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Transportation Deployment Casebook/2022/Manitoba

Overview
Streetcar, or in synonyms form Trolley or Tram, is a type of public transport vehicle runs on the track laid on the street, and usually driven by electric motors inside the vehicle. As one of the most historic mode of transport in history, Streetcar was once popular in late 19th century and early to mid 20th century in most major cities around the world. Streetcar is now in decline due to lifestyle changing of people and progressive in transport technology. However, small number of streetcar routes in some major cities are still preserved and transformed to cultural heritage and tourist attraction in today's world. Streetcar is also the ancestor of Light Rail Transit (LRT) system, a new type of transport that is now highly anticipated.

History of Streetcar
The most early known mode of transport similar to streetcar appeared in late 17th century's France, while famous French mathematician Blasie Pascal acquired royal franchise monopoly from the King Louis XIV to operate Carrosses à cinq sols ("Five-sol coaches" in French), a type of coach carrying 6-8 passengers and driven by seven horses, along 5 regular routes in Paris. However, Carrosses à cinq sols at that time was designed to serve Upper classes and still unaffordable for most ordinary citizens and peasants in Paris. During 1820-1860, coaches close to modern sense of streetcar appeared in many major cities in England and United States. However, the term of streetcar at that time is horse-drawn power and not always ran on tracks laid on the street.

Until 1834, Thomas Davenport, a U.S. blacksmith built a small battery powered electric motor and install it on a small vehicle ran on the track. After the invention of generator, the modern term of streetcar which applies overhead electrified wires along streetcar track lines to transmit power firstly appeared in 1862's Salford and 1865's Liverpool in Britain. The adoption of streetcar then spread around the world and became the most popular municipal mode of transport in many major cities in Britain, Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the whole late 19th century to early to mid 20th century. Streetcar finally declined after First World War because of development and popularization of automobile, the roles of streetcar were replaced by bus in many cities and only few streetcar systems survive worldwide nowadays.

Birthing Phase (1870-1900)
Before electric streetcar, the North-West Omnibus Company already operated stagecoach services connecting Winnipeg, the major city in Manitoba, with a historic railway station in St. Boniface since 1878. But the first horse-drawn streetcar ran on track in Winnipeg appeared in 1882, which operated by Winnipeg Street Railway Company owned by Albert W. Austin, connecting Main Street between the Upper Fort Garry site and the new City Hall at William Avenue. Austin's streetcar company also later tested its first electric streetcar in 1891. However, the first in service electric streetcar was operated by a newly established rival company, Winnipeg Electric Street Railway Company, on July 26, 1892.

After several purchases and merges, Winnipeg Electric Street Railway Company became the biggest provider of streetcar service in Winnipeg since late 19th century. In 1898, Winnipeg Electric Street Railway operated 17 miles (27.36 km) of electrified streetcar line with 4 ft 8.5 in (1,435 mm) gauge, and owned 18 trail cars and 25 motor cars and 1,000 H.P. station powerplant.

Growth Phase (1900-1910)
The total track length of streetcar system in Winnipeg roughly remained unchanged until 1904, Winnipeg Electric Street Railway changed its name to Winnipeg Electric Railway and began its ambitious expansion period. In 1906, Winnipeg Electric Railway first time recorded its annual passenger carried, which 9,504,051 in 1904 and 13,081,249 in 1905, and its total track length of streetcar system achieved 37 miles (59.55 km), nearly double as many as 1898. In 1910, total track length of streetcar system of Winnipeg Electric Railway reached 64.5 miles (103.80 km) and annual passenger carried in 1909 recorded as 26,382,773, which nearly twice as many as 1905. Besides of Winnipeg Electric Railway as the largest streetcar service provider in Winnipeg, two of other smaller scale streetcar operator newly established in this period also provided minor scale electric railway service in the city. The Winnipeg, Selkirk and Lake Winnipeg Railway Company established in May 25, 1908, provided streetcar service from North Winnipeg to West Selkirk and the west shore of Lake Winnipeg. The Suburban Rapid Transit Company offered electric railway service from West Winnipeg on both sides of the Assiniboine River to Headingley since December 2, 1903. In 1910, Winnipeg, Selkirk and Lake Winnipeg Railway owned 21 miles (33.8 km) tracks and a 12 cars fleet, and Suburban Rapid Transit owned 19 miles (30.58 km) tracks.

Mature Phase (1910-1930)
1910-1920 was the golden era of streetcar in Manitoba's transport history. In Winnipeg, three electric railway corporations both reached the peak of its historical achievement. In 1913 the year before World War I, WInnipeg Electric Railway owned 86.878 miles (139.82 km), which nearly seventh times as many as 1904, and carried 51,106,017 passengers in 1912, which nearly fourth times as many as 1905. Even after the end of First World War, growth of both three electric railway company in Winnipeg achieved the highest peak of their historical records in 1919. In 1919, Winnipeg Electric Railway owned 172.6 miles (277.77 km) tracks, which nearly twice as many as 1913 before the war, and a totally 353 cars fleet. Winnipeg, Selkirk and Lake Winnipeg Railway owned 40 miles (64.37 km) tracks, which nearly twice as many as 1910, and a totally 36 cars fleet in 1919. Suburban Rapid Transit also owns 20.31 miles (32.69 km) tracks and a 10 cars fleet mostly rent from Winnipeg Electric Railway at the same year.

Streetcar service was also available in Brandon, the second major city of Manitoba in this era, when Brandon Municipal Railway was established in June 2, 1913. In 1919, Brandon Municipal Railway in Brandon owned 10.31 miles (16.59 km) tracks and a totally 20 cars fleet.

After 1920 and before 1930, the growth of streetcar system in the whole Manitoba was stagnated, but streetcar was still the major municipal transport in both cities of Winnipeg and Brandon in Manitoba.

Decline Phase (1930-present)
Since 1930, streetcar service in Manitoba started to declined like most similar system around the major cities worldwide. Brandon was the first city in Manitoba to abandon streetcar system in April 30, 1932 and then replaced by motor bus service owned by MacArthur Transportation Company in July 4 at the same year. In 1938, electric railway companies in Winnipeg made a decision to gradually convert their interurban streetcar lines to motor bus service, and the last streetcar in Winnipeg region was operated as a farewell ceremony in 1955, which announces the end of streetcar era in Manitoba and their role was replaced by motor bus until present.

Quantitative Analysis for Manitoba, Canada
All the data of passenger carried and track length about the streetcar system in Manitoba was collected from McGraw Electric Manual: The Red Book of American Street Railway Investment from 1898-1920. To estimate the life-cycle of the streetcar system in Manitoba, Canada, research require to use observed data (status (length of system) vs. time), identify the periods of birthing, growth, maturity and decline.

Use the data to estimate a three-parameter logistic function:

S(t) = Smax/[1+exp(-b(t-ti)]

where:

 * S(t) is the status measure,  (e.g. Passenger-km traveled)
 * t is time (usually in years),
 * ti is the inflection time (year in which 1/2 Smax is achieved),
 * Smax is saturation status level, (Choose the maximum length of the streetcar system that you have recorded in the data).
 * b is a coefficient to be estimated.

A single variable linear regression simply estimates the coefficients c and b in a  model of the form:

Y = bX + c

The question is then, what is y (dependent variable) and what is x (independent variable)

In the spreadsheet, it expresses as:

Y=ln(Passengers/(Smax-Passengers))

X=Year

Winnipeg

Overall, both prediction for both total track length and passenger carried in Winnipeg are quite accurate. However, we don't have enough actual historical data after 1920, so it may affect the accuracy the the prediction curve. Especially the curve shows the inflection time is 1911 or 1914, but actually in the real history, the streetcar system in Winnipeg declined since 1930.

Brandon
Compared to results in Winnipeg, the model in Brandon might be the less accurate one because we only have very limited information about the data of streetcar in Brandon. If we can have more information in Brandon after 1920, this curve might be more accurate.


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. b3

Sicilian Defense: French Variation, Westerinen Attack. This opening has some very interesting ideas.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User:Xs zhang6

Hi! I'm interested in contributing to historiography and interwar history sections in Wikibooks.

title: User:Xs zhang6


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World War II/Atomic bomb

On the 16th of July 1945, the first-ever nuclear bomb was detonated in New Mexico—launching humanity into the Atomic Age. Three weeks after, two atomic bombs would be dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Japan would offer a conditional surrender on the 10th of August. The only condition was that their emperor would stay as head of state.

Harry Truman ordered an immediate halt to the atomic attacks, of which multiple more were planned, following Japan’s peace negotiations. On August 12, they accepted the offer, provided that the emperor was strictly a ceremonial title. Japan was unsure as to whether to accept on these terms. The US, growing increasingly impatient, resumed air strikes against Japan on the 13th of August. Later that day, Japan would surrender on Allied terms, with Emperor Hirohito saying that “I have concluded that continuing the war can only mean destruction for the nation and a prolongation of bloodshed and cruelty in the world. I cannot bear to see my innocent people suffer any longer!"

The impact of the atomic bombs on the war cannot be understated. While it did not specifically affect Australia more than any other nation, it had widespread ramifications for the western world’s relationships to the Soviet Union, and sped up the development of the Cold War, which would last four decades and change America’s political spectrum. Similarly, the historiography of the atomic bombs would affect cultural perceptions of both the United States and the western world at large (given revisionism’s harsh criticisms of the Allies’ actions). As a direct result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan offered an unconditional surrender, officially ending World War II.

Historiography
The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki remains one of the most controversial decisions in US foreign policy today. Debate has raged among historians on the morality of the atomic bombs– in particular, if it was entirely necessary for the Allies to bomb Japan to secure a victory. Germany had already surrendered in May of 1945, Italy surrendered in 1943; only Japan was left, and defeat was clearly imminent. As a result, three schools of thought have been created surrounding the atomic bombs: Orthodox/traditionalists, revisionists and ‘consensus’ historians.

Orthodox historians agree with the stance posited by President Truman—the atomic bomb was necessary for the ending of the war. Revisionists are critical of this, instead seeing the dropping of the bombs as a tactical anti-Soviet move that sped up the development of the Cold War. Much of the revisionist stance is based around Gar Alperovitz’s 1965 concept of ‘atomic diplomacy’. Meanwhile, ‘consensus’ historians seek to find a middle ground between the two interpretations, arguing that while the Truman administration would have been well-aware of less destructive methods to end the war, but reject the notion of ‘atomic diplomacy’.

Orthodox perspectives
Traditionalist views on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki agree with the story put forward by President Harry Truman and other influential members of his cabinet— dropping the bombs was not only the correct choice but was fundamentally necessary to end the war. Furthermore, without the atomic bombs, traditionalists argue that more lives would have been lost—an invasion of Japan would have been necessary to secure an Allied victory, leading to the loss of hundreds of thousands, if not millions of lives. Central to the Orthodox historian’s point is the rejection of ‘atomic diplomacy’—traditionalists reject the view that the atomic bombs were dropped by the United States to assert control over the Soviet Union or maintain control in their relationships with Asia. Orthodox historian Michael D Gordin ultimately summarises the orthodox view by writing that “it is no less obvious that the military (ending the war quickly) drove the diplomatic (not pressuring the Soviet Union until the war is over)”.

Revisionist perspectives
The revisionist approach to the atomic bombs is far more critical of Truman’s decision and is closely linked to the revisionist view of the Cold War. It operates on a few central tenets:

 * 1) Japan had already been defeated by the time the bombs were dropped; all of its’ allies had surrendered by May of 1945. Historian Kenneth B Pyle writes “Why drop the bomb if Japan was on the verge of surrender?”
 * 2) Using the atomic bomb was not Truman’s only choice for ending the war and was largely unnecessary; see point 3.
 * 3) The casualty figures of an invasion of Japan that would have occurred if the bombs were not dropped were largely overstated by the Truman administration.
 * 4) The United States bombed Japan to threaten the USSR and limit the Soviets’ influence in Asia, hopefully stopping the spread of Communism.

Of these, point 4 is most central to revisionism and was named ‘atomic diplomacy’ by historian Gar Alperovitz in 1965. Revisionists saw the bombing of Japan as part of a larger pattern; Truman’s refusal to cooperate with the USSR. Truman’s primary motivation for bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki was to prevent the Soviets from exerting influence over the region and spreading Communism. Furthermore, Eisenhower, MacArthur and Admiral Leahy (Truman’s chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) all opposed the bomb’s use, with Leahy writing that “the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan [...] My own feeling is that in being the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages.”

title: World War II/Atomic bomb


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User talk:Ronielson Morais da Silva Pacheco

--Xania   talk 03:49, 16 March 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/2022/March

Hi
It's me! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 09:19, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Hello I still have no idea how this thing works lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 09:22, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It took me a while to learn too! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 09:28, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Very interesting Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 09:31, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I'll teach you around, but it's so slow with splatoon playing! For me at least. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 09:39, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Check my talkpage (Press "Roar at me") for tips. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 09:55, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Alright Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 09:59, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry for my absence of playing. I've been editing a book I started. About a Game Engine I use. Also, that's a mean thing to say about yourself on your userpage! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 11:05, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Ahh ok and im just joking over myself lol I do that all the time yk Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 11:12, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, that's fine. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 11:21, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * You might struggle to get back in, I'm in the popular group at the moment... L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 11:37, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Im backkkk Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 12:06, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Now I'm eating! Also, this talk page is getting pretty full! On Monday, is it OK if I create something that automatically clear old messages? And maybe we create a new section for every day we chat? L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 12:59, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Sure that would be helpfull! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 13:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * If you want to get my attention fast (or the attention of another user, use @User: . This will ping them and get their attention. Just thought that would be useful. You do not need to ping a user on their own talkpage, however. They are automatically notified. You can also set an e-mail address to be notified via e-mail at Special:Preferences. It shouldn't be your main e-mail address, however. At preferences, you can do much more, including changing your signature. Mine is: L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched because it references lions. You must include a link to your userpage and talkpage if you check the "Treat as wiki markup" option. Btw, Im gonna beat the final boss with every weapon now. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 14:02, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Would ya believe it!? 5:25 with daulies with lots of practice, 5:29 with an oversize paintbrush the first time! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 14:13, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ only had 3 weapons left anyway! I got a crusty xp ticket thingymo-bob as a reward. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 14:41, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Thanks for the Tips and congrats! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:27, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

@User: like this? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:32, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

This is really confusing for me lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:32, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Is this the only way ur able to chat? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:33, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

@User: Does this work now or is it still wrong.. Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh well Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

 * 1) Your signature shouldn't be indented with a space.
 * 2) Use @User: . Also replace the "<" and ">". Just my username, not my whole signature. Also, I can't use e-mail.
 * 3) This is the only way we can chat, sadly.
 * 4) It gets easier over time. Trust me on this. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 17:07, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

@User:L10nM4st3r Okay it's fine, im just a little confused you know Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:10, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * That's how it's done. Probably no need to ping me in the future unless it's urgant, I have "watched" this page. Any edits I will see. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 17:14, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Ohh okay Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:15, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * See Using Wikibooks for more help - if you feel like contributing to Wikibooks while you're here. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 17:30, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Yup I will look through thanks Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:52, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, can't play with you yet, I'm eating. Curry! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 18:16, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I'm going for a number 2. Also, I have an idea. Maybe we could spice up your userpage. Currently, it uses only plain text. With a bit of help, I may be able to create something for it. Like userboxes. I don't have access to the female sign, but you seem to, so we could create a Template:User female userbox. If you want one. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 19:02, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

That's kind but I dont think I need them because I think I will use this thing only to chat with u,also I had dinner some minutes ago so if u wanna play splatoon tell me :] Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:18, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) I'm back! We edited at the same time! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 19:21, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sry, gotta do my jobs now... L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 20:01, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

It's fine see ya Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 20:05, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Right, I'm back. If you need me, please ping me. I'm gonna be busy tonight. I said I would setup that thing on monday, but I'll try to do it now. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 20:36, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅. Now I'll add it to my talkpage! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 21:10, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

It's a little later for me here so I'm gonna go sleep thanks for the help,see ya tomorrow I think Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 21:30, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Goodnight. I understand, 1 hour ahead of me (I am in the UTC timezone, if you want to confirm this) L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 21:44, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Organized archiver
I have updated the archive code. It will now sort the "deleted" conversations by month and year. An example path would be User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/2022/March. Is this good? L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 07:26, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

I dont know what you actually did but thats very good! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 09:59, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Not much. Probably took 5 minutes after I figured out what to do. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 10:04, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Amazing Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 11:49, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * When your dream-job includes programming 77% of the day, you get really good at this stuff. I can't help but learn fast at this stuff. I just see some code, write it somewhere, and find that I write it 10 times a day only 3 days later, and learn it off-by-heart without realizing... Until sombody says it's amazing and I remember not everyone can program. L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 12:19, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Yes, in my eyes its very impressive Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 12:39, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Is this impressive: I can beat a games storymode with ease. But I can't even land a hit when I go to the multiplayer mode.. Unless I made it? Not to me. I seem better at making games, but not playing sombody else's game... Odd. Oh, Minecraft is the exeption to the rule. The only thing that got me down was that hole in the bridge. A damned hole! L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 13:16, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

But the fact that u can create a game is impressive to me lol and I can't do both of creating or playing good so I can get easy impressed I think but I like that still Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 13:43, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Is it OK if I leave a list of things for me to do tomorrow so I don't forget? Thanks!

 * (check source code for list)

 * It will be quite hard as all of the above will need new gameplay elements. From AI, more AI, lots of new art and attack behaviour and an extensive amount of code to stop players wasting items thinking they are making their weapon stronger when they are, in fact, not (when their weapon reaches the maximum cap of a stat). L10nM4st3r Roar at me/what my paws scratched 16:03, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Seems complicate, good luck with that Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:44, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Almost done
Only got the fire hurricane attack and the runes left. But I want your idea on something. Runes are unlocked very late-game, and increase your weapons stats. The fire rune will burn enemies, the lightning rune may strike nearby enemis with lightning, the magic rune summons a beam of power when attached to swords, and increases the attack of magical items. All these runes are combined into a weapon or tool or armour. Any more ideas on more runes? Anything at all. Fire cats, rainbow bunnies, anything that you can think of that would look cool and make combat easier. Except those two. They're already taken. By me. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 12:23, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Sounds good! Sorry for the late reply, just got home from school and I need to do my homework first but after i can think of any idea for your (game right?) Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:23, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, game. And I assumed you would be at shool! I'm always at school! My home is my school. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 16:03, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

As long as u like homeschool its good!I tried think of any idea but my head feels kinda empty right now, probably to much school stuff making my brain going to go offline lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:29, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Homeshool has its upsides and downsides. Lack of bullies, but also few (2, including you) friends. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 16:35, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

May I ask why you got bullied? I understand if u don't wanna say but I'm curiousEinschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:15, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, one reason is I have autism, which makes me behave "differently" than normal people. Or did. And when they bullied me, I tended to retaliate. Honestly, I have no idea why I wasn't kicked from school.. Now I'm away from them, I feel much more chill. Havent lost my temper or hit anyone in a while. It feels good to know piece. So good, I don't want to go back to school. I understand that some people like school, but I am not one of them. The teachers just watched me almost get strangled by, what, 10 young kids when I was in year 6 in after-shool club. I will never foget that. I even hit a kid in the back in the blind-rage that followed. One who wasn't even involved. Really hard. Apparently, I could have kiled him! I blame the teachers really. Not stopping te others who were involved until it got that far. I swear on my life, when I looked for a nearby adult, she just watched as I was trapped and unable to move towards them! That memory makes me so angry, I would prefer not tell it in more detail. And secondary shool was worse! In words, not actions. And that got me so unbelievably mad, every time I went home I had a meltdown! Oh, I was also chased home many times. Even after I was told to stay in for 20 extra minutes than everybody else, I still get chased home occasionally. Once, they even surrounded me, but I ran through a gap in between them. And they stoped at a certain point. Always. Like they know where I live and don't want to get caught. That is why I hate school. If school only had nice (or at least neutral) people, I would have loved it. But it didn't. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 18:12, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh shit im so sorry for you, I cant believe how people can do such things :0 I hope u can stay safe! I actually could wrote more but I dont know how to translate that into english you know but your story is really unbelievable Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:58, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yea... But I guess leaving then ment that I a) Got a switch, b) Met you, c) More chill, d) Started making a game that I am proud of. I don't know how my life would be now if it weren't for me leaving. Oh, my other friend I spoke of, I wouldn't have met him either. My whole life seems to revolve around them making me wanna leave. For that I am grateful. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 19:08, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Some things are just ment to Happen I life, no matter if its bad or good.Anyways im glad I met you too!Its pretty fun talking and playing with u Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:16, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed! L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 19:20, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I just thought of something! They would have thought me leaving was because of them, and they must think they ruined my life. If I ever meet my secondary school bullies again, I actually want to thank them! Tell them that they helped to make my life better, not worse. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched20:17, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh my thats actually smart Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 20:29, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Well I need to sleep again,lets talk tomorrow again! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 20:31, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Fixed archive
Fixed an issue, and made messages 2 days old disappear. It should work now. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 08:05, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Great! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 12:41, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, and this is a first for me, I am so proud, I made a custom css file (A file that changes the layout of webpages) in wikibooks! It's very simple, only hiding a button. But that's all I need right now. To hide buttons I never use. I'm still learning, but I'll customize my wiki experience to make it easier and more fun. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 14:58, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Great to hear that ur doing things u love/like! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:26, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * In addition, I no longer need to double tap the screen to zoom in. I use the desktop view as it has more power and customization, but it has (or used to have) too many buttons at the top that make the screen far too wide. Also, the mobile view didn't work on my Kindle, but the desktop one does (when using a different "skin" than the default. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 16:53, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

I dont really know what that means but congrats I guess lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:28, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Ahhh I know its unnecessary but I'm dying at maths right now why does it need to be so hard whaaaa Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:22, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Never mind I finally got it ready now Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:13, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Also I might text back later tomorrow because Im going to go shopping with a friend! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 20:30, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry I'm late to respond. I was... Wait... What!? At this time of night!? L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 22:24, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

No hahaha I will go today so I might not Respond if u would text me! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 05:50, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Continuing on
Ahhh, OK. So that auto archiver is hard to setup! I'm gonna have another look to see what I can do to see if I can fix it this time. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 07:35, 16 March 2022 (UTC) Ohhh, would you look at that! See here for our first discussions! -edit: lemme fix that link... -edit: Fixed. I put 2020 instead of 2022, lol L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 12:08, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Amazingggg Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 13:06, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I also have great news on my game!

 * 1) Greatly improved performance
 * 2) Made all objects (Dropped items and throwables - which are bombs and snowballs, found at Christmas that last one is) all share the same light level as the environment, so they don't appear to glow-in-the-dark
 * 3) Guns and bows now actually appear in your hand when you shoot
 * 4) Using bows and guns in short bursts are fine, but they become quite inaccurate in long bursts
 * 5) Fixed possibly 4 bugs and 5 crashes, mostly to do with light, including these funny ones:
 * 6) At a long distance from a light source, it actually got darker than if the light source wasn't there
 * 7) Light sources correctly fade-out in all 4 directions. Yesterday, it would just suddenly go dark when going left, left-up or down.
 * 8) A crash where an enemy somehow set it's target as the game world (and not a friendly creature or the player), and crashed if another monster or creature got too close to it
 * 9) Fixed a bug I had for a while: enemies you mind-controlled will now attack other enemies on purpose, not only if attacked themselves. I found the code that caused it by accident (It was set to target "monsters", when monster were renamed too "enemy").
 * 10) Fixed a minor issue that ment the dragon could only attack the player (It's an old mob. Fixed it as I added an attack to it)
 * 11) Added the fire hurricane attack the dragon can use. It is formidable.
 * Still to do: decrease game resolution, decrease stutter (where did that renderer setting go again?) and add more customization options (This also means I can make NPCs more randomized). Oh, and those runes I talked about. And make bombs have a wire that burns away before exploding. Finally, make explosions look nicer. Then playtest it again looking for bugs. The fact that I'm in this stage means that It's nearly done! I can't wait to release it, but I need to make it good so that dad will allow that. It already plays good. Only the graphics are bad. But that is changing. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 15:45, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Oh, I also made it so enemies hit you every half a second you remain inside them. This stops you staying inside one and avoiding damage. Also, if more than 60 dropped items spawn, the first one now despawns (this is called pooling), instead of despawning in 2 munites. This is good as if you die, you have all the time in the world to get your stuff as long as you kill nothing and mine nothing! And you can close the world, come back in, and the items remain, and now so do bombs (to make it harder to cheat) L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 16:48, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Thats so much stuff and still impressive.Since when are u working on your game? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:58, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Im happy right now because I finally got a Parfum I was looking for a long time and I don't know why im telling you about this but probably because I dont know who to tell lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:00, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

I also finally understood my math homework now but I got an math test back and I got a (4 in german) D, I think its called right? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:02, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by "since when are you working on your game"? It's spelt perfume, and congrats! (You could also tell your cat... Not that he/she will understand you ;).) If 4 is fourth best, probably is a D... But I have no knowledge of ABCDEF grading whatsoever (exept for the letters), so I can't be certain. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 19:18, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't know why, but I feel as if I would get a D or worse... L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 19:27, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Ah right I spelled perfume in german again.. and I mean you are working on your game right? And wanted to know when you first started working on it Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:41, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

And yeah it's 4 best but actually its more bad than good Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:43, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Not certain. I have known my other friend for 3 years, and that (slowly) led to making my game. I started in a terrible app called "Scratch", but that app is shit. Then my dad showed me Godot (See my book for more) maybe a year later and I started experimenting. And brainstorming for awesome ideas (The current one is fine-grained over 2-3 years). A few months [later], the [my] first proper game started development, originally as a Minecraft 2D clone. But after deciding it would fit greatly with an original story me and my friend made up that was set in 3033... I mean, It's always 3033 somewhere in my game. When this universe and this timeline reaches 3033, that is when my games are set. Probably a year ago the Godot version started... maybe... If you want to know more about the games story, tell me. I'll be happy to tell. I'm really proud of it! L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 20:13, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

As you should!I would like to hear more stuff about it Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 20:24, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

 * This may get long... :|
 * Name: Doom of the Multiverse
 * Number of universes: ??¡ERROR!¿¿ NOT A NUMBER!
 * A long time ago, in nothingness stood a single creature. It had no name, no gender, no memories. All it knew was it could make things by snapping his fingers. It did. It created an egg. It hatched sometime later, but all that was inside was a corpse. A corpse of a strange creature later named a "Dinosaur". So it created something bigger. Much bigger. On Monday it... Wait, wrong myth. It snapped it's fingers and set a new record: the smallest explosion ever! So small, it couldn't even be seen... Until a millionth of a second later, it grew. You know the story. It grew and grew forever and forever until one day you were born.
 * Many more so-called "universes" were formed, thus the "multiverse" began. Every million years, 99 new universes were made all at once. This creature called itself "Prisona" and chose to classify itself a male. One day, he grew bored and made his greatest mistake: Sorapan.
 * Sorapan started good and helped around, keeping everything in balance. But one day, he changed. Sorapan had a frightening idea. He realized that time "loops". Once time reaches a certain point, it resets. In fear that would happen to him, he created a "lovely" place where there is no-such thing as "time".
 * Then he turned dark. He had broken a law of reality, and as a result, Prisona intervened. He threatened to destroy the universe Sorapan had created and imprison him in the void as punishment. However, Prisona was defeated and imprisoned by Sorapan. Sorapan decided to destroy Prisona's universes and make a timeless multiverse in anger and revenge for his attempt to destroy Sorapan's "hard work".
 * Thus, that is how the Doom of the Multiverse begins.
 * That is the official backstory. I will not reveal the game story, however. You need to play the game and figure it out yourself. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 21:17, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Sounds really interesting Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 05:50, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

My day has been so.. I dont even know how to describe itI just put my earring out and found out that there's some kind of pimple on the earrring hole and it's bleeding and hurting :I And school was soo boring and all my friends are just talking about boys at my school and how cute they are and I hate that because that's literally the only thing they talk about and then I wrote an English vocabulary test and I don't know if I messed it up and later when I drove with the bus home I felt like some girls were talking bad about my hair because I got a new haircut and it's short and I don't even like it but I hate the feeling that everyone is judging me for it and now I just want the day to end and I didn't wanted to bother u or some but I just feel like telling anyone u know just writing this makes me feel better maybe I should get like kind of a online diary uhh I don't know Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 14:22, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Everybody has tough days
I might as well just say: this new section continues from the last. An online diary might work, but just remember: This is a wiki. Everything we write, anybody can read it. In fact, I feel as though somebody already has (or currently is). I wouldn't lead you here if it wasn't the only way we could chat. But anything is better than inking out messages in Splatoon... Btw, your school sounds rather boring ;). I mean, the same thing every day!? How dull. Then again, who am I to speak. All I do is make games. Or play them. Or play with my brother. Or eat. Or read. Or write. Actually, that's quite a lot. I hope your okay, and my opinion has never been somebody's visual appearance defines them. I get it, you have no other way to get it cut with covid around so you cut it at home and it gets too short, right? Also, I noticed you stole my straight face :|, but that's fine :). The worst that happened to me today was that I bit into a strawberry and a seed got stuck in my gums and hurts. And not that much, either. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 17:33, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

I dont know why but I like your kind of writing! And yeahh schools bring but my school does good things like I think last week we started putting on every window peace doves (i dont know if thats the right name) coloured like the Ukraine flag and we have every week some kind of event and sing song about peace or stuff like that and soon there will be students from the Ukraine at our school. We also had a fundraiser and send it to the people in the Ukraine. I'm glad that my schools does these kind of things but still it's not a place here to feel comfortable around all these people from my perspective. Uhh anyways I'm watching the sunset right now, the sky here looks pink and purple. I love that time of the day but sadly it passes so quickly. And yeah I'm fine again I think, what about you, how has your day been? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:08, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Btw sorry if some words aren't typed like they should, my autocorrect always trys to correct me Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:10, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yea, my day has been fine. Exept for the strawberry incident. I did only 3 things to my game, but they were hard. Decreasing resolution means the writing looks more pixelated and I have to test it to make sure everything can still be read. Decreasing the resolution actually made the game look better, and vastly increased performance. Considering that my computer is really old, and it runs at a stable 53 frames per second, and when I "export" my game, it will run even faster, I think performance is no-longer too much of an issue. I also made it so mobs can no-longer spawn in a building with a roof. Finally, I fixed some bugs to do with arrow flight. It looked really unnatural before. My plan for tomorrow: make explosions look better, make bombs have that "burning string" thingy, and optimize enemys. You can have 60 safely, but I want more if possible. Anyways, if it helps with performance... Even if it doesn't, it helped me fix a bug, who knows, I might fix another (So I remember: 100 enemies with 267 millisecond frame time). Also, the game uses less memory and loads faster. My street's orientation makes it hard to appreciate the sunset. So many (ugly) houses in the way. Also, I think Russia is harsh. According to my mum, what they want is a fucking city. They have enough. What greedy-guts. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 19:06, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

I agree with that, a solution to this is the death of putin but I think that's not the most possible thing at the moment. And I'm sorry that your house is maybe not located well for sunsets but you can still see it right? I still don't understand all that game stuff but sounds like you are some steps closer of finishing it Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:22, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I have reworded my last message a little, even though I think you understood it anyway ;). I just read it and it sounded a bit confusing to me. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 21:18, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Ahh alright now I understand a little more! What things do u still need to do? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:23, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

New game
I may answer late as I am playing a new game, Monster Hunter Rise. Today, I sorted out explosions and a knockback bug. And tried to fix tooltips. Currently, they can go over the edge of the screen. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 16:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Nixee Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Nice* Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

I dont know how to edit so dont mind my typos:^) Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Unnecessary but I dont care😎 These are my favorite mobile games at the moment:

Hatsune miku:colorful stage (I live it soo much ahh the songs are good and I even have a playlist for them on Spotify hehe)

Genshin impact (But I don't play really soo much at the moment)

Sky:Children of the light (Its soo adorable and the people are so kind)

Identity V (Pretty cool hunter/survivor game but I dont play it that much at the moment)

Hmm yeah that's all :D

Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 17:42, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I can't play mobile games :(. My kindle is for books. I remember a funny one I had a long while ago on a tablet. where you controled a cat and wrecked havoc on gardens, tv rooms, bedrooms and other rooms, as well as a supermarket and a restaurant. My 3 most fave things in it that I remember: If you break the tv, the guy watching it would throw a table into the air (in an unnatural but funny way) and leaves (I dunno how to spell it, he leaves, not he throws leaves). If you ruin the barbeque in that garden of the first house, the guy by it throws his spatula into the air! If you go into the bedroom of the second house and throw a vase at the sleeping dog, it starts chasing you. When that happened, I got so scared. That didn't stop me waking him up, however. Although, there was a crazy bug. If you try to enter a locked area, you have the option to play the previous area... Even if you haven't unlocked that area either. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 20:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I thout Sky: Children of the light was a switch game. Is it on both switch and mobile? L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 20:50, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Sounds fun! And yeah sky is for switch and mobile :^) Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 22:45, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

I dont know why but mobile games have something that I like but I dont know what lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 22:46, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Short game, or I rushed through it
I beat the final boss... With a throwing knife. Just chipped away at it's health bit by bit. It's strange to have a crazy reaction for something so small! But I'm gonna try to completly finish it, get the best gear and try out those super-hard hub quests. I feel as though the game just gives you everything you need from the start in terms of materials (including 50 eggs made of gold that in total sell for 100000 money. More than enough.), which I found odd. I did enjoy the big fights, though. And the need to chase the larger enemies when they take a certain amount of damage gives you a break to eat, restore health or gather items, which most games don't let you do. In those games, you must prepare before the fight, or not at all. Overall, I think there are some flaws, but every game has flaws. But there are also bits done really well. Like the ability to take a picture of a monster for your album before or after you kill it. Something to work towards: get a picture off all the monsters, good and bad. I decided I wanted a picture of the final boss, so took one right before it noticed me. I doubt I have finished it, though. I'll see what else there is to do tomorrow. But right now, I gotta do my jobs. L10nM4st3r- Roar at me /what my paws scratched 20:26, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

Sounds fun is it about the new game you started? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 11:35, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes. Turns out I only scratched the surface of the game. Theres multiplayer, and it gives many rewards. And I think all the items came with some DLC or something. Let's get cracking! Also, I found my fave two weapons: the light bowgun, a medieval version of a modern gun (exept it's massive. I like it for it's ranged ability, and powerful melee strike when in need.) and dual blades (weak but fast, my kinda style!). It took me a while to get used to switching my ammo, but now I can do it in the heat of battle without risking my life. But eating is still too dangerous to do in battle. And the multiplayer mode is so hard! It takes 4 people 15 minutes to kill a large monster! And when it's less than 4 people... I'll try learning how to capture a large monster at some point. It's a shame I won't be able to use it in combat. But then again, if it goes on a rampage (not the "rampage" gamemode), it won't be easy to beat it!  L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 20:18, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Oh my! So, you know my game? I just had a killer idea! Literally! It will take ages to implement, but it is that sort of thing that makes or breaks a game! The loading system of the game is silly. It takes ages to load or save, and if/when I add multiplayer to the game, this idea will make that time soo much more pleasant. The advantages of this will be:

 * 1) Worlds load and save faster
 * 2) Multiplayer will be easier to implement
 * 3) The game itself loads faster and uses much less memory
 * 4) Updates to the game are much less likely to break your worlds
 * And possibly more besides. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 21:07, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

I underestimated the difficulty
I have had luck so far... Until now. The game's collision detection is terribly slow when breaking blocks. So, my new plan will be... To not use collision at all! I will "fake" collision detection. I did it in Scratch, I can do it again in Godot. I have a lot of work to do. And this is only the first stage of the new save/load system! L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 11:08, 21 March 2022 (UTC) Yea... So I broke my game trying to do this, and it just would not work. I can't see the code that says to do what it does, so instead, I will not do it. It is wasting my time and is far too hard. Not worth it. So I restored my old version, that does work, and I want a break before I try anything like that again. It was so frustrating, it just wasn't worth it. What I learned today: It works, so keep it as it is before you break something you can't fix. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 13:11, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Well but you tried it and now you know that it doesn't work so you still learned something Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:48, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Today we had chemistry and we almost all destroyed our test tubes because we all got the experiment wrong but surprisingly our teacher wasn't mad.It was still fun and I finally understood what "endothermic" and "exothermic" means 😎 Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:56, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sounds like something I wouldn't want to do! Destroying test tubes, but a slip of a finger (or an idiot in my school before I left) and it's a destroyed hand... If there's a hand left at all. That idiot I mentioned puts pens in his mouth. I swear, every day, he would leave the classroom with a mouthful of ink, and yet another pen would be thrown into the bin. I don't want too see somebody's hand just... Dissolve! I'm assuming your experiment included dangerous chemicals if it almost destroyed your test tubes. Also, my new game I'm playing, it seems the multiplayer mode gives a whole new story! And crazy powered-up weapons and armor. And another way to upgrade them. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 20:17, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, my brother (who is only a todler) called me "Dramran" today. What's a "Dramran"? L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 20:19, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

I mean actually they broke but not everyones test tubes and it wasn't really dangerous it was just a chemical reaction.IM SORRY WHAT? MOUTHFUL OF INK?Who would even think of something to do like that? And sounds really cool that the game has its own story for the multi-player mode! Dramran sounds funny and I don't know why but the word reminds me of dragon.. Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 21:12, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Only idiots. Not a different story, just kicks up where singleplayer left off, but with a new enemy it seems. An "Elder dragon". Looking forward to slaying that one too. Probably gonna want that super-gear I mentioned. The first 3 letters and the last one of both "Dramran" and "Dragon" match. Maybe that's it. But it's also close to my real name, but only if you know it! I remember telling you in Splatoon, so you could find the similarities in pronunciation. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 21:57, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Crazy runes
I have added a rune to my game. A super-powerful lightning rune! Now I just gotta test it, and sort out tooltips still... L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 09:30, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

I just tried to kill the dragon boss without armour. It killed me in 1 hit! I remember swearing a hundred times trying to do so! So I'm gonna make it despawn if it kills you so it doesn't kill you again and again, and it respawns every few nights until killed. It was so merciless, it's not even funny. And yea, lightning works really well... But not against something with fifty thousand health! L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 11:12, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Well, ten thousand. Still a lot, though. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 11:13, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

I couldn't see an enemy hiding in the dark, and I jumped when I got hit! It turned out to just be a slime, but geez, that scared me! Lol. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 12:00, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh wow seems like you already did so much today all I did was nearly falling asleep in school lol Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 13:44, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I just went for a walk. Just walking. Not going anywhere or for any particular reason. With my mom, brother and that one kid we're looking after right now. He kept on going off in his scooter, I swear I swore on that last bit on the way home. I swear he would have carried on going past our house and past the end of our street and found himself lost. Good job I'm faster than him. Even on foot. And he was fast. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 15:59, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Wait what so there was a random kid getting lost? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:50, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
 * NO! My mom is a childminder. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 18:05, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Ohhh now it makes sense Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:07, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Press the first button of my signature of my previous message. Does something look wrong? Hint: It's missing a "M" somewhere. Press the first button in my signature of this message to see what should be shown! L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 20:46, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

It looks normal Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 14:12, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Does it?
My old signature linked to User:L10n4st3r, but should have been linked to User:L10nM4st3r. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 14:28, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Ohh but now it does work! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 15:07, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Because I changed it. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 16:00, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Userpage
I noticed you changed your userpage. Just saying, if you're hiding stuff from other people, they can still see it in the page history. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 10:45, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

Yeah I just wanted it to look different Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 13:56, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * That's fine. L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 14:18, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

Birthdays
It was my mom's birthday today! To celebrate, she cut down a tree in the garden, hard work making a fence out of sticks and making something out of cross-stitching for sombody else's birthday! How selfish (sarcasm). L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 21:40, 25 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh no im too late but still happy birthday to her! Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 19:49, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It's ok. I finished the multiplayer story mode today. My plan for tomorrow: Get better layered armor for my helmet (layered armor is cosmetic), get the perfect, most powerful armor. Equip the best decorations (they give stat boosts). All of this is not something I know yet. I also wasted the whole morning trying to get a full set of a particular armor, and it turns out to not be the strongest! It's weaker version was the strongest by the time I had access to the recipe. But the stronger version is not... Well, at least I'll look good now no matter what armor I equip! L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 20:11, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Would you like to visit me on my Island in animal crossing new horizons or aren't you alowed or something? Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 16:38, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I really wish I could, but I'm not allowed. Sorry :( L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 18:49, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

Oh ok its fine Einschlauesding (discuss • contribs) 18:58, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

internet
Crap, the internet continues to go on and off! I assume it's workers outside as I hear voices. Well, actually, it's not the internet that goes off but the power, which in turn causes the internet to turn off. I am also irritated: the car alarm has been at it for almost an hour non-stop. And my computer turns off if it's on for a second! L10nM4st3r -Roar at me 09:19, 28 March 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Indicere

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title: User talk:Indicere


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User:Antimony12

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Transportation Deployment Casebook/2022/Alberta

Historical Overview
Streetcars were the precursor to modern urban light rail vehicles. They were powered by electricity, ran on rails through urban and suburban area and were predominantly (if not exclusively) used for the transport of paying passengers. The introduction of systems in Canada somewhat mirrored that in the United States in the late 1800’s.

Early Development - A Market Niche to be Filled
The benefits and advantages of streetcars are best demonstrated when contrasted with preceding modes of transport. Ball (1991) notes that horse drawn streetcars began in larger Canadian cities, such as Montreal, in the 1860’s. These involved wooden-wheeled carriages during Spring which tracked through mud, rail cars in Summer and sleighs in Winter (Ball 1991). Similar technologies would have been the only option in Albertan cities.

Horse drawn street cars were uncomfortable for passengers when riding on wooden wheels and these were superseded by metal-wheeled cars riding on rails (Ball 1991). However, these still retained the obvious issues with the disposal and management of animal excrement.

Ball (1991) also notes that during this era, traditional railways were dirtier, generating soot and smoke, in addition to requiring a dedicated right-of-way. The absence of a viable private form of transport (the automobile) at the time meant that a niche existed for a cleaner, more local alternative to service the growing suburbs of Canadian cities.

Cable cars appear to be the first real alternative to horse-drawn street cars. However, (Gregersen and Britannica Educational Publishing 2011) recognises that they are best suited topographies that feature steep hills and where there a no service issues related to the fixed speed of the vehicles that are a result of the continuously moving cable that is gripped in order for the cable car to move. These systems also had high capital costs and were not used at all in Canada (Ball 1991).

The development of expertise in the harnessing of electricity to drive motors, along with the roll-out of associated distribution infrastructure could be argued to be key technological advances that lead to the development of electric street cars. Hardware, such as tracks and cars, would have already been supported as part of the development of railways. Of the multiple system architectures under development in the late 1880’s, that of Frank Sprague, implemented in Richmond, Virginia became the “dominant system” (Ball 1991).

As an evolution of horse-drawn systems, the first electric street cars were similar in terms of size and passenger comforts. The mass that a horse (or horses) could pull dictated the design of those cars. As it was realised these constraints no longer applied, street cars became longer and more luxurious with seats and enclosed passenger accommodation (Ball 1991). Given winter temperatures in Albertan cities this maturing in streetcar technology would have made streetcar systems more desirable to local communities.

Local Adaptations and Growth
Ball (1991) also notes that in Montreal, street cars were fitted with “storm windows” and snow catchers. It is reasonable to assume that such features would have been available to Albertan streetcar operators.

Innovations in ticketing were introduced to support streetcar operations. Ball (1991) describes the introduction of PAYE (Pay As You Enter) ticketing to support faster boarding of passengers. Presumably, prior systems involved the purchase of a ticket prior to boarding the vehicle.

Electric streetcars initially provided a replacement for their horse-drawn predecessors. Particularly relevant for the smaller cities of Alberta, streetcars enabled the implementation of a viable public transport system (Ball 1991). The development of commuter suburbs where residents lived outside away from an urban core that was the focus of employment was enabled by streetcars. This supported other environment changes that included growth of the Canadian economy, increased settlement in areas of lower density along with the development of natural resources (Stelter and Artibise 1982).

The birth of streetcar systems in Alberta was characterised by the role of municipal government. Calgary and Edmonton launched systems after eastern cities and they were owned by local government (Ball 1991). This means it is difficult to identify precursor models in an Albertan context and explicit policies that governed the operation of streetcar systems were most likely adapted from those in eastern Canadian cities or the United States.

One policy that likely contributed to accelerated growth of streetcar systems in Albertan cities was that related to taxation. Prior to World War 1, the prairie cities had an almost total dependence on land taxes (Stelter and Artibise 1982). This meant that the development of land to become more economically useful would generate higher taxes for municipalities. Streetcars were a key to unlocking the value of land further out from urban centres.

System Growth and Prairie Politics
The growth of streetcar systems in Albertan cities was driven through the private and public realms. The larger macro forces that lead to the development of suburban estates required streetcar systems, in the absence of suitable alternative modes, to be viable. In fact, there were middle-class expectation of streetcar service to a new development, in a similar way to electricity, water, sewerage and made roads (Harris 2020). Market demand, felt through private land developers created pressure for the continued expansion of streetcar systems to service ever more distant land subdivisions. Subsequently, there were decreasing returns on further investments in streetcar systems (Stelter and Artibise 1982).

The relationship between the growth of streetcar systems and the cities they served was impacted by the objectives of municipal authorities. Stelter & Artibise (1982) posit that cities in the Canadian Prairie States, including Alberta, had their growth shaped by “prairie urban elites” who spanned the private and municipal sectors within tight social circles. As a result, it was easier to seek and obtain consensus for any new initiative, such as the establishment and extension of streetcar systems. Additionally, there was competition between regions, with a desire for urban growth and consequent status. The result was the continued growth of streetcar systems in areas of low density when compared to eastern Canadian states. For example, in 1921, Edmonton 2.2 people per acre compared to 19.2 for Montreal and 31.5 for Toronto (Stelter and Artibise 1982).

Maturity and the Rise of the Automobile
In some ways, the success of streetcar systems in facilitating the development of suburbs around an employment core provided a niche that could also be served by private automobiles. However, increasing automobile use lead to congestion in urban cores, slowing streetcars (Ball 1991). This furthered the relative advantages of private automobile transport, leading to more congestion. Effectively, a negative feedback loop was in operation during this transition.

Some streetcar operators in Canada began to run buses (Roberts, Meadowcroft et al.). It is unclear to what extent this occurred in Albertan cities and to what extent these were attempts to supplement or replace streetcar systems. In any case, it showed that there was a viable alternative that was not reliant on dedicated infrastructure, only what shared with cars. Additionally, buses overcame some of the limitations of streetcars in colder Canadian climates. In Calgary, streetcar accidents were attributed to reduced grip of wheels on rails during cold weather (Stark 2015).

A Future for Streetcars in Albertan Cities
Any re-establishment of streetcars in the form of a system based on modern light rail vehicles would best be served by consideration of the factors that lead to their decline. Where possible, dedicated lanes or rights of way could be utilised to reduce the impact of urban road congestion on average speeds. This is additionally important because of the  regulatory environment has developed around car use (Roberts, Meadowcroft et al.). Risks of accidents, assuming modern technology has no resolution for cold weather grip issues, would also be reduced in a more isolated operating environment. Particularly relevant in the cold-climate cities of Alberta, private automobiles offer residents a high degree of comfort door-to-door when weather-protected parking facilities are available. For modern streetcar to be competitive they should provide sheltered connections to controlled indoor environments, such as Calgary’s “Plus 15” network.

Source Data
Total historical length for each system was sourced from Street Railway Investments (1894-1910), McGraw Electric Railway Manual: The Red Book of American Street Railway Investment (1911-1914) and McGraw Electric Railway Directory (1917-1920). The Albertan cities identified as having streetcar systems were Calgary, Edmonton, Lethbridge and Strathcona. There was a single entry for Strathcona in 1909, as the system was taken under the administration of Edmonton in the following year. For this reason, Strathcona was not included in the analysis. Observe from Table 1 that data was not available for the years of 1915 and 1916.

Method
Curves were fitted using a three-parameter logistic function.

S(t) = Smax/[1+exp(-b(t-ti)]

Where:

 * S(t) - Modelled system length in a given year, t.
 * Smax – Maximum length that each system reached
 * ti – Time period at inflection point (where half of the maximum system length was reached).  This was estimated using initial plots of the base data.
 * b – This was estimated by using the MS Excel Goal Seek function across a calculated set of system lengths at various values for t. Goal Seek maximised the value of R-squared, which had been calculated by using the MS Excel RSQ function.

The output of the three-parameter logistic function was calculated and charted for each of the Calgary, Edmonton and Lethbridge streetcar systems. Additionally, an Alberta-wide analysis was performed using the sum of total length for each system across all years.

A regression was then performed using the MS Excel Regression function to determine the t-Statistic and R-squared values. Key parameters and statistics are summarised below. Plots show actual and modelled system lengths were generated in MS Excel.

Calgary
It can be observed from the plot that the birth phase of the Calgary streetcar system occurred approximately in the years 1909 and 1910. Over a slightly longer period (1911 to 1913) growth occurred. The model provides a plausible projection of the final years as the system matured and maximum length was reached. The model makes no allowance for the start of the decline apparent in 1920. While the model appears to be reliable at predicting streetcar system length in Calgary from a visual inspection of the chart and also considering the high R-squared value of ~0.98, the low t statistic of ~0.02 at indicates no confidence in the value of b at the 95% level.

Edmonton
In contrast to Calgary, the Edmonton streetcar system experience a longer period of birthing (4 years) where system length fluctuated at around 20 miles from 1908 to 1912. The growth period is extremely short, with system length increasing to the maximum of nearly 80 miles in less than a year. While system length dropped from 1914 to 1917 it is difficult to determine if this was part of a continuous period of decline or a one-off adjustment from the maximum system length. When compared to Calgary, the R-squared value (~0.87) is lower and the t statistic (~-1.24), while larger than that for Calgary is not significant at the 95% confidence level. This reinforced by the obvious variance between the actual and model predictions early in the system life from 1909 to 1911, along with the drop been 1914 and 1917.

Lethbridge
The Lethbridge system is unusual in that it never increased in length further than the initial 10 miles. In this context there is no relevance in commenting on the birth, growth or maturity of the system.

Interestingly, this results in the model generating an R-squared value extremely close to 1, however still with a t-statistic well under 2 and therefore not statistically significant.

Alberta (combined)
The length of systems in the state of Alberta is primarily affected in equal parts by those in Calgary and Edmonton that both reached maximum lengths of between seventy and eighty miles. This is reflected in each growth phase. Birthing appears to have occurred between 1909 and 1911, followed by growth over the next two years. Maturity lasted at least from 1914 to 1913. Given the available data it is not possible to determine if the drop to 2020 was a significant point in the decline of systems across the state. Still with a relatively high R-squared value of 0.97 the model is a good fit for the actual state-wide system length but does have a t statistic of -2.75 indicating significance at the 95% confidence level.

Conclusion
Growth in the length of individual streetcar systems appears to be sporadic, perhaps affecting the ease of generating models at the 95% confidence level. Consolidation of data produced a statistically significant model, but not one that is useful for predicting all stages in the lifecycle of a streetcar systems in Alberta as a whole. The state-wide model does not generate points that are related to an obvious birthing phase, with only a handful of useful points potentially related to a growth phase. An extension to this analysis could be the exploration of different models that yield more useful results.


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User talk:Xinyu Zhao 500317095

Welcome, Xinyu Zhao 500317095!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. Rubbish computer Ping me or leave a message on my talk page 14:09, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

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User talk:146.166.30.35

You cannot edit for 6 hours due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

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title: User talk:146.166.30.35


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User talk:Yahoot7

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Cookbook:Chukauni (Nepalese Potato Salad)

Chukauni is a potato salad dish from Palpa district in Nepal. It is mainly served with roti, steamed rice or batuk.

Ingredients

 * 4 boiled potatoes, peeled and roughly cubed
 * 200 ml yoghurt
 * 2 chiles, chopped
 * 1 large onion, chopped
 * 2 tbsp mustard oil
 * Salt to taste
 * ½ tsp turmeric powder
 * ½ tsp fenugreek seeds
 * Chile powder (optional)
 * 2 dried red chiles (optional)

Equipment

 * Large bowl
 * Ladle
 * Small pan or wok
 * Bowls to serve
 * Spoons

Procedure

 * 1) Put the boiled potatoes in a bowl.
 * 2) Add chopped chilies and chilies.
 * 3) Pour the yoghurt over the potatoes.
 * 4) Add salt and red chili powder as per your taste.
 * 5) In a small wok or pan, heat some oil with red chilies and fenugreek seed.
 * 6) When the seeds turn black, remove the pan from heat.
 * 7) Add turmeric powder over the oil immediately.
 * 8) Pour the oil over the potatoes and yoghurt mixture.
 * 9) Mix the mixture evenly with a ladle or a spoon.


text: Tamil/Phonetic Chart

title: Tamil/Phonetic Chart


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User:Vang12345

Http://onlinetoptop.com

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User talk:112.204.168.50

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title: User talk:112.204.168.50


text:
User talk:112.203.18.81

--Xania   talk 13:31, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:112.203.18.81


text:
User talk:49.145.42.53

--Xania   talk 14:29, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:49.145.42.53


text:
German/Grammar/The simple past tense

The simple past tense
German, much like English, forms the past tense in two ways, one by adding a special ending to the verb, and one by using an auxiliary verb. (Keep in mind though, that German does not distinguish between something happening once and something happening continuously, while English does. If you count these variations then it brings the tally for English up to four.) In this section we'll talk about the one where the ending changes; this is called the preterite or simple past. The other is called the perfect, which will be defined below. Although the German versions are formed similarly to the corresponding tenses in English, they are used rather differently. Both forms require a good amount of explanation, so we'll only cover the simple past in detail here.

The difference between simple past and perfect
In English, the simple past is usually formed by adding "-(e)d" to the end of the verb. For example "I move," becomes "I moved." The perfect tense is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "to have" with a special form of the verb called the past participle. Coincidentally, the past participle is also usually formed by adding "-(e)d" to the verb. So "I move," becomes "I have moved." Note that with irregular verbs the simple past and the participle are often different, and forming the past tense may involve a vowel changes. (Such a vowel change is called and ablaut, as mentioned in the section on stem changing verbs.) For example "I give," becomes "I gave," in the simple past, and "I have given" in the perfect tense. In English the difference in meaning between the two forms can be subtle, but in general the perfect tense implies a sense of completion that the simple past does not. For example "I slept," may mean that you were only sleeping a short time and were woken up before you were ready. But "I have slept," implies you've gotten enough sleep for what you need to do; you are done sleeping for the time being. (In English, the continuous past tenses are the past progressive – "I was sleeping", and the past perfect progressive – "I had been sleeping". Neither of these exist in German.) With verbs which describe a single event, the difference in meaning nearly evaporates, for example "I gave the child a toy," vs. "I have given the child a toy."

The difference between the simple past and perfect tenses in German is difficult to explain. To help understand what's going on, it will be helpful to talk about the various dialects in German. The dialects are generally spoken at home and among friends, while the Standard German we're covering in this book is something people learn in school so people from different German speaking regions can understand each other. There are dozens of dialects, but they can be broadly divided into Low (North) and High (South) varieties. There is no clear dividing line between the two though; these dialects tend to blend into one another. The High German dialects have lost the simple past tense except for a few verbs, so people from the south (southern Germany, Austria and the German speaking parts of Switzerland) are mostly familiar with simple past tense through written German and mass media. Meanwhile, the simple past survives in Low German dialects, and so people from the north are familiar with the simple past tense from an early age. (Because of mass media and other influences, speaking dialect at home is becoming less common, even rare. So today's children usually speak Standard German. But the effect that these regional differences have on the language still persist.)

As a consequence, the simple past is used more frequently in the north and the perfect tense is often used to convey a sense of completion as in English. Written German tends to follow this rule as well. But in the south, this sense of completion has been lost, but there is a more subtle difference between simple past and the perfect tense. Since the simple past is associated with written German, as used in fiction or a newspaper, it tends to be used when the event took place within a specific time frame, especially when it's part of a sequence of events. In this sense, you might call the German simple past the "storybook" tense because you would almost always use it when telling a story. Of course this isn't the only time you'd use it, but it might help to keep in the back of your mind that the simple past is a signal that there's a narrative being told, not just a mention of a random occurrence.

Of course this is a gross oversimplification of reality; both the High and Low forms of German influence German speakers to varying degrees, and all these trends tend to mix together in the blender of mass media. The upshot is both of these descriptions, or even some combination of the two, can be valid descriptions of the difference between the two forms of the past tense, depending on who you talk to. The good news is that it's difficult to be wrong about which form to use. In fact, most sentences using either one of the past tenses in English can be translated as either simple past or perfect tense in German and few German speakers would take issue with the meaning.

But there are certain verbs where the simple past is preferred even in spoken language and in all regions. We'll list these near the end of the section.

Weak verbs
As with English, the German simple past is usually formed by changing the ending. But since German still likes to have different endings for different person and number combinations, the simple past is usually formed by inserting a -t(e)- rather than adding something to the end. Verbs that follow this pattern are called weak verbs to distinguish them from strong verbs which are covered below. The full table is:

There is an exception in the third person singular in that an -e is added rather than a -t- inserted.

This is how the endings work in practice with the verb hören:

As with the present tense, stems ending with -d-, -t-, -m- or -n- have an -e- added before the t, assuming there's not one already, to make the word flow more easily. Hence:
 * Ich redete. – "I talked."

Strong Verbs
As in English, some verbs form their simple past tense using a vowel change instead of, or in addition to, a change of ending. This occurs more frequently and more systematically than in English so it's worthwhile to group them into a special class known as strong verbs. (We mentioned strong verbs briefly in the section on stem-changing verbs. All stem-changing verbs are strong but not all strong verbs are stem-changing.) While there are still ending changes for strong verbs, the endings follow a pattern different from weak verbs, and which is more similar to the present tense. The full table for strong verbs is:

Here, the * means that a vowel change occurs. Each verb has its own vowel change, and it's probably easiest just to memorize what the change is separately for each verb. Fortunately, the change is the same for each number and person combination. Note that the endings are the same as the present tense except for the first and third person singular, and there the ending is dropped altogether.

For the stem-changing, hence strong, verb schlafen this works as follows:

Some possible vowel changes are:
 * a to ie, as seen above with schlafen.
 * ä to i, as in hängen:
 * Ich hänge – "I hang"
 * Ich hing – "I hung"
 * au to ie, as in laufen:
 * Ich laufe – "I run"
 * Ich lief – "I ran"
 * e to a, an in sehen, rennen, sprechen:
 * Ich sehe – "I see"
 * Ich sah – "I saw"
 * ei to ie, as in bleiben:
 * Ich bleibe – "I remain"
 * Ich blieb – "I remained"
 * i to a, as in singen:
 * Ich singen – "I sing"
 * Ich sang – "I sang"
 * ie to a, as in liegen:
 * Ich liege. – "I lie (position)"
 * Ich lag. – "I lay"
 * o to a, as in kommen:
 * Ich komme – "I come"
 * Ich kam – "I came"

Due to German spelling rules, a vowel change may entail minor changes in stem in the written form. For example there may be change between t and tt, ck and k, ss and ẞ, or an h my be lost or gained. These changes don't affect pronunciation, at least not by much, so the verbs are still considered regular strong verbs.

Similarity with past-like present
We said that past-like present verbs were so named because their present tense is similar to the past tense, meaning the past tense of a strong verb. Let's compare them. Their endings are the same but they are different from the corresponding endings of the present tense for regular verbs. There is a difference however in that the vowel always changes in the past tense, but only in the singular for past-like present, and then not for Sie. (Much like "you", which was originally a polite form in English, "Sie" was adapted from a plural form to a polite form.)

Irregular verbs
Within both the weak and strong categories, there are both regular and irregular verbs. This produces four classes of verbs: weak, irregular weak, strong and irregular strong. Irregular weak verbs follow the weak past tense pattern for the most part, for example the first person singular ending is -te, but differ from the pattern in detail. Irregular strong verbs follow the strong past tense pattern, so they have no first person singular ending, but differ from that pattern in other ways. The class of regular strong verbs can also be divided into stem-changing and non-stem-changing verbs, bringing the tally of classes up to five, and the past-like present verbs bring it up to six. Finally, there is a handful of verbs which follow both strong and weak patterns in some way, and so don't really fit into either group. We'll just call them variable, but they bring the tally to seven.

This may seem complex, but understanding these patterns will greatly decrease what you have to memorize in order to properly conjugate verbs. Even with the most irregular verbs, are similarities with the common patterns which can make memorization easier.

Irregular weak verbs
These follow the weak past ending pattern, but change the stem as well, often with just a vowel change. For example:
 * bringen – "to bring"
 * Ich bringe – "I bring"
 * Ich brachte – "I brought"
 * denken – "to think"
 * Ich denke – "I think"
 * Ich dachte – "I thought"
 * brennen – "to burn"
 * Ich brenne – "I burn"
 * Ich brannte – "I burned"
 * kennen – "to know"
 * Ich kenne – "I know"
 * Ich kannte – "I knew"
 * nennen – "to name"
 * Ich nenne – "I name"
 * Ich nannte – "I named"
 * rennen – "to run"
 * Ich renne – "I run"
 * Ich rannte – "I ran"
 * haben – "to have"
 * Ich habe – "I have"
 * Ich hatte – "I had"
 * senden – "to broadcast" or "to send"
 * This is regular in it's meaning "to broadcast", but is usually irregular with past tense stem sand- in the meaning "to send".
 * Ich sende – "I send"
 * Ich sandte – "I sent"

You may recall that haben is irregular in the present tense, but all the others here are regular in the present tense.

Irregular strong verbs
These verbs follow the strong past ending pattern in the simple past tense, but have stem changes other than a simple vowel change. Although the stem is different than expected, simple past tense conjugation can be found by adding the appropriate strong endings to a common stem. Many of these are regular in the present tense:
 * stehen – "to stand"
 * Ich stand – "I stood"
 * sitzen – "to sit"
 * Ich saẞ – "I sat"
 * leiden – "to suffer"
 * Ich litt – "I suffered"
 * gehen – "to go"
 * Ich ging – "I went"
 * ziehen – "to pull"
 * Ich zog – "I pulled"

Two special cases with this group are:
 * tun – "to do"
 * This verb is fairly regular except for the infinitive. In the simple past it's conjugated like a strong verb with the stem tat-
 * Ich tat – "I did"

 * sein – "to be"
 * This is very irregular in the present tense, but in the simple past tense it follows the strong pattern but with the stem war-. These past tense forms are cognates to the English "was" and "were".
 * Ich war – "I was"

Past-like present verbs
These verbs follow the weak pattern in the past tense; this is somewhat ironic since they are so similar to the strong past pattern in the present tense. They sometimes undergo a vowel change, but not the same as the change in present tense. A special case is mögen since the g becomes ch. Note that some gymnastics are required for the translations into English since the English versions often have no past tense.
 * dürfen – "may"
 * Ich durfte – "I was allowed to"
 * The vowel changes from ü to u.
 * können – "can"
 * Ich konnte – "I could"
 * The vowel changes from ö to o.
 * mögen – "may, to like"
 * Ich mochte – "I might have"
 * This undergoes a stem change in addition to a vowel change, so it might be considered an irregular past-like present verb.
 * müssen – "must"
 * Ich musste – "I had to"
 * The vowel changes from ü to u.
 * sollen – "should"
 * Ich sollte – "I was supposed to", "I should have"
 * No vowel change.
 * wissen – "to know"
 * Ich wusste – "I knew"
 * The vowel changes from i to u.
 * wollen – "to want"
 * Ich wollte – "I wanted"
 * No vowel change.

Variable verbs
These verbs follow neither the strong or weak pattern completely. Many are strong for some meanings and weak for others.
 * werden – "to become"
 * We said in the section on uninflected adjectives that werden acts like a stem changing verb in the present tense. But in the simple past it acts more like a weak verb, and since stem changing verbs are strong it's best to say it "acts like" a stem changing verb rather than it actually is one. In fact it's conjugated almost exactly like a weak verb in the simple past except that the -det- syllable you'd expect is reduced to -d-:
 * Ich werde – "I became"

 * schaffen – "to create or make" or "to manage or succeed"
 * In the sense "to create or make" it's strong and has a vowel change from a to u. But in the sense of "to manage or succeed" it's weak.

 * backen - "to bake" or "to stick (together)"
 * This is weak for some meanings, and either strong or weak for others according to the speaker's taste. In many cases both strong and weak forms exist, but they are not used much and there is no difference in meaning between the two. We refer you to the Usage Notes section in Wiktionary for more details.

 * mahlen - "to grind", salzen - "to salt", spalten - "to split"
 * For the most part these are regular weak verbs. But we'll see that they sometimes follow a strong pattern when we get to the section on participles.

Right Hand Rules
The "Right Hand Rules" law holds for verb conjugation as we mentioned in the section on prefixed verbs, and it still holds for the simple past tense.

Verbs which usually use the simple past
As we mentioned above, the simple past is nearly always preferred for certain verbs. Here is a partial list. We've included the meaning as well when the simple past is preferred for some, but not all meanings of the verb. Other verbs might be added and some of the ones we've listed might be removed depending on region.

 * sein
 * Ich war in der Küche. – "I was in the kitchen."
 * haben
 * Ich hatte einen Hund. – "I had a dog."
 * Modal verbs, including wollen and mögen in their non-modal meanings.
 * Ich wollte einen Hund. – "I wanted a dog."
 * Sie mochte Katzen. – "She liked cats."
 * finden when used to express an opinion.
 * Ich fand den Film langweilig. – "I found the movie boring."
 * geben in the impersonal sense.
 * Hier gab es ein Haus. – "There was a house here."
 * The modal-adjacent verb lassen
 * Er ließ mich sein Haus bauen. – "He had me build his house."
 * For verbs related to what you know, denken, wissen and kennen, the simple past and the perfect can both be used in the spoken language.
 * Ich kannte den Weg. – "I knew the way."

title: German/Grammar/The simple past tense


text: Kazakh/Vowels

title: Kazakh/Vowels


text:
A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/AS2022

 AQA computer science 9x9 game

This is for the AQA AS Computer Science Specification.

This is where suggestions can be made about what some of the questions might be and how we can solve them.

Please be respectful and do not vandalise or tamper with the page, as this would affect pupils' preparation for their exams.

Don’t allow 001 index value from being written to:
Describe the question here in more detail

Print how many cells are left to go after user checks answers.
Describe the question here in more detail

Don't Allow User To Change Any Numbers In The Grid(Including New User Inputs And Original Numbers)
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Don't allow user to change original numbers
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Don't allow user to change original numbers (Tom's Version)
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Don't allow user to change original numbers (Bradley's Version)
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Describe the question here

Inadvertently Overwrite
Ask the user if they want to overwrite their save in order to prevent them accidently overwriting the file.

Don’t allow the user to change the original values in the original grid when loaded.
Describe the question here

Don't allow user to re-enter an already entered number
Check if the digit entered is already there in that row, that column or in that coordinate [ACH]

Bradleys Code ☺

Awards user with 1 point for correct answer and -1 point for an incorrect answer
Describe the question here

Summary of question
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Give the user a hint, which can only be used once per grid
Describe the question here

Big H

Call Graph of the Python version of the Skeleton Code.
Can help with understanding of the structure of the code, and useful for answering a question in part B.


text:
User talk:70.27.38.161

--Xania   talk 02:13, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.27.38.161


text:
User talk:Julijanj1997

Welcome, Julijanj1997!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 02:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Julijanj1997


text:
User talk:Minas Niktaris

Welcome, Minas Niktaris!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 02:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot! I am grateful to be a member of this very interesting community! Minas Niktaris (discuss • contribs) 14:13, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Minas Niktaris


text:
User talk:Josephmjoy

Welcome, Josephmjoy!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 05:26, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Josephmjoy


text:
User talk:2601:647:6513:2701:B515:9309:DB53:8B01

--Xania   talk 05:45, 18 March 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:CVValue

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, CVValue!

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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 09:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:CVValue


text:
User:Minas Niktaris

'''Hello Wikibookians! I am Minas Niktaris from Greece.'''
 * Greek Wikipedia

 * Greek Wikisource

 * Greek Wikibooks

Interests

 * 1) I love History, especially the Greek one. It is very interesting.
 * 2) I love Geography, especially the flags, countries and capital cities of the world.
 * 3) I love playing chess, mainly because it keeps the mind active.

title: User:Minas Niktaris


text:
User talk:Clinesha Jooste

--Xania   talk 14:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clinesha Jooste


text:
Cookbook:Fried Bacon and Egg Sandwich (Homemade Egg McMuffin)

This egg sandwich recipe mimics the Egg McMuffin. The eggs are better over-hard with the yolks broken so you don't get yolk dribbling down your arm while eating.

Ingredients

 * 2 English muffins, sliced in half
 * 4 strips bacon
 * 2 eggs

Procedure

 * 1) Get your English muffins ready to toast.
 * 2) Over medium heat, fry bacon in one layer, turning often until browned and crispy to your taste. Lower the heat if the bacon fat starts to spatter.
 * 3) Remove the bacon to a plate lined with paper towels. Pat the bacon with another sheet of paper towel to remove some of the excess fat.
 * 4) Pour most of the remaining fat from the pan into a teacup, leaving most of the brown bits in the pan.
 * 5) Wash and dry the pan, and put it back on the heat.
 * 6) Pour about a tablespoon of the bacon fat back into the pan.
 * 7) Start toasting the English muffins.
 * 8) Crack eggs into the pan, add salt and pepper, and fry for about 2 minutes. Break the yolks, spreading them over the whites, and flip the eggs. Fry for another minute.
 * 9) Assemble your sandwiches with the English muffins, bacon, and fried eggs. Serve.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you have a toaster oven or broiler, you can put some cheese on the English muffins when toasting them.
 * Take your used paper towels, ball them up, put them in the teacup with the excess bacon fat. When you are done eating the fat will have soaked into the towels, so you don't have to pour the fat down the drain, or scoop out congealed fat from the cup.


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User talk:122.170.145.179

--Xania   talk 06:40, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:122.170.145.179