whole (Both in terms of strategy guides and more broadly). Another factor to consider is that different cultures have different views and laws regarding video games, and their inclusion or exclusion could affect the rest of their project in terms of readership and public perception. Thus, if a language of Wikibooks doesn't think strategy guides are in the best interest of their readers and editors, I think that should be generally respected. Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 07:02, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * , thank you very much for the updates! Considering the success in English Wikibooks, hopefully even more communities follow the example, but I agree that it will be best if it comes from active users so I don’t think I will suggest this in Hebrew Wikibooks. - 📜 GIFNK 📖 DLM💻MMXX🏰 (TALK🎙 | CONTRIBS) 12:27, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Slight clarification to notability
I suggest to write in Strategy guides, that if a game has an page I wikipedia or a section of a page in Wikipedia dedicated to it then it is notable for sure. From my understanding this is what is going on anyways, but it should still be written so that it will be clear for beginners. -Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 (discuss • contribs) 12:45, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Well I suppose we could add something along the lines of "games which pass the notability requirements of Wikipedia should be acceptable". I don't think it's particularly needed though, as is already allows games listed on Metacritic and Opencritic, or "Inclusion of games in other prominent review sites may also indicate significance", so is likely to be roughly the same as the Wikipedia notability or slightly laxer, already. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:34, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
 * @Mrjulesd Also, I noticed that the opener of this sub-section Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 is registered by Gifnk dlm 2020 per incubator:Talk:Wp/enm/Mayne_Page, I need to know that whether this is a legitimate clean starting as it requires no return to topic areas, disputes, editing patterns, or behaviors previously identified as problematic, and no attempts to evade scrutiny are allowed. Or, should I request a Checkuser regarding their relations? Liuxinyu970226 (discuss • contribs) 04:51, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I can't see anything particularly problematic with this. At the "User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123" page it declares "Formerly edited as User:Gifnk dlm 2020" so presumably that account has been abandoned in faour of the new one, and it is openly declared. So it doesn't seem like it evades scrutiny, and they are under no restrictions here that it would affect. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 09:31, 4 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
German/Grammar/Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns and reflexive verbs
English has special pronouns for when an object in a sentence is the same as the subject. German has this feature as well, but in addition there are certain verbs which expect these special pronouns.

Terminology
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun used for an object which is the same as the subject. In English, the reflexive pronouns are formed by adding "-self" or "-selves" to a possessive pronoun. For example: German uses its reflexive pronouns in the same way, but just as impersonal verbs expect an impersonal pronoun as a subject, there are certain verbs which expect a reflexive object, or at least take a different meaning when used with a reflexive object. We'll call these reflexive verbs. They are a feature of many European languages, especially Romance and Slavic languages. English is an exception though; when you use an English verb with a reflexive pronoun it almost always has pretty much the same meaning as it does at any other time. (English has a short list of exceptions, including "to pride" and "to perjure", which can only be used with a reflexive pronoun. You have to say "He perjured himself" rather than "He perjured". There are a few other exceptions where the verb has a reflexive meaning other than its usual meaning, for example "to conduct oneself", "to behave oneself", "to enjoy oneself".) Because reflexive verbs are rare in English, German reflexive verbs can be tricky for English speaking learners. The reflexive meaning of a verb is usually related to the main meaning, assuming there is one, but it often has to be memorized separately.
 * "I'm washing myself," rather than "I'm washing me."
 * "We can see ourselves," rather than "We can see us."

The reflexive pronouns
The German reflexive pronouns only have two cases you have to worry about, the accusative and dative. They are summarized in the following tables:

There is no "-self" suffix as in English, and really the only change is that sich is used in the third person and polite second person for both accusative and dative. It might seem like the lack of a "-self" suffix, or that there is mostly no difference between the reflexive pronouns and the personal pronouns, would cause confusion, but you can easily train your ears to pick up on the repeated use of a pronoun and in practice there is little to worry about. Some examples:
 * Du kannst dich sehen. – "You can see yourself."
 * Er kann sich sehen. – "He can see himself."
 * Ich schenke mir ein Spielzeug. – "I'm giving myself a toy."
 * Er schenkt sich ein Spielzeug. – "He's giving himself a toy."

There is an adverb selbst you can use in cases where a reflexive pronoun is used for emphasis in English:
 * Hast du das selbst gemacht? – "You made this yourself?"

Even though, for example, the reflexive dich is spelled the same as the accusative dich, you should consider them to be different words with different, though related meanings, just as "you" and "yourself" are different words in English.

Each other
Now let's start talking about some of the ways that German uses reflexive pronouns differently than English. The first is when the phrase "each other" would be used in English. For example treffen can mean "meet": But if you're not worried about who is meeting who, you might say "We'll meet in the cafe." But "meet" is normally a transitive verb, so who will we be meeting? We'll meet each other. German uses a reflexive pronoun for "each other" in this kind of situation: English would not use a reflexive pronoun, "We'll meet ourselves," unless it's some kind of time paradox in a science fiction story. In English you'd use "each other", and German has an equivalent, einander. It's possible to use einander in this situation, but it's not necessary except to avoid ambiguity.
 * Ich treffe dich im Café. – "I'll meet you in the cafe."
 * Note that German prefers the present tense here.
 * Wir treffen uns im Café. – "We'll meet in the café."
 * Sie treffen sich im Café. – "They'll meet in the café."

Object to subject
Another common use of a reflexive pronoun is to change what would normally be an accusative object into the subject. For example in the sentence: the subject is er. But what if it's not known who or what is causing the door to open? In English you can say: In effect, the transitive verb "to open" becomes an intransitive verb and what was the object in the transitive meaning becomes the subject in the intransitive meaning. (The technical term for a verb like this is "ergative verb" or "labile verb".) In German you express the same meaning with a reflexive pronoun: Similarly:
 * Er öffnet die Tür. – "He's opening the door."
 * "The door is opening."
 * Die Tür öffnet sich. – "The door is opening."
 * Er dreht das Rad. – "He's turning the wheel."
 * Das Rad dreht sich. – "The wheel is turning."

Keep in mind though that there are many verbs for which this object to subject transition occurs without the help of a reflexive pronoun:
 * Er kocht das Wasser. – "He's boiling the water."
 * Das Wasser kocht. – "The water is boiling."

You have to learn when a reflexive pronoun can be used this way for each verb. Both English and German have several ways of making this object to subject transition. The standard method is to use the passive voice, as in "The water is being boiled."

Other reflexive verbs
The usual pattern is that a verb has one meaning as a transitive verb, but it has a different but related meaning when a reflexive pronoun is involved. The reflexive meaning may have evolved in a different direction over time than the original meaning, so it may be difficult to deduce one meaning from the other as they are now. This means you may have to memorize the reflexive verb separately. In some cases the original meaning has been lost, and only the reflexive version remains.

For example, fühlen, meaning to feel something using your sense of touch, is a transitive verb: As a reflexive verb it can mean to feel an emotion:
 * Ich fühle den Wind. – "I feel the wind."
 * Ich fühle mich traurig. – "I feel sad."

As another example, the prepositional verb erinnern an (with accusative) means "to remind of" as a transitive verb: As a reflexive verb, erinnern means "to remember":
 * Du erinnerst mich an meine Frau. – "You remind me of my wife."
 * Ich erinnere mich an meine Frau. – "I remember my wife."

Body parts
As we mentioned in the section on pronomial possessives, German often uses a definite article instead of a pronoun when referring to body parts. You can add a reflexive pronoun to make it clear whose body party is meant:
 * Dieser Typ wäscht sich nie die Hände. – "This guy never washes his hands."

title: German/Grammar/Reflexive pronouns


text:
User talk:39.59.68.166

You cannot edit indefinitely due to disruptive editing. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 11:19, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:39.59.68.166


text:
User:Joel Yaon Ignacio

Care on Reverse (the tree of life)

title: User:Joel Yaon Ignacio


text:
Minecraft/Bed

Beds allow you to sleep through the night and skip it. On multiplayer, all players must sleep to skip to day.

Obtaining
Beds can be found in villages.

title: Minecraft/Bed


text:
Cookbook:Sailor's Sauce (Hartshorne)

| Sauces

Sailor's sauce is a deeply rich sauce that can be used for a number of meat-based dishes. This recipe is an interpreted method from the original recipe in Henry Hartshorne's the Household Cyclopedia.

Ingredients

 * 1 poultry liver
 * 3 shallots
 * 2 truffles or other mushrooms
 * 3 tbsp oil
 * 3 tbsp gravy
 * 175 ml white wine
 * 1 tsp salt
 * 1 tsp pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Chop the liver, shallots, truffles or mushrooms.
 * 2) Heat a saucepan with oil. Once hot, add the above mixture and fry for 1 minute.
 * 3) Add the gravy, wine, salt, and pepper. Simmer for half an hour.
 * 4) Strain contents and serve.

title: Cookbook:Sailor's Sauce (Hartshorne)


text:
Cookbook:Queen's Sauce (Hartshorne)

| Sauces

Queen's Sauce is a thick, creamy sauce for heart meals. This recipe is an interpreted method from the original recipe in Henry Hartshorne's the Household Cyclopedia.

Ingredients

 * 200 ml gravy
 * White breadcrumbs
 * 50 g almonds, pounded
 * 2 egg yolks
 * Fowl breast, roasted
 * 200 ml cream
 * 3 tbsp salt
 * 3 tbsp pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Place the gravy into a saucepan and simmer, stirring the breadcrumbs into it until thickened.
 * 2) Add the almonds, egg yolks, fowl breast, and cream. Mix well until combined.
 * 3) Place onto a simmer and add salt and pepper to serve.

title: Cookbook:Queen's Sauce (Hartshorne)


text:
User:L10nM4st3r/Funny Stuff/current

1

title: User:L10nM4st3r/Funny Stuff/current


text:
Cookbook:Brown Sauce (Hartshorne)

| Sauces | Hartshorne

Brown Sauce is a tangy, slightly sweet sauce accompanying cooked breakfasts and chips (fries).

This recipe is an interpreted method from the original recipe in Henry Hartshorne's the Household Cyclopedia.

Ingredients

 * 1 tbsp sugar
 * 2 tbsp French vinegar
 * 3 tbsp olive oil
 * 1 tbsp mustard
 * 1 tbsp salt
 * 1 tbsp pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Mix together the sugar, vinegar, olive oil, mustard, salt, and pepper.
 * 2) Serve or store in a bottle.

title: Cookbook:Brown Sauce (Hartshorne)


text:
Drugs:Fact and Fiction/Mushrooms

Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Psilocybe. Psilocybin mushrooms have been and continue to be used in indigenous New World cultures in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts. Psilocybin mushrooms are also used as recreational drugs. They may be depicted in Stone Age rock art in Africa and Europe, but are most famously represented in the Pre-Columbian sculptures and glyphs seen throughout North, Central and South America.

title: Drugs:Fact and Fiction/Mushrooms


text:
Van Dwelling/Children

Van Dwelling can be difficult for those with children. Every child is different, and some will appreciate the variety of scenery and lifestyle, while others will yearn for stable living with friends and family in close proximity. If you are a parent, it is your responsibility to make the best choice for your child.

Challenges to raising a child while van dwelling

 * Safety
 * Risks acceptable for an adult may not be acceptable while a child is in tow. Furthermore general healthcare, dental access, etc may be more difficult without the same family doctor who is knowledgeable of their history presiding.

 * Childcare
 * Inconsistent childcare availability may preclude vanlife with a child.

 * Socialization
 * When you move, their friends won't come with them. Furthermore some family may be hard to reach while on the road if you previously lived near them.

 * Educational variation
 * Quality of schools can vary on the road. Homeschooling may be an option, but if all caregivers are away frequently, education will suffer.

Benefits

 * Broaden worldview
 * The child will see a larger and more diverse section of the world then if they grow up in one place.

 * Life skills
 * Being constantly on the move necessitates acquiring a variety of skills to make daily life easier. Skills such as navigation, repair, and others may be picked up while on the move.

 * Socilization
 * The flip side to socialization being a downside is that van dwelling does present an opportunity for your child to meet far away family members, should you make it a point to go visit them.

Alternatives to full van life
You may consider shorter excursions as a vacation instead of a lifestyle. This allows you to get some the benefits of van life, and see if the child would like it. Remember that a child that likes a short term on the road may not appreciate a permanent transition to van dwelling.

title: Van Dwelling/Children


text:
Minecraft/Wool

Wool is very useful. Without it, you will be unable to make beds or carpets. Wool is also a useful decorative material, and can be dyed in a variety of colors.

Obtaining
Wool is dropped by sheep.

title: Minecraft/Wool


text:
Minecraft/Carpet

Carpets are commonly used to decorate your buildings and houses, typically as flooring. Because Carpet is not very resistant to attack, you should consider cladding any externally facing surface below or adjacent to it with a more durable material when playing in Survival mode.

Obtaining
Carpet is found in woodland mansions.

title: Minecraft/Carpet


text:
Minecraft/Dye

Dye can be used to change the colour of leather armour, wool, beds and sheep.

Obtaining

 * Red: Made from poppys, rose bushes and red tulips.
 * Blue: Made from lapis luzali and blue orchid.
 * Light blue: Made by combining blue dye and white dye.
 * Green: Made by smelting cacti in a furnace.
 * Yellow: Made from dandelions and yellow tulips.
 * Orange: Made from orange tulips and combining yellow dye and red dye.
 * Brown: Made from coa coa beans.
 * Magenta: Made by combining red dye and blue dye.
 * Pink: Made from pink tulips and peony.
 * White: Made from bonemeal.
 * Light gray: Made from lilly of the vallies, cornflowers and white tulips, among other things.
 * Gray: Made from black dye and light gray dye.
 * Dark gray: Made from black dye and gray dye.
 * Black: Made with ink sacs.

title: Minecraft/Dye


text:
Minecraft/Crafting

Crafting allows you to make items that would otherwise be hard or impossible to obtain.

Crafting grids
There are two of them in the game: a small, 2 by 2 one in your inventory; and a large 3 by 3 one from crafting tables.

Crafting items
To craft something, place items and blocks into your crafting grid in a specific way. If you are stuck, there is a handy crafting list of items that you can make. You can turn it on by pressing the green book in your inventory.

If you do it right, a new item will appear in the single slot next to it. If you pick it up, one of every item in the crafting grid will be consumed.

title: Minecraft/Crafting


text:
Module:Pokémon matchup

local p={} local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools')

function get_matchup(type) local out={immune={},weak={},res={}}

if type=="normal" then out.weak={"fighting"} out.immune={"ghost"} end

if type=="fire" then out.weak={"water","ground","rock"} out.res={"fire","grass","ice","bug","steel","fairy"} end

if type=="water" then out.weak={"grass","electric"} out.res={"fire","water","ice","steel"} end

if type=="grass" then out.weak={"fire","ice","poison","flying","bug"} out.res={"water","grass","electric","ground"} end

if type=="electric" then out.weak={"ground"} out.res={"electric","flying","steel"} end

if type=="ice" then out.weak={"fire","fighting","rock","steel"} out.res={"ice"} end

if type=="fighting" then out.weak={"flying","psychic","fairy"} out.res={"bug","rock","dark"} end

if type=="poison" then out.weak={"ground","psychic"} out.res={"grass","fighting","poison","bug","fairy"} end

if type=="ground" then out.weak={"water","grass","ice"} out.res={"poison","rock"} out.immune={"electric"} end

if type=="flying" then out.weak={"electric","ice","rock"} out.res={"grass","fighting","bug"} out.immune={"ground"} end

if type=="psychic" then out.weak={"bug","ghost","dark"} out.res={"fighting","psychic"} end

if type=="bug" then out.weak={"fire","flying","rock"} out.res={"grass","fighting","ground"} end

if type=="rock" then out.weak={"water","grass","fighting","ground","steel"} out.res={"normal","fire","poison","flying"} end

if type=="ghost" then out.weak={"ghost","dark"} out.res={"poison","bug"} out.immune={"normal","fighting"} end

if type=="dragon" then out.weak={"ice","dragon","fairy"} out.res={"fire","water","grass","electric"} end

if type=="dark" then out.weak={"fighting","bug","fairy"} out.res={"ghost","dark"} out.immune={"psychic"} end

if type=="steel" then out.weak={"fire","fighting","ground"} out.res={"normal","grass","ice","flying","psychic","bug","rock","dragon","steel","fairy"} out.immune={"poison"} end

if type=="fairy" then out.weak={"poison","steel"} out.res={"fighting","bug","dark"} out.immune={"dragon"} end

return out end

function get_colored_type(frame,v) local c={ normal="#676767", fire="#fa280c", water="#309eee", grass="#12ed24", electric="#ede412", ice="#98fff3", fighting="#b0340e", poison="#9d0ebb", ground="#8e5410", flying="#13bbd6", psychic="#ee0e6c", bug="#9fee12", rock="#f0b886", ghost="#4c3aca", dragon="#212290", dark="#31313c", steel="#878791", fairy="#e389f3" } return frame:expandTemplate{ title="color", args={c[v],v} } end

function p.matchup(frame) local dat=get_matchup(frame.args.type1) -- Get matchups and combine them: for _,v in pairs(get_matchup(frame.args.type2).weak) do   dat.weak[TableTools.size(dat.weak)+1]=v end for _,v in pairs(get_matchup(frame.args.type2).res) do   dat.res[TableTools.size(dat.res)+1]=v end for _,v in pairs(get_matchup(frame.args.type2).immune) do   dat.immune[TableTools.size(dat.immune)+1]=v end

-- remove duplicate immunities dat.immune=TableTools.removeDuplicates(dat.immune)

--categories local cats="" if #frame.args.type1>0 and #frame.args.type2>0 and frame.args.namespace=="" then

if frame.args.type1>frame.args.type2 then cats="[[Category:Book:Pokémon/"..frame:expandTemplate{     title="UpperCase first",      args={frame.args.type1}    }.."-"..frame:expandTemplate{      title="UpperCase first",      args={frame.args.type2}    }.." Pokémon]]"

else cats="[[Category:Book:Pokémon/"..frame:expandTemplate{     title="UpperCase first",      args={frame.args.type2}    }.."-"..frame:expandTemplate{      title="UpperCase first",      args={frame.args.type1}    }.." Pokémon]]" end end

-- Remove cancelled out matchups for k1,v1 in pairs(dat.res) do   for k2,v2 in pairs(dat.weak) do      if v1==v2 then -- Matchups match: remove both dat.weak[k2]="removed" dat.res[k1]="removed" break end for _,v3 in pairs(dat.immune) do       if v2==v3 then dat.res[k2]="removed" end if v1==v3 then dat.weak[k1]="removed" break end end end end

-- Get x4 and x.25 bonuses local sweak={} local sres={} -- x4 for k,v in pairs(dat.weak) do for k2,v2 in pairs(dat.weak) do if not(k==k2) and v==v2 and not(v=="removed") then sweak[TableTools.size(sweak)+1]=v dat.weak[k]="removed" dat.weak[k2]="removed" break end end end -- x.25 for k,v in pairs(dat.res) do for k2,v2 in pairs(dat.res) do if not(k==k2) and v==v2 and not(v=="removed") then sres[TableTools.size(sres)+1]=v dat.res[k]="removed" dat.res[k2]="removed" break end end end

-- Get output

-- Super weak local output="" if #sweak>0 then output="Moves that deal 400% of their damage to "..frame.args.pagename..": " for k,v in pairs(sweak) do     if not(k==1) then output=output..", " end output=output..get_colored_type(frame,v) end end -- Weak output=output.." Moves that deal 200% of their damage to "..frame.args.pagename..": " local index=1 for k,v in pairs(dat.weak) do if not(v=="removed") then if not(index==1) then output=output..", " end output=output .. get_colored_type(frame,v) index=index+1 end end -- Resistance index=1 if #dat.res>0 then output=output.." Moves that deal 50% of their damage to "..frame.args.pagename..": " for k,v in pairs(dat.res) do if not(v=="removed") then if not(index==1) then output=output..", " end output=output..get_colored_type(frame,v) index=index+1 end end end -- Super resistance if #sres>0 then output=output.." Moves that deal 25% of their damage to "..frame.args.pagename..": " for k,v in pairs(sres) do     if not(k==1) then output=output..", " end output=output..get_colored_type(frame,v) end end -- Immune if #dat.immune>0 then output=output.." Moves that deal 0% of their damage to "..frame.args.pagename..": " for k,v in pairs(dat.immune) do     if not(k==1) then output=output..", " end output=output..get_colored_type(frame,v) end end return output .. cats .. " " end

return p

title: Module:Pokémon matchup