text:
Transport/Outline

Driving
Driving is the control of the transport usually termed a vehicle. It involves steering to choose the direction and controlling the speed. In transport, driving is moving the driver rather than any passengers necessarily. It also involves stopping and manoeuvring in traffic on roads. On mechanised vehicles such as bicycles or cars, it also involves controlling lights and gears.

Riding
For use of animals it is called riding, principally in reference to horses. Originally driving referred to the occupation of driving working animals.

Shipping
Shipping is use to refer to movement of goods and cargo, or sometimes termed freight. Originally shipping meant by water or sea as this was the predominant form of transport until the 18th Century. Since the advent of railway transport in the 19th Century and road transport in the 20th Century, the term shipping has expanded to include those too. In the postwar period due to advances in aviation, shipping can also include movement by air.

Travel
The term travel (in contrast to driving and shipping) means transport of passengers who are not necessarily themselves driving and are not goods or freight. Transport by foot, is one mode that is overwhelmingly generally going to be termed travel rather than driving or shipping (unless using a handcart to move goods).

title: Transport/Outline


text:
Transport/Modes of transport

Air
Air transport is the most modern transport. It was the last to be invented, commercially viable and popularised. An early non-commercial example was Chinese lanterns in antiquity. It is divided between lighter-than-air transport and heavier-than-air transport. Since the twentieth century it is known as aviation. Jet aircraft entered commercial use and replaced predecessors in the postwar era. Cable car transport uses land infrastructure but transportation in the air suspended from a cable. Space transport could also be loosely considered a form of air transport.

Water
Water transport is the oldest vehicular transport. For most of history it was the fastest transport mode especially for freight. It involves the oldest artificial man-made infrastructure in the form of canals first constructed for river transport (as opposed to just irrigation) in Ancient China in the 8th to 5th Centuries BCE. But also, it operates on natural rivers and seas as far back as the canoes constructed by the Austronesian peoples in the 6th millenium BCE. Oceans were first reliably crossed in the Middle Ages technology applied to ships. Seaplanes use water infrastructure for air transport.

Land
Land transport is the oldest form of transport as it includes walking. It includes road transport, rail transport and street infrastructure such as steps and rural infrastructure such as trails.

Questions
Is there a case for a cable-car to be land transport? What mode is a tram, road or rail? What mode is a trackless train, road or rail? What mode is autonomous rail rapid transit? What mode is a hovercraft? What mode is a maglev?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Transport/Modes of transport


text: Category:Book:Transport

title: Category:Book:Transport


text:
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title: User:Barundebnath/vector.css


text:
Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2019-20/Power in the United States Opioid Crisis

Introduction
Opioids are painkillers commonly prescribed in the United States of America. The 'opioid epidemic' refers to large scale over prescription of and addiction to opium-derived prescription pills across america. The abuse of prescription Opioids such as Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, Heroin, and et cetera currently affects 2.1 million Americans, claiming the lives of over 115 people every day. The following article will explore different power structures within this issue and how the influence the opioid epidemic along with wider society. These power structures include:

 * 1) Biology: the power opioids have over the human body.
 * 2) Politics: the power pharmaceutical companies have over governments through lobbying.
 * 3) Law: the power governments have over laws influencing the opioid epidemic.
 * 4) The Arts: the influence popular art forms have had on the opioid epidemic.

Biology
A definition of addiction is "a psychological and physical inability to stop consuming a substance, even though it is causing psychological and physical harm.” This explains how physical addiction is representative of a power structure between drugs and the human brain, as physically addictive drugs cause human beings to develop dependencies and may negatively affect their entire lifestyle. Opioids trigger the release of endorphins, the brain's "feel-good" neurotransmitters. Endorphins muffle ones sensation of pain and boost feelings of pleasure, creating a temporary but powerful sense of euphoria. When an opioid high wears off, one may find themselves craving this euphoria.

Opioids can also act on descending pain modulatory systems to eliminate the pain. By binding to receptors in an area of the brainstem called the periaqueductal gray, opioids can prompt the inhibition of pain. The result of the biological effect of regular opioid abuse is physical dependency. In an article published by psychiatrists T. Kosten and T. George, the power opioids have to catalyse a physical dependence is explained: "Opioid tolerance and addiction are all manifestations of brain changes resulting from chronic opioid abuse. The opioid abuser’s struggle for recovery is in great part a struggle to overcome the effects of these changes." Many individuals who find themselves physically addicted to opioids then seek rehabilitation. However, treatments are expensive ("Well-known centers often cost up to $20,000 for a 30-day program" ). The treatment includes managing the physical pain associated with withdrawals as well as the psychological consequences of addiction. In addition, relapses are common; most of the patients in a drug addiction relapse, further indicating the power of opioids. Lastly, as the tolerants build with addictions, patients may seek more powerful and cheaper, illicit opioids such as heroin. In consequence, after the "doctor-shopping" (visiting multiple doctors in order to obtain more prescriptions) phase, the addicts often turn to injecting as the tolerance grows.

Politics
Another power structure present in the United State’s opioid epidemic is the power pharmaceutical companies have over members of senate and federal agencies.

The pharmaceutical company as a collective, “which has about two lobbyists for every member of Congress, spent $130 million on influencing legislation in 2019. To put this in perspective, considering that gun control is another one of America’s pressing issues, lobbyists for pro-firearm rights donated a mere $8.1 million to influence legislation the same year. Furthermore, “nine out of 10 members of the House of Representatives and all but three of the US’s 100 senators have taken campaign contributions from pharmaceutical companies seeking to affect legislation on everything from the cost of drugs to how new medicines are approved”. With these statistics, it can be reasonably inferred that lobbying on behalf of pharmaceutical companies has swayed legislators to be laxer on the industry, perfectly demonstrating the power the industry has in politics, lawmaking, and consequentially American society.

Lobbying on behalf of the pharmaceutical industry also develops a power structure involving Federal agencies. A recent scandal involving Donald Trump’s nominee for Drug Czar Tom Marino in April 2016 revealed his role in forging legislation which would have made it “virtually impossible for the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) to freeze suspicious narcotic shipments from the companies”
 * Marino received a donation of nearly $100,000 from the pharmaceutical industry that same year. Furthermore, pharmaceutical companies engaged in unlawful activities have not faced sufficient punishment in recent years. For example, pharmaceutical company “The McKesson Cooperation” were under investigation for providing millions of opioid pills to American pharmacies without sufficient due diligence in 2017, and while the DEA proposed a $1 billion fine for the company, Mckesson was only fined $150 million, an almost insignificant sum in comparison to the company’s $200 billion in revenue the same year. This is only one of multiple examples of how pharmaceutical companies have used their power to evade harsh legal penalties in order to preserve their wealth via continuing to supply opioids in excessive quantities to the American people.

Laws
Both federal and state administrations have tried to jam the opioid crisis by developing a pain policy. Indeed, many states have already adopted regulations laws to fight against opioid addictions. All states have adopted the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, an exam that physicians must pass to prescribe opioids. However, the test is a handbook of 11 questions with the responses at the end.

The most powerful institution for taking action concerning drugs is FDA. The Food and Drug Administration is a federal agency evaluating the safety and effects of every product related to health and food. In order to fight against the prescription of opioids, the FDA created the TIRF-REMS program. A strict set of rules to make sure doctors prescribed opioids only to late-stage cancer patients. Nevertheless, the FDA outsourced the program to the pharmaceutical companies and these companies hired McKesson, one of the world’s largest drug distributors to run it. Furthermore, Barack Obama enacted the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act in 2016. It is intended to increase both the number of prevention and treatment programs. Nevertheless, he also signed into law the 21st Century Cures Act and the “Ensuring Patient Access and Effective Drug Enforcement Act” which reduce respectively the action of FDA and DEA.

Concerning the illegal side of the opioid crisis, the problem extends beyond the United States of America, as statistics indicate that China is the biggest Opioid supplier in the pharmaceutical industry out of the entire country. The Trump administration pushes for China to adapt proper laws but even if China has regulations, the government rarely enforced them since the output is not intended for Chinese people. However, as this issue affects the trade war with the US, China is working with the U.S law enforcement to find a solution.

Arts
Arts and storytelling have been successfully changing the public perception of opioid addiction. For instance, the “prescribed to Death” memorial is to represent, remember and memorize the victims of the opioid crisis. ; Moreover, arts and storytelling have been successfully changing the public perception of opioid addiction. Nancy, an opioid addiction recovery specialist, helped her client Ava to express her feelings about using opioids in her drawing, claiming that the patient cannot control their lives and is gradually disconnecting from reality as a result of her addiction. She hopes people can see their lives as what they are truly. Furthermore, In the American music industry, rapper Macklemore realised “Drug Dealer”, a new song and music video, referencing some celebrity deaths induced by opioids. With that, he met President Obama to talk about this important issue. The official music video on Youtube has more than 40 million views and seventeen thousand comments; thus proving the power structure of the media over society in raising awareness about the opioid epidemic.


text: User talk:Tomsimone01

title: User talk:Tomsimone01


text:
User talk:Yoga 4 Leadership

--ЗAНИA talk 06:32, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yoga 4 Leadership


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Survival Guide/Living

 * Delete as nom.  This is a skeleton of book that's been around since May 2009.  NO attempts have been made to enlarge  or improve this book at all.  Delete with no prejudice to recreating by anyone. Necromonger Wekeepwhatwekill 16:59, 30 August 2018 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/A Guide To Boston

Not a textbook. At best, it's a guide to a place, which is more suited for Wikivoyage. I propose that this book be deleted. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 09:37, 25 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I'd have no problem with porting to Wikivoyage if Wikivoyage is interested, and with the assent of the primary author — I don't see a note about this on their user talk page. I don't recall anything that says we can't host an educational book that happens to be about a place, though most of them did get ported to Wikivoyage once it started up.  It is on the light side atm, but that isn't necessarily a permanent state.  Before deciding what ought to be done I'd like to hear from one or both of a Wikivoyage inside-expert (is that a Wikivoyager?  not sure what their local culture prefers) and the primary author. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 11:33, 25 September 2018 (UTC)
 * because it's a single small page for seven years, and otherwise it would be binned. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 23:23, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Taking a look at Boston, it seems like that page is developed enough that I'm not sure as to what can be transwikified from Wikibooks. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 11:36, 27 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Per Leaderboard, the wikivoyage article is miles ahead of this and there is no way wikivoyage could accept such an article. The only way is to manually merge some information (if there is any, but I doubt so) into the main article where the faster way is just to do without transwiki, as it's just a few commons pictures. Speaking with some minor experience as a Chinese Wikivoyage Transwiki Importer --Cohaf (discuss • contribs) 02:33, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * As a Wikivoyage admin, I don't think Wikivoyage will take much interest in this article, since it doesn't have a lot of content, really just a list and some pictures. However, probably ButteBag, who's considered to be the expert on Wikivoyage's Boston article, would have the best idea of any possible merge. SelfieCity (discuss • contribs) 06:37, 23 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it seems like we've already got this info covered at WV. Also the image of the Pru here is actually the tower at the Christian Science Center. The Hancock tower is also the wrong image (of the Hancock in Chicago). I had a good chuckle! Thanks! --ButteBag (discuss • contribs) 13:53, 23 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Per ButteBag's above comment. SelfieCity (discuss • contribs) 15:19, 23 February 2019 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/'Spambot' pages

I've noticed quite a few pages recently which have all the markings of a classic spam page, except that they lack a link and hence the abuse filter does not catch them.

 * User:CaraMounts72944
 * User:TeresitaReynolds
 * User:EmeryShumack
 * User:JacquieTrask
 * User:SalEarnest5914 (I took a call on this and deleted it; the account name didn't match the name in the userpage.)
 * User:PYMNewton1230 (This was deleted by - the details were nonsensical - 43 year old in high school? The account is global-locked.)

I honestly want to delete them, but the sticking point is WB:AGF; I can't prove that they are a spambot with the generic information on the userpage, even though they seem like one.

What do you think?

Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 13:08, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete - Either oddballs or spam. All very odd and not contributing to the project. I know we have our policies but I would just gp ahead and delete them. It's not a biog deal - if the worst happens then they can be quickly undeleted. --ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]]talk 13:22, 7 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Just speedy delete them. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 13:23, 7 November 2018 (UTC)
 * +1 JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 19:36, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Delete; also, two of them I'd be tempted to indefblock as spambots, as they've replaced their spambot-ish text with a completely different spambot-ish text. Note btw that AGF has no official status on Wikibooks; it was never adopted.  I've never decided just what I think we should do about AGF here, keeping in mind that Wikinews's Never assume is customized for news, while at the same time I think AGF has done a lot of damage to Wikipedia. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 20:29, 7 November 2018 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Ettevalmistus Keemiaolümpiaadiks

The book should be in Estonian. I have incedently created it under en.wikibooks.org. I wish to continue working on the book under et.wikibooks.org. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Olunet (talk • contribs) 15:00, 19 November 2018 (UTC)

I am very sorry. There is one more page to delete: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ettevalmistus_Keemiaolümpiaadiks/Kineetika — Preceding unsigned comment added by Olunet (talk • contribs) 17:32, 19 November 2018 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Cookie exercise

This 'book' has existed for more than a year with little work done to it. Maybe it was supposed to be part of another book but as it was created by an IP user and all subsequent edits have been by IP users I have nobody to ask. --ЗAНИA talk 05:32, 23 November 2018 (UTC)

Interesting in theory, but now I'd just call it as abandoned. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 16:03, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Somewhat reluctant . The trouble is that it's not a book, and doesn't have the potential to be one; it's something that one could imagine occurring in some book, but then one has to try to imagine what book it would be in. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 17:00, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

No evolution of the page since 2017. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 17:47, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

albeit with some reluctance vice Pi Zero. This could be a beginning exercise in a relatively advanced text on queueing and stocking theory, but without the broader context of the entire book behind it, it is pointless. Chazz (talk) 22:47, 24 November 2018 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for import/Archives/2019/December

Yet another request for import
Could you please import the following pages from Wikipedia to Wikibooks:

 * 1) Grand Duchy of Avram to Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Grand Duchy of Avram
 * 2) Kingdom of Elleore to Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Kingdom of Elleore
 * 3) Principality of Hutt River to Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Principality of Hutt River
 * 4) New Utopia to Micronations/List of past micronations/New Utopia
 * 5) 1922 Southern Rhodesian government referendum to The Story of Rhodesia/1922 Southern Rhodesian government referendum
 * 6) Southern Rhodesia to The Story of Rhodesia/Southern Rhodesia

Hope it isn’t too much trouble. Thanking in advance,Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 19:32, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 14:20, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Done. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 21:09, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

Request for Import IV
Could you please import the following page from Wikipedia to Wikibooks?

 * Principality of Seborga to Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Principality of Seborga

Thanks in Advance,Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 11:16, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 09:22, 14 December 2019 (UTC)
 * although I have a pretty good optical fiber, I've tried two times but the page seems too large for the foundation servers:

 * So, I invite you to just copy it and mention its source, and the history import would be done after an infrastructure upgrade. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 10:09, 14 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I've had some of the larger imports fail a dozen times or so (with various error messages, sometimes that one and sometimes something else), then work. It seems loosely related to size, but there's a random element in it too.  Afaik, it's been like that since before I got my admin flag (almost ten years ago).  If we keep trying from time to time, this one may randomly decide to cooperate.  (I might give in a few tries myself at some point, if somebody doesn't beat me to it.) --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:19, 14 December 2019 (UTC)
 * , I’m just wondering, if I copy the page from Wikipedia, can I put the permanent link to the Wikipedia revision in my edit summary or in the talk page or somewhere else that isn’t in the page itself? And in the page “Dominion of British West Florida”, can I move the permanent urls from the page itself to the talk page? Thanking in advance, Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 13:30, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I've just successfully imported it. Regarding how to handle these things when we haven't (yet) gotten import to work: by preference, imo, put the link in your edit summary when creating it. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:52, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much! Regarding to the page “Dominion of British West Florida”, a page that has already been created, and is based on 2 Wikipedia articles, are there any alternatives to having a list of permanent links at the end of the article? Thanking in advance, Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 16:15, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, we could conceivably import both articles and history-merge them into it; how practical that would be depends on the articles involved. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 16:43, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The link to the Wikibooks page is Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Dominion of British West Florida, and the permanent links are: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominion_of_British_West_Florida&oldid=925825288 and https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_West_Florida&oldid=924949681. Thanking in advance, Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 17:15, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 16:02, 17 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 13:39, 18 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ........Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 15:57, 19 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 13:33, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much! Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 17:30, 20 December 2019 (UTC)

Request for importing Template:Tracked
Hi, could you import w:en:Template:Tracked and it's documentation pages from English Wikipedia? This template can be useful for linking to Phabricator tasks. I noticed we don't have such template here. Cordially, Masumrezarock100 (discuss • contribs) 01:27, 23 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Imported Template:Tracked and Template:Tracked/doc, and fixed some stuff on the latter that was broken because of peripheral things not here. You said documentation pages, plural; is anything else called for? --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 01:49, 23 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Nah. I thought the template and it's documentation page depended some local (enwiki) templates. Should be enough if the template is working. Masumrezarock100 (discuss • contribs) 01:55, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

2 templates
Could you please import w:Template:Card and w:Template:Infobox card game Thanks. Champion (discuss • contribs) 07:06, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Wikipedian infoboxes are almost certainly not stylistically appropriate to Wikibooks. What do you have in mind? --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 22:23, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Card imported. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 22:27, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Request for Import V
Hi, could you please import Somaliland to Micronations/List of already existing micronations/Somaliland? Thanks in advance. Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 17:36, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Wikimedia Error: Our servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 20:45, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I'd just been trying to do this, too. I got that error once, and another time I got a thoroughly incoherent message about a missing   tag, or something like that.  I figured I'd just try again every once in a while. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 20:50, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * (Oh, my mistake: . :-)  --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 20:57, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Could you please check is it working now? Thanks in advance, Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 07:50, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Nuthin' atm. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 11:24, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks anyway. Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 13:41, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Not too surprising it's having difficulty with this one; it has over six thousand revisions. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:24, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * So do you recommend to copy paste the article, and put the permanent link to the revision of the page in the description? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 15:39, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello? Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 09:05, 25 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I had intended to put off answering your question for maybe ten or twelve hours, in case maybe I got it to work by waiting till that time of day. I've noticed sometimes these big imports work better then.  However, as often happens it was a long day and by the end of it I forgot. Yes, that sounds like a good way to do it.
 * OK, I will copy it right away. Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 15:09, 25 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Done ✅. The link to the page. Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs) 15:17, 25 December 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2019-20/Power in the opioids crisis in the US

Please refer to the following google doc for more extensive evidence of planning and collaboration:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fP1tx3bKSOCOVLfuI4UNIfmGKrIk33JwxxiAI6Jx5Gc/edit


text:
Talk:Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2019-20/Power in the United States Opioid Crisis

Please refer to the link below for more extensive evidence of collaboration and planning Tomsimone01 (discuss • contribs) 10:45, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fP1tx3bKSOCOVLfuI4UNIfmGKrIk33JwxxiAI6Jx5Gc/edit?usp=sharing


text:
User:Bellowhead678

About me
I am a fairly experienced editor on Wikipedia, but am just getting into Wikibooks. I would like to use the Correct typos in one click tool to help improve Wikibooks.

title: User:Bellowhead678


text:
User:Bellowhead678/common.js

mw.loader.load('https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Uziel302/typo.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

title: User:Bellowhead678/common.js


text:
User talk:JOEMAMA59

--Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:29, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:JOEMAMA59


text:
User talk:Anachronist

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Anachronist!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks Thanks, -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:01, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks I was wondering if I'd ever get a welcome message. Your template contains many useful links. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 20:12, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

About your question at Requests for permissions
Hi, I just thought I'd explain your recent question.

Your edit here did not get autoreviewed; the reason for this is that there was two IP edits before hand, which had not been reviewed by anyone. You could not review them as you are not a reviewer. Therefore your autoreview failed to work, as there were already two pending reviews. Basically you hold the "autoreview" right but not the "review" right.

I know this is a bit complicated, but so is the system. But anyway I have reviewed all three edits, if you want me to do so I will review any edits you need. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:10, 19 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explanation, I understand now.
 * The same situation has existed here for a week, in which an anon IP edit has a pending revision before mine. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 22:16, 19 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Cheers! Yes I've reviewed that as well. For any further reviews please ask. To be honest there's a bit of a backlog, I do some reviewing when time permits, but we need more people doing it really. But I think overall its a good system. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:24, 19 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 02:20, 20 April 2020 (UTC)

A new proposal
Hi, there is currently a proposal at Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals for non-admins to be given the ability of    and. Since you’ve been an active user on Wikibooks for the last thirty day, I thought you might join in by giving feedback/opinion or amendments. Thank you so much for your time Synoman Barris (discuss • contribs) 12:52, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

in Template:OpenSCAD Tutorial/example
You wrapped the in Template:OpenSCAD Tutorial/example in. Why? It made the appear in the destination page. Before I revert the change, what problem were you trying to solve? Jordan Brown (discuss • contribs) 15:01, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
 * As I recall, it was because the page OpenSCAD Tutorial/Chapter 1 kept showing on every example which would be meaningless to any reader. It confused me until I figured out what was causing it. Look at that Chapter 1 page, then remove the from the template and look at it again. The noinclude tag suppressed the odd display while still retaining the Book category attribute. My purpose was to clean up the appearance of the Chapter 1 page. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 21:24, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Interesting. It definitely worked for me at the time, and now I am seeing exactly that  effect that you describe.  I'm wondering if there is some kind of caching problem in MediaWiki... Jordan Brown (discuss • contribs) 18:27, 25 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Is there any harm done by enclosing the BookCat inside noinclude tags? The OpenSCAD Tutorial/example template still seems to function properly that way - or it seemed that way to me at the time. The only thing BookCat does is include the page in a category, and if it was enclosed by noinclude, the correct category still appeared at the bottom of the page. I may be wrong, but my understanding is that noinclude doesn't suppress the function of the contents it encloses, but suppresses just the display. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 18:50, 25 May 2021 (UTC)

Please be aware!
If you change headings and even just capitalization like Version ↦ version this will break the links from the openscad.org/cheatsheet - it is imperative to make the changes there too! Thank you. 2A01:C23:81CC:CB00:49B3:C80F:52C0:B51E (discuss) 21:27, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The cheat sheet is not publicly editable (that I know of) like this Wikibook, and this Wikibook has its own style guidelines to follow. Anachronist (discuss • contribs) 23:23, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anachronist


text:
English-Hanzi/Xianggu is a kind of mushroom

Xianggu is a kind of mushroom originated from the east of Asia.

香菇是一种源自亚洲东部的蘑菇.


text:
Transport/Society

Usage
Usage is measured in number of passengers and also use measured by distance travelled.

Safety
Safety of transport is measured in accident numbers. Sometimes comparisons per distance travelled.

Student
Particularly Student transport has safety as important. Student transport is travel to and from school and for students during the school term.

Capacity

 * Symphony of the Seas can carry 6680 passengers.

Speed

 * The fastest wheeled train is the TGV POS V150.

Power
The most powerful car is the Koenigsegg Regera with 1479 horse power.

Accessibility
For the disabled or visually impaired, walking may require tactile pavement at junctions and audible crossing alerts. Buses and trains may require low floors with platforms requiring high for step-free boarding. Station platforms may require a Harrington hump. Recumbent cycling provision may be required.

Sustainability
Sustainability is measured in construction, pollution (which includes fuel efficiency) and disposal. Sometimes it is divided by number of passengers.

Model
The largest Model Railway in the World is Minatur Wunderland in Hamburg. G scale (Garden, 1∶24 scale) is most popular for backyard modelling.

Questions
What is a measure of the sustainability? What is the best measure? What measures the largest transport in size? What measures the most popular transport used?

title: Transport/Society


text:
Précis of epistemology/The foundations of ethics

Ethics is the knowledge about the good of the spirit. Epistemology is the knowledge about knowledge. It is an ethical knowledge because knowledge is a good of the spirit.

The good is what must be. Something is good when it is as it must be.

Inert matter has no duty, or rather it is already what it must be.

The good of life is to persevere in its being. Health is to have fully the means to keep on living. Reproduction is the perpetuation of life. The good of life is to continue to be what it already is. The spirit does not have to prescribe what it must be.

The good of the spirit is to live well as a spirit, therefore to want well, to think well, to feel well, to act well, to perceive well, to pay attention well, to imagine well, to meditate well... Ethics is the knowledge about the good of the spirit, therefore about the good life of the spirit.

A spirit is fulfilled when he lives well, when he lives as he must live.

The original sin
''" Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?

''And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:

''But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.

''And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:

''For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.

''And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat.

And the eyes of them both were opened " (Genesis'', 3, 1-7 )

Everyone or almost everyone claims to be rational. Almost no one makes the effort to really respect reason.

The misuse of thought and will causes great suffering. The proper use of thought and will alleviates much suffering.

We believe we know good and evil well, but we do not know them well. Believing that we know good and evil well when we do not know them is the cause of much evil doing. This is the fundamental error, the original sin.

Legend has it that the forbidden fruit is sexual pleasure. Nothing could be further from the truth. The forbidden fruit is the knowledge of good and evil, the ethical knowledge.

The myth of the original sin can be interpreted rationally: if we believe we know good and evil well when we do not know them, we condemn ourselves to misfortune. This warning is not hopeless, because at the same time it states the problem - a poor knowledge of the good - it also indicates the solution: a good knowledge of the good.

A good will is to will the good
A good will is necessarily to will the good, to want to do it as much as one can. If a spirit does not want his own good or that of others, he is misusing his will. It only remains for him to destroy himself, or to destroy others.

A spirit must not destroy himself, he must persevere in his being, he must live for the spirit.

That the spirit must be for the spirit has a very down-to-earth meaning: we must work to have good living conditions. If we do not make efforts, we necessarily live rather badly. If a spirit wants to enjoy life, he must give himself the means, he must work for himself and for others.

The will to persevere in one's being is a necessary condition of good will, but it is not sufficient. The spirit must live for the good of the spirit, not only for the spirit to live. Organized crime lives to continue living and it is not a good of the spirit.

To live well, we have to want to live well. One cannot live well without having a good will. The spirit must want the good of the spirit.

Since a good will is good, we must want the good will to continue when we want the good. It is the circle of the perpetuation of the life of the spirit.

A good will is central and fundamental, because to think well, to act well, to feel well, to perceive well, to pay attention well, to imagine well, to meditate well... is to think, act, feel, perceive, pay attention, imagine, meditate... in accordance with a good will (Kant 1785).

To want the good, to perceive, imagine, think, feel and act for the good is to live for the good.

The good of the spirit is to live for the good. For a spirit, to live well is to live for the good.

The love of the good is desire, knowledge and action. To love the good is to want it, and to perceive, imagine, think, feel and act to achieve it, as far as possible. To love the good is to live for the good.

The good of the spirit is to love the good. A spirit is fulfilled by loving the good, by desire, knowledge and action.

We can make decisions about how we make decisions. A spirit can exercise his will on his way of exercising his will. We can decide to adopt principles that determine the good we must seek. We thus decide to always decide in accordance with the principles that we have adopted. We can decide to always make our decisions by wanting the good.

An action motivated by good will is good, even if it misses its goal, because a good will is good. Conversely, an action which is not motivated by good will is not a good, even if it has beneficial consequences, because the absence of good will is an evil. Intentions are essential for evaluating actions, because a good will is the basic condition for a good life, but it does not mean that we can ignore the consequences: we have a duty to foresee the consequences of our actions, as much as is possible and adapted to the situation.

A remark on circular definitions : principles such as "matter is what interacts with matter", "a natural number is either zero or the successor of a natural number" and "the good is that the spirit lives for the good" are not at fault. They determine the meaning of fundamental concepts. Formally we translate them by axioms. Informally, we can say that they are true by definition, or that they define the fundamental concepts. Circular definitions are forbidden only for derived concepts, defined from basic concepts. But they are not forbidden for fundamental concepts, because axioms can be considered as implicit definitions of fundamental concepts.

Living for the good of all spirits
We cannot do the good of others against their will because we cannot make their decisions for them. Their good is that they have a good will and that they exercise it freely. Since we do not have the duty to do what we cannot do, we could conclude that we never have the duty to do the good of others, that we should only take care of our own good. Can a selfish spirit, who lives only for his own good, without worrying about the good of other spirits, live well?

We cannot do the good of others for them, but we can give them the means to do it, or on the contrary, prevent them from living a good life.

A selfish spirit renounces his social nature. He can be good for other spirits but he gives up this good. He is a withering spirit.

A spirit lives well by being good for himself and his surroundings. But he can also be good for everyone, because the fruits of reason are universal. When a spirit knows reason, he knows at the same time what is good for him and what is good for everyone else. By revealing reason, a spirit proves to himself, and to everyone else, that he can be good for all spirits, because we can all benefit from the fruits of reason.

By refusing to be good for others, a selfish spirit renounces at the same time to be really good for himself, because he deprives himself of the power of reason. We learn at the same time to be good for ourselves and to be good for others. If we do not know how to be good for others, we do not know how to be good for ourselves.

A spirit lives a good life when he lives for the good of all spirits, his own and that of all others. The good of a spirit cannot be separated from the good of all spirits.

"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in any other person, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means" (Kant, 1785). To consider a spirit only as a means is to deliberately ignore his good. To really consider him as an end, we have to want his good.

To love a spirit is to live for his good. Reason prescribes to live for the good of all spirits, therefore to love them.

« You shall love your neighbor as yourself » (Leviticus 19, 18) is not only a religious principle, it is also a rationalist principle. If human beings do not want to help each other, reason can not be among them.

Hatred drives us mad because it is contrary to reason, which prescribes us to always want the good of all spirits. If we want to keep reason, we must "love our enemies" (Matthew 5, 44). We must forgive because hatred prevents us from wanting the good, and therefore from living a good life.

Reason asks us to love all minds, but love cannot be commanded. Emotions are not directly under the control of the will. We do not decide to be moved. We do not choose to love. Loving our enemies may seem impossible or absurd. Yet reason does not demand the impossible.

Good and bad schemas
The Buddha (the awakened one):

''"He insulted me, he beat me, he defeated me, he stole me". Do they attach themselves to these reproaches: there is no appeasement for their hatred.''

''"He insulted me, he beat me, he defeated me, he stole me". Do they not attach themselves to these reproaches: appeasement for their hatred.''

Certainly, in this world never hatred appeases hatred, but absence of hatred does : eternal law.

(Dhammapada 3-5)

Interpretation is part of perception. The perception of reality therefore depends on our decisions. As reality exists for us only from its perception, we make our own reality when we choose our interpretations.

The Buddha awakened when he understood that he was the creator of his perception of reality, like a dreamer who wakes up realizing that he has dreamed.

The perception of reality does not depend only on our decisions. We are not free to invent perceived reality in the same way that we are free to invent any fantasy. We must take into account the testimony of the senses and introspection.

The perception of reality can be more or less adapted to what is not dependent on us, to the external or internal reality that we have not decided.

The interpretation of reality depends on our preconceptions. We give ourselves schemas, systems of preconceptions or principles, which determine our ways of perceiving, how we anticipate the consequences of our actions and how we make our decisions. We need good schemas to adapt to reality. As long as we do not have a schema, we do not know how to interpret what we perceive. But the schemas that we have internalized are not always good. Bad schemas prevent one from adapting to reality, they blind, they weaken, they cause suffering, they make the same mistakes repeat over and over again, they lock up in seemingly hopeless situations, they afflict and condemn. Good schemas reveal the possibilities that reality offers us, they enlighten, they make strong, they alleviate suffering, they show how to learn the lessons of experience, they give the power to avoid or overcome obstacles, they rejoice and give reasons to hope.

The schemas method: identify maladaptive schemas and modify or replace them with better ones.

The principle of the schemas method is easy to state but not always easy to apply. Identifying inappropriate schemas always requires conscientious work. Finding the good schemas is not always easy either. A little common sense is enough to solve a lot of problems, but not all of them.

The principle of the schemas method is a principle of common sense. We need good schemas and good principles to perceive well, think well and decide well.

The schemas method of is based on the capacity of the spirit to form himself, to program himself, by making decisions. We are not doomed to suffer the effects of bad schemas. Choosing good schemas, based on good principles, comes down to giving oneself good programs, in order to perceive well, think well, feel well, act well and live well.

The schemas method is applied in many fields, psychotherapy (Jeffrey Young 2003, Jean Cottraux 2001 ...), sexual freedom, self-rehabilitation of ex-convicts (Shadd Maruna 2008) ... It can be applied in all areas where human intelligence is exercised, because it invites us to make full use of the powers of intelligence.

The schemas method of cannot be exercised in a tyrannical way. It can only be effective by the will of those who use it. Its power is that of conscience, intelligence and good will. Without real voluntary work of conscience, it cannot bear fruit.

The potential of the schemas method is a priori unlimited. As soon as good principles and good schemas are recognized, they are adopted by all those who understand that they make more competent, stronger, more lucid. If they are really good, really useful, they naturally impose themselves on all those to whom they serve. By inventing or developing good schemas and good theories with good principles, one can make oneself useful for all spirits.

The good knowledge
To have a good will, one needs good knowledge. We have to know the good we want and the reality where we are. And we must know them well: perceive well, imagine well the consequences of our decisions, feel well and think well.

To think well, we must not just believe what we like, we must know good reasons to believe what we believe. We must be able to justify what we think we know with good principles, good observations and good reasoning.

We do not always have to be experts to think well, but we always need a minimum of common sense to recognize good principles and apply them correctly.

We know and respect reason when we reason correctly with good principles and good observations.

We recognize good principles by their fruits. They bear fruit when they help us to live a good life.

Reason is good for all spirits. Its fruits are universal. Good observations, good principles and good reasoning are good for everyone. The great principles reveal the power of reason. They give all spirits the means to acquire all knowledge, to understand all spirits and to reveal all the benefits of reason.

By learning what the great principles teach us, we also learn that we can think for the good of all spirits. To be good for all spirits is not an unattainable ideal. This is the reality of rational thought.

For knowledge to be shared, it must draw only on common resources, accessible to all. One might think that it is a very restrictive limit, that by depriving oneself of private resources, one also deprives oneself of the best of knowledge, but the exact opposite is true. Our intelligence is the most powerful just when it is limited to common resources. It is by helping each other that we discover best the power of our intelligence, that we develop the best knowledge and that we make reason live.

When we understand that reason is universal, we understand at the same time the great principle on which we can found all rational knowledge. Everything happens just like if reason was a generous divinity, who gives wisdom to those who really want to know it. The first truth about reason is precisely that it is generous. It is not jealous, it does not deprive us of the best. It would not be the best if it deprived any of us of the best. « It is not possible that the divinity be envious. » (Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book A, 983a) Knowing that knowledge can be shared by all, we have the fundamental knowledge which enables us to understand all rational knowledge.

Emotions for a good life
To live well we need to think well. But we do not have in advance all the good principles and all the good schemas that help us make good decisions. We must continually learn new ways of thinking and perceiving.

We need emotions to learn how to live a good life. They signal what is important. They teach us what to look for, when they are pleasant, and what to avoid, when they are not. They warn us about what can help us live well, or on the contrary what prevent us from living well. They give knowledge of reality by giving us the means to assess it.

The same decision can have many consequences, some pleasant, others not. The exercise of a good will requires an overview and a balanced appreciation of the foreseeable consequences. An emotion that is too weak prevents us from realizing what is important. Too strong an emotion stifles other emotions and blinds us too. For emotions to help us live, we need the golden middle way, not too much, not too little (Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics).

Emotions enlighten us by showing us how to assess ends and means. But they can also blind us. A particular emotion only shows one aspect of the situation. If it is strong, it can prevent having a balanced overview and lead us to a biased, intolerant and unfair decision. Emotions are not opposed to reason like enemies, because they enlighten us on the means of a good life, but like particular interests which sometimes oppose the common interest.

Pleasures are indicators of a good life. But a good life is not reduced to the search for pleasures. A good will cannot be reduced to obedience to emotions because it requires a balanced appreciation of all the foreseeable consequences of our decisions. Following the pleasure of the moment is not good will, above all we need good principles and good schemas.

Reason is not above passions, because we need emotions to evaluate our reasoning. Emotions are not against reason, but the emotional imbalance is. Too strong an emotion prevents us from having a balanced judgment. Reason requires us to have a balanced overview. Emotional balance is a necessary condition of reason.

To think well, we have to feel well. But since emotions depend on our thoughts, to feel well we have to think well. There is therefore a virtuous circle of emotions and thoughts: emotional balance promotes the development of balanced thinking that strengthens emotional balance. Conversely, there is a vicious circle of emotional imbalance. Emotional imbalance leads to imbalanced thinking which amplifies emotional imbalance.

Feeling well, having emotions that help us adapt to reality in accordance with a good will, is part of virtue ((Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Hursthouse 2001)). Virtue requires emotional balance, but emotions do not obey the orders of the will. How then can we want to feel as we must feel?

The triggering of emotions is not directly under the control of the will, but the emotions are not all powerful against the will. One can voluntarily control the expression of emotions, retain or release them. We can also voluntarily control the conditions, external and internal, which trigger them. In particular, emotions depend on the ways of interpreting reality. We can use our thought to modify our emotional reactions by changing our interpretations. By voluntarily controlling our interpretations, we can gain mastery over our emotions. Through thought, self-consciousness is powerful enough to appease or extinguish the fire of emotions. So we can exercise our good will to learn to feel well, to love and to be balanced.

The extinction of dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction (dukkha) is always suffering, because we suffer from frustration. Suffering is always dissatisfaction, because we would like not to suffer.

The Buddha, in the Speech to set in motion the wheel of knowledge (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, SN 56,11):

''“Here is the Noble Truth known as dukkha. Birth is dukkha, aging is also dukkha, illness is also dukkha, death is also dukkha, to be united with what one does not love is dukkha, to be separated from what one loves is dukkha, not getting what one wants is also dukkha.

''Here is the Noble Truth known as the cause of dukkha. It is this "thirst" producing re-existence and re-becoming and which is linked to a passionate greed, which finds a new enjoyment sometimes here, sometimes there, that is to say the thirst for the pleasures of the senses, thirst for existence and becoming and thirst for non-existence.

''Here is the Noble Truth known as the cessation of dukkha. It is the complete cessation of this "thirst", it is to abandon it, to give it up, to liberate oneself from it, to get rid of it.

''Here is the Noble Truth known as the path leading to the cessation of dukkha. This is the Noble Eightfold Path, namely: right perception, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right attention, and right meditation. "

We are dissatisfied from birth, because we would like to be what we are not yet. Old age is unsatisfactory, because we would like to still be what we are no longer. Generally speaking, we are dissatisfied when we want what is not, to be, or when we want what is, not to be.

The cause of dissatisfaction is always a "thirst", a craving, a desire or a will. When a desire cannot or must not be satisfied, we can still extinguish our dissatisfaction by suppressing our thirst, renouncing our desire and modifying our will. Nirvana means extinction.

A path of wisdom is not a renunciation of all desires - no wisdom without a desire for wisdom, no good life without a desire to live - but it is not a path of dissatisfaction, because a desire for wisdom is not doomed to frustration. A true desire for true wisdom is the exact opposite of the torment of Tantalus (Homer, Odysseus, XI): it suffices to bend down for clear water to appear, because a true desire for true wisdom is already a true wisdom.

''" It is with the understanding: "This Noble Truth known as the path leading to the cessation of dukkha has been walked" that, in the things which had not been heard before, the vision has risen in me, knowledge has risen in me, wisdom has risen in me, science has risen in me, light has risen in me." (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta)''

Virtue is to be always ready to perceive well, pay attention well, imagine well, feel well, think well, want well, act well, meditate well... or almost always. Virtues are special ways of being virtuous.

Virtue is necessary for a good life, but it is not enough. On its own, it does not cure diseases, it does not stop the hand of the torturers, it does not save from misery. To live a good life a spirit needs favorable conditions in addition to virtue: health, peace and prosperity.

Virtue is not given in advance. A spirit must learn to be what it must be. When he learns to be virtuous, a spirit is not yet what he must be, because he must learn it, but in another way he is already what he must be, because he must learn, because the learning phase must be. Learning to be virtuous is already starting to be virtuous, because wanting the good is good. The desire for wisdom is the beginning of wisdom. When we love the good, we love what is already there, not just a good that we desire without having it, because the love of the good is the good. “Whoever drinks this water will never be thirsty again because it is a source from which life springs endlessly." (John 4, 14)

Next chapter: What is knowledge? >>>


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User talk:47.19.52.21

 * Or else what? Or else we report you to your school? Or else we block this IP-address globally? -- Tegel (discuss • contribs) 16:57, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * kill yourself, Tegel. 47.19.52.21 (discuss) 17:00, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * How do you think that type of language will get you unblocked? -- Tegel (discuss • contribs) 17:03, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Because all ips hate you. 47.19.52.21 (discuss) 17:04, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * No, they don't. Only the users that vandalise might dislike me, but that is only because I do my job. Now back to school. -- Tegel (discuss • contribs) 17:06, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:47.19.52.21


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Computer Literacy/Software

Why do computers behave the way they do? And why do some computers behave differently than others? Here we learn about software, the essence that makes computers do what they do.

Specialized computers
Some computers do only one thing. For example, the embedded computer inside kitchen scale cares only about measuring weight. Let's look at a few other examples.

Can you think of other specialized computers that focus on one task?

Apps
Other computers, for example smartphones, have some basic functions like calling and sending text messages, but they can also run many apps that do a variety of tasks.

 * calculator app
 * alarm clock / timer
 * book reader

Can you name other apps? Did you use some of them?

Apps have many advantages. You can pack a lot of apps in one device. Apps usually don't cost you anything. And it is easy to replace misbehaving app with a better one.

Apps are also called applications, programs, or software.

Intelligent computers
Computers are not smart like humans. They cannot think and act with reason. Not yet anyway. But they sometimes come close. Echo, a kind of smart speaker, is a computer able to communicate with Alexa to answer questions about a number of topics. Many apps can do the same.

title: Computer Literacy/Software


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User:Rtucker913

Welcome to my Wikibooks page. I'm not sure what I'll be doing here if I'll be doing anything. I may mess around with the "Chess opening theory" page.

title: User:Rtucker913


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User talk:VladimirAbaev

Two pages you created recently, Fuzzy logic calculator and Fuzzy arithmetic (mathematics) calculator, have been deleted. This website is Wikibooks (see Using Wikibooks to read more about what this website is all about) and such pages don't seem to belong here. Neither page seemed to be the start of a book or part of a book.

--ЗAНИA talk 09:02, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:VladimirAbaev


text: User talk:1.152.108.55

title: User talk:1.152.108.55


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Anorgaaniline keemia

Please delete

Anorgaaniline Keemia

as it should be in Estonian, i.e. under et. Sorry for the inconvenience. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.40.193.10 (talk • contribs) 15:55, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

✅ Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 16:02, 24 November 2018 (UTC)


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/A Beginner's Guide to Contributing to Wikipedia

Lacks relevant content, practically abandoned. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 18:03, 17 December 2018 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] Delete There's really nothing there to help someone else who might choose to pick it up; the original creator didn't write out whatever more may have been in their mind. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 18:25, 17 December 2018 (UTC)

 * JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 06:42, 18 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I think there's a more in depth guide available at Wikiversity. --Cohaf (discuss • contribs) 13:07, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Though I doubt the existence of a guide on another sister would discourage us from having one here (just as we can have more than one book on a subject ourselves), in this case one could scarcely be less in-depth. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 13:36, 11 January 2019 (UTC)


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Geodesic Grids

The original author has tagged this book for speedy-deletion citing author request. However, the book is well-developed; can the book still be deleted in this case? I would lean towards rejecting the request. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 05:22, 2 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I've removed the deletion requests - you don't want it deleted (so the RFD isn't needed) and it is not a valid speedy deletion. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 09:44, 2 January 2019 (UTC)

Original author here. There are a number of issues with the content itself, although it might be formatted well :) I asked in Reading_room/Archives/2018/January about moving the pages en masse into my sandbox, but I no longer think it's recoverable as a whole. I've brought some of the valid content onto Wikipedia where appropriate, in e.g. w:Geodesic polyhedron and w:Goldberg–Coxeter construction. But yes, I do want this book deleted. -Apocheir (discuss • contribs) 13:22, 2 January 2019 (UTC) On hold. Now that the author has said that he plans to export the relevant section to Wikipedia articles and has cited quality issues with the book, I think it can be deleted. Waiting a day for objections. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 13:36, 2 January 2019 (UTC)


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/List of misconceptions about TamashiiHiroka

Seems irrelevant. SelfieCity (discuss • contribs) 06:35, 23 February 2019 (UTC)


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Template:Choice

This template shows a message box explaining choices made in the book.

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title: Template:Choice


text: User talk:Shiftindia

title: User talk:Shiftindia


text: User talk:ShiftinindiaPune

title: User talk:ShiftinindiaPune


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User:Dcb1986

Hi!

title: User:Dcb1986


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Talk:Operating System Design/Thread

I don't think this content is correct. Ex. "If a program uses one process, and the[...]": A program don't have a process. A process is a program in execution.
 * However it can engender es. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 20:37, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Operating System Design/Thread


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Talk:History of New York State/Pre-Colonial History and the "Province of New York"

Was this written by an undergraduate or less-than-ably skilled writer? I keep finding simplistic errors and the occasional substitution of "shrek" for proper names. For shame!
 * [//en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_New_York_State/Pre-Colonial_History_and_the_%22Province_of_New_York%22&diff=prev&oldid=3623237 That one was malevolent]. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 20:39, 9 January 2020 (UTC)


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User:Rafiuds

hello.

title: User:Rafiuds


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Coveillance.org

Coveillance is defined as the act of "watching the watchers."

This is a book about surveillance.

Start Here!

 * 1) History of Surveillance
 * 2) Types of Surveillance
 * 3) Taking Action
 * 4) Legislative Action
 * 5) Personal Privacy Checkup

Workshop Facilitator Guide

 * 1) History of Surveillance
 * 2) Workshop Activities
 * 3) Mapping Data Stories

How to Contribute
Creating a Page Be sure to have "Coveillance.org/" prepended in front of your page title. Here is a handy link to create a new page.

Editing an Existing Page In the upper right hand corner, next to the search bar, you should see tabs that say "Read", "Edit", and "View History." Here is a longer description.

title: Coveillance.org


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Coveillance.org/Types of Surveillance

Surveillance is the act of collecting data to monitor or manipulate a person's behavior. The two main types of surveillance are active and passive.

Active surveillance targets an individual.

Passive surveillance is done by mass collecting data and retroactively looking at it, sort of like a "dragnet".

Surveillance can be done via many different types of technology. The main types are listed below.

Online surveillance
Online behavior is easy to monitor.

Targeted Ads Targeted ads collect your personal information as you browse the internet through cookies.

Outdoor surveillance
Security Cameras Watching your neighbor's backyard is legal.

ALPRs Automated license plate readers

title: Coveillance.org/Types of Surveillance


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Coveillance.org/cookie

Cookies are small files that hold personal information such as site settings and preferences. A tracking cookie or third party cookie is a cookie that is not affiliated with the site (e.g., a cookie containing preferences for adwords.com when you are visiting facebook.com).

title: Coveillance.org/cookie


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User talk:Pmkmetals

What Is CNC Machine?
CNC stands for Computer Numerical control.CNC Machine is used for handling machine through computer programing,and provide accurate results for us.In this era basically CNC Machine are use for manufacturing machine parts.

title: User talk:Pmkmetals


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Template:Setup

This template can be used to describe setup instructions that aren't part of the main text flow, perhaps because they are intended to be read by educators rather than students.

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title: Template:Setup


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Talk:Computer Science Design Patterns/Strategy

FunctionalUtils should be a factory
Hello,

Would it not be better to make the FunctionalUtils in je java8 example a factory class? It would have a better name that reflects it's purpose.


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Venom Academy/Ethical Hacking/Vulnerability Scanning

Definitions and Concept
We have traveled through different activities and lab exercises. Now you are able to perform information gathering and other activities. But our main target is to engage with the target and hijack authority and authenticity. One important thing to keep in mind is that hackers make use of what we call "vulnerabilities". Everything can has vulnerabilities including people themselves. In our example we are looking at computers. Now that we have performed information gathering, we need to find vulnerabilities that we can exploit.

What are vulnerabilities?
Vulnerabilities are flaws, disadvantages or extra-based mediums of something. Vulnerabilities are either there to be exploited or to be patched. We shall be looking at a few examples. Keep in mind that everything has a vulnerability, its just up to you to find it. In a nutshell as a penetration tester or ethical hacker, you will be hired to find vulnerabilities by organizations. As said before, anything can be vulnerable in an organization.

Examples
As we already know that anything can be a vulnerability. Sometimes we can find vulnerabilities in different ways. Below is a list that a penetration tester or ethical hacker may use as a checklist:

 * 1) Vulnerabilities are mostly people who work for the organization. Mostly people who are less educated or lack the basic knowledge on cyber security can be potential vulnerabilities.
 * 2) Services that are offered by Computing machines are common vulnerabilities, for example in a windows XP machine that runs an SMB service can be included as a vulnerability.
 * 3) Most old machines use the autoplay/autorun feature, which is also a potential vulnerability because malicious files may be executed on the machine using removable hardware

Finding vulnerabilities
With all the knowledge that we have, as a penetration tester, one of the most important skills to remember is vulnerability scanning. Lets go over a bit of theory over vulnerability scanners.

What are they?
Vulnerability scanners are softwares that are built to spot vulnerabilities in target systems using networking flags. There are quite a number of vulnerability scanners out there, but we will only focus on two of them in particular Nessus and OpenVAS. But we will look more into Nessus than OpenVAS.

Nessus
Nessus is a proprietary vulnerability scanner developed by Tenable, Inc. Nessus works on windows, Linux and Mac. The recent version of nessus is built to work on a web interface. Nessus can expose vulnerabilities such as:

 * Vulnerabilities that allow privileged escallation
 * Missing patched in the system
 * Vulnerabilities of weak passwords
 * Denial of Service

OpenVAS
OpenVAS is a Vulnerability Assessment tool, which is sometimes called "GNessUs" OpenVAS operates on a framework (Command-line interface)


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User:Atlas.Spheres

Currently trying Wikibooks as an appropriate medium for a project with the Arizona Western College Honors Colloquium. We are exploring the connections between sense of place and sustainability in our bioregion- the Sonoran Desert. Sustainability and Sense of Place in the Sonoran Desert

title: User:Atlas.Spheres


text:
Puzzles/Chess puzzles/Rook Tour Around Spawns

Solutions: A rook is on the 7X7 chess board is surrounded by 9 spawns arranging in such a way. What is the move that rook should take in order to cover all the chessboard area that do not eating up the spawns


text: User talk:2600:387:1:813:0:0:0:B4

title: User talk:2600:387:1:813:0:0:0:B4


text:
Top Tips For Chess Organisers

This is a book about how to get ordinary amateurs to sit down and play chess with each other, without throwing the pieces at you in frustration.

It covers some of the problems chess organisers before you had to think about, and some of the solutions they came up with. For example: if you've got 10 teams in your chess league and one of them plays all their matches at the same venue, is it better for them to be team 1 in the draw or team 10? (There is a right answer, which is in Chapter 1.)

Since you'd rather be organising chess than reading this book, it won't cover the things that an educated 10-year-old could have thought of, like "It is important to ensure that there is enough light". No-one has ever set out to provide not enough light.

Table of Contents

 * 1) /All-play-all Tournaments and the Berger Tables/
 * 2) /The Swiss System/
 * 3) /Knockouts and other Peculiar Beasts/
 * 4) /Breaking Ties/
 * 5) /Eligibility Rules in Team Tournaments/
 * 6) /Rating Systems/
 * 7) /Chess Clocks and Time Controls/
 * 8) /Other Equipment/
 * 9) /The Laws of Chess: FAQs/
 * 10) /Running a Chess Club/
 * 11) /Ideas for Teaching Chess/

title: Top Tips For Chess Organisers


text:
Voter's Guide/United States/Abortion

= Oregon Expenditures on Abortion Services, Measure 7 (1978) =

The Oregon Expenditures on Abortion Services Amendment, also known as Measure 7, was on the November 7, 1978 ballot in Oregon as an initiated constitutional amendment, where it was defeated. The measure would have prohibited any state agency from spending any public money for abortions and from providing any programs or services promoting abortion.

 * 1) Oregon Ballot Measure 43, Parental Notification for a Minor's Abortion (2006)
 * 2) Oregon Expenditures on Abortion Services, Measure 7 (1978)
 * 3) Oregon Limited State Funding of Abortions, Measure 6 (1986)
 * 4) Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (2018)
 * 5) Oregon Notice to Minor’s Parents Before an Abortion, Measure 10 (1990)
 * 6) Oregon Prohibition of Abortion and Exceptions, Measure 8 (1990)

= Free taxpayer-funded abortions? What Oregon's new reproductive health law does (and doesn't) do = By Gordon R. Friedman | The Oregonian/OregonLive

This summer, Gov. Kate Brown signed legislation expanding the reproductive services that insurers must provide if they sell health plans in Oregon. Among those services: abortion.

That pro vision is one reason House Bill 3391, also called the Reproductive Health Equity Act, passed along totally partisan lines. Not a single Republican in the state House or Senate supported it.

Proponents of the law say it provides valuable health care services for women. The House Democratic Caucus praised it for its guarantee of “comprehensive reproductive health care” for Oregon women with zero out-of-pocket costs.

"I believe that affordable access to reproductive health care shouldn't depend on who you are, where you live, or how much you earn," Rep. Julie Fahey, D-Eugene, said in a statement when the bill passed. "Health care is a basic human right."

Critics pan it for building on Oregon’s already lax restrictions on access to abortion. When the bill passed the Senate, the Republican Caucus in that chamber said the bill “forces Oregonians to fund late-term, sex-sele ctive abortions.”

"We should be protecting innocent life, and we should be protecting baby girls from being killed simply for being female," Sen. Kim Thatcher, R-Keizer, said in a statement. "No one should be forced to pay for gendercide against their conscience."

There's no evidence to support Thatcher's claim, given a lack of data. Sex selection techniques like sperm sorting are available at many fertility clinics, but the choice comes before pregnancy, not during.

Oregon Expenditures on Abortion Services, Measure 7; Ballotpedia (1978)

[https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2017/08/free_taxpayer-funded_abortions.html Free taxpayer-funded abortions? What Oregon's new reproductive health law does (and doesn't) do; Gordon R. Friedman, The Oregonian/OregonLive, August 2017]

title: Voter's Guide/United States/Abortion


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