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Metroid franchise strategy guide/Space Pirate

The Space Pirates are members of a fictional, alien, intelligent and militaristic species that appear throughout the Metroid series, as well as other members of the criminal/terrorist organization that the species comprises. Resembling bipedal crustaceans, they are sometimes referred to as Zebesian Space Pirates, or just Zebesians in the Super Metroid game manual, although later games have revealed that the Pirates are not native to the planet Zebes. The Space Pirates species was not present during the events of the original Metroid and Metroid II: Return of Samus.

History
The Space Pirates were first encountered shortly after the founding of the Galactic Federation. These Pirate groups would attack and raid spaceships to search for loot and to instill fear in the people of the Galactic Federation. Their main goal was (and for the entirety of the series, is) to take over as the dominant force in the Galaxy.

During one particular Pirate raid led by Ridley, the Pirates targeted the colony K2-L in an attempt to steal the mineral called Afloraltite, a great source of fuel and energy. During the raid, a small human child came upon Ridley amidst all the destruction. Ridley attacked the girl, but her mother took the blow for her. With the mother dead, Ridley planned to kill the small child, but an explosion destroyed his ship (caused by the girl's father in a suicide bombing) and he was forced to leave. This girl was later brought to Zebes by Chozo who she then lived with. This girl, Samus Aran, grew up with the Chozo even as she developed a hatred for the Pirates.

On an expedition to SR388, The Federation discovered an organism known as a Metroid. Studies showed that exposure to beta rays would cause them to multiply. This 'Metroid' is theorized to have wiped out an advanced civilization on SR388.

When the Pirates learned of it, they immediately set out and attacked the ship containing the capsule. They stole the hibernating Metroid and brought it to the fortress planet of Zebes in hopes of using the Metroid as a biological weapon. The planet, a confusing labyrinth underneath and an impregnable rock layer on top, was a prime selection for the Space Pirates. The Federation, knowing what destruction this creature could cause, sent out search teams to find the Metroid and return it to Federation authority.

Eventually, they tracked the Pirates down and began attacking the planet and the Pirate base, yet none of their forces could penetrate it. Meanwhile, the Pirates in the base were successfully cloning Metroids, and the Federation was now desperate. They proceeded to called in the famous Space Hunter, Samus Aran, to stop the Pirates, destroy the Metroids, and eliminate the Pirate leader which ran the base on Zebes which was a creature named Ridely and the Pirate computer, Mother Brain.

Metroid / Metroid Zero Mission
In the original Metroid the Space Pirates were not featured in the game at all; their activities were only mentioned in the game's instruction manual. For the remake Metroid: Zero Mission, Space Pirates were included in the game's final section. Their appearance (or lack thereof) in Tourian in the original Metroid is retconned in Zero Mission, as dried Space Pirate husks are seen strewn throughout the Metroid-infested area. It can be assumed that the Space Pirates lost control of the creatures and were wiped out. This would be the first, but far from the last, time that a pirate group would meet this fate.

Metroid Prime
After the destruction of their Zebesian base, the Pirates split into two groups; one would return to Zebes and attempt to rebuild their base and revive Mother Brain while the other searched for a powerful energy source to aid the Pirates (somewhat reminiscent of their previous hunts for Afloraltite). Not long after did the second group detect a massive energy supply emitting from the planet Tallon IV, a former home of the Chozo. The Pirates then landed there, and set up a base to find the energy and use it. When found, they named it Phazon, a radioactive substance directly responsible for the decline of Tallon IV's environment.

Building a base in the Phendrana Drifts, where the cold temperatures made it easier to maintain and control experimental life-forms, as well as a massive mining complex, the Pirates began experimenting with Phazon. Once they learned of its potential, they began exposing Tallon's inhabitants to Phazon. However, initial tests were unsuccessful, and most third generation specimens died.

However, they eventually mastered Phazon exposure, and learned that if the creature survived the infusion process, muscle tissue would grow, though brain tissue degenerated, causing insanity. Eventually, with enough testing of different Phazon types, the Space Pirates found a way to mutate organisms without much loss of brain tissue.

Eventually they brought Metroids to Tallon IV to see what a Metroid's reaction to Phazon would be. After an initial problem at the landing site resulting in the death of three Metroids, they were safely transported to Phendrana Drifts, due to a new find that cold temperatures made them sluggish. They soon learned that Metroids could absorb this energy without limitation, resulting in a different evolutionary growth; they would evolve either into Fission Metroids or Hunter Metroids.

Once mastered, they even began experimenting on their own kind, which ended up being the creation of the Elite Pirates, the Phazon Elites, and the culmination of their efforts created the Elite Pirate Upsilon, or the Omega Pirate. Certain Phazon would bring a new age to the Pirates, they continued Phazon experimentation with various creatures, including parasites on an orbiting frigate, Orpheon.

Late in their operations they traced Phazon back to its source; the impact crater of the meteor that brought Phazon to Tallon IV. They sensed massive energy readings from within, and even detected bio signs of a giant creature located in the crater, absorbing high amounts of Phazon. However, they could not access said crater due to a powerful containment surrounding it. Tracing the field back to a Chozo Temple, they learned that in order to breach the shield, twelve Chozo artifacts would be needed. Finding a few, they continued their search in hope of controlling both the Phazon and the creature in the crater.

In the original, U.S. version of Metroid Prime, the Space Pirates eventually found the creature, and named it Metroid Prime. They were amazed at its capabilities: not only could it absorb Phazon, but it could also produce it. They tried to contain it, but it escaped several times, at one point assimilating Space Pirate weaponry. Other versions of the game laid out the sequence of events differently. The pirates were only able to detect Prime beneath the surface, leaving its name and the technology it had absorbed unexplained.

They also resurrected the defeated Ridley, and added cybernetic enhancements, making him an even fiercer opponent. They called their new creation "Meta Ridley". The Space Pirate High Command also planned on allowing him to head Pirate Security. However, he could not do so until his enhancements were complete on Orpheon.

In the Chozo Ruins while exploring for Chozo items, they encountered several Chozo-like entities, named Chozo Ghosts. Killing many personnel, the Pirates planned on destroying these apparitions, which seemed to haunt several religious areas.

Eventually, Phazon exposure of the Parasites resulted in the birth of four enormous mutant Parasite Queens. Two died due to Phazon overexposure, but the remaining two survived, and one escaped. It and the mutated Parasites eventually eliminated or injured a significant majority of the Pirates on board, excluding Meta Ridley. A distress signal was sent out, but Samus Aran detected the distress call and went out to find its source. Eliminating a Parasite Queen, she was forced to flee as the body fell into the reactor. On the way out, she spotted Meta Ridley, chasing after him as he escaped to the planet.

After causing havoc in their Phendrana base, she proceeded on through the crashed Frigate Orpheon to Phazon Mines, where she learned of the Pirates somewhat successful attempts to duplicate Samus's weapons (the Power Beam, Wave Beam, Ice Beam, and Plasma Beam) and used them against her. While capable of similar power, they were of inferior design and could be destroyed by using the weapon that corresponded with their own.

Traveling deeper into the Mines, she encountered the Elite Pirates and the Phazon Elite, proceeding all the way to the Elite Quarters, where the Omega Pirate dwelt. After defeating the Pirate, it crashed upon her, infusing her suit with massive amounts of Phazon, creating the Phazon Suit. With the defeat of the Omega and the Elites, the Pirates were all but finished.

After acquiring all the Chozo Artifacts, Samus traveled to the Artifact Temple where she could access the Impact Crater and destroy the Phazon and the creature there. In a final attempt to stop her from entering the Crater, Meta Ridley arrived and tried to kill her once more, destroying much of the Temple in the process. Samus ultimately defeated him, and in their wrath, the spirits of the Chozo cause the statues of their race to send piercing lasers toward Ridley's body, with the large amount of force launching him over the edge of the Temple; the last that is seen of him is a massive explosion somewhere within the Crater.

Hunters
The Pirates played a very small role during the events of Metroid Prime Hunters, but Weavel, a former Pirate general was introduced. In a previous battle with Samus Aran, he was defeated and supposedly killed, but was found by fellow Pirates and restored to health. However, the damage was so extensive his brain and spine were implanted in a space pirate copy of the chozo suit Samus wears. Although losing the rank of general, he quickly proceeded to the tops of the Pirate assassination force due to his unique physique and his prior training. Mastering the Battlehammer and utilizing his alternative form, the Halfturret, he proved himself to be a formidable foe. He was one of the many who received the telepathic message from the Alimbic Cluster, and took off in search of it. There he traveled the Cluster in search of Octoliths, which would lead him to the Ultimate Power spoke of in the message. However, whether or not he wanted the Ultimate Power for himself or for the Pirates is unknown.

Finally accessing the Oubliette when Samus Aran operated the Alimbic Cannon to find the Ultimate Power, he and the other Hunters joined together to open the seal holding what they believed the Ultimate Power was. However, when the seal broke, a monstrous creature known as Gorea emerged, who then drained them of energy and duplicated their weapons as its own.

After Samus Defeted Gorea (she had witnessed the defeat of the other Hunters) the Hunters ships, along with Weavel's, were seen escaping the exploding Oubliette. Nothing more is known of Weavel.

Metroid Prime 2: Echoes
After their defeat on Tallon IV, the Pirates went off in search of more Phazon to compensate for their losses on Tallon IV. Finding energy readings on Aether, they traveled to what they presumed was a peaceful planet. They soon learned that a terrible war was being waged between the natives, the Luminoth, and an unknown foe. Creating a base in Agon Wastes, they discovered the Dark Beam, the means to open a portal that led to Dark Aether. Learning of a Phazon meteor that caused the planet to split into a Light and Dark world and the birth of a race of dark creatures known as the Ing, they immediately requested more military support, as even the atmosphere in Dark Aether was poisonous.

Realizing that all planetary Phazon was found in Dark Aether, they began mining operations, which turned into a disaster. The Ing, believing the Pirates to be enemies, constantly attacked the Pirates, possessing and destroying them. Not only that, but planetary instability was high due to a large attack somewhere in the mountains, most likely the Ing's raid of Sanctuary Fortress. Phazon experimentation on Metroids was also carried out.

The Pirates also were forced to deal with Dark Samus, who they believed was actually Samus Aran. The creature raided their base, only stealing Phazon to sustain itself and destroying anything that tried to hinder its progress. In one attack, Dark Samus destroyed the Pirates' shield generator, causing them to be discovered by the Federation ship Tyr, the original target of Samus's rescue mission. However, the Federation's weapons were ineffective against the Ing and the entire crew was soon killed.

Following Samus Aran's arrival on Aether, after finding out that Dark Samus was not Aran, the Pirates hoped to form an alliance with Dark Samus, discovering that it held a grudge against her for destroying its true form in Metroid Prime. However, this peace proposal went unheeded, and Dark Samus continued to interfere with the Pirates' plans until it was vaporized by Samus. After the collapse of Dark Aether, the Pirates were forced to abandon their base.

Metroid Prime 3: Corruption
After the events of Echoes, the Galactic Federation rendered assistance to the remaining Luminoth in removing Space Pirate equipment from Aether. In doing so, the small amount of Phazon left on the planet was revealed, and the Federation salvaged a portion of what was left to conduct their own experiments. Upon learning of the remaining Phazon, the Pirates took it upon themselves to stealthily extract what was left of it, but in the process they had collected a dormant Dark Samus along with the Phazon.

Dark Samus took control of the Space Pirate force, brainwashing them into following her orders without question. They considered it an honor for Dark Samus to launch a Leviathan at their home planet, corrupting it with Phazon. In addition, they raided the G.F.S. Valhalla, stealing the ship's resident Aurora Unit, 313, and using it to corrupt the other Aurora Units with a Phazon virus. Due to Dark Samus' control over them, the Space Pirates become powered by Phazon instead of corrupted by it.

The Galactic Marine Corps. use a prototype suit stolen from Space Pirate bases. The suit is named the Phazon Enhancement Device (PED for short) the suit can transfer energy in a backpack to strengthen the body of the user. Apparently the suit of the Marine Corps. is much safer than the Space Pirate technology. The original suit caused many Space Pirates to produce a disease called Phazon Fever. It was possibly referenced in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes that a pirate got this "fever" showing that the Space Pirates were possibly experimenting this suit even then. The Space Pirates have perfected the technology as well, however; most of their main force is capable of using the PED at will.

In the game, the Space Pirate Homeworld (never given a specific name) is visited for the first time. It appears that all traces of organic material, with the exception of Phazon, has been purged from the planet; everything is metallic. Acid rain constantly pours down in unsheltered locations, harming those without proper protection. A series of connected subways are used to traverse the homeworld effectively.

According to scans of Space Pirate Militias, disobedient members often find themselves as "dinner" for regular troopers, suggesting that Space Pirates are (at least to some degree) cannibalistic.

Super Metroid
Gone from the events of Metroid II: Return of Samus, they returned for Super Metroid in a second attempt to use Metroids for galactic conquest. At some point before this game, they allied themselves with the KiHunters, Space Pirates from another galaxy. Reestablishing a base on Zebes, the Space Pirates also resurrect the mainstays of the Pirate armies: Kraid and Ridley, along with Mother Brain. Ridley goes out to steal the last known Metroid hatchling from a space colony, shortly after it was brought there by Samus, who was returning from an expedition to SR-388 where she wiped out the rest of the species. A distress signal was sent out quickly, and Samus returned, but Ridley escaped with the Metroid.

Samus chased Ridley back to Zebes, and finally defeated the final boss needed to unlock Tourian in the deeper section of Norfair. It is unknown if Phantoon and Draygon were associated with the Space Pirates in any way, but given their importance, along with Kraid and Ridley to open the final section of the game, they might have been leaders of some sort. Supporting this theory are the golden statues built on the entrance to Tourian, which represent (and possibly honor) the four major bosses in Super Metroid: Kraid, Phantoon, Draygon and Ridley. Samus, having access to the core of the base, entered and faced the Mother Brain but was unprepared to face Mother Brain's second form. As Mother Brain was about to destroy Samus, the Super Metroid arrived and refilled her energy. Mother Brain destroyed the Metroid during the process, but not before it powered up Samus's Power Beam. Samus, enraged by the death of the Metroid, used her new weapon to destroy Mother Brain. Escaping, Samus saw the final destruction of Zebes, and a powerful blow to the Pirate organization. The Metroids had been hunted to extinction, Ridley, Kraid and Mother Brain were once again destroyed, but whether or not the Space Pirates were finished or if they had more bases is unknown at this time.

Metroid Fusion
Once again the Pirates played a small role during the events of Fusion. Samus stumbled upon the frozen corpse of Ridley on the B.S.L. station, in cold storage by Federation scientists. X Parasites mimicking Pirate troopers also appeared, suggesting that they somehow absorbed Pirate DNA. It is unknown if there were any Pirates on the station, since they would have been killed, and subsequently mimicked, by the parasite.

High Command
There are a number of references to "Command" or "High Command" in Pirate logs in both Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 2: Echoes. Command is apparently the head of the Space Pirates, responsible for issuing orders, troops, and supplies. While this body is authoriatarian, it is not totalitarian, as one Space Pirate's log on Aether openly rebelled against the government established there.

Science Team
There are several references to "Science Team" in Pirate Logs in both Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 2: Echoes. It appears that they direct research. They are below Command in the hierarchy of Pirate society, but because they are not a military division, they have more leeway than the rest of the Pirates. Science Team appears at times to be rather detached from what actually goes on in the field; in particular, one major disaster involved their belief that Metroids could be domesticated; the creatures entered a rampage and killed some Pirates before being destroyed themselves.

It would seem that Science Team is sometimes at odds with some Pirate soldiers as evidenced by a miscellaneous Pirate Log which can be found in the Pirate's make-shift base camp in the Agon Wastes of Aether. The log appears to be written by a skeptical Pirate who disagrees with a plan of Science Team's, making the point of saying that Science Team "has vapor for brains."

Security Team(s)
The group of Pirates that Samus Aran finds herself fighting off in the Metroid games. Security Team is not so much a group as it is a name for the group of Pirates who have the responsibility of defending bases from intruders. They are also in charge of defending and/or carrying out scientific experiments for the higher orders.

Pirate society and laws
In the Space Pirate society, obedience is a strict law. Those who do not comply with orders from higher command officials will be met with strict and cruel punishment. The punishments range from simple ration and pay cuts to death; offenses punishable by death include any signs of cowardice in a battle or sympathy towards a victim, as well as inability to follow orders, which is considered equal to treason. However, they do appear to allow free speech, as some computers in Echoes have messages that criticize High Command or Science Team. Whether these aggressive traits are inherent to the species or merely a product of their society remains a mystery.

The true leader of the Space Pirates is the subject of some debate. The Mother Brain was assumed to fill that role for some time, but the Metroid manga revealed that the Mother Brain was an ally of the Chozo on Zebes before it was taken by the Pirates. Also, the repeated mention of a High Command in the Prime games indicate that many Pirate operations take their orders from another source. According to the last game to mention leadership, Metroid Zero Mission, Ridley is (or, at least, was) the leader.

While the Space Pirates appear to be very good at stealing and modifying technology and bioforms, they seem to have little regard for the safety of their researchers, soldiers or experimental subjects. Given the rate at which they seem to go through each of the above, as well as their willingness to experiment on their own species, it can be assumed that they have a vast existing population and/or a rapid breeding rate. The recurrence of certain powerful creatures (primarily Ridley, but also Kraid and Mother Brain) suggests that the Pirates possess some sort of resurrection or cloning technology, which may also explain their willingness to let mass numbers of their own kind die. The method by which the Space Pirates reproduce, and even whether or not they have sexual traits, is still unknown.

In Prime, a message warning of Phazon madness in pets indicates that the Pirates keep domesticated animals, though no such animals are actually seen. In Echoes, one computer's information states that a member of the Science Team had been affected by Phazon madness, and, claiming the Phazon for himself, held his companions at gunpoint until security arrived. Several messages in Echoes inform Pirates that Metroids should not be kept or considered as pets, implying that at least one Pirate has tried to tame a Metroid (and was likely killed by the creature). Apart from this, no other records exist to indicate any concept of leisure or entertainment, let alone art, in Space Pirate culture.

In Prime, it is noted that Pirates use live creatures for target practice, as one Pirate log notes that a Pirate attempted to use a Metroid as target practice, and barely survived, receiving severe brain damage.

The basis of the Pirates' lofty ambitions of conquest has yet to be revealed, along with their origin. Despite their fanaticism for their cause, a religious motivation is unknown. Although their disregard and contempt for religions makes this appear unlikely, Space Pirate Data Log 11.420.7, entitled "Metroid Morphology," which is found in the first Metroid Prime, does suggest some sort of spiritual impetus:

 * "Metroid dissection continues to provide more questions than answers. Our research teams have isolated the energy conduits that run from the invasive twin mandibles to the energy core in the creature's quadripartite nucleus, but the manner in which a Metroid actually extracts the life force from its prey remains an utter mystery. The victim does not lose blood or any other vital fluids, and yet the Metroid extracts energy: identifying this energy is our central problem. It takes no physical form, and yet without it, the victim dies. We will continue to research this matter, as the isolation of this life-giving essence could be the key to our ascendance."

However, a definitive explanation for their origins and behavior has yet to be given.

Galvanic Accelerator Cannon
The Galvanic Accelerator Cannon (GAC) is a weapon used by the Space Pirates stationed on Tallon IV in Metroid Prime. GACs are also equipped to Humility Class Turrets in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes

Attached to the beings' right arm, the GAC's are fired by raising their single finger into an alcove containing a trigger. They fire small, reddish bolts of energy capable of dealing minimal damage, but they fire very fast and have extremely low recoil.

Quantum Assault Cannon
After the events on Tallon IV, the Pirates abandoned GACs for QACs, Quantum Assault Cannons, seen throughout the rest of the series — prototypes of these can be found in Lab Hydra, and a few are seen in the first story, depicted in Metroid: Zero Mission.

Scythes
The standard pirates stationed on Tallon IV had powerful scythe blades attached to their wrists, although they are more like bayonets or swords. These swiveled up alongside their arms when not in use, and rapidly swung out into attack position when situations called for close-range attacks. Troopers had their blades, dubbed Photonic Power Scythes, grafted directly onto their left arms, evidently replacing their hands, on both Tallon IV and Aether. Commandos on Aether had energy blades that emerged from the tips of their cannons, and some of the pirates in Corruption have similar blades that form from their left wrists.Weavel in Prime Hunters has what looks like an energy bayonette on his wrist, which he uses in his alt-form.

Shields
Pirate Commandos have energy shield generators carried on their left arms, which deflect all attacks. In Echoes, they are indestructible. However, in Corruption, one can "grab" a shield with the Grapple Beam and toss it away.

Space Frigates
The Space Pirates are seen to use gigantic spaceships to move around space, and two of these are visited by Samus throughout the series. In Metroid: Zero Mission, she sneaks into a huge purple spaceship. The actual name of the ship is not revealed, but the game refers to it as the Space Pirate Mother Ship. After recovering her Power Suit, she destroys the ship, steals a fighter ship, and escapes.

In Metroid Prime, Samus' adventure starts by exploring the space frigate Orpheon, which has been recently evacuated due to a catastrophic uprising of experimental test subjects. (Namely, the Parasite Queen specimens.) Samus destroys the frigate and escapes, leaving the Orpheon crashing down on Tallon IV. Later in the game, she finds and revisits the wreckage of this ship.

Logs in the Orpheon's map room also make mention of other frigates, such as the frigate Vol Parragom.

These frigates usually appear alone and without aid of a larger fleet, and, when orbiting planets, seem to be the source of the many experiments and strongholds planetside. This seems to suggest that the Pirates are very independent of High Command, and this may also explain their wide range of appearances, since they may identify each other's position in physical appearance and personal experimentation. For example, Orpheon, in Metroid Prime, in-game (the official artwork reveals a far more insectoid figure), boasts Pirates with muscular, reptilian features under a scaly exterior with almost fleshy covering, and heads with clearly defined claw-like hands and mouths, also reptilian. However, the ship the GF troopers shoot down at the beginning of Metroid Prime 2: Echoes boasts the planetside Pirates with their distinctive claws, insectoid heads, and a clearly defined exoskeleton.

Starfighters
In Metroid: Zero Mission, several one-manned Space Pirate starfighters are seen escorting Ridley's Space Frigate. They appear some time later once Samus attempts to escape after defeating Mother Brain, and is set upon by several of the ships. Their shape can be described as mimicking a horseshoe crab, complete with a long tail. They are colored green, and have a symbol of unknown meaning on them. Their speed is swift, although they couldn't overtake Samus's ship in Metroid Zero: Mission. The craft's firepower was strong enough to take her ship down, although whether Samus' ship had shields or was critically hit is not known. Samus later stole one of the vessel when she escaped, though it was colored cyan and lacked a symbol.

After Metroid: Zero Mission, no fighter has been reported, although there have been several dropships depicted. One type is in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, and is roughly the same size as a Federation Dropship, and can indeed fly into space. The other type has been seen in the demo(s) of Metroid Prime 3: Corruption, and looks as if it can only hold at least two Pirates, who are passengers. It is unknown whether this smaller carrier can fly into space, or if it is even piloted by a Pirate and not robotic.

Pirate Troopers
The most common, well-known form of the Pirates in the games. They contain moderate shielding and are the mainstay of the Space Pirate crews. They wield either Galvanic Accelerator Cannons or Quantum Assault Cannons, and are quite agile. Some wield photonic energy scythes for a melee attack. They rapidly attack intruders with their accelerator cannons and will charge or jump over large distances to attack enemies with their scythes. Pirate troopers will often disable door systems in the rooms intruders are in so they cannot escape. Troopers usually form some kind of basic tactic to deal with foes, generally involving the simple fact that Troopers are rarely (if ever) alone. Space Pirates will also cling to walls while firing or run up close for a melee attack. Space Pirates will hide when on duty so as to not be seen. When intruders enter, however, they will attack with extreme aggression and prejudice. They are the only enemies seen in a Metroid game, other than an SA-X, capable of opening doors Samus has run through. It is unclear how they created log entries on computers, or exercised any fine motor skills whatsoever, without fingers, so it may be possible that the lobster-like appendages are merely a covering, and are removable. Or the computers are able to pick up brain waves that the Space Pirates send out, but no information has been shown that supports this idea.

Elite Pirates
During their stay on Tallon IV, the Pirates started a program known as "Project Helix". On the most basic level, the Project was a supersoldier experiment, using Phazon to mutate and enhance their own kind. The resulting creatures were the Elite Pirates. Elite Pirates are roughly two or three times the size of normal Pirates and are highly dangerous at any range. Prior to Samus Aran's arrival on Tallon IV, Elite Pirates were to be rushed into mass production to launch attacks on all of the Space Pirates' enemies—however, these plans were abandoned after she destroyed their labs. The Elite Pirates have an energy-siphon system, allowing them to absorb beam weapon energy with hand-produced shields. They use this siphoned energy to fuel their massive Plasma Artillery Cannons. Concussive weapons (Missiles) are more effective against Elites.

Phazon Elites
Phazon Elites were the result of the Pirates' first attempts at creating Elites. Phazon Elites were no larger or faster than the more efficient, easily produced Elites that followed, but were far stronger. Due to a failure to understand the complete nature of Phazon at the time, the Pirates gave the Phazon Elites far more than was necessary, resulting in a drastically shortened lifespan and psychosis in most subjects. The single product that did survive was covered in bulging, Phazon-filled veins, but was incapable of using them for anything; they were simply a corruption that would eventually be its undoing. Before that time came, though, Samus killed it to find a Chozo Artifact.

The Phazon Elite doesn't use the Plasma Artillery Cannon of its "descendants"; rather, it relies far more on the shockwave generator in battle. This sacrifice is not without its benefits, however; the lack of the vulnerable cannon makes the Phazon Elite nearly twice as hardy and enduring as its counterparts.

Omega Pirate
Elite Pirate Upsilon, codenamed 'Omega Pirate' by its creators, is the most powerful of the Elite Pirate forces, and is by far the largest, dwarfing the other Elite Pirates. The Omega Pirate was the ultimate result of Project Helix. Most Elite Pirates either suffer from serious cases of Phazon Madness or die after such intense infusion, but Upsilon had a natural tolerance for these effects, allowing infusion to go far beyond standard safety restrictions. The Omega Pirate has shielding on its weak spots and can regenerate tissues by covering its wounds with Phazon. It can render itself invisible to the naked eye with a cloaking device called the Chameleon Manta (though it can be traced with the X-Ray Visor). It can only be damaged while regenerating. If it completes its regeneration, Samus has to start all over again with destroying its armor. It is of great size (roughly four times as tall as Samus), and also wields retractable wrist bayonets, an energy deflection shield, and a more powerful version of the Plasma Artillery Cannon, known as Plasma Incendiary Launchers, as well as a Wave Quake Generator that is faster and more powerful than that of basic Elite Pirates. The Space Pirates are said to consider the Omega Pirate the pinnacle of the Phazon program, with its only weakness being its high dependence on Phazon to sustain itself. Omega can also summon Beam Troopers as a distraction, but ironically, most of its attacks can destroy any unlucky Trooper that is on the ground. Defeating the Omega Pirate gives Samus the Phazon Suit, which protects her from Blue Phazon damage (but not the Orange Phazon in the Impact Crater). She obtains the suit when the dead Pirate collapses on her, enhancing her suit with the huge amounts of Phazon stored within its body.

Pirate Commando
Pirate Commandos are trained for the sole purpose of "hunting the Hunter". Dangerous combatants at any range, they carry variable pulse cannons, EMP-grenade launchers, and energy scythes. They also have a portable shield generator which allows them to shield themselves from attack and jetpacks to travel quickly over any terrain. On the planet Aether, Ing warriors were known to possess them. In fact, these pirates were prized amongst the Ing as trophies. These "Dark" Pirate Commandos could phase in and out of local time-space at will, due to the fact that only Hunter Ing, which also have the phasing abilities, are allowed to possess them.

Pirate Grenadier
Found in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, this is a standard Pirate capable of firing high-powered grenades at intruders. They have the same health amount as other Pirates, but often stay on high ground, due to the fact that they lack any other weapons. Despite the fact they possess the Scythes of their counterparts, they never use them; if Samus comes into striking range, they prefer to bludgeon her with their grenade launchers (a very weak, clumsy effort).

Flying Pirates/Pirate Aerotroopers
Flying Pirates (later called Pirate Aerotroopers) are standard Space Pirates outfitted with missile launchers and jet packs. Their appearance, however, varies somewhat from other Pirates. They are less bulky, and have somewhat lighter green skin. These Pirates often are the second most common Pirates in Space Pirate operations. They are quite agile and attack furiously with missiles and standard Pirate armaments to eliminate their targets. The jetpacks are not without their flaws, however; in addition to generating vast quantities of heat and smoke (which make tracking with Thermal Imaging and the naked eye much easier, respectively), the jetpacks can be overloaded by extreme heat, such as that caused by the Plasma Beam or Light Beam. When shot down (if not completely destroyed), Aerotroopers will attempt a last-ditch Kamikaze attack which consists of them spiraling toward their target which causes their jetpacks to explode. According to the log entry on aerotroopers, they do this because they prefer "death before dishonor".

Aqua Pirates
Aqua Pirates utilize many of the same weapons as their flying brethren. Along with their exoskeletons, their thruster-packs have been modified for aquatic use and they use technology similar to that used in Samus's Gravity Suit. As with Aerotroopers, the thruster-packs of Aqua Pirates are easily tracked with the Thermal Visor. These defects are partly apparent to the Space Pirates, who work to correct these problems. Interestingly enough, the missiles used by Aqua Pirates are far slower than those used by Aerotroopers, and are even more easily dodged, most likely caused by their impeded movement in water.

Beam Troopers
Beam Troopers wield reverse-engineered versions of Samus's Chozo beam weapons. These copies are flawed, however. They are less powerful than the originals, and a flaw in their shielding leaves their users vulnerable to the same type of weapon (i.e. the Power Beam is effective against Power Troopers). Ice Troopers have the greatest weakness to the corresponding beam; they can be frozen with the Ice Beam and then shattered with a missile, though the Ice Beam must be charged to freeze the trooper. Power Troopers utilize the Power Beam, Ice Troopers use the Ice Beam, Wave Troopers carry the Wave Beam, and Plasma Troopers wield the Plasma Beam. The shots from all of these weapons look almost, if not exactly, the same as Samus's ordinary Power Beam shots, and all of them behave the same way. These troopers will often swarm intruders in large numbers and were quite common in the Phazon mines of Tallon IV.

In some versions of Metroid Prime, the beams have different effects on the harder difficulty setting; Power Beams knock Samus backwards, Wave scrambles the visor, Ice has a small freeze chance, and Plasma has a small chance to ignite Samus.

Shadow Pirates
Only a select group of Space Pirates have access to cloaking technology; these are the Shadow Pirates. This cloaking technology drains large amounts of power, forcing them to rely solely on melee weapons (energy scythes) in battle. Thermal tracking is still effective for locating Shadow Pirates. Ironically, it isn't very difficult to track a Shadow Pirate with the naked eye alone; the cloaking device releases periodic sparks of energy that serve as a (potentially life-threatening) giveaway to the Pirate's location. Shadow Pirates and Beam Troopers both have a tendency to cling to walls and attack.

Metroid Prime 3: Corruption Space Pirates
Metroid Prime 3: Corruption features several new classes of Space Pirate enemies. With the exception of Pirate Militia, slaves and criminals used as battle fodder, most Pirate Troopers carry assault rifles, energy scythes, EMP grenades, and Dash Jet systems for increased mobility. Aerotroopers return, with twin Remote Attack Pods that can fire particle cannons or helix missiles. Some Militia members or Troopers also appear as Shield Pirate Militia or Shield Pirate Troopers. These enemies carry shields that block most attacks, and must be ripped off with Samus' Grapple Lasso. With the exception of the Militia, all Pirates have P.E.D. functionality, allowing them to boost their own abilities with Phazon.

In addition, Pirate Troopers, Shield Troopers, and Aerotroopers may sometimes outfit themselves in special types of armorsuits: Armored variants block beam attacks but are weak to missiles, while Assault variants can withstand missiles but are weak to charged beam shots. Advanced variants cannot be damaged at all until their armor is blown off with missiles.

Higher level Pirate troops also exist. Pirate Hussars are normal Troopers that ride Korakk Beasts into battle; they come equipped with energy lances that are dangerous from any distance. Commando Pirates are similar to their Metroid Prime 2 incarnations, except they also carry cloaking devices much like Shadow Pirates. Their strong armor protects them from anything short of a Plasma Beam shot.

Berserker Knights and Berserker Lords are Pirates heavily mutated through use of Phazon. The weak point on the back of their heads is shielded with Phazon armor that can only be damaged by rebounding their projectile attacks back at them. Berserker Lords have additional spots on their shoulders that are vulnerable to fire, and both shoulders spots must be destroyed before they even begin shooting projectiles. Knights must survive the highest level of Phazon corruption before they are promoted to Lords.

Pirate Commanders are high-danger enemies that have every weapon Commando Pirates do, but wear Red Phazite armor that can only be pierced with high frequency weaponry. They carry personal teleporters that allow them to warp around the battlefield, and normally enter battle with multiple Commandos beside them and under their orders. Pirate Commanders must serve as Commando Pirates for ten years before receiving a promotion, and Commanders often live to rise to the ruling caste of the Space Pirate homeworld.

Other Types of Pirates
Two very strong pirates are found just prior to fighting Ridley in Super Metroid, they are encountered in lower Norfair, in a corridor, with monitor-like devices hanging from the ceiling. These two Pirates jump around at high speed throwing boomerang-like projectiles at Samus, while performing various punch and kick attacks, and are nearly impervious to Samus' arsenal: they can only be shot when resting, and only from behind. However, they could also be damaged by striking them as they did a flying jump attack.

In Metroid: Zero Mission, the Space Pirate mother ship had black Pirates scattered about. On every difficulty, the two black pirates in the hangar area had to be fought and defeated before Samus could escape.

X-Pirates
These are normal Zebesian Space Pirates that have been infected and copied by the X-Parasites. They are green skinned with purple armor. They usually cling to walls in shafts and attempt to shoot Samus as she climbs up the shaft. They are also encountered in water and upon absorbing an X Parasite from a fish-like creature, will transform into a mermaid-like version that is extremely fast, but can only live in water. The X-Pirates can absorb multiple X-Parasites and become "Gold Pirates". Entirely gold in color, these "Gold Pirates" are almost the same as regular X-Pirates, but they are much stronger and are only vulnerable from behind.

Weavel
Weavel is a character from the Nintendo DS game Metroid Prime Hunters.

Weavel is a former Space Pirate commander who was severely wounded by Samus Aran on Brinstar (according to the official Hunters strategy guide), leaving only his brain and central nervous system intact. Afterwards, he was fitted with a new robotic body, allowing him to separate his torso from his legs, which then become a stationary turret. It is unknown if he seeks the treasure of the Alimbic Cluster for the Space Pirates, or for himself, but he will remain with the Space Pirates as long as it's convenient. He enjoys missions that no other Space Pirate could accomplish because of his robotic physique. It should be noted that Weavel must have had some special value for the Space Pirates as he was saved and given a new body, when usually Space Pirates have little regard for the safety and/or death of their own kind (or any other beings for that matter).

Weavel uses the Battlehammer, which is an energized mortar gun that is capable of rapid fire shots. When Weavel wields it, it does more damage and has a far greater splash radius. According to the Nintendo Power guide, it has crude mechanics but is effective when properly used. The Battlehammer can also propel Weavel upwards or back if aimed correctly against the wall or even the ground. Although taking damage from the splash damage, it can be used for shortcuts or high places that no other hunter can easily access. This term is referred to as "Battle Hopping" because of using the Battlehammer to propel Weavel in the air. It is also sometimes called a "Quad Jump" which consists of two Battlehammer shots on the ground, followed by a mid-air normal jump by tapping the Touch Screen, and then going into Alt-Form. Four jumps are commonly used in this.

Weavel's alt form is the Halfturret, in which Weavel's body is split into two separate parts at the waist, splitting his remaining health equally between the two parts. His lower body become an autonomous, stationary turret that shoots non-affinity powered Battlehammer shots, while the player retains control of his upper body, which wields a Plasma Scythe. When Weavel returns to his biped form, the health of the two parts combines to form the amount of health he has after switching. In the event that he only has one point of health when transforming into the Halfturret, both parts will have one health point each. Damage taken by the upper half will not affect the turret unless the upper half is destroyed, in which case the turret explodes too. If the turret is attacked, it damages both parts. If the turret is destroyed, Weavel will be left with only one health point.

Strangely enough, Weavel activated his plasma scythe in the opening video, but in Hunters, he does not use it unless he's in his alt form. The scythe was potentially a good melee attack, but Weavel doesn't use it in favor of the slightly weaker Battlehammer. This is probably because none of the other characters utilize melee weapons except in alt-form. This makes an imbalance among the seven hunters, making a "High-Tier" hunter such as Sylux, a more favorable hunter due to the lack of speed in the Half-Turret.


text:
User:SA RandomPerson

hi

I created this page for a chemistry project my class is working on

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:SA RandomPerson


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Fire Phone

Development
The Fire Phone was developed at Amazon's Lab126.

The phone was said to have been designed to compete with premium phones, such as the Apple iPhone.

Launch
The Fire Phone launched in 2014.

At launch the phone cost $199 US Dollars.

Around the launch of the device Time magazine noted that, while by no means a dedicated gaming device, the Fire Phone's 3D display nonetheless had unexplored gaming applications which were not being explored by the gaming demonstration used by the company. The publication Gamezebo held a similar sentiment, questioning if the capability would be used beyond as a gimmick.

Legacy
By September 8, 2015 the Fire Phone was no longer available to purchase directly from Amazon. After the device was discontinued, some former exclusive game titles for the Fire Phone were allowed to be ported to iOS.

Because the Fire Phone failed to catch on in the market, and because over 170 million US dollars of inventory were written off shortly after luanch, the Fire Phone is commonly considered to be a commercial failure.

Hardware
A camera system was used to simulate a 3D effect on the phone screen.

Software
The smartphone ran Fire OS version 3.5, a derivative of Android.

Tofu Fury
A platformer that used the head tracking technology of the smartphone to allow for perspective shifts. The third of a series of games released for Android and iOS smartphones.


text: User:SevenSpheresCelestia

title: User:SevenSpheresCelestia


text:
User:Jjzola

Chemistry student

title: User:Jjzola


text: Category talk:Cake recipes

title: Category talk:Cake recipes


text:
Category talk:Problems and excesses in hobo tourism

The category was created by mistake. Delete. Виктор Пинчук (discuss • contribs) 16:08, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

authors: Виктор Пинчук


text:
User talk:Yeastvan

Welcome to Wikibooks!
Thanks for your fantastic edit to Caro–Kann Defence! You already seem to know Wikitext well. Dexxor (discuss • contribs) 19:17, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yeastvan


text:
Minecraft/How To Brew

 * This guide assumes that you have made a Nether portal.

To start brewing, you first need a brewing stand.

Making the stuff

 * 1) Enter the Nether, assuming you haven't already. You might first want to see the preparations guide.
 * 2) Find a Nether fortress. It should be a large building in a shade of dark red. But remember to leave a trail of torches to help you get back to your portal.
 * 3) *Don't attack the piglins, unless you didn't take gold armour and they are attacking you.
 * 4) Once found, try to enter it. Chances are, it is isolated from land and surrounded by an ocean of lava. You may need to build a bridge to get to it. Just be mindful of ghasts. You know one spotted you if you hear a high-pitched, angry-sounding squeal.
 * 5) Explore until you find a staircase with a red plant growing at the bottom. This is Nether wart, an ingredient necessary in making most potions. Consider collecting the soul sand it is growing on as well.
 * 6) Now that was the easy part. The hard part is killing blazes (orange floating fire monsters found in Nether fortresses), and collecting their rods.
 * 7) Try to get around 5. If you find a spawner, use it to farm them. Later on, you can create a room around the spawner to kill the blazes from behind a wall. But for now, get out the moment you start feeling overwhelmed.
 * 8) Exit the Nether. Now the hard part is over. The rest is just crafting, mostly.
 * 9) Collect 3 glass blocks. You can get glass by smelting sand.
 * 10) Craft the glass into bottles.
 * 11) Craft a brewing stand.

Making a potion

 * 1) Fill glass bottles with water. This can be done by holding one and interacting with water.
 * 2) Place your brewing stand.
 * 3) Craft blaze powder with your remaining blaze rods. Place them in the top left slot in the brewing stand. This is your fuel.
 * 4) Place water bottles on the bottom three slots of the brewing stand.
 * 5) Place one Nether wart in the top slot.
 * 6) As you wait, find somewhere to place soul sand, and plant your Nether wart on it. They will grow and can be harvested after a while.
 * 7) After the brewing stand is finished, place sugar, magma cream or blaze powder at the top slot again. This will create a potion of speed, fire resistance, or strength, respectively.
 * 8) To see what else you can make, see the brewing reference.

title: Minecraft/How To Brew


text:
Minecraft/How To Build a Nether Portal

Why build a Nether portal
The Nether is a dangerous place filed with fire and lava, so why would you go there? For a start, it would allow you to brew potions, and it is the only place to get netherite.

You can also find blazes, which drop blaze rods, an item needed to get to ../The End/.

Collecting the resources
You need a flint and steel and at least 10 obsidian. You can also create the portal frame by turning lave into obsidian by letting water flow next to a lava source block.

Choosing a location
You may want to build the portal in an enclosed space some place between y=55 and y=40 to get the bast results. Any higher will make it harder to get soul sand and magma blocks, but any lower will mean you spawn surrounded by lava on all sides.

Building the portal
To build the portal, you need to make a rectangle of obsidian that is standing upright. The inside area must be 3 blocks high and 2 blocks wide, and have nothing in it. The corners can be ignored.

Next, use the flint-and-steel on the inside of the portal. If done correctly, the air inside will turn into a purple plane. Stand inside it for a few seconds, and the scren will warp, then you will appear in the Nether.

Be very careful when leaving the portal for the first time. The portal may have spawned over (or next to) lava or fire, or you could walk accidentally off a cliff.

Consider housing the portal in a smal room to avoid risks like this. You can add lots of things here, but keep beds away as they will explode in the Nether.

Preparations before you enter
Before you enter your newly-created Nether portal, make sure you have the following:
 * 1) Four stacks ofcobblestone to make bridges.
 * 2) Ender pearls to teleport over gaps.
 * 3) Gold armour - equip a full set to stop the piglins fighting you. Trust me, those piglins are everywhere.
 * 4) Golden apples.
 * 5) A hopper to empty chests without angering the piglins.
 * 6) A bow and a stack of arrows.
 * 7) A diamond sword and pickaxe.
 * 8) Flint and steel, in case the portal is destroyed.
 * 9) Enchanted gear! While not essential, it will make life much esier. Put unbreaking on gold armour, as well as fire protection and feather falling.

title: Minecraft/How To Build a Nether Portal


text:
User:LodestarChariot2/Collections/Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community

 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community
 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community/Introduction
 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community/Public & Community Engagement
 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community/Open Social Scholarship
 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community/Scholarly Communication
 * Open Scholarship Press Collections: Community/Complete Alphabetical List of References


text:
User:Mou242

hi

title: User:Mou242


text:
Mathematics for Economics/Hyperbolas

Hyperbolas in Economics

Introduction
The approach to mathematical economics in this chapter is geometric. Direct and inverse proportion correspond to constants that determine rays and hyperbola branches in the first quadrant. Entry into this environment of mathematics is illustrated with economic topics of wages, partitioning, stocks and market dynamics, mentioned superficially. Then students are expected to come to grips with hyperbolic geometry.

Johann von Thunen brought hyperbolas into economics in 1875 when he used geometric mean of two values to determine a third. The extreme minimum wage, allowing the worker a bare survival, was much less than the value produced when equipped with the employer’s tools, evidence of capitalization. Von Thunen solved the problem of deciding on the wage paid, by multiplying the two values, then extracting the square root. This algebraic procedure has been called taking the geometric mean of the two original values, and von Thunen called it the natural wage. When a natural wage is set, the plot of two original values giving that result is a hyperbola.

The equi-partition function p = S/n for n receivers, where S is the total supply $$S = \sum_1^n p .$$ When supply S is rationed equally, then the equi-partition function provides the rationed quantity p. With n a natural number, as in social partitioning, the points (1, S), (2, S/2), ... (k, S/k) lie in the Cartesian plane. The points are connected with the smooth curve y = p(n) = S/n when n takes real values between the integers.

A company has x thousand shares held publicly, and today the shares are selling at k$. In terms of market capitalization, the product $ x k 000 represents the company value in the market for shares. As k varies from day to day, so company value is in flux. Sometimes management finds k intolerably low and company funds are used to repurchase some shares, thus reducing x. The coordinates (x, k) where market capitalization is constant form a hyperbola.

Supply and demand are spoken of as inversely related. Price of an item is a commercial factor, with price and demand related as follows: high price suppresses demand and cheap price augments demand. Supply is known by the vendor, and vendor sets the price, which in case of scarcity can be very high.

The points (x, y) such that x>0 and y>0 is called the first quadrant Q of the Cartesian plane. The hyperbola branch in Q can be seen at pages 31, 49, 144, and 173 of W. Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy, 5th edition, 1957, a book originally published in 1871.

Economic behavior observed in Q can be informed of differential geometry associated with it: that Q is a two-dimensional manifold with (0,0) as the only boundary point. In fact, Q can be read as a copy of Lobachevski's hyperbolic plane when the radial and hyperbolic angle coordinates are introduced.

The radial coordinate determining a hyperbola is wage level in the first example, the supply S in the second example, and company value in the third. In retail, total sales receipts forms the radial coordinate. The hyperbolic angle is an area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector to the unit radius. Whereas the conventional circular angle is less than 360 degrees or 2 π radians, the hyperbolic angle is unbounded. Thus, a zero point is required to anchor its measurement. According to tradition, the point (1,1) on the hyperbola xy= 1 is the zero point. The hyperbolic angle then determined by (x, 1/x) is log x, the natural logarithm with base e = 2.718...

For hyperbolic metric geometry, the hyperbolic angle determines a horizontal axis, with vertical given by the square root of the radial coordinate in Q. These new coordinates in the upper half-plane H are given a metric, a positive distance function satisfying the triangle inequality. Tracking distances via H for movement in Q, over days, weeks, months or years, provides consistent measurement for long and short term perspective.

One of the measures of maturity in an individual or community is willingness to delay rewards until work is done. The psychological subject is delayed gratification. The study in economics is called discounting, a factor of consumer behavior where payoff in the future is tested against a lesser payoff earlier. An encouraging result of economic studies shows people prefer hyperbolic discounting over exponential discounting, which is encouraging since reasonable people use this pattern of deferred gratification, a sign of the proverbial economic man, something sometimes doubted in other contexts.

Revised percentages
The time value of money is poignantly shown by inflation of prices for the necessities of life. As business costs rise, prices of goods and services reflect the monetary tide. More objectively, economists may express the change as a de facto currency devaluation. Wing units of hyperbolic angle follow the units of natural logarithm, so that the angle between (1,1) and (e,1/e) is one unit. One percent change occurs between 1 and 1.01, and loge (1.01) = .0099503 wings or 9.9503 milliwings. The first ten percentage points have these angular values: Increments from one percentile to the next decrease; the first percent has the largest angle. In contrast, for mechanical velocities measured in nanowings, each marginal increase is virtually the same as the previous step. (Compare Kinematics/Transformations) Naturally, the milliwings used here for economics are a million times the magnitude of the nanowings of mechanics.
 * 1%: 9.9503 milliwings   6%: 58.269 milliwings
 * 2%: 19.8026      "     7%: 67.659     "
 * 3%: 29.558     "      8%: 76.691      "
 * 4%: 39.2207    "     9%: 86.178       "
 * 5%: 48.790      "     10%: 95.310       "

The laws of economy apply on macro and micro scales as far a population goes. Thus the quadrant has an infinite density near the origin, and the level curves xy = constant express a reference but are not paths of least distance in Q, as developed below. The hyperbolic angle parametrization of Q complements the level curves and provides a portal to the higher geometry of Q: the rays from (0,0) represent constant slopes as well as constant hyperbolic angles. The half plane (u,v) with positive v, takes the geometric mean, square root of xy, to determine v. The hyperbolic angle of a point in Q corresponds to u in the half plane: u = log √(x/y).

The half plane is a standard model of hyperbolic geometry, often taken together with the disk model and complex numbers, where a linear fractional transformation makes the connection. The geodesics, or shortest-distance curves in the half plane are semicircles with center on the u-axis, or half lines { (x0, y) : y > 0 }, x0 fixed. A point (u,v) in the half plane corresponds to a point in Q given by x = v exp(u) and y = v exp(−u). When the geodesics of the half plane are plotted in Q, an economic scenario of growth and decline is suggested. For instance, the production of a particular product increases as it finds a market, rises to its summit of favorability, then falls off as superseded by its market. Similarly, a corporation starts small, grows with success, as can be traced with historic points in Q. But note that the rays in Q converging at the origin correspond to vertical lines in the half plane that each have a different foot on the u-axis. This feature of the half plane's expression of phenomena in Q allows compatibility of macro and micro market analysis.

Metric geometry
In a tradition begun by Arthur Cayley, the boundary of the half-plane is called the absolute: $$\{(u,\ v): v > 0, \ \ u \in \Reals \} .$$ Semicircles used for geodesics have center on the absolute.

To take meaningful measurements in Q, reference to the half-plane brings a metric that is respected by motions. These are hyperbolic motions corresponding to whichever model of the hyperbolic plane is at hand, in this case the half-plane (and by bijective correspondence, a metric in Q).

The first motion is magnification or contraction about (0,0): (u,v) to (su, sv), where s>0. The second motion is translation along the absolute: (u, v) to (u + t, v). These motions make any semicircle with center on the absolute equivalent to the unit semicircle u u + v v = 1. Indeed, the center can be moved to (0,0) by translation, and the radius normalized by magnification or contraction.

A vertical interval from (u, a) to (u, b), where b > a, is taken to the interval from (su, sa) to (su, sb). The distance formula, or metric, for this interval is log b – log a = log (b/a), which is invariant under the motion. The second type of motion moves the half-plane to the left or right: (u, v) to (u + t, v). Looking a Q, such a motion corresponds to a hyperbolic rotation, a type of linear transformation that preserves difference of hyperbolic angles in Q.

The third hyperbolic motion is an involution and involves inversion in the unit semicircle in the half-plane. Under this inversion the ray (1, tan θ), 0 < θ < π/2, which is tangent to the unit circle, is taken to the semicircle of radius ½ with center at (½, 0). Since $$1 + \tan^2 \theta = \sec^2 \theta ,$$ the hypotenuse of the right triangle on [0,1] to (1, tan θ) has length sec θ, so the reciprocal is cos θ, leading to the said semicircle. Now any interval on this semicircle corresponds to an interval on the vertical ray, hence a distance is defined on this semicircle. Invoke the second motion to bring the center to (0, 0), and the first motion to double the radius, resulting in the unit semicircle. Thus, any interval on the unit semicircle has a distance by correspondence with the one centered at (½, 0), radius ½. Apparently any semicircle with center on the absolute has a distance formula to apply to intervals.

This hyperbolic geometry features in differential geometry as a surface of negative curvature. It is a saddle surface as every point has an expansive feature not found in Euclidean geometry. The treatment given here with Cartesian geometry and standard trigonometry provides accessibility not requiring complex numbers.

title: Mathematics for Economics/Hyperbolas


text:
User:Billygoat2025

Chem student in 10th grade. Working on a project in which we will have to determine what is in the water of a random place. Very excited for the project. First lab was very fun and can't wait to see how the rest of the year plays out.

title: User:Billygoat2025


text:
User:RJK1229

Hi, I'm from Korea, I go to school in U.S. and I'm a sophomore. I am very excited about our chemistry class tomorrow.

title: User:RJK1229


text:
User talk:41.116.110.109

--Xania   talk 01:23, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.116.110.109


text:
User:Suffstudent25

chem student

title: User:Suffstudent25


text:
Minecraft/Brewing Stand

Allows making potions.

Use
Alows you to create potions.

Obtaining
Can be found in village temples, igloo basements and End ships.

title: Minecraft/Brewing Stand


text:
User:102.22.220.116

I'm creating a new page on Wikipedia.

title: User:102.22.220.116


text: 21 Expected Difficult Questions With Simple Answers/Development


text:
21 Expected Difficult Questions With Simple Answers/Gender and Feminism

What is feminism?
--> Feminism is a belief system/way of life/ideology that enables one to think, interrogate and act upon social differences, and discrimination. And try and make the world around a better place by bringing equality and justice. It was started with the aim of ending gender discrimination.

Are feminists all women? Can men be feminists?
-> Yes, anyone can be a feminist as it doesn't matter at all. What makes you feminist is whether you question and work towards decreasing the gender hierarchies.

What is political lesbianism?
--> Its a stream of feminism started by radical feminists. Which believes

What is gender?
--> Gender is a socio-cultural set of roles one identifies with in order to function, behave, communicate and carry on many other social activities. ex feminine, masculine, trans, pan, agender. etc.


text:
User:Jont76/common.js

mw.loader.load('https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Uziel302/typo.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

title: User:Jont76/common.js


text:
User:Alyssathedork

Hello

title: User:Alyssathedork


text:
User:Alyssathedork/sandbox

♦myehehehe♦

title: User:Alyssathedork/sandbox


text:
User talk:168.8.211.120

--Xania   talk 03:19, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:168.8.211.120


text:
User talk:Alyssathedork

Just a greeting
Hi! Welcome to Wikibooks :3 TimetravellingBlockhead (discuss • contribs) 08:19, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi TTBH! Thank you :3 Alyssathedork (discuss • contribs) 11:32, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alyssathedork


text:
User talk:27.71.109.57

--Xania   talk 10:11, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:27.71.109.57


text:
Cookbook talk:Italian Marinated Chicken

I am wondering if the amount of chicken in this recipe is wrong …it says serves two but calls for 6 chicken breast 2601:406:8400:C440:85A9:3589:79D0:669F (discuss) 11:57, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Italian Marinated Chicken


text:
User:OTSA25

My name is OT and I'm a chargers fan that's it.

title: User:OTSA25


text:
User:Antheathcote1

Hi.

title: User:Antheathcote1


text:
User:Josiedavis913

im not really sure what im doing

title: User:Josiedavis913


text:
User:Chloeduffy11

Hi! This is a chemistry class project from a students perspective!

title: User:Chloeduffy11


text:
Cookbook:Oat Milk

Oat milk is a non-dairy milk substitute made primarily from oats and water. Commercially-available oat milk often includes stabilizers and thickeners to mimic cow milk.

Characteristics
Oat milk is mild, with a characteristic oat flavor. It is thinner than cow milk and many other non-dairy milks, and stabilizers must be added to give it more body.

Commercial
Oat milk is made by grinding oats with water and/or reconstituting oat powder in water. Many commercial products will go through an enzyme treatment to help break down starches that give the final product a slimy texture. The oat milk is then supplemented with oils, thickeners, and stabilizers to give it a creamy texture and properties like those of cow milk. The oat milk may also be sweetened.

Homemade
Homemade oat milk is made by grinding oat groats or rolled oats with cold water and straining out the remaining oat solids. Vegetable oil may be blended in to help add creaminess. Soaking the oats for too long or squeezing the oat pulp too much may result in a slimy consistency from the oat starches.

Uses
Oat milk can be used in many, but not all, of the same applications as dairy milk. Due to its thickeners and stabilizers, commercial oat milk foams well for use in hot beverages, but homemade oat milk does not usually foam as well.

title: Cookbook:Oat Milk


text:
User:Parvej Husen Talukder

Parvej Husen Talukder is a Bengali Poet and Children's writer from Bangladesh.

title: User:Parvej Husen Talukder


text:
User talk:RohanKarna101

The Nefarious Games books by sigma publications...
This is the book written by Rohan Karna. This book haven't been completed yet but soon will be RohanKarna101 (discuss • contribs) 04:48, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:RohanKarna101


title: User:RohanKarna101


text:
Minecraft/Water Bottle

A regular, drinkable bottle of water.

Obtaining
Use an empty bottle on water or a cauldron filled with water.

title: Minecraft/Water Bottle


text:
Minecraft/Nether Wart

The most important ingredient in potion brewing.

Obtaining
Can be found in Nether fortresses, at the bottom of some stairs, growing on soul sand.

Farming
You can farm them by planting them on soul sand. They are fully grown when they are two thirds of a block.

title: Minecraft/Nether Wart


text: Template:Replace

title: Template:Replace


text:
Sesan Jon!

Sesan, Jon! (Hello, Jonathan!) is the story of a young Englishman who goes to visit his friend in another European country...or so it would seem.

It is written entirely in the language Monkel, a language created by Vicente Costalago that he published in 2022. It is a translation of the book Salute, Jonathan!, which was originally written in Interlingue by Mithridates and published on Wikibooks in 2019.

Sesan, Jon! begins with very simple language. The first words in the book are U hom sa fi u vil (a man stands in a city), and it continues from there. The words the reader knows are repeated and new words are added slowly and in context, so that no dictionary is required to read it. Mundeze was created to be an international language, with a very simple and straightforward grammar. Thanks to its simplicity and regularity, you will know how to read and use it by the end of Sesan Jon!

The method in the book is based on the same used in books such as English by the Nature Method, Le français par la méthode nature, and L'italiano secondo il metodo natura, as well as Hans Ørberg's Lingua Latina per se Illustrata.

Curious about the true nature of the story in the book? You will begin to get clues as to the true story around Chapter 4 as the language becomes more and more complex and an actual story begins to form. Sesan, Jon! is in fact a full translation of a classic book that you are likely very familiar with. Read on to find out!

Chapters
Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4

title: Sesan Jon!


text:
Sesan Jon!/Kaptul 1

Un fu meskin (1 fu meskin)
U hom sa fi u vil. O hom skra u dibuk. O hom vida u vil.

Sa o hom fi u vil? Jes, le sa fi u vil. Sa o hom fi... u hom? No, le no sa fi u hom. Le sa fi u vil. Sa o hom fi u tren? No, le no sa fi u tren. Le sa fi u vil. O hom sa fi u vil. Ka o hom skra u dibuk? Jes, le skra u dibuk.

Ka o dibuk skra u hom? No, o dibuk no skra u hom. U dibuk no skra. U hom skra. O hom skra o dibuk.

Ka o vil vida o hom? no, o vil no vida o hom. U vil no vida. U hom vida. Ka o hom vida o vil? Jes, o hom vida o vil.

Kil sa o hom? le sa fi u vil. Ku o hom skra? le skra u dibuk. Ku vida o hom ? Le vida u vil. Le sa fi u vil, xa le skra u dibuk, xa le vida u vil.

Ka o hom sa ce u dibuk? No, le skra ce u dibuk. Ka o hom vida u hom? No, le no vida u hom; le vida u vil.

O hom sa nolit. O hom sa bon, xa o hom sa cilener. Le prexa. Le prexa hi o vil. Le prexa: "Ku sa o vil? Ka o vil sa bon? Ka o vil sa nolit?"

Ka o hom skra u vil? No, le no skra u vil; u vil sa nolit. Le skra u dibuk; u dibuk no sa nolit.

Ka o dibuk prexa hi o hom? No, u dibuk no prexa. U hom prexa. Le prexa hi o dibuk, xa le prexa hi o vil.

Xa le skra fi o dibuk. Le skra hi o vil. Le skra: "O vil sa bon, xa o vil sa nolit".

Le prexa: "O vil sa bon"; le prexa ke o vil sa bon. Le prexa: "Di vil sa nolit"; o prexa ke o vil sa nolit. Le prexa hi o vil, xa le prexa hi o dibuk.

Ku sa o dibuk? O dibuk sa kil o hom skra; le skra fi o dibuk. Fi o dibuk, o hom skra hi o vil. Fi o dibuk o hom no skra hi o tren; o hom sa fi o vil, no fi o tren. Le no prexa hi o tren; le prexa hi o vil, o vil

Ku sa o dibuk? O dibuk sa kil o hom skra; le skra fi o dibuk. Fi o dibuk, o hom skra hi o vil. Fi o dibuk o hom no skra hi o tren; o hom sa fi o vil, no fi o tren. Le no prexa hi o tren; le prexa hi o vil, o vil nomet Munhen.

Ku sa o vil? Lu sa Munhen. Kil sa Munhen? Lu sa kil o hom sa. Kil sa o hom? Le sa fi Munhen.

Jes, Munhen sa u nolit vil, xa u bon vil. O hom prexa ke Munhen sa u bon vil, xa le prexa ke lu sa u nolit vil. O hom sa cilwer. Le dira: "Sesan, Munhen!" Le sa u bon hom!

O hom prexa: "Kil sa o tren?" Le vida. Le vida o tren! Le prexa: "O tren!" Ditemp, le no prexa hi o dibuk xa le no prexa hi o vil; le prexa hi o tren!

|1

title: Sesan Jon!/Kaptul 1


text: Category:Book:Sesan Jon!

title: Category:Book:Sesan Jon!


text: Radiation Oncology/Residency

title: Radiation Oncology/Residency


text:
Radiation Oncology/Residency/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Program

History
The Harvard Radiation Oncology Program resulted from the fusion of the two established residency programs at Harvard Medical School, the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy in the Longwood Area. Each had a long history of tradition and achievement and the fusion brought together these strengths.

The educational philosophy of the Harvard Radiation Oncology Program can be broken down into four principles:

 * To provide comprehensive clinical education using the large patient population and specialist faculty available at our affiliated hospitals.
 * To provide training in cancer and radiation biology and medical physics that goes beyond the requirements of the board exam.
 * To develop clinical, translational and/or basic science research skills through mentored and protected research time.
 * To develop future leaders in academic medicine through this clinical training, research opportunities and graded responsibility within the program.

The resources of Harvard Medical School and our affiliated hospitals together with the talents of our faculty are, we believe, an unparalleled resource. They provide residents with an opportunity to build a strong foundation in both academic and clinical radiation therapy.

The training program consists of four years, which include three clinical years organized into 10-week rotation blocks at our member hospitals. These include the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH),  and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), as well as satellite locations for these hospitals. Additionally, residents spend their PGY4 year as a dedicated research year.

A mainstay of our training program is the morning conference where residents discuss the clinical management of patients and the application of the medical literature to medical decision making. We also offer periodic seminars in biology, clinical physics, and treatment planning. Each year, residents will prepare and prepare a one-hour seminar on a topic of their choice with tutorial assistance from faculty members. Annual didactic courses covering clinical topics, radiation physics, and radiation and cancer biology are an integral part of our program.

In every aspect of our residency, the faculties are guided by the belief that we must simultaneously provide both outstanding training experiences and superior patient care. Our goal is to educate the next generation of world-class clinicians, physician-scientists and leaders. We are proud of the training program we offer and our long tradition of graduating radiation oncologists that have served as leaders for our profession. I hope you will consider our program for your education.

Vision:  The Harvard Radiation Oncology Program is a caring, collaborative community of faculty, residents, and staff – situated in two outstanding, partnered radiation oncology departments within Massachusetts General Cancer Center and Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s/Boston Children’s Cancer Center. Our community’s core values are compassion, integrity, inclusivity, teamwork, and clinical excellence. We bring our diversity of backgrounds, perspectives, and interests to educate, nurture, and equip the next generation of radiation oncologists to serve individuals, their loved ones, and communities affected by cancer.

Aims: HROP’s primary aims are to educate residents to: (1) First, provide outstanding, compassionate clinical care to patients with cancer and their families; (2) Next, advance cancer care through research inquiry, education, and scholarship; provide thoughtful and innovative leadership in medicine; and optimize health care delivery and access to ensure the best cancer care for all.

Leadership

 * Department Chair, BWH: Daphne Haas-Kogan, MD
 * Department Chair, MGH: Anthony Zeitman, MD
 * Program Director: Tracy Balboni, MD MPH
 * Associate/Assistant Program Director: Paul Nguyen, MD
 * Associate/Assistant Program Director: Jennifer Wo, MD

Primary Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital

Secondary Hospital
Boston Children's Hospital

Curriculum
Rotations are 10 weeks in length rotating through breast, genitourinary, thoracic/lung, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, gynecological, head and neck, pediatric, sarcoma/cutaneous/base of skull, lymphoma, and physics.

Research Year
Research Year is a full 12 months protected during PGY4 year

Call Schedule
Call is typically taken in 1-week blocks of come-call divided by institution, with PGY-2 residents taking the most call and decreasing call responsibilities among more senior residents.

PGY2: 10 weeks

PGY3: 7 weeks

PGY4: 7 weeks

PGY5: 5 weeks

Vacation
Up to 5 weeks vacation

Contact Information
Residency Coordinator: Barry Mendelsohn

Email:

Phone:

Fax:


text: User talk:101.100.129.85

title: User talk:101.100.129.85


text:
Radiation Oncology/Residency/Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Program

History
With 24 residents and 57 faculty members at our Manhattan campus, we are one of the largest radiation oncology training programs in the country. Our residents come from diverse educational and personal backgrounds, bringing their unique strengths to our residency.

Throughout their four years of training, our residents work one-on-one with leaders in clinical radiation oncology, medical physics, translational research, and basic science. Residents become highly trained in modern radiotherapy techniques, including proton therapy, radiosurgery, image-guided radiotherapy, brachytherapy, and procedures such as intraoperative radiation therapy, total body irradiation, and total skin electron beam therapy.

As part of training in a comprehensive cancer center, residents also routinely learn from experts in surgical oncology, medical oncology, and translational medicine. A dedicated year of protected research time provides residents an opportunity to participate in scholarly clinical and/or laboratory research.

Our graduates leave this program well prepared to become leaders in radiation oncology.

Mission
We train future leaders in radiation oncology by providing a collaborative, multidisciplinary clinical and academic experience at one of the world’s premier cancer centers.

We seek to equip our graduates with the skills needed to diagnose and treat both common and rare oncological conditions; to become innovators in clinical, translational, and laboratory-based research; and to provide superior care to future patients.

Leadership

 * Department Chair: Simon Powell, MD
 * Program Director: Lior Braunstein, MD
 * Associate Program Director: Daniel Gorovets, MD
 * Associate Program Director, Medical Student Clerkship Director: Carla Hajj, MD

Primary Hospital
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Secondary Hospital
New York Proton Center

Curriculum
During the first, second, and fourth clinical years, residents are assigned to a series of approximately ten- to 11-week rotations during which they work one-on-one with an attending physician. The rotation schedule is planned by the residency program director and chief residents.

The department is organized based on organ site, and each rotation will concentrate on either an organ/disease site or a specific attending’s clinical area of interest. Although the majority of patients seen will be in the area of clinical interest, all attendings see general consultations for inpatients and palliative treatment. Accordingly, residents will also be trained to manage inpatient and radiation oncology emergencies, as well as principles of palliative care.

Residents routinely see patients in the outpatient clinic where patients come for initial consultation and return for follow-up care. Under the attending physician’s supervision, residents perform simulations of new treatments and assist with treatment planning and status checks for the patients assigned to them. Residents regularly participate in reviewing treatment plans and may participate in weekly chart rounds as well.

ACGME Subsites

 * Breast: Simon Powell, Beryl McCormick, Lior Braunstein, Erin Gillespie, Paul Romesser, Samuel Bakhoum, and Amy Xu
 * Central Nervous System: Kathryn Beal, Yoshiya (Josh) Yamada, Adam Schmitt, Daniel Higginson
 * Gastrointestinal: Christopher Crane, Abraham Wu, John Cuaron, and Paul Romesser
 * Genitourinary: Michael Zelefsky, Marisa Kollmeier, Sean McBride, Daniel Gorovets, and Jeremy Setton
 * Gynecologic: Kaled Alektiar and Marisa Kollmeier
 * Head and Neck: Nancy Lee, Nadeem Riaz, and Sean McBride
 * Lung: Andreas Rimner, Abraham Wu, and Daniel Gomez
 * Lymphoma/Leukemia: Joachim Yahalom, Suzanne Wolden, and Brandon Imber
 * Pediatrics: Suzanne Wolden
 * Skin: Christopher Barker
 * Soft Tissue and Bone: Kaled Alektiar and Yoshiya (Josh) Yamada

Research Year
Research Year is 10 months protected during PGY4 year.

Resident research activity can begin early at Cleveland Clinic. Although there is a dedicated up to 10 months of research time in the PGY-4 year, many junior residents have oral or poster presentations at national meetings such as ASTRO, ASCO, RSNA, AUA, and SNO.

Cleveland Clinic allows residents to attend a meeting of their choice starting in the PGY-2 year. All residents in their PGY-3, 4, and 5 year typically attend ASTRO.

Additional funding is available within the department for residents who present research at other national meetings.

Renowned cancer researcher, Timothy Chan, MD, PhD, has joined Cleveland Clinic as the Director of the new Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, where he plans to unite researchers in multiple disciplines to advance personalized cancer care and develop novel immune system-based treatments. Residents have the opportunity to work with and learn from Dr. Chan.

Call Schedule
Call is typically taken in 1-week blocks of home-call

Vacation

 * Vacation: 15 days (3 weeks) per year + variable number of meeting days and institutional holidays.
 * Call Schedule: Home call, one week at a time.
 * Book fund: An individual book fund is available for all residents to purchase texts.
 * Office space: Each resident has personal desk space with a laptop and dual monitors.
 * Cleveland Clinic iPhone: Each resident will receive a Cleveland Clinic iPhone from start to end of your residency.

Contact Information
Residency Coordinator:

Email:

Phone:

Fax:


text:
Minecraft/Armour

Use
Armour will protect you from the folowing types of damage:
 * Mob attacks
 * Player atacks
 * Projectiles
 * Cacti

When enchanted, they can protect you from other forms of damage:
 * Falling
 * Drowning
 * Fire and lava
 * Explosions

Leather
The second weakest type. Although you can dye it different colors.

Chain
Only dropped by monsters that are wearing it. When you get it, most likely you already have better stuff.

Iron
A common armour, and actually a bit faster and more efficient to get than leather.

Gold
The weakest armour type you can get. Best to save gold on golden apples and carrots.

Diamond
Usually the armour most feel safe in, before they fight any bosses or strong enemies.

Netherite
The best armour in the game. It has the highest defence, gives you protection to fire, and gives you knockback resistance. You can only get it by upgrading diamond armour on a smithing table.

Armour points
Each armour point protects you from 4% of damage. You may see how many armour points you have by looking at the chestplate icons above your hotbar. The more are filled, the more armour you have.

Note that to see the icons, you need to equip armour first.

title: Minecraft/Armour


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2022/August

A template idea
I had an idea for a template. It's currently at User:L10nM4st3r/Sandbox 2. It is used on User:L10nM4st3r/sandbox. However, I need help. How can I have the "" replaced even inside the "syntaxhighlight", which acts like a "nowiki" tag. Any help would be much appreciated!L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 11:38, 12 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I actually don't think it will work. If you think otherwise, I am listening.L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 12:04, 12 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree, this probably isn't possible. See mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight, no mention I can see of overcoming this. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:23, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
 * This may actually be possible with a lua script, so I may end up creating this, if I can figure it out. L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 13:47, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * "May". As in, "might", like "it might or might not work". Yea, it probably won't... I'm gonna stay away from module space for a while unless I need to edit there.. Best to save it for the people (and bots) who know what they are doing. ;) L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 14:27, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * This can be done with . See Template:Code/doc L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 17:06, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

I'm eligible for the Wikipedia library
Amazing! What even is this Wikipedia library thing? L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 15:42, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

Delay of the 2022 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election

 *  You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election •

Hi all,

I am reaching out to you today with an update about the timing of the voting for the Board of Trustees election.

As many of you are already aware, this year we are offering an Election Compass to help voters identify the alignment of candidates on some key topics. Several candidates requested an extension of the character limitation on their responses expanding on their positions, and the Elections Committee felt their reasoning was consistent with the goals of a fair and equitable election process.

To ensure that the longer statements can be translated in time for the election, the Elections Committee and Board Selection Task Force decided to delay the opening of the Board of Trustees election by one week - a time proposed as ideal by staff working to support the election.

Although it is not expected that everyone will want to use the Election Compass to inform their voting decision, the Elections Committee felt it was more appropriate to open the voting period with essential translations for community members across languages to use if they wish to make this important decision.

The voting will open on August 23 at 00:00 UTC and close on September 6 at 23:59 UTC.

Best regards,

Matanya, on behalf of the Elections Committee  Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 20:55, 15 August 2022 (UTC)

Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories
Dear community members,

Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter (This Month in Education) invite you to join us by subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page or by sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context.

If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories.

Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the complete archive.

More information about the newsletter can be found at Education/Newsletter/About.

For more information, please contact spatnaik@undefinedwikimedia.org. -- About This Month in Education · Subscribe/Unsubscribe · Global message delivery · For the team: ZI Jony  (Talk),  (UTC)

Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC
Hello!

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about "Regional and Thematic Hubs". The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start (read the report), but we're not finished yet.

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context (see Hubs Dialogue). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. More information on the event on Meta-wiki.

Best regards,

Kaarel Vaidla Movement Strategy

[Invitation] Join the Movement Strategy Forum
Hello everyone,

The Movement Strategy Forum (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation.

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The Movement Strategy is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the Community Review Report.

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum!

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance team Mervat (WMF) (talk) 15:54, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

 The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open

 *  You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open •

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the 2022 Board of Trustees election is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

 * Try the Election Compass, showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
 * Read the candidate statements and answers to Affiliate questions
 * Learn more about the skills the Board seeks and how the Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills

If you are ready to vote, you may go to SecurePoll voting page to vote now. You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC. To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the voter eligibility page.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee

 Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 12:14, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

Children's Stories
Is Wikibooks for children's stories with their illustrations? or is just for non-fiction genres? Nada kareem22 (discuss • contribs) 19:22, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Wikibooks is for guides, manuals, textbooks, and similar non-fiction works. There are no Wikimedia Foundation projects that host original fiction, but you can find previously-published children's fiction at Wikisource. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 19:35, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

 The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to close

 *  You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting about to Close •

Hello,

The Community Voting period of the 2022 Board of Trustees election started on August 23, 2022, and will close on September 6, 2022 23:59 UTC. There’s still a chance to participate in this election. If you did not vote, please visit the SecurePoll voting page to vote now. To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the voter eligibility page. If you need help in making your decision, here are some helpful links:

 * Try the Election Compass, showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
 * Read the candidate statements and answers to Affiliate questions.
 * Learn more about the skills the Board seek and how the Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills
 * Watch the videos of the candidates answering questions proposed by the community.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 09:02, 30 August 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Jzeng16

--Xania   talk 09:18, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jzeng16


text:
User talk:41.113.232.203

--Xania   talk 09:20, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.113.232.203


text:
User talk:181.176.97.131

--Xania   talk 09:21, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:181.176.97.131


text:
A-level Philosophy/AQA - Updated Specification

Topic 1 - Epistemology

 * ../Definitions of Knowledge/
 * ../Knowledge from Reason/
 * ../Knowledge from Perception/
 * ../Limits of Knowledge/

Topic 2 - Moral Philosophy (Ethics)

 * ../Utilitarianism/
 * ../Kantian Deontological Ethics/
 * ../Aristotle's Virtue Ethics/
 * ../Meta-Ethics/

Topic 3 - Metaphysics of God

 * ../The Concept of God/
 * ../Arguments for the Existence of God/
 * ../The Problem of Evil/
 * ../Religious Language/

Topic 4 - Metaphysics of Mind

 * ../Arguments for Dualism/
 * ../Issues with Dualism/
 * ../Arguments for Physicalism/
 * ../Functionalism/


text:
User talk:Labdajiwa

__NOINDEX__

title: User talk:Labdajiwa


text:
User talk:Jericho2205

Apologies
You have been unblocked. It seems that an edit tripped a filter (the word 'genocide' which has been used in recent vandalism) which caused the system to block you. The filter has been updated so similar edits should not have the same result.--Xania   talk 01:28, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jericho2205


text:
Cookbook:Thermometer

A variety of thermometers are available for use in the kitchen.

One of the main reasons for cooking your food is to kill the bacteria that causes food-borne illness. The thermometer is the only way to be sure your food has reached the proper temperature. The regular digital probe thermometers are for instance readings. The digital thermometers with a corded probe allows you to monitor of your food while its in the oven and usually has the capability to sound an alarm when a set temperature is reached. These are especially useful for slow cooking meat whether in the oven or on an outdoor grill. There are now thermometers that replace the cord with a bluetooth transmitter but that means having electronics in the hot oven which is not a good environment for electronics. While the cord is a hassle sometime, I'm in a wait and see mode for that. And as with everything else electronic now days some communicate with a smart phone app.

Bimetallic thermometers are available that stay in the oven to monitor the actual temp in the oven in case you fear your oven is cooking hotter or cooler than it is reporting.

Types

 * Oven thermometer: dial that can be placed inside an oven to gauge its temperature; usually analog
 * Fridge/freezer thermometer: similar to oven thermometer; can be placed inside a fridge or freezer; often analog
 * Instant-read probe: digital thermometer with a probe stem; quickly registers temperature; multipurpose but not designed to be left in the food
 * Oven-safe probe: usually analog dial; probe stem; meant to be left in food while cooking
 * Candy/oil thermometer: usually analog and made of glass; intended for a wide range of temperatures; often used for candy and deep-frying
 * Infrared: digital thermometer that uses infrared to detect the surface temperature of a food

Use
In general, with the exception of infrared thermometers, the temperature sensor of the thermometer must be fully submerged/inserted into the food. Oven and fridge thermometers should not be placed too close to the door, where temperatures can easily fluctuate. Probe-style thermometers should be inserted at least two inches into the food, or to the level you wish to test. For candy/oil thermometers, make sure the bulb at the bottom is fully submerged but not too close to the source of heat.

Care
Thermometers are sensitive sensors, and they should be treated with care. Avoid tossing or dropping them. Thoroughly clean any part of the thermometer that comes into contact with food. Every so often, test the thermometer's accuracy by taking the temperature of a pot of boiling water and a glass of ice water for 30 seconds—at sea level the boiling water should be 100˚C (212˚F) and the ice water should be 0˚C (32˚F).

title: Cookbook:Thermometer


text:
User talk:Jackhalligan

Welcome, Jackhalligan!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 00:37, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jackhalligan