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Cookbook:Zambian Vegetable Stir-Fry

Zambian vegetable stir-fry is a flavorful and nutritious dish that showcases a medley of fresh vegetables cooked to perfection. This quick and easy stir-fry is a delightful way to enjoy the vibrant colors and flavors of Zambian produce.

Ingredients

 * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
 * 1 onion, thinly sliced
 * 2 cloves of garlic, minced
 * 1 carrot, julienned
 * 1 red bell pepper, thinly sliced
 * 1 green bell pepper, thinly sliced
 * 1 yellow bell pepper, thinly sliced
 * 1 cup shredded cabbage
 * 1 cup chibwabwa (pumpkin leaves), chopped (or other indigenous greens)
 * 1 cup masau (African eggplant) slices (optional)
 * Salt, to taste
 * Ground black pepper, to taste
 * 1 tablespoon soy sauce
 * 1 tablespoon sesame oil (optional, for added flavor)

Equipment

 * Wok or large skillet
 * Cutting board
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) Heat the vegetable oil in a wok or large skillet over medium-high heat.
 * 2) Add the thinly sliced onion and minced garlic to the hot oil. Stir-fry until the onions are translucent and fragrant.
 * 3) Toss in the julienned carrot, thinly sliced red bell pepper, green bell pepper, and yellow bell pepper. Stir-fry for a few minutes until the vegetables are slightly tender but still retain their crispness.
 * 4) Add the shredded cabbage, chibwabwa (or other indigenous greens), and masau (if using) to the wok. Continue stir-frying for another few minutes until the vegetables are cooked to your desired level of doneness.
 * 5) Season the stir-fry with salt and ground black pepper to taste. Be mindful not to over-salt, as the soy sauce will also contribute to the dish's saltiness.
 * 6) Drizzle the soy sauce over the stir-fry and toss the vegetables to coat them evenly. If using sesame oil, add it now for an extra layer of flavor.
 * 7) Stir-fry for another minute or so to allow the flavors to meld.
 * 8) Remove the wok from the heat and serve the Zambian vegetable stir-fry hot as a delightful and nutritious side dish.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Feel free to add other vegetables of your choice, such as snow peas, bok choy, or mushrooms, to customize the stir-fry according to your preferences.
 * For a heartier version, you can add cooked tofu, tempeh, or chicken to the stir-fry for added protein.

title: Cookbook:Zambian Vegetable Stir-Fry


text:
Sociology of Religion/The Future of Religion

The significance of religion may rise or decline or change in its public perception, and individual religious interpretations are subject to change.

Increased fundamentalism may fuel historical frictions as beliefs differ. Less fundamental approaches may propitiate.

Studies such as comparative religion could bolster interfaith cooperation. Various alternatives to religion may affect its influence.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Cookbook:Zambian Beef Stew

Zambian beef stew is a hearty and comforting dish that brings together tender beef and a flavorful blend of vegetables and spices. This stew is a popular choice in Zambian cuisine, enjoyed with nshima or rice for a satisfying meal.

Ingredients

 * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 2 cloves of garlic, minced
 * 1 pound beef, cut into bite-sized pieces
 * 2 cups beef broth or water
 * 1 carrot, peeled and diced
 * 1 potato, peeled and diced
 * 1 tomato, diced
 * 1 green bell pepper, diced
 * 1 red bell pepper, diced
 * 1 teaspoon paprika
 * 1 teaspoon cayenne pepper
 * ½ teaspoon ground cumin
 * ½ teaspoon ground coriander
 * Salt, to taste

Equipment

 * Large pot
 * Cutting board
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) In a large pot, heat the vegetable oil over medium heat.
 * 2) Add the finely chopped onion and minced garlic to the pot. Sauté until the onions are soft and translucent.
 * 3) Add the bite-sized beef pieces to the pot and brown them on all sides.
 * 4) Pour in the beef broth or water and bring the mixture to a simmer.
 * 5) Add the diced carrot, potato, tomato, green bell pepper, and red bell pepper to the pot. Stir well to combine with the other ingredients.
 * 6) Season the stew with paprika, cayenne pepper, ground cumin, ground coriander, and salt to taste. Adjust the seasoning according to your preference.
 * 7) Let the stew simmer for about 1–1.5 hours or until the beef is tender and fully cooked. Stir occasionally during cooking to prevent sticking and to ensure even cooking of the beef and vegetables.
 * 8) Remove the pot from the heat and let the stew rest for a few minutes before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can add other vegetables like peas, corn, or green beans to the stew for added taste and nutrition.
 * For a richer flavor, you can use beef bone broth or add a tablespoon of Worcestershire sauce to the stew.
 * This stew can be made in advance and tastes even better the next day as the flavors continue to develop.

title: Cookbook:Zambian Beef Stew


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Cookbook:Braai (Zambian Barbecue)

Braai is a traditional Zambian barbecue that brings people together for a delightful outdoor cooking experience. This method of grilling is popular in Zambia, especially during social gatherings and special occasions.

Ingredients

 * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 2 cloves of garlic, minced
 * 1 lemon, juiced
 * 1 teaspoon paprika
 * 1 teaspoon cayenne pepper
 * 1 teaspoon ground cumin
 * 1 teaspoon ground coriander
 * 1 teaspoon salt
 * 2 pounds beef, cut into skewer-friendly pieces

Equipment

 * Grill or braai stand
 * Mixing bowl
 * Cutting board
 * Knife
 * Wooden or metal skewers
 * Plastic wrap

Procedure

 * 1) In a mixing bowl, combine the finely chopped onion, minced garlic, vegetable oil, lemon juice, paprika, cayenne pepper, ground cumin, ground coriander, and salt. Mix well to create a marinade.
 * 2) Add the beef pieces to the marinade and toss them until they are evenly coated. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap or a lid and let the beef marinate in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour, or preferably overnight, to enhance the flavors.
 * 3) If you are using wooden skewers, soak them in water for about 30 minutes to prevent them from burning during grilling.
 * 4) Preheat the grill or braai stand to medium-high heat.
 * 5) Thread the marinated beef pieces onto the skewers, ensuring they are evenly spaced.
 * 6) Place the skewers on the grill and cook the beef for about 8–10 minutes, turning occasionally, until they are charred and cooked to your desired level of doneness.
 * 7) Once the beef is cooked, remove the skewers from the grill and let them rest for a few minutes before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can use different cuts of beef, such as sirloin, ribeye, or rump, for the braai. Ensure the pieces are cut into uniform sizes to ensure even cooking.
 * For added flavor, you can add other spices or herbs to the marinade, such as thyme, rosemary, or ginger.
 * If you prefer, you can also marinate chicken, pork, or lamb using the same marinade and grilling method.
 * Braai is traditionally served with side dishes like nshima (maize meal porridge), salads, or grilled vegetables.

title: Cookbook:Braai (Zambian Barbecue)


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Cookbook:Zambian Tomato and Onion Salad

Zambian tomato and onion Salad is a refreshing and simple salad that showcases the vibrant flavors of fresh tomatoes and onions. This salad is a popular side dish in Zambia and complements a variety of main courses, making it a delightful addition to any meal.

Ingredients

 * 4 ripe tomatoes, diced
 * 1 onion, thinly sliced
 * 1 green chile (optional, for heat), finely chopped
 * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
 * Juice of 1 lemon
 * Salt, to taste
 * Fresh cilantro leaves, for garnish (optional)

Equipment

 * Mixing bowl
 * Cutting board
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) In a mixing bowl, combine the diced tomatoes, thinly sliced onions, and finely chopped green chili (if using).
 * 2) Drizzle the vegetable oil and lemon juice over the vegetables.
 * 3) Gently toss the ingredients until the vegetables are coated with the oil and lemon juice.
 * 4) Season the salad with salt to taste. Adjust the seasoning according to your preference.
 * 5) Let the salad sit for a few minutes to allow the flavors to meld together.
 * 6) Garnish the salad with fresh cilantro leaves, if desired, before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For added heat and spice, you can include finely chopped green chili in the salad.
 * If you prefer a tangier flavor, you can add a bit more lemon juice.
 * Feel free to customize the salad with other vegetables or herbs, such as cucumber, bell peppers, or parsley.
 * This salad pairs well with grilled meats, fish, or as a side dish to traditional Zambian meals like nshima (maize meal porridge).

title: Cookbook:Zambian Tomato and Onion Salad


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Cookbook:Mbatata a Matenda (Malawian Cassava Fritters)

Mbatata a matenda is a popular Malawian snack made from cassava. These cassava fritters are crispy on the outside, soft on the inside, and bursting with flavor. They are a delightful treat that can be enjoyed on their own or with a side of hot tea.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups grated cassava
 * 1 egg, lightly beaten
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 2 green chiles (optional, for heat), finely chopped
 * 2 tablespoons cornmeal
 * Salt, to taste
 * Vegetable oil, for frying

Equipment

 * Mixing bowl
 * Frying pan
 * Slotted spoon
 * Paper towels

Procedure

 * 1) In a mixing bowl, combine the grated cassava, beaten egg, finely chopped onion, and finely chopped green chilies (if using).
 * 2) Add the cornmeal to the mixture and mix well until everything is evenly combined.
 * 3) Season the mixture with salt to taste. Adjust the seasoning according to your preference.
 * 4) In a frying pan, heat vegetable oil over medium-high heat.
 * 5) Take spoonfuls of the cassava mixture and carefully drop them into the hot oil. Flatten the fritters slightly with the back of the spoon.
 * 6) Fry the fritters until they are golden brown and crispy on both sides. Use a slotted spoon to remove them from the oil and place them on paper towels to drain any excess oil.
 * 7) Repeat the frying process with the remaining cassava mixture.
 * 8) Allow the fritters to cool slightly before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can add grated coconut or grated sweet potato to the cassava mixture for additional flavor and texture.
 * For a sweeter version, you can add a bit of sugar to the mixture.
 * These fritters can be served with a dipping sauce or enjoyed on their own.
 * Mbatata a matenda goes well with a cup of hot tea or as a side snack during gatherings and celebrations.


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Cookbook:Nkhwani wa Ndiwo (Malawian Vegetable Fritters)

Nkhwani wa ndiwo is a delightful Malawian snack made from a variety of vegetables. These vegetable fritters are crispy, flavorful, and perfect for a quick and tasty treat.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups grated mixed vegetables (e.g. carrots, cabbage, onions, and green beans)
 * 1 cup all-purpose flour
 * 1 egg, lightly beaten
 * 1 teaspoon baking powder
 * 1 green chile (optional, for heat), finely chopped
 * 2 tablespoons cornmeal
 * Salt, to taste
 * Vegetable oil, for frying

Equipment

 * Mixing bowl
 * Frying pan
 * Slotted spoon
 * Paper towels

Procedure

 * 1) In a mixing bowl, combine the grated mixed vegetables, all-purpose flour, beaten egg, baking powder, and finely chopped green chili (if using).
 * 2) Add the cornmeal to the mixture and mix well until everything is evenly combined.
 * 3) Season the mixture with salt to taste. Adjust the seasoning according to your preference.
 * 4) In a frying pan, heat vegetable oil over medium-high heat.
 * 5) Take spoonfuls of the vegetable mixture and carefully drop them into the hot oil. Flatten the fritters slightly with the back of the spoon.
 * 6) Fry the fritters until they are golden brown and crispy on both sides. Use a slotted spoon to remove them from the oil and place them on paper towels to drain any excess oil.
 * 7) Repeat the frying process with the remaining vegetable mixture.
 * 8) Allow the fritters to cool slightly before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can use any combination of vegetables you prefer for this recipe, such as zucchini, bell peppers, or spinach.
 * Feel free to add herbs and spices like garlic powder, paprika, or cumin for added flavor.
 * Serve these fritters with your favorite dipping sauce or chutney for a burst of extra taste.
 * Nkhwani wa ndiwo makes for a great appetizer or snack during gatherings and parties.
 * These fritters are also perfect for enjoying on a cozy evening with a cup of tea or coffee.
 * These are a tasty way to incorporate more vegetables into your diet.


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Cookbook:Mbulawu (Malawian Fermented Millet Porridge)

Mbulawu is a traditional Malawian fermented millet porridge. It is a nutritious and comforting breakfast option that is enjoyed by many in Malawi.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup millet flour
 * 3 cups water
 * Salt, to taste
 * 1 tablespoon vegetable oil

Equipment

 * Saucepan
 * Stirring spoon

Procedure

 * 1) In a saucepan, bring the water to a boil.
 * 2) Gradually add the millet flour to the boiling water, stirring continuously to prevent lumps from forming.
 * 3) Reduce the heat to low and let the mixture simmer for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
 * 4) Add a pinch of salt to taste and continue stirring.
 * 5) Remove the saucepan from the heat and allow the porridge to cool down to room temperature.
 * 6) Once the porridge has cooled, cover it with a clean cloth and leave it to ferment overnight or for at least 8 hours. This fermentation process enhances the flavor and nutritional profile of the porridge.
 * 7) The next morning, heat the vegetable oil in a separate pan.
 * 8) Pour the fermented millet porridge into the pan and heat it over medium heat, stirring continuously until it reaches the desired consistency. You can add more water if you prefer a thinner consistency.
 * 9) Serve warm in a bowl.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can adjust the amount of millet flour and water to achieve your preferred consistency for the porridge.
 * For added sweetness, you can serve mbulawu with honey, sugar, or fruit toppings.
 * Mbulawu can also be made with other grains like sorghum or corn.


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Cookbook:Zitumbuwa (Malawian Banana Pancakes)

Zitumbuwa are Malawian banana pancakes that are loved by both kids and adults. These fluffy and flavorful pancakes make for a delicious breakfast or snack option.

Ingredients

 * 2 ripe bananas, mashed
 * 1 cup all-purpose flour
 * 1 tablespoon sugar
 * 1 teaspoon baking powder
 * ¼ teaspoon salt
 * ¾ cup milk
 * 1 large egg
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
 * 1 tablespoon vegetable oil

Equipment

 * Mixing bowl
 * Whisk or fork
 * Frying pan or griddle
 * Spatula

Procedure

 * 1) In a mixing bowl, combine the mashed bananas, all-purpose flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt. Mix well.
 * 2) In a separate bowl, whisk together the milk, egg, and vanilla extract.
 * 3) Gradually pour the wet ingredients into the banana-flour mixture, stirring until a smooth batter forms.
 * 4) Heat the vegetable oil in a frying pan or griddle over medium heat.
 * 5) Pour a small amount of the pancake batter onto the hot pan, forming a circle.
 * 6) Cook the pancake for about 2 minutes or until bubbles form on the surface. Then, flip the pancake and cook for an additional 1–2 minutes on the other side until it is golden brown and cooked through.
 * 7) Repeat the process with the remaining batter, adding more oil to the pan as needed to prevent sticking.
 * 8) Serve warm, and enjoy them plain or with your favorite toppings, such as honey, syrup, or fresh fruit.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For extra banana flavor, you can add a few slices of banana on top of each pancake before flipping.
 * You can use whole wheat flour or a combination of all-purpose and whole wheat flour in this recipe.
 * Zitumbuwa can be enjoyed with a variety of toppings, such as peanut butter or chocolate spread.
 * Zitumbuwa provide a delightful combination of natural sweetness from bananas and a soft, fluffy texture from the pancake batter.


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Cookbook:Kondowole (Malawian Toasted Sesame Seeds)

Kondowole is a delicious Malawian snack made from sesame seeds. These crunchy and flavorful seeds are toasted to perfection, making them a delightful treat for any time of the day.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup sesame seeds
 * Salt, to taste
 * Vegetable oil, for toasting

Equipment

 * Frying pan or skillet

Procedure

 * 1) In a dry frying pan or skillet, toast the sesame seeds over medium heat.
 * 2) Stir the seeds continuously to ensure even toasting and prevent burning. The seeds are ready when they turn golden brown and release a nutty aroma.
 * 3) Remove the pan from the heat and let the toasted sesame seeds cool for a few minutes.
 * 4) Sprinkle salt over the seeds according to your taste preference and mix well.
 * 5) Heat a small amount of vegetable oil in the same pan over low heat.
 * 6) Add the toasted sesame seeds to the pan and stir to coat them evenly with the oil. This step helps to enhance the flavor and crunchiness of the seeds.
 * 7) Remove the pan from the heat and let the kondowole cool completely before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can customize the seasoning of kondowole by adding other spices or herbs of your choice.
 * For a sweeter version, you can sprinkle a little sugar or honey over the toasted sesame seeds.
 * Kondowole is a versatile snack that can be enjoyed on its own, added to salads, or used as a topping for various dishes.
 * Sesame seeds are rich in fats, protein, and various essential nutrients, including calcium and iron.


text: Category:Malawian recipes

title: Category:Malawian recipes


text:
Cookbook:Thobwa la Mtedza (Malawian Sesame Seed Drink)

Thobwa la mtedza is a traditional Malawian drink made from sesame seeds. This nutritious and refreshing beverage is a popular choice during hot days and is enjoyed by people of all ages.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup sesame seeds
 * ¼ cup peanuts
 * 2 tablespoons honey or sugar (or to taste)
 * 4 cups water

Equipment

 * Blender
 * Nut milk bag or fine mesh strainer
 * Frying pan or skillet

Procedure

 * 1) In a dry frying pan or skillet, toast the sesame seeds and peanut over medium heat. Stir them continuously to prevent burning until they turn golden brown and release their aroma.
 * 2) Remove the pan from the heat and let the toasted seeds and peanuts cool for a few minutes.
 * 3) In a blender, combine the toasted sesame seeds and peanuts with the water.
 * 4) Blend the mixture until it becomes smooth and creamy.
 * 5) Pour the mixture through a nut milk bag or fine mesh strainer into a large bowl to separate the liquid from the solids.
 * 6) Squeeze or press the bag to extract as much liquid as possible.
 * 7) Sweeten with the honey. Stir well to dissolve the sweetener.
 * 8) Chill the drink in the refrigerator for at least an hour before serving.
 * 9) Stir before serving, as it may naturally separate over time.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For a creamier texture, you can add a small amount of coconut milk or cow's milk to the drink.
 * Adjust the sweetness of thobwa la mtedza by adding more or less honey or sugar, depending on your preference.
 * Some variations of this drink include adding spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, or vanilla for extra flavor.
 * Sesame seeds and peanuts are excellent sources of protein, healthy fats, and various essential nutrients, including calcium and iron.


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Cookbook:Canjeero (Somali Pancake)

Canjeero is a popular Somali pancake that is enjoyed as a staple breakfast dish. Made with simple ingredients, these spongy and slightly tangy pancakes are perfect for soaking up stews and sauces or simply enjoyed on their own.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups flour
 * 1 cup self-rising flour
 * 1 teaspoon active dry yeast
 * 1 tablespoon sugar
 * 3 cups lukewarm water
 * Salt, to taste

Equipment

 * Large bowl
 * Whisk or spoon
 * Griddle or non-stick frying pan
 * Towel or plastic wrap

Procedure

 * 1) In a large bowl, combine the all-purpose flour and self-rising flour.
 * 2) In a separate small bowl, mix the active dry yeast and sugar with 1 cup of lukewarm water. Let it sit for a few minutes to activate the yeast; it should become frothy.
 * 3) Pour the yeast mixture into the large bowl with the flours.
 * 4) Gradually add the remaining 2 cups of lukewarm water to the bowl while whisking or stirring continuously to form a smooth batter. The consistency should be similar to pancake batter.
 * 5) Cover the bowl with a clean kitchen towel or plastic wrap and let the batter ferment for at least 2 hours, or until it doubles in size and becomes slightly bubbly.
 * 6) After the fermentation process, add a pinch of salt to the batter and stir well.
 * 7) Preheat a griddle or non-stick frying pan over medium heat.
 * 8) Pour a ladleful of the batter onto the hot griddle to form a round pancake. You can make the pancakes as small or as large as you like.
 * 9) Cook the pancake on one side until bubbles start to form on the surface and the edges look set. Then, flip it over and cook the other side until it turns golden brown.
 * 10) Repeat the process with the remaining batter, adding more oil to the griddle or pan as needed to prevent sticking.
 * 11) Serve warm with your favorite toppings, such as honey, butter, or Somali tea.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Canjeero is traditionally cooked on a large, flat griddle called a taawa. However, a non-stick frying pan works well too.
 * The fermentation step is crucial to achieve the signature spongy texture and tangy flavor of canjeero. Make sure to allow enough time for the batter to ferment properly.
 * You can customize the size of the pancakes to your preference. In Somali culture, smaller canjeero pancakes are often served for breakfast with a variety of accompaniments.

title: Cookbook:Canjeero (Somali Pancake)


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Cookbook:Suqaar (Somali Spiced Meat Stir-fry)

Suqaar is a flavorful and aromatic Somali meat stir-fry that is commonly served as a main course. This dish features tender pieces of meat cooked with a delightful blend of spices, onions, and bell peppers, creating a savory and satisfying meal.

Ingredients

 * 1 pound beef, thinly sliced
 * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 2 cloves of garlic, minced
 * 1 tomato, diced
 * 1 bell pepper, thinly sliced
 * 1 teaspoon ground cumin
 * 1 teaspoon ground coriander
 * 1 teaspoon ground turmeric
 * ½ teaspoon ground cayenne pepper
 * Salt, to taste
 * Fresh cilantro or parsley, chopped, for garnish

Equipment

 * Large skillet or frying pan
 * Cutting board
 * Knife

Procedure

 * 1) In a large skillet or frying pan, heat the vegetable oil over medium-high heat.
 * 2) Add the finely chopped onion to the hot oil and sauté until it becomes soft and translucent.
 * 3) Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant.
 * 4) Add the thinly sliced beef to the pan and cook until it browns and develops a nice sear on both sides.
 * 5) Toss in the diced tomato and thinly sliced bell pepper. Continue to stir-fry until the vegetables soften slightly.
 * 6) Sprinkle the ground cumin, coriander, turmeric, and cayenne pepper over the meat and vegetables. Mix well to evenly coat everything with the spices.
 * 7) Season with salt to taste, adjusting the seasoning according to your preference.
 * 8) Lower the heat to medium-low, cover the skillet, and let the suqaar simmer for a few minutes to allow the flavors to meld and the meat to become tender.
 * 9) Once the meat is fully cooked and tender, remove the skillet from the heat.
 * 10) Garnish with freshly chopped cilantro or parsley before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Suqaar is typically enjoyed with Somali flatbread or rice, and it pairs well with a side of Somali salad or chutney.
 * Feel free to adjust the level of spiciness by adding more or less cayenne pepper to suit your taste.
 * You can also add additional vegetables, such as carrots or peas, to enhance the nutritional value and add color to the dish.
 * For a vegetarian version, you can substitute the beef with tofu or tempeh and adjust the cooking time accordingly.
 * Beef is a rich source of protein, iron, and various B-vitamins.


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Chess Opening Theory/1. c3/1...c5

Saragossa Opening
If white plays 2.e4 it is a transposition to the Alapin. You can keep this as unique Saragossa theory by playing 2.d4, but this is also likely to transpose into a London System with c5 and cxd4. This is considered as a bad opening as it hinders white's immediate piece development and is rarely seen in master games. In the Lichess Masters Database this line (1.c3 c5) has only appeared 27 times.

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. c3/1...c5


text:
User:Luciano luda

Luciano luda

title: User:Luciano luda


text:
Cookbook talk:Zambian Vegetable Stir-Fry

Specifically Zambian?
@Sylvesterchukwu04 Can I ask what makes this specifically Zambian? It seems like a fairly standard east Asian-inspired vegetable stir fry. —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 00:47, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @Kittycataclysm
 * while the Zambian vegetable stir-fry draws inspiration from east Asian cuisine, it showcases its Zambian identity through the use of locally sourced and traditional Zambian vegetables, such as cassava leaves, pumpkin leaves, and other indigenous greens, which add distinct flavors and colors unique to the region. By incorporating these local ingredients and traditional cooking techniques, the dish embodies the essence of Zambian cuisine. While variations may occur, the emphasis on native produce celebrates the rich culinary heritage of Zambia. Sylvesterchukwu04 (discuss • contribs) 08:47, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * @Sylvesterchukwu04 I would understand that, but this recipe doesn't feature those indigenous ingredients you're mentioning (cassava leaf, pumpkin leaf, indigenous greens, etc). That's where I'm getting confused. None of the listed ingredients (or techniques) appear to be traditional or uniquely Zambian. There is no "emphasis on native produce" or specifically local ingredients that I can see. —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 21:35, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * @Kittycataclysm How do you see the Article now? Sylvesterchukwu04 (discuss • contribs) 21:51, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I see that you've added some new ingredients—it makes more sense now. —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 00:01, 28 July 2023 (UTC)


text:
User:Nokkromancer

Hello!

title: User:Nokkromancer


text:
User:EyesSewnShut

Created 7/26/23

Wikibooks doesn't allow direct links to other sites for new accounts, so search up "Cyberpunk Brasil" on Spotify if you want to listen to what I am listening to right now

title: User:EyesSewnShut


text:
Talk:Minecraft: Bedrock Edition Creator Documentation

Plagiarism
I’m fairly sure that this book project entirely mirrors Microsoft’s official documentation, hosted on their website and on a GitHub repository. While it’s licensed under CC BY-SA 4, I’m fairly sure this book shouldn’t up as it is merely reproducing the content. Nokkromancer (discuss • contribs) 01:06, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @MarcGarver I've deleted a couple pages here but I want to check with you before deleting any more. I'm not 100% sure of how we should proceed given its licensing. —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 01:13, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you @Kittycataclysm for deleting the offending pages! I think copyright wasn’t violated given the licensing terms but it still shouldn’t be up on WikiBooks. If there is interest in documenting aspects of making addons/other content for Bedrock Edition that aren’t covered by the Microsoft docs, I suppose that’s a worthwhile venture but it should use the official resources as supplementary material and not the uncredited content. Nokkromancer (discuss • contribs) 01:13, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Agree with the above comments. It is compatible, so can be hosted here as long as it is attributed. However, it should be on Wikisource. Wikibooks does not accept source texts, it is supposed to be for textbooks written by authors here. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 13:02, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Makes sense—thanks! I will continue deleting the rest of the pages since it's unattributed and out of scope. —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 21:30, 27 July 2023 (UTC)


text: Category:Somali recipes

title: Category:Somali recipes


text: Category:Insect recipes

title: Category:Insect recipes


text:
User:Iruka13/common.css

li#pt-sandbox { display: none !important; }

title: User:Iruka13/common.css


text:
User:Paulnguyenun

Phuoc Nguyen

title: User:Paulnguyenun


text:
History of Christianity/Origins of Christianity/The Historicity of Jesus of Nazareth

The primary sources for the life of Jesus are the Christian gospels, significantly the Gospel of Mark. Composed around 70 CE, Mark was evidently the first gospel written. The gospels of Matthew and Luke are thought to have been based on Mark as well as an unknown quote source, with the Gospel of John standing in contrast both in terms of content and its later dating (c. 100 CE).

Mark contains no virgin birth or post-resurrection appearances of Jesus, as opposed to Matthew and Luke, which also introduce contradictions related to Jesus's birth. It is assumed that prior to Mark's composition, details of Jesus's life were passed on by oral tradition. Non-Christian sources for Jesus's existence are dated later (the earliest c. 93 CE) and provide no original details of substance. Scholars argue that Jesus existed on the basis of his having a following, though only his baptism and death by crucifixion are widely considered to be definite historical events. Some hold that a family as poor as Jesus's would not have been significantly documented. Rome for its part indeed executed thousands by crucifixion, specifically targeting Jews in its 70 CE Siege of Jerusalem (which Jesus allegedly foresaw).

Alternative views suggest that Jesus was either largely or entirely mythical; though dismissed by mainstream scholars, these theories have gained traction online. Just as all religions draw from existing beliefs (e.g. Judaism's rewriting of Mesopotamian creation myths, Buddhism's incorporation of Hinduism, and Roman religion's robbery of Greek gods), Christianity provided a renewal of Judaism, declaring the identity of its Messiah—rewording Old Testament passages to fulfill claimed prophesies. A source of inspiration for the story of Jesus (the King of Kings) has been postulated as Julius Caesar (d. 44 BCE), whose deification led to his heir, another Caesar, becoming the first Roman emperor (27 BCE – 14 CE). Adjacent to spiritual teachings, Jesus endorses paying taxes to Rome.

In the early 4th century CE, the church declared baselessly that Jesus's birthday aligned with the winter solstice. In 525 CE, a Byzantine monk devised the enduring BC/AD dating system, doubtfully implying Jesus to have been born in 1 BCE/CE. The rise of fundamentalism in the United States (starting around the late 19th century) fueled beliefs regarding Jesus's divinity and the Bible's inerrancy. Subsequent secular scholarship has not supported those views.


text:
English as an Additional Language/Progressives

The progressive in English describes actions that were ongoing at one point in time. It can also be called the continuous.

Past Progressives
The past progressive describes an action that was ongoing in the past but is no longer going on. The past progressive can be used to describe an action that was ongoing before it was interrupted.

E.g. Sally was eating pasta before the guests arrived.

It can also be used to describe two actions that were going on simultaneously.

E.g. While he was cooking dinner, I was in bed sleeping.

The past perfect progressive describes an action that started and was continuously going on until one point in the past. E.g. I had been fighting with my brother for the entire morning.

Present Progressive
The present progressive describes an action that is still being actively done. Unlike in other languages, the simple present cannot be substituted for the present progressive as the simple present only describes general facts.

The present progressive can be used to describe an action that is currently ongoing.

E.g. They are exercising right now.

It can also be used to describe a planned future action.

E.g. She is catching a train tomorrow.


text:
User talk:122.11.212.252

Faster328

title: User talk:122.11.212.252


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/Research

Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905

Hansard Websites
Australian Parliament - Hansard 1901 to Present

Tim Sheratt's Historic Hansard - 1901 to 1980


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/Notes

Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905

1901 01
Jenvey declines to express an opinion on Marconi's rights "NEWS OF THE DAY. Mr. Jenvey, the telegraphic expert of the Postal department, declines to express any opinion as to the question raised by 'The Age' as to the State's relations to the Marconi wireless telegraphy patents. Other officials, however, declare, that although in the event of the Australian Post Office adopting wireless telegraphy for commercial and other purposes compensation will be due to the Marconi Company as an act of justice, yet under the Postal Acts of the various colonies the State has the sole right to engage in telegraphic business. The sections in the acts giving the Postal department supreme control over the telegraphic system would apply."

As previous "GENERAL NEWS Before wireless telegraphy can be introduced in Victoria it is quite possible that the Postal authorities will have to purchase the patent rights for this colony from the inventor. The Imperial authorities are now negotiating with Mr Marconi for the right to install his system in Great Britain, and it is understood that there is every probability of their coming to terms. The Victorian Postal authorities believe, however, that wireless telegraphy or any cognate application of electrical power comes under a section of the Post-office Act which gives the department the exclusive right to transmit messages over the electric wires. Mr. H. V. Jenvey, chief electrical engineer to the department, has not yet completed his experiments with the wireless system, so that no immediate steps can be taken to apply it for commercial or defence purposes. When that time does come Mr Marconi's claims to patent rights will have to be considered."

1901 11
Tasmanian government seeking wireless telegraphy between Tasmania and nearby islands "TASMANIAN GRIEVANCES. LAUNCESTON, Thursday. A meeting of the Chamber of Commerce today decided to ask the Federal Postmaster-General to inquire into the adaptability of wireless telegraphy for cheap communication between Tasmania and the mainland. The president stated that Lloyd's had approached the Government for the use of Swan and King islands, and were prepared to install the system at their own expense. The Government had granted the application. Complaint was made that queries made by the Customs Department are referred to Hobart, and thence to Melbourne, the replies being received via Hobart, causing unnecessary delay. The chamber resolved that the Federal Government should be asked to give the local collector power to deal direct with Melbourne on these matters."

Post and Telegraph Act considered to regulate wireless telegraphy also "WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. Can the Postal department prevent any private firm establishing a system of wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth? This in effect is the substance of a question to be put to the Postmaster General in the Senate on Wednesday. There is, it is said, a movement on foot to transmit telegraphic messages from Tasmania to one of the adjoining islands, a service for which a private company proposes to collect rates. To permit wireless telegraphy in the hands of private companies to come into competition with the ordinary telegraph and cable services might, of course, prejudice the revenue of the Telegraph department. The Post and Telegraph Act, however, gives the Postal department the 'exclusive right to transmit messages by telegraph,' and this is broadly interpreted to cover any system of wireless telegraphy. Before employing the new system for its own purposes the Postal department would however, have to pay the inventor for his patent rights."

As previous "WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. In reply to suggestions that the system of wireless telegraphy may be established within the Commonwealth by private firms, the postal department points out that the Post and Telegraph Bill, which comes into operation on 1st December, gives the Postmaster-General sole power to transmit messages, and that without his consent there can be no competition with the Commonwealth department."

1904 12
Punch magazine publishes a graphic joke with thrust the general public don't care about the forthcoming Wireless Telegraphy Act "PERFECTLY SATISFIED. TOM.— 'What do they call this 'ere wireless telegraphy, Bill?' BILL.— 'If the publican beckons us over for a drink, that's it.'"

1905 07
First reference to the new Wireless Telegraphy Bill in the Senate . . . Senator PLAYFORD - It is a question for a lawyer, and I shall get a lawyer's opinion on the subject before I deal with it. The statement proceeds:- Several Bills considered in part last session will be revived by resolution, and, where necessary new amendments will be added. Among other matters engaging the serious attention of Ministers, and upon which it is intended at a later date to make proposals of an important character, that of Defence (29). is specially deserving of reconsideration, particularly in view of recent developments. Short Bills relating to the Law of Evidence (30); Audit Act Amendment (31); Wireless Telegraphy (32); Census and Statistics (33); Weights and Measures (34); Designs (35); and Property Acquisition (36) will be placed before you. This list of subjects may be divided into two parts. The first is made up of minor Bills, aiming at useful but independent additions to the ordinary machinery of Government. The other consists of major Bills, embodying a progressive policy of development of the resources of the Commonwealth, intended to be carried out by systematic effort here and in the Mother Country, and, if necessary, in the sister dominions of the Empire. It may not be possible to complete this programme, though with the help of Parliament a great advance can be made before the next recess. The policy as a whole can be pushed far onward if we are able to follow a business-like session this year with a longer session next year, devoted to questions of the first magnitude, approached steadily and consistently from the practical side. At all events, so far as Ministers are concerned, this Parliament will be afforded, as it has itself demanded, another opportunity of fulfilling the purposes for which it was elected, and justifying the confidence of those who look to us to foster the national interests of Australia. . . . Senator PLAYFORD - I can only repeat that I shall do all I can to get as much work as possible before the Senate. I hope I shall succeed ; but I am a little doubtful, as the House of Representatives has charge of the Estimates, and will have some Bills which are of a highly contentious character to deal with. Before those Bills are submitted to the Senate, it may be necessary for me to ask for an adjournment for a fortnight or so. The present position is that the Government have given notice of their intention to proceed in the Senate with the consideration of the very debatable Bill introduced last session relating to the survey of the proposed railway line between Kalgoorlie and Port Augusta, and that the are also ready to give notice of their intention to introduce Bills relating to copy right, wireless telegraphy, and other matters. These are not of supreme importance, nor are they of a very contentious character, but they will, at all events, provide work. Looking round the Senate, I must say that - I anticipate that honorable senators will also bring forward a considerable amount of private members' business. . ..

WT Bill presented and read a first time in the Senate WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY BILL Motion (by Senator Keating) agreed to - That leave be given to introduce a Bill for an Act relating to Wireless Telegraphy. Bill presented and read a first time.

1905 08 02
Senator KEATING (Tasmania—Honorary Minister) (NaN.NaN pm). - I move - That the Bill be now read a second time. So far as length is concerned, the measure is a very small one. Its main object is to make a Government monopoly of wireless telegraphy in the Commonwealth. The provisions of the Post and Telegraph Act of 1901 make telegraphy, as then understood, the sole business of the Postmaster-General. In section 80 of the Act, it is set forth that The Postmaster-General shall have the exclusive privilege of erecting and maintaining telegraph lines and of transmitting telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth, and performing all the incidental services of receiving, collecting, or delivering such telegrams or communications, except as provided by this Act or the regulations. It might be argued, on the construction of those words, and in view of the developments which have taken place in connexion with the science or art of telegraphy, that wireless telegraphy would also be included within the purview of the section. But later on in the section we find this proviso: - Provided also that nothing in this section shall be taken to prevent any person from maintaining and using any telegraph line heretofore erected by him or from erecting, maintaining, and using any telegraph line - [a) which is wholly within and upon land whereof he is the proprietor or occupier, and solely for his own purposes, &c. Even where there is an actual physical connexion by means of a wire, so long as the wire and all the appliances and instruments in connexion therewith are upon private property, a private individual can use the ordinary telegraph, notwithstanding the provision that is made for giving the Postmaster-General exclusive rights in respect to telegraphs. The appliances and apparatus which are used for the practice of wireless telegraphy do not necessitate the use of any connexion wires at all, but are simply terminal apparatus, which may be used and may be confined at either end absolutely to any person's land. I do not say that that proviso would put out of the enacting part of the section a system of wireless telegraphy. But, as it stands, it is sufficient to throw some doubt on the question as to whether a system of wireless telegraphy does come properly within the section, because it is perfectly understandable that all the appliances which would be required for a transmitting station could be comprised within the private property of an individual, and that all the appliances and apparatus which would be required for a receiving station could also be comprised within the boundaries of the private property of that, or some other individual, and communication could be established without the aid of wires at all by the new system. It is quite possible that in that way it might be argued, and argued successfully, that the Act, as framed in 1901, had not in contemplation such a system of communication as wireless telegraphy. Under these circumstances, it is deemed desirable to set at rest any such doubt as that. That is the object of the Bill. It is set forth in clause 4, that the Postmaster-General shall have the exclusive privilege of transmitting messages by wireless telegraphy in Australia, of transmitting them to any place or ship outside Australia, and of receiving them from any place or ship outside Australia. Of course, it might be argued that it is not desirable that he should have that power. Where legislation has been submitted, as in the case of Great Britain, provision has been made to protect persons who are working apparatus for the purpose of carrying out a. system of wireless telegraphy for scientific or experimental purposes, and to enable them to do so. But in order to get over any such difficulty as that, provision is made in this Bill that the Postmaster-General may by licence enable persons to carry out any such system, either for that Or any other purpose he may think desirable. Appropriate penalties are provided in the case of any person who contravenes the Act, by attempting to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station, to transmit or to receive messages by means of this method.

Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Would it apply to semaphore or other signals?

Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I think not, from the following definition in clause 2 : - " Wireless telegraphy" includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraph messages by means of electricity, without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. The definition in the English measure goes a little further than that, and it is thought that by limiting its application to messages transmitted by electricity, anybody who chooses to carry out a system of telegraphy by means of semaphores will not commit a breach of the provisions of the Act. Then, of course, there is provision made for the case of ships which come into the ports of the Commonwealth, fitted with appliances and apparatus for wireless telegraphy. As honorable senators know, these appliances and apparatus are to be found fairly frequently now on many of the large ships. Therefore, provision is made that, so long as the ships are in the ports of the Commonwealth, the appliances and apparatus shall be subject to the control of the Postmaster-General. They may (be used, of course, by the owners or by those in control of the vessels, but subject to such regulations as may be framed for such purpose.

Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - And to such charges ?

Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - That will be a matter of regulation. At present the Bill simply provides that these instruments shall be subject to the control of the Postmaster-General, and shall only be used by his authority or as authorized by the regulations. I have no doubt that if it is deemed desirable that charges should be made for the use of them, the regulations will provide for proper and fair charges to be made. Provision is also made for the forfeiture of any such apparatus or instrument which may be used by any person contrary to the provisions of the Act, And in cases where it is suspected that appliances are toeing used in contravention of the Act, proper provision is made to enable the necessary search warrants to be issued, authorizing persons to make searches, and to take possession of such instruments.

Senator de Largie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Have any private persons been working this system in Australia?

Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Not that I know of, unless it has been done as a matter of experiment. During the last few years the successive Governments of the Commonwealth have had brought under their notice several different systems, including, amongst others, the following: - Marconi, Professor Slaby's, Slaby-Arco, Lodge-Muirhead, T. E. Clark, Heincke, De Forest, Telefunken, and Shoemaker. It is eminently desirable that if there is any system' of wireless telegraphy established in Australia for the transmission, on behalf of the public, of messages, we should have a system that would be, as far as possible, similar to whatever system may be adopted by the United Kingdom and its warships, so that communications which would pass between them and the United Kingdom when at sea, or between them and Australia or other British Possessions, would be as far as possible in accordance with one particular system. Representations to that effect have passed between the Governments of the Commonwealth and the Home Government, and it is thought desirable that neither party should yet adopt any particular system or grant concessions, rights, or privileges to any particular syndicate, or to any promoters, to carry out a system in Australia or elsewhere which would make it difficult for the Governments afterwards to have a system on a proper and uniform basis as far as possible throughout the Empire. I think I have now indicated most of the main provisions of the Bill which, though it may seem very small, is an important one, and one which I think should be passed into law as early as possible. The ninth, or concluding clause, enables the GovernorGeneral to make such regulations as may be necessary from time to time for giving effect to the principles of the Act. In conclusion, I might mention, as I have already indicated, that many ships - more particularly the ships of war of the different nations - are fitted up with wireless telegraphy transmitters and receivers. Provision is therefore made in clause 3 that - This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy. As honorable senators will see, it would be desirable and advisable that so long as the ships of the King's Navy are in the ports of the Commonwealth, they should not be prevented from carrying on wireless telegraphy between themselves or with elsewhere, as they are frequently doing, for experimental purposes, I understand.

Senator Mulcahy (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - What about foreign warships ? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Foreign warships will come within sub-clause 2 of clause 6. Their instruments and appliances will be subject to the control of the Postmaster - General, and usable subject to regulations which will be framed. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - What about colonial warships ? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - They are part of the King's Navy. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - No. Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - If the honorable senator wishes to make certain of that, probably he will suggest the addition of a few words to provide that the vessels of the Commonwealth Navy shall not come within the provisions of the measure. Senator Mulcahy (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Does the Minister think that foreign nations would permit the Postmaster-General to send on board officers to take charge of their instruments? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I do not suppose that any of our officers would take charge of the instruments. That would be a matter for arrangement, in accordance with international comity. The like provisions will apply to foreign warships visiting our ports as apply to British warships visiting foreign ports. No express provision has been made in the Bill in that regard, but should they not come within subclause 2 of clause 6 I have not the slightest doubt that, under some proper and effective regulations, the control of their wireless telegraphy will be on all fours with the control which they themselves exercise in their own ports in respect of visiting warships. Senator de Largie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Can the Minister tell us whether any experiments have been carried out by the electrical branch of the Post and Telegraph Department, or any of its officers? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I am not in a position to say that there have been any experiments carried out. The electricians of that Department have been called upon to report upon certain systems which have been taken into consideration by the Government, but whether, in order to bring up their report, they have conducted any experiments or not I do not know. Senator Drake (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - They have been experimenting for a long time. Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Perhaps they have been experimenting in Queensland; at short distances. Senator Drake (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - In other States as well. Debate (on motion by Senator Pulsford) adjourned.

1905 08 04
Procedural Text relating to the second reading of the Wireless Telegraphy Bill Second Reading. Debate resumed from 2nd August (vide page 466), on motion by Senator Keating - That the Bill be now read a second time.

Speech by Senator Pulsford, following second reading of Wireless Telegraphy Bill, in its support & suggesting amendments Senator PULSFORD (New South Wales—) (NaN.NaN pm) - This is a necessary Bill. The growth of wireless telegraphy is already very considerable, and promises to be much greater. It is desirable, therefore, that the Post and Telegraph Department should be prepared to deal with it. I observe that, according to the English Act, in the old country it is considered a matter not only for the Post and Telegraph Department but also for the Defence Department, in which certain powers are vested. I think it is desirable to make some amendments in the Bill in that direction. Clause 3 reads - This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy. I suggest that the clause might be amended so as to provide that the Act shall not apply to "the Naval and Military Forces." In clause 4 I think it is desirable to insert the following proviso, which is taken from the English Act:- Provided that nothing in this Act shall prevent any person from making or using electrical apparatus for actuating machinery, or for any purpose other than the transmission of messages. That seems a very simple and necessary provision. In sub-clause 1 of clause 6 there is provided an immense penalty - £500 - which is repeated in the next subclause. The English Act fixes the penalty at £100, and also provides an additional penalty of imprisonment, which may be inflicted with a fine. I shall propose, therefore, that we reduce the penalty from £500 to £200, and add these words - " With or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding twelve months." Clause 8, as it stands does not seem to be quite sufficient. The search warrant may be granted to any person. I shall propose that the clause be brought into line with the provision in the English Act by substituting these words - A search warrant may be granted to any police officer,. or any officer appointed on their behalf by the Postmaster-General or the Minister for Defence, and named in the warrant. I shall also propose that the following new clause be inserted:- No proceedings shall be taken against any person under this Act except by order of the Postmaster-General or the Minister for Defence. The amendments are of the simplest character. They conflict in no way with the principle of the measure, but assist in carrying it out and safeguarding the work of the Departments. They also give some power to the Minister of Defence as well as to the Postmaster-General. Under the English Act power is possessed by the Postmaster-General, the Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Board of Trade. In our measure I imagine that it will be sufficient to name the Postmaster-General and the Minister of Defence. Question resolved in the affirmative. Bill read a second time. In Committee: Clause 1 agreed to. Clause 2 - In this Act, " Australia " includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth.

Speech by Senator Pearce, following second reading of Wireless Telegraphy Bill, in its support & suggesting amendments Senator PEARCE (Western Australia—) (NaN.NaN pm) - It is doubtful whether Papua is included in the definition, therefore I move - That after the word " Commonwealth," line 2, the words and the territory of Papua "be inserted. The Acts Interpretation Act defines "Australia" as including the whole Commonwealth; and the Constitution defines "Commonwealth" as meaning "The Commonwealth of Australia as established under this Act." The Commonwealth consists of six States exclusive of the territory of Papua; and the same dangers that would arise out of any abuse of this power in the States would arise in the case of Papua. Senator McGregor has suggested to me that an even wider term might be inserted, by saying, "and any territory whatever." I have not had much time to give consideration to the point, but I think it would be wise to include all our existing territory.

Senator KEATING (Tasmania—Honorary Minister) (NaN.NaN pm). - I think the honorable senator's suggestion is a worthy one, which should be accepted. The Bill, of course, only provides for a system of wireless telegraphy in Australia. The exclusive use of wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth is to be under the control of the Postmaster-General. The same reason that would apply to the six States applies with equal force to the territory of Papua. Therefore, I shall accept the amendment.

Senator MILLEN (New South Wales). Senator Pearce indicated a suggestion which came from Senator McGregor, and which seems to be better than that contained in the amendment. It is true that, to-day, the Commonwealth is only vested with the control of one piece of outside territory; but one can hardly say what the coming years may bring forth. There are infinite possibilities of greater responsibilities being placed upon the Commonwealth, and we should provide for them. Senator McGregor has suggested the insertion of the words "and any territory thereof." That would cover not only the immediate necessities with regard to Papua, but also any other territory that might pass under the control of the Commonwealth. It is, for instance, quite conceivable that one or two islands, which are at present directly under the administration of New South Wales, might at some time pass under the control of the Commonwealth. I might mention Lord Howe Island, as an example. Certainly, the insertion of the word Papua would not cover that case, whereas I should think the term "territory of the Commonwealth" would do so. I, therefore, suggest the advisableness of accepting Senator McGregor's suggestion.

Senator PEARCE(Western Australia). - I ask leave to withdraw my amendment with a view to substitute the words "and any territory of the Commonwealth." Amendment, by leave, withdrawn. Amendment (by Senator Pearce) proposed - That after the word "Commonwealth" the words " and any territory of the Commonwealth " be inserted.

Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I agree that it would be desirable not to restrict ourselves to present conditions, but to provide in the Bill for apy possible future extension of the Commonwealth by acquisition of new territory. The only point that occurs to me is in reference to the exact words to be used. Section 122 of the Constitution provides that -

The Parliament may make laws for the government of any territory, surrendered by any State to and accepted by the Commonwealth, or of any territory placed by the Queen under the authority of and accepted by the Commonwealth.

I think that the words proposed by Senator Pearce will meet all the possible cases, and therefore I have no objection to the amendment. Amendment agreed to. Clause, as amended, agreed to. Clause 3 -. This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy

Senator Pulsford moves an amendment to the Wireless Telegraphy Bill relating to exemption for naval forces Senator PULSFORD (New South Wales—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I move - That the words " ships belonging to the King's Navy " be left out with a view to insert in lieu thereof the words," the Naval and Military Forces." I am not sure that a clause of this nature is necessary. There is nothing of the sort in the English Act. But, if it is thought to be necessary, it should be made to include anything done by the Military and Naval Forces, which embrace the Naval Squadron of His Majesty.

1905 09
Opinion piece by journalist of "The Age" expresses view that Australian wireless telegraphy should be opened up for competition "AUSTRALIAN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. WILL THERE BE A MONOPOLY? Within the next few weeks the Governor-General will have given his assent to the Wireless Telegraphy Bill, and it will be illegal to install and work wireless telegraphy apparatus without a licence issued by the Postmaster-General. It is therefore desirable, in the public interest, that attention should be directed without delay to the danger that exists that one or other of the competing companies working wireless systems may secure a monopoly. That there is such a danger no one can doubt from the way in which the Postal department is waiting for the opinion of the British Admiralty before dealing with the competing offers now before it. The idea appears to be that whatever system the Admiralty adopts the Postmaster-General should also adopt, to the exclusion from Australian coasts of all others. What is desirable is the very freest competition amongst the rival systems, within certain limits, which will fix zones for each company, and clearly indicate how far the existing telegraphs or cable routes may be invaded. Some guidance in the matter is given by a return that has been issued by the British Postmaster-General, revealing the operations of his officers in connection with the first year's working of the British Wireless Telegraphy Act. This act is a temporary measure, and expires at the end of 1906. Under it 73 applications for licences have been received, only three of which were in regard to the Marconi apparatus. Forty-eight of the applications were granted; four were referred back for amendment; one has been refused because it proposed wireless 'exchanges,' which interfered with the ordinary telegraph monopoly; and the remainder are still under consideration. The licences appear to have been issued so as to promote experimental work and to foster private enterprise and invention. No one company has been favored. The Marconi Co., and Lloyd's, in London, are still, as yet, the only bodies at present accepting wireless telegrams from the public; but other systems have been licensed, and are in operation for business purposes. For example, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company is using the system of a Frenchman named Rochefort for communication with the Dieppe Newhaven packets, and with a wireless station belonging to a French railway company at Dieppe. The Midland Railway Co. intends to use the Lodge-Muirhead system in connection with the Heysham-Belfast steamers. This railway company has a licence, too, for experimenting with the same system in relation to trains in motion — a use of wireless telegraphy successfully developed in the United States and Germany. Then the Marconi Company has obtained permission to establish a long distance station on the west coast of Ireland for 'commercial communication' with America. The Lodge-Muirhead Company is asking for stations on the Isle of Wight, the Lizard, at Dover, and at the Fastnet. The De Forrest Company has secured several stations on the east coast. The policy pursued by the British Parliament is to encourage competition amongst these companies in the hope of cheapening what is at present only 'a rich man's service,' and Australia cannot do better than follow suit."


text:
Supplementary mathematics/Graph Theory

Graph theory or topology graph theory is a branch of mathematics and a field of discrete mathematics. Graph theory refers to networks of points that are connected and ordered and connected by lines. Graph applications in chemistry for formulation and form Classification of molecules and atoms, research and investigation in operations for tracking and clues in a research and computer science study have been used a lot to encode and determine the graph, and the graph has become a significant field in mathematics and discrete mathematics. The history of graph theory goes back to 1735 in a special, principled and official way, which was discovered by a Swiss mathematician named Leonard Euler. It was a mathematical puzzle to find a path on each of the seven bridges that cross a forked river and pass by an island. Euler created an argument by drawing graph lines that there is no path at all. Proof This theorem was in the form of Fyric arrangement in bridges, but basically he proved the first theorem in graph theory.

The term graph means that the lines are connected to each other and have a graph scope, but it does not refer to data graphs such as linear, bar, circle. In general, graphs can be divided into two categories: graphs and Divided data. A graph refers to a set of vertices (points or nodes that are connected) and lines (lines that are connected).

title: Supplementary mathematics/Graph Theory


text:
Skript+

Welcome to the Skript+ Book!

Skript+ is a concept scripting language made by me, just for ChatGPT!

👉For questions and answers please look at this page!👈

👉For solutions for the exercises please look at this page!👈

Pages
Hello, world!

Variables

Buffers

Arrays

If, Else statements

Comments

More commands

title: Skript+


text:
Skript+/Hello, world!

The first of all, is a "Hello, world!" program!

Copy this and paste in ChatGPT, on a new chat:

Output: Hello, world!

Output should be:

title: Skript+/Hello, world!


text:
User:JohnH~enwiki

See the User:JohnH~enwiki page on English Wikipedia.

title: User:JohnH~enwiki


text: Category:Book:Skript+

title: Category:Book:Skript+


text:
Skript+/Variables

Now, it's time for: variables!

To create a variable in Skript+, you need to type as following:

%x%: 8

Or, if you like, there is a alterative:

4*6 => %y%

Examples
This example calculates the square of 5: 5 => %x% %x%*%x% => %y% Output: The square of %x% is: %y%

This example outputs "Hi! This is Skript+!" on the chat:

'Hi! This is Skript+!' => %x% Output: %x%

Exercise
Write a program to print the sum of 12 and 31.

title: Skript+/Variables


text:
Skript+/Q&A

 Welcome to the Skript+ questions and answers page. Post any questions you have while learning Skript+. Please sign and date your entries by inserting  --  at the end. If you have questions about this book, post them on the Skript+ discussion page.

[ Ask a question!]

title: Skript+/Q&A


text:
Talk:Skript+

Hello!
This is the talk page for Skript+, a concept scripting language! Post and sign your messages here! Use -- ~ for signing! MihaiBooksWiki (discuss • contribs) 16:54, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Skript+


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1916L00212

Summary:Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 C1916L00212 SR 1916 No. 212, 6 September 1916 (in operation 1 September 1916)

Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916
The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War.

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A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1916 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:

 * Research - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Summary of research to date

 * FRLI - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Transcription of the instrument from the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments

 * Transcriptions and Notes - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - More than 10 transcriptions and notes, primarily from the NLA's Trove

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History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1916L00212/FRLI

STATUTORY RULES.
1916. No. 212.

_______

REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905–1915.
I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915 to come into operation on and from the 1st day of September, 1916.

Dated this sixth day of September, One thousand nine hundred and sixteen.

R. M. FERGUSON,

Governor-General.

By His Excellency’s Command,

J. A. JENSEN,

Minister of State for the Navy.

__________

Short Title.
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916.

Definitions.
2. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears —

“Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia;

“British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship;

“Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship;

“Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers;

“Land Station” means a station, not being a ship station, for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy;

“Ship Station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy;

“Territorial Waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any territory of the Commonwealth, and includes harbors;

“The Act” means the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915;

“The Minister” means “The Minister of State for the Navy”; “Naval Board” means the Naval Board of Administration appointed under the Naval Defence Act;

“Naval Secretary” means the Secretary to the Naval Board of Administration.”

Permits.
3. (1) The Naval Board may, at their discretion, grant permission for technical schools and similar institutions to conduct experiments in Radiotelegraphy for the purpose of. training students.

(2) The applicant for such permission shall satisfy the Naval Board that the experiments will be conducted only for the purpose of training students, and shall furnish, with his application, a complete list of the material intended to be used, together with the name and credentials of the person who, it is proposed, will give the instruction.

(3) The applicant shall further agree to allow Inspectors attached to the Radiotelegraph Branch of the Department of the Navy free access to the premises in which the experiments are carried out, for the purpose of inspection, as and when required.

(4) The permission shall be granted without charge, but the Naval Board reserve the right to withdraw such permission at any time, and their decision in the matter shall be final.

Licences.
4. (1) A licence shall be granted only in respect of a ship station on an Australian ship.

(2) A licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof but may be renewed from time to time.

Fee for Licence.
5. The fee for a licence shall be One pound and shall be paid in advance.

Application for a Licence.
6. (1) An application for a licence must be in writing, and must set out the following particulars:—

(a) the name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for;

(b) the port in Australia at which the ship is registered; and

(c) the system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship.

(2) Before granting the licence the Minister may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary.

Condition as to Syntony, etc.
7. Before any licence is granted, the applicant must satisfy the Minister that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence complies with the Regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave length.

Licence to be in Triplicate.
8. (1) Every licence shall be made out in triplicate, and two parts shall be issued to the licensee and the other retained in the Department of the Navy.

(2) Before the licence is issued to the applicant he shall execute the part of the licence to be retained in the Department.

Renewal of a Licence.
9. (1) A licence may be renewed by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed.

(2) The memorandum of renewal must be signed by the Minister or by the Naval Secretary.

(3) The renewal may be made at any time within one month before or one month after the expiry of the licence.

(4) The memorandum is to be written on each part of the licence, but in the case of the licensee’s parts it shall be in the form of a receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or by the Naval Secretary, which receipt is to be attached by the licensee to his part.

Revocation of Licence.
10. The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and. determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any Regulation for the time being in force under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915, or on any other ground specified in the licence.

Powers of Inspection.
11. The Naval Board or any person authorized in writing by the Naval Board may at all reasonable times enter upon any ship station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may inspect such appliances and the working and user thereof.

Communications between Ship and Land Stations.
12. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether British, foreign, or Australian) in territorial waters and a wireless telegraph station on land, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at that station shall be observed.

Application of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and Regulations.
13. The provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of private messages, whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and whether at land stations or ship stations, and to all messages handled by such installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith.

Appliances to be Worked so as to Avoid Interference with other Appliances.
14. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether an Australian ship, a British ship, or a foreign ship) in territorial waters shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with—

(a) Naval or Military signalling; or

(b) the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations.

(2) In this Regulation Naval or Military signalling includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Dominion Naval or Military Forces.

Appliances not to be Worked while Ship Moored to any Wharf or Pier.
15. Except by permission of the Naval Board, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth.

Application of Defence Regulations to Foreign Ships of War in Harbors.
16. The use of wireless telegraphy appliances, on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth, shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General may think fit to make.

Powers of Governor-General in Emergencies.
17. If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the Gazette prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters.

Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies.
18. (1) In case of emergency, the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may—

(a) take possession of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed on any ship in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or

(b) place any person in control of any such appliances; or

(c) direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of such appliances; or

(d) stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or

(e) direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of such appliances.

(2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this Regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof.

(3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this Regulation.

(4) The Minister may notwithstanding anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 by order published in the Gazette, prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any radiotelegraph station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with His Majesty the King or the possessions thereof.

(5) Any order under sub-regulation (4) of this Regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances.

Operators’ Proficiency Certificates.
19. (1) Every ship station in respect of which a licence is issued must be operated by a person or persons holding a certificate of competency or certificates of competency issued by the Naval board after examination, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire.

(2) Certificates of competency shall only be issued to natural-born British subjects, and shall be of two classes, namely: —

(a) 1st class—issued to persons over 18 years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than 20 words per minute; and

(b) 2nd class—issued to persons over 18 years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than 12 words per minute.

(3) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which such candidate is examined. A certificate of competency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of such certificate, One pound for the second copy and Two pounds for any subsequent copies. In case of failure a candidate shall not be re-examined in any system or under any circumstances until after the lapse of three months.

Use of Wireless Telegraphy for Military Purposes.
20. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the military authorities of wireless telegraphy for military purposes. Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Naval Board.

Charges.
21. The total charges for messages transmitted and received for any duly authorized Wireless Station within the Commonwealth or licensed under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915 shall include:—

(a) the coast charge which belongs to the coast station;

(b) the ship charge which belongs to the ship station;

(c) the charge for transmission over the lines of the telegraph system (where necessary); and

(d) delivery charges (where necessary).

22. The rates for messages transmitted to or received from ship stations shall be as follows: —

(1) For ordinary messages—

(a) Coast station transmitting or receiving charge—

(i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 3d. per word;

(ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, 6d. per word.

(b) Ship station transmitting or receiving charges—

(i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 2d. per word;

(ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, not exceeding 4d. per word.

(c) Land line charge 1d. per word.

(2) For press messages—

(a) Coast station transmitting or receiving charge—

1½d. per word.

(b) Ship station transmitting or receiving charge—

Not exceeding 4d. per word, as determined by the ship authorities concerned;

(c) Land line charge, 1/3d. per word, odd fractions of one penny to be reckoned as one penny.

(3) For messages to or from ships of the British or Australian Navies—

(a)For official messages—

(i) There shall be no coast station charge.

(ii) There shall be no ship station charge.

(iii) Land line charge, 1d. per word.

(b) For private messages—

The rates and conditions shown in sub-Regulation (1) of this Regulation shall apply.

(4) For messages consisting of reports to Lloyd’s agents concerning marine casualties and overdue vessels: —

(a) Coast station charge, 6d. per word.

(b) Land line charge, 1d. per word.

The charges for these messages shall be collected from the addressee.

(5) The charge for relaying radiotelegrams, irrespective of the number of coast stations concerned in the relaying, shall be: —

(a) When the ships of origin and of destination are both licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 4d. per word;

(b) When only one of the ships concerned or when neither of the ships concerned is licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 7d. per word.

23. (1) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on islands within the Commonwealth Administration or between any stations established on such islands except Flinders Island and King Island shall be—

(a) For ordinary messages one penny per word per radio station involved, plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth.

(b) For press messages— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth.

(2) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on King and Flinders Islands shall be—

(a) For ordinary messages one halfpenny per word per radio station involved, with a minimum of One shilling per message plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth;

(b) For press messages— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth.

(3) For messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania at times when the local telegraph offices are closed, the rates shall be 3d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth, for such land line handling as is involved.

(4) For press messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania at times when the local telegraph offices are closed, the rates shall be 1d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth, for such land line handling as is involved.

(5) The rates for the radiotelegraphic transmission of deferred and week-end telegrams shall be one-half and one-quarter of the ordinary rates respectively.

(6) Delivery charges, if any, shall in all cases be paid by the addressee.

24. (1) Radiotelegrams conveying Christmas or New Year greetings may be lodged at any telegraph office in the Commonwealth for transmission to New Zealand or to vessels registered in Australia or New Zealand. In addition to the address and signature, such radiotelegrams may contain a text consisting of any one of the following phrases: —

(a) “Christmas greetings.”

(b) “New Year greetings.”

(c) “Compliments of the season.”

(2) The total charge for such radiotelegrams shall be: —

(a) For these addressed to New Zealand, 4s.

(b) For these addressed to vessels registered in Australia or New Zealand, 3s.

(3) Radiotelegrams containing the text “Christmas greetings” must be lodged on or before 23rd December, and these containing the text “New Year’s greetings” or “Compliments of the season” must be lodged on or before 28th December.

25. The total charge for messages transmitted to or from ships shall be paid by the sender.

Press Radiotelegrams for Publication on Ships.
26. (1) Press radiotelegrams for publication on ships shall be addressed to the commander of a ship, or to a newspaper published on board a ship, and shall bear in the address the words “for publication,” which words shall be charged for at press rates.

(2) The information contained in such press radiotelegrams must either be published in a ship’s newspaper or posted on a ship’s public notice board,

(3) Press radiotelegrams shall, subject to this Regulation, comply with the provisions of Articles 65 and 66 of the detailed Regulations attached to the International Telegraph Convention.

Refunds.
27. The full charge for a radiotelegram will be refunded when such radiotelegram is rendered useless through a fault of the telegraph service, and the full charge, less land-line charges, will be refunded when a radiotelegram cannot be delivered on account of the ship of destination having passed out of range.

Transmission of Shipping Intelligence by Telephone.
28. Information received at a coast station from vessels at sea, indicating the noon or midnight position, will be communicated by telephone to the owners or agents of such vessels on payment of One shilling per communication.

Ocean Forecasts and Weather Reports.
29. Ocean forecasts sent by the Commonwealth Meteorologist will be transmitted from radiotelegraph stations owned, operated, and maintained by or on behalf of the Minister to vessels at sea, and weather reports received at such radiotelegraph stations from vessels at sea, and addressed to the Commonwealth Meteorologist, will be transmitted, on payment of the following charges: —

For each communication not exceeding 20 words, 2s.; for each additional word, 1d.; plus one penny per word land line charge.

Repeal.
30. All Regulations previously made under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915, and in force at the commencement of these Regulations, are hereby repealed save as to any right, privilege or obligation acquired, accrued, or incurred thereunder.


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What You Should Know About Medicines/Liquid Solution

Liquid solutions are one of the common forms of medications used to administer drugs to patients. They are widely used for various purposes, including oral ingestion, topical application, and intravenous (IV) administration. Here are some essential points you should know about medicines in liquid solution form:

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Proper storage is vital for maintaining the stability and effectiveness of liquid medications. Some solutions may require refrigeration, while others can be stored at room temperature. Always follow the storage instructions provided by the pharmacist or on the medication label.

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Cookbook:Luwombo (Ugandan Steamed Meat and Vegetables)

Luwombo, a quintessential Ugandan dish, showcases the rich flavors and vibrant culinary traditions of the country. This unique cooking method involves steaming meat, vegetables, and a delightful blend of local spices in banana leaves, infusing the dish with an unmistakably authentic aroma and taste.

Ingredients

 * 1 lb (450 g) beef or chicken, cut into chunks
 * 1 cup diced red onions
 * 1 tablespoon minced garlic
 * 1 tablespoon minced ginger
 * Cayenne pepper
 * 2 tablespoons groundnut paste (or peanut butter)
 * 1 tablespoon groundnut powder (or peanut powder)
 * 2 tablespoons palm oil or groundnut oil
 * 1 cup diced sweet potatoes
 * 1 cup diced cassava
 * 1 cup diced green bananas (matooke)
 * 1 cup diced eggplant
 * 2 tablespoons ground crayfish (optional, for added flavor)
 * 1 cup fresh or canned coconut milk
 * 1 cup homemade chicken or vegetable broth
 * Salt, to taste
 * Banana leaves, for wrapping

Equipment

 * Cutting board
 * Knife
 * Large bowl
 * Steamer or large pot with a steaming rack

Procedure

 * 1) In a large bowl, marinate the meat chunks with minced garlic, minced ginger, groundnut paste, groundnut powder, ground crayfish (if using), salt, and cayenne pepper. Allow the meat to marinate for at least 30 minutes to absorb the flavorful blend.
 * 2) Heat palm oil or groundnut oil in a large pot or skillet over medium-high heat. Add the marinated meat and cook until beautifully browned on all sides, releasing an enticing aroma.
 * 3) Stir in the diced onions and cook until they soften and become fragrant.
 * 4) Add the diced sweet potatoes, cassava, green bananas, and eggplant to the pot.
 * 5) Pour in the fresh coconut milk and homemade chicken or vegetable broth, ensuring all the ingredients are immersed in the rich and creamy goodness. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer.
 * 6) Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot with a lid, and let the ingredients steam for about 1–2 hours until the meat is tender.
 * 7) Meanwhile, prepare the banana leaves by briefly holding them over an open flame to soften and make them pliable for wrapping.
 * 8) Take a portion of the steamed mixture and place it in the center of a banana leaf, folding the leaf around the mixture to create a packet. Repeat with the remaining mixture and banana leaves.
 * 9) Once all the packets are prepared, return them to the steamer or large pot with a steaming rack.
 * 10) Steam the luwombo packets for an additional 30 minutes.
 * 11) Serve the luwombo packets on individual plates.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Luwombo is often enjoyed with steamed rice or matooke, a dish made from green bananas, to complete the authentic Ugandan dining experience.
 * Luwombo offers a well-rounded nutritional profile, boasting proteins from the meat and an array of vitamins and minerals from the diverse vegetables used.


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Cookbook:Posho (Ugandan Cornmeal Porridge)

Posho is a staple dish in Ugandan cuisine, cherished for its simplicity and comforting taste. Made from maize flour, this hearty and nutritious porridge is a popular accompaniment to various Ugandan meals and is enjoyed by people of all ages.

Ingredients

 * 3 cups water
 * 1 cup maize flour (cornmeal)
 * 1 tablespoon butter or vegetable oil (optional, for added richness)

Equipment

 * Cooking pot
 * Wooden spoon or whisk

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 * 1) In a cooking pot, bring the water to a boil over medium heat.
 * 2) Gradually add the maize flour to the boiling water, stirring constantly with a wooden spoon or whisk to prevent lumps from forming.
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 * 5) If using, add butter or vegetable oil to the porridge and stir until well incorporated. This step adds a delightful richness to the posho.
 * 6) Remove the pot from the heat and let the posho rest for a few minutes before serving to allow it to set further.
 * 7) Serve the posho warm as a comforting and nourishing side dish with stews, vegetables, or any other Ugandan delicacies.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Posho is traditionally served with various dishes, such as beans, greens, or meat stews, adding depth and flavor to the meal.
 * Adjust the amount of water and maize flour to achieve your preferred consistency of the porridge. For a thicker porridge, use less water, and for a thinner consistency, add more water.
 * Feel free to garnish the posho with chopped fresh herbs, grated coconut, or a drizzle of honey for a personalized touch.
 * Leftover posho can be refrigerated and reheated the next day, making it a convenient and tasty leftover dish.
 * Posho is a rich source of carbohydrates and dietary fiber.
 * The versatility of posho allows it to complement various dishes.


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Cookbook:Gonja (Ugandan Fried Plantains)

Gonja is a delightful and popular snack loved by many in Ugandan cuisine. These sweet and savory fried plantains are a staple street food, enjoyed as a quick treat or a side dish to accompany main meals.

Ingredients

 * 2 ripe plantains
 * Vegetable oil, for frying
 * Salt, to taste

Equipment

 * Knife
 * Deep frying pan or pot
 * Slotted spoon
 * Paper towels

Procedure

 * 1) Begin by peeling the ripe plantains and cutting them into diagonal slices about ½ inch thick. You can choose to slice them straight or at an angle for a different presentation.
 * 2) In a deep frying pan or pot, heat vegetable oil over medium-high heat. The oil should be deep enough to submerge the plantain slices.
 * 3) Carefully add the plantain slices to the hot oil in batches, making sure not to overcrowd the pan. Fry the plantains for about 2–3 minutes on each side until they turn golden brown and crispy.
 * 4) Use a slotted spoon to remove the fried plantains from the oil and place them on paper towels to drain excess oil.
 * 5) While the plantains are still hot, sprinkle them with a pinch of salt to enhance their flavor.
 * 6) Serve the gonja while warm as a delightful and irresistible snack or side dish.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Ripe plantains with black spots on the skin are ideal for making gonja, as they are sweeter and softer when fried.
 * For a sweeter version, you can dust the fried plantains with a sprinkle of powdered sugar or drizzle them with honey.
 * Gonja can also be served as a side dish to accompany savory main dishes, adding a touch of sweetness to the meal.
 * These fried plantains can be enjoyed as a tasty snack on their own or paired with a cup of Ugandan tea or coffee.
 * Gonja provides a satisfying combination of carbohydrates, natural sugars, and dietary fiber from the ripe plantains.