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History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1924 10 03

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scan of Australasian Radio World – Vol. 01 No. 04 – August 1936 has been utilised to create the partial content for this page and can be downloaded at this link to further extend the content and enable further text correction of this issue: | ARW 1936 08

In general, only content which is required for other articles in this Wikibook has been entered here and text corrected. The material has been extensively used, inter alia, for compilation of biographical articles,  radio club articles and  station articles.

Front Cover
THE WIRELESS WEEKLY

Registered at the G. P. O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper

Vol. 4 — No. 25; FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1924.

Price — Threepence.

Cover Graphic: Shield.

Cover Advertisement: You may have a STAGE of Radio Frequency Amplification in your set, but you cannot get maximum Amplification unless your set has a COSSOR VALVE Price 20/- The P 2 Cossor Valve is the only valve made specially for Radio Frequency that fits a standard socket. Obtainable at Sydney and Melbourne Radio Stores DISTRIBUTORS: New System Telephones Pty. Ltd. •SYDNEY MELBOURNE ADELAIDE BRISBANE and PERTH

Cover Feature: Another GOOD CRYSTAL RECEIVER

Tags: Nil

United Distributors Ltd Ad
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Wireless Supplies Ltd Ad
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United Distributors Ltd Ad
No. 61C Hi No. 604 No. 654 No. 600 Make Your Set Efficient in every detail with Frost Guaranteed Parts By using FROST Parts you can absolutely DEPEND on your Set—every link will be strong and reliable. Though made with the same delicate precision as the parts of a watch, Frost Parts possess a sturdy strength which ensures long as well as satisfactory service. FROST RHEOSTATS AND POTENTIOMETERS. FROST-RADIO Metal Frame Rheostats and Potentiometers. Equal in operation to the best moulded type, with precision, operation of all moving parts and guaranteed resistance wire. Frame made of heavy sheet brass, nickel-plated, and formed so as to give a rigid construction both to the windings and the contact arm. Central mounting thimble with locating tip prevents turning when mounted on panel. Washers provided to fit panels of varying thickness. Fluted moulded knob and nickel-plated pointers. No. 600, 6 ohms 5/6 No. 602, 35 ohms 5/6 FROST-RADIO Bakelite Potentiometer. A handsome potentiometer, with genuine maroon bakelite frame and black polished bakelite knob. Wound with best grade resistance wire, with smooth- working lever and knob. Has three knurled brass binding posts, nickel-plated and polished. A feature of this potentiometer is the panel method of mounting, with single hole attachment and locating tip to maintain in desired position. No. 654, 400 ohms 9/6 FROST-RADIO Metal Frame Vernier Rheostat. Same design as No. 600 Metal Frame Rheostat, but with special type Vernier, which gives precision adjustment over the range of a single wire by means of a smooth-working vernier arm rotated by the knob, a piece of apparatus that reflects quality. No. 601, 6 ohms 7/6 No. 604, 35 ohms 7/6 FROST-RADIO Bakelite Tube Control Unit. Made of maroon bakelite, with black bakelite control knobs. Combines in one unit rheosat with vernier, and potentiometer, with two-knob control. Finest materials throughout. Fitted Vith fine nickel-plated knurled binding posts. All controls work with extreme smoothness. A valuable addition to any set. No. 607, 6 ohms Vernier and 200 ohms Potentiometer 17/6 No. 610, 35 ohms Vernier Rheostat, and 400 ohms Potentiometer 17/6 SEE YOUR DEALER. UNITED DISTRIBUTORS LTD. (Wholesale Only), 72 Clarence St., Sydney; 592 Bourke St., Melbourne; and at HOBART, BRISBANE, ADELAIDE, PERTH, WELLINGTON.

United Distributors Ltd Ad
DEALERS. CALL AND SEE UNITED DISTRIBUTORS LTD. NOW LOCATED AT THEIR NEW SYDNEY OFFICE, 72 Clarence Street Distributors of the following well-known lines: ASK FOR THESE LINES AT YOUR DEALERS. Frost Lines (See Page 2) United Coils & Coil Mountings Signal Variable & Fixed Condensers Columbia 2 & 3 Coil Mountings Freshman Condensers & Antenallas Muter Condensers- Grid Leaks Reliance Condensers Fortevox Crystal Detectors Pico Head Phones Cutler Hammer Rheostats Atlas Loud Speakers Signal Loud Speakers Music Master Loud Speakers Brandes Table Talker United Transformers Bradleystats Bradleyleaks Erla Bezels Astrophone Crystal Sets Metro Crystal Sets Fortevox Junior Crystal Sets Q.S A Crystals YOUR DEALER WILL SHOW THESE LINES. Manufacturers of RADIOVOX RECEIVING SETS AND SIGNAL HOME ASSEMBLY SETS and at Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, Brisbane, Wellington.

David Jones Ad
u New Shipment OF WIRELESS ACCESSORIES David Jones’ have just received a new shipment of Wire- less Accessories. These include many new items, which are well worth inspection. Radiotron, 201 A Valves. Price 35/- New Type A.P. Dry Cell Valves. Priced at 30/- Earthing Switches, neatly fitted on porcelain base, Single Pole, Double Throw. Price. 2/6 Double Pole, Double Throw. Price, each 3/3 B. Battery Clips, special quality, Spring Steel. Price 6d. A. Battery Clips, Galvanised, Each 1/3 "Siemen’s" Vacuum Lightning Arrestors, Price, each 12/6 TWO-VALVE SET COMPLETE FOR £l9/10/- Designed and built in our own workshop, and employing the famous P.I. circuit. Neatly enclosed in highly polished Rosewood Cabinet. Set includes two 201 A Valves, 6 volt Accumulator, two B Batteries, Set of Honeycomb Coils, one pair ’Phones, 100 ft. Aerial Wire, Insulators. Complete, £l9/10/- DAVID JONES’ FOR RADIO SERVICE 25 2 YORK STREET, SYDNEY

P. H. Clark Ltd Ad
WALNART VARIABLE CONDENSERS A dependable, highly efficient Condenser for quick, accurate tuning. The plates are .025 in. hard, high conductive aluminium. The spacing between stator plates is not dependent upon washers, poured lead, or other makeshift methods, but the plates are pressed and locked into the supporting studs. An exclusive WALNART feature. The spacing between stator plates is guaranteed accurate within one and one-half thousandth inch. The studs are securely fastened in highly polished Bakelite end plates, 3/16in. thick. Rotor contact is maintained by a heavy flat spring pressing on the end of shaft and also by an adjustable clamp spring which provides easy adjustment on the vernier shaft tension, as well as positive contact at all times. The Vernier type is recommended for fine tuning. It con- I sists of an extra rotor plate mounted on a solid brass shaft, which turns through a hollow shaft holding the rotor plates. Shafts are nickel plated. Each condenser is carefully inspected, given an electrical breakdown test and packed in a neat cardboard box. A template, to enable user to accurately lay out holes in panel, is furnished with each condenser. WALNART VACUUM TUBE SOCKETS The shell is cut from heavy brass tubing and the base is pressed from sheet brass, the moisture-proofed insulated blocks are pressed up into the base so as to obviate the use of bushings on binding posts, and at the same time provide positive insulation. Contacts are of nickel silver which insures against arcing and current leakage and providing positive pressure always. All binding posts are marked for connections and the entire socket is heavily nickel plated. They are electrically tested before packing and are packed separately with mounting screws, ready for use, in a neat cardboard box. P. H. CLARK LTD. 38-44 CARRINGTON ST., SYDNEY. ’Phone: City 8469. Wholesale Only. Box 914, 0.P.0.

Radio Service Store Ad
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Radio-W'less Mfg Co Ad
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Clarion Crystals Ad
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Keith Stokes Ad
MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY V -I m TYPE AH TYPE DH TYPE GH HONEYCOMB IND UC TANCE COIL TYPE TURNS.... RADIOKES Coils are wound to give ample spacing, and are impregnated with special low capacity compound. Are not affected by damp, ensuring maximum signal strength, maximum selectivity, maximum mechanical strength. RA m vV HONEYCOMB INDUCTANCE COILS h Trade Enquiries from KEITH STOKES Pty., 27 King-st., Sydney

Radioelectric Ad
Radioelectric DRAWS ATTENTION TO THEIR COMPLETE STOCKS OF WIRELESS ACCESSORIES which represent the most reliable and best known brands of everything needed for wireless. Those contemplating the installation of a wireless set are advised to consult us FIRST— our expert advice is gladly given, and will probably eliminate costly mistakes. Those living out of town are invited to take advantage of this service by mail. Catalogue Post Free on Request. "MARCO" ACCESSORIES Marco SPST Knife Switches, N.P 4/3 „ SPDT Knife Switches, N.P 5/- „ DPST Knife Switches, N.P 6/3 „ DPDT Knife Switches, N.P 7/- „ Series Parallel Switches, single hole mounting 8/9 „ DPDT witches, single Hole mount- ing 8/9 „ Variable Grid Leak, l-smg 10/6 „ 600 ohm. Potentiometers. . . . 13/9 „ 30 ohm. Rheostats 7/- „ "A" Battery Switches 7/- „ Plugs, N.P 4/6 „ Plugs, Brass 3/6 „ Back Mounting Inductance Switches 8/9 „ N.P. Shock Absorber, V.T. Sock- ets for 199 Valve 5/9 „ O.C. Jacks 2/6 Marco D.C. Jacks 3/6 „ Single Fil. Jacks 3/9 „ Double Fil. Jacks 4/3 50 Volt. "B" Batteries with wander plugs 13/- liin. Switches 1/9 Rheostats, 30 ohm 4/6 Rheostats, 6 ohm 3/9 Valve Sockets, for English Valves .. .. 1/8 Valve Sockets, for American Valves .. 3/9 Crystal Detectors, complete 3/6 400 ohm. Potentiometers 6/- 240 ohm. Potentiometers 5/6 R.C.A. R.F. Transformers, 200 to 5,000 meters 45/- Jefferson No. 41 Transformers 30/- Jefferson Star Transformers 22/6 3in. Graduated Dials 2/- 2in. Graduated Dials 1/6 Terminals, N.P 4d. Amplion Junior Loud Speakers £4 RADIOELECTRIC Wireless Suppliers 10 MARTIN PLACE (right opp. G P. 0.) SYDNEY Wireless Engineers

Amalgamated Wireless (A/asia) Ad
"Buy with care and you will build with satisfaction" "Igranic" Radio Devices Ensure Success The "Igratiic" H.R. Type Variometer is an efficient tuning unit of great selectivity. The spherical windings of both stator and rotor are self-supporting, and are protected by a cylindrical tube of the highest quality insulating material, which incidentally provides a rigid and easy method of panel mounting. It has an engraved dial. Price ... ... 36 - The "Igranic" Variocou^ler is a compact and efficient tuner. The tappings are so arranged that with only two multiway switches, inductance may be varied turn by turn, while any degree of coupling may be achieved by revolving the rotor, thus providing fine tuning and great selectivity. The windings have correct inductance ratios. Price ... ... ... 36/- The "Igranic" Triplug Coil Holder has a particularly smooth action. This holder is for use with honeycomb coib. The long insulated handles prevent body-capacity effects, enabling very fine coupling adjustments to be made. Specially designed for panel mounting. Price 28/6. Obtainable from all Radio Dealers Amalgamated U ustraiasia) -/gff- /ORlDHiti, WJ* 1 Wireless with 97 Clarence Street Sydney Collins Street Melbourne a

Wireless Weekly Banner
THE WIRELESS WEEKLY A Jo urn a/ Oefoted. to the Interests of wireless Enthusiasts both, Amateur and Professional Phones, Redfern 964 and 930. Official Organ of the New South Wales Division of the Wireless Institute of Australia, with which is incorporated the Affiliated Radio Societies and the Australian Radio Relay League. VOL. 4 No. 25. FRIDAY, OCT. 3, 1924.

Contents
CONTENTS: Page EDITORIAL 12 WIRELESS INSTITUTE' 14 PUSH-PULL AMPLIFICATION 17 NEW ZEALAND TRANSMITTERS. 19 AN EXCELLENT CRYSTAL RECEIVER. . 22 NEW DESIGNS IN DETECTORS .... 26 ROUND THE CLUBS ’ " 30 CLUBS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ’' " 36 INTERSTATE NOTES " 40

Publication Notes
EDITOR: The Editor will be glad to consider Technical and Topical Articles A. VV. WA11 of interest to Australian Experimenters. All Manuscripts and Illustrations are sent at the Author’s risk, and although the greatest care will be taken to return unsuitable matter (if accompanied by stamps), the Editor cannot accept responsibility for its safe return. Contributions should be addressed to the Editor, "Wireless Weekly," 33/37 Regent Street, Sydney, N.S.W. SUBSCRIPTION Twelve months (52 issues), 13/-, post free. Six months (26 KA1RS issues), 6/6, post free. Single Copies, 3d. each, or post free, 4d. Except in the case of subscribers, all Technical Questions, AIN &w EKE DEPT. or those entailing research work or drawings, must be accompanied by a postal note or stamps to the value of 1/-. ADVERTISING Advertising Rates may be had on application to the Advertising „ ., Manager. Copy must be in the hands of the Editor by the x* rmay preceding each issue. If copy is not received in time, the previous week’s advertisement will be repeated. All accounts should be made payable to Publbity Press Ltd., 33/37 Regent Street, Sydney. Agents in Great Britain: The Colonial Technical Press Ltd., Dudley House, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C. 2.

Editorial – Why Do They Do It?
EDITORIAL WHY DO THEY DO IT? A CORRESPONDENT has raised a question that, although it has been ventilated before, will easily stand digging up again. Quite a number of transmitters, after establishing communication with some particular station, immediately drop their call signs and do not use them again throughout the entire conversation; in fact, in a number of cases they omit /to send their call signs even when signing off. It is very disappointing to hang on to a two-way conversation for an hour or so, and then fail to get any indication as to the location of those sending. No doubt many a good D.X. record has been missed purely for the above reason. It is extremely handy for the purpose of checking up to know just who is on the air, and it is certainly a good suggestion that transmitters carrying on long conversations slip in a call sign now and then so that others can make a note in the log and tune in somebody else. It is rather a bump to imagine one is listening to a couple of Californians, only to find later that they are Victorians; but still, far better to know the worst than never to know at all. Another sensible move would be to punch the call sign three or four times when signing off for the night. Much confusion would be avoided if, when using ’phone, transmitters adopted the idea presented recently in these columns by 2JT. For instance, 2DS could easily be confused with 2BF, whereas if it were sent as 2 Don Esses there could be no possibility of an error.

Editorial – Dealers Please Note
DEALERS, PLEASE NOTE. A number of communications have reached us from country readers complaining that they have had poor service from various dealers advertising in this journal, and requesting us to endeavour to find a remedy. One correspondent states that his letters were ignored; another that his order took six months to execute and that no explanation was offered him. Others, again, mention that, owing to insufficient packing, goods were damaged in transit, and when complaint was made no satisfaction could be obtained. Now, the remedy is obviously not in our hands, but with the dealers. Service is that priceless asset in business which has the effect of binding customers by the strongest ties to one particular business house, and which ensures good support when times are bad. The country represents a field for selling that has scarcely been touched, and it is to those dealers who genuinely try to give service to country clients now that the bulk of the trade will go to when the wireless boom shifts from the city to the country.

Editorial – Long Distance
LONG DISTANCE Under the heading of "Long Distance" a daily paper gives just over two inches of space to the wonderful achievement of Frank Bell (N.Z., 4AA) in establishing two way conversation with a Californian amateur. Another paper affords it just one inch of space. It seems remarkable that what really constitutes one of the greatest records ever put up in wireless communication —a better record than the Australian speech reception from a high power station in Great Britain —should pass almost unheeded. If Bell had run 100 yards in an umpteenth of a second under the record, his reward would have been a full page. However, some are born to blush unseen, etc. The power used by 4AA is about 120 watts, and he is the first Australasian to establish contact with the United States. Congratulations, Bell! We are now waiting for an Australian to beat this record.

Editorial – Let Us Gloom!
LET US GLOOM! "Mind you, this fad will wear off, and the public will become sick and tired of the very name of wireless. Six months hence, there won’t be a receiver sold in Sydney. In San Francisco there are now only two radio stores, where there were once scores," and so on and so forth. Those were the utterances of the Sales Manager of an electrical firm to us the other day; at which we wept bitterly and went our way. Here is the actual position in America to-day. The Bureau of Statistics estimates that the sales Watch the Colored Paper !

of wireless apparatus in the United States for 1924 will reach the biggest figures yet. Next year is considered to have even greater possibilities. The number of broadcasting stations has reached such proportions that it has become necessary for certain stations to share a wave length. In Los Angeles, there is now established what is known as "Radio Row," which compares in importance with the automobile and furniture rows. On Radio Row are located nine huge radio corporations, and a big building has just been erected to accommodate Western Radio Incorporated, a large Californian concern. From the same informative American journal from which we obtained the foregoing figures we find that in Los Angeles alone in the month of May, 1924, five new wireless businesses were opened up. It certainly looks as though wireless is dead over there. To those pessimists and ill-informed people who make rash statements about slumps and other unpleasant things we can only repeat those words uttered by young George Washington when his dad accused him of maltreating the old apple tree: — "Where do you get that stuff?"

Editorial – The First One
THE FIRST ONE. Amateur Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency in Radio Telegraphy has been awarded to Mr. H. K. R. Thomas, 59 Harbour St., Mosman. His call sign is 2HT. Congratulations, Mr. Thomas, on being the first.

Editorial – Transmitting Tests
WIRELESS WEEKLY TRANSMITTING TESTS FINAL ARRANGEMENTS So that an opportunity may be afforded to everybody to take part in these tests, it has been decided to hold them from Monday, October 13th, to Sunday, October 19th inclusive. Unfortunately, Mr. Norman Hurll, 2BC, has been forced to withdraw as he is removing to new premises, but following transmitters will take part: 2CM, Chas. Maclurcan, Strathfield, 132 metres; 2JM, R. C. Marsden, Edgecliffe, 237 metres; 2DS, J. Davis, Vaucluse, 124 metres; 2GR, J. S. Marks, Rose Bay, 245 metres; 2YI, Phil. Nolan, Woollahra, 210 metres; 288, E. B. Crocker, Marrickville, 230 metres; 2DK, R. P. Whitburn, Leichhardt, 230 metres; 2CS, L. T. Swain, Hamilton, Newcastle, 230 metres; 2BF, L. E. Forsythe, Northbridge, 240 metres. Transmission will be in the following order, ten minutes being occupied by each station. (Continued on Page 15, Col. 1.) The Colored Paper in this issue tells a story that will interest you!

2CM, 10 p.m. to 10.10 p.m. 2JM, 10.10 p.m. to 10.20 p.m. 2DS, 10.20 to 10.30 p.m. 2GR, 10.30 to 10.40 p.m. 2YI 10.40, to 10.50 p.m. 288 10.50 to 11 p.m. 2DK, 11 to 11.10 p.m. 2CS, 11.10 to 11.20 p.m. 2 BF, 11.20 to 11.30 p.m. At 10 p.m. sharp (all times are Sydney time) 2CM will call "CQ. W.W. Test" on C.W. for 2\ minutes. Then signals on I.C.W. for 2 i minutes, followed by 5 minutes of music or speech, signing off on C.W. or I.C.W. 2JM will follow immediately, as above, and so on. To avoid possible confusion with other stations, each transmitter before closing, will announce the call sign of the station to follow. For the convenience of listeners, we have had forms printed which will enable them to keep an accurate record of strength of signals, atmospheric peculiarities, etc. A form will be sent to any amateur upon request. Any listener is welcome to join in, so if you have not already written us, don’t fail to do so right away for a form.

Direction Finding & The Howling Valve
DIRECTION FINDING AND THE HOWLING VALVE. The possibilities of tracing the source of howling valves by means of direction finders has been the centre of interest of the Mosman Radio Research and Experimental Laboratories for some time past, and although many difficulties have been encountered during that time, the continual perseverance and co-operation of the laboratories has been justly rewarded. Last Sunday at 6.30 p.m. the first D. F. patrol started out with apparatus mounted on a car, and for five hours’ observations were taken of many of the known stations in the district and altogether the evening’s work proved a huge success. The laboratories intend to leave no stone unturned to rid at least one district of the infernal bug bear, the howling valve, and this body holds it the duty of all persons possessing a regenerative receiver, and who are not quite familiar with the correct tuning of same, to approach the laboratories, where any help in this direction will be given without any obligation whatever. To this particular person, be he a broadcast subscriber or a junior experimenter, every assistance is offered. But to the other fellow who is neither a subscriber nor a genuine experimenter—

Wireless Institute of Australia
THE Wireless Institute of Australia N.S.W. Div.Inc. Incorporating the Affiliated Societies and The Australian Radio Relay League headquarters Room. 24 2"" Floor 'B2 Pdf Str. SYDNEY NSW Phil Renshaw Mon. Sec. Box 3120 G.PO Sydney Phone 82235 A.H.R2rrei? Publicity Officer As reported in these columns last week, a good deal of interest was raised at the last meeting of the N.S.W. Division of the Wireless Institute, over the question of closing down amateur stations during broadcasting hours. A reference to last week’s notes will indicate the necessity for some action such as this being voluntarily taken by the experimenter if he does not wish the authorities to be forced to take some step which may prove more hampering and unwelcome. In accordance with the resolution passed by the meeting, the letter appended at the end of these notes has been forwarded to all transmitters in N.S.W., together with the attached slip and although at the time of writing these were posted barely three days ago, already 24 signed slips have been returned to Headquarters in every case signifying a willingness to co-operate in this movement. Speaking of co-operation, it is encouraging to note the readiness with which experimenters generally will co-operate and make an effort to advance the cause of wireless in this country. Those who do not fall in line with this or any other movement which may be originated for the ultimate benefit of amateurs should carefully consider their position as by standing aloof they are not only retarding the progress of the cause generally, but they are cutting themselves off from their fellow-experimenters and sooner or later they will find that they have been left out of some important move simply due to their own lack of co-operation in past times. The old fable of the man whose sons were always quarrelling and who one day called them around him asking them to break a bundle of faggots could well be taken to heart by experimenters. Each of the sons attempted the task but gave it up as hopeless and the old man then cut the string and taking each faggot separately, he broke it with ease, thus illustrating that while they were quarrelling each one could be easily disposed of, but by presenting a united front it was impossible to cause them any harm.

Radio Relay League. The meeting of transmitters called for Tuesday, 23rd September was held at Institute Headquarters, and it was decided to restrict membership at any rate for the time being, to a few enthusiastic members. The programme decided upon is rapidly being pushed ahead and it is expected that matters will be in full swing in a short time.

Notes. Mr. Phil. Renshaw, Hon. Secretary of the N. S. W. Division of the Wireless Institute, is now on a visit to Queensland, having left Sydney on Saturday, 27th September. He expects to be away for about three weeks. While he is in the Northern State, Mr. Renshaw will devote considerable time to the amateur wireless movement, and it is expected that this visit will be fruitful of much good both to local and Interstate interests. Mr. J. Malone, Chief Manager for Telegraphs and Wireless, was in Sydney during the last weekend. Before leaving for Queensland on Saturday, Mr. Renshaw had an interview with him with regard to the matter of experimental licenses. As a result of this interview, it is quite clear that Mr. Malone is quite in sympathy with the experimental movement, and we can rely on his ready co-operation in any reasonable proposition that may be put before him. 2CX reports that he heard Z4AG calling U.S.A. the other evening and signals were received Q.S.A. 2CX will soon be settling down to real hard work as much of his preliminary arrangements have now been completed. He would appreciate reports from any experimenters receiving his transmission. 2GM is now in the country, but expects to return in a few days. No doubt we shall hear him over the radio phone again at an early date. 2BF mentions the fact that he was heard in New Zealand one night last week, but the reply indicated that Station 2BL had been heard transmitting. 2BF should be more careful of his Morse signals as this has apparently caused no slight misLook for Colville Moore on the Colored Paper !

well all he need do is to get a license and be very careful when tuning his apparatus. To the broadcast subscriber is made an earnest and respectful appeal to exercise every care in tuning his apparatus at all times, especially after 10 p.m. on wave lengths below 300 meters, as all the traffic in progress at that time is amateur experimental test work carried out by men who are spending the greater part of their time in scientific research. The D.F. patrol, under the approving eye of the Department, will police the district very frequently in the future. understanding of late. Readers will be pleased to note that 2JM’s resurrection has been accomplished. Congratulations should be forwarded to him over the ether. We trust that he will enjoy much health and prosperity. A. H. PERRETT Publicity Officer. THE LEICHHARDT AND DISTRICT RADIO SOCIETY. On Tuesday, September 23rd, members of the Leichhardt and District Radio society held their 99th general meeting at the club-room, 176 Johnston St., Annandale. The attendance was all that could be desired, and as it had become necessary to postpone the delivery of the lecture on "Telephones," until the following meeting, it was decided to conduct a "Questions and Answers’ evening instead. The idea met with general approval, and the number of questions asked and replied to were many and varied. Such varied subjects as wave length, induction, interference, wave traps, and range were all dealt with, and all present spent a very enjoyable evening) Next Tuesday’s meeting will be a very busy one for members, it being the second annual general meeting, and as such important matters as the reading of the annual report, and the election of office-bearers for the ensuing twelve months are to be dealt with, a very good attendance of members is anticipated. It is expected that the annual report will reveal a very successful year of activity, and as increased membership will mean greater activity and an even more successful period ahead, local enthusiasts who have not yet joined up with the Society would be well advised to help along the good work by becoming members. Inquiries should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Mr. W. J. Zech, 145 Booth St., Annandale. Correspondence Garfield Street, Wentworthville, 16/9/24. The Editor, Dear Sir, With regard to my‘ reception of K.G.0., on August 30th, as published in "Wireless Weekly"— I have had many enquiries as to my circuit, etc., from readers of this paper. If you have the valuable space to publish this letter, I would be much obliged. j My set consists of a three coil regenerative circuit L. 1., L. 2., and L. 3. It will be noted from diagram that I have two aerial terminals A. 1., and A. 2., A. 2. being connected directly toL.2. This permits the use of two coils only, if desired, although the use of 3 is better for D.X., and in many other ways, as it does not cause so much interference with other listeners. lam using Spider Webb coils on this set, which I find very efficient. The primary, L. 1., consists of 60 turns of 26 gauge cotton covered wire; the secondary, L. 2, consists of 84 turns of 28 gauge, and L. 3, 38 turns of 24 gauge. With these three coils I reach a range of from 250 metres to 1200 metres wave length, although smaller coils wound with heavier gauge wire will serve better for the short wave lengths. Coils similar to the short wave receiver, as published in "Wireless Weekly", August 22nd should be used. I have a Radiotron Valve Model U.V.201-A, with a 35 ohm Rheostat. The panel is wired with 1/16 in gauge tinned copper wire. You will note I have reversed the position with phones and B. battery to the usual way; I consider it better as the H.T. reaches the anode of the valve without passing through the phones. My aerial is similar to that of the efficient short wave receiver, as published in "Wireless Weekly", August 15th. The three Spider Webb Coils are mounted similar to the ordinary honey- comb mounting. I remain, V AIIT*Q pfp HAROLD E. ORMEROD. 12 Gordon Street, Paddington. Dear Sir, In a current issue of W.W., page seventeen, the sending of Morse is advocated instead of phone. Now what about the cat whisker brigade who cannot read Morse? The broadcasting companies are giving good services, but their programmes are apt to lull, this no doubt being due to the apathy of the P.M.G. in not enforcing the licensing regulations, thus giving the broadcasting people more revenue so that they could vary their programmes more. The amateurs offer a good advertisement;' personally we always wait until 2BL closes down to see if 2YI is sending out any music. I hope you will publish this letter so that amateurs can see that they are not wasting their time sending music, and I take this opportunity of congratulating them on their good work. On with the dance, Mr. Nolan. Yours etc., MAX CARLTON. Mr. H. Rigby Gregory, Abbotsford Point, forwards a letter received by him from H. L. Hobler, Box 38, G.P.0., Rockhampton, Q., and, as he was not transmitting on the date referred to, he requests that the party concerned communicate with our Queensland friend. Box 38, G.P.0., Rockhampton, Queensland, sth Sept., 1924. Dear Mr. Gregory,— Further to my letter of a few weeks past. I suppose you have been wondering when you will hear that I have heard you. Well, I got some telephony at 7.40 p.m. on 2/9/24, and think I heard you call. Here is what I heard, and I hope you will confirm by letter if it is correct: — "Hello (repeatedly). This is..here..3, 4,5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, 11. This is 2ED here." "Hello" was said very often, and after this speech a little Morse was sent. If this did not come from your station, I would be pleased to know if you could tell me who sent it. I have also heard the following N.S.W. transmitters, but don’t know their addresses, so if you know them would you please send me their QRA — 2QG, 2KO, 2SR, 2YR, and 2ME. This last joker kept sending "Doggett de 2ME V,’ and I heard him from 6 p.m. on 2/9/24. Trusting you will confirm this report if correct, and awaiting an early reply. Yours faithfully, H. L. HOBLER. P.S. Was using three valves on you, no audio being used. REPLIES TO CORRESPONDENTS Glebe Point: We much appreciate your courtesy in forwarding your suggestions. It is always difficult to know what is wanted, but your letter gets down to brass tacks and gives us ideas which will be put into effect right away. Thank you! "Old Hand," Townsville: As you say procrastination is the thief of time, but we don’t think (Continued on Page 35, Col. 2.) The Colored Paper in this issue tells a story that will interest you!

Colville Moore Ad P.01
his Week’s Specials Read the Red Pages in this issue; they will save you both time, trouble and money. You can buy with a perfect assurance in knowing that all goods supplied by the House of COLVILLE-MOORE will be the best quality possible. 1 Quality Condenser. Plate, .001 15/- „ .0005 12/- .0005 10/- Honeycomb Coils. Single Slide Crystal Set of Col-Mo Design, £l/7/6. Condenser Dial, The Panel may be purchased separately complete 2/-. for 5/-. Slide Complete, 1/6. SHU Catswhisker Holder, Bushed Switch, 1/6. Crystal Cup, 6d. 1/3. COLVILLE MOORE WIRELESS SUPPLIES LIMITED 10 ROWE STREET NEXT HOTEL AUSTRALIA SYDNEY

Colville Moore Ad P.02
Keep this Price List by you for Reference. It’s the COLVILLE MOORE PARTS LIST AERIAL WIRE.—3/20, 3/-; 1/16, 3/-; 7/20, 6/6; 7 '22, enamel, 7/6 per 100 ft. Heavily insulated, 5/22, 3d.; 1/18, 2d. per yard. INSULATORS. —White, reel, 3d. Strain, egg type, sd. Brown, loop, Bd. Electrose, 1/-. Ebonite, 2/6 each. Lead-in insulators, porcelain, 9d. Ebonite. Gin., 1/6; 9in., 2/-. Marconi, 6in., 6/6 each. ACCUMULATORS.—Dry or charged. Exide, 2 volt, 40 amp., £l/1/-. 2 volt, 6UA., £l/6/-; 2 volt, 80, £l/13/-. 2 volt, 100, £2. 4 volt, 40, £2/2-. 4 volt, GO, £2/12/-; 2 volt, 80, £3/6/-. 2 volt, 100, £4. G volt, 40, £3/3/-. 6 volt, 60, £3/18/-; 6 volt, 80, £4/19/-. 6 volt, 100, £6. U, x, L, same price as above supplied with carrying plates up to 8/- extra. AERIAL SWITCHES.—S.P. D/T., porcelain base, 2/6. M.P., Ebonite base, 4/8. D.P. D.T., porcelain base, 4/6. Ebonite base, 6/8. BATTERY SWlTCHES.—Cultlerhammer, 4/6; Marco, SJ-; Frost, 4/-. BATTERY CHARGES. —Tungar, 2 amp. charging rate, £6/10/-; 5 amp., £9. B. BATTERY CLIPS. —6d. each. Accumulator Clips, V-. BATTERIES.—Ever Ready, 31 volt, 8 taps, 9/6; 42 volt, 12/6. 4.5 volt, flashlight cells, 15/- doz.; 1.5, 3/-. 4.5 dry cell valves, for dry cell valves, 12/6 each. Hellison 45 volt tapt, 13/6; 60 volt taps, 21/-. Ever Ready (American), 22 volt, 18/-; 45 volt, 30/-. BRADLEY STATS.—I3/9. Bradley Leak, 13/9. Bradley ometers, 13/9. BUZZERS.—Watch type, 5/-. Square, 6/- each. Transmitting, high tone, 15/-. BAKELITE SHEET.—I/Bth, 10/6; 3/16th, 16/-; f, 24/- per sq. ft.; small quantities, Id., l£d., and 2d. per square in. BINDING POSTS.—N.P., 4d., 5d., and 6d. each. Bakelite top, 5d., 6d. each. Engraved, set of 8, 4/6. BEZELS. —Or Peep Screens. United, fin., 9d.; l£in., lOd. each. Marco, moulded, fin. and l/3 ea.; black finish, 1/6. CONDENSERS, FIXED.—CoI-Mo .00025 Grid Con- denser, 1/6. .001 'Phone Condenser, 1/6; .002, 1/9. Dubllier, 601, .0025, .0005, 2/9; .001, .002, 3/-; .004, .005, 4/-; .006, 4/8. Type 610 moulded, .001, .002, .0025, 4/8; .003, .004, .005, 6/2. Type 600, .0025, with clips, 4/6. Muter .00025 Grid Condenser, with clip for leak, 3/- each CONDENSERS, VARIABLE.— CoI-Mo, complete with knob and dial, .0003, 11-plate, 12/-; .0005, 23-plate, 14/-; .001, 43-plate, .17/-. MASTER VERNIER CONDENSERS.— With cal. dia Vernier knob, 11-plate, 36/-; 23-plate, 39/6; 43- plate, £2/3/6. Without Vernier and cal. dial, 23- plate, 25/-; 43-plate, 30/-. Dubllier Variodon, .0004, 15/6; .0006, 15/6; .001, 20/-. Polar, .001, .0005, 22/6. Gilfillan, 43-plate Ver., £2/9/-; 23- plate Vernier. CONDENSER SUNDRIES.— Mov. and Fixed Plat 1/9 per doz. Mov. Washers, lOd. per doz. Fix Washers, 6d. per doz. Ebonite End Plates, 1/9 pair. MUTER CONDENSERS.— .OOO2S Grid Condenser with clips for leak, 3/- each. CRYSTALS. —N.H.M. Galena, tested and guarantee 2/- and 1/- each. Q.S.A., 1/6 and 1/-. Zinei Bo'rnite Combination, 2/6 pair. Molybdenite, 1/6 Copper Pyrites, 1/6. CRYSTAL DETECTORS.— GIass enclosed, 5/6. Peiberthy, multi-point enclosed, 9/6. Mounted Bi< joint type, with 2 terminals, N.P., 6/6; Brass, 4 Unmounted on card, 2/9. CRYSTAL CUPS.— CoI-Mo, round table type, Hexagon, Bd. -Panel Mounting, 1/-. CONTACT STUDS.— N.P., £in. and f shank, wir: nut, 1/- per doz. Stops. Id, each. CHOKE COILS. —Meyers, inter valve, 22/6. Transmitting, 2,4, or 6 Henry, 37/6; 8, 10, or 12 Henry, 50/-; 20 Henry, £3/10/- to £4/10/-. DOUBLE SLIDE TUNERS. —Col-Mo, 27/6; Penbethy, 45/-. \ DIALS, CALIBRATE. —For Rheostats. Signal, 2in., 1/6; Master, 2in., 4/-. Potentiometers, Master, 2in., 4/-; for Condensers, 3in., 2/- and 2/6. Master, Bakelite, 3in., 4/6. Remler, Bakelite, 3in., 4/6. EBONITE SHEET.— I/Bth, 8/6; 3/16th, 11/-; |, 14 per sq. in. Ebonite Tube, 3|in. and 4in. outside diameter, 10/6 per sq. ft. COLVILLE MOORE WIRELESS SUPPLIES LIMITED 10 ROWE STREET HOTEL ™ TRAT ., A SYDNEY

Push Pull Method of Audio Frequency Amplification
Push Pull Method of Audio Frequency Amplification By W. A. STEWART MANY and varied are the new circuits that are continually being evolved as far as radio frequency and detector circuits are concerned, but very little is done with audio frequency amplifiers. Many people seem to think that two valves and two transformers give all that can be got. For average purposes these are quite satisfactory, but when unlimited volume, of exceptional quality is required the limitations of an amplifier of this kind are quickly realised. A third stage of audio is often attempted-, but without special transformers, distortion is particularly noticeable and parisitic noises are manifest. Resistance couplings can certainly be used, but unless the right resistance and battery voltages are obtained, the amplifier is liable to be noisy. These amplifiers require more valves and more B. battery, and usually three valves are required to give the results of two ordinarily. Until the advent of what is known as "Push Pull" circuits, and the necessary transformers, unlimited volume was out of the scope of the average experimenter. FIG 1 The push pull method of amplifying has certainly solved the problem of clear, distortionless, audio amplification, and I can certainly recommend the method to anyone who wants really good loud speaker operation, and plenty of volume. It is not very much good putting one of these amplifiers on to a poor receiver, as the amplifier amplifies faithfully and any distortion in the detector circuit will be reproduced, much worse in the loud speaker. The ordinary push pull circuit is shown in Fig. 1, and as will be seen, it utilises two transformers having a centre tap and two valves in parallel. With regard to the various components, about ninety to one hundred and fifty volts can be used with about twenty per cent. C battery or grid biassing battery. Use the same sort of valves on both sides of the amplifier; UV-201A’s are 0.K., but of course any power can be used. The transformers themselves have to be specially constructed so that the centre tap is exactly in the centre of the winding. I have found that the "All American" make of push pull transformers give extremely good results, and they can be recommended. FIG. 2. The theory of this method of amplification is that the impulse is applied to grids of the 2 valves exactly 180 degrees out of phase; that is one tube is in operation for one half of the cycle and the other tube for the other half. This method balances out or neutralises any distortion which usually crops up in the usual type of amplifier. Another way in which it may be explained is this. Owing to the irregular electron emission of the filament of the valve, the B battery voltage is fluctuating, and while one tube tends to increase the current, the other tube tends to decrease it; when the correct adjustment of B and C battery voltages has been obtained the valves balance each other and the output is fed into a special output transformer and transferred to the loud speaker or phones. For best results the push pull amplifier should be built into a special cabinet or unit, and separate B batteries used. Watch the Colored Paper !

Numerous experiments can be tried with an amplifier of this kind, and in Fig. 2 an amplifier is shown in which only one transformer is used, and two single phones on the one headband, connected to the output. The phones act as a sort of auto transformer. The amplifier will not give, surprising results off a detector alone, as it will amplify the high notes too much. However, it is really a power amplifier, and if a stage of straight audio amplification is used before it, it will act wonderfully. If greater amplification is desired, two stages of audio can be used, but in this case it is desirable to use transformers having a ratio of not more than three to one. FIG 3. No matter how well a transformer is designed it will not give even amplification over the whole range of frequencies. The average types usually amplify the high notes too much and the low notes too little, therefore the less transformers used, the less distortion will result. For this reason Circuit Fig. 2 should be very desirable. The circuit shown in Fig. 1 is a standard Push Pull Circuit and gives results that have to be heard to be appreciated. It is possible in my opinion to bring in as much DX on a circuit using noise- less audio amplification as it is on a circuit using radio frequency amplification. The push pull method seems about the best, as it is far quieter in operation than the average audio frequency amplifier, and I really believe that three stages of noiseless audio frequency amplification will give equally as good results as two stages of tuned radio frequency amplification, and furthermore no more controls are added to the set. I have heard a push pull circuit working and I was really surprised at the results. Local stations were coming in without any aerial or earth, and with the amplifier working all out with 150 volts on the plate it was impossible to hear yourself speak near the speaker, and the music and speech from a local amateur station were clearly audible 200 yards down the street. This was done on a "low loss" receiver having one stage of audio and a stage of push pull. The music was not only loud, but free from distortion and all announcements were easily understandable. Let us refer again to circuit No. 1. If the values of the C and B batteries are properly adjusted, no current will flow in the lead marked A. The secondary of an amplifying transformer could be connected in this lead without in any way interfering with the action of the push pull. It also follows that the current flowing in the lead marked B would be constant, so that in here we could connect a loud speaker, without affecting the amplifier. If we connected the input of transformer No. 1 to a receiver tuned to Broadcasters (2BL), the music would be heard in loud speaker No. 1, and FIG 4 if we connect the transformer No. 2 to a receiver tuned to Farmers (2FC) their music would be heard in loud speaker No. 2. This system is all right theoretically, but practically it is not workable. This is shown in Fig. 3 and should provide scope for some interesting experiments. In Fig. 4, after the tubes have acted in the push-pull fashion, the energy is again fed back and the tubes are used in parallel to amplify the signals again. This method gives splendid results, and when the correct values of C and B battery voltages are obtained it is very stable. The transformers must be well built and the tap must be in the dead centre to give the best results. In conclusion I would like to say that if more circuits using amplification of this type are used less of the so called poorness in loud speaker operation will be heard, and better, clearer music will result. SEE PAGES 2 and 3 FOR FROST LINES.

New Zealand Transmitters
NEW ZEALAND TRANSMITTERS HERE is a full list, right up to date, of amateur and broadcasting stations in New Zealand. Except where otherwise stated, the times mentioned are New Zealand time, one hour and a half ahead of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane time. 1 A.A. —C. N. Edwards, 42 Pollen Street, Grey Lynn, Auckland, N.Z. 160, 170, 180 metres. Transmits 6 p.m. to 7 p.m., 9 p.m. to 12 p.m. 1 A.B. —Penny, No. 11 Peary Road, Mt. Eden, Auckland, N.Z. 140 to 180. Transmits C.W. to 1.C.W., 6 p.m. to 7; Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, 6 —12 p.m. 1 A.C. —L. S. Spackman, 10 Ardmore Road, Ponsonby, Auckland. 155, 165, 175 metres. Transmits C.W., buzzer, modn., telephony, any and all times. 1 A.H. —Hartle and Gray, Hall Commerce, High Street, Auckland, N.Z. 155, 165, 175 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., ’phone, Monday, Wednesday, Saturday, 8 —10.45. 1 A.I. —Charles Sievier Goodwill, Hamilton. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 1 A.K. —Claxton, William Harry, Parawai Road, Thames. 140 metres. Transmits C.W. and T.C.W., 8 to 10.30 p.m. 1 A.M. —Hamilton Amateur Radio Club, Hamilton. 155, 165, 175. (No particulars.) 1 A.O.- —Russell Garland White, 125 Grafton Road Auckland, N.Z. 130 to 190 metres (now using 140 metres). Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and ’phone, 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. week days, and 6 p.m. to 1 a.m. Saturday, Sunday, and Monday nights. 1 A.Q. —Aymer Alexander Sommerville, Thames. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 1 A.R. —Frank Beesley Hobbs, 44 Le Arota Street, Claudelands, Hamilton, N.Z. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., telephony, most even- ings between 6 p.m. and 10.30 p.m. 1 A.S. —Ralph Eric Grainger, 88 Clarence Street, Ponsonby, Auckland, N.Z. 130 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonictrain, telephony. C.W., I.C.W. (chopper), fone (Heising modulation), 1800 to 1900 and 2220-2300 N.Z.M.T. and 1900-2200 irregularly. 1 A.U. —Rofl Ernest Lempriere Aubin, Auckland. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 1 a.V. —Rolf Ernest Lampriere Aubin, "The Oaks," Parnell, Auckland, N.Z. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony. Have not started transmission yet, but hope to do so within a month or so. 1 A.W. —-Robert Maxted, Queen Street, Thames, N.Z. 180 metres. Transmits C.W., T.C.W., tonic train, telephony, 6 p.m. to 12 p.m. Only at Xmas vacation, i.e., December I—March1 —March 1. Present address, Canterbury College, Christchurch. 1 A.Z. —James Reginald Therson, 17 Te Aroha Street, Claudelands, Hamilton. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., telephony, 6 p.m. to 7 p.m., 9 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. 1 F.C.—Robert Fred Douglas Burrell, Auckland. 160, 170, 180. (No particulars.) 1 F.F. —Vincent John Williams, 45 Valley Road, Mt. Eden, Auckland. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and ’phone. 1 F.H. —James Steel, Auckland. 140 metres. (No particulars.) * 1 F.l.—Herbert W. Batty, 22 York Street, Parnell, Auckland. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and ’phone, 6.30 p.m. to 11 p..m. 1 F.J. —George Henry Choules, Waiuku. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 1 Y.A.—Auckland Radio Service Ltd., Scots’ Hall, Symonds Street, Auckland. 330 metres. 500 watts input to set. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday evenings, 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. (Broadcasting station.) 1 Y.B. —Mr. C. H. Pearson, La Gloria Gramophones Ltd., 157 Karangahape Road, Auckland. 330 metres. Transmits Saturday, 7.30 p.m. to 10 p.m. Sunday connected up with the following churches, from which is broadcasted the entire church service: Church of Christ, West Street, Auckland, first Sunday in the month; the second Sunday in the month, Beresford Congregational Church; the third Sunday in the month, from Auckland Baptist Tabernacle; fourth Sunday in the month, Salvation Army. (Free broadcaster.) FROST LINES ARE SHOWN ON PAGES 2 and 3

2 A.B. —Dan Wilkinson, Motueka, N.Z. 125 to 150 metres. Transmits C.W. and telephony, 9 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. 2 A.C. —Ivan Henry O’Meara, 209 Harris Street, Gis- borne. 130 to 190 metres. Transmits C.W. and telephony, 6.30 to 12 (Greenwich time). 2 A.C. —Percy Ronald Stevens, Gisborne. 5 watts, 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 A.E. —Robert James, Gisborne. 140 metres. 2 A.F. —William John Sinclair, c/o W. Sinclair and Co., electrical engineers, P.O. Box 227, Gisborne. 150 to 200 metres (about 175 metres usually). Transmits 1.C.W., telephony, music, etc. No special nights; two or three nights every week. 2 A.H. —Wanganui Amateur Radio Club, Gordon S. Bissett, hon. sec., P.O. Box 423, Wanganui, N.Z. Station: Y.M.C.A. Buildings. 165 to 175 metres. Transmits broadcasting Tuesdays and Saturdays, 220 metres. 2 A.l. —Walter Leslie Harrison, 47 Austin Street, Wellington, N.Z. 60-140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony, 6.30 p.m. to 11 p.m. 2 A.J.—Henry Bransgrove, Broadway, Stratford. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony. At present only (telephony) music. Sunday evenings from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m., and sometimes on Thursday evenings from 8 to 10 p.m. 2 A.K. —Leslie Rowson, 99 Victoria Street, Hawera. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony. At intervals every night. 2 A.L. —A. C. Cooper, 3 Cecil Street, Ashfield. 225 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., telephony, 10 p.m. to 12 midnight. 2 A.M. —Dr. William Fred Buist, Hawera. 180 metres. (No particulars.) 2 A.O. —Gordon Albert John Brunette, Club Hotel, Opunake. 100 metres. Transmits C.W. and telephony, from 8 till 12 p.m. on ordinary nights, and during daytime on holidays. 2 A.P. —Percy Charles Collier, 17 Taft Street, Brook- lyn, Wellington. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., by chopper and fone, most any evening between 6.30 and 10.30 p.m. 2 A.Q. —Morton Wm. Coutts, Box 26, Taihape. 155, 165, 176 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., telephony, 8 p.m. to T. 0.30 p.m. 2 A.R. —Thomas R. Clarkson, 304 Nelson Street, Hastings. 110 metres and 140 metres. Transmits normal transmission pure D.C., C.W., also ’phone and 1.C.W., 6 p.m. to 7 p.m., and 8 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. 2 A.S. —Albert Edward Simpson, Wellington. 160 metres. (No particulars.) 2 A.U. —lan J. Innes, Radio Road, Nelson. 160, 170, and 180 metres. Transmits C.W. and I.C.W. Not working at the present time, but hopes to be going in the near future. 2 A.W. —Cecil Roy Clarke, 60 Edinburgh Terrace, Wellington. 120- to 140 metres. Trans- mits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, and telephony, 8 p.m. till 2 a.m. 2 B.C. —Eric William Beale, Hastings. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 B.F. —The Wilkins and Field Hardware Co. Ltd., Nelson. 160 metres. (No particulars.) 2 B.H. —Paul Bareham, 213 Nelson Street, Hastings. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., I.C;W., and ’phone, Saturday B—l 2, week nights 6 —7 o’clock and B—98 —9 o’clock. 2 8.l. —Harry Neville Shrimpton, Brookside, Nelson. 140 metres.’ Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., every evening 6.30 to 7 p.m., Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays 8.30 to 10 p.m., Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays 8 to 11 p.m. 2 B.J. —Allan Evans, Wellington. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 B.L. —Wellington College Radio Club, Wellington. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 8.0. —Ercel Mervyn Goffe, Gisborne. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 B.Q. —Edmund Dolbel Edmundson, Napier. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 B.R. —Kenneth Arundel Lambert, Wanganui. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 2 X.B. —Physics Dept., Victoria University College, Wellington. 60 to 140 and 395 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony. No fixed times, but generally be- tween 7 p.m. and 11 p.m. 2 Y.M. —Gisborne Radio Co., Gisborne. 3 A.A. —Reginald John Orbell, Christchurch. 175 metres. (No particulars.) 3 A.B. —Francis Vincent, Christchurch. 175 metres. (No particulars.) 3 A.C. —Radio Society of Christchurch, 158 Manchester Street, Christchurch. (No particulars available.) 3 A.D. —Blake, R. G. F., Blaketown, Greymouth. 140 to 180 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., telephony, 8 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. 3 A.F. —Leonard Francis Ball, 90 Nursery Road, Lin- wood, Christchurch. 130 to 185 metres, also sometimes from 100 to 130. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony, nightly from

6.45 till 7 p.m., and 8 p.m. till 10 p.m. 3 A.H—Henry B. Courtis, 69 Grey Road, Timaru. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., 10 p.m. till 11 p.m. 3 A.K. —Ernest Reynolds, Ashburton. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 3 A.L.—Wilfred Milne Dawson, 263 Wills Street, Ashburton. 140 metres. Transmits C.W. and 1.C.W., telephony, 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. every night, 8 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays. 3 A.M. —Bernard Tyndall Withers, Christchurch. 180 metres. (No particulars.) 3 A.Q. —James Ingram Smail, 188 Hereford Street and 263 High Street, Christchurch, N.Z. 230 metres. Transmits telephony, 8 to 10 each Wednesday, Saturday, and alternate Sunday evenings. 3 A.R. —David Wm. Buchanan, 74 Wills Street, Ashburton. 160, 170, and 180 metres. . Transmits C.W. at present 8.30 till 10 p.m. 3 A.S. —lan James McLean Paterson, Timaru. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 3 C.A. —H. W. Lavallin-Puxley, Farmleigh, Ealing. 140 metres. Transmits I.C.W. and telephony, 8 till 10 every night. 3 C.B. —Clyde Romer Hughes Taylor, 45 Weston Road, St. Albans, Christchurch. 170 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and telephony, usually after 10 p.m. on week days and B—l 28 —12 week-ends. 3 C.F. —Albert E. H. Simpson, 99 Amberley Road, Christchurch. 160, 170, 180. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and telephony, 7 p.m. to midnight. 3 C.G. —Harold Phillip Vincent Brown, Christchurch. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 4 A.A. —Frank D. Bell, Palmerston South. 120 to 180 metres. Transmits I.C.W. or voice for local and C.W. for D.X. work, week nights B—ll p.m., N.Z. time, and till all hours Saturday and Sunday nights. Usually calls C.Q. on 170 metres midnight Saturday. 4 A.B. —Otago Radio Association Incorp., P.O. Box 660, Dunedin. 180 metres (concession 300 metres). Transmits telephony and modulated key, Tuesday and Friday evenings 8 to 10 p.m., Sundays 2.30 to 4.30 p.m. 4 A.C. —Robert Edward Robinson, Dunedin. 175 metres. (No particulars.) 4 A.D. —Arthur Edward Jordan, 17 Biggar Street, Invercargill. 175 to 180 metres. Transmits C.W. and telephony, 6.30 p.m. to 11 p.m. every night. 4 A.G.—Ralph Slade, 15 Harbour Terrace, Dunedin. 140 metres. Transmits C.W. (A.C.), C.W., and sometimes fone and buzzer modulated, intermittently from 6 p.m. to midnight, and after if necessary. 4 A.H. —lan Sinclair Macdonald, 45 Royal Terrace, Dunedin. 140 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and telephony, any time. 4 A.J. —Claude Norman Douglas McGregor, 131 En- gleton Road, Mornington, Dunedin. 140 metres normally. Transmits mostly telephony, occasionally 1.C.W., fairly regularly on Thursday evenings at 8 o’clock. 4 A.K. —William L. Shile, Post Office Box 519, Dune- din. 130 to 180 metres. Transmits C.W. and 1.C.W., fone, dark to midnight. 4 A.L. —Arnold Henry McLeod Crubb, 53 Sligo Terrace, Roslyn, Dunedin. 155 metres. Transmits C.W. and ’phone. 4 A.M.—William McGill, Crockett, Palmerston. 140 metres (and lower). Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and fone, 6.30 p.m. until midnight, or later by arrangement; Saturday from 6.30 p.m. till Sunday 4 a.m. 4 A.O. —Thomas Edward Scott, Dunedin. 140 metres. (No particulars.) 4 A.P. —Invercargill Amateur Radio Club, Hallenstein’s Buildings, Invercargill. 170 to 190 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., and telephony. 4 A.R. —W. Grey Wilkinson, 21 Melrose Street, Rosedin. Transmits C.W. and telephony nightly N.Z. M.T. 4 X.O.—Professor Robert Jack (for University of Otago), Dunedin. 395 metres. (No particulars.) 4 Y.A.—British Electrical and Engineering Co., Dunedin. 370 metres. (No particulars.) 4 Y.O.—Radio Supply Co., Dunedin. 370 metres. (No particulars.)

Sale & Exchange
EXCHANGE 2 Phillips B 2 for D 2 Lamps. SALE, Manhattan Speaker, (second hand) 10 inch mouth £5/0/0. Wm. Henderson, Box 43 COLAC, Victoria.

DX
D.X. Mr. J. Rowe, of Punchbowl, forwards his D.X. list from 31st August to 14th September. Results were on 1. Myers valve: —2GQ, 2HM, 2RJ, 2CR, 3XP, 3BQ, 30T, 3BD, 3BM, 3BG, 3XO, 3DB Morse 4 H.? Morse, SAN, SDN, SCT, SBF. K.G.O. on Ist September. Look for Colville Moore on the Colored Paper !

An Excellent Crystal Receiver
AN EXCELLENT CRYSTAL RECEIVER By "Insulator." \/OU will know that old song, which starts, "I’m -l Forever Blowing Bubbles," to be applicable to me, it should read, "I’m Forever Answering Letters." These letters—Oh, Glory—they seem to come nineteen, to the dozen sometimes I am snowed under and have to gradually wear the pile down by consistent application. This is Sunday, and don’t I know it; so do the neighbours, for "Querists" come from all directions to me on Sunday. The ’bus driver is making a permanent stopping place at my home; he tells me that some of his passengers just pass up their fares and mention my name as their destination. ’ However, my intention is to describe a "natty’ little crystal receiver. I have just finished making it, and while writing, I am listening to an auto-harpist from Farmers, and a boy soprano, both of which came in very well on this set. The photographs will show you the completed article which is very simply made and well worth the effort. You will note the three terminals on the left side of the panel. These provide for series or parallel tuning of the condenser. I will tell you about this later. Here is what you need for this receiver: 1 piece of bakelite or ebonite, size 9in. x 6 in. x l/Bin. 1 77a 23 variable condenser (.0005). 1 switch arm. 11 contact studs. 2 stops. 2 terminals. 3 binding posts. Front View of Panel.

1 Grodan crystal detector and cup. 1 Grodan tube, 3iin. in diameter. 1 yard bell flex. 4 oz. No. 26 D.C.C. wire. 1 3in. dial. You will note I have again specified the 77a 23 variable condenser. This only requires a 3/8 in. hole for fixing to panel. Bakelite is preferable to ebonite, but even good dry 3 ply wood, well shellaced, will suffice for the panel. Now this little set will fit nicely into a small cabinet. Personally, I haven’t given any dimensions for this as most people prefer to design their own—when I say most people, I don’t include myself in "most," as 1 am by no means a woodworker. I remember one time I started to make a medicine chest—that is as far as it got—started! But back to our set. The fir?t job to be done is to wind the former. Pierce 3 holes in the tube h an inch from the end and thread the 26 D.C.C. wire through and wind on 110 turns, taking the tapping on the outside of the coil at every tenth turn. Get that clearly now? Take a tapping at the 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th, FIG. 4 90th, 100th, and the last turn, 11 taps in all (see Fig. 3). If this is wound tightly, you will not have any occasion to shellac it. Trim up your bakelite, ebonite or wood whichever you have for a panel, and polish it; if bakelite, or ebonite, with Brasso. Next mark Back View of Panel

a 8 for components, the dimensions being given in Fig. 4. Once again let me tell you I always space the centres of my contact studs 3/8 of an inch apart, and again let me point out that I cannot give you the exact dimensions for the contact studs, on account of the varying radii of these artides. Still, I know you will manage O.K. Assemble your contact studs, switch, terminals, bind- Fig. 3. Watch the Colored Paper!

ing posts, crystal detector, and variable condenser. Binding posts, by the way, I call those terminals which have no hole, but which have a milled nut screwing down to a base. Ask for binding posts to distinguish from telephone terminals. On the set I made, I intended to have nickelled binding posts, and at the last minute on Saturday I purchased three, which were given me in a nice little envelope. This I opened on Sunday morning, only to find that one was odd. Hence the bakelite top terminals. Most people I know, must be gifted like I am, in so far as making receivers on Sunday is concerned. I know I always find that I am short of a few nuts or washers, or screws, just when I need them most and just when every place is closed. Then the whole house is turned upside down in a hopeless search for something to suit. Nuisance, isn’t it? (Mrs. Insulator will endorse this.) However, wire up the panel top telephone terminal to detector, crystal cup to top aerial terminal (Al), thence to fixed plates of variable condenser. Movable plates of variable condenser to middle aerial terminal (A 2), earth terminal (E) to switch arm, and then on to the bottom telephone terminal. Leave the panel down for a few moments and scrape the insulation off the tappings. Cut the bell flex into 6 inch lengths and bare 1/4 of an inch off each end. While this is being done, put the soldering iron on to heat, and when hot, put a drop of solder on the end of each stud. This is known as tinning, and is easily done if you put a small piece of flux or a drop of Baker’s Soldering Fluid on to the end of the stud and then tipping with the iron and leaving a small ball of solder on the end. Having done this, lay the bare end of the flex on the tinned stud, and touch again with the iron. This will solder the flex to the studs, and you can now solder each piece of flex to its respective tap. When soldering, keep your iron clean by dipping it into the soldering fluid occasionally. I can do the job more quickly than I can tell you since a friend showed me the way. The last connection is completed by connecting the beginning of the coil to crystal cup, or to Al. Place the former around the variable condenser, that is, condenser inside the tube and everything should be O.K. Oh! A .001 Wetless phone condenser connected across the telephone terminals is an improvement. Now look at your handiwork. The binding posts a bit loose, are they? Pack a condenser washer behind. Everything else alright? Good! Insert a piece of N.H.M. Galena in the cup and connect your phones to the telephone terminals, earth to E, and aerial to A 2. This places the aerial tuning condenser in series, which is better for short wave lengths such as amateurs and Broadcasters (2BL). To receive Farmers, link A 2 to E, using a piece of bare wire for the purpose, and connect earth to E, and aerial to Al. The condenser is now in parallel, which brings the wave length up. Tune in with the switch first and then gradually bring the condenser round until the signals are loudest. It won’t take you long to understand the set, and you will be very pleased with the results achieved. "This station is now closing down, etc., etc. Goodnight everybody, go-o-dnight."

Can You Give It A Name?
CAN YOU GIVE IT A NAME? Mr. Barlow, of Armidale, N.S.W. (2GQ) hands us a query which we pass on to the gang in the hope that someone can tell us the Q.R.A. of the chirper. Here's what 2GQ says: Has any experimenter heard the call signals (on approximately 120 metres) 9LCO and 12LCO? Listened to this station on Saturday and Sunday last between the hours of 1730 and 1945 and he gave the following consistently (in fact he repeated a lot of traffic in either the French or the Mexican language). "V’s" and signs 9LCO and 12 LCO and sent LPZBK. BK. He then repeated five times "punch ZWO and ZSS." He was on C.W. and although weak and faded a fair amount, his signals were QSA enough to read well. Probably he is a commercial station, but cannot locate him in any list I hold. Also, can you inform me the Q.R.A. of station 2XD? He was repeating the following for 2 \ hours on Saturday evening last from 1715 to 1950. "ABC de 2XD." (We have the latest lists, but neither 9LCO nor 12LCO are shown in the United States files. At a rough guess we should say they were stations of the United Fruit Co., which intercommunicate in the vicinity of Panama. Can anybody tell us? (2XD is not shown in our N.S.W. or N.Z. list. He may be a very recent N.S.W. licensee. The only 2XD we have on record is the Ware Radio Co., New York City. We wouldn’t like to say this was the bird 2GQ heard—still you never can tell, can you?) The Colored Paper in this issue tells a story that will interest you!

Novel Designs in Crystal Detectors
NOVEL DESIGNS IN CRYSTAL DETECTORS BY W. A. STEWART. jl/TOST amateurs are well acquainted with the -lM- conventional "ball-socket" type of crystal detector, and a complete set of parts for constructing such an instrument may now be purchased so cheaply that it does not pay to make them. The main parts are illustrated in Fig. 1, and are too well known to be described. These can be purchased with all the necessary bolts, screws, etc., from firms whose announcements appear on the advertisement pages of this paper for a mere trifling sum. The simple ball-socket permits the necessary movements for the desired selectivity of "points" without the use of any complicated mechanisms, and there is little doubt that this method is the most efficient and certainly the most popular in use today. The usual method of assembling the parts is to mount them on a small ebonite base in the manner indicated in Fig. 2. Two terminals are sometimes included, one connected to the crystal cup and the other to the upright pillar. The instrument is then screwed down to the baseboard of the receiver or mounted on an ebonite panel, in which case no base or terminals will be required.

EMERGENCY CRYSTALS. Most crystals have a habit of losing their sensitivity at inopportune moments, and where only one crystal cup is provided it is then necessary to change the crystal. If the crystal has been mounted in the cup with Woods’ metal, this operation takes a considerable amount of time and gives an equal amount of trouble. To prevent this happening, more than one crystal cup should be fitted to the detector. The instrument shown in Fig. 3 not only indicates a clear break from the conventional model, Fig. 2, but is in every way more efficient, convenient, and reliable. Six crystal cups connected in series by five short strips of copper foil are mounted on a piece of 3/8 or h inch sheet ebonite about 7 in. long and 1 in. wide. A small tab of foil is left projecting from one of the cups, as shown, for connecting-up purposes. The holes for the crystal cup screws should be well recessed to take the screwheads, and afterwards filled in with melted paraffin-wax. From a sheet of 1/16 in. brass cut out a piece about 8 in. long by 2 h in. wide, and cut a slot \ in. wide in the position shown. Mount the ebonite with the linked-up crystal cups on the opposite side of SEE PAGES 2 and 3 FOR FROST LINES.

the plate by means of a small screw or bolt in each corner, and make quite sure that there is no electrical connection between any of the crystal cup screw-heads and brass plates. If ebonite cannot be obtained thick enough to allow the counter-sinks to be sufficiently deep, another slot should be cut in the plate, or six holes drilled directly under each screw-head, and at least three times larger than the diameters of screwheads. This is most important, since the crystal cups must be perfectly insulated from the plate, which is electrically connected to the detector pillar and catwhisker. All the usual parts are utilised in constructing the remainder of the detector with the exception of the small brass angle-piece. A piece of brass of about the same thickness and width as this, and about 2 in. long, is drilled as shown at A, and bent at right angles at the dotted lines to the shape indicated at B. The large hole should be drilled to allow the shank of an ordinary terminal to slide freely in same, the two smaller holes being provided for the bolts as in the original angle-piece. A small piece of 1/8 in. brass is drilled through the centre and filed to an inverted "T" shape. (See C. and D.) The projecting portion should be made to slide freely and truly in the slot, and the terminal shank should be soldered in the hole. The general arrangement of the detector will be easily understood by referring to Figs. 3 and 4. It will be seen that by unscrewing the terminal nut, the "Z" piece carrying the pillars, detector arm and catwhisker can be pushed along the plate to any one of the crystals. Thus, if a crystal should fail during an interesting transmission, it will be comforting for the operator to know that there are five other chances. The instrument may be attached to any suitable base by four fairly long wood screws and four short lengths of brass tubing as shown in the end view, Fig. 4. The other connection may be taken from any part of the brass plate.

ANOTHER "MULTI-CRYSTAL" DETECTOR. The detector shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may have four or more crystal cups, but instead of being arranged in a straight line they are in circular formation, equidistantly separated on a disc of ebonite and connected to each other by the copper foil washer G. A round ebonite plate as used for an end plate on a variable condenser will be found quite suitable. The detector arm is made to revolve by dispensing with the usual angle-piece and substituting a flat piece of brass shaped as shown at F, having the lower portion rounded and threaded. The arm and supports are bolted to this in the usual way. A hole slightly larger than the diameter of the rounded portion is drilled through the centre of the ebonite disc and recessed on the under side to accommodate a spring washer and two lock nuts. (See Fig. 5.) A thick brass washer, E, is placed between the pillar and the ebonite disc to prevent the edges of the pillar cutting into the ebonite, and to permit an easy swivelling movement. Connections are made from one of the crystal cups or copper-foil washer, and from a piece of flex soldered to one of the supports. A novel detector having six crystal cups enclosed in a small cabinet is indicated in Fig. 8. This detector has the additional advantage of being absolutely dustproof. ARE YOU USING FROST PARTS? SEE PAGES 2 and 3.

AN ENCLOSED DUSTPROOF CRYSTAL HOLDER. By means of a hacksaw a small groove is cut across the diameter of the base of each crystal cup, the cups then being fitted and soldered round the edge of a brass disc about 2 in. in diameter, as shown in Fig. 7. A hole is drilled through the centre of the disc to accommodate a brass spindle, which is clamped firmly to the disc by two nuts. (See H.) An ebonite panel at the top of the cabinet is fitted with a fairly long brass bush, which forms the main bearing for spindle. A short length of brass tubing is placed between the bottom of the bush and the top side of disc, allowing only sufficient play for the spindle to revolve freely. A fall-socket is soldered to the bottom end of the spindle to make a moving contact in a hole drilled in a strip of fairly stiff spring brass attached at the other end to the inside of cabinet. A hole about la in. in diameter is cut in the ebonite panel in the position shown, and over this is glued a round piece of glass for inspection purposes. An old watch-glass will answer admirably. In the place of the usual stamped supports each side of the ball joint, two small metal discs, I, are used. A hole large enough to allow the usual movement of the ball joint should be drilled through one side of the cabinet in a direct horizontal line with the centre of the crystal cups, and the ball-socket fitted as shown with one disc inside and the other outside the cabinet. Two terminals may be included, one connected to the spring brass arm, and the other to one of the discs of the ball-socket or the detector arm. An ebonite knob is fitted to the top of the spindle, and, if desired, a scale and pointer can be added, the scale being marked "Silicon," "Hertzite," "Permanite," and so on, to indicate the different specimens being used. The success of any crystal detector will depend upon the robustness of design. Every part must be perfectly rigid so that the slightest vibration will not affect the working of the instrument. Unfortunately, this important feature is often over-looked. PERIKON — ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT. The success of the Perikon detector depends, first, upon obtaining a perfect parallel movement between the two crystals, and, secondly, upon rigidity of design. The usual arrangement is to mount the movable crystal cup on a spring brass arm. No doubt this method is cheapest from the manufacturer’s point of view, but it is not efficient. The arm is essentially fixed at one end; therefore, there must be a movement on an opposite axis to the desired parallel movement, which results in the two crystals grating together, to accomplish their ultimate ruin. This is the direct cause of so many Perikon detectors failing to give satisfactory results. We know that dust is the natural enemy of the crystal; it is the dust created by the rubbing of one crystal against the other that is the root of the trouble. In the method to be described a perfect parallel movement is obtained by employing a square arm arranged to slide horizontally through two square holes in the supports. A small spindle as used, for the moving plates of a variable condenser is quite suitable for this purpose. The squared portion should be filed perfectly smooth and true, and. made a perfect sliding fit in the holes in supports J and K. Another pair of supports of exactly the same dimensions as J and K are provided with round holes at the top slightly larger than the diameter of the threaded portion of spindle. A small ebonite disc is bushed with brass and drilled and tapped to engage the thread on the spindle. The movable cup is attached in any suitable manner to the extreme end of the squared portion of spindle. The method of assembling the instrument is clearly indicated in Fig. 9, a piece of "channel" brass or a built-up equivalent forming the foundation for supports. The support carrying the fixed crystal cup should be slotted, as shown at L, to permit selective adjustments. The cup is fitted with a terminal before mounting the crystals The most usual arrangement of the crystals is a. Look for Colville Moore on the Colored Paper !

8RY Sullivan, Ohio – QSL
!c£h WKDfit 8RV NXT SULttUAN. OHIO GMT AM C< **M CRO TNX CRD R OK UR3>& CMS REC-1BGF LO •% fiMr WE 2 AT Tl 6 WIRE TWIN 50 F LOG GLO 2 ST c IRE FT. AL R Rl WRK U 73-88-ES COL 1924 wauE IM* * XIA 1000 CR METERS HENRV CHOKE T. HI ES 50 FT. HI L OR SICS ARTHUR C. BATES WKD-ALL OS ES CAN HRD STATES DISTS CAN PROO-WNP The photograph shows a Card received by 2CM from 8RY, Ohio, U.S.A. Note the coin gummed in the middle. On the back is written, "This will help out your bill for postage stamps o.m. You can spend it on your next trip up to the States. Hi?" Look for Colville Moore on the Colored Paper ! point of copper pyrites pressing against a flat surface of a piece of zincite. These designs are entirely novel, and demonstrate the great improvements that may yet be effected with regard to crystal sets. Certainly, there are one or two commercial sets fitted with more than one crystal, but in most cases two crystals are the limit which manufacturers at present have reached. Even these sets are not entirely satisfactory, and there is no doubt that the amateur who approaches experimental work in connection with crystals in the right manner, stands to benefit considerably by the improved results that he will obtain and, above all, the greater reliability of his instrument. Everyone who possesses a crystal set has at one time or another experienced the annoyance caused by the failing of a crystal at a critical moment. In many instances a crystal does not contain a large number of sensitive spots, and therefore much time is wasted before the correct adjustment is found again. With the instrument described above, this disadvantage is not present, for with six or more crystals practically ready for use, one would certainly be found with a large number of sensitive contacts and the necessary re-adjustments be made with speed and ease. All that is required to construct these novel instruments is patience. The outlay is really so small that any keen amateur who wishes to make his set efficient and attractive, will not grudge it in the least. Those lucky enough to possess a "scrap box" will, no doubt, be able to construct most of the instruments from the odd material they have, which can be made to look very neat.

P.30
Round the Clubs.

WOOLOOWIN RADIO CLUB. The above club held their fortnightly meeting on the Bth inst. The President, Mr. H. Kington, was in the chair, and there was a fair attendance of members. One new member was elected, and several names were mentioned as likely members. After business was disposed of, Mr. Grant, one of the members, gave a lecture on the growth of wireless from the very first experiments till the present day, illustrating his remarks by blackboard diagrams. Mr. Grant had gone to great trouble to prepare his lecture, and it was much appreciated by those present. This is the first of a series of lectures by the members which will lead up to the complicated circuits by degrees. An appeal is again made for other clubs to correspond with the club, the address being c/o H. Jiear, Lisson Grove, Wooloowin.

ROZELLE TRAMWAY DEPOT RADIO CLUB. This Club commenced action on Monday, September Bth, with 100 members, and it is anticipated that it will develop into the largest club in the Metropolitan area. Splendid support is being received, and the class of instruction is well attended. Mr. Morrison is instructor, and the organiser is Mr. Ford.

SYDNEY HIGH SCHOOL RADIO CLUB. On September 11th, the Sydney High School Radio Club gave a lecture and demonstration to the members of the wireless dub which has been lately formed at the Cleveland Street School. The members from the Sydney High School Radio Club, the Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, arrived at the time appointed, and were welcomed by quite a large gathering. Mr. Pont (Treasurer) delivered a lecture on the crystal, showing how it detects, and contrasted it with the way rectification is accomplished by the valve. He then went on to explain what is meant by the characteristic curve of a valve. On 16th, the Sydney High School Radio Club held a general meeting at which were present a large number of the members. At the meeting the club’s new set was discussed, which is now almost completed, and the best methods of arranging those components which were as yet not mounted. Other business was also discussed, and it was mentioned that the club might be able to obtain a permit for some of the members to look over some transmitting station such as Farmers or Pennant Hills. It is probable that in the near future this will be done. The meeting closed at 12.30.

CONCORD AMATEUR RADIO CLUB. The usual weekly business meeting of the Concord Amateur Radio Club was held at the clubrooms, Wallace Street, Concord, on Thursday, 18th September, at 8 p.m. The meeting was well attended, and several important matters were dealt with. These included the election of a new member, the reading and reception of minutes of second and third meetings of delegates of clubs affiliated with the Wireless Institute of Australia, and finalisation of the club photographs, which will be published soon. After business had been finished, transmitting was carried out. Any persons hearing these tests are requested to notify the honorary secretary, W. H. Barker, "Euripides," Wallace Street, Concord, who would be glad of these reports. Transmissions are carried out every Thursday from 9.30—11 p.m.

WAVERLEY RADIO CLUB. Waverley Radio Club held its half-yearly meeting on Tuesday, September 16th, with Mr. E. Bowman in the chair. The delegate to the meeting of the affiliated clubs, Mr. Burrows, submitted his report of the last meeting. Mr. A. W. Stewart then moved— " That the club’s delegate at the next council meeting propose that all amateur transmitters voluntarily agree to close down between the hours of 8 and 10 p.m., unless under exceptional circumstances." Mr. Stewart supported his motion with the opinion that such a restriction was bound to FROST LINES ARE SHOWN ON PAGES 2 and 3.OST LINES.

come, and it was better that it should be done voluntarily. The motion was seconded by Mr. G. Thomson, and carried. Arrangements were then made to proceed with the construction of the club’s aerial and receiver. The half-yearly elections were then held. Mr. Graham proposed Mr. Perry as president, the motion being seconded. Mr. Howell proposed Mr. A. Burrows; this was also seconded. Mr. Burrows then signified his intention of declining in favour of Mr. Perry. The meeting was then notified, however, that Mr. Perry did not wish to stand for president. The elections finally resulted as follows, all being elected unopposed with the exception of the committee:—President, Mr. A. Burrows; vice-presidents, Messrs. E. Bowman and J. Muller; secretary, Mr. R. Howell; treasurer, Mr. J. Simpson; publicity officer, Mr. A. Burrows; auditors, Messrs. W. Howell and W. Anderson. Messrs. Stewart, Thomson, Howell, and Anderson were nominated as committeemen, Messrs. Stewart and Thomson finally being elected. The competition for the best and most efficient crystal set was won by Mr. J. Millar, whose set cost 7/6. Mr. A. Burrows (cost 15/-) ran second, and Mr. W. Stewart third, his set costing £2/10/-. ESPERANTO—RADIO We have received from Mr. A. H. Epton, Hon. Secretary Internacio Radio-Associo, a copy of a circular describing the foundation of a world wide Esperanto-Radio Association. As a matter of experimental interest, we are publishing a copy of the circular, and those desiring to link up with this organisation are invited to write to Mr. Epton, at 17 Chatsworth Rd., London, E. 5. Internacia Radio-Asocio. President: Dr. Pierre Corret (BAE), Comite Intersocietaire de T.S.F., 97 Rue Royale, Versailles, France. Honorary Secretary: Harry A. Epton, F.B.E. A., 17 Chatsworth Road, London, E. 5. OBJECTS. 1. To facilitate relations between radio users in all parts of the world, by means of the international language Esperanto. 2. To furnish technical assistance and information of an international character by means of Esperanto to those interested in radio, whether Esperantists or non-Esperantists. 3. To elaborate the Esperanto radio dictionary. 4. To publish an "Internocia Radio – Revuo," which, inter alia, by means of Esperanto summaries of original articles from various languages, will place at the disposal of its readers technical documents hitherto obtainable and understandable only with considerable difficulty. 5. To deal with any other matters which may be deemed to come within the scope of an international radio association of this character. MEMBERSHIP. Membership is open to any person, Esperantists or not, who is interested in radio in an amateur or professional capacity, and who is in favour of the adoption of Esperanto as the International Radio Language. SUBSCRIPTION. The annual subscription in Great Britain is 1/-; in other countries an amount equal to 1 Swiss franc; payable to the Hon. Secretary, at the above address.

Mr. F. W. Larkins, of Amalgamated Wireless (A/sia) Limited, has returned from Melbourne, where he has been supervising the Company’s display at the All-Australian Manufacturers’ Exhibition, and also at the Victorian Royal Agricultural Show. He says the Manufacturers’ Exhibition was one of the finest displays of Australian manufactures that has yet been put on in Australia. Many of the working exhibits are somewhat of a revelation to visitors, and as the exhibition will be open for the next two months, there can be little doubt that it should prove most successful in demonstrating Australian manufacturing progress. Even the Holy Land has succumbed to radio. The installation of radio apparatus in Palestine was given official sanction by a government ordinance issued June 3, permitting all inhabitants to instal radio sending or receiving instruments. The British Government is planning to instal a powerful broadcasting station on the Mount of Olives, the report said.

Storage Battery Clips
When storage battery clips become green, soak them in a hot solution of bicarbonate of soda and water. Afterwards wash them in clean water and set them aside to dry. Whey they are dry, rub them over with a light film of vaseline. Do the same to the lugs on the storage battery. SEE PAGES 2 and 3 FOR FROST LINES.

W. Harry Wiles
The Name to Know in Radio Wiles Wonderful Wireless 60-62 GOUL/BURN ST, (X door from Pxtt Street) 384 PITT ST„ (N ear GouUmm Street) 23 PITT STREET. Near CIRCULAR QUAY and Electrical Stores SAME QUALITY. SAME PRICES. SAME SERVICE. CONSTRUCT YOUR OWN BROADCAST RECEIVING SET. WE SUPPL 7 COMPLETE BUILDING INSTRUCTIONS AND ADVICE WITH EACH ORDER. PARTS FOR 3 VALVE BROADCAST RECEIVING SET. 250 Miles Guaranteed Reception on Loud Speaker. 1 Bakelite Panel, 18 x 61 x 3/16 0 11 3 1 .001 Variable Condenser, with Vernier 1 10 0 2 30 ohm. Rheostats 0 10 6 1 Battery Switch 0 3 0 8 N.P. Terminals 0 2 8 1 42-Panel Plug 0 3 9 1 43-Panel Plug 0 5 9 1 Extension Handle 0 1 10 1 .00025 Condenser and Grid Leak 0 0 9 3 Valve Holders 0 12 0 2 Jefferson "Star" Transformers 2 5 0 1 Single Circuit Jack 0 4 6 Maple Cabinet 1 10 0 £8 10 ACCESSORIES 4 Mounted H.C. Coils, 130 to 3000 meters 1 11 0 3 UV-201A Valves 4 10 0 1 6V-40 amp Accumulator 3 3 0 2 42-volt B. Batteries 1 5 0 Loud Speaker and Head Phones, as selected, see price list £lB 15 0 Another Big Reduction in Price of Valves. RADIOTRON S.— UV—2OO .. , UV—2OIA UV—l99 WD—l2 WD—ll A.P. (double filament) NOW 30/- Our new Price List, R 5, now available. Yours for the asking. Ebonite and Bakelite Panels drilled free of cost when purchased with accessories for home assembly set. Our Guarantee THE GUARANTEED DISTAN|E STATED ABOVE IS ON A LOUD SPEAKER. BY USING HEADPHONES, OTHER STATES, NEW ZEALAND, aJd U.S.A. CAN BE TUNED IN QUITE CLEARLY ? AND DISTINCTLY. PARTS FOR 4 VALVE BROADCAST RECEIVING SET. 500 Miles Guaranteed Reception on Loud Speaker. 1 14 x 9 x 3/16in. Bakelite £1 2 6 1 .001 Variable Condenser, with Vernier 1 10 0 1 .0005 Variable Condenser with Vernier 1 7 6 2 42 Panel Plug 0 7 6 1 43 Panel Plug 0 5 6 1 44 Extension Handle 0 1 10 3 30 ohm. Rheostats 0 15 9 1 Battery Switch 0 3 0 8 N.P. Terminals 0 2 8 4 V.T. Holders 0 16 0 2 Jefferson Star Transformer 2 5 0 1 .00025 Fixed Condenser 0 0 9 1 Freshman Variable Leak 0 5 6 Panel Wire, Solder, etc 0 3 0 1 Maple Cabinet 2 5 0 1 Single Circuit Jack 0 4 6 £l2 1 0 ACCESSORIES. 6 mounted H.C. Coils, 130 to 3000 metres £2 6 0 4 UV-201A Valves 6 00 1 6 volt 40 amp. Accumulator 3 3 0 2 42-volt "B" Batteries 1 5 0 Head Phones and Loud Speakers as selected, see Price List £2415 0 It is our intention that every article in this list shall be truthfully described. Therefore, we guarantee everything you buy from us to be satisfactory to you in every detail. You take no risk whatever in sending us your order, for unless you are completely satisfied with the goods and your saving, you may send back everything you buy from us and we will promptly return your money and all transportation charges you have paid. W. HARRY WILES Radio and Electrical Supplies, 60-62 Goulburn-st., Sydney Please address all eommunicationg to our Head Office, 60-62 Goulburn Street. ESTAB. 20 YEARS

Some DX List
SOME DX LIST. CAN YOU BEAT IT? The list printed below shows the stations logged by C. Preston Smith (2 Z.Z.), Cremorne, Sydney. When we consider that a lot of these stations were logged on detector only, and that never more than two valves were used, this list is one of the best we have seen for a long time. A V 24 is used as a detector, and an Ediswan A.R. as audio amplifier. Mr Smith says that 6 C.G.W. can be heard practically any night calling C.Q. N.S.W.-2G.Q, 2HM, 2CR, 2CH, 2RJ, 2BM, 2SO Vic.-3AM, 3AP, 3BD, 3BG, 3BH, 3BL, 3BM,’ 3BP, 3BQ, 3BY, 3DB, 30D, 3HH, 3JP, 3JU, 3LS 3QW, 3SW, 3XF, 3TM, 3EF, 3JH, 3HL, 30T, 3RY* 3ZR, 3UX, 3BC, 3BU, 3BV, 3FH, 3EF, 3AR, 3BT. Queensland. —4AU, '4CK, 4EG, 4DO, 4GE 4AN 4CM, 4AK. ’ S.A.— SAC, 5 AD, SDA, SAE, SAI, 5 AH, SBQ SBD, SDO, SBF, SBG, SAV. W.A. —6AG. Tasmania. 7A A, 7AB, 7BN, 7BK, 7AL, 7BC N.Z.— IAA, 1 AX, IAM, IAH, IAO, 2AC, 2AP 2AI, 2AW, 2AO, 2XA, 2AQ, 2LZ, 2AF, 2AE, 2AR* 3AA, 3AD, 3AF, 3AB, 4AA, 4AD, 4AG, 4AY 4ET 4AH, 4AO, 4AM, 4AP, 4AR, 4AW, 4AK. U.S.A. IVHT, I VC, INCO (?), 1 0 R, 2RD 2FT 4AO\, 4MI, 4CAY, SAW, 6KA, 6CKR, 6KKR fißl* 6CKP, 6AV, 6AOV, 6AOS, 6GV, 6AVV, 6COP 6AAv’ 6KT, 6VY, 6CDE, 6CGW, 7GD, BBAK, BGZ BCM* BCF, 9ZT, 9MC, 9YA, 6LTR, 6JTB, 6BNT, 6AVr’ 6BN, 4ACT, 9BG, IACK, 7GA, 9BTE, IGX 6BV IAR, 6AAU, 6AVT, 6BV, 6AAO, 4ACT, STAD, 3AAN* D. X. R. W. Woodhouse, West Maitland, using mainly detector only, has pulled in the stations mentioned below. Two sets are used on his station; one consists of 1 stage of H.F. transformer coupled Det. and 2 L.F., and the other is the well known PI single valve. K.G.O. has been heard on the PI, and on 2 valves, 4EG (Queensland) was received on a 6ft. indoor aerial during daylight N.S.W.: 2HM, 2UW, 2SO, 2CM, 2RD, 2YM 2YD, 2AC, 2ZG, 2CS, 2YQ, 2YI, 2GR, 2EP, 2Xa’ 2LO, 2ZN, 2YU, 2ZX, 2BK, 2CR, 2GW, 2ZL, 2Zz’ 2BZ, 2RY, 2KC, 2CI, 2EG, 2BF, 288. Victoria: 3BM, 3BY, 3ZL, 3ZZ, 3YU, 3BU 3BE, 3BA, 3UM, 3LN, 3RY, 3XO, 3YM, 3AN. Queensland: 4EG, 4AN, 4CM, 4CK, 4KN. South Australia: SCQ, SBQ, SAD, SBC, SBE SFB, SUL, SAD, SAC, SCS. New Zealand: IYD, 2AQ, IYB, 4AA, 4YD. America: KGO. The following have been received on the loop- N.S.W.: 2ZN, 2FP, 2YI, 2RY, 2GR. Victoria: 3XO.

4DO – Harold Hobler
An old friend, in the person of Mr. H. L. Hobler, Rockhampton, Q., in sending us his list writes as follows: The results obtained were in exactly two months work and practically every station was heard on 3 valves, no audio: Confirmations have been received from practically every station heard and most of them have been heard and copied often. Herewith is the report for two months: MORSE. Queensland: 4CK, 4AN, 4EG, 4GE, 4CM. N.S.W.: 2HM, 2CM, 2CR, 2YI, 2DS, 2GQ, 2QG, 2YG, 2BK, 2GR, 2RJ, 2YB, 2IJ, 2AY, 2BF, 2GY 2LO, 2ZZ, 2KO, 2YR, 2YA, 288, 2ME. Victoria: 3BM, 3LM, 30T, 3XF, 3BD. South Australia: SAD, SBF, SLO, SWJ, SAF. New Zealand: 4AP, 4AD. U.S.A.: 4NAI. PHONE. Quensland: 4EG, 4CM. N.S.W.: 2BL, 2FC, 2HM, 2CM, 2CR, 2YI, 2DS 2GQ, 2QG, 2CS, 2GR, 2RJ, 2AY, 2HF, 2SR, 2YA, 2RA, 2ME, Riverina Wireless Supplies. Victoria: 3EF, 30T, 3XF, 3AR. South Australia: SCF. New Zealand: IYA (3ft. from phones on 5 valves, 2000 miles). U.S.A.: KGO (2in. from phones on 1 valve, 6000 miles). 2BL and 2FC can be heard any night on one valve, 2BL faint in daylight on one tube, distance 800 miles. Using 2 valves, .2BL is audible 15 feet from loud speaker, and with 3 valves he is audible at 30 feet. KGO has been heard 22 times, including 13 on one valve only. This station was heard a few times when using 1 k.w. It is easy to tune now and is generally there as soon as I light up. The last three receptions of this station have been very good and audible two inches from the phones using one valve, without exaggeration. The greatest time KGO has been heard was for one hour and fifty minutes, during which period he was held continuously for 36 minutes, the only interruption being VIS on a harmonic. Eight witnesses can be produced, including a J.P., to verify the reception of KGO. Using one phone and one valve speech and music are easily readable.

any good purpose could be achieved by raking things up again. In any case, we are watching developments closely, and if there’s a kick coming, we’ll put on our gardening boots. Yes, we know the Queensland Coast well, and as you truly observe, atmospherics up there in summer are unmentionable. A 5 watt transmitter is shortly to be constructed and with this I hope to do some testing. Having no electricity here has been the chief drawback, but now it is available, I soon hope to have the transmitter under way. Until it is installed in the house I intend to use dry cells.

2HT – Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas
H. R. K. Thomas (2HT), Mosman, sends a handy little list. He uses mostly one tube, some- times two, a small aerial and Murdoch’s phones. Victoria: 3BQ, 3BH, 3BD fone, 3LM, 3BM, 3XO 3BP, 3JH, 3SW, 3AM, 3TM, 3JP, 3XF, 30M, 30T, 3CB, 3QW. Queensland: 4EG. South Australia: SAC, SAD, SDO. New Zealand: 2AC, IAX, IAO, 2AP, 2AW, 2AE, 3JH, 30T, 4AW, 4AK, 4AA, 4AG, 2AR. N.S.W.: 2HM fone, 2GQ fone. Tasmania: 7AB.

Wireless in New Zealand
WIRELESS IN NEW ZEALAND Wireless in New Zealand is still in embryo and its birth can only be brought about by the development of efficient high powered modern stations broadcasting attractive programmes. This was the opinion expressed by Mr. John Harrington (Managing Director of Harrington’s, Ltd., Australia and New Zealand)), who returned to Sydney from the Dominion by the S.S. "Makura" on Saturday last. The Radio Traders in New Zealand have, however, not been losing any time since the radio boom became so apparent in Australia. They have got together in an Association and by their combination of ideas and efforts have at last formulated a scheme for broadcasting and listening in regulations, which it is expected will receive Government approval some time this month. Under this scheme the broadcasting will be carried on at four stations: Wellington, Auckland, Dunedin, and Christchurch—the wave lengths varying from between 300-400 metres. At present, the radio traders at Wellington and Auckland are broadcasting on low power from stations 2YK and IYA respectively, the items being mainly pianola and gramophone. When this new scheme for broadcasting is established in New Zealand it is expected that at all four stations the transmitting power will be 500 watts. New Zealand is largely indebted to a number of enthusiastic experimenters who are co-operating with the radio traders to bring matters to a speedy settlement, and Mr. Harrington expresses hope that the time must be surely near at hand when the people of the Dominion will be enjoying the privileges of efficient broadcasting such as supplied in New South Wales by stations 2FC and 2BL.

N.S.W. Transmitters
N.S.W. TRANSMITTERS. Please add to list published last week: 2 A.J. —Walter Short, Campbell Street, Kirribilli. 200 metres. Transmits C.W. and I.C.W. telephony, 7 p.m. to 12 p.m. 2 A.R. —William Henry Hudson, 1 Terrace Road, Dulwich Hill. 210 metres. Transmits C.W., tonic train, telephony, B—l 28 —12 p.m. 2 A.S. —Haydn Errol Grigg, 327 Military Road, Mosman. 200 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, telephony, irregular hours. 2 G.R.—J. S. Marks, Ritz Flats, Rose Bay, Sydney. 245 metres. Transmits C.W., 1.C.W., tonic train, and telephony, 7 to 7.30 p.m., and from 10 p.m. onwards. 2 J.T. —Chas. F. A. Luckman, "Montana," 14 Queen Street, Croydon. 195 metres. Transmits C.W. and tonic train, 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. 2 Z.X.—Norman Peter Olsen, "Normanhurst," Macquarie Street, Waratah, N.S.W. 240 metres. Transmits telephony. 7.30 to 9 p.m. daily. 2 Z.Z.—C. Preston-Smith, 83 Cabramatta Rd., Cremorne. 217 metres. Transmits C.W. 7 p.m. to 12 p.m. daily.

South Georgia
On a farm in South Georgia is posted this sign: "Trespaser’s will be persekuted to the full extent of 2 mean mongral dorgs which ain’t never been ovarly soshibil with strangers and 1 dubbel barelt shot-gun which ain’t loaded with no sofy pillers. Dam if I ain’t tired of this hel raisin on my proputy."—Everybody’s. Little Rosie: "Mother, tell me a fairy story." Mother (glancing at the clock): "Wait till father comes home, my dear, and he’ll tell us both one."

Clubs and their Management
CLUBS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT SOCIAL AMENITIES AND THE AFFILIATION. No. III. By A. BURROWS. THE social side to club activities should never be neglected. On the other hand, it is generally fatal to overdo it. And in radio club work the designation "social work" is capable of a wide interpretation. It may only mean an evening free from the restraints and formalities of a properly conducted meeting, or it may consist of an elaborate function during which the word "wireless" will be taboo. Both have their purpose, and both, if persisted in too frequently, can mean the rise and fall of almost any organisation. It will be easily seen that a limited amount of social work is necessary to attract those to whom wireless is not the beginning and end of everything. Every club has a certain strata of "social members" who may be worth-while adjuncts to the club, yet who would scarcely know a micro-henry if they saw one. These can hardly be called "beginners" because they may never progress further. Yet there they are, and no club can afford to disregard them. And they may eventually get the "bug" properly. This, apart from the pleasure of such affairs afforded to every member, will illustrate the value of the social touch to a club. Then, of course, there is the other aspect to the question. An over-abundance of these affairs will attract some utterly disinterested in wireless, and once this section gains anything like a majority radio and most things connected with it, it will go by the board. The crux of the matter, if a club decides to go in for this sort of thing at all, lies in striking the happy medium; and once it is found that the social functions are gaining an undue place in the club’s doings, and officers and serious members appear unable to check them, it is far better to eliminate them completely. Social affairs are not absolutely necessary in a wireless club, but wireless certainly is. It is impossible to lay down arbitrary rules in connection with this matter. Whether the social element should be something entirely apart from the wireless side, or should be as before suggested, simply a loosening of the regular formalities, is entirely a matter for individual opinion. But I would say, by all means, get away from the regular routine occasionally, and forget wireless sometimes—but not too often. How often is also a matter ‘for separate consideration; once a month is perhaps rather too often, but anything above that may mean the difference between a live club and a dead one. Value of Affiliation Movement. A discussion on club work would scarcely be complete without some reference to the value of the affiliation with the N.S.W. division of the Wireless Institute of Australia. The Wireless Institute, of course, is run upon entirely different lines from the smaller and more localised clubs, and is another proposition, so far as the remarks in these articles are concerned. The affiliation, however, has in some cases a direct bearing upon the conditions which have been dealt with in the matter of the smaller clubs. The clubs must not expect too much from the affiliation. Indeed, very little tangible evidence of it will be forthcoming for some time. Intended primarily as a means of bringing the experimenters into something approaching a united front, I do not think the Wireless Institute ever intended the affiliation to be more than an invisible binding together of experimenters in the State. Definite and visible results were never at any time promised. So far, then, as the actual life of the club is concerned, this amalgamation will make very little difference. If, as is hoped, the Delegates’ Council can arrange the interchange of lecturers and speakers, with perhaps the organisation of debates, then a very big slice of the responsibility of providing items for the meetings will be taken off the executive’s shoulders. It must not be expected, however, that these arrangements, when they do materialise, will coyer every meeting, or even every alternate meeting. The main part of keeping things going will still be in the hands of the club executives. The importance of every club becoming a member of the Affiliated Societies cannot be over-emphasised. Not many expect, of course, in these enlightened days, that there will be any great need for concerted action amongst the experimenters; the authorities, so far as the amateur experimenters are concerned, have lately shown themselves amenable to reason, and while at one time there appeared (Continued on page 38)

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to be a very real need for the marshalling of amateur forces, that time has evidently gone. Still, it may have these signs on the experimenters’ part which caused the alteration in the authorities’ out- look—on the principle that "preparedness for war prevents war." On this account alone, every club should consider becoming affiliated. There is, however, another aspect which bears more directly upon the life of the club. This is the fact that a club’s affiliation will mean an added interest to the members; it gives the club an undoubted place in affairs, a certain standing, which will be found of definite value in holding and gaining members. With it are connected practically all the foremost amateurs, and most of the transmitters. Members will feel that they are taking a decided part in amateur radio doings, and nothing could be of more value than this knowledge in a club.

In conclusion, as well as making the meetings a pleasure and an instruction, it should be the officers’ duty to keep the fact well to the front that a club is of real experimental value to anyone, whether he be a transmitter, average experimenter, or a broadcast-listener. A club is, after all, a business, or should be regarded as such, and must give a fair return for its charges. Few are willing to devote an evening a week to anything unless they get their time and money’s worth, a fact which very often seems to escape some club officials. On the other hand, of course, members must realise that with the payment of their dues their obligation by no means ends, and that they owe as big a duty to the club as it does to them. With the energy and whipping-up, however, of a good executive which combines resourcefulness with "pushfulness," it will seldom be found that the members fail to come up to scratch.

Crystal Detectors and their Action
CRYTAL DETECTORS AND THEIR ACTION. By H. F. WHITWORTH, B.Sc. This Lecture was Delivered before the 97th General Meeting of the Leichhardt and District Radio Society on September 9th. THE function of a crystal detector is to convert the incoming high frequency impulses received by the aerial of a receiver, into impulses capable of operating the diaphragms of the telephones, and thus producing audible sounds which approximate those produced by the transmitter. The impulses in the aerial circuit consist of a major wave at audible frequency, impressed upon a radio frequency alternating current in such a way as to change or modulate its amplitude. In performing its function, the detector merely cuts off half of the incoming wave. The remaining current in the detector circuit then consists of unidirectional puffs which still take place at radio frequency but which have a cumulative effect upon the telephone diaphragms and cause audible sounds. The type of detector which is most popular at present, consists of a crystal of galena, iron pyrites, or silicon, held in some form of cup and connected to the telephones and a catswhisker of fine wire connected to one side of the tuning coil. In selecting a wire for a catswhisker care should be taken to select one that will not scratch the surface of the crystal, otherwise the efficiency is impaired, since a new "sensitive spot" has to be found when this occurs. Galena is sold under many different trade names, such as Q.S.A., "Magnetite," and "Million Point." Some of these consists of natural galena and some of synthetic or treated galena. Galena seems to be the most sensitive crystal for the cats-whisker type of detector, but pyrites is usually preferable on account of its greater hardness and stability. Another type of detector is known as the "Perikon" in which two crystals, usually one zincite and one of bornite, are used; adjustment is carried out by altering the pressure between them. Probably the most stable of all the crystal detectors is the carborundum detector. This consists of a crystal of carborundum and a contact, which is tightly pressed against the crystal by means of a spring. When using this type of detector a battery and potentiometer are required, as the potential difference between the crystal and spring needs careful adjustment in order to obtain the best results. It is rather difficult to give a good explanation of the action of the crystal detector. One rather ingenious theory makes use of what is called the Peltier effect. In a thermo-electric junction (i.e., the junction between two different conductors) there is a liberation of heat when current flows in one direction and an absorption of heat when the current flows in the opposite direc- (Continued on Page 42) PAGES 2 and 3 TELL YOU ALL ABOUT THE FROST LINES.

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Interstate Notes – Western Australia
INTERSTATE NOTES WESTERN AUSTRALIA. A MUCH travelled young man is Harold Rowland Wells, chief announcer of the Westralian Farmers’ Wireless Section. He is the grandson of the celebrated Benjamin Wells, the renowned flautist, who probably played before English Royalty more than any other Anglo musician, one of his flutes now being held sacred in the Kensington Museum, London. This particular instrument, made entirely by the said grandpa himself, has played in concerted numbers and obligatos at concerts at which the stars of bygone years scintillated. Patti, Jennie Lind, Sims Reeve, Santley, etc., and to him was awarded the delicate duty of supervising the final tuning of the orchestral instruments used at the big Covent Garden operas and concerts. Young Wells came to Australia on the advice of his dad, the latter having been a ship’s medical officer often at Fremantle and Albany. He has done all sorts of jobs before assuming the directing of the wireless concerts, etc. At 16 he took out on English tour and personally directed a small costume comedy company; then on arriving in W.A. his first job was on a Kalamunda orchard. Next he nawied on the Green Hills railway line, varying it with wheat lumping at Quarrading, and clearing and burning off at Bruce Rock. Two months with a mean cockie was enough for Harold Rowland Wells, and he returned to Perth to pick up his present job. Wherefore, when the city, suburban, hinterland and outback listeners-in hear a clear-cut voice with a slight English twang in it, they mustn’t imagine its owner as having come out per saloon de luxe, clothed in cotton wool and wrapped in Park Lane pyjamas. The same voice has frequently told Strawberry to bail up, Dobbin to gee-whoa, a railway navvy to do it if possible, and a cocky to wake the fowls himself. The opera which was' broadcasted from 2FC was received practically throughout the whole of Western Australia by amateurs using comparatively simple receiving apparatus. The greater majority originated from country users of the Mulga-phone receiver made up by the Westralian Farmers Ltd, The greatest bug-bear of our country districts is static, it being practically continuous the year round, more particularly, of course during the summer months. The open country dweller most certainly has great privileges to erect a fine aerial but it is a case of a standard size aerial or static. Mr. S. Chambers, a description of whose set has been given, entertained a party of friends to the broadcasted opera, every word being clearly audible. Read what a farmer, who listened on 3 valves, writes to me: "I am now able to get Sydney very strong; last Wednesday and Thursday night I received the opera from Sydney. Wednesday night I had trouble with static; Thursday night 2FC came through very clear. The audience clamouring for the artists after the play came through with a roar and the speeches given by two of the company were exceptionally clear. lam able to pick up 2BL clearer now, but the wave length (350) is too near 600 metres and I get much interference from V.I.P. and other spark stations." The above is from Mr. Clinch, Greenough, W.A. Another extract from a letter, commenting on some of the recitals from 2FC reads: "The classical stuff from Sydney last week was particularly good, the singing of Miss Hadley and Signor Martini being extremely clear; the concert from 2FC last night was also very nice. A flute solo by Mr. Albert Howard was in my opinion about the best instrumental item, and of the songs, "Down in the Forest" and "The Bride’s Song." I like 2FC’s idea of repeating the names of the artists immediately before they commence." I hope that the management of 2FC will feel flattered at these comments coming, as it is, from the other side of Australia. Our first radio and electrical exhibition will be held at the Perth Town Hall, from September 22nd to 27th. Radio concerts are to be given nightly. In this time of economy, it is only natural that the amateur should confine part of his activities towards decreasing the high cost of receiving. It is very well known that the bright type of wireless valve is very greedy in respect to the consumption of current, in fact, some of them show a consumption of nearly one ampere. This is quite a decent amount of current that has to be supplied somewhere, and practically the only useful (Continued on page 42) The Colored Paper in this issue tells a story that will interest you!

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tion. This implies a higher resistance to the passage of the current in one direction than the other and therefore a rectification of an alternating current. In this case the junction of the current and catswhisker is the thermo electric junction and rectification is obtained by the varying resistance of the point of contact. This theory will explain the reception of signals when the catswhisker is resting on the crystal cup and not on the crystal, but will not explain why crystals are more sensitive in some spots than others. Another theory is based on the fact that most of the crystals used for detecting belong to the cubic system. The upholders of this theory contend that the rectification is an actual function of the crystal itself and not of the thermo electric junction of the catswhisker and crystal | The former theory seems the more reasonable one, but until more research work has been done on crystals in finding out the relationship between sensitive spots and crystal axes it will be largely a matter of conjecture to explain the working of the crystal detector. supplier is the accumulator. Now these are expensive and are a source of worry, always wanting recharging just when they are most needed. Mr. T. J. Jewel, an enthusiastic Subiaco amateur, is an experimenter who has had great success, using A.C. for the valve filaments. Not that the use of stepped down A.C. is new to wireless; far from it, but something else is, and which previously has made a transformation useless, owing to the A.C. frequency. Numerous circuits were tried out, and experimented with, but there was no total elimination of the A.C. periodicity, consequently amateurs and others never gave it much consideration. Not so Mr. Jewell, who tried numerous circuits, and worked with different types of transformers and has succeeded in not only getting results equal to those when the accumulator was used, but in addition has entirely succeeded in suppressing the A.C. 40 cycle hum. Mr. Jewell has confined himself solely to employing the crystal to perform the rectification purposes. He uses one valve in his work, has tried many circuits but cannot attain the same success when using a valve as a detector, and valve LF amplifiers. This is quite important, and it should offer a wide field for experimental work, because if it works perfectly on the high frequency side, why should it not be equally as efficient on low frequency? The transformer used is rather a large size, being about 30 watt. The problem of the oscillating valve set is becoming extremely acute in this State. It is almost impossible to listen-in in the city area with- out having the programme from 6WF interfered with. The Affiliated Radio Societies at their recent meeting discussed this all-important topic, and it was decided that something must be done to put a stop to these ether fiends. It is not settled as yet exactly what steps will be taken. Possibly the adoption of the Radio Society of Great Britain’s idea of an equipped motor van touring the streets would prove effective. These radiating sets are particularly annoying to the experimenter when he wishes to try for Eastern States’ broadcasting. 6AB, Mr. Cecil, of Kalgoolie, is our only experimental transmitter at the present moment, his telephony being received in Perth just now by a Claremont amateur, who uses about 2-3 valves. This is very good work, as it must be remembered that Kalgoolie is 400 miles from the city. The two aforementioned gentlemen have arranged tests and some interesting work is being carried out. Mr. Cecil uses one 5 watt transmitting tube in his set and the apparatus is simplicity itself, the circuit used being a type commonly used in aircraft. He has lately altered his antenna to the popular cage type, and those who hear him have noticed his wave length has jumped considerably, somewhere in the region of 300-400 metres. One of our large emporiums (Boans, Ltd.) has lately extended its radio department to luxurious apartments on an upper floor. Considerable comment is being cast on the entering of large firms into the radio world by the local dealers. The former, being mere dabblers can retail the goods at a remarkably low figure and consequently the tide of purchasers promptly turns to the cheaper goods. What then, is the solution ? I notice that the Melbourne correspondent of Wireless Weekly has something to say on this question, and I can endorse his remarks. The janitor’s little boy, very black, Was named "Midnight" by his white neighbours. He didn’t mind them calling him that, but one day when one of his own race exclaimed, "Hullo, Midnight!" he retorted indignantly, "Shet up, you’se jes about quarter to twelve yo’self." SEE PAGES 2 and 3 FOR FROST LINES.

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ANNOUNCEMENT "Wetless" Mica Condenser AND DUO LATERAL COILS Owing to the enormous demand for the above goods, the Manufacturers have been compelled to WETLESS PHONE CONBENSER OOt MPO appoint Distributing Agents, and, in future, the trade throughout Australia, will be supplied through MADE IN AUSTRALIA Fox & MacGillicuddy Limited DAILY TELEGRAPH BUILDINGS, KING STREET, SYDNEY. ’Phone City 3062.

Colville Moore Ad P.3
Another Budget of WIRELESS PARTS from THE HOUSE OF COLVILLE MOORE GRID LEAKS. —Fixed Electrad, J, i, 1,2, 24, 3,4, 5 meg., 2/6 each; 100,000, 50,000, with clips, 3/6. Dubllier, 2 meg., 4/6. Variable Grid Leaks, Fresh- man, 0 to 5 meg., 5/-; with .00025, fixed con., 6/-. Marco Vari., oto 5 meg., 10/- each. Bretwood, 0 to 5 meg., 5/6. Bradley Leak, variable, l to 10 megs., 12/6. Magnus, variable, 8/-; variohm, 6/-. FLEX.—Heavy duty, 7d.; Miniature, 4d. per yd. HONEYCOMB COILS. —Expanse, 20 turn, 3/-; 30, 3/-; 50, 3/3; 75, 3/6; 150, 4/-; 200, 4/6; 250, 5/-; [ 420, 6/-; 990, 14/-; 1250, 15/-; 1500, 16/-; 1600, 75, 5/-; 100, 5/4; 150, 5/8; 200, 6/-; 250, 6/9; 1000 turns, 17/6; 1250, 20/-; 1500, 22/6. Q.S.A. Coils, 4 taps, with .001 condenser tune, 1000, 15,000 metres, 35/- each. [HONEYCOMB COIL PLUGS.— 2/6. Rentier, 40, 3/6; ! 48, for coils 25 to 750 to 1500 turns, 5/6. HONEYCOMB COIL MOUNTINGS. —Rentier, 42, fixed plug, 3/6; 43, mov. plug, 5/9; 44, extension handle, Remler, 2/- each. Remler, three coil rnountings, on bakelite stand, complete with extension handle, 38/6. Polar, three coil mountings, 32/6. Polar, two coil mountings, 22/6. Coil Mounting Strip, 2d. per ft. HYDROMETERS. —For Testing Accumulators, 6/6. JACKS.—Marco Fibre Insulation, o£en circuit, 2/6; double circuit, 3/9; open circuit, with filament control, 4/6. Marco Formica Insulation, open circuit, [ 3/6; double circuit, 4/6. KNOBS.—Polished Ebonite, f, 9d.; lin., tapt 3/16, 1/3. Rentier, Bakelite, 1/6; Master, 3/16, and i shank, with set screw, 1/9. LIGHTNING ARRESTERS.— W.E., 5/9; Muter, 4/6. LOUD SPEAKERS.— Magnovox, without tubes, Amplivox C. A., 2f., £4O; A.2R., £25; A.IR., £l7; R 3, £lO/10/-; Ml, £lO/10/-; M 4, £8; Atlas, amplitone, adj., £3/10/-. Atlas Unit with gramophone attachment, £3/17/6. W.E. Baby, £2/19/6. 521 W., I £9/15/-; 10D., £l7/10/-. TMC, £9. Amplion, Junior AR39, £4. Amplion, Junior De Luxe, AR43, £5;. Dragon type, ARI 9, £B. Music Master type, ARIS, £9. Stirling Baby Speakers, R 1283, £4/15/-. Black and Gold, R1283A, £5/5/-. Brown, 1R1283, £5. Dome, Black aifd Gold, R 1287, £7/17/6. Audiovox, Black, R 12849, £9. Black and Brown, R1284P, £9/10/-. Black and Gold, R1284A, £9/15/-. Stirling Magnovox, Black, 14in. horn, R 1293, £10; 18in. horn, R 1294, £l2/12/-. Music Master, £l2. I £3/15/-. LOOSE COUPLER PARTS. —Primary Wood Ends, Pine 1/6, Maple 2/3, Secondary 9d. per pair. Base Boards, Pine 1/9, Maple 2/6. Complete set of maple ends, including 2 primary ends, 2 sec. ends, moulded base board, sec. rod support. Polished 5/6, Brass Sec. Rods 1/-, Sec. Switch 1/6 each; 8 studs and 2 stops, with extra nuts, 1/2. Flex, 6d.; Ebonite Panel Mounted, with Aerial, Earth, and ’Phone Terminals, Crystal Det, and Crystal Cup completely wired, 5/- each. 2 Tubes, 6d. each. Primary Wire 1/9, Sec. Wire 1/3, 12 Screws 6d. A detailed construction and wiring diagram supplied free. Single Slide Tuner Parts: 2 Maple Ends and Base Board, Polished 4/-, Panel Mounted as in loose coupler parts 5/-, Primary Wire 1/9, N.P. Slider and Bar 1/6, 8 Screws 4d., Tubes 6d. A detailed diagram for constructing and wiring supplied free. METERS.— Stirling, 50 volt Pocket type, 15/-. Elite Pocket Ampmeter, 7/6. Volt Meter, 0 to 10, 7/6. Panel Volt Meter, O 'to 20, 7/6. Hoyt Peep Hole Volt Meter, 0 to 10, 22/6. Hoyt Peep Hole Ampmeter, 0 to 10, 22/6. Eldridge Edo. Frequency, 52/6. Western Thermo Rdo. Freq., £4/10/-. Western Plate Milliampmeter, Jewell Thermo Rdo. Freq., £3/17/6. Motor Car type, charged and discharged, 10/6. Roller Smith Thermo Meters, .0-.500 M.amp., £3/5/-; .0-1 amp., £3/10/-. D/C. Volt Meters, .0.600, £5/5/-. POTENTIOMETERS.— De Forest, 400 ohms., 11/6. Master," skeleton type, 250 ohms., 11/6. Master, moulded bakelite, 300 ohms., 14/6; 400 ohms., 16/6. Marco, 600 ohms., 12/6. K. and C., 200 ohms., 11/9. PLUGS. —Telephone, Marco Stay-put, 2/8. Stay-put Junior, 3/4. Sure-grip, 5/-. Multi-Plug, 13/4. Bestone, multi-plug, 9/6. Multi-connector, 6/8. ’PHONES.— Baldwin type, "C" 75/-, type "F" and "G" £4. Baldwin Unit for loud speaker, 37/6. W.E. American, 2200 ohms., £3/10/-. English, 4000 ohms., 44/-; 8000 ohms., 45/-. Trimm dep., 2200 ohms., 32/6. Professional, 3000 ohms., 45/6. N.S.T., 2000, 4000 ohms., 6000, 8000 ohms., 35/- each. Mell., ’Phones, 4000 ohms., 25/-; Mell., single, 15/-; Mell. De Luxe, Lady’s type, 35/-. Frost, single ’phone, 15/-. Brown, type A., 6000, 8000 ohms., £5/15/-; type 8., 2000 ohms., £5/10/-; type F., 4000 ohms., £2/7/-. Expanse ’Phones, 45/-; Brandes’, 35/-; Col-Mo, 4000 ohms., 32/6. Stirling ’Phones, 44/-. ’PHONE CORDS.— Brown’s Double, 11/- each; others from 3/6. COLVILLE MOORE WIRELESS SUPPLIES LTD. 10 ROWE STREET HOTEL SYDNEY
 * 17/6.
 * GIBLIN REMLER COILS.— 2O, 25, 35, 4/6; 50, 4/9;
 * LOOSE COUPLER.— With range 100 to 1500 metres,

Colville Moore Ad P.4
Keep this Price List by you for reference. It’s the COLVILLE MOORE PARTS LIST RHEOSTATS. —RemIer, Junior, 3 ohms., 6/3; Remler, 6 ohms., 8/6; Remler, Power Rheostat, 3 amp. capacity, 11/6. K. and C., 6 ohms., 7/3. K. and C., Vernier, 6 amp., 10/-; 20 ohms., 8/6; 60 ohms., 8/6. Marco, 30 ohms., 6/8. Marco Vernier, 10/-. In- granic, 6 ohms., 8/6; 6 ohms., vernier, 11/6. C. and H., Vernier Rheostat, 6 ohms., 11/6. Bradleystat, 12/6. ’ SOLDERING OUTFlTS.— Electric Soldering Irons, £2/5/-. Blow-torch Soldering Outfit, 7/6. SCREWS. —N.P.,. with nut, 4 to lin., 1/6; 2/-; 2in., 2/6 doz. STUDS.— N.P., \ and fin., with nut, 1/-. Stops, 6d. per doz. SERIES PARALLEL SWITCH. Marco, black- mounted, 8/4. Expanse, 7/6. Promingham, 5/-. SWITCHES.—-Aerial Switches (see first column). Col-Mo, bushed N.P., l-l/Bin. rad., 1/6 ; Hin., 1/6. Remler, 83, lin. radius, 2/3; Remler, 82, Hin., 3/-; 98, Hin., 4/6.' Master, 1101, 3/-; 1102, 3/6. Single Pole 2-way, with studs and stops, 3/-. D.P. 2-way, series parallel, with studs- and stops, 7/6. Marco’ series parallel, black-mounted, with terminals, 8/4. Battery Switch, Marco, 6/-. Switch Blades, N.P., 3d. each. Marco black-mtd. Inductance Switches, 6/8; 7-point, 8/4; 9-point, 8/4; 11-point, TRANSFORMERS. AUDIO FREQUENCY. —Jefferson, Star, 3 to 1 ratio, 22/6. Jefferson type 41, 3.7521 ratio, 30/-; type 45, 3.121 ratio, 50/-. * United 521, 25/-. R.C.A., 45/-. All American. RADIO FREQUENCY. —R.C.A., 200 to 5000 metres, 45/-. Federal 200 to 600 metres, £2/5/-. Penberthv, 150 to 600 metres, Plug in American standard socket, 7/6. Transformers, high tension, 2 low voltage windings, and high tension, up to half kilowatt, £6/10/-, made to specification. All American.. 3 to 1, 45/-; 5 to 1, 49/6. VARIOCOUPLER PARTS. —Grodan, 4x4 thick cardboard tube, wooden rotor and spindles, 8/6; Varioeoupler spindles, 1/6; 4in. ebonite stator, 3/6; Signal ebonite rotor, 5/-; spindles, 1/6. VARIOMETERS. —Manhattan, 37/6; Bestone, mould- ed, 32/6; Remler, 45/-. Airway, wood, 25/-; moulded, 35/-. Variometers, spindles, 2/6 set VALVE CONTROL PANELS.— Base 5 x x I£, bakelite, Complete with grid condenser, American standard socket, rheostat, 8 terminals. Can be easily hooked up to any circuit; 30/-. Remler, 333 control panel, £l/15/6. Remler, 333 amplifier, con trol panel, £2/10/-. VALVES.—Dullemitter type, Radiotron U/V. 1! •06 amp.; Cunningham 299, .06A.; A.P., .08 amp. De Forest D.V., .06 amp., priced at 30/- eacl Ediswan A.R., .06; Marconi D.E., 3.06 amp., 42/ 1 Radiotron, 201 A., 301 A., 5 volt, 25 amp., 30/- eat 1 Radiotron 202, Cunningham 302, £2/10/-. De Fores D.V., 35/-. A.P. Valve, 6 volts, .25 amp., 30 Mullard Ora, 4 volt, .6 amp. Cossar, 4 volt,. 20/- each. Phillips Detector and Amplifier Valv< 18/6; dry cell type, 28/6. Marconi R., 19/-; D. 37/6; Q.X., 42/6; D. 5, 22/-; D. 6, 50/-. Ediswa A.R., 20/-. Radiotron, U.V. 200, 30/-. VALVE HOLDERS, AND SOCKETS. -Amer standard, Remler, 6/-. K. and C., 6/9. Signal, 3 U.V. 199, socket, Marco 5/-, Remler 6/-. Sign 3/6. Adaptors, U.V. 199, to American standa socket, K. and C., 6/9. Marco, 4/4. Eng., vah socket, 2/-. VALVE PINS. —Split, with nuts, 1/3 set. Socket 1/3 set. Marconi, V. 24, clips, 3/6. WIRING WIRE.—IB gauge, tin copper, 4 lb.; per yd. ALL PARTS IN PRICE LIST NICKEL PLAT I UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. WIRES. All Standard Wire Gauge. ENAMELLED COVERED.—IB, 3/5; 20, 3/5; 22, ; 24, 4/-; 26, 4/6; 28, 5/-; 30, 6/6; 34, 8/6; 38, 13 40, 20/-; 44, 40/- per lb. SINGLE COTTON COVERED.—I 4, 3/6; 16, 3/6; 18, 3/9; 20, 4/-; 22, 4/3; 24, 4/6; 26, 6/-; 28, 7/3 30, /6; 32, 11/-; 34, 13/6; 36, 17/6 per lb. DOUBLE COTTON COVERED.—I 4, 4/- ; 16, 4 18, 4/4; 20, 4/6; 22, 5/6; 24, 6/6; 26, 8/-; 28, 9 ; 30, 10/6; 32, 12/6; 34, 16/-; 36, 20/- per lb. SINGLE SILK COVERED.—2O, 6/6; 22, 7/6; 2- 8/6; 26, 9/6; 28, 10/6; 30, 12/6; 36, 17/6 per lb. DOUBLE SILK COVERED.—2O, 9/6; 22, 10/6; 24 11/6; 26, 12/6; 28, 14/-; 30, 16/-; 36, 22/6; 40, 36/ 44. 80/- per lb. EUREKA, BARE.—22, 24, 26, 1/- per oz. For smal quantities, 3d. extra for winding. BELL WIRE. —2d. per yard. Lighting Flex, 6d. per yard. Miniature Flex, 4d. per yard. Make a point of getting all your supplies from COLVILLE MOORE WIRELESS SUPPLIES LIMITED lO ROWE STREET NEXT HOTEL AUSTRALIA SYDNEY

Welby Radio Co Ad
PRODUCTS TRADE MARK of QUALITY SATURN PRODUCTS No. I—Single Circuit Open. . 3/2 No. 2 —Single Circuit Closed. . 3/6 No. 3—Double Circuit Closed 4/5 No. 4 —Single Filament Control, 4/9 m No. 4a—Second Audio Jack • • 5/4 (For Neutrodyne Receivers) mmssmm CM mmsm SWA kmXcmimaC! THIS Jack is an improvement. on any other Jack on the market. It is made entirely of non-ferrous metals therefore no magnetic influences. The bracket is made of specially prepared brass strip with rounded edge, bent against the grain, insuring extreme strength and good appearance. Nipples, washers, screws, all made of brass, highly nickeled and polished. All blades are made of high-grade German silver of spring temper, having tension springs where needed. The contact tips are made of pure silver, the best substitute for platinum. The ends of the blades are made with the crowfoot offset, allowing easy access for all wires; they are tinned and charged with a Non-Corrosive soldering flux, thereby preventing acid corrosion and consequent short circuits. They are of standard dimension and fit any standard plug, and can be mounted on any panel. I No. s—Double5 —Double Filament Control, No. 6—Detector Jack 6/- (For Neutrodyne Receivers) No. 7—Loop Antenna Jack. . 4/5 No. B—First Audio Jack. . . . 5/8 (For Neutrodyne Receivers) No. 9—Seven Spring Automatic Jack 6/- WELBY RADIO CO. Wholesale Only. FIRST FLOOR, NORTH SIDE 13 ROYAL ARCADE :: SYDNEY

The Triad Ad
aWEETS Hll L O I To win, Name Objects in Picture, beginning with Letter M S " Solve this Easy Puzzle Picture WIN £2SG FREE! " Narrow Escapes EVERY PERSON WHO SENDS IN A LIST OF WORDS UNDER CLASS "A" OR "B"—WHETHER WINNING A CASH PRIZE OR NOT WILL RECEIVE, FREE OF CHARGE, A SPECIAL PRIZE OF A COPY OF OUR NEW BOOK, ENTITLED "NARROW ESCAPES.’’ This brilliant book has been specially compiled and is awarded to commemorate this grand Competition. It is a book of thrills, of funs and fancy—l6o pages of interest, amusement and adventure, beautifully printed and bound with an art cover. Remember, every competitor in Class "A" and "B’’ will receive a copy of "NARROW ESCAPES,’’ free of charge. Of course you would like to win £250. Here’s your opportunity. Make a list of the things in the above puzzle picture beginning with the letter "S." There’s Saddle, Stump, Screw-driver, Shirt, Stockwhip, etc. It’s a great game for your spare time! Over £6OO will positively be paid in cash to the thirty persons who submit the nearest correct answers, so send in your list of "S" words as soon as possible. If your list is awarded First Prize in Class A, you’ll win £250. If you enter for Class B and win First Prize you will be paid £lOO. Under Class C (no subscription payment) you would win £lO for First Prize. The correct list by which judging will be done will be made up only of the correct words in the lists received, thus you are insured honest and impartial treatment. WISHING WILL NOT WlN—so start now. Surprise yourself an i friends by winning £250. Then you can travel, pay a deposit on a new home, buy beautiful things, or establish your own business —the possibilities are great. Two Four Valve "Radiovox" Wireless Sets are also offered as prizes. More Readers for " THE TRIAD " IT COSTS NOTHING TO TRY! There is absolutely no entrance fee of any kind. Our aim is to secure more readers for "THE TRIAD,’’ which, with its unusual stories, its clever verse, its chatty criticisms or art, literature, music, and the drama, is of interest to all. In Classes "A’’ and "B,’’ your payment is solely for subscription to "THE TRIAD,’’ which is issued monthly at 1/- per copy, including free of charge, reproductions, in full colour, of oil and water-colour pictures by representative artists. By taking part in this picture puzzle competition, you make a clear saving of 4/- in the £ on your subscription to this bright, beautiful, entertaining, informative and original journal. It will be a joy for you and yours to receive, every month, "JTHE TRIAD,’’ the leading literary journal of Australia and N.Z. See opposite page.

£6OO In 30 Cash Prizes CLASS "C." If no subscription is sent. Make up your list of "S" words and send it with your payment for subscription to "THE TRIAD,’’ if you are competing in Class "A’’ or "B’\ No subscription payment is necessary for Class "C.’’ Remit payment by Postal Note, Money Order, Crossed Cheque, or Bank Note. It is advisable to send entry and remittance in the same envelope and by registered post. Add exchange to cheques: 6d. N.S.W.; 1/- other States. Payment from N.Z. should be made by Post Office Money Order only. FOLLOW THESE EASY RULES (1) Anyone, excepting employees of "THE TRIAD’’ MAGAZINE, LTD., or their relatives, may take part in this fascinating puzzle game. Competitors may send in any number of entries and may enter in any or all classes so long as the conditions of subscription to "THE TRIAD’’ are fulfilled. Enlarged copy of picture will be sent on receipt of stamped addressed envelope. (2) Name only those objects visible in the picture beginning with letter "S.’’ The idea is to have as many correct words as possible, and the method of awarding the prizes will be to deduct the number of incorrect or omitted words from those which are correct. Whichever list receives the most points will be awarded first prize, and so on down the list of 30 prizes, all of which will be awarded. IN CASE OF TIES FOR ANY PRIZE OFFERED, THE FULL AMOUNT OF EACH PRIZE TIED FOR WILL BE AWARDED TO EACH TYING CONTESTANT. (3) Contestants in each class compete only against those in the class which they enter. The correct list, by which judging will be done, will be made up from the lists sent in by contestants, and not from a ‘ ‘master’ ’ list or an artist’s list. Correct list, list winning £250 prize, and names and addresses of all prize-winners, will be published in the January issue of "THE TRIAD.’’ (4) Use only English words. An object may be named only once, but any part or parts of objects may also be named. Either the singular or plural of a word may be used, but not both. Words of same spelling but different meaning or synonymous words will count once only. Compound (words made up of two complete English words) and hyphenated words are acceptable, but obsolete or foreign words will not be permissible. Any dictionary may be used, but Webster’s International Dictionary will be the final authority. (5) Number your words in the order that you find them —l, 2,3, 4, etc. Write on one side of paper only, and place your full name and address at the top of the sheet. Answers and subscription payments must be enclosed in the same envelope. EXTRA! Two (2) ‘Radiovox’ Four Valve Wireless Sets To Be Won! To the gentleman, sending in the nearest correct list of "S" words, an Extra Prize of a Four (4) Valve "Radiovox" Wireless Set will be added to whichever prize he wins if he enters in Class "A" or Class "B." This set (valued at over £75) has a range of over 6,000 miles. It will be supplied to our order by United Distributors, Ltd., complete with beautifully finished cabinet, valves, loud speaker, batteries and aerials. Delivered with full instructions and all charges prepaid. An Extra Prize of a Four (4) Valve "Radiovox" Wireless Set, as above, will also be awarded under the same conditions to the lady sending in the nearest correct list of "S" words. The patented equipment in these "Radiovox" Models is distinctly superior to any Receiving Set offered in any country and combines a three years’ study by an American Expert, supplemented by the experience of Australian and British Wireless Experts. The winners may choose from two artistic models, either of which will prove a delightful addition to the furniture of any home, as well as providing an entertaining and educative adjunct for the family and friends. The function of the Cabinet in a Receiving Set is two- fold. First, to combine all units into a sightly whole, housing the Batteries, Loud Speakers, etc., out of sight and away from dust and harm, and secondly, and mos important of all, to refine the acoustic properties, delivering voice and music in perfect volume and purity. Decide now to win one of these "Radiovox" Sets and also win a substantial cash prize. This is YOUR opportunity. Don’t miss it. (6) All answers mailed and postmarked November 18th, 1924, will be accepted. CONTESTANTS UNDER CLASS "A" OR "B" MAY QUALIFY BY MAILING SOLUTIONS UP TO MIDNIGHT, NOVEMBER 26th, 1924. All entries received will be carefully considered. (7) The judges will be the Very Rev. Dean Talbot, Sir Frederick Waley and the Hon. W. A. Holman, K.C. The judges are in no way connected with "THE TRIAD/' and all competitors agree to abide by the. conditions of the Competition and to accept the decisions of the judges on any matters as absolutely final and conclusive. Post your answers to the Puzzle Editor, THE TRIAD Ltd., Desk 35, 160 Castlereagh St., Sydney

Home Electric Ad
a* Contemplation THE HOME OF RADIO $ v-r I » Desperation ENAMEL WIRE Just Arrived 22 gauge, in Jib. reels 1/2 22 gauge, in reels 2/1 24 gauge, in £lb. reels 1/4 24 gauge, in reels 2/2 26 gauge, in £lb. reels 1/5 26 gauge, in |lb. reels 2/6 HOMOTONE VALVE SET S :: that give Satisfaction! One Valve—Complete. £l3/10/- iwo Valve—Complete £26 Three Valve—Complete £35 Four Valve—Complete £43/15/- VALVES, HEAD PHONES, CRYSTAL PARTS. LOUD SPEAKERS, CONDENSERS, Etc. f,nV-V Anticipation The Home Electric Radio and Electrical Supplies 106 a. KING STREET. SYDNEY. Phone B 5565 m Realization ‘with a Homotone Set"
 * A

Radio Ad
Send No Money FOR GOODS—PAY POST- MAN ON DELIVERY. COMPLETE SET OF LOOSE COUPLER PARTS, 21/- COMPLETE SET L.C. WOOD PARTS, Beautifully Polished, 47- SWITCH CONTACTS, N.P, lOd. Doz. SEND FOR BARGAIN RADIO CATALOG TO-DAY. COMPLETE SET OF PARTS SINGLE SLIDE SET, 10/- N.P. Detectors 2/- N P. Sliders & Bar 1/9 Cardboard Tubes 4d. Crystals, Mounted 1/- Crystals, Unmounted ... 4d. l|in. Moulded Knob .... 9d. ORDER DIRECT TO-DAY. R AD 10 MAIL ORDERS, No. 7 RAWSON PLACE, SYDNEY.

Mick Simmons Ltd Ad
MICK SIMMONS LTD. Licensed Radio Dealers K. G. 0. SAN FRANCISCO on a Standard 4 Valve Simolian Valve Receiving Set. This was the result of a test by our Radio Expert on Sunday, the 29th September last. Despite the particularly bad static conditions, and on top of numerous howling valves, the Simolian proved that it is a set of quality. Have you heard one of these instruments at work. If not, you should do so before buying a set elsewhere. The set is constructed in the very best manner and with the best of materials. Price complete, and erected free in Sydney, . £55. Call and Arrange Demonstration Call and consult our expert who is only too pleased to give any assistance on construction matters. Remember our motto: " Quality consistent with reasonable prices " Headquarters HAYMARKET, SYDNEY THE WORLD’S GREATEST SPORTS STORE

Warburton Franki Ltd Ad
k$ w 3103 You Can Safely Follow Jtfarconi and USE PHILIPS VALVES ‘JI TYPE FOR EVERY_ NEED." TECHNICAL DATA ĥ Wholesale Distributors WARBURTON FRANKI LTD., 307-11 KENT STREET. SYDNEY. SOLD BY ALL RADIO DEALERS.

Radio Company Ltd Ad
Our New Stores NOW OPEN Radio Company Ltd. 66 King Street (between George and York Streets and Bondi Junction (next Olympic Pictures) ħ h ' IMii Amplion Loud Speakers from £4 Western Electric Loud Speaker . . . 59/6 201 a Valves now in Stock, 35/- Telephones: Brandes, 407- Western Electric . . 44/- New Systems 35/- Radiolas 39/6 B – G. E .*.* !! 39/6 Murdoch’s 27/6 Hie Radio Company Ltd. 9 LOFTUS ST., CIRCULAR QUAY, SYDNEY No. 1 Branch .. 15 Loftus St., Circular Quay No. 2 Branch .. Bondi Junction N <>- 3 Branch 66 King St-. City

Fox & MacGillicuddy Ltd Ad
Putting QUALITY into RADIO m SR JEFFERSON Super – Sensitive Amplifying TRANSFORMERS FOX & MacGILLYCUDDY LTD. DAILY TELEGRAPH BUILDINGS, SYDNEY. Brisbane Agents: Wireless House, Adelaide Street, Brisbane.

Fox & MacGillicuddy Ltd Ad
Mean Added Efficiency and Better Appearance. Ask Your Dealer to Show You Framingham Potentiometer. Framingham "All Tube’ Universal Rheostats. Framingham Vernier Rheostats. Framingham Inductance Switch. Framingham Series Parallel Switch. DeVeau Two-Circuit Radio Jack Cat. No. 25. tfA DeVeau Gold Seal Radio Head Set Cat. No. 843. WHOLESALE ONLY ANNOUNCEMENT. AGENTS FOR— Jefferson Elec. Mfg. Coy. Framingham Products. Premier Electric Coy. Molesworth Crystals. Deveau Goods. Russell Fraser Wire Coy. D A. and Dutilh—Paris. Electrad Grid Leaks. SOLE N S W. SALESMEN FOR— Baldwin ’Phones, Loud Speakers and Units. New York Coil Coy.—Condensers. Complete Stocks of all Radio Goods. FOX & MacGILLYCUDDY LTD. DJILY TELEGRJDH BUILDINGS, SYDNEY. BRISBANE AGENTS: WIRELESS HOUSE, ADELAIDE STREET, BRISBANE.

Swain's Ad
WI REL E S S SWAINS up to 100 miles. 5000 miles. RADIO SETS AND REQUISITES ARE OBTAINABLE AT LOWEST PRICES FROM ’ 119a-123 PITT STREET. SYDNEY A FEW DOORS FROM THE G.P.O. CRYSTAL OUTFITS. . From 25/- Operative within a radius of 25 miles. ONE VALVE SETS .. From £5/10/- TWO to SIX VALVE SETS From £2B/0/0 IMPROVE YOUR CRYSTAL SET BY ADDING OIIR ONE VALVE AMPLIFIER COSTING ONLY £7/7/—READY FOR CONNECTING UP— IT WILL INCREASE THE VOLUME TREMENDOUSLY—AND THE RANGE UP TO 100 MILES OR OUR TWO VALVE AMPLIFIER AT £lO/10/- COMPLETE—OPERATES A LOUD SPEAKER —WE SELL— The Famous FROST Parts and Fittings—All Makes of Valves, Phones and Loud Speakers. Sterling Sets – Loud Speakers – and Phones. Every kind of Crystal All the Latest Books and Magazines on Wireless. The United Distributors Co’s. Home Assembly Sets—Spare Parts—and Fittings. Wireless Concerts and News, daily from 12 till 5.30 p.m. PRICE LIST FREE.

Pacific Electric Co Ad
K and C Radio Apparatus is Made to Last PACIFIC ELECTRIC CO. 87 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY. Phone B 5891 SOLE AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTORS

Clyde Engineering Coy Ad
A FREE CRATE WITH EVERY BATTERY. STOCKS ALWAYS AVAILABLE The Clyde Engineering Coy., Ltd. Battery Service Station Goulburn St. :: Nr. Wentworth Avenue, Sydney PHONE MA 1393

Ridgways Ad
Rl DGWAY'S RADIO STORE Boys, a Crystal Set for 5/9 Results Guaranteed. JUST BELOW HORDERN’S. Country Readers Note: A 4 Valve Set complete with everything, including Loud Speaker £38/10/- Let us know your requirements and our Demonstrating Car will call on you. Demonstrations Daily. Call and See Us. Head Phones just arrived : Trimm’s, 32/6 Frost. . 32/6 Western Electric. . . 44/- Pico. . 25/- RIDG W A Y S (New York Novelty Co.), ’Phone: City 9645. 708 GEORGE ST., HAYMARKET (just BELOW HORDERNS)

The House of Radio Ad
SPECIALISING IN VALVE SETS Our long years of experience in Radio make us first and foremost in this particular branch. Is Mr. Keogh’s American Experience worth being availed of ? We have the Technical Knowledge. Call and See Us "SERVICE" IS OUR WATCHWORD We are landing a big shipment of goods on 4th October. Call and inspect. Note the Address: THE HOUSE OF RADIO 503 George Street Opposite Crystal Palace Theatre

Slingsby & Coles Ad
"HAVE YOU SEEN THE ‘OPTIMA’?" The "Meccano" ol Wireless See for yourself the numerous circuits which can be hooked up with this set. Single Slider Sets 18/6 Loose Coupler Sets £2/12/6 Valve Sets, from. . £9 to £99 The BEST white fibre spider web formers (non- hydroscopic) 1 to 250 turns, 3 sizes, Bd., 9d., and lOd. each. SPECIAL: Our Amplifying Unit for your Crystal Set at • • 37/6 Complete with Valve, A and B Batteries, ready for attachment • *3/12/6 Complete Parts of Loose Coupler, with Polished Maple Woodwork and Coils, wound .. 28/- Slingsby & Coles Licensed Radio Dealers 1 YORK STREET, SYDNEY. 482 A PITT STREET Opposite the Wentworth Hotel. (under the Railway Clock Tower). Telephone B 4194.

Neibeck Mounted Crystal Co Ad
NEIBECK MOUNTED CRYSTALS Give Splendid Results Australete Hertzite Bornite Iron Pyrites Galena Molybdenite Copper Pyrites WHOLESALE DEALERS ONLY NEIBECK MOUNTED CRYSTAL CO. 226A GEORGE STREET NORTH, SYDNEY Ring B 3020 Licensed Radio Dealers

Wireless Weekly Ad
Wireless Weekly SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Single Copies 3d. net 12 months (52 issues), 13/- post free. 6 months (26 issues), 6/6, post free. All communications to be addressed to the Editor, "Wireless Weekly," 33 Regent St., Sydney. Telephone: Redfern 964. All advertising and other matter for insertion should be in the hands of the Editor by Friday. All copy must be written in ink or typed, and on one side of paper only. Advertising Rates on application.

N.S.W. Bookstall Ad
Henley’s 222 Radio Circuit Designs A complete and up- to-date collection of modern receiving and transmitting hook-ups. Newest designs of Circuits from the simple crystal to the most complex vacuum tube receiving sets, including Armstrong, De Forrest, Cockaday, Reinartz, Colpitts, Heising, Neutrodyne, Super Hetrodyne, Push Pull, Reflex, and many others. 284 Diagrams and Illustrations. Price, 5/-; postage 3d. extra. N.S.W. Bookstall Co. Ltd 476 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

Wireless Weekly Promo
Tell Your Friends about " Wireless Weekly "

Howell's Ad
Wireless Apparatus New or Second-hand, Bought, Sold or Exchanged HOWELL’S 19 Barlow Street SYDNEY PHONE : M A 1133 OPEN TILL 9.30 FRIDAY NIGHT

Ramsay Sharp & Co Ad
RAMSAY" RADIO SUPPLIES You cannot buy better : : Everything for the Amateur Maple Base Boards 3/3 Maple Loose Coupler Ends, Set of 4 .. .. 2/6 Contact Stops, N.P., per doz 1/- Contact Studs, N.P., per doz 1/- Runner Rods 10d. Sliding Contacts, brass 1/6 Sliding Contacts, N.P., 2/3 Crystal Detectors, Mounted 3/3 Crystal Detectors, N.P., unassembled .. .. 3/- Crystal Detectors, glass enclosed, mounted, 5/6 Crystal Detectors, glass enclosed, unmounted, 4/2. <*PDT Knife Switches on Porcelain Base, 2/9 DPDT Knife Switches, on Porcelain Base, 4/6 Valve Sockets, R Type 2/6 Valve Sockets, Radiotron Type, 47- Dry Cell Valves, 1£ volt 27/6 Jefferson Transformers, No. 41 30/- Jefferson Transformers, Star 25/- Murdoch 3,000 Head Phones 30/- Murdoch, 2000 Head Phones 257- Winding Wires, all sizes in stock. Aerial Wire, 3/20 2/9 per 100 ft. 43 Variable Condensers 18/6 Primary Tubes Wound 3/6 Secondary Tubes, Wound and Tapped .. .. 6/- CrystaJ Receivers, Panel Mounted .. .. £2/5/- Single Valve £7 Write for Catalogue, W 16. RAMSAY SHARP & COMPANY, LIMITED RADIO ENGINEERS 217 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

Harringtons Ad
CS30 The Best Parts Make The Best Sets We have large stocks of Gilfillan Products also Marco Parts CALL AND INSPECT " IMPERIA" RECEIVING SETS— -1 to 6 Valves Full Supplies of VALVES, SPEAKERS, & PHONES L LTP 386 George Street, Sydney MELBOURNE: 266 Collins Street. KATOOMBA: Kstoomba Street. BRISBANE: 93 Queen Street. ADELAIDE: 10 Rundle Street. WELLINGTON, N.Z.: 42 Willis Street. AUCKLAND, N.Z.: 140 Queen Street.

Murdoch's Ad
>4\JRDOC//8 Remarkable Values in Murdoch Valve Sets READY ASSEMBLED In polished Maple Cabinets, assembled by experts, every Set tested and guaranteed perfect. Complete with batteries, head- phones, valves, aerial wire, and insulators. 1 Valve 2 3 4 99 99 99 £lO 13 0 16 7 0 23 3 0 29 14 3 HEADPHONES Tested Trimm’s Dependable, 2000 ohms 32/6 Trimm’s Professional, 3000 ohms 457- Frost Fones, 2000 ohms 32/6 Frost Fones, 3000 ohms 37/6 SPECIAL QUALITY "Baldwin" Radio Headset, with Mica Diaphragm 4000 ohms 75/- LOUD SPEAKERS Model Ml Magnavox, "Supreme in its Class," Requires no battery for its operation. Spec- ial Gold Finish De Luxe £lO Model M 4 Magnavox, Black and Gold Finish,. . £9 CONDENSERS Variable Condensers: .0005 21-Plate 13/6 .001 43-Plate 18/6 Special Quality, with Vernier, .001 32/6 Murdoch Valve Sets Ready to be Assembleu Headphones, aerials, valves, batteries, etc., Extra. 1 valve. , . £5/5/- 2 valve .... £7/7/- 3 valve .... £9/9/- m Every line here is backed by the good name and guarantee of MURDOCH’S /nfbnh Street Ltd.. SYDNEY The Worlds Largest Mens c Boys 'lVedrSfore*X Special Quotations and skilled advice on all wireless matters —free. Murdoch’s Pay Carriage

E. R. Cullen Ad
CULLEN JOTTINGS No. 1 I f/istif At "Do a man a service, and you will get his business/’ wrote Roger Button—and isn’t it so? It is not enough to merely persuade him to purchase once. It is in making purchasers regular customers that business prospers. Service, REAL service, helpful, ungrudging service is the keynote. We have proved it so! Full stocks of REMLER goods on hand. I 0.1. A. Valves 30/- Crystal Sets from 307- Frost Phones . . • • 32/6 Western Electric Phones 44/- Brandes Phones 40/- Murdochs Phones 30/- New Systems Phones 357- Sterling Phones 44/- r The Competition is now Competition closed. The winner will be announced in the next issue of the "Wireless Weekly." EM©uBle®i 96, Bathurst Street Phone: City 896 and 2596

Amalgamated Wireless (A/asia)
GREATER EFFICIENCY with Marconi Wireless Apparatus Long experience in successful manufacturing, and unremitting research by the Master Minds of the Wireless Industry—that’s what is behind the name MARCONI. The low tension Dry Battery and the D.E.3 Valve, each has distinctive features which render them supreme for efficiency and reliability- 1: Marconi Valve Type D.E. 3. PRICE 42/6 The Marconiphone Low Tension Dry Battery has an extraordinarily high capacity of 150 ampere hours. Very low internal resistance and high insulation against current leakage, are factors in its efficiency. This Battery provides sustained voltage and a slow, quiet even discharge. It is specially designed for use with D.E # 3 valve. m m Jgz Marconi Dry Battery, PRICE £3/3/- The Marconi D.E. 3 valve is of the modern dull emitter type, the working filament wattage being only .18, and the voltage 3at .06 amperes. It works with a dry battery at a very low cost compared with the accumulator-heated valve filament. The D.E. 3 can be used very successfully as a Detector, High-frequency Amplifier, or a Note Magnifier. This valve gives excellent results when used in conjunction with a loud speaker. Procurable from all Radio Dealers. Amalqatnated"p|Wirele s s 97 Clarence Street, Sydney Collins Street, Melbourne

Lawrence & Hanson Electrical Ad
" STERLING " (BRITISH MAKE) ħ AUDIVOX ALL PURPOSE LOUD SPEAKER 1. In Radio there is no greater goodwill than that possessed by "STERLING" Loud Speakers. Quality created it and quality will keep it. 2. THE "AUDIVOX" is faithful to an echo in reproduction—clear, melodious and perfect in tone— ample in volume, with never a sign of distortion. A true "STERLING" production. 3. It is the all-purpose Loud Speaker—equally suitable for home and public use indoors or outdoors. AUDIVOX is supplied in the following finishes:— Black Enamel £9 0 0 Brown, Floral 9 10 0 Black and Gold 9 15 0 STERLING LIGHTWEIGHT HEADPHONES, 4000 ohms 445. "STERLING" Radio Goods, obtainable from all Radio Dealers. Large Stocks Immediate Delivery. STERLING TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO. LTD., LONDON Sole Agents for N.S.W. and Queensland : The LAWRENCE & HANSON ELECTRICAL Co. Lid 33 York Street, Wynyard Square, Sydney. and Charlotte St., Brisbane Telephone City 6016 ( 3 Lines)

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