text:
Cookbook:Guacamole III

This guacamole variant acts very well on its own as a side dish or appetizer, and it's also very good in fajitas. This recipe can easily be multiplied beyond the two avocado serving.

Ingredients

 * 2 ripe avocados
 * 2–3 tablespoons chopped cilantro
 * About ¼ cup cherry, grape, or pear tomatoes halved or quartered, with about ⅛ cup seeded
 * 1 lime, thoroughly juiced
 * About 4 tablespoons chopped cilantro
 * ½ red onion, diced
 * 2 jalapeño peppers, 1 seeded and 1 unseeded, diced finely
 * Kosher salt and extra virgin olive oil to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Halve the avocado. Carefully lodge the base end of a chef's knife in the pit, twisting to remove, and then pinching the pit off of the knife.
 * 2) Remove flesh with large spoon, being careful to maintain the integrity of the flesh. Dice in large chunks and transfer to mixing bowl. Mash to desired consistency.
 * 3) Add lime, and stir to combine.
 * 4) Add remaining ingredients, and stir to combine.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Works well on beans, in tacos and other Mexican foods, or even as a topping for bread. It also can add flavor and moisture to overly dry food. However, perhaps the best use is as a dip for tortilla chips.
 * Avocado salad can be made by not mashing the avocado chunks. Optionally, add a grated carrot. This makes a good side dish or small meal.

title: Cookbook:Guacamole III


text:
User talk:Vengstro

There is no need to change text from one style of English to another as you did with Public International Law/Actors in International Law/International Organizations. American English and British English are both acceptable spellings on Wikibooks.--Xania   talk 05:06, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Vengstro


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2023/April

Copyright violation solved?
Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia is shouting that the copyright violation at Supplementary mathematics/Geometry has been solved (Special:diff/4277702). Therefore I request the deletion of all former revisions that include copyright violations. Thank you for the attention. MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 16:50, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

Please check sockpuppets editing Unicode/Versions
I suspect the following users are sockpuppets (they are vandalism-only accounts, except User:Paul Benedict Alferez; also the sockpuppeteer used several IPs): Alexlatham96 (discuss • contribs) 00:31, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * User:Matthew Tameirao
 * User:MatthewTameirao1225
 * User:12wedfcvghyu78Io90
 * User:LOLsob
 * User:Missyrocha
 * User:Paul Benedict Alferez

 * Update: the vandalism started again with more IPs. Alexlatham96 (discuss • contribs) 20:28, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Just updated the protection —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 20:44, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

User talk:Numbers-Mathworld
A blocked user is playing with his/her own talk page. Please remove talk page access. Thank you for the attention. MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 07:26, 17 April 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ and thank you for letting us know :-). --SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 08:14, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

revdel request
Please, revdel this edit. -- Jan.Kamenicek (discuss • contribs) 12:31, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅ Thanks! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 12:57, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

Report concerning This user
Leonidlednev (discuss • contribs) 14:49, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Username, Creation of non-constructive pages, evident VOA.
 * Username, Creation of non-constructive pages, evident VOA.

 * ✅ by MarcGarver. SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 22:56, 24 April 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protect World History/Changes in Eurasia - Mongol Conquest and Aftermath
Many LTAs are vandalizing World History/Changes in Eurasia - Mongol Conquest and Aftermath. Can admin(s) semi-protect this page? Xeverything11 (discuss • contribs) 08:03, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅ by SHB2000. Xeverything11 (discuss • contribs) 10:02, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Please block BombieMaxise (talk · contribs)
Reason: Long-term abuse Xeverything11 (discuss • contribs) 17:20, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅ —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 18:11, 28 April 2023 (UTC)


text:
User:Rapesad

Hello. Thank you for visiting my personal entry. My name is Rapesad.

title: User:Rapesad


text:
User:Dirk Hünniger/blenderunit2

 * Unit 2 - Basic Modeling and Shading
 * Section 2A - Your First Mesh Models
 * Meshes and Edit Mode
 * Normals and Shading
 * More Mesh Editing Techniques
 * Quickie Lighting
 * Quickie Model
 * Quickie Render
 * Enter the World
 * Understanding the Camera
 * Improving Your House
 * Section 2B - Smooth Meshes (Simple Person with a Hat)
 * Extruding a Simple Person
 * Smoothing Your Simple Person
 * Improving Your Simple Person
 * Spinning a Simple Hat
 * Putting the Hat on the Person
 * Section 2C - Materials and Textures
 * Overview
 * Quickie Material
 * Multiple Materials per Object
 * Metal Versus Plastic
 * Texture Settings
 * Image Textures
 * Procedural Textures
 * Quickie Texture
 * Halo Materials
 * Section 2D - Beyond Basics
 * Blender Memory Management
 * Using Bones
 * Mountains out of Molehills
 * Modeling a Volcano
 * Penguins from Spheres
 * Dicing With Depth (Dice Modeling)
 * Model a Goblet
 * Model a Silver Goblet
 * Model a Silver Goblet Another Way
 * Spin a goblet
 * Light a Silver Goblet (Early look at lighting)
 * Simple Vehicle
 * Simple Vehicle: Wheel
 * Simple Vehicle: MudTires
 * Simple Vehicle: Seat
 * Simple Vehicle: Rocket Launcher
 * Simple Vehicle: Body
 * Simple Vehicle: Some Assembly Required
 * Modeling a 3D Parachute in Blender
 * Model a Low Poly Head
 * Building a House
 * Pipe joints
 * Lighting Suzanne: Introductory one lamp lighting
 * Section 2E - Curve and Path Modeling
 * Overview
 * Intro to Bézier Curves
 * Bevelling a Curve
 * NURBS Patches
 * Deforming Meshes using the Curve Modifier
 * The Empty Object
 * Section 2F - Using Reference Photos
 * Background Images
 * Aligning Vertices with a Guide Image
 * Modeling a Fox from Guide Images
 * Using Bézier Curve to Model a 3D logo from a 2D logo
 * Section 2G - Further Materials and Textures
 * Subsurface Scattering
 * Ray Tracing
 * Using Textures
 * Using a texture to make a material partially transparent
 * Creating Basic Seawater
 * Mountains Out Of Molehills 2
 * Basic Carpet Texture
 * The Rusty Ball
 * Creating Pixar-looking eyes
 * Procedural Eyeball
 * Putting It All Together: A Dragon!

title: User:Dirk Hünniger/blenderunit2


text:
User:SunderB/Draft:Modelling Solids

Contents

 * 1) Specific Heat Capacity of Solids
 * 2) Empirical Laws and Boltzmann Model
 * 3) Einstein Model
 * 4) Debye Model
 * 5) Electrons in Metals
 * 6) Sommerfeld Model
 * 7) Drude Model
 * 8) Mathematical Definition of Crystals
 * 9) Bravais Lattices and Simple Lattices
 * 10) Basis
 * 11) Symmetry and Unit Cells
 * 12) Determining the Structure of Crystals
 * 13) Direct Imaging
 * 14) Diffraction and Bragg Condition
 * 15) Atomic Planes and Miller Indices
 * 16) Diffraction in a Simple Cubic Lattice
 * 17) Reciprocal Lattices
 * 18) Determining Structure from Diffraction
 * 19) Diffraction of Particle Waves
 * 20) Observational Methods
 * 21) Crystal Defects

title: User:SunderB/Draft:Modelling Solids


text:
User:Cirnosu

This is my page.

title: User:Cirnosu


text:
User:Cirnosu/Collections/Blender 3D

Noob to Pro

 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro

 * Unit 1 - Background
 * Knowing before Making
 * What Blender Can Do
 * 3D Geometry
 * Coordinate Transformations
 * Orthographic Views
 * Perspective Views
 * Coordinate Spaces in Blender
 * Overview
 * Keystroke, Button, and Menu Notation
 * Non-standard Input Devices
 * Operating System-specific Issues
 * Blender User Interface
 * Blender Windowing System
 * User Preferences Windows
 * Properties Window
 * 3D View Windows
 * Object Mode

 * Unit 2 - Basic Modeling and Shading
 * Meshes and Edit Mode
 * Normals and Shading
 * More Mesh Editing Techniques
 * Quickie Lighting
 * Quickie Model
 * Quickie Render
 * Enter the World
 * Understanding the Camera
 * Improving Your House
 * Extruding a Simple Person
 * Smoothing Your Simple Person
 * Improving Your Simple Person
 * Spinning a Simple Hat
 * Putting the Hat on the Person
 * Overview
 * Quickie Material
 * Multiple Materials per Object
 * Metal Versus Plastic
 * Texture Settings
 * Image Textures
 * Procedural Textures
 * Quickie Texture
 * Halo Materials
 * Blender Memory Management
 * Using Bones
 * Mountains out of Molehills
 * Modeling a Volcano
 * Penguins from Spheres
 * Dicing With Depth (Dice Modeling)
 * Model a Goblet
 * Model a Silver Goblet
 * Model a Silver Goblet Another Way
 * Spin a goblet
 * Light a Silver Goblet (Early look at lighting)
 * Simple Vehicle
 * Simple Vehicle: Wheel
 * Simple Vehicle: MudTires
 * Simple Vehicle: Seat
 * Simple Vehicle: Rocket Launcher
 * Simple Vehicle: Body
 * Simple Vehicle: Some Assembly Required
 * Modeling a 3D Parachute in Blender
 * Model a Low Poly Head
 * Building a House
 * Pipe joints
 * Lighting Suzanne: Introductory one lamp lighting
 * Overview
 * Intro to Bézier Curves
 * Bevelling a Curve
 * NURBS Patches
 * Deforming Meshes using the Curve Modifier
 * The Empty Object
 * Background Images
 * Aligning Vertices with a Guide Image
 * Modeling a Fox from Guide Images
 * Using Bézier Curve to Model a 3D logo from a 2D logo
 * Subsurface Scattering
 * Ray Tracing
 * Using Textures
 * Using a texture to make a material partially transparent
 * Creating Basic Seawater
 * Mountains Out Of Molehills 2
 * Basic Carpet Texture
 * The Rusty Ball
 * Creating Pixar-looking eyes
 * Procedural Eyeball
 * Putting It All Together: A Dragon!

 * Unit 3 - Broadening Horizons
 * The UV/Image Editor
 * UV Map Basics
 * Realistic Eyes In Blender
 * Beginning Lighting
 * Understanding Real Lights
 * Understanding Blender Lights
 * Basic Lighting Rigs
 * Faked Global Illumination with Blender internal
 * Practising Good Parenting
 * Overview
 * Introduction to Keyframing
 * The Ways of the Animator
 * Animation Editors
 * Introducing the Graph Editor
 * Animation Rendering
 * Lattice Modifier
 * Bouncing Ball with Lattice
 * Creating Basic Water Animation
 * Flying Through a Canyon
 * Using the Sequencer to Compile Frames into an Animation
 * Further Rendering Options
 * Overview
 * Fire
 * Fur
 * Fireworks
 * Particles forming Shapes
 * Billboard Animation
 * Soft Body Animation
 * Simple Cloth Animation
 * Soft Body with Wind
 * Blender Game Engine Basics- Rolling Ball
 * Platformer: Controls and Movement
 * Maze: Force and Multiple Levels
 * Platformer: Improving the Physics
 * How to Make an Executable
 * Build a Skybox
 * Basic Mouse Pointer
 * Text in BGE
 * Platformer: Creating the Engine with Python

 * Unit 4 - Taking Off with Advanced Tutorials
 * Introduction
 * Anatomy Of An Addon
 * A User Interface For Your Addon
 * Adding A Custom Property
 * A Separately Installable Addon
 * Object, Action, Settings
 * Overview
 * High Dynamic Range imaging (HDRi)
 * Creating a Light Probe
 * Landscape Modeling with Heightmaps
 * How to Do Procedural Landscape Modeling
 * Landscape Modeling I: Basic Terrain
 * Landscape Modeling II: Texture Stenciling
 * Landscape Modeling III: Exporting as a Heightmap
 * Bump Mapping
 * Normal Mapping
 * Texture Normals
 * Color Map Normals
 * Introduction
 * Texture Nodes
 * Material Nodes
 * Compositing
 * Further Compositing: A Portal Effect
 * Advanced Rendering
 * Introduction to Cycles
 * A Glass Material in Cycles
 * Dealing with Firefles in Cycles
 * Firefles in Cycles, Continued
 * Procedural Eyeball in Cycles
 * Introduction to Freestyle
 * Overview
 * Introduction
 * Guided Tour:
 * Armature Object
 * Armature Object in Object Mode
 * Armature Object in Edit Mode
 * Armature Object in Pose mode
 * Mesh Object
 * Connection between Armature and Mesh
 * Envelope
 * Vertex Groups & Weight Paint
 * Shape Keys
 * Lip-Sync with Shape Keys
 * Constraints
 * Copy Location
 * Copy Rotation
 * Track-To
 * Floor
 * Locked Track
 * Follow Path
 * Stretch-To
 * IK Solver
 * Timeline Window
 * IPO Window
 * Data Type
 * NLA Window
 * Introduction To NLA Editor
 * The Stride feature
 * Relative Vertex Keys
 * Working Example: Bob
 * Building the Rig
 * Deform the Mesh
 * Create a Walk Cycle
 * Working example: Piston, Rod and Crank
 * Working example: Cutting Through Steel
 * Overview
 * Advanced Game Engine Techniques (GUI)
 * Creating Pop-Up Menus
 * Creating Dropping Menus
 * The "5-Layer" Button
 * Creating Object Outlines
 * Advanced Game Engine Techniques (Python)
 * Hacking Blender
 * Introduction to Game Engine Source

 * Appendices
 * Glossary
 * Frequently Asked Questions
 * Tutorial Links List
 * Hotkeys
 * Output Formats
 * Image Portfolio
 * Blender Glossary
 * Materials Directory: Every Material Known To Man
 * Sources of free 3D models
 * All Blueprints Links
 * Materials, Textures, Photos
 * Asking for Help
 * Tips for a Successful Project
 * Modeling Realistically
 * Modeling tips
 * Cheat the 3D
 * Performance vs. Quality
 * Modeling a Gingerbread Man
 * Modeling a simple space-ship
 * GIMP)
 * Part 1 - Preparing the Scene
 * Creating Weapons based on 2D Images
 * Modeling with Meta Balls
 * Match Moving
 * Match Moving/Motion Tracking with Icarus and Blender
 * Create a Clayman
 * Organic Modeling
 * Understanding the Fluid Simulator
 * Creating a jewel in Blender
 * Modeling a picture
 * Modeling with the Spin Tool
 * Spin Tool Introduction
 * Illustrative Example: Model a Wine Glass
 * Creating Ogg-Theora movies using Blender
 * Creating animated GIFs using Blender and Gimp
 * 3D Tiling Backgrounds For The Web
 * Cool Things That Aren't That Obvious in Blender
 * Troubleshooting
 * Creating Blender Libraries
 * Add some depth with stereo
 * Ways to create a "fluffy" effect (materials and lights)
 * Human Body
 * Rendering Information
 * Using Blender Libraries
 * Beginning Modeling Final Project
 * Using Inkscape to make advanced Bezier curves
 * Light Mapping
 * Platonic Solids
 * Polygonal Modeling
 * Box Modeling
 * Illustrative example: Model a Chair (Swan Chair)
 * Model a Chair-Preparations
 * Model a Chair-The Seat
 * Model a Chair-The Feet
 * Illustrative Example: Modeling a Simple Human Character
 * Modeling a Human Character - Preparations
 * Modeling a Human Character - Modeling
 * Polygon by Polygon modeling
 * Animation Notes and FAQ
 * Customization
 * Mist - Make Objects Opaque

title: User:Cirnosu/Collections/Blender 3D


text:
User:SunderB/Draft:Modelling Solids/Debye Model

Improvement from Einstein's Model: atoms are not independent - if one atom moves it causes its neighbours to move, and so on.

Collective motion in the form of sound waves - Debye wanted to quantise sound waves like Planck had quantised light

We know that the average energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is:

$$\lang E \rang = \hbar \omega[n_B(\beta \hbar \omega)+\frac{1}{2}]$$

Sound can have many differenct frequencies or 'modes'. To get total energy, we want to sum over all of these modes:

$$E_{TOT} = \sum_{modes}(\lang E_{mode}\rang) = \sum_{modes}(\hbar \omega_{mode} [n_B(\beta \hbar \omega_{mode}+\frac{1}{2})])$$

Assumptions
$$f =\frac{v}{k} \Rarr \omega=vk$$
 * Sound has three polarisation states - atoms can move in all three spatial dimensions despite the direction of travel
 * Speed of sound is independent of polarisation - inaccurate as transverse waves are usually slower than longitudinal waves, but not much more information is gained by taking this into account
 * Speed of sound is isotropic or independent of direction
 * The solid observes a linear dispersion relation:

Number of Modes in a 1D Line
$$\psi(x) = \psi_0 \sin(kx)=\psi_0 \sin(\frac{n\pi}{L}x)$$ where n is a positive integer
 * Each mode is a standing wave
 * For standing waves with nodes at each end, the wavefunction is:

Periodic Boundary Conditions
What if the line is wrapped round into a circle?

Now the boundary condition is $\psi(x) = \psi(x+L)$. Since the wave is periodic, psi can be written in the form: $$\psi(x)=e^{ikx}$$.

$$\begin{align} \psi(x) &= \psi(x+L)\\ \therefore e^{ikx} &= e^{ik(x+L)}\\ e^{ikx} &= e^{ikx}e^{ikL}\\ \therefore 1 &= e^{ikL}\\ e^{0},e^{2\pi i},e^{4\pi i}, \dots &=e^{ikL}\\ \Rarr 0, 2\pi, 4\pi, \dots &= kL\\ \Rarr k &= \frac{2n\pi}{L} \end{align} $$We want to sum up each mode

$$\therefore \lang E \rang_{TOT} = \sum_n(\lang E_n \rang)$$

since there's a unique value k for each n, we can change this to:

$$\lang E \rang_{TOT} = \sum_k(\lang E_k \rang)$$

We can change this to an integral for large values of L by considering the no. of modes in a range of k-values.

Each mode takes up $$2\pi/L$$ in 1D k-space, therefore no. of modes between $$\pm k$$ is given by:

$$\frac{k--k}{\frac{2\pi}{L}}=\frac{2kL}{2\pi}=\frac{kL}{\pi}=\frac{L}{2\pi}\int^\infty_{-\infty}dk$$

therefore, the number of modes between $$\pm\infty = \frac{L}{2\pi}\int^\infty_{-\infty}dk$$

3D Periodic Boundary Conditions
Imagine a box where if you go a distance L in any direction, you end up at a place that looks identical to where you started. We'll ignore edge effects as we're more interested in the local conditions.

In 3D, the waves can be described in the form of exponentials with vector exponents:

$$\psi(x) = e^{i\boldsymbol{k}\cdot\boldsymbol{r}}$$

where $$\boldsymbol{k} = \begin{pmatrix} k_x\\k_y\\k_z\end{pmatrix} = \frac{2\pi}{L}\begin{pmatrix} n_x\\n_y\\n_z \end{pmatrix}$$

therefore, to sum over all modes we can use:

$$\begin{align} \text{no. of modes} &= \frac{L}{2\pi}\int\Bigl(\frac{L}{2\pi}\int(\frac{L}{2\pi}\int dk_z) dk_y\Bigr) dk_x\\ \sum_k &= \Bigl(\frac{L}{2\pi}\Bigr)^3\int\int\int dk_z dk_y dk_x\\ \sum_k &= \frac{V}{(2\pi)^3}\int d \boldsymbol{k}\\ \end{align}$$

Since sound waves have 3 polarisations, we need to triple this expression:

$$\sum_{modes} = 3\sum_k = \frac{3V}{(2\pi)^3}\int d\boldsymbol{k}$$

Converting to Spherical Polar Co-ordinates
Since we're assuming speed of sound is isotropic, then we can rewrite this expression in spherical polar co-ordinates:

$$\frac{3V}{(2\pi)^3}\int d\boldsymbol{k} = \frac{3V}{(2\pi)^3}\int^{\infty}_0 4\pi k^2 dk$$

We can then use the linear velocity dispersion relation to integrate in terms of angular frequency instead of wave number:

$$\begin{align} k &= \frac{\omega}{v}\\ \therefore \frac{dk}{d\omega} &= \frac{1}{v}\\ \therefore dk &= \frac{d\omega}{v} \end{align}$$

Substituting in the expressions for k and dk, we get:

$$\begin{align} \sum_{modes} &= \frac{3V}{(2\pi)^3}\int^{\infty}_0 4\pi \frac{\omega^2}{v^3} d\omega\\ &= \frac{12V\pi}{(2\pi)^3v^3}\int^{\infty}_0 \omega^2 d\omega \end{align}$$

The integrand here is called the density of states.

In this case $$g(\omega) = \frac{12\pi V}{(2\pi)^3v^3}\omega^2$$.

If N is defined as the number of states across all frequencies in one polarisation:

$$\therefore 3N = \int^\infty_0 g(\omega) d\omega$$

We can also write the density of states in terms of a value called the Debye frequency (we'll see where this comes from later):

$$\begin{align} \omega_D &= \sqrt[3]{6\pi^2\Bigl(\frac{N}{V}\Bigr)v^3} = \sqrt[3]{6\pi^2\rho v^3}\\ \Rarr g(\omega) &= N \frac{9\omega^2}{\omega_D^3} \end{align}$$

Getting Specific Heat Capacity
Going back to our initial expression for the total average energy, we can now write it in terms of an integral of $$\omega$$:

$$\begin{align} \lang E \rang_{TOT} &= \sum_{modes}(\hbar\omega_{mode}(n_B(\beta\hbar\omega)+\frac{1}{2}))\\ \lang E \rang_{TOT} &= \int^\infty_0 \Bigl(g(\omega) \Bigl(n_B(\beta\hbar\omega)+\frac{1}{2}\Bigr)\hbar\omega\Bigr) d\omega \end{align}$$

Note that this expression is actually incorrect! The upper limit of infinity suggests that there are an infinite number of modes, and evaluating the integral will give an infinite answer, due to the term of 1/2 - this is known as the zero-point energy problem. However, for the purpose of calculating and expression for heat capacity, it doesn't have much effect as it doesn't affect the derivative. So for now, don't worry about this - we'll come back later and fix this.

Ignoring the zero-point term, we can plug in our expression for the density of states:

$$\begin{align} \lang E \rang_{TOT} &= \int^\infty_0 \Bigl(\frac{9N\omega^2}{\omega_D^3} \Bigl(n_B(\beta\hbar\omega)+\frac{1}{2}\Bigr)\hbar\omega\Bigr) d\omega\\ &= \frac{9N\hbar}{\omega_D^3} \int^\infty_0 \omega^3 n_B(\beta\hbar\omega) d\omega\\ &= \frac{9N\hbar}{\omega_D^3} \int^\infty_0 \omega^3 \Bigl( \frac{1}{e^{\beta\hbar\omega}-1} \Bigr) d\omega \end{align}$$

Substituting $$x=\beta \hbar \omega$$:

$$\begin{align} \omega&=\frac{x}{\beta\hbar}\\ \frac{d\omega}{dx}&=\frac{1}{\beta\hbar}\\ d\omega&=\frac{dx}{\beta\hbar}\\ \therefore\left\langle E\right\rangle_{\text{TOT}}&=\frac{9N\hbar}{\omega_D^3}\int_0^{\infty}\left(\frac{x}{\beta\hbar}\right)^3\left(\frac{1}{e^x-1}\right)\frac{1}{\beta\hbar}dx\\ &=\frac{9N\hbar }{\omega _D^3\beta ^4\hbar ^4}\int _0^{\infty }\frac{x^3}{e^x-1}dx\\ \end{align}$$


text:
User:Cirnosu/Collections/BlenderUnit1

Unit 1 - Background

 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Unit 1: Knowing Before Making
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/What Blender Can Do
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/3D Geometry
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Coordinate Transformations
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Orthographic Views
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Perspective Views
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Coordinate Spaces in Blender
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/User Interface Overview
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Keystroke, Button, and Menu Notation
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Non-standard equipment
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Operating System specific notes
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Blender Interface
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Blender Windowing System
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/User Preferences Windows
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Properties Window
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/3D View Windows
 * Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Object Mode

title: User:Cirnosu/Collections/BlenderUnit1


text:
Cookbook talk:Fried Rice (Vegetarian)

Vegetarian oyster sauce?
How is oyster sauce vegetarian? 147.235.216.70 (discuss) 14:58, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Very good question, amended accordingly. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 07:47, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Fried Rice (Vegetarian)


text:
User:SunderB/Draft:Modelling Solids/Drude Model

Assumptions
$$\boldsymbol{F}=-e(\boldsymbol{E}+\boldsymbol{v}\times\boldsymbol{B})$$
 * Electrons act as classical charged particles
 * Collisions are random and elastic
 * Probability of scattering during a short period of time dt: $$\frac{\tau}{dt}$$
 * After each scattering event, the mean momentum is zero
 * Between scattering events, electrons experience the Lorentz force:

Ignored details:

 * Electrons may collide or interact with nuclei
 * Obstacles are just lumped into scattering term
 * Charge is ignored during collisions
 * Electrons are quantum particles, so elastic collisions are inaccurate!

Mathematical Description
Consider the change in momentum over dt.

What can happen during dt?

 * Scatter: $$P=\frac{dt}{\tau}$$, avg. momentum = 0
 * Not-scatter: $$P=1-\frac{dt}{\tau}$$, Lorentz force

$$\begin{align} \boldsymbol{p}(t+dt) &= \frac{dt}{\tau}\times0+(1-\frac{dt}{\tau})(\boldsymbol{p}(t)+\boldsymbol{F}dt)\\ \therefore \boldsymbol{p}(t+dt) - \boldsymbol{p}(t) &= -\frac{\boldsymbol{p}(t)}{\tau}dt + \boldsymbol{F}dt\\ \frac{\boldsymbol{p}(t+dt) - \boldsymbol{p}(t)}{dt} &= \boldsymbol{F} - \frac{\boldsymbol{p}(t)}{\tau}\\ \Rarr \frac{d\boldsymbol{p}}{dt}&=-e(\boldsymbol{E}+\boldsymbol{v}\times\boldsymbol{B})-\frac{\boldsymbol{p}(t)}{\tau} \end{align}$$

Predicting Known Relations
For the following scenarios, assume a constant E-field.


text:
User:Licey31990

Hello. Thank you for visiting my personal entry. My name is Licey31990.

title: User:Licey31990


text:
User:Licey31990/sandbox

If you have any query or question, please feel free to ask me.

title: User:Licey31990/sandbox


text:
Talk:ACT Study Guide/Math

Hypabola
maths 41.115.111.240 (discuss) 19:50, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:ACT Study Guide/Math


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft

Disclaimer
We are not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by, or in any way officially connected with Mojang Studios, or Microsoft, or any of its subsidiaries or its affiliates.

The name Minecraft as well as related names, marks, emblems and images are registered trademarks of their respective owners.

Introduction
This book, A Simple Guide to Minecraft, is about Minecraft, a 3D sandbox game by Mojang Studios, created in 2009. Its purpose is to introduce new players to basic mechanics of the game, such as crafting, building, trading, and basic redstone.

Notes: This book is not meant to be a directory of all blocks/mobs/items, as it is meant to be a simple guide to help new players. For all blocks/mobs/items, see other online resources, such as the Minecraft Wiki linked below. The content within this book only includes information about the base game, without modifications.

Before editing, please read the Manual of Style.

Important pages
 Table of Contents See all pages, and find the exact page you need  Survival Tutorials How to survive in the most common Minecraft gamemode: Survival. These tutorials also could be used for Hardcore mode  Building Tutorials Best methods to make the best builds, bases, and buildings. Learn all the tips & tricks on block palettes, gradients, build layouts, and more

Useful links
 Minecraft.net The official Minecraft website, with news, updates, information on the game  Minecraft Wiki The unofficial Minecraft Wiki, with information on every block, mob, update, and more.  Other useful books All Wikibooks on Minecraft, including detailed guides on speedrunning, resource gathering, and even creating Bedrock Add-Ons

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft


text: User talk:Cintilo

title: User talk:Cintilo


text:
User talk:200.7.90.177

--Xania   talk 01:34, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:200.7.90.177


text:
User talk:Joseph Zulu2

Hi good afternoon
I have a patient she's a stroke patient so how can you help Joseph Zulu2 (discuss • contribs) 13:30, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joseph Zulu2


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Heath & Hunger

In Minecraft, the health gauge and monitor show the player's remaining health. It consists of a row of 10 heart icons, where each heart is divided into two halves, representing one health point each. In most game modes, including Survival, Hardcore (Java Edition only), and Adventure, as well as for mobs (in-game creatures), the health meter is displayed using these hearts. Each heart represents two hit points, and when players or mobs take damage, they lose hit points. The damage can be a fraction of a heart, but anything less than 1 heart is not shown on the health bar. The maximum health points for a player are usually 20.

In Hardcore, hearts have it different texture.The Poison effect makes your hearts turn yellow while slowly damaging you, same with the Wither effect. Freezing in powder snow turns your heart icy blue.

Hunger is a player-specific feature (that doesn't apply to mobs) that affects certain abilities like health regeneration and sprinting. The player's hunger level is displayed as a hunger bar, located opposite the health bar, and consists of ten drumsticks. Each half of a drumstick represents one hunger point or half-unit of hunger, making a full bar equivalent to twenty hunger points. Hunger is replenished by eating food and decreases when the player performs actions like sprinting, digging, or attacking. The player's hunger level determines health regeneration and sprinting ability. When hunger is at 18 drumsticks, health regeneration occurs, but if it falls to 6 drumsticks, the player can no longer sprint. If the hunger bar reaches zero, the player's health starts to deplete. It's important to note that hunger does not deplete in Peaceful difficulty and regenerates if not at the maximum value.

The Hunger effect is received by eating rotten flesh, and it turns your hunger bar green/yellow. When you have the Hunger effect, your hunger depletes faster.


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User:Drqv

Daniel Ricardo Quiroga-Villamarín holds a Law degree from the Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá, Colombia) and a MA in International Law from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Geneva, Switzerland). He is pursuing his doctoral degree in International Law (with a minor in International History & Politics) at this same institution (2020-2024), with the financial support of a selective Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Doc.CH grant (2021-2024). During the fall of 2022, he was a visiting exchange student at Yale University’s Department of History and is currently teaching, as an adjunct lecturer, at the Universidad de los Andes.

title: User:Drqv


text:
User:Lebohang wana

Lebohang Wana

title: User:Lebohang wana


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Upgrading (Before 1.20)

To obtain Netherite tools and armor, you must collect the diamond tool/armor variants of what you want to upgrade, and Netherite. Netherite can be obtained from smelting Ancient Debris into Netherite Scrap. Combining four Netherite Scrap with 4 gold ingots creates one Netherite ingot. Netherite can also be found in bastion remnant loot chests. With a Smithing Table (crafted with four planks and two iron), put your diamond tool/armor and combine it with Netherite ingots to create Netherite variants of the tools and armors in the game.


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Category:Book:Simple Guide to Minecraft

This book, 'A Simple Guide to Minecraft', is about Minecraft, a 3d sandbox game by Mojang Studios, created in 2009. Its purpose is to introduce new players to basic mechanics of the game, such as crafting, building, trading, and basic redstone.

title: Category:Book:Simple Guide to Minecraft


text:
Talk:Department:Mathematics

Mathematics
I love mathematics Lithemba phawoluhle (discuss • contribs) 17:39, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

 * i also love mathematics Lithemba phawoluhle (discuss • contribs) 17:41, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

Mathematics
Simaltenius 41.114.71.109 (discuss) 02:48, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Department:Mathematics


text:
User:Cintilo

Hello, I'm Cintilo! If you play Minecraft, please consider helping with the Simple Guide to Minecraft.

title: User:Cintilo


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Cookbook:Strawberry Italian Ice

Ingredients

 * 1 pint fresh strawberries, trimmed
 * ¼ cup superfine sugar
 * 2 tsp fresh lemon juice
 * 2 cups (about 11 ea.) ice cubes

Procedure

 * 1) Put a 9–10-inch metal cake pan in the freezer.
 * 2) In a blender, blend the strawberries, sugar, and lemon juice until the mixture is smooth and the sugar is dissolved.
 * 3) Add the ice cubes, blend the mixture until it is smooth, and pour it into the cold pan. Freeze the mixture for 30–40 minutes, or until it is frozen around the edge, but still soft in the center.
 * 4) Stir the strawberry ice, mashing the frozen parts with a fork, and spoon it into 2 bowls.

title: Cookbook:Strawberry Italian Ice


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Adventure

Adventure mode is the same as Survival, except the player can only break blocks with tools with the  NBT tag and place blocks with the   NBT tag. It is often used in player made maps to prevent griefing.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/Adventure


text:
Talk:Simple Guide to Minecraft

Todo

 * Create pages for everything linked in Table of Contents
 * Start working on tutorials

Cintilo (discuss • contribs) 19:26, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simple Guide to Minecraft


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Table of Contents

= All pages: =

Main pages

 * Main page
 * Manual of Style
 * Table of Contents (this page)
 * Survival Tutorials
 * Building Tutorials

Gamemodes

 * Survival
 * Hardcore
 * Creative
 * Adventure
 * Spectator
 * Note on Difficulty Levels

Mechanics

 * Heath & Hunger
 * Crafting
 * Smelting & Cooking
 * Upgrading (Before 1.20)
 * Upgrading (After 1.20)
 * Enchanting
 * Villager Trading
 * Villager Trading (Expermental)
 * Brewing
 * Archaeology
 * Redstone
 * PvP & Combat (Before 1.9)
 * PvP & Combat (After 1.9)
 * Armor Trims
 * Potions & Effects
 * Trial Chambers (Experimental)

The Overworld

 * Structures
 * Mobs
 * Loot
 * Biomes

Nether

 * Structures
 * Mobs
 * Loot
 * Biomes

The End

 * The Enderdragon
 * Structures
 * Mobs
 * Loot
 * Biomes

Other

 * Building
 * Speedrunning
 * Updates & Snapshots
 * Controls
 * Minecraft Wiki
 * Glossary
 * Note on Java & Bedrock differences

Templates

 * Template:Simple Guide to Minecraft/Wiki


text:
User:Joschtony/sandbox/nolink

Inspiring teacher, Mr George Johnston, for helping in the truth of the light in for goodness sake. Thus to be an expansion of now termed "nolink." Place holders help the thinking process of "heart & soul," now a resource in this need, of a real true picture of an honestly inspiring teacher. Oh, yes, for the need of justly peace-keeping in rights impartial from the Creator, thank Goodness of the Eternal God. Good today of days, in hopes of the Omniscient One, someday finds it a good thing to tell Mr. Johnston how much I appreciated him as a person, not just a teacher. The fini of a new beginning, the end, for now.…《………》 In the idea of the literal, for goodness sake, there happened one of teachers, pictured, he had an honesty, an English instructor, someone of character knowing expository pen-person-ship, and did love to teach, that's my report of rapport. No nonsense by gifts used in communication, yet, nary ever a "put-down" that I recall, subsequent to that class, loved to talk to him, in the hall. Oh, shhh, once excited to have drawn a 3-d perspective, of content? oh, a carefully drawn stage, and ... ok, ok, I had other classes, the world on my shoulders, idiomatically speaking, no pun intended, - as soon as I heard? ok, "ladder" I knew it, yes, I forgot in rush of other needs, yes, indeed, to draw the ladder for "Our Town" the subject at hand. The "Elmer's Glue" fix up, had a good idea to be, however, its a long honor code waters under the bridge, for a true teacher, Mr. George Johnston, who loved to teach,

for helping inspire, the entry of typed out book(s), to reach. 23:58, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: User:Joschtony/sandbox/nolink


text:
User:Cintilo/sandbox

if your looking at this...

why?

title: User:Cintilo/sandbox


text:
User talk:Joschtony/sandbox/Policy and Guidelines

Courtesy of Wiki systems, help on code of honor conduct of communication links.
In thanksgiving for need, beyond the human condition of goodness sake of sojourn of communication,it can be conducive to provide resource to help in being honorable in concern of influences of use of semantics in language(s). True in fact, the need of "FAQ" that is frequently asked questions, and the need of a code of conduct is human needs, under rights impartially given by the Creator. Thereby, for my book development, courtesy of WikiBooks, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_civil http://en.wikibooks.org;- it does be a good thing to up front report the relationship of need of code of conduct, please in prudent needs and concerns and interests, thank you for your time.

 * note, this is namespace for Joschtony's user talk.--Joschtony (discuss • contribs) 03:09, 4 June 2023 (UTC)


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Talk:Estonian/Lesson 1

"Rough pronunciation guide" examples don't match (General American) IPA
The examples given (car, net, pink, sock, put) are pretty accurate for their respective IPA vowels according to my understanding of Received Pronunciation, but in General American English, I'd transcribe each as follows:

car - /kɑɹ/

net - /nɛʔ/

pink - /pɪŋkʰ/

sock - /sɑkʰ/

put - /pʊʔ/

For the IPA given, a better set of five examples for General American English is "car", "save", "keep", "boat", and "moon". (Though /o/ doesn't exist in American English, so a comparison to Spanish or Japanese may be useful.) Daemok (discuss • contribs) 00:23, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Estonian/Lesson 1


text:
Cookbook:Meringata di Frutta in Coppa (Meringue with Fruit and Cream)

A quick and easy meringata is made as follows:

Ingredients

 * Vanilla pastry cream, home-made or store-bought, as needed
 * Any fruit of choice or a mixture, as needed
 * Crème chantilly, as needed
 * Crumbled meringue cookies, as needed
 * Fresh mint or basil
 * Raspberry coulis or other topping of choice

Procedure

 * 1) Spoon a few tablespoons of vanilla cream into the bottom of a martini or parfait glass.
 * 2) Cover the custard with your fruit of choice, leaving enough room for the topping.
 * 3) Cover the fruit with crème chantilly, and sprinkle crumbled meringue chips on top.
 * 4) Serve with a sprig of mint or basil and drizzle with raspberry coulis.


text:
Cookbook:Meringata with Ginger and Cream

Ingredients

 * 1 container store-bought or homemade meringue cookies
 * 1 cup preserved ginger, chopped
 * 2 cups heavy cream
 * 4 tbsp powdered sugar
 * 1 lemon, zested and juiced

Procedure

 * 1) Strain the lemon juice and mix with the zest.
 * 2) Mix the juice and zest with the heavy cream.
 * 3) Whip the cream to soft peaks.
 * 4) Fold in the powdered sugar.
 * 5) Mix the ginger into the cream.
 * 6) Crumble the meringues and mix into the cream. Do this just before serving.
 * 7) Serve immediately, otherwise the meringue will dissolve in the cream over time.


text:
Cookbook:Meringue Cookies II

Ingredients

 * French meringue or Swiss meringue, as needed

Procedure

 * 1) Using a pastry bag, pipe the meringue into the desired shapes on parchment paper or a silicone mat.
 * 2) Bake at 200–225°F (100°C) until crisp but not browned. This should take 1–3 hours depending on the size.
 * 3) Cool before peeling off the parchment paper.

title: Cookbook:Meringue Cookies II


text: Category:Raspberry recipes

title: Category:Raspberry recipes


text:
History of the World/What is History?

In the concept of history, it may have occurred to you to say (why should we study history?)

With this question, we get the answer that history is a lesson for learning and advice.

The exact meaning of history is as follows:

History is full of stories. It is caused by chaos or order or events that occur. By determining and recognizing time and ordering it, we can seek to understand the past in "facts". And from these stories we hope to be able to explain our decisions and our processes that are formed in our being. It can even be possible for us to have models and lessons that are a way to guide ourselves, our answers and we can distill today's challenges. History is the study of people, actions, decisions, interactions and behaviors. It is so persuasive because it depicts themes that reveal the human condition in all its guises and resonate through time: strength, weakness, corruption, tragedy, triumph...these themes are nowhere to be found. are not It is not clearer than political history, it is still the core. This is the field and the most important approaches to the study of history. However, political history has become out of fashion and subsequently discredited and wrongly demonized as obsolete and irrelevant. The result has been that the usefulness of ordering, explaining and distilling past lessons has been significantly removed.

The science of history can be in the form of wonderful stories that instruct us and study the history of people, a new narrative that is full of great characters and stories of turmoil and chaos where it is defeat or victory. Each generation adds its own chapters to history and reinterprets and finds new things in the same chapters already written.

In addition to giving advice, the science of history also gives us a sense of identity. By understanding (where do we come from? Who do we belong to?), with this question and research in the past, we can better understand who we are and where we came from. History in every field provides for our life and our existence. It helps us understand how things are and how we might approach the future.

History teaches us what it means to be human and highlights the great achievements and catastrophic mistakes of the human race. History also teaches us by example and gives us pointers on how to better organize and manage our societies for the benefit of all.

title: History of the World/What is History?


text: Category:Boolean, register, and condition testing templates


text: Category:Character-substitution templates


text: Category:Color conversion templates

title: Category:Color conversion templates


text: Category:Color templates

title: Category:Color templates


text:
Category:Bar recipes

Recipes for dessert bars and squares.

title: Category:Bar recipes


text:
Category:Cupcake recipes

Recipes for cupcakes.

title: Category:Cupcake recipes


text:
Category:Frozen dessert recipes

Recipes for frozen desserts.

title: Category:Frozen dessert recipes


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Upgrading (After 1.20)

To obtain Netherite tools and armor, you must collect the diamond tool/armor variants of what you want to upgrade, Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates, and Netherite. Netherite can be obtained from smelting Ancient Debris into Netherite Scrap. Combining four Netherite Scrap with 4 gold ingots creates one Netherite ingot. Netherite can also be found in bastion remnant loot chests. Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates can be found in bastion remnants (guaranteed in treasure bastions).

With a Smithing Table (crafted with four planks and two iron), put your diamond tool/armor and combine it with Netherite ingots and Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates to create Netherite variants of the tools and armors in the game.


text:
Cookbook:Chocolate Milkshake

Ingredients

 * 3 cups vanilla ice cream
 * 1 cup chocolate milk
 * 2–3 heaping tablespoons chocolate powder

 * 2 medium-sized chocolates

Procedure

 * 1) Pour all ingredients into the blender and blend until well mixed.
 * 2) Adjust the consistency as desired with ice cream and chocolate milk.
 * 3) Stir in crushed Oreo cookies if desired.

title: Cookbook:Chocolate Milkshake


text:
Cookbook:Super Foamy Milkshake

The Super Foamy is a highly viscous milkshake with a smooth, airy texture. It is low-fat and, for a shake, high-fiber. Best of it all, due to its thickness it's easy to eat one's fill on a single portion. With the prototype recipe provided here, variations can be made by adding different flavors such as vanilla, banana or strawberry.

Ingredients

 * 1 teaspoon (2 grams) locust bean gum powder
 * 1 tablespoon (10 grams) inulin powder
 * 2 tablespoons (10 grams) sweet whey powder
 * 200 ml skimmed milk

Procedure

 * 1) Mix the locust bean gum powder, inulin powder, and sweet whey powder together.
 * 2) Add the resulting powder to the skimmed milk.
 * 3) Using an electric mixer, whip for 2 minutes until the product has turned to a fine foam. While whipping, move the whisks up and down so that air gets whipped into the shake.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Add the syrup or flavor of your desire.
 * Any sources of fat must be excluded for the foam to build up. Therefore, the milk must be very low fat. When using cocoa powder for creating a chocolate milkshake, do not use the mixer to spread the flavor—use a spoon instead, as the fat in the powder could cause the foam to collapse.
 * Artificial sugar substitutes are best for giving the shake a sweet taste.
 * One serving equals approximately 700 ml in volume and 104 kcal in energy.
 * The locust bean gum acts as the thickening agent, and the inulin gives the shake a smooth, "mouthful" texture.
 * The sweet whey powder (along with the milk) acts as the component producing the foam. Whey drink powders are readily available on the market. They contain around 95% sweet whey powder with flavor and sweeteners added. They can be used to substitute the pure sweet whey powder. You can also use a fresh egg white from a medium sized egg.

title: Cookbook:Super Foamy Milkshake


text:
Cookbook:Banana Milkshake

Ingredients

 * 1 large or 2 small bananas
 * Vanilla ice cream
 * Milk
 * Sugar
 * Ground cinnamon (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Blend the banana, ice cream, sugar, and milk as desired until smooth and creamy.
 * 2) If desired, add a pinch of cinnamon.

title: Cookbook:Banana Milkshake


text:
Cookbook:Oreo Milkshake

Ingredients

 * 2 cups (500 ml / 17 oz) vanilla ice cream
 * 1 cup (250 ml / 8.5 oz) milk
 * About 6–8 Oreo cookies, crushed

Procedure

 * 1) Put ice cream in a cup and add a little milk (for thicker) or more milk (for less thick).
 * 2) Mix with a spoon until smooth. If your cup is not filled to your desire add more ice cream and milk.
 * 3) Stir in oreos until thoroughly mixed in.
 * 4) Add anything else to the top such as "magic shell" sauce or whipped cream and sprinkles

title: Cookbook:Oreo Milkshake


text:
Cookbook:Vanilla Ice Cream (Custard-Based)

Ingredients

 * 500 ml (2⅛ cups) full-fat milk
 * 5 oz (140 g) caster sugar
 * A few drops of vanilla essence
 * 150 ml (⅔ cup) double cream
 * 6 egg yolks

Procedure

 * 1) Pour milk into a pot with vanilla and bring almost to a boil.
 * 2) Beat together the egg yolks and sugar.
 * 3) Pour some of the milk into the egg mixture, whisking constantly.
 * 4) Pour egg and milk mix back into the pot, still whisking. Heat gently until thickened.
 * 5) Pour into a bowl and place in sink half-filled with cold water to cool.
 * 6) Stir occasionally, then chill in the fridge.
 * 7) Whip the cream and fold into the mix.
 * 8) Pour into an ice cream machine. Prepare as per your ice cream machine's instructions. Alternately, freeze in tub for 3 hours. Every hour, whisk the ice cream to stop ice crystals from forming.


text:
User:Joschtony/sandbox/place holder one

[*] ''' https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Life_of_refreshed_breathing.png
 * _
 * == Please note that this a placeholder to develop a book. ==
 * Thankfully the Creator Granted rights include revision, in that the learning curve, of had been recently informed to take down prose fiction development,  thereby the had been in place of User Joschtony namespace of sandbox of "place holder one," is for a book of essays, this is in compliance to rules of wikibooks in drafting.

* notice 08/18/2023 at 09:34 The is a placeholder, to develop fact checked Creator Granted rights are impartial,

a book of essays in that, thereby;-

There being that rights from The Creator are not ethically nor legally alienated by suppression long before 1776 in years since reference point year zero, this being true in fact.

Once source to be cited as a current decided goal, is at this online link source, ( https://apnews.com/article/humanoid-robots-better-leaders-ai-geneva The title of that article is as follows, "UN tech agency rolls out human-looking robots for questions at a Geneva news conference" published on, Published 8:23 AM EDT, July 7, 2023. The article begins by, "BERLIN (AP) — A United Nations technology agency assembled a group of robots that physically resembled humans at a news conference Friday, inviting reporters to ask them questions in an event meant to spark discussion about the future of artificial intelligence."

How is this related to basic Creator Granted rights? The ethics of nudges of human behavior expertise has been reported in an abstract titlled, "The Ethics of Nudging," at online source link as follows, ( The Ethics of Nudging (yale.edu), In one quote, ie, " "Finally, nudges should not, and need not, compromise individual dignity, which many nudges actually promote. There is, however, a genuine risk that some nudges might count as manipulation; an emphasis on welfare, autonomy, and dignity helps to show how to avoid that risk." - There has been deep concern regarding the dignity of the individual human being person, each someone in regard to "genuine risk that some nudges might count as manipulation;" - thereby;- The impartial rights from the Creator do have direct correlation to "user experience" by programmed not sentient no consciousness AI in that the faux realism of being interactive conversation has a huge human behavior expertise reality of a lure of the pre-programmed perspectives on the end user of such not sentient no consciousness natural language linguistics programmed AI. This has constatations in immersive tech, in that driving simulators or flight simulators, even sound and video of computer aided graphics gaming is one thing. However, in the history of humanity, those who orchestrate in that they have the power, prestige and influence to steer by their perspective is self evident in history of just the 20th century. How? Those who comply regardless of keep in steered parameters, at least any perspective that is public, either considered by the steered normative as not a threat to compliance, or just follow the normative for needs of spirituality and/or earthly needs, - just do not "make waves." Does this seem impossible considering the self evident history? In the Peoples Republic of China, folk recognized by being in the normative have social quality points. Once source is as follows, [ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-008-9250-7 [ "Normative Life Satisfaction in Chinese Societies"]]

One quote of the abstract just cited, "Normative Life Satisfaction in Chinese Societies" in a few sentences it is self evident the intention as been to steer societies, is as follows,

Thereby,

By the fact that I live and breath in my human spirit needing my cell respiration, and for some reason my own picture does not show up yet,

this place holder is set for the following.

This will be a place holder of a book of my files stored on usb drives, and fact checked sources, in a perspective on not sentient no consciousness AI, in that artificial intelligence can only be partly reliable such is the reliability of Grammarly, for example.

<>
 * User:Joschtony/sandbox

_________________________________

title: User:Joschtony/sandbox/place holder one


text:
User talk:2001:16A2:E04D:1897:9D35:747:CE60:7F2E

 2001:16A2:E04D:1897:9D35:747:CE60:7F2E (discuss) 20:16, 3 June 2023 (UTC)


text:
More C++ Idioms/Thread-safe Copy-on-write

= Thread-safe Copy-on-write =

Intent
Allow objects to be quickly accessed in a concurrent safe manner without necessary copying, preferably without locks.

Motivation
Many applications allow for configuration changes in runtime but concurrently applying changes to the system requires fast synchronization primitives. Ubiquitous mutual exclusion that might block the executing thread is not a viable solution for latency sensitive applications like game engines. This idiom is an alternative to popular mutual exclusion in situation where reads are common and writes are rare. The reading path is fast and never blocks but incremental writes might require mutual exclusion.

Details
This implementation relies on a fact that library folly provides lock free atomic shared pointer. Not all libraries provide lock free smart pointer, even if atomic specialization is available. Namely c++ standard library does not provide lock free atomic pointers. Following code would not evaluate to true.


text:
User talk:154.81.211.239

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 01:42, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:154.81.211.239


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Survival Tutorials

= Simple Beginner's Tutorial = This tutorial will show you how to spend your first few days. Note: This tutorial is referring to in-game days, which are 20 minutes each.

Day One: Getting Started
The most important thing to do on your first day is to collect wood, basic tools, and a bed. Break trees to collect logs, which you can then craft into planks using the 2x2 Crafting Grid in your inventory. Then fill the crafting grid with planks to create a crafting table. Use your remaining wood to craft sticks and a Wooden Pickaxe. Use the pickaxe to collect stone, then craft stone tools. Whenever you're confused on how to craft things, which takes time to remember the many things to craft, the green recipe book can help. Spend the rest of the collecting food, whatever coal or Iron you see when mining, and building a base. Remember to make a bed (Out of 3 planks and 3 wool, which you can get from a sheep.) To set your respawn point and skip the night. If you're unable to get a bed, you can go mining underground while you wait for daytime to come. Remember to watch your back for mobs (A.K.A. monsters) and other dangers, such as a high height, or perhaps a friend you're playing with.

Day Two: Resource Expansion and Exploration
On the second day in Minecraft, focus on expanding your resources and exploring the world. Collect more wood and stone to fuel your progress and craft a Furnace for smelting ores. Venture into caves or dig underground to find valuable resources like coal, iron, and diamonds. Set up a farm for a sustainable food supply and breed animals. Enhance your base by adding rooms, storage areas, and defensive measures. Continuously explore the world to discover new biomes, structures, and treasures. Lastly, gather resources and fortify your base to prepare for the night. By expanding your resource collection, exploring caves, farming, and fortifying your base, you'll be well-prepared for the challenges that lie ahead in the Minecraft universe.

Days Three, Four, & Five: Enchanting and Advanced Exploration
On your next three days in Minecraft, shift your focus towards enchanting and advanced exploration. Begin by setting up an enchanting table to gain access to powerful enchantments for your tools and armor. Gather the necessary resources like obsidian, diamonds, and books to craft the enchanting table. Explore the world further, seeking out rare biomes, structures, and dungeons. Look for villages to trade with villagers and discover valuable loot. Consider venturing into strongholds or nether fortresses for more challenging encounters and unique rewards. Continue expanding your base, adding more functional areas and aesthetic touches. Experiment with redstone to create automated systems and contraptions. By delving into enchanting, advanced exploration, and base expansion, you'll unlock new possibilities and delve deeper into the intricacies of Minecraft's vast and dynamic world.

Conclusion: General Goals and Guidelines
As you progress beyond the third day in Minecraft, there are several general goals and guidelines to keep in mind for a successful playthrough. First and foremost, continue your exploration of the vast and diverse world, uncovering new biomes, structures, and hidden treasures. Embrace your adventurous spirit and seek out unique encounters and rare resources.

Another crucial aspect is the expansion and improvement of your base. Take the time to enhance your base, adding functional areas, aesthetic elements, and defensive measures. Create storage systems, farms, and automated redstone contraptions to streamline your gameplay experience.

The best way to want to keep yourself from getting bored in your world is to make sure you are happy with how it looks. If your world isn't nice to look at, you won't have as much fun playing in it. If an area looks empty, just build something there. It could be a bush, a tree, a signpost, a bridge, anything.

Acquiring valuable resources is essential for your progression. Seek out diamonds, emeralds, and rare enchanting books to craft powerful tools and armor. These resources will empower you to tackle more challenging adventures and overcome formidable obstacles.

Set your sights on locating and conquering strongholds to retrieve ender pearls and activate the End Portal. Prepare yourself for a climactic battle against the fearsome Ender Dragon in the End dimension.

Delve into the intricacies of redstone and experiment with creating complex contraptions, automated farms, and interactive mechanisms. Push the boundaries of creativity and engineering in Minecraft, mastering the art of redstone.

Consider engaging in multiplayer and collaborative projects, joining servers or inviting friends to play together. Collaborate on ambitious projects, engage in trading, and experience the social aspect of Minecraft.

Remember, Minecraft offers a boundless world of possibilities. Set your own goals, embrace creativity, and enjoy the journey as you shape and explore your unique Minecraft world.

=Skilled survival guide= This version gets you farther, faster, but requires practise and/or knowledge, and is considered more of a pro-strat.

Getting started
Your first task is to get wood. Get around 5 - 8 logs. Craft a wooden pickaxe and immediately mine stone until you have 5 cobblestone. Then craft a stone pickaxe and stone sword. Kill pigs and cows to get food. If you jump, and hit the mob as you are falling, you will do a critical hit, indicated by the star particles. A critical hit with a stone sword (stone axe on java edition) can kill a pig or cow in 1-2 hits. Aim go get around half a stack of raw food.

Go underground and dig straight down in a two by one hole. In this way, if you stand between both blocks, you can see what's below you and avoid faling into lava. If you see any coal or iron ore, mine it. Your goal is to go to y = -40 (or y = 6 pre-caves and cliffs). Then craft two furnaces and smelt your iron and some food. Strip mine for about a minute, then return to your furnace and get your iron ingots and food.

Craft an iron pickaxe and continue to strip mine. Remember to mine and gold or lapis. Iron can also help. Once you get 3 diamonds, craft a diamond pickaxe. Diamonds are easy to find in caves, but they are also quite dangerous if you don't have any armour.

Enchanting
Continue mining for diamonds until you get 2 more, then return to your furnaces to grab the iron. Make a bucket and go back to the surface.

Fill your bucket with water and look for sugarcane. If you see any horses, donkeys, llamas, or cows, kill them for leather. If you see a pool of lava, pour your water bucket over it and mine 4 pieces of obsidian.

Once you have some sugarcane, plant it. You will need a lot of it. This is when you should build a house, make a farm, ect. A cow farm would be a good idea.

Once you have 2 stacks of sugarcane and 56 leather, craft all the paper you can, make 56 books, then an enchantment table. Craft bookshelves until you have 15. Then place all 15 bookshelves an a square around the enchantment table.

Keep crafting and enchanting iron pickaxes until one you have has fortune 2 or fortune 3. Now you can return to the mine and look for diamonds. Only mine diamonds with the fortune pickaxe, use any other pickaxe when mining other blocks.

Once you have around 30 diamonds, go back to your enchantment table and craft a diamond sword, axe, and full diamond armour. You can either enchant your gear now, or trade with librarian villagers for good enchanted books like unbreaking and mending.

Try to avoid thorns for your armour, since this can make it break faster, and will make it a pain if trying to capture a hostile mob, like a zombie or piglin, since the thorns will draw their aggro onto you. Also knockback can be annoying when dealing with skeletons, evokers, pillagers, blazes, and other ranged mobs, since the strategy with ranged mobs is to get close to them, and knockback makes that almost impossible.

= Speedrunning Tutorial = This tutorial will show strategies to beat the Enderdragon quickly.

For a overview on speedrunning, see Simple Guide to Minecraft/Speedrunning. The Wikibook Minecraft Speedrunning is also useful for a more in-detail guide.


text:
Noli Me Tangere/III: The Dinner

𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐈 𝐌𝐄 𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐎𝐃 𝐊𝐀𝐁𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐀 𝟑: 𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐔𝐍𝐀𝐍

Sa hapag-kainan, ang mga panauhin ay may kanya-kanyang kilos at nadarama na kung panonorin ay parang isang komedya.

Si Padre Sibyla na nasisiyahan ay kabaligtaran naman ni Padre Damaso na walang pakundangan kung makapagdabog at natamaan pa ang isang kadete.

Ito naman ay hindi pinansin ng Tinyente, sa halip ay masusi nitong pinagmasdan ang kulot na buhok ni Donya Victorina. Hindi niya namalayan na natapakan na niya ang kola ng saya ng Donya na ikinainis naman nito.

Samantala, ang ibang mga bisita naman ay may kanya-kanyang usapan at papuri sa masarap na handa ng Kapitan.

Dahil sa ang hapunan ay para sa pagsalubong sa binatang si Ibarra, karapat-dapat naman na siya ay maupo sa kabisera. Ang dalawang pari naman ay nagtalo kung sino ang dapat maupo sa kabilang dulo ng kabisera.

Ani Padre Damaso, si Padre Sibyla ang dapat maupo sa dulo ng kabisera dahil siya ang kura sa lugar na iyon. Bagay naman na sinalungat ni Padre Sybila dahil ayon sa kanya, si Padre Damaso ang padre kumpesor ng pamilya ni Kapitan Tiyago.

Sa kalaunan, inalok ni Padre Sybila ang upuan sa Tinyente na agad naman nitong tinanggihan. Tumanggi rin si Kapitan Tiyago ng siya namang inanyayahan ni Ibarra.

Nang ihain ang pagkain ay ‘di sinasadyang mapunta ang hindi masasarap na bahagi ng manok kay Padre Damaso. Lalo itong nag-alburoto dahil mga leeg at pakpak ang laman ng kanyang tinola. Lingid sa kaalaman ng pari, ang espesyal na tinola ay para lamang kay Ibarra.

Sa kainan ay nagbahagi ng kanyang buhay ang binata tulad ng pag-aaral nito sa Europa ng pitong taon, ang pagpunta niya sa iba’t ibang bansa at pag-aaral niya ng kasaysayan, ang pagsasalita ng iba’t ibang wika, ang ‘di nito paglimot sa kanyang bayan sa kabila ng kaunlarang namasdan sa ibang bansa, maging ang hindi pagkaka-alam sa tunay na dahilan na nangyari sa kanyang ama.

Dahil dito, nakumpirma ang hinala ng Tinyente na wala ngang alam ang binata sa nangyari sa ama nito.

Naikwento rin ni Ibarra na sa kanyang mga bansang napuntahan, iisang antas lamang ang kabuhayan, pulitika at relihiyong tinatamasa doon. Ito ay sa kadahilanang pinahihintulutan ito ng sarili nilang kalayaan at kakayanang pamahalaan ang kanilang sariling bansa.

Agad namang binatikos at ininsulto ni Padre Damaso ang binata na ayon sa kanya ay kahit paslit ay kaya itong matutunan. Dagdag pa ng pari, ang pagpunta diumano ni Ibarra sa Europa ay maliwanag na pag-aksaya ng salapi.

Magalang na tinanggap ni Ibarra ang sinabi ng pari. Binanggit na lamang ng binata ang mga ala-ala niya tungkol kay Padre Damaso na ayon sa kanya ay karaniwan nang kasalo sa kanilang hapag-kainan at malapit din na kaibigan ng kanyang ama.

Hindi na nakakibo ang pari dahil sa mga naging kaganapan sa pagitan nila ng ama ni Ibarra.

Samantala, matapos ang pagtitipon ay maagang nagpaalam si Ibarra kaya’t hindi sila nagkita ni Maria Clara, anak na dalaga ni Kapitan Tiyago. Nagpatuloy pa rin sa pag-alipusta si Padre Damaso kay Ibarra.

Ang obserbasyon ng binata noong gabing iyon ay kanya namang isinulat sa pahayagan ng Estudios Coloniales.

𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐀𝐍

Kabisera – panguluhan Kabisote – magpasaulo ng nagbabasa Kapalaluan – kayabangan Maluwalhati – maligaya Naibulalas – nasambit Nasasalamin – nakikita Pabalat-bunga – nabanggit Pautal-utal – paputol-putol Tumungga – uminom

title: Noli Me Tangere/III: The Dinner


text:
User:Sammy2012/sandbox

Selfish is a series of card games published by the company Ridley's Games. The series began with Space Edition in 2018, and currently consists of six editions. These editions are themed around a certain concept or intellectual property, but the overall goal is the same - the players must aim to complete a goal whilst preventing the others from doing the same, and aiming to keep their supply of certain resource from running out to avoid elimination.

This wikibook will detail how to play the Selfish games.

 * Space Edition
 * Zombie Edition
 * Star Wars Edition
 * Disney Villains Edition
 * Marvel Edition
 * Shipwrecked Edition

= Shipwrecked Edition = Selfish: Shipwrecked Edition, released in 2023, is, as of the time of this writing, the most recent game in the Selfish lineup.

This version casts the players as castaways on the Isle of No Return, where all doesn't seem above board. Players will need to escape the island and swim six spaces to the safety of the rescue raft - but with rations running low and the sharks hungry, that's easier said than done. As the players swim to the raft they must navigate and outwit trecharous shark-infested waters, violent hurricanes, colossal sea monsters - and worst of all, each other - to try and get to the raft first.

The goal of the game is to be either the first player to reach the raft, or the last player left swimming when all others have perished.

Game Equipment
The game comes with the following equipment:

 * Five Castaway cards. These represent the playable characters - all of them play identically.
 * Two waypoint strips - these are long pieces of paper with ocean illustrations, and beach at one end. They provide a guide to movement during gameplay.
 * 42 Ocean cards. These are played onto the field as players move and provide effects that and help or harm the players.
 * The Ocean deck contains two Shark cards, which move during gameplay and can devour rations and players.
 * 78 Game cards. These provide with players with actions to perform on their turn.
 * Included in the Game cards are 48 Ration cards - 38 single, ten double. These are Shipwrecked Edition's critical resource - if a player runs out of rations and cannot play any when required, that player dies and is out of the game.
 * One Raft card. This card is the goal.

Setup
To prepare the game:

 * Each player selects a Castaway card. The selected Castaway cards are lined up in a horizontal line.
 * The two waypoint strips are placed on either side of the Castaway cards, beach end down.
 * The Raft card is placed in the centre of the playing field, just above the waypoint strips.
 * From the Game deck five Ration cards - four single, one double - are dealt to each player.
 * The remaining Game cards are shuffled and laid face down next to the playing field as a draw pile, leaving room for a discard pile.
 * The two Shark cards are separated from the Ocean deck and placed face up near the Game deck.
 * The rest of the Ocean cards are shufled and laid face down as another draw pile, again leaving room for a discard pile.
 * One player is selected to take the first turn, then play proceeds clockwise.

Basic Gameplay
Each player's turn is divided into three steps, as follows:

Step One: Draw a Game Card
The player draws a Game card from the draw pile and adds it to their hand. If the Game draw pile runs out, reshuffle the discard pile into a new draw pile.

Step Two: Play an Action Card
In this step the player may play Action cards from their hand as they like. Action cars have dark strips at the top and bottom, and have instructions for effects that will help that player. To play an Action card, the player follows the instructions written on the bottom of the card, then placed the card into the Game card discard pile. A player may play as many Action cards from their hand as they like during their turn.

Step Three: Float or Swim
In this step the player must decide whether they want to float and stay where they are, or swim one space towards the raft.

If the player decides to float, they must discard one Ration card and leave their Castaway card where it is.

If they decide to swim, the player must discard two Ration cards and move their Castaway card one space forward. Next the player must draw an Ocean card from the Ocean draw pile and place it face up in the space their Castaway card just vacated. They then follow the instructions on the Ocean card, which can have either positive or negative effects. If the Ocean card features a shark icon, the shark moves (explained in the next section).

If a player is moved backwards into a space occupied by an Ocean card, the Ocean card is discarded. A new Ocean card will replace it when the player again moves forward from that space.

A player can also be moved by an Action card, following the same rules.

If a player is in the unfortunate situation where they have to play a Ration card, but do not have any on hand, that player dies and is out of the game. They must discard all of their Game cards, and then flip over their Castaway card to reveal their waterlogged corpse on the back. From then on, that player's turn will be skipped.

Sharks
Let's face it - this couldn't be a castaway-themed game without hungry sharks prowling the waters.

Around half of the cards in the Ocean deck have a shark icon in the top-right corner, which depcits a white shark fin on a red circle. When an Ocean card with a shark icon is drawn for the first time in the game, one of the two Shark cards will be placed directly behind the player that drew said card. The shark does not move - this turn.

The second shark can only be added to the game if the "Feeding Frenzy" Ocean card is drawn whilst a shark is already in play.

Shark Movement
If a shark icon Ocean card is drawn whilst a shark is already in play, the shark moves, according to the following instructions:

 * Every player selects one of the Game cards in their hand.
 * These Game cards are then flipped over, one at a time. Each of the Game cards has a compass pointing in one of four directions - north, east, south or west.
 * As each card is revealed, the shark moves one space in that direction, even if the space does not have an Ocean card. If the shark cannot move any further in a specied direction, that movement is disregarded.
 * Once the movement is complete, the Game cards used are discarded.

Caught by a Shark
If at any point during its movement the shark lands on a Castaway card, that player must immediately discard one Ration card to avoid being eaten by the shark. If either shark eats some rations, their movement ends even if there are cards left to move by.

If a player moves onto a shark, whether by disvcarding rations or by another player, they must also discard one Ration or get eaten. The shark will remain in that soace until its next move.

If a player does not have any Rations on hand to feed the shark, the shark devours them and they are out of the game.

Winning the Game
The winner of the game is either the first player to swim six spaces and reach the Raft card, or the last player left swimming after everyone else dies.

Ocean Cards
Excluding the Shark cards there are forty Ocean cards, with the following effects:

Action Cards
There are 30 Action cards in the Game deck, with the following effects:

title: User:Sammy2012/sandbox


text:
Axis & Allies

Axis and Allies is a series of World War II-themed grand strategy games published by Milton Bradley. The first game in the series was released in 1981, and several different versions and spinoffs of the game have been released since then. This book will detail the rulesets for some of the games in the Axis and Allies series.

This is a collaborative book to which anyone can contribute.

Notable versions of Axis and Allies:

Notable spin-offs:
 * Axis & Allies Classic
 * Axis & Allies: 1942
 * Axis & Allies: 1941
 * Axis & Allies: 1940
 * Europe 1940
 * Pacific 1940
 * Global 1940
 * Axis & Allies: WWI 1914
 * Axis & Allies & Zombies

 * Axis & Allies: D-Day
 * Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge
 * Axis & Allies: Guadalcanal

title: Axis & Allies


text:
Talk:West-East Notation & Bin Notation

Not by accident
This page was created neither by accident nor as a test. Should I do anything now?

MusJabłkowy (discuss • contribs) 10:37, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi @MusJabłkowy! The book still seems underdeveloped to me, and I have a few suggestions to help flesh it out:
 * Many books have an introduction where they outline and give a thorough explanation of their scope and goals. I thing it would be a good idea to flesh out the very short introduction section already present.
 * It seems like the content of this book may be original research or an essay based in personal opinion. To remain at Wikibooks, the content should be educational and neutral (for example, like a textbook). And, it should have a clear outline so other editors can contribute as well.
 * Does this clarify things? —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 13:08, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi @Kittycataclysm!
 * Thank you for dedicating your time to improve my text. It really is my original research. Does it mean, that it cannot remain in Wikibooks? This would make me sorry.
 * I have asked many mathematical journals to publish this text, but they all answered, that it does not match their scope. And I agree. I also tried in ISO, but they answered, that they will publish the description of these notations when they are already in a common use.
 * I think this is not a proper time to make the text educational: first, the notations proposed in this text should be accepted by the community. Once they are accepted, I could try to write a manual (for example stating how to perform arithmetic operations on such numbers). So far I am glad that the text is rather short.
 * And I think it would make this text worse if I made the introduction longer, because I have nothing more to say in it. Many people do not read introductions, especially if they are long.
 * When You write "outline", do You mean a table of contents consisting of links to sections? I guess I could make it. I will be glad if other editors contribute.
 * Thanks in advance.
 * MusJabłkowy (discuss • contribs) 15:09, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi @MusJabłkowy, and thank you for clarifying that this is original research! Unfortunately, Wikibooks is not the place for original research—however, Wikibooks' sister project Wikiversity does include original research! I recommend moving this content over to Wikiversity, which is better-suited to host it. Once you move it, we will delete it from Wikibooks. Hope this helps! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 02:17, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi @Kittycataclysm, thank You very much. I didn't know about Wikiversity.
 * I have put my article there and I hope it will remain in Wikiversity. Feel free to delete the article from Wikibooks.
 * Thanks again
 * MusJabłkowy (discuss • contribs) 15:28, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
 * MusJabłkowy (discuss • contribs) 15:28, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:West-East Notation & Bin Notation


text:
Cookbook:Goat Milk Caramel Sauce

This caramel sauce incorporates goat milk instead of the traditional cream to add a richer and more complex flavor.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups (473 ml) white granulated sugar
 * 1 cup (237 ml) water
 * 1⅓ cups (315 ml) goat milk, warmed
 * Salt to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Place the sugar in a heavy-bottomed pot.
 * 2) Pour the water around the sides of the sugar. The goal is to prevent sugar crystals from sticking to the sides of the pot.
 * 3) Set the pot over medium heat. Stir gently every so often until the sugar is dissolved. Once the sugar is completely dissolved, do not stir any more.
 * 4) Bring the sugar syrup to a boil. Cook, brushing the sides of the pot with water if any sugar crystals build up, until the syrup becomes an amber caramel.
 * 5) Remove the pot from the heat, and gradually stir in the warmed goat milk. The mixture may curdle or separate slightly—this is okay and can be fixed later.
 * 6) Return the pot to medium heat, and cook until the sauce reaches 230°F (110°C). This evaporates excess water from the goat milk. Be careful not to let the sauce bubble too high.
 * 7) Remove the pot from the heat, and let cool until it is warm but you can safely touch it.
 * 8) If the caramel sauce has split or curdled, transfer it to a blender. Blend well until the mixture is smooth.
 * 9) Season the caramel to taste with salt, then cool completely.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * As when cooking any sugar syrup, be careful not to let stray sugar crystals build up. This can occasionally cause the entire syrup to seize and crystallize, and you then have to start over.

title: Cookbook:Goat Milk Caramel Sauce


text:
Cookbook:Vanilla Kifli

Vanilla kifli is the traditional Hungarian holiday cookie.

Ingredients

 * ¾ cup unsalted butter, softened
 * ½ cup white sugar
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
 * 2 egg yolks
 * 2 cups all-purpose flour
 * ½ cup vanilla sugar
 * 2 squares (1 ounce) semisweet chocolate, chopped

Procedure

 * 1) Cream together the butter with the sugar in a large mixing bowl. Beat in egg yolks and vanilla. Gradually beat in flour to make a dough.
 * 2) Shape into a ball, cover, and let stand at room temperature for 2 hours.
 * 3) Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C).
 * 4) To form the crescents, roll about 1 tbsp of the dough in the palms of your hands. Then continue rolling to form a rope about 3 inches long and ½ inch thick. Bend rope to form crescent. Repeat with remaining dough, placing crescents on ungreased cookie sheets about 1 inch apart.
 * 5) Bake for about 10–12 minutes. Cookies should be white in color. Let cool on cookie sheets for 5 minutes to prevent breaking. Then, while cookies are still warm, carefully roll in vanilla sugar. Repeat with remaining cookies. Cool cookies completely.
 * 6) Melt chocolate in a double boiler set over low heat. When cookies are cool, dip tips of each cookie in melted chocolate, then set on waxed paper to set.

title: Cookbook:Vanilla Kifli


text:
Talk:Canadian LGBT History/British North America/Overview

Lack of LGBT History
I'm confused as to why this article it titled "Canadian LGBT History/British North America/Overview" when there is no LGBT+ information at all in this entire article. There are articles and information online about the military ban and dishonorable discharged of queer men, and women who dressed as men to serve in the War. 24.106.137.226 (discuss) 15:20, 4 June 2023 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Tibetan Meat Momos

| Nepal | Tibet

Filling

 * 1 lb ground or minced chicken, turkey, lamb, or pork
 * 1 cup finely-chopped onion
 * ½ cup finely-chopped shallots or spring onions
 * ½ cup cilantro, chopped
 * ½ cup diced tomatoes
 * 1 teaspoon garlic paste
 * 1 teaspoon ginger paste
 * ¼ teaspoon turmeric (optional)
 * 1 teaspoon cumin powder
 * 1 teaspoon coriander powder
 * 4 tablespoons ghee or butter
 * Salt to taste

Wrapper

 * 3 cups all-purpose flour
 * 1 cup water
 * 1 pinch of salt

Filling

 * 1) Combine all filling ingredients.
 * 2) Mix well, and adjust seasoning according to taste.

Wrapper

 * 1) In a bowl, combine flour, salt and water. Mix well, kneading until the dough becomes similar to pizza dough.
 * 2) If desired, cover and let stand for about 1 hour. Knead well again before making the wrappers.
 * 3) Prepare 4-inch dough balls and roll between your palms to a spherical shape.
 * 4) Dust working board with dry flour. On the board gently flatten the ball with a rolling pin. Using a 2 inch-diameter cookie cutter, cut out circles.

Shaping

 * 1) Hold a wrapper on one palm. Put about 1 spoonful of filling in the middle of the wrapper.
 * 2) With the other hand, bring all edges together to center, making pleats.
 * 3) Pinch and twist the pleats to ensure the absolute closure of the dumpling. Sealing the meat inside the wrapper is the secret to tasty and juicy dumplings.

Steaming

 * 1) Heat up water in a steamer.
 * 2) Oil the steamer rack well or put cabbage leaves on the bottom to prevent dumplings from sticking to rack. Put dumplings in the steamer.
 * 3) When the water boils, cover the steamer.
 * 4) Steam until the dumplings are cooked through, about 10–15 minutes.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Instead of making the wrappers, you can buy egg roll wrappers.

title: Cookbook:Tibetan Meat Momos


text:
User:Alex Delvar

Nataniel Macaia, better known as Alex Delvar or even VlbenqueMusic is a Dj, Instrumentalist, remixer from Angola, he is a student and experimenter of music mixes of various styles on Youtube, Soundcloud and Palco Mp3 among others.

title: User:Alex Delvar


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Note on Difficulty Levels

Minecraft difficulty levels provide players with varying degrees of challenge and gameplay experience. Here is a summary of each difficulty level:

Peaceful
The easiest difficulty level in Minecraft, Peaceful mode focuses on exploration and creativity. Players encounter no hostile mobs and have unlimited health and hunger, allowing for a relaxed and uninterrupted building experience.

Easy
The Easy difficulty introduces some challenges while still being relatively forgiving. Hostile mobs spawn but deal reduced damage compared to higher difficulties. Players must manage their health and hunger but can still navigate the game world with moderate ease.

Normal
Normal difficulty strikes a balance between challenge and accessibility. Hostile mobs are stronger and deal more damage, requiring players to exercise caution and employ effective resource management. Survival and success in the game become more dependent on strategic decision-making and understanding core mechanics.

Hard
Hard mode presents a significant challenge, specifically designed for experienced players. Hostile mobs become even more formidable, dealing substantial damage. Players must constantly consume food to regenerate health, necessitating careful planning and resource allocation. Hard mode demands strategic thinking, efficient resource utilization, and precise execution to thrive in the perilous environment.

Conclusion
Minecraft's difficulty levels cater to a wide range of player preferences, providing options for casual exploration, moderate challenges, intense gameplay, and the ultimate hardcore experience.


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Simple Guide to Minecraft/Hardcore

Hardcore mode in Minecraft offers the most intense and challenging gameplay experience for expert players. It is designed to test the limits of a player's skill, survival instincts, and decision-making under high-pressure circumstances.

In Hardcore mode, the game mechanics and difficulty level closely resemble that of Hard difficulty. Hostile mobs are significantly stronger and deal substantial damage, posing a constant threat to the player's survival. To endure and thrive in this merciless environment, players must exercise caution, precision, and strategic thinking at all times.

One of the defining features of Hardcore mode is its permanent death mechanic. If a player dies in Hardcore mode, they are permanently locked out of the world, unable to respawn or continue playing on that particular save file (except in spectator mode). This creates a sense of high-stakes and forces players to approach every action with great care. A single mistake, be it an ill-fated encounter with a hostile mob or a misjudgment during exploration, can abruptly end the game.

The permanent death consequence in Hardcore mode heightens the tension and raises the stakes, pushing players to their limits and demanding their utmost focus and skill. It offers a unique and unforgiving challenge that appeals to hardcore gamers seeking the ultimate test of survival and dedication.

With its brutal difficulty and permanent death consequence, Hardcore mode provides a truly demanding and exhilarating Minecraft experience for those brave enough to take on the challenge.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/Hardcore


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Survival

Survival mode is the primary gameplay mode in Minecraft, offering a challenging and immersive experience where players must gather resources, explore the world, and survive against various threats.

In Survival mode, players begin with no items or tools and must rely on their ingenuity to progress. The core objective is to gather resources such as wood, stone, and ores to craft tools, weapons, and other necessities. Players must also acquire food to maintain their hunger meter, ensuring they have the energy to undertake tasks and regenerate health.

Survival mode introduces a day-night cycle, where players must contend with hostile mobs that spawn during the night. These creatures, including zombies, skeletons, and creepers, pose a constant danger and require combat skills to defeat or avoid. During the day, players can explore, mine resources, build structures, and interact with the game's expansive world.

The environment in Survival mode is filled with diverse biomes, including forests, mountains, deserts, and oceans, each offering unique resources and challenges. Players can encounter animals for hunting, tame various creatures, cultivate crops, and engage in farming and breeding to sustain themselves and develop their gameplay strategies.

Players also have the opportunity to engage in cooperative or competitive multiplayer survival, where they can collaborate with others or compete against them in a shared world, adding an additional layer of social interaction and gameplay dynamics.

Survival mode's open-ended nature allows players to set their own goals and objectives, whether it's constructing elaborate structures, embarking on epic quests, or delving into dangerous dungeons to uncover valuable treasures. The mode fosters creativity, resource management, exploration, and problem-solving skills, providing a dynamic and immersive gameplay experience.

Overall, Survival mode is the quintessential Minecraft experience, combining the thrill of exploration, resource gathering, combat, and crafting. It offers a rich and engaging gameplay journey where players can shape their own adventures and survive in a vibrant and ever-evolving world.

For more information, please see the Survival Tutorials page.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/Survival


text:
User:SunderB/Notebooks

This is a list of notes I've made on various things which may or may not be put into an actual book at some point:

 * Modelling Solids
 * Spectroscopy

title: User:SunderB/Notebooks


text:
User:SunderB/Draft:Spectroscopy

Introduction
This draft book contains information about astronomical spectrosopy, how it is done, and what can be learned from it. Based on (but not a copy of) notes from a course.

Some of this could be good for including in General Astronomy if further developed.

Contents

 * 1) Tools of Spectroscopy
 * 2) Spectrometers
 * 3) Spectral Features & Quantities
 * 4) Types of Spectroscopy
 * 5) Light and Matter
 * 6) Hydrogen-like Atoms
 * 7) Electron Transitions
 * 8) Emission and Absorption Processes
 * 9) Kirchhoff-Bunsen Laws
 * 10) Continuum Processes
 * 11) Radiative Transfer
 * 12) HII Regions
 * 13) General Properties
 * 14) Ionisation and Temperature
 * 15) Diagnostics

title: User:SunderB/Draft:Spectroscopy


text:
User:SunderB/Draft:Spectroscopy/HII Regions/General Properties

General Properties of HII Regions

 * HII regions are areas of low-density hydrogen gas, ionised by hot massive stars (O or B-type)
 * They are generally a few parsec in size, but can be as small as ~0.1pc or as large as ~100pc!
 * They have electron temperatures of around 10,000 K and densities of 108 to 1010 m-3

Spectral Features

 * Show Balmer lines due to recombination
 * Strong forbidden lines of metals: OII, OIII, SII, NII
 * Bremsstrahlung continuum at radio wavelengths

Optical emission lines are heavily affected by extinction due to dust in the line of sight, but IR lines (such as Paschen and higher-order recombination lines) are not as affected.


text:
Simple Guide to Minecraft/Overworld/Mobs

= Important Mobs in the Overworld = The Overworld in Minecraft is home to a variety of mobs that play significant roles in the gameplay experience. These mobs can provide valuable resources, present challenges, or offer unique interactions. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the Overworld:

Creepers
Creepers are iconic and notorious mobs known for their explosive nature. These green, four-legged creatures silently approach players and hiss before detonating, dealing substantial damage and potentially destroying nearby structures. Players must exercise caution and maintain a safe distance when encountering creepers. Creepers drop gunpowder, a key ingredient for crafting explosives and potions.

Zombies
Zombies are common hostile mobs that wander the Overworld, typically appearing at night or in dark areas. These undead creatures slowly shuffle towards players, dealing damage through melee attacks. They possess the ability to break down doors and convert villagers into zombie villagers. Players can defend themselves with weapons or engage in ranged combat. Zombies drop various items, including rotten flesh, which can be used as food or in the creation of potions. Occasionally, they may drop armor or weapons.

Skeletons
Skeletons are hostile mobs armed with bows and arrows, making them formidable ranged attackers. They are usually found in dark areas or during nighttime. Skeletons skillfully shoot arrows at players from a distance, posing a significant threat. Players should approach them cautiously or engage in melee combat to avoid their projectiles. Skeletons drop bones, which can be used for bone meal or crafting purposes, as well as arrows. Occasionally, they may drop their enchanted bows upon defeat.

Illagers
Illagers are hostile humanoid mobs that include various types such as vindicators, evokers, and pillagers. They are typically found in woodland mansions, pillager outposts, or raids. Illagers engage in combat with players using different attack patterns and abilities. Defeating them can yield valuable loot, including emeralds, crossbows, and totems of undying. These mobs provide a challenge for players seeking adventure and rewards in the Overworld.

Villagers
Villagers are peaceful humanoid mobs found in villages scattered throughout the Overworld. They engage in various professions such as farmers, blacksmiths, librarians, and more, offering a wide range of trades. Players can interact with villagers to trade resources, obtain valuable items, and unlock rare enchanted books. Villagers are a vital source for acquiring items that are otherwise challenging to obtain through traditional crafting or exploration.

Conclusion
These mobs in the Overworld provide unique challenges and opportunities for players to gather resources, engage in combat, and interact with villagers and illagers. Understanding their behaviors and drops will aid players in their exploration and survival in the dynamic world of Minecraft.


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Simple Guide to Minecraft/Nether/Mobs

= Important Mobs in the Nether = The Nether in Minecraft is a treacherous dimension filled with unique and dangerous mobs. These mobs pose significant challenges and offer valuable resources. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the Nether:

Ghasts
Ghasts are large, floating jellyfish-like mobs that spawn in the vast open spaces of the Nether. They are known for their distinctive cries and ability to shoot explosive fireballs from a distance. Ghasts are highly destructive and can cause massive damage to both players and structures. When defeated, they drop gunpowder, ghast tears, which are used for various crafting and brewing purposes.

Zombie Piglins
Zombie Piglins are neutral mobs found throughout the Nether. These pig-like creatures are armed with golden swords and are initially neutral towards players. However, if provoked, they become hostile and attack in groups. Zombie Piglins can drop valuable items such as gold nuggets, gold ingots, and occasionally enchanted golden swords.

Blazes
Blazes are hostile mobs that spawn in Nether fortresses. These floating, fiery creatures shoot fireballs at players and engage in close combat. They drop blaze rods upon defeat, which are essential for brewing potions and crafting blaze powder. Blaze rods are also used to create Eyes of Ender for locating Strongholds and accessing the End dimension.

Wither Skeletons
Wither Skeletons are formidable hostile mobs found in Nether fortresses. They wield stone swords and possess the ability to inflict the wither effect, which rapidly drains the player's health. Wither Skeletons drop coal, bones, and wither skeleton skulls upon defeat. The wither skeleton skulls are a crucial component for summoning the powerful Wither boss.

Piglins
Piglins are neutral humanoid mobs that inhabit bastions and other Nether structures. They are armed with crossbows or golden swords and will become hostile if the player opens a chest or attacks them. Piglins are known for their affinity for gold items and can be bartered with using gold ingots. They offer valuable trades, including obsidian, ender pearls, and enchanted books.

Conclusion
The Nether is a hostile and unforgiving dimension, inhabited by a variety of dangerous mobs. Understanding their behaviors, drops, and combat strategies is essential for surviving and thriving in this harsh environment. These mobs provide valuable resources and unique challenges that await players who venture into the fiery depths of the Nether.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/Nether/Mobs


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Simple Guide to Minecraft/The End/Mobs

= Important Mobs in the End = The End is the mysterious and final dimension in Minecraft, accessible through the End Portal. It is home to unique and challenging mobs that players must encounter and overcome. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the End:

Endermen
Endermen are tall, slender mobs with long limbs and glowing purple eyes. They are passive until provoked or looked at directly, at which point they become hostile and attack the player. They will atack Endermites. Endermen have the ability to teleport and are known for their distinct teleportation sound. They drop ender pearls upon defeat, which are useful for teleportation and crafting Eye of Enders.

Shulkers
Shulkers are box-shaped mobs that reside in End Cities and End Ships. They have the unique ability to levitate and shoot projectiles called shulker bullets, which cause levitation in players upon impact. Shulkers drop shulker shells when killed, which can be used to craft shulker boxes for additional storage. These mobs provide a challenge and valuable rewards to those who explore the End Cities.

Endermites
Endermites are small hostile mobs that spawn rarely when an ender pearl is used. They closely resemble silverfish and attack players on sight. While endermites don't have any notable drops, they can be used to lure and distract ender pearls in certain situations.

Ender Dragon
The Ender Dragon is the final boss of Minecraft, residing at the End Portal. Defeating the dragon requires strategic planning and combat skills. It has a variety of attacks, including charging at players, launching fireballs, and summoning Ender Crystals for healing. Upon defeating the Ender Dragon, it drops valuable items such as experience orbs, dragon's breath, and the Dragon Egg. For more information see the Enderdragon page.

Conclusion
The End is a mysterious and challenging dimension that introduces unique mobs and the ultimate boss fight. Endermen, Shulkers, Endermites, and the powerful Ender Dragon await players who brave the journey to this extraordinary realm. Understanding their behaviors, drops, and combat strategies is crucial for conquering the End and completing the Minecraft adventure.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/The End/Mobs


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Simple Guide to Minecraft/Enderdragon

The Ender Dragon is the final boss and the most powerful mob in Minecraft. It resides in the End dimension and poses a significant challenge to players seeking to complete the game's ultimate objective. Defeating the Ender Dragon requires careful preparation, strategy, and combat skills.

Encounter
The Ender Dragon is found at the center of the End Portal, which can be accessed by collecting and placing Eyes of Ender in the frame blocks of the End Portal structure. Upon entering the End, players will find themselves on a small obsidian platform with Ender Crystals placed on top of obsidian pillars scattered throughout the landscape. Destroying these Ender Crystals is crucial to weaken the dragon.

Abilities and Attacks
The Ender Dragon possesses a range of abilities and attacks that make it a formidable foe. It can charge at players, dealing significant damage upon impact. The dragon can also shoot purple fireballs, known as dragon's breath, which cause damage and lingering potion effects. It will occasionally perch on the obsidian pillars, making it difficult to attack directly.

Strategy and Tips
To defeat the Ender Dragon, players must employ effective strategies and tactics:

1. Destroy the Ender Crystals: Start by destroying the Ender Crystals found on top of the obsidian pillars. These crystals heal the dragon, so removing them weakens its defenses.

2. Endermen and Obsidian: Avoid looking at Endermen to prevent provoking them. Bring blocks of obsidian to create safe shelters to hide from both the dragon's attacks and Endermen.

3. Ranged Attacks: Utilize a bow and arrows to attack the dragon from a distance. Aim for the dragon when it is airborne or when it swoops towards the platform.

4. Ender Pearls and Chorus Fruits: Bring Ender Pearls for quick teleportation and Chorus Fruits for emergency healing.

5. Beds and Explosives: In newer versions of Minecraft, beds can be used as explosive weapons against the dragon. However, be cautious as the explosion can be fatal if not adequately prepared.

Rewards
Upon defeating the Ender Dragon, players are rewarded with a significant amount of experience orbs and access to the End Gateway, which allows them to explore outer islands in the End dimension. In addition, the dragon drops the Dragon Egg, which serves as a trophy, and dragon's breath (collected with bottles), a key ingredient for brewing potions.

Conclusion
The Ender Dragon is the ultimate challenge in Minecraft, serving as the culmination of the game's progression. Defeating this fearsome creature requires strategic planning, combat skills, and resource management. Prepare yourself carefully, gather your allies, and embark on the quest to conquer the Ender Dragon and complete your Minecraft adventure.

title: Simple Guide to Minecraft/Enderdragon