text:
Oberon/hall

= Oberon Hall of Fame =

  In 1985 Niklaus Wirth and Jürg Gutknecht embarked on a project to build a new workstation from scratch. The quote from Einstein: Make it as simple as possible, but not simpler served as a signpost for their approach - resulting in a system of exemplary lucidity, efficiency and compactness. Wirth was fascinated by the accuracy and reliability of the Voyager space probe then passing Oberon, one of the moons of Uranus. The project was christened Oberon in its honor. Oberon was designed to be easily extensible and it has lived-up to this expectation since then. Many, many people from world class software engineers, to university professors and to anonymous students have contributed to what you can obtain for free in a single package of modest size.

This is an incomplete list of people that have contributed to the ETH Oberon project. We have only included people with whom we have had direct contact. In addition, many people contributed to the sources. We address our apologies to those who were left out from the list, and we ask them to let us know.

ETH Oberon System
Niklaus Wirth and Jürg Gutknecht - Project Oberon for Ceres. Martin Reiser - Oberon System book and Oberon Language book. Jürg Gutknecht - Oberon System 3 project. Hannes Marais and Patrick Saladin - Gadgets. Hannes Marais, Mathias Hausner and Emil Zeller - Windows Oberon System 3. Michael Franz and Thomas Kistler - MacOberon System 3. Andreas Disteli - DOS Oberon System 3. Johan de Villiers and Pieter Muller - Oberon System 3 on Hybrid. Josef Templ, Peter Januschke and Jaco Geldenhuys - SPARC Solaris Oberon System 3. Markus Dätwyler and Patrick Saladin - Linux Oberon System 3. Peter Matthias - Linux Native Oberon System 3. Edgar Schwarz - HPUX Oberon System 3. Günter Feldmann - PowerPC Linux and Solaris Oberon System 3. Régis Crelier - DEC-Oberon. Emil Zeller - Gadgets Network and other tools. Hans Meier - Oberon and Syntax fonts.

ETH Oberon Compiler
Niklaus Wirth - Oberon compiler for Ceres. Régis Crelier - Portable Oberon compiler. Niklaus Mannhart - Intel 386/387 backend. Patrik Reali - Intel 386/387 Assembler. Patrik Reali - Active Oberon extensions. Roberto Morelli - Oberon-X extensions.

Packages and Tools
Martin Gitsels - TCP/IP and NetSystem. André Fischer - Tutorials and The Oberon Companion. Erich Oswald - Leonardo. MJ de Villiers de Wet - Static Linker, Scope and FATFiles. Wolfgang Pircher - ET4000 driver. Peter Matthias - ET4000 and S3 Trio driver. Jörg Derungs - GD54xx driver. Ott Hans-Werner and Andreas Disteli - VGA driver. Andreas Disteli - S3 and W32 display drivers. Martin Pirker - Vesa driver. Francis Bogsanyi - ATAPI CD driver. Thomas Burri - SoundBlaster driver. Jörg Derungs - LayLa. Bruno Essmann - DOS-based bootloader. MJ de Villiers de Wet - FATFiles and DOS tool. Peter Ryser - NCR 810 SCSI driver. Wolfgang Ibl - Adaptec 1520 SCSI driver. Bernd Mösli - Reals, scanning. David Ulrich - JPEG converter and Dim3. Ralph Sommerer - Script editor, on-line documents. Patrick Saladin - Hex editor. Daniel Ponti - Rembrandt and Backdrops. Josef Templ and Jacques Supcik - PostScript printer driver. Lajos Truszek - HP Laserjet driver. Beat Heeb and Karl Rege - HP 550C printer driver. Robert Griesemer and Wolfgang Weck - VT100 emulator. Thomas Nauer - Pictures. Ivan Posva and Martin Gitsels - Telnet. Clemens Szyperski and Hanspeter Mössenböck - EditTools. Ralph Sommerer and Andreas Disteli - TextMail. Robert Griesemer - Sisiphus. Karl Rege and Andreas Disteli - Server system and client printer. Ralph Sommerer - V4 to System 3 text convertor. Urs Hiestand and Ralph Sommerer - ET editor and Popup menus. Stefan Ludwig - Analyzer. Luca Balestra - CU-SeeMe receiver. Patrick Saladin - Outlines, Freecell, Solitaire, Spider, Shanghai. Markus Dätwyler and Patrick Saladin - MineSweeper. Wolfgang Ibl - Tetris, Asteroids and Calculator. Emil Zeller - Sokoban and Scramble. David Müller and Martin Gitsels - SLIP. Urs Hiestand - LEDA. Patrik Reali - HPCalc. Thierry Bralla - UnZip. Clyde Knaus - LayoutPanels. Andreas Margelisch - RX. Christoph Kleiner - Three Dimensional Dreams (TDD). Edgar Schwarz, Martin Aeschlimann and Claude Knaus - PPP. Paul Floyd - Canadian keyboard table. Wolfgang Ibl - UK keyboard table. Necati Ecevit - Turkish keyboard table. Reto Strobl - 3Com509B driver. Christian Plattner - ATA driver. Christoph Kleiner - Three Dimensional Dreams (TDD). Régis Crelier and Edgar Schwarz - Floating-point emulator. Alan Webber - Dvorak keyboard table. Stanislaw Ciszewski - Polish keyboard table. G. Meunier - French keyboard. Peter Ryser - NE2000 ethernet driver. William Myburgh - Test Coverage Analyser. John Stout - DES module.

Beta Testers
The following people took part in the initial beta tests (roughly in chronological order):

Jürg Gutknecht, Patrik Reali, Andreas Disteli, Peter Ryser, Francis Bogsanyi, Wolfgang Pircher, Wolfgang Ibl, Peter Matthias, Jörg Derungs, Bernd Mösli, Hannes Marais, Frank Hrebabetzky, Emil Zeller, Erich Oswald, André Fischer, Jacques Supcik, Jaco Geldenhuys, Henk Roux, Alan Webber, Doug Danforth, Philipp Heuberger, George Fankhauser, J.T. Utne, Necati Ecevit, Josef Sedlacek, Aubrey McIntosh, Brian Hawley, Daniel Vogelheim, Gotthard Schmidt, Robert Lichtenberger, Beat Christen, Steve Adams, Paul Floyd, Alan Freed, Erik Hill, Jan de Kruyf, Vesna Velickovic, Guy Laden, Patrick Saladin, Markus Dätwyler, et al.

Apologies to anyone who has accidentally been left out.

''25 Jul 2000 - Copyright © 2000 ETH Zürich. All rights reserved.''

E-Mail: oberon at lists.inf.ethz.ch

= Additional Contributors = Contributions to the wikibook have ranged from specific suggestions to authoring of complete sections. "View history" at the top of any page opens an edit log.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oberon/hall


text:
User:Argyrocrat/sandbox

Argyrocrat is a Wikipedian, Wikisourcer, and Wikibookian.

title: User:Argyrocrat/sandbox


text:
User:Argyrocrat

Argyrocrat is a Wikipedian, Wikisourcer, and Wikibookian.

title: User:Argyrocrat


text:
Mirad Grammar/Why Mirad

= Why Mirad? =

 * In English, we have many words like ichthyology which baffle younger speakers of the language, because it is borrowed from a foreign language, namely classical Greek. This word, which could just as easily and more rationally be the Anglicized fishlore, means the science of fish.  If a word in English relates to fish, why is fish not in the word?  Even for modern day Greeks to understand the word ichthyologia, they have to know the ancient root ichthys for fish, which has long been supplanted by the current word everyone uses, psari.  What I'm saying is that the vocabulary of English, as is the case in many other natural languages, is a hodgepodge of borrowings, irregular spellings, and words cobbled from obscure roots that have no recognizability to the average speaker.

 * While English is melting pot of words, there are some languages that do less borrowing and less non-discriminate formation of words that do not associate with one another through some root or pattern. Words in Icelandic, for example, do not borrow very much from other languages and are formed using roots familiar to speakers of that language.  The Icelandic word for library is bokasafn, which literally, is book collection ( = saving).  Any child in that language knows what the word means immediately, because it is composed of root words that are obvious.  The English word library makes sense only if you know the Latin roots libr- (book) and -ary (place of).

 * Arabic is another language that has a system of word-building based on a rational association of consonants and vowel patterns, such that most all the words relating to books contain the three consonants k-t-b. Over the centuries, the system has been polluted with irregularities, but at least the consciousness of associations of words based on a root pattern is there and is still used today to coin new words.

 * In Turkish, the bulk of words having to do with knowledge contain the native root bil. Because of this, most of these words will be grouped on the same pages in a dictionary.  For example: bildik known, bildirim announcement, bilecen know-it-all, bilgi knowledge, bilgili knowledgeable, bilgin scolar, etc.  A word such as unknowability inevitably contains the root bil and can be learned fairly easily by a young student of the language.

 * What if we took this root association to the maximum degree and ensured that all words in a language were constructed on logical, associational, and regular principles with roots that are obvious to the learner? That would be Mirad.

 * A very simple principle in Mirad, is that a good portion of the vocabulary is automatically ascertainable without looking up words in the dictionary. All descriptive adjectives can be changed to their opposite with a simple change of vowel.  For example, if you know fia (good), then you automatically know fua (bad).  This is possible by knowing the rule of contrastive vowels: i is positive vowel and contrasts with u, a negative vowel.  Similarly, a contrasts with o, so that the opposite of aza (strong) is--you guessed it--oza (weak).  In fact, if you know that e is an intermediate vowel, then you understand that eza means moderate.  These simple principles of word-building mean that students of the language can cut down on their learning time by at least 50%.

 * Another principle is that the beginning and/or closing consonants of a word in Mirad give you clues as to the meaning. All sentient creatures have the closing consonant t, such that dat (friend), tot (god), at (I), tuzut (artist), and pit (fish) all refer to sentient creatures.  The root stems of all words having to do with communication, begin with the letter d, eg. der (to say), dud (answer), dyes (book), dar (language), etc.  The internal vowels of such root stems indicate concepts such as sky, land, sea or up vs. down, or zeroth, first, second, or toward the speaker vs. away from the speaker, and on and on.

 * In English, as in many other languages, there was probably some attempt to associate words in this way. Take for example, the series sing, sang, sung, song, singer, songstress or drip, drop, droop, dribble.  More often than not, there is very little association among words that are obviously distinguished by the one feature, size, eg. mountain, hill, knob, bump, pimple.  in Mirad, these are all distinguished regularly by an enumerative vowel.  The Mirad days of the weak are not a series of Roman- or Teutonic-related concepts, Moon-day, Tiw's-day, Woden's-day, Thor's-day, Freya-s-day, Saturn-day, and Sun-day, all of which are a matter of memorization by the child or student of the language.  Mirad days of the week consist rather of a series of words numerically arranged "day-one, day-two, day-three, etc."  This is actually the approach taken by quite a few natural languages like Portuguese.

 * The months, too, ought to be learned in 10 seconds, by knowing that an internal vowel of the root expresses the numerical order of the months. Again, there are some natural languages that do this.

By knowing that jiab means month one, January, then by knowing how to count in the language, the word for September can be readily deduced as jiyub (month ten).

 * The formulaic language of chemistry is a pretty good likeness of Mirad. There is a determinative relationship between H2O and C2O.  Mirad goes a step further in naming the chemical elements by their number of electrons plus a consonant/vowel combination indicating whether the element is a solid, liquid, gas, etc.  The Mirad word for hydrogen, therefore, is amsal.  The stem vowel a is the number one for the number of electrons.  The ms consonant combination means metalloid, while the al ending is a stub for mal meaning gas.  Similarly, the stem vowels of the names of animals indicate their primary habitat: air, land, sea, or combinations of these.  Other combinations of letters indicate whether the animal is domestic, predatory, wild, etc.  From then on, its enumeration based on factors such as commonness, taxonomic relationships, etc.  Likewise, with human and animal body terms, the stem vowel indicates location on the body, such as head, trunk, or limbs.  Then another vowel delineates in a directional way where on the head: upper, middle, lower, and so forth.  Just by looking at the word for a body part for the first time, by knowing the system, you can tell at least approximately that it is, say, a higher joint of the arm.  Words in the language can be mnemonically associated to body terms by changing the initial domain consonant accordingly, so, while teb means head,  xeb in the x or work/action domain is boss, deb in the social/political domain is leader, etc.

The following chart shows in this mnemonic echoing in action, where the letters before -ub suggest the domain:

 * {| style="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow"

! DOMAIN !! WORD
 * + Mnemonic Echoing
 * human (body) || tub....arm
 * work/action || xub....subsidiary, branch
 * plants || fub....limb, branch, bough(of a tree)
 * fish || pitub....fin
 * birds || patub....wing
 * flowers || vosub....shoot, sprig
 * society/politics || dub....minister, department head
 * building || tomub....wing (of a building)
 * vegetation || vub....twig, offshoot
 * animal || potub....paw
 * nature || mub....promontory
 * river || mifub....oar
 * things || sub....ramification, offshoot
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * }
 * vegetation || vub....twig, offshoot
 * animal || potub....paw
 * nature || mub....promontory
 * river || mifub....oar
 * things || sub....ramification, offshoot
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * }
 * things || sub....ramification, offshoot
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * }
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * }
 * }

title: Mirad Grammar/Why Mirad


text:
Mirad Grammar/Why Mirad?

Vocabulary Built on Native Roots

 * In English, we have many words like ichthyology, which baffle younger speakers of the language, because they are borrowed from a foreign language, in this case, classical Greek. This word, which could just as easily and more rationally be the Anglicized fishlore, means the science of fish.  If a word in English relates to fish, why is fish not a part of the word?  Even for modern day Greeks to understand the word ιχθυολογία (ichthyologia), they have to know the ancient root ιχθύς (ichthys) for fish, which has long been supplanted by the current word everyone uses, ψάρι (psari).  What I'm saying is that the vocabulary of English, as is the case in many other natural languages, is a hodgepodge of borrowings, irregular spellings, and words cobbled from obscure roots that have little recognizability for the average speaker.

 * While English is a melting pot of words, there are some languages that do less borrowing and less non-discriminate formation of words that do not associate with one another through some root or pattern. Icelandic, for example, does not borrow very much from other languages and its words are formed using roots familiar to speakers of that language.  The Icelandic word for library is bokasafn, which literally, is book collection ( = saving).  Any child in that language knows what the word means immediately, because it is composed of root words that are obvious.  The English word library makes sense only if you know the Latin roots libr- (book) and -ary (place of).

 * Arabic, by contrast, is a language that has a system of word-building based on a rational association of consonants and vowel patterns, such that most words relating to books and writing contain the three consonants k-t-b. Over the centuries, the system has been polluted with irregularities, but at least the consciousness of associations of words based on a root pattern is there and is still used today to coin new words.

 * In Turkish, the bulk of words having to do with knowledge contain the native root bil. Because of this, most of these words will be grouped on the same pages in a dictionary.  For example: bildik known, bildirim announcement, bilecen know-it-all, bilgi knowledge, bilgili knowledgeable, bilgin scholar, etc.  A word such as unknowability inevitably contains the root bil and can be learned fairly easily by a young student of the language.

 * Mirad has a vocabulary-building system with approximately 500 morphemes (word atoms or vocabulary building blocks) that are used to form derived words in the same sense family in accordance with a set of word-building rules. Words that are related semantically will share the same bulk of letters. For example, iva (happy), ivla (glad), and ivra (delighted) share the root morpheme iv- and differ only in one letter.  The opposite of happy is derived by switching the vowel in the root morpheme from i to the negative counterpart u, such that uva means sad.  Similarly, uvla (woeful) and uvra (tragic) are opposite counterparts to the extended iv- words.

 * In Mirad, every letter of a word has some semantic or grammatical function. All words are part of a system. If you know the word for to lengthen, then you automatically know the word for to shorten.  The rules for deriving new words from existing words are consistent across the language.  In Mirad, there is no such thing as irregular conjugation of verbs as in English write, wrote, written.  Nouns are pluralized in one way only across the board, unlike the multiple, unpredictable ways German and Arabic words are pluralized.  Prepositions have one meaning, as contrasted with the multiple, inscrutable meanings of Russian or Latin prepositions.

 * Words in Mirad are pronounced as they are written, with no exceptions. One letter is used for one sound.  Only Roman letters are used in the alphabet, and there are no pesky diacritics (accents).  Word stress is regular.

 * What if we took this root association to the maximum degree and ensured that all words in a language were constructed on logical, associational, and regular principles with roots that are obvious to the learner? That would be the way Mirad does it.

Deriving Opposites by Vowel-switching

 * A very simple principle in Mirad is that a good portion of the vocabulary can be guessed by the learner without looking up words in the dictionary. All descriptive adjectives can be changed to their opposite with a simple change of vowel.  For example, if you know fia (good), then you automatically know fua (bad).  This is possible by knowing the rule of contrastive vowels: i is a  positive vowel and contrasts with u, a negative vowel.  Similarly, a contrasts with o, so that the opposite of aza (strong) is--you guessed it--oza (weak).  In fact, if you know that e is an intermediate vowel, then you understand that eza means moderate.  These simple principles of word-building mean that students of the language can cut down on their learning time by at least 50%.

Using Consonants and Vowels to Vary Domains

 * Another principle is that the beginning and/or closing consonants of a word in Mirad give you clues as to the meaning. All sentient creatures have the final stem consonant t, such that dat (friend), tot (god), at (I), tuzut (artist), and pit (fish) all refer to sentient creatures.  The root stems of all words having to do with communication, begin with the letter d, eg. der (to say), dud (answer), dyes (book), dal (speech), etc.  The internal vowels of root stems very often indicate concepts such as sky, land, sea or up vs. down, or zeroth, first, second, or toward the speaker vs. away from the speaker, and on and on.

Scalarization

 * In English, as in many other languages, there was probably some attempt to associate words in this way. Take for example, the series sing, sang, sung, song, singer, songstress or drip, drop, droop, dribble.  More often than not, there is very little association among English words that are obviously distinguished by the one feature, size, eg. mountain, hill, knob, bump, pimple.  In Mirad, these are all distinguished regularly by a scalarizing enumerative vowel.  The Mirad days of the week are not a series of Roman- or Teutonic-related concepts, Moon-day, Tiw's-day, Woden's-day, Thor's-day, Freya's-day, Saturn-day, and Sun-day, all of which are a matter of memorization by the child or student of the language.  Mirad days of the week consist rather of a series of words numerically arranged "day-one, day-two, day-three, etc."  This is actually the approach taken by quite a few natural languages like Portuguese.

 * The months, too, ought to be learned in 10 seconds, by knowing that an internal vowel of the root expresses the numerical order of the months. Again, there are some natural languages that do this.  By knowing that jiab means month one, January, then by knowing how to count in the language, the word for September can be readily deduced as ji yu b (month nine , yu being the number for 9).

Taxonomy

 * The formulaic language of chemistry is a pretty good likeness of Mirad. There is a world-recognized symbolic, taxonomic relationship between H2O and C2O.  Similarly, in Mirad, the stem vowels of the names of animals indicate their primary habitat: air, land, sea, or combinations of these.  Other combinations of letters indicate whether the animal is domestic, predatory, wild, etc.  From then on, its enumeration is based on factors such as commonness, taxonomic relationships, etc.  Likewise, with human and animal body terms, the stem vowel indicates location on the body, such as head, trunk, or limbs.  Then another vowel delineates in a directional way where on the head: upper, middle, lower, and so forth.  Just by looking at the word for a body part for the first time, by knowing the system, you can tell at least approximately that it is, say, a higher joint of the arm.  Color words are based on their position on nature's color spectrum.  Governmental and courtly powerholders and other hierarchical elements are ranked by an ordinal vowel, eg. adeb (emperor), edeb (monarch), ideb (prince), udeb (duke), etc.  The names of the planets are enumerated by their relative distance from the sun, so:  a mer (planet 1 = Mercury),  e mer (planet 2 = Mars),  i mer (planet 3 = Earth), etc.  Zoological and botanical names are based on the international Linnean Taxonomy.

Mnemonics
Words in the language can be mnemonically associated to body terms by changing the initial domain consonant accordingly, so, while teb means head, xeb in the x or work/action domain is boss, deb in the social/political domain is leader, etc.

 * The following chart shows in this mnemonic echoing in action, where the letters before -ub suggest the domain:

 * {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow"

! DOMAIN !! WORD
 * + Mnemonic Echoing
 * human (body) || tub....arm
 * work/action || xub....subsidiary, branch
 * plants || fub....limb, branch, bough(of a tree)
 * fish || pitub....fin
 * birds || patub....wing
 * animal || potub....paw
 * land-sea animal || peitub....flipper
 * shoe || tyoyafub....(scuba-diving) flipper
 * vegetation || vub....shoot, sprig, twig
 * society/politics || dub....minister, department head
 * building || tomub....wing (of a building)
 * land || mub....promontory
 * river || mifub....oar
 * things || sub....ramification, offshoot
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * flat || zyifub....paddle
 * round || zyub....lobe
 * }
 * society/politics || dub....minister, department head
 * building || tomub....wing (of a building)
 * land || mub....promontory
 * river || mifub....oar
 * things || sub....ramification, offshoot
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * flat || zyifub....paddle
 * round || zyub....lobe
 * }
 * table || semub....flap (of a table)
 * rotating things || zyufub....rudder
 * flat || zyifub....paddle
 * round || zyub....lobe
 * }
 * round || zyub....lobe
 * }
 * }

Conclusion
Mirad uses many different techniques to short-cut the difficulty of learning new words or recognizing terms. The vowels, consonants, mnemonics, scalarization, taxonomy and many other methods are used to make the vocabulary as rational and intuitive as possible. Unlike in most natural languages, words like snow and sleet are going to have sounds in common in Mirad. I have never found a language other than Mirad where the words for ice, water, and steam are derived from one another even though we all know they are actually all H2O in different temperature states.

title: Mirad Grammar/Why Mirad?


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Robert Cecil Marsden/Notes

1922 02
2JM presides over a meeting to publicly welcome the brave ships wireless operator of the Sterling: R. H. Shaw "PERSONAL. . . . The wreck of the Helen B. Sterling, and the stirring incidents associated with the rescue of her crew were recalled last night, when a public welcome, together with presentation of a wallet of bank notes, was tendered to Mr. R. H. Shaw, the youthful wireless operator of the vessel. The function, which was arranged by Miss F. V. Wallace was held at the Persian Garden, and was largely attended by members of the Wireless Institute, and others interested in wireless. Mr. R. C. Marsden, who presided, and other speakers, paid a tribute to the manner in which Mr. Shaw stuck to his post during a trying and critical period."

1922 03
2JM is appointed president of the newly formed Metropolitan Radio Club "THE MAGIC SPARK. Radio News for the Amateur. NEW CLUBS HELP SCIENCE ALONG. BY DOTDASH . . . New Clubs Formed. How wireless experimenting is going ahead may be judged by the enthusiastic gatherings to form clubs in the City and suburbs. This is all good for the enthusiast, for the more he gets together in organised bodies, the more will the authorities sit up and take notice when approached for the inevitable relaxation of restrictions. It has been suggested from some quarters that a large number of clubs will not enable the amateurs to present a united front to authority. But this is wrong, for a conference of delegates from the clubs could easily be arranged. In the meantime clubs are being formed and many are projected. It is a healthy sign, and amateurs would be well advised to join the club in their suburb or district, or get together and form one. We shall need all the organisation we can get when the time comes. A lusty infant is the Metropolitan Radio Club, formed recently by a gathering of over 70 persons. The present intention of this body is to have mixed social and wireless evenings, and the idea seems to be a popular one. Already the membership of the club is nearing the hundred mark, and names are still being entered in its register. The very small subscription is another popular feature. The following office-bearers were appointed by the meeting:— President, R. C. Marsden; secretary, A. Mitchell; treasurer, Miss F. V. Wallace; committee, W. G. Best, W. Bird, and P. Sewell."

1922 05
2JM, as President of the Metropolitan Radio Club gives a talk on crystal set construction "THE MAGIC SPARK. Radio News for Amateurs. . . . BY DOT DASH. . . . FOR THE BEGINNER. Some sensible and useful hints to beginners in radio work were given by Mr. R. C. Marsden, president of the Metropolitan Radio Club, at the last meeting of members, when he read a paper on the construction and maintenance of a crystal set. The paper was an excellent one, inasmuch as it was entirely devoid of all technical terms, and the veriest novice could follow it. The lecturer described the making of a loose coupler and stressed a most important point in this connection. It was this: When the amateur starts on his coupler he may think of winding one that will receive on wave lengths up to about 2000 metres. This is a mistake, as there are very few stations within the range of a crystal set that work on more than 600. Thus the beginner who thinks he is doing well by winding a big coupler is only losing efficiency in dead-end effect. Another important thing, said Mr. Marsden, was the earthing arrangement. He advised the amateur not to be content to fix the earth wire to a water pipe, but to put in a little spare time digging a hole about 6ft deep, near the operating room. Into this put a fair-sized coil of old galvanised fencing wire, lifting portion of it to the surface to form a kind of spiral. Fill in the hole with the wire in this position, and solder the earth wire to the end. The ground around the spot should be kept damp if not naturally so."


text:
Building Haycocks/To do

''Feel free to add your suggestions to this list of improvements. If you complete one of the tasks, please place strike through the comment using tags.''

This book is at infant, nay perhaps newborn stage, so todo's are at broad level

Current To-Dos

 * 1) Somebody please remove the speedy template or I'm wasting my time and resource I and any other contributor could be putting to better use of in WP and RL will be wasted.  Only an idiot would join a book under a speedy.
 * 2) Complete a basic page for every subpage in the Haymaking Chapter including Navigation
 * 3) Complete a basic page for all the Chapter Level tasks.
 * 4) Add a stage thingy for every page in the master TOC

title: Building Haycocks/To do


text:
Building Haycocks/Glossary

C

 * Cock: Short and commonly-used abbreviation of haycock.

F

 * Fork: Commonly used short form of pitchfork

H

 * Handshaking: A small form of haycock typically half the size of a haycock.
 * Hay-making machine: (with back action) Can also be known as a Shaker. Used for scattering the hay to help it dry.
 * Haycart: Horse drawn used to transport hay. Usually used where the hay is built directly onto the cart for transport rather than use or an intermediate haycock.

L

 * Lap: A small loose bundle of hay formed by loosening up a bundle of hay in the arms and placing on the ground. Typically a last resort technique used in wet weather.

P

 * Pike: Alterative name for haycock, may sometimes be used for a larger haycock perhaps built outside for longer storage.
 * Pitchfork: Wooden pole tool of length usually under 2 metres with two (or sometimes three) curved sharp metal tangs at one end generally useful for many operations on loose hay.

R

 * Rake: The rake used for hay is normally of all wooden construction with up to about twenty wooden pegs
 * Roller: A drum of or heavier pulled by 1, 2 or 3 horses depending on model for the purpose of flattening land and breaking up clods of turf.  Can cause problems if used inappropriately.

S

 * Side delivery: A machine hauled by a strong horse to move and rake hay to one side. Can be used for rowing and raking.

title: Building Haycocks/Glossary


text:
Tahitian/Possessives

TŌ it's used when the relation between the possessor and the possessed is inalienable or strong. TĀ expresses a possession weak active.

Singular

 *  First person
 * My book –  tā'u puta
 * my name –  tō'u i'oa
 *  Second person
 * Your dog –  tā'oe 'urii
 * Your sister –  tō'oe tuahine
 *  Thirth person
 * His wife –  tōna vahine fa'aipoipo
 * her city –  tāna 'oire
 * The oar of the raft –  tō te va'a hoe

title: Tahitian/Possessives


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Character Encodings

Character Encodings encompasses the patterns that are used to represent various characters particularly in computer storage.

''If you wish to participate in the writing or editing of Character Encodings, or if you have an idea as to how this book can be improved, please see the "to-do" list. You may also add your name to the list of contributors.''

Chapters
/Preface/

 * 1) /Overview/
 * 2) /Designation/
 * 3) /Conversion Tools/

Appendices

 * 1) /Code Tables/
 * 2) * EBCDIC
 * 3) * MS-DOS
 * 4) * Windows
 * 5) * ISO
 * 6) /Glossary/
 * 7) /Contributors/
 * 8) /Author guidelines/

Read more
Wikibooks has a book on Unicode.

title: Character Encodings


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Talk:Character Encodings

Brief note
This book about character encodings and several pages to be incorporated are in the Transwiki space at th e moment. please dont rush to bring them (well the code pages) here as the code page pages really need to be automated and individual work may have to be backed out. See the authors guidelines and todo list of ask me. Thankyou.Bigdelboy (discuss • contribs) 22:52, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Character Encodings


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Character Encodings/Author guidelines

There will be some important Author guidelines for this book and this page should be updated in a few days. In the interim please don't simply move the pages from Transwiki namespace into the book, alternatively ask the author if you want to do that. Also please check the To-Dos list.

title: Character Encodings/Author guidelines


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Character Encodings/To do

''Feel free to add your suggestions to this list of improvements. If you complete one of the tasks, please place strike through the comment using tags.''

This book is at infant, nay perhaps newborn stage, so todo's are at broad level. Further To Dos may be added when the author guidelines are completed.

I would suggest anyone continuing with this project consider using levering wikidata with some sort of custom module.

New main person required
Please be aware with the deletion of the source pages from the English Wikipedia the original author will be withdrawing from the project unless a DRV yields a different result. Anyone wishing to contact the author is probably best advised to leave a message on their talk page on the English Wikipedia. Thank you.

Don't Dos
These are mainly related to the need to do automation and tooling. Please ask the author. While these "Don't do's" are the author's preference if he is able to continue with the project the author may be feeling he is unable to to continue with the process. Because of that these "Don't do's" can be reasonably disrespected for anyone which to try to continue with the project etc.
 * 1) Move code pages from Transwiki
 * 2) Edit code pages indiscriminately manually.  This could interfere with automation.

Current To-Dos
....
 * 1) Get the Support templates (at RFI) imported
 * 2) Get the documentation for the source templates imported
 * 3) Get Support templates and doc to Template space.
 * 4) Determine name convention for EBCDIC code pages
 * 5) Move Code Tables to the Appendix or decide to leave where is.
 * 6) Resolve if their is a CWW issue with the currently imported codepages and request histmerges if necessary or whatever action is or is not necessary
 * 7) Develop dewikify procedure for code pages
 * 8) Automate dewikify procedure for code pages
 * 9) Install code pages
 * 10) Prep/create book pages other than code pages
 * 11) Note any dewikifying needed on support templates and documentation
 * 12) Determine any temp pages needing importing.
 * 13) Scripting to convert Infobox character encodings to prose
 * 14) determine if to bring barcodes into scope per e.g. International Article Number
 * 15) Get the support templates that have been missed from 2 September 2020

title: Character Encodings/To do


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Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette

Back to: Native Oberon Hardware Compatiblity List

Diskette support

Summary ETH Native Oberon supports up to two diskette drives, a number limited by the machine hardware. The Diskette driver must be installed first, as explained below. Use the System Setup program of your machine to configure the diskette drives: location, type and capacity (only 720KB and 1.44MB media are supported). For Oberon, a diskette is a medium hosting a single file system which can be mounted just like any other FS residing in a hard disk partition. Diskette file administration is no different from hard disk file administration. FS prefixes are used in place of the conventional drive letters "A", "B", except in the Backup.Tool commands (described in Chapter2.Text). Note that, with this tool, only one diskette is accessed at a time, that is, a command must be executed to switch drives. Hence, preference should be given to the facility of mounting file systems, which makes it possible to access two physical diskettes at the same time.

Warning: Do not mix mounted diskette file operations and Backup operations.

How to install a diskette driver Normally, a diskette driver is automatically installed when a first diskette operation is launched. Launch a Partitions.Show command to let the system display information on the diskette drives recognized. The first diskette drive is named "Diskette0", the second is named "Diskette1". If no diskette drive is listed but one is physically present, execute the following command:

 * Diskettes.Install :    Install the diskette driver. The driver is dynamically loaded. No reboot is required.

What is an Oberon-0 diskette An Oberon-0 diskette hosts a clone of a ramdisk-based Oberon system used for configuring and installing a real, full-fledged Oberon system. Immediately after the diskette is created, label to it "Oberon-0 diskette" and with the Oberon version/release and date information. You will be able to use it as rescue diskette in case the machine can not reboot from the partition. Remember to setup the machine for booting from diskette first (System Setup program).

Oberon-0 diskette as universal rescue diskette Any Oberon-0 diskette can serve to rescue a partition made inaccessible by the loss of the boot manager or of the MBR. With it, you can mount a partition and access its supported file system if it was not damaged. If anything is damaged, the partition and the MBR too can be restored from a backup one. When mounting an Oberon partition with modules of a version different from the ones on the diskette, do not to place its FS ahead of SYS: in the search order, or else load all the modules needed for the repair actions first.

Oberon boot diskette Provided the machine is set-up to boot from diskette first (in the boot sequence), regardless of the number and the location of the Oberon partitions, and regardless of whether a boot manager is installed or not, booting from diskette is a fail-safe way to start Oberon and it is remarkably fast. Hence, it is recommended to create bootable diskettes with each Oberon installation, even if the final goal is to boot an Oberon partition directly or with the assistance of a boot manager. When the machine is started from the floppy, the boot loader reads the configuration data and locates the hard disk partition to start. Important: Label the diskette with an indication of the Oberon version date, of the partition to start and of the display driver selected.

Technical: A boot diskette is a special case of Oberon-0 containing only the boot file and configuration data customized for a particular machine. In case the graphic card is replaced, a re-boot from that diskette might fail but this should not come as a surprise. To correct the situation, replace the display driver. In case the partition was assigned a new ordinal number, change the config string.

How to copy an Oberon boot diskette It is always prudent to keep more than one copy of such a diskette. To reproduce one (see Partitions.Tool):
 * 1) create an image file of it by executing: Partitions.PartitionToFile
 * 2) create a new diskette from this file by executing: Partitions.FileToPartition

DOS boot Oberon can also be started from DOS. You do not have to compromise your machine by installing a DOS/Windows partition just to start Oberon. Create a DOS boot floppy first: a very small DOS composition is enough. Boot from the floppy to load DOS into RAM and call:

noboot native.bin native.par

If Windows 98 or an earlier Windows OS is installed, one can configure noboot.exe to run in MS-DOS mode and start Oberon directly from Windows.

File systems on diskettes A diskette can host the classical FatFS, a NatFS or an AosFS. Obviously, Native Oberon is required to format a diskette to NatFS or AosFS. Cfr. Partitions.Format. To format it to FatFS, use another suitable operating system. Currently, the Backup.Format command is not implemented. It existed in earlier versions.

Using a diskette as backup medium Given the small average size of Oberon files, it is quite reasonable and appropriate to use diskettes as backup medium. Cfr. Backing up data. A ZIP diskette (100MB or 250MB) or a JAZ disk serve better for backing up data though. See Backup.Tool

Splitting large files onto diskettes For carrying an occasional large file, floppy disks, in spite of their small capacity, can still offer a practical solution. First split the file in chunks of maximum 700kB, then copy the files to diskettes.

Miscellaneous.SplitFile filename

        Copy the named file into subfiles of maximum 700kB each. The resulting files receive filenames suffixed with "0", "1", etc.

Miscellaneous.JoinFiles filename

        Copy subfiles to a combined large file. Specify only one filename.

[Top]

''17 Oct 2002 - Copyright © 2002 ETH Zürich. All rights reserved.''

E-Mail: oberon at inf.ethz.ch [expired]

Homepage: www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/ [expired]

title: Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette


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History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Frank Randell Bradley

Frank Randell Bradley
Frank Randell Bradley was an early wireless experimenter, holding callsign 3ZK Sandringham (later A3ZK, OA3ZK, VK3ZK) from as early as 1923, through to 1930. The Wireless Regulations were altered in 1924, requiring examinations in telegraphy skills and wireless reception and transmission theory. While his position within the Postmaster-General's Department would likely have permitted an exemption, he took the examination and was awarded Amateur Operator's Proficiency Certificate No 2, being the first in Victoria. He relocated to Sydney for his employment from 1931 and in accordance with the regulations of the day, was allocated callsign 2JB (VK2JB). He does not seem to have been prominent in amateur radio circles during the 1920s and 1930s, but this requires further research. Amateur radio operations were closed down in 1939 with the commencement of hostilities for the Second World War. At the conclusion of the war, after a period, amateur radio again commenced, however Bradley did not reapply for a licence.

Bradley was born in South Australia and was educated there at the School of Mines and the University of Adelaide. He excelled academically with strong results in all subjects. He commenced with the Postmaster-General's Department in the usual way as a telegraph messenger. He transferred to Melbourne about 1920 for promotion within the PMGD, concluding there in 1930 as Superintendent of Telegraphs. Another transfer to Sydney occurred in 1931 for a further promotion within the PMGD. In 1946 he transferred to Brisbane as Deputy Director of Posts and Telegraphs, Queensland, a position formerly held by James Joseph Malone.

A comprehensive biography of Frank Randell Bradley has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:

 * Transcriptions and Notes - Frank Randell Bradley - More than 270 transcriptions and notes

 * Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Frank Randell Bradley - Nothing uploaded as yet

 * Bradley's 1934 article on the History of the Electric Telegraph in Australia - Essentially complete excepting formatting

 * Work-in-progress of Wikipedia Article - Just started

In the National Library of Australia's Trove website, more than 300 articles have been tagged as "3ZK-2JB - Frank Randell Bradley" (search publictag:3ZK-2JB - Frank Randell Bradley)

A search in Trove on "F. R. Bradley" identifies more than one thousand articles, the majority of which refer to Frank Randell Bradley, those tagged to date are a quick review to identify the most important for this Wikibook