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User talk:80.90.161.226

--Regards, ZI Jony  (Talk) 07:07, 8 September 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.90.161.226


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Is Pokemon Go-ing to increase exercise?

This is a critique of the article Influence of Pokémon Go on Physical Activity: Study and Implications, by Althoff T, White RW, Horvitz E (2016) published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research vol 18 issue 12

What is the background to this research?
A sedentary lifestyle has often been associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity reduces the risk for disease and illness such as obesity, high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, as well as a lowered life expectancy. However it is a worldwide phenomenon that the recommended amount of daily physical activity is not reached by adults or children. Obesity is becoming a worldwide health epidemic, and while diet and exercise are imperative to its treatment and prevention, it is important to include physical activity as the main lifestyle change.

The research conducted by Althoff et al quantifies the impact of Pokémon Go on physical activity. No previous studies have been conducted with large-scale wearable sensors to study the effect of Pokemon Go. Although Pokémon Go was not created as an exercise intervention, the nature of the game results in incidental exercise. The game uses real-world maps to help players catch Pokemon, hatch Pokemon eggs after walking a specific distance, reach Pokestops for collecting items, and battle other players at Gyms. This research is important as physical activity and exercise are immensely critical for health, for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. As Pokémon Go became a world phenomenon, it became an intervention for promoting healthy behaviour and implementing a lifestyle change.

Where is this research from?
This research was a joint study between the Computer Science Department at Stanford University and Microsoft Research, and published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. There is no conflict of interest as Pokémon Go was not created by Microsoft nor Stanford University. Furthermore, the study was cleared by the Ethics Advisory Committee at Microsoft Research. The study population were users who had linked data from their Microsoft Band wearables and online activities to facilitate research and improvement of Microsoft products.

What kind of research was this?
This research was a longitudinal study conducted retrospectively. A longitudinal study involves observations over a period of time, allowing researchers to monitor developments of the target population. Physical activity levels of Pokémon Go users were compared to a control group of randomly selected Microsoft Band wearers.

What did the research involve?
Pokémon Go users were identified through Bing search queries that were Pokémon Go related. These search queries were manually executed by an author familiar with the game, and judged whether the query was evidence of someone playing the game. Examples of queries are Pokémon go guide', Pokémon go individual values', Pokémon go eevee evolution'. Users included in the data set had been using the Microsoft Band for a significant amount of time, median 433 days, such that there is already a pre-existing baseline of activity. The control group were randomly selected US population who had allowed Microsoft to see their data, and happened to be predominantly ale. Limitations of the study include that this study population was not taken at random, and it was highly likely that there were many Pokémon Go players that did not have, or could afford, a Microsoft Band. This restriction may have reduced the socioeconomic status of the users and narrowed the scope of participants. Participant recruitment was not an active process, but users who had allowed access to data from their Microsoft Band wearable device for activity tracking and had allowed data sharing for research purposes. Users were separated into groups based on the average number of searches. It can be extrapolated that one query less engaged users spend less time playing Pokémon Go when compared to ten query heavily engaged users. Lastly, the research follow-up period was limited to 30 days, restricting the long term longitudinal aspect of the study. Future research, for example in a cohort study, should have a longer research period to maximise the understanding of Pokémon Go on physical activity.

What were the basic results?
Initially, Pokémon go users had less activity than the control group, the average Microsoft band user. Following the start of Pokémon Go play, activity increased to a level larger than the control group, at an increased 192 steps per day for a less engaged user. Activity increases were larger for engaged users with at least ten queries, to an average of 7229 daily steps which was 1473 steps more than the control population.

Physical activity levels for both user groups decreased after 3 to 4 weeks. However, the activity for the strongly engaged ten query user group dropped to a higher level than the original baseline level. This suggests that there could be long term behaviour change.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
At the time of publication, this study found that Pokémon Go led to larger increases in physical activity than other mobile health apps, and further attracts more users who are not yet very active. Pokémon Go has the ability to reach low activity populations whereas activity and health apps largely draw from an already active population. Thus, game based approaches are promising as a global intervention when traditional approaches are often ineffective at reaching the sedentary population.

Potential benefits of Pokémon Go include increased physical activity, spending more time outside, exploring the neighbourhood and city, social interactions, and mastering game challenges. Therefore Pokémon Go has benefits for physical and mental health. In recent publications this has also been coined the ‘Pikachu effect’.

More recent publications have found that participants overall physical activity behaviour is positively associated with frequency of app usage, attitudes towards exercise, and Pokémon Go related exercise. Sadly, impact of the app on exercise is only moderate, lasting for as long as the user continues playing. . Only small associations have been found between increased physical activity and playing time However, there are challenges in realising the potential of activity-encouraging games. These games need to sustain long-term engagement and lead to sustained behaviour and lifestyle change. As games such as Pokémon Go are observed to be more appealing to males, it may be difficult to increase levels of gaming in females. Finally, these games do not replace existing physical activity programs, but are merely complementary in contributing to exercise. Therefore playing augmented reality games such as Pokémon Go can kickstart a lifestyle change.

Practical advice
A beginner's guide can be found here. Tips and tricks are available here. It is not recommended to play Pokémon Go whilst driving, as a safety precaution, as well as negating the effect of physical activity occurring as incidental exercise.

Further information/Resources
Other augmented reality apps
 * Ingress
 * Zombies, Run!
 * Zombies Everywhere
 * The walk
 * Superhero workout
 * Clandestine anomaly
 * Temple treasure hunt game
 * Parallel kingdom MMO


text: Category talk:Shelf:Japanese language

title: Category talk:Shelf:Japanese language


text: Talk:JLPT Guide/JLPT N4 Grammar

title: Talk:JLPT Guide/JLPT N4 Grammar


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Wikijunior:Asia/Turkey

Turkey or Türkiye, is a country that occupies a unique geographic position, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe. It is situated at the crossroads of the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East, and eastern Mediterranean. It is also a birthplace of Ottoman Empire, created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic.

The capital is Ankara and the currency of Turkey is the lira.

Where is Turkey?
Turkey is borded on the north by the Black Sea, on the northeast by Georgia and Armenia, on the east by  Azerbaijan and  Iran, on the southeast by  Iraq and  Syria, on the southwest and west by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, and on the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria.

How many people live in Turkey?
According to the 2021 census figures, the total population in Turkey was estimated at 84,680,273 people.

What are the most common languages in Turkey?
Under the Constitution of Turkey: Article 42, the Turkish language is established as the official language of the country. The language is also the most spoken in the country. The common ethnic languages spoken in Turkey are Turkish, Kurmanji, Arabic and Zazaki.

What is the most common religion in Turkey?
In a 1928 constitutional amendment, Islam was removed as the official state religion. However, more than 90% of the population is Muslim.

What is the sport of Turkey?
Turkish oil wrestling (also known as grease wrestling / Yağlı güreş ) is the national sport of Turkey.

It is an old sports apparently dates back to the Janissaries, the elite soldier class of the Ottoman Empire. The Janissaries trained extensively for combat and wrestling was a part of this. Tradition has it that the Janissaries used olive oil to either keep their bodies cool, or mixed with herbs to ward off mosquitoes through hours of training. At some point the oil became inseparable from the wrestling itself and its effects on the matches themselves far outweigh anything it can do for sun or mosquito protection in the modern era.

Wrestlers wear hand stitched leather trousers called kisbet and are drenched in olive oil before the match as this makes it more difficult to gain a grip on your opponent. The rule of grease wrestling are the competitors need to protect their own kisbet while trying to attack his challenger. To gain hold the wrestlers will go down the back of their opponents uniform. Winning using this move is known as paca kazık. The other rules are not to 'show his navel to the heavens'. If you laid down with belly facing the skies, you lose.

What are some important sites?
Blue Mosque / Sultan Ahmed Mosque - Istanbul mosque is that it has six minarets, as opposed to the usual two or four of most of the city’s mosques. In the history of the Blue Mosque, legend has it that this is because of a misunderstanding – when the Sultan decreed there should be altın minare (gold minarets), the architect heard altı minare (six minarets)

Hagia Sophia - It is a museum which was originally built as a church during Emperor Justinian and converted to a mosque during the Ottoman Empire and finally under order of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, it was finally reopened as a museum in 1935. Aspendos Theatre - Aspendos boasts one of the best preserved ancient theatres of antiquity. The theatre of Aspendos was built in 155 AD during the rule of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and could seat between 15,000 and 20,000 spectators. Because the stage area was later used as a caravanserai (a roadside inn) in Seljuk times, it was continuously repaired and maintained. Thus, the Aspendos Theatre has been able to survive to this days without losing almost any of its original qualities.

Library of Celsus - The library was built around 125 AD to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus, the governor of Asia. The façade was carefully reconstructed in the 1970s to its present splendid state from the original pieces.

Pamukkale - It meant “cotton castle” in Turkish, is an unreal landscape in western Turkey, famous for its white terraces. The terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by water with a very high mineral content from the hot springs. People have bathed in its pools for thousands of years. The ancient Greek city of Hierapolis was built on top of the hot springs by the kings of Pergamon. The ruins of the baths, temples and other Greek monuments can be seen at the site.

Mount Nemrut - One of Turkey's most famous sites, Mount Nemrut has statues of Greek and Persian gods that were built by King Antiochus I of Commagene.

title: Wikijunior:Asia/Turkey


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Talk:Writing Adolescent Fiction/Teen myths and stereotypes to avoid

This needs to be expanded
This should be expanded to include more stereotypes and not to be just a feminist manifesto. Some of the examples deal mostly about the difference between persons, but not the conflicts or stereotypes of being teen, or teen vs. adult world. --Zerabat (discuss • contribs) 01:29, 9 September 2019 (UTC)


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effects of physical therapy on the management of pain and symptoms associated with Sciatica

The following page is a critique of the following article: "Physical Therapy Plus General Practioner's Care Versus General Practitioner's Care Alone for Sciatica: a Randomised Clinical Trial with a 12-Month Follow-up.This article was written by: Pim A. J. Luijsterburg, Arienne P. Verhagen, Raymond W. J. G. Ostelo, Hans J. M. M. van den Hoogen, Wilco C. Peul, Cees J. J. Avezaat, and Bart W. Koes.

What is the Background to This Research?
Lumbosacral Radicular Syndrome (LRS) or Sciatica is a disorder where the sciatic nerve becomes impinged. The main symptoms associated with Sciatica are pain and numbness originating in the lower back and travelling down the leg. The sciatic nerve is a nerve that runs through the lower back and hip, in to the buttock and down the lower leg. Sciatica is cause by trauma of the spine resulting in added pressure on the lumbar spine and sacrum. This can include: age related changes to the spine, obesity, diabetes, and professions which include twisting of the spine or lifting heavy loads.

It is generally agreed on that treatment of Sciatica for the first 6-8 weeks should be conservative. However, there is not a clear rationale as to why this should be the case. In 2007 a systematic review of 30 independent studies was conducted by Luijsterburg et al. assessing the effectiveness of various treatment methods for sciatica. From this review they were able to conclude that conservative methods were not very effective, however they cold not conclude if physical therapy was effective.

The aim of this study is to determine whether physical therapy is effective in treating Sciatica

Where is the Research From?
This article was published on 3/1/2008 in volume 17, issue 4 of the European Spine Journal. The research was conducted in Rotterdam (Netherlands) and the surrounding area. The authors of this article have a history of research in this area and have worked together previously on multiple other research articles.

What Kind of Research was This?
The study was a randomised un-blinded trial held in a clinical setting. The patients were randomly allocated in to a group by a research assistant who was independent of the research, this was done through a computer based program. The patients, GPs, and physical therapists were not blinded for the purpose of this research.

What did This Research Involve?
135 patients were allocated in to 2 groups; GP care only, or GP and physical therapist care. Patients were selected based on a selection criteria. Patients were seen in a one-on-one setting, no group sessions were done throughout the research. During the first 6 weeks of the intervention the patients were allowed a maximum of 9 appointments All patients were assigned to see a GP who gave advice on managing symptoms of sciatica as well as prescribing pain medication if needed. The full guidelines GPs followed can be found here.

The patients seeing a physical therapist were given advice on sciatica as well as active treatment. The type of exercise was left up to the physical therapist to decide.

Passive treatments such as acupuncture, massage, and other manipulation treatments were not used at any point in this trial.

What Were the Basic Results?
Two different outcomes were measured: global perceived effectiveness (GPE)ranked from 1-7 which was the primary measure, and leg and back pain rated from 0-10 which was the secondary measure.

Over the 52 weeks there was a significant difference between the two groups in the primary outcome. More patients in the GP + PT group reported an improvement than in the GP only group (79% compared to 57%).

In the secondary measure there was no significant difference between the two groups, however there was a significant change in pain levels in the leg (−2.3;−1.9 decrease in pain after 3 weeks, and −4.4;−3.7 after 52 weeks). The changes in pain levels in the back were not very significant.

What Conclusions can we Take From This Research?
While physical therapy appears to have a significant effect on the patients perceived wellness and effectiveness of the treatment, it does not have a significant effect on leg and back pain. Further research should be done on how physical therapy can effect the symptoms associated with Sciatica. Further research should also be done pain management techniques as this seems to be the biggest problem in people suffering from Sciatica. Every patient is different and may not respond to the same treatment as someone else, it is important to keep this in mind when setting any guidelines GP's or physical therapists must use.

Practical Advice
If guidelines are put in place they need to be used by every professional involved. Having one group use guidelines and the other not may effect the accuracy of the results. Putting guidelines in place will help ensure that everyone receives the same treatment and the results will be more accurate. Guidelines should be agreed upon by all professionals involved, and if anyone goes outside of the guidelines it should be brought up with researchers who can record it down in case an outlier is present in the results.

Having self-evaluated responses can effect results, patients may lie and say they feel better as they think that is what the researchers want to hear. Implementing a questionnaire or something similar may be a more effective way of collecting perceived wellness as the researchers can decide whether the treatment is working, they may also ask questions which the patient did not think about when giving response.

Further Information/Resources?

 * General information on Sciatica
 * Meta-analysis done on effects of exercise on treatment of Sciatica


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/The effects of different exercise programs on asthma control in children

This is a critique of the article: Chris Carew & Des W Cox (2018) Laps or lengths? The effects of different exercise programs on asthma control in children, Journal of Asthma, 55:8, 877-88. .

The critique was written as an assignment in the unit; Health, Disease and Exercise at University of Canberra, 2019

Background to Research
In Australia, approximately 12.3% of boys and 9.5% of girls under the age 15 are living with asthma. Asthma is defined as chronic inflammation of the airways and symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Examples of common symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, tightness in the chest and in extreme circumstances death. 21.8% of asthma sufferers between 12 and 25 report missing work, study or school due to asthma related symptoms. This not only impacts the lives of individuals diagnosed with the condition but has an estimated cost to the economy of 28 billion dollars per year. The prevalence of asthma diagnosis is gradually increasing and is generally higher in both Indigenous and lower socioeconomic areas.

''Table 1. Prevalence of Asthma amongst Young Australians''

With the continually inclining rates of asthma amongst children in Australia, it is important to develop effective management strategies for the condition. Previous studies have shown that swimming can improve lung function and reduce symptoms in asthma sufferers. The purpose of this study was to determine if swimming could be more beneficial for lung function and asthma symptoms than football or basketball.

Research
This article was published in the Journal of Asthma in 2017. Dr. Des Cox, co-author of the study, graduated from medicine in 2011 and currently works as the Head of Respiratory Department at Our Lady’s Children Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. His research interests encompass wheezing disorders and Cystic Fibrosis in children which is the focus of his current longitudinal study. He co-wrote this paper with student Chris Carew who is studying medicine at University College Dublin.

Cox and Carew designed a randomized control trial in which the effects of 3 different sports were compared to a control group. 41 children between the ages of 9 and 16 with mild to moderate asthma diagnosed by a doctor were randomly assigned to a swimming, basketball, football or control group. Children with severe asthma were excluded from the study.

Method
The study included a 6-week intervention in which participants took part in their respective sport for 40 minutes once a week. Session programs were designed by the Dublin City University Human Health and Performance Department. To ensure consistency across all sports each session was designed to have the same energy cost. This was estimated by calculating the metabolic equivalent (METs) for each session. Metabolic equivalents are a practical way of prescribing exercise intensity but do not consider individual differences in resting metabolic rate and therefore are only an estimate of energy cost. Measures including heart rate or perceived rate of exertion were not recorded throughout the training program.

Pre and post spirometry tests were used to measure the success of each intervention. Spirometry tests are the most accurate way of assessing asthma severity and consider multiple variables to assess overall lung function. Participants also recorded readings from a peak flow meter each morning and night to monitor gradual changes in lung function. Peak flow meters provide an indication of how narrow an individual’s airways are by measuring the peak speed at which air can be exhaled. They are a practical way of monitoring asthma severity but are considered to be less accurate than a spirometry test.

Qualitative data about symptoms was collected by giving each participant an asthma diary which was filled out at regular intervals throughout the intervention. Each participant also completed an exit survey which collected data on how symptoms had changed over the 6 week period.

In total the participants completed 6 sessions that were 40 minutes in duration. Designing an intervention with a longer duration or greater frequency of sessions may have produced greater physiological adaptations and more robust results. Although the energy expenditure of each session was estimated during the design process this could have been monitored throughout the intervention by using heart rate monitors and session RPE. Both these methods have been shown to give a reliable indication of exercise intensity. Collecting data on the exercise intensity of each session would have reduced error and improved the reliability of the results. Any additional physical activity the participants engaged in should have also been measured in a diary. Highly sedentary or highly active participants may have responded differently to the intervention and therefore influenced the results.

Spirometry Readings
Across all sports the only statistically significant improvement across all spirometry readings was forced vital capacity (FVC) when compared to the control group. All sports showed similar improvement with basketball being marginally ahead of swimming and football. Swimming also showed a statistically significant improvement in peak expiratory flow (PEF). In all sports improvement was also seen in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/ FVC ratio, however findings were not statistically significant. In regards to individual expression of symptoms these findings may still hold clinical significance. The control group showed no improvement in any spirometry readings.

Peak Flow
Despite the no significant change in forced expiratory volume, peak flow measurement improved across all sports. The swimming group experienced the greatest improvement (11.3%) followed by basketball (8.1%) and then football (5.7%). Peak flow declined by 3% in the control group.

''Table 2. Change in Spirometry Readings and Peak Flow''

Asthma Diary and Survey
The exit survey found that 77% of participants in the swimming group reported reduced asthma symptoms, followed by 37.5% of the basketball group and 25% of the football group. 0% of participants in the control group reported an improvement in symptoms. 100% of the swimming group reported an increase in general well-being compared to 50% from the basketball group, 62,5% of the football group and 9% of the control group

Conclusions
For children diagnosed with asthma swimming appears to be a superior sport for improving lung function and reducing the presence of symptoms. Swimming increased forced vital capacity and showed the greatest improvement in peak flow making it the most efficient strategy to improve lung function.

Whilst the study places emphasis on swimming producing the greatest benefit for lung function, it can be concluded that all sports resulted in a significant improvement compared to the control group. As energy expenditure was not recorded during the intervention the results are dependent on the estimations of metabolic equivalents being accurate. It is possible that swimming sessions had a greater physiological demand than the other groups.

Based on the qualitative data swimming is significantly more successful in reducing the presence of asthma symptoms and improving general wellbeing. Basketball and football still showed a substantial improvement compared to the control group. Due to the short duration of this study no conclusions can be made regarding how long the benefits of the intervention will be sustained.

Practical Advice
It is likely that for children diagnosed with asthma swimming will produce greater benefits compared to basketball or football. Swimming is the most effective at improving lung function, reducing the presence of symptoms and improving well-being. The prevalence of asthma is higher in Indigenous lower socio economic populations where swimming may be less accessible to children due to cost, location and swimming ability. It is important to note that all sports produced beneficial effects when compared to no sport. Children suffering with asthma should try and participate in sport a minimum of once per week to manage symptoms. If swimming is accessible this may be the best option due to the associated benefits however any sport appears to be better than none.

Further Research
Further information can be found at the following resources:

 * Asthma Statistics in Australia

 * Asthma and Lung Function Tests

 * Benefits of Swim Training on Children with Asthma

 * Effects of Swimming Training on Children with Asthma


text:
User:Tozdio-oscar(oluwatosin)

What do you understand by DECISIONS: 1. The action of deciding on something. 2. The ability to decide things quickly. 3. A choice or judgement made after considering something.

title: User:Tozdio-oscar(oluwatosin)


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Exercise as it relates to Disease/Parkinson's Disease: Finding Rhythm in Your Step

This is an appraisal of the journal article "Increased neuromuscular consistency in gait and balance after partnered, dance-based rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease" by Allen et al. (2017)

What is the background to this research?
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from a high risk of falls due to difficulties in gait and balance. Though doctors do not yet know the main cause of this disorder, this article has attempted to decrease these risks by understanding and improving motor performance through measuring different markers after intervening them through adapted tango (AT). Consequently there is a growing amount of evidence supporting exercise as an intervention for PD and improving gait and balance, however this may help in advancing patient screening for rehabilitation prescription and start an era of new interventions to improve the reacquisition of movements lost in PD.

Where is the research from?
Allen, McKay, Sawers, Madeleine, Hackney and Ting conducted this study at both the Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology in the USA. This study was published in the Journal of Neurophysiology in the American Physiological Society, which is a nonprofit society with over 10,500 members committed to scientific research on physiological science. Majority of members have doctoral degrees in physiology and/or medicine and other health professions. Regardless of this research being held in America, the findings are still relevant for all individuals with PD.

Allen and McKay are well established authors who have been published in multiple studies involving gait and neuromuscular diseases.

What kind of research was this?
This research is classified as a pilot study due to its small scale and feasible argument, but has case-controlled elements due to the specific population chosen. Despite the fact that they did not have a group without the disease, normative data was mentioned on young healthy adults and their responses from dance. Furthermore there was an absence of a controlled group not participating in AT, making the results incomparable.

What did the research involve?
Six participants (mean + SD, age: 64 + 16.6, weight (kg): 72.4 + 12.66) with PD were tested pre and post intervention measuring their gait and balance with a motor module analysis using electromyography (EMG) data. All participants were tested during the time of their self-determined optimal ON state, though there was no control for medication wear off time during these testings. The intervention was conducted for three weeks, that involved all participants to partake in a total of 15 AT sessions that ran for 90 minutes. With every lesson taught by an experienced professional ballroom dance instructor.

What were the basic results?
After the three week intervention was complete, the six participants were retested on their balance and gait. The researchers found positive changes in their neuromuscular control and they were the first to show that motor module efficiency increased for gait and balance, without increasing the number of motor modules. Though the number of motor modules being recruited is associated with increased motor performance, they state that motor module distinctness and consistency may act as feasible markers for improvements of motor performance.

Moreover with these findings, even though all participants improved in gait and balance after short-term rehabilitation, some participants in the study decreased in motor module number.

What conclusions can we take from this research?
This study provided interesting data, in terms of finding new markers to use when measuring motor performance within individuals suffering from PD. But due to its small sample size of six, these results may not associate changes of true improvement when using these markers.

However, dance as an intervention has shown a promising trend when it comes to improving motor performance for PD. This could be important as this may open up more opportunities for rehabilitation and prescription purposes for individuals with PD without the use of medications. Nonetheless, more research is needed (incorporating larger sample sizes, proper control groups, other forms of dance and their effectiveness etc.) before any real changes can be implemented.

Practical advice
Dance being used as an effective tool for rehabilitation for individuals with PD is only growing with its suggested evidence. Though further research is needed before it can be appropriately prescribed, there has been no evidence showing that not doing some form of exercise can be detrimental towards PD.

With a growing community towards dance and PD, this could be a prominent option for individuals adhering to a new kind of physical activity. Assuring that the general practitioner or your current health professional says it is safe to do so.

Further information/resources

 * Infographic - Benefits of Dance Therapy
 * Interested in participating - Dance for Parkinson's Australia
 * What has research revealed about the effects of dance in PD?


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User:Parmeshwar patil

PARMESH KISANRAO PATIL WORKED IN MAHATMA BASWESHWAR COLLEGE,LATUR

title: User:Parmeshwar patil


text:
Cognitive Science: An Introduction/Psychology Methods

Psychology's primary methodology is hypothesis testing through empirical experiments on participants.

There are several methods you should be familiar with.

The Dictator Game
In the Dictator Game, one participant is given some amount of a resource (say, $100), and they decide how much of it they get to keep, and how much of it some other participant gets to keep.

If people were completely selfish, they would not give the other person any money. However, experiments find that people tend to give something to the other person in the Dictator Game.

The Ultimatum Game
In the Ultimatum Game, one participant is given some amount of a resource (say, $100), and they give an offer of some amount of that resource to the other participant. That other participant then gets to either accept the offer, which results in both people getting the money offered in the deal, or rejecting the offer, which results in nobody getting any money at all.

If people were completely selfish, they would accept any offer given to them, even if it was just $1. Chimpanzees do this. But studies of human beings consistently show that people get insulted by very low offers and will reject them. This is usually interpreted as a desire to self-sacrifice in order to reinforce prosocial norms or morality.

The Public Goods Game
In the Public Goods Game, several participants (say, four) are given some amount of some resource (say, $5). They are given an opportunity to put some of their resource toward a common project. Whatever goes into the project gets doubled and then distributed equally among the participants—regardless of their contribution.

What's best for everyone is if everyone puts in all of their own resource. But what someone can do is keep their $5 and benefit from everyone else putting their money in. As such, this game is intended to be a representation of real-life situations such as donating blood, paying taxes, or caring for a public park.

Undergraduat participants tend to donate 40-60% into the common project, but many people give 100% (cooperators), and many contribute 0% (free riders). The faster people are required to make a decision, the more they tend to give.

The Prisoner's Dilemma
tk


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User talk:Josephkiran92

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title: User talk:Josephkiran92


text:
User talk:Dana AlZoubi

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The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 14:29, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 19:11, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
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There are only a few weeks left to take the Community Insights Survey! We are 30% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! With this poll, the Wikimedia Foundation gathers feedback on how well we support your work on wiki. It only takes 15-25 minutes to complete, and it has a direct impact on the support we provide.

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 17:02, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dana AlZoubi


text:
User talk:GuillermoHazebrouck

We sent you an e-mail
Hello ,

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org.

You can see my explanation here.

MediaWiki message delivery (discuss • contribs) 18:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:GuillermoHazebrouck


text:
User talk:Musical Inquisit

Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 14:29, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

A couple of weeks ago, we invited you to take the Community Insights Survey. It is the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual survey of our global communities. We want to learn how well we support your work on wiki. We are 10% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! Your voice matters to us.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 19:11, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

There are only a few weeks left to take the Community Insights Survey! We are 30% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! With this poll, the Wikimedia Foundation gathers feedback on how well we support your work on wiki. It only takes 15-25 minutes to complete, and it has a direct impact on the support we provide.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 17:02, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Are you interested in becoming a Reviewer?
Hi Musical Inquisit,

I was wondering if you were interested in becoming a reviewer? I've checked your contributions and you seem to fulfill the requirements to become one. However at the moment auto-promotion is not working. The normal procedure is to apply at WB:RFP, and it should be uncontroversial for you to obtain them there I feel.

Becoming a reviewer means that your edits would no longer need external review. You could also check other peoples' edits for quality at Special:RecentChanges if you felt that to be interesting. You also gain access to rollback (undoing several edits from an editor with a single click).

Thanks for your consideration, Jules  (Mrjulesd) 18:23, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

We sent you an e-mail
Hello ,

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org.

You can see my explanation here.

MediaWiki message delivery (discuss • contribs) 18:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Musical Inquisit


text:
User talk:सीमा1

Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 14:32, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

A couple of weeks ago, we invited you to take the Community Insights Survey. It is the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual survey of our global communities. We want to learn how well we support your work on wiki. We are 10% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! Your voice matters to us.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 19:13, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
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Hi ,

There are only a few weeks left to take the Community Insights Survey! We are 30% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! With this poll, the Wikimedia Foundation gathers feedback on how well we support your work on wiki. It only takes 15-25 minutes to complete, and it has a direct impact on the support we provide.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

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Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 17:03, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:सीमा1


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Arthur Edwyn Walz

Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz was a prominent amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, amateur club administrator in the late 1920s and early 1930s. His station callsign was 4AW (4=Queensland, A=Arthur, W=Walz) and he operated from Brisbane, Queensland. He learned the plumbing trade in his father's business, but eventually transitioned his hobby into a radio repair business. A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
 * Transcriptions and Notes - Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz - More than 350 transcriptions and notes
 * Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz - Nothing uploaded as yet (several QSL cards held)