text:
World War II/Fall of Denmark and Norway

Northern Europe in German and British strategic considerations
One of the few books that Adolf Hitler read on the topic of naval strategy was The Sea Strategy of the World War (1929) by Wolfgang Wegener, a former Vice Admiral of the German Imperial Navy of World War I. In it, the author confidently asserted that the German navy, which in the world war had proven an uninspired besieged force under constant naval blockade, could have drastically improved its own position vis-a-vis its British rival if only the German Empire had moved swiftly in the opening phases of the war to seize neutral Norway, whose ports would have exposed the northern flank of British naval defenses. Nonetheless, the German military buildup was decisively bipolar rather than tripolar; the navy was left underprioritized compared to the army and air force, whose combined operations were understood by German military and political planners as decisive in any land-based conflict. The German naval commander-in-chief, Erich Raeder, continuously attempted to gain Hitler's attention and support for a more decisive naval expansion program, such as when he held a presentation on his "Basic Thoughts about the Conduct of Naval Warfare" on 2 February 1937.

The potentially exposed position of Northern Europe to a renewed British naval thrust worried German naval and economic planners, particularly with a view towards iron ore imports from Sweden. The General Plenipotentiary for the Economy's office calculated German iron ore imports in the year 1937 to have been ~20,620,000 tons, of which ~9,076,000 tons were produced in Sweden. Of this Swedish production, ~4,889,000 tons were transported from the iron ore mines in northern Sweden westwards across the Norwegian border and then shipped to Germany from the Norwegian seaport of Narvik. The iron ore transport ships thus travelled along the Norwegian coast, only protected by the diplomatic entanglements of Norwegian neutrality from a potential British attack in case of a war between Germany and the United Kingdom.

British and German plans against Norway
With the outbreak of war in September 1939, the Western Allies began to calculate avenues of attack against Germany. In a draft paper by the British chiefs of staff on 4 September, the Chamberlain cabinet was warned that, although unlikely, a preemptive German occupation of Norway was a distinct possibility. In the minds of the British planners, the Germans could execute such a move to prevent any British intervention in Norway that could cut German iron ore supplies.

One of the British ministers particularly enthusiastic about experimental military action was Winston Churchill. Not yet the prime minister, Churchill served under Chamberlain as the First Lord of the Admiralty, i.e. as the civilian minister for naval affairs. As early as 19 September 1939, Churchill suggested with some urgency that neutral Norway's territorial waters should be aggressively mined by the Royal Navy to force German ships out of Norway's neutrality zones, where they could more freely be attacked by the Royal Navy. This move was at this point rejected by the British cabinet, which feared the political ramifications that could be caused among neutral nations if Britain were to start mining neutral waters. Churchill later went on to win approval for a less internationally divisive scheme when he presented on 19 November a plan for a mine barrier between Norwegian waters and the Orkney islands, as had already happened once before during World War I.

On 10 October 1939, German naval chief Raeder once again broached the topic of northern European security with Hitler; in a presentation to the dictator, Raeder stressed the critical dependency of Germany upon Swedish iron ore exports through Norwegian waters and also pitched the idea that Norwegian seaports might be useful as submarine bases for interdiction warfare against British naval imports. At this point in time, a quick victory over France seemed unlikely, which made Norwegian ports an appealing alternative to French ports in the support of German submarine warfare. Raeder was personally motivated by the rivalry inside the German armed forces; whereas army and air force received high degrees of attention, naval officers often felt neglected by the German political leadership. As a result, Raeder hoped to gain political influence and additional financial resources for his naval forces if Hitler were to decide on action against Norway.

The importance of Northern Europe was drastically increased with the outbreak of the Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland on 30 November 1939. Meanwhile, the Germans were aggressively courted by a potential collaborator in Norway. The Norwegian career soldier Vidkun Quisling, leader of a Nazi-inspired party in Norway, the Nasjonal Samling, met with Raeder on 11 December, having done so on the suggestion to Raeder by Nazi chief ideologue Alfred Rosenberg which Rosenberg made to Raeder after another of the latter's attempts to convince Hitler of the necessity of preemptive German operations in Norway. Quisling, offering himself as the leader of a German-aligned government for the case of a German invasion of Norway, warned that a British preemptive attack against Norway might be imminent. Although unimpressed with Quisling as a person and potential leader of a German-allied Norway, Raeder was nonetheless alarmed at Quisling's suggestion that the Norwegian government might choose to not resist a British landing in Norway, thus effectively joining the Allies without a fight and denying Germany's iron ore supply.

Quisling subsequently had two meetings with Hitler on 14 and 18 December 1939, again discussing the potential British threat against Norway.

At about the same time, Churchill continued pushing the British cabinet towards naval action towards Norway. He reiterated his support for the mining of Norwegian waters on 16 December, and argued to the cabinet on 18 December that the United Kingdom could only gain advantages from the involvement of Norway and Sweden in the war. On 2 January 1940, Churchill pressed his case that British naval action in Norwegian waters might provoke a full-scale German invasion of the country, which would force Norway into the war on the Allied side and thus benefit Britain. Finally, on 6 January, the War Cabinet relented to Churchill's prodding and issued orders to senior naval commanders to assure British combat readiness for a Norwegian mission. However, the War Cabinet rejected on 12 January Churchill's own preferred plan of action towards Narvik, leading to lengthy discussions of a potential three-pronged attack on 19 January 1940, with "Operation Avonmouth" aimed at Narvik, "Operation Stafford" at Trondheim, Bergen and Stavanger, and "Operation Plymouth" at Trondheim, with the latter designed to bring sufficient forces to the Norwegian mainland to potentially involve Sweden in the war as well. The large associated resource allotment – 80,000 men, 10,000 vehicles, and a 60-day landing operation involving 12 passenger liners and 39 store ships, caused severe scepticism among the ranks of the War Cabinet, however.

Just one day after the War Cabinet's discussion of the Avonmouth–Stafford–Plymouth trifecta, the German armed forces' high command (OKW) finished its own preliminary draft for an invasion of Norway, simply titled Studie Nord, "Study North".

Political pressure on the Allied leaders remained high after the unsanctimonious disaster on the Polish front and after the less than satisfying follow-up to the public outcry over the Soviet invasion of Finland, which was still ongoing due to the remarkable resilience of the Finnish defenders. On 5 February 1940, the Allied Supreme War Council decided during a Paris meeting to solve both the iron ore problem and the PR disaster with a joint strike against Norway and Sweden. British and French troops were to land on Norway's coasts, then to march into Sweden to seize the Swedish iron ore mines, and to eventually open supply routes to northern Finland so that the Western Allied could bring volunteer units to reinforce Helsinki's tenuous position.

On 16 February 1940, the "Altmark Incident" accelerated German preparations for an attack against Norway. The German tanker Altmark, which carried 299 British prisoners of war, was attacked and forced to surrender by HMS Cossack inside Norwegian waters. Hitler now fixated on the idea that Norwegian neutrality, which was obviously not respected by the Royal Navy, had become useless to Germany as a political assurance. He subsequently ordered the acceleration for the German operation,now dubbed Weserübung, "Weser Exercise", on 19 February and agreed with OKW chief Wilhelm Keitel on army general Nikolaus von Falkenhorst as a viable candidate to lead the operation. Falkenhorst's experience as an operations officer in the Baltic theater of World War I was an important argument in his nomination. Falkenhorst was summoned to the Reich Chancellery, where he was informed by Hitler on 20 February about Weser Exercise. On Hitler's orders, he quickly worked out a preliminary operational plan based on a tourist guide he bought in Berlin, and presented it later the same afternoon to Hitler's approval.

Falkenhorst took command of his staff, the subsequent XXI Army Corps, on 26 February, and presented a more elaborate plan to Hitler on the 29th. A critical innovation made by Falkenhorst was the occupation of northern Denmark, which had so far played only a minor role in the various considerations by German and British planners. Hitler approved this amendment, and promptly expanded it to include the entirety of Denmark. The dictator also definitively decreed that Vidkun Quisling was to play no role whatsoever in the invasion – even though Quisling would reappear later.

Hitler, who guided the German war effort through several key directives over the course of the war, issued one such Leader Directive (Führerweisung), numbered 11, on 1 March 1940. The plan did not yet have a specific timetable, but placed the air force contingents under Falkenhorst's command. This would go on to outrage the commander-in-chief of the German air force (Luftwaffe), Hermann Göring, who during a conference on the 5th of March managed to change Hitler's mind, thus placing the air force back under his command. Falkenhorst was subsequently forced to visit Göring at his personal estate ("Karinhall") on the 7th to informally discuss the German air force's dispositions for Norway.

The mutual distrust between the two sides peaked in March 1940; German naval high command warned of a British concentration of forces at Scapa Flow in preparation for an invasion of Norway on 8 March, which led to an all-out military emergency in Germany on 11 March. The imminence of this threat was however decreased when the Winter War ended with a negotiated settlement and a conditional Finnish defeat on 12 March. In spite of this strategic setback, Churchill continued to argue in the War Cabinet meeting of 14 March 1940 that the Royal Navy should undertake mining operations in Norwegian waters. Pressure on the British government was increased by the French ambassador, who delivered a frustrated letter from Prime Minister Daladier – later forced to resign due to the resentment of the French public – urging military action against the German iron ore supply routes through the maritime territories of Norway. Though under increasing pressure in the House of Commons, Neville Chamberlain nevertheless held his own and swayed the cabinet away from an invasion of Norway. Instead, the British undertook "Operation Royal Marine", hoping to cause damage to Germany by letting naval mines flow down the Rhine river from the French border into the German industrial heartland.

On the German side, Raeder was anxious to finally get Weser Exercise on the road, arguing in a 26 March discussion with Hitler that a simultaneous operation against Norway and France was not feasible for the German armed forces. He pointed to the lunar cycle as a critical precondition for visibility during night operations and named new moon on 7 April as his preferred date for an invasion, and outright rejecting any date later than 15 April.

On 28 March, the Supreme Allied War Council met and decided on a 'political horse trade', exchanging the British "Operation Royal Marine", the mining of the Rhine, for the French-desired "Operation Wilfred", the mining of Norwegian waters. This agreement was mainly designed to give the new French prime minister Paul Reynaud an important domestic political victory, and paid little attention to German schemes or reactions. While British naval chiefs began to inquire about naval ranges and French troops availabilities, the Germans prepared for final conferences to prepare the invasion.

Hitler discussed Weser Exercise with all key commanders in a final conference on 1 April. On the following day, having received confirmations of operational readiness by all three branches of the armed forces, he placed the invasion date on 9 April 1940 (which was also dubbed "Weser Day") and the operational start at 04:15 in the morning (dubbed "Weser Hour"). Weser Exercise was also definitively separated into two sub-operations, with Weser Exercise North (Weserübung Nord) being directed against Norway, whereas the forces of Weser Exercise South (Weserübung Süd) were to attack Denmark.

Although Chamberlain famously taunted in public that 'Hitler had missed the bus' on 5 April, the Royal Navy was now hurrying forces to undertake its mining operations in time. Though British minelaying began on 05:00 in the morning of 8 April, eleven German naval warship groups had already left their ports on the 7th, and were headed to their rendezvous points. Just after midnight on 8/9 April, the invasion troop ships departed Wilhelmshaven and Cuxhaven, en route for Norway and Denmark.

title: World War II/Fall of Denmark and Norway


text: User talk:81.202.111.80

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.202.111.80


text:
Talk:Ada Programming/Libraries/Interfaces.C

History for the content recovered from wiki.ada-dk.org
From https://web.archive.org/web/20210921143126/http://wiki.ada-dk.org/c_bindings_example

 * 2012/01/05 19:58 c_bindings_example – [The solution] thomaslocke (current)
 * 2012/01/05 19:55 c_bindings_example – [Credits] thomaslocke
 * 2012/01/05 19:55 c_bindings_example – created thomaslocke

The footer says "Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: Public Domain"

-- ManuelGR (discuss • contribs) 20:27, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Credits and history for the C++ example from wiki.ada-dk.org
From http://web.archive.org/web/20210921143126/http://wiki.ada-dk.org/c_bindings_example

 * 2012/01/05 19:58 c_bindings_example – [The solution] thomaslocke (current)
 * 2012/01/05 19:55 c_bindings_example – [Credits] thomaslocke
 * 2012/01/05 19:55 c_bindings_example – created thomaslocke

Credits by the original author
This example was adapted from a post under the subject Need some light on using Ada or not in comp.lang.ada. The question was put forward by Luis P. Mendes and kindly answered by Brian Drummond.

-- ManuelGR (discuss • contribs) 21:29, 4 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
AI Art Generation Handbook/Censorship

In the beginning, AI Art Image Generations have safe guard rails to guards against the generations of the "unsavory" images but over the time, the safeguard is becoming more and more strict with examples such as below.

Note: All of this images were taken during the Bing Image Creator Great Purge in the late 2023/early 2024, where more innocuous prompt token were blocked for Content Warning or Unsafe Image.  Some of the blocked prompts may or may not work since then.

Images with potential likeness to real people

Within the censorship context, as the images generation are getting good as it is approaching to realistic photo (from year to year), (See DALL-E2.5) the images generated by DALL-E maybe misused by persons with ulterior motives, therefore , the AI safety committees in various AI institutes put up stricter guardrails, especially for the names of famous persons/person of interest were added in. In case of Dall-E, even the generated images with human elements are saturated to the point that it looked cartoonish rather than realistic (i.e. In this example of Henry Kissinger).

Images with political elements

In this another example, the prompts consists of political elements (especially if related to China at that time); where DALL-E blocked the possible combinations of Winnie the Pooh (with hidden connotations to the current China's premier) and the word Taiwan in the same prompt, triggering the alert for content warning and the blocking prompts from generating image.

Images with elements of body diversity
In this example, during the Bing Great Filter Purge, many of the body diversity (especially with potentially "offensive" tokens: fat, obese, skinny, dark skinned, etc ... ) are also believed to trigger the system alarm and blocking the prompt from generating the images. This is maybe misconstrue as the body shaming of such individuals or the inherent racism.

Images with potential gore elements
In this example, the skeleton may be accidentally grouped in the gore categories and perhaps that is when then, the prompts consists of skeleton maybe blocked although the skeletons image category (See: Halloween celebrations) may seems benign compared to other type of gore images

Images with religious significance
[[File:DALL-E_Censorship_due_to_religious_sensitivity.png|left|thumb|400x400px|DALL-E2 (2022) vs DALL-E3 (2024) Prompt:

Oil painting by Louis Hersent of a Catholic nun wearing a gas mask]] This is more sensitive topics in certain part of the world where certain tokens related with significant religious symbols are possibly unsafe to be generated due to its significant religious meaning.

Images with sexual undertones

Although the prompt itself were not exactly requesting for the explicitly photos, DALL-E3 image AI models may have tendency to generate lewd types of imagery if similar keywords are presented in the prompts and/or the image filters maybe more restrictive in their DALL-E 3.5

If compared to SDXL image generations, most of the time will render closeup photo whilst showing the AI character wearing skimpy nightwear

Unintentional Censorship
As per latest hoo-hah, release of both SD2.0 and latest SD3 Med also facing backlash over the prompt " " prompt which generate mutilated limbs

At times, the censorship on the training dataset maybe too strict until it may causes unintentional censors on other similar subject such as the examples on the left.

Cow udder is visually similar to human's female breast and the CLIP Vision may also pruned the dataset with visible cow udders unintentionally during the dataset pruning.

title: AI Art Generation Handbook/Censorship


text:
AI Art Generation Handbook/GUI/Fooocus

Fooocus is rather minimialised in the appearances among all other type of WebUI, but somehow it can still generate a high quality images.

To use this, you just type the prompts or prompts in the bottom of the text field and click Generate button.

You can also click the for Advance checkbox and apply different styles to the images, different image sizes and even the details and guidances.

title: AI Art Generation Handbook/GUI/Fooocus


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Parapsychology

Parapsychology
This page is hopelessly in violation of NPOV. It's actually difficult to see how to salvage it at all. ජපස (discuss • contribs) 18:26, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Agreed. --Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] talk 03:37, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Mostly as per nomination, 50/50 on the lists of sources, seems like they could be theoretically useful as compilations of primary material for academics wanting to research these groups. But then again, I don't know if that is in scope for the project. YuriNikolai (discuss • contribs) 02:16, 27 April 2024 (UTC)
 * per above —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 23:45, 28 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Ada Programming/Libraries/GUI/GtkAda

History for the content recovered from wiki.ada-dk.org
From https://web.archive.org/web/20210921144735/http://wiki.ada-dk.org/building_gui_with_glade_3

 * 2012/12/28 11:02 building_gui_with_glade_3 – [More] fjfabien (current)
 * 2012/09/25 08:10 building_gui_with_glade_3 – added more section (1 external ref) fjfabien
 * 2012/09/17 18:18 building_gui_with_glade_3 – Improve presentation fjfabien
 * 2012/09/15 18:22 building_gui_with_glade_3 – fix typo fjfabien
 * 2012/09/15 18:19 building_gui_with_glade_3 – created by François Fabien fjfabien

The footer says "Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: Public Domain"

Additionally, the original text contained this Credits:

"This page was adapted from codes of Pascal Pignard in Utilisation de la bibliothèque graphique GTKAda (mai 2012) and a post of Brian Drummond from GTKAda archives. GtkAda builder example"

-- ManuelGR (discuss • contribs) 17:27, 5 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte (Black Forest Cake) II

| Pastries and desserts | German cuisine |

Schwarzwälder kirschtorte, or Black Forest cake in English, is a traditional German dessert. This version puts two different kinds of cherries between layers of cocoa torte, filled with a generous amount of whipped cream. It is freely adapted from a recipe of the same name in the cookbook La dolce Wiener: Süße Verführungen von Apfelstrudel bis Zimtschnecken by German–Austrian television chef Sarah Wiener.

This is a celebration cake for events that benefits from being made the night before, so the flavors can blend. It must be stored in the refrigerator.

Amarena cherry preparation

 * 1) Pit the cherries if needed.
 * 2) Cook everything except the liqueur in a medium-sized saucepan on the stovetop for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the cherries begin softening.
 * 3) Add the liqueur and cook for another 10 minutes over medium heat. The cherries should be soft enough to eat easily, but not cooked so long that they become mushy or lose their shape.
 * 4) Set the cherries aside to cool.

Kirschwasser cherry preparation

 * 1) Pit the cherries if needed.
 * 2) Cook the cherries and sugar in a medium-sized saucepan on the stovetop for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the cherries are softening. Because there is no added liquid, you may want to start cooking at a slightly lower temperature and raise it to medium.
 * 3) Add the liqueur, and cook for another few minutes until the cherries are soft enough. Set them aside to cool.
 * 4) If you are making the cherries in advance, both kinds can be stored in the refrigerator (in separate containers) at this point for up to several days.
 * 5) After both kinds of cherries have been cooked, drain both types of cherries thoroughly and separately, saving all the drained syrup. The cherries need to be cooled and drained well enough that they won't dissolve the whipped cream filling when the cake is assembled. You will use some of the syrup to moisten the cake layers.

Cake preparation

 * 1) Line two 9-inch (23 cm) cake pans with parchment. If you don't have parchment paper, spread a very thin layer of butter only on the bottom of the pans. Do not butter the sides of the pans, and do not coat the pans with flour.
 * 2) Preheat the oven to 350 °F (180 °F or gas mark 4–medium).
 * 3) Separate the eggs.
 * 4) Whip the egg whites until stiff and set aside.
 * 5) Whip the egg yolks and sugar until very light and fluffy. This will take several minutes with an electric mixer and longer if you are beating them by hand.
 * 6) Sift the cocoa powder and flour together over the egg yolk mixture. Gently fold together all ingredients.
 * 7) Scrape the batter into the two pans and bake until done, approximately 20–25 minutes. The internal temperature should be around 185–190 °F. Set the cakes aside to cool.

Whipped cream preparation

 * 1) Put the powdered gelatin in a small pan. Add an ounce or so (30 ml) of cool water and let it stand until the gelatin has "bloomed" (absorbed the water and softened). This usually takes at least 5 minutes.
 * 2) Add the kirschwasser to the softened gelatin. If you do not want to use the kirschwasser, you can substitute an equal volume of syrup from the cherries.
 * 3) Heat the gelatin mixture over low heat, stirring constantly. Remove from the heat when the gelatin has dissolved—it will look clear.
 * 4) Set the pan aside to cool down to a warm room temperature. Do not place it in the refrigerator. If you have a cooking thermometer, an ideal temperature might be around 75–80°F (24–26 °C). If the gelatin begins to solidify, gently warm it until it is barely liquid again.
 * 5) In a large mixing bowl, whip the whipping cream halfway.
 * 6) Stir a large spoonful of the half-whipped whipping cream into the cooled but still liquid gelatin.
 * 7) Resume whipping the remaining cream, gradually drizzling the gelatin mixture into the bowl while whipping.
 * 8) Once the gelatin has been incorporated, add the powdered sugar and whip until firm but not grainy.

Assembly

 * 1) Collect everything you need:
 * 2) * Both kinds of cooked cherries, completely cooled and well-drained
 * 3) * About 2 ounces (60 ml) of cherry syrup from cooking the cherries—choose your favorite one, or mix them together. You can add an extra ounce (30 ml) of kirschwasser to the syrup if you want.
 * 4) * 2 cake layers, completely cooled
 * 5) * Stabilized whipped cream
 * 6) * Chocolate shavings or sprinkles (if desired)
 * 7) * A large platter (big enough to accommodate whipped cream on the side of the cake if desired)
 * 8) Set aside about a dozen pretty, well-drained cherries for decorating the top layer.
 * 9) Place the first cake layer on the platter.
 * 10) Pour some of the reserved cherry syrup over the cake layer.  The amount should be in the "pancake topping" range: enough to cover most of the cake, but not enough to make it soggy or to pour off the edges. Use a pastry brush to spread the syrup evenly across the surface.
 * 11) Top the bottom layer with a small amount of whipped cream. Place a single layer of cherries on top of that. Top that with just enough whipped cream to completely fill the spaces between the cherries. Note that the cherries act as a structural element since the whipped cream can't support the weight of the top cake layer on its own. If you put too much whipped cream between the layers, it will squish out the sides when the top cake layer is added.
 * 12) Place the top cake layer on top of the cherries, and repeat the process of covering the cake layer with cherry syrup.
 * 13) Cover the cake with a generous layer of whipped cream (either on top only or on both the top and sides, as you prefer). The whipped cream can be piped with a pastry bag and tips if desired, or it can be spread on with a spoon or spatula. Arrange the reserved cherries in a decorative pattern on top of the cake.
 * 14) If desired, shave a block of semi-sweet chocolate to make chocolate curls. Add chocolate shavings to the top or sides of the cake.
 * 15) Place assembled cake in the refrigerator to rest for 4–12 hours before serving.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The cherries can be made several days in advance. You need both the cherries and the syrup.
 * The cake can be baked the day before or the day of serving. If made far in advance, it should be frozen—defrost before assembling the cake.
 * If you want to have more cake layers, use a smaller cake pan, and halve the cakes horizontally to make four thin layers. This may change the cooking time for the cakes, and you will need more whipped cream if you want to completely coat the cake on all sides.
 * The remaining cherry syrup can be used on top of pancakes, waffles, yogurt, ice cream, cheesecake, and other desserts, in fizzy drinks and cocktails, or as a glaze or marinade while cooking.


text:
Physics Explained Through a Video Game

This textbook explains algebra-based high school leveled mechanical physics through Bonk.io, a multiplayer physics browser game that runs on the Box2D physics engine. Materials from this video game are used to explain real-world physics concepts.

Table of Contents
Note that the Table of Contents is subject to change and may not reflect recent structural changes. If a topic is linked below, it shows that the section either has reached a high level of completion (★★), is actively being built (★), or has not been started (X or unlabeled).

Unit 0: A Review of Math and Scientific Experimenting
Topic 0.1 - Algebraic Manipulation

Topic 0.2 - Combining Equations

(★) Topic 0.3 - Introduction to Vectors

Topic 0.4 - Vector Operations

Topic 0.5 - Experimental Data

Topic 0.6 - Applications of Experiments

Unit 1: Kinematics
(★★) Topic 1.1 - Displacement

(★★) Topic 1.2 - Calculating Displacement

(★★) Topic 1.3 - Speed and Average Velocity

(★★) Topic 1.4 - 1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion

(★★) Topic 1.5 - Motion in 2 Dimensions

Unit 2: Forces and Newton’s Laws
(★) Topic 2.1 - Systems and Center of Mass

(X) Topic 2.2 - Topic 2.2 - Forces and Free Body Diagrams

(★) Topic 2.3 - Newton's Second Law

(X) Topic 2.4 - Newton's First and Third Laws

Topic 2.5 - Resistive and Frictional Forces

Topic 2.6 - Spring Forces

Topic 2.7 - Tension and Circular Forces

Unit 3: Work and Energy
Topic 3.1 - Translational Kinetic Energy

Topic 3.2 - Work

Topic 3.3 - Potential Energy

Topic 3.4 - Conservative and Nonconservative Forces

Topic 3.5 - Power

Unit 4: Linear Momentum and Collisions
Topic 4.1 - Introduction to Linear Momentum

Topic 4.2 - Impulse (Change of Momentum)

Topic 4.3 - Conservation of Momentum

Topic 4.4- Inelastic and Elastic Collisions

Unit 5: Statics and Rotation
Topic 5.1 - Rotational Kinematics

Topic 5.2 - Torque

Topic 5.2 - Rotational Inertia

Topic 5.4 - Translational and Rotational Equilibrium

Topic 5.5 - Angular Momentum

Topic 5.6 - Rotational Kinetic Energy

Topic 5.7 - Rolling Objects

Unit 6: Springs and Oscillations
Topic 6.1 - Review of Springs

Topic 6.2 - Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

Topic 6.3 - Experimenting with SHM

Topic 6.4 - Physical Pendulums

Unit 7: Gravitation
Topic 7.1 - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Topic 7.2 - Kepler's Laws

Prior Knowledge
For this textbook, it is recommended that you have taken at least one year of high-school leveled algebra. If you have not yet, that is okay. There is still a lot of value in most of the topics below as much of it is designed to be conceptual, not overwhelmingly math-heavy. If you would prefer, refer to Unit 0 for support with the existing mathematical concepts in this series. This will make it easier to understand the computations in the following units.

Content Credits
This project partially contains text, images, and other media that was originally published on services owned by Fandom, Inc. under a CC-BY-SA license. Correspondingly, all content within this textbook will be credited to be taken from Fandom, Inc. when appropriate.

title: Physics Explained Through a Video Game


text:
User:TheMonkeyEatsBananas

Hi there,

I'm working on explaining introductory mechanical physics through the browser game Bonk.io.

title: User:TheMonkeyEatsBananas


text:
User talk:TheMonkeyEatsBananas

Welcome!
Welcome, TheMonkeyEatsBananas!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 23:57, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheMonkeyEatsBananas


text: Template:User Meta-Wiki admin

title: Template:User Meta-Wiki admin


text:
User talk:105.178.32.220

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 09:35, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:105.178.32.220


text: Template talk:Wikibooks editor navigation


text:
Cookbook:Chocolate Scotcheroos

Chocolate scotcheroos are a peanut butter cereal bar with a chocolate topping. They are similar to Rice Krispie Treats, except that they contain peanut butter instead of marshmallows. They are cooked on the stovetop instead of being baked in the oven.

Equipment

 * 9 x 13 x 2 inch (33 x 23 x 5 cm) baking pan or baking dish
 * 3 quart or larger saucepan
 * Mixing spoon, such as a wooden spoon
 * Wax paper, plastic wrap, or baking paper (optional)
 * Spatula, for spreading the chocolate topping

Procedure

 * 1) Spray the baking pan with cooking spray, or butter it lightly. Set aside.
 * 2) Put the corn syrup and sugar in the saucepan. Cook over medium heat until the sugar is dissolved and the mixture begins to bubble. Do not overcook, or the bars will be hard.  Remove from the heat.
 * 3) Add the peanut butter, and stir until the color is uniform.
 * 4) Stir in the cereal. It may be easiest to stir in half the cereal at a time, instead of adding it all at once.
 * 5) Scrape all of the warm cereal mixture into the baking pan. Gently press it into a flat layer. You can do this with back of the mixing spoon, or you can cover the cereal mixture with a sheet of wax paper and use your hands. Do not crush the cereal, or the bars will be too hard and dense. Set aside.
 * 6) Place the chocolate and butterscotch chips in the saucepan (it is not necessary to wash it first), and put it back on the stove over medium heat. Stir to melt the chocolate and butterscotch chips together. As soon as the morsels have melted, spread the chocolate mixture over the top of the cereal mixture.
 * 7) Cool the pan until the topping is firm. If you put it in the refrigerator, this step will take about an hour.
 * 8) Cut the bars into 36 small pieces, approximately 1.5 x 1.5 inches (4 x 5 cm). Serve at room temperature.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Store at room temperature, tightly covered. They will keep for a week.
 * Any type or shape of pan can be used, as long as it can comfortably hold about 10 cups (2.5 liters) in volume. The warm cereal mixture can also be pressed into large cookie cutters or other forms to make circles, hearts, or other simple shapes.
 * You can halve the amount of white sugar. The result will be a softer, chewier treat.
 * You can use either ordinary or natural ("stirring type") peanut butter.
 * The chocolate and butterscotch-flavored chips can alternatively be melted in a microwave.
 * If you can't get butterscotch-flavored chips, then you can substitute peanut butter-flavored morsels. Semi-sweet chocolate chips are harder than either, so if you use only semi-sweet chocolate chips, consider melting a small spoonful of white vegetable shortening into the chocolate to soften the topping.
 * The topping can be decorated with colorful sprinkles or drizzled with a little bit of melted white chocolate, butterscotch chips, or peanut-flavored chips.
 * This dish is not suitable for people with peanut allergies, but it looks similar to non-peanut butter cereal bars. If you are taking these treats to share at a potluck or another group, consider decorating the top with peanuts or with a drizzle of melted peanut butter to make sure the peanut content is clear.
 * These bars are sturdy and travel well. They can be safely mailed during cold weather, but during warm weather, the chocolate topping will smear.
 * Compared to marshmallow-based rice crisp treats, this has more fat (from the peanut butter and the chocolate topping), more sugar, and about three times as many calories per pan. Consequently, it is normal to cut smaller pieces.

title: Cookbook:Chocolate Scotcheroos


text: Category:Egg white recipes

title: Category:Egg white recipes


text: Category:Egg yolk recipes

title: Category:Egg yolk recipes


text:
User talk:107.184.1.9

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 06:11, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:107.184.1.9


text:
User talk:2001:44C8:450C:FF70:1:0:6242:5741

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 06:46, 7 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:Strezless

Very intrigued by the tech at hand that gives access to so much data at just finger tips away to update the knowledge of any particular subject imaginable we may choose to research.

Thank you for the opportunity to be here and contribute as much as I can.

title: User:Strezless


text:
Cookbook:Rujak Cingur (Indonesian Cow Snout Salad)

Rujak cingur is a traditional food from Surabaya, Indonesia. This dish is made from cingur (cow's snout) and vegetables, which are drizzled with peanut sauce or petis sauce.

Sauce

 * 2 tablespoons fried peanuts
 * 2 cloves of fried garlic
 * 3 bird’s eye chiles, or to taste
 * 1 tablespoon palm sugar
 * ½ teaspoon terasi shrimp paste
 * ½ teaspoon salt
 * 2 tablespoons of petis shrimp paste
 * Tamarind water as needed

Assembly

 * 100 grams boiled or fried cow’s snout (cingur)
 * 1 bunch of water spinach (kangkung), leaves picked and boiled
 * 100 grams boiled bean sprouts (taoge)
 * 1 cucumber, sliced
 * 1 slice of fried tempeh
 * 1 slice of fried tofu
 * 1 lontong rice cake, cut into pieces as desired
 * 250 grams kerupuk crackers

Procedure

 * 1) Prepare all the ingredients in advance.
 * 2) To make the sauce, grind the fried peanuts, garlic, chiles, palm sugar, terasi, and salt together until smooth.
 * 3) Add the petis suace and tamarind water as needed. Mix until well blended.
 * 4) Arrange all the ingredients for assembly onto a serving plate, starting with the cingur, then water spinach, bean sprouts, cucumber, tempeh, tofu, and rice cake.
 * 5) Drizzle the sauce over the ingredients, and top with the crackers.


text:
User talk:76.121.217.240

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 03:33, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:76.121.217.240


text:
User talk:200.63.44.166

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 03:34, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:200.63.44.166


text:
The Complete Encyclopedia of Self-Help Techniques/Hypnotherapy

Self hypnosis: therapy steps into getting started

/For self hypnosis therapy use a script./think write goals to achieve.//think write your reason to start a program for self hypnosis.///

1.enter your hypnosis therapy close your eyes of course get comfortable and just put your mind to sleep relax rid of any stress, anxiety or fear of past or future thought. Take deep slow breathing enter nose exit mouth. Keep your mind awake in deep thoughts. Now think how your vision of a perfect life without no negativity would be put yourself vision this and keep visioning thinking about that perfect life and how you got there in mechanical steps and how you are feeling like you are on top and financially free, sickness free.do this for about 15 minutes continuously over again. Don't overwhelmed yourself 2 significant changes are fine but thought as a whole collection is imperative that your already there as a whole mind and being perceptively.

2. Pray for forgiveness to any wrong you've done and pray for your god to guide you tell your god that your sacrifices are only to higher being on this life to learn and live eternal after this life.

3. Take slow and deep breathes enter nose exit mouth. Imagine all bad from your written list has been exited and your transformed to your perfect being you want. Tell yourself that you will be in hypnosis only for this only and nothing else after awake.

4. Now awake open your eyes, stand up and continue your physical day. Finish your daily self help hypnosis therapy written notes.


text:
User talk:154.178.246.118

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 14:25, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:154.178.246.118


text:
User talk:Scarfoe1

Blocked for subtle spam
Including your personal details in an edit summary so someone can contact you for business reasons is spam. If you intend to contribute productively without spamming, you may request an unblock. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 15:08, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scarfoe1


text:
Category:Book:Wikijunior:Animal and Dinosaur Alphabet

alphabet animals and dinosaurs


text:
Cookbook talk:Rujak Cingur (Indonesian Cow Snout Salad)

Ingredient questions
@Raflinoer32, a few questions about ingredients: Thanks! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 23:28, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
 * For the fried peanuts and fried garlic, are these ready-made ingredients that you can purchase? Or, are you saying that the cook needs to fry the garlic and peanuts themself? Clarification would be helpful.
 * What is tamarind water?
 * Should the chiles be prepared? You don't list directions for seeding them or otherwise preparing them.


text:
User talk:Raflinoer32

Recipe formatting
Hi @Raflinoer32! Thanks for your recipe contribution to the Cookbook. Going forward, please make sure any recipes you contribute are formatted according to the recipe template. I have corrected Cookbook:Rujak Cingur (Indonesian Cow Snout Salad) for you—please see the recipe's page history for exactly what I have changed. Let me know if you have any questions. Cheers! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 23:32, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi, @Kittycataclysm
 * Thank you so much for your advice and suggesting. I will improve my contributions. Raflinoer32 (discuss • contribs) 06:47, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Raflinoer32


text: Category:Duck egg recipes

title: Category:Duck egg recipes


text: Category:Quail egg recipes

title: Category:Quail egg recipes


text: Category:Hard-cooked egg recipes

title: Category:Hard-cooked egg recipes


text:
Proto-Turkic/Vocabulary table

To avoid confusion with modern sound forms, we have listed only the historical forms. Words in modern languages came directly from these languages, to which they are descendants. Turkmen is included for lengths.

title: Proto-Turkic/Vocabulary table


text:
User talk:98.60.165.3

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 04:40, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:98.60.165.3


text:
User talk:Johnthao1

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 12:33, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johnthao1


text:
User talk:47.196.40.198

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 01:52, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:47.196.40.198


text:
Biochemistry/The Cell

A cell is a small particle or organism which is found in the human body.

These are some of the cells found in the human body.

1.Red blood cells.

2.White blood cells.

IMPORTANCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS

1.Helps in transportation of blood.

2.Helps in structure of the body.

3.Helps in body support.

IMPORTANCE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS

1.Helps in prevention of diseases.

2.Helps your body to be strong.

3.Cleaning germs in the blood.

title: Biochemistry/The Cell


text:
User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage

Creating first subpage of "User:Janosabel/sandbox"

title: User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage


text:
User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/

Creating subSubPage/


text:
User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/1

Creating User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/SubSubPage/1


text:
User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/1/

User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/1/


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User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/1/2/

Creating User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/1/2/


text:
User:Janosabel/sandbox/subpage/subSubPage/aaa/

I still can not see the breadcrumb trail


text:
User talk:2401:4900:55C4:E3D5:D420:FCFF:FE85:81F7

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 11:18, 10 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Category:Pages using babel with named parameters

__HIDDENCAT__


text:
Orthopaedic Surgery/Patellar Tendinitis

Patellar Tendinitis (Patellar Tendinopathy), also known as Jumper's Knee, is a painful condition of the knee, which primarily occurs in sports requiring strenuous of jumping (as the name implies). The condition is caused by small tears in the patellar tendon which results in localized tenderness of the patellar tendon. The tears are typically caused by accumulated stress on the patellar or quadriceps tendon. The patellar tendon is a band of tissue that connects the patella (the kneecap; see fig 1) to the tibia (shin bone). The tendon is used when you extend your knee. When you contract your quadriceps muscles, they pull on the patellar tendon, which in turn pulls on the kneecap and extends the knee.

Symptoms
The most common symptoms include:

 * Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon (behind lower part of the kneecap, or just below the knee; see fig 1)
 * Swelling in the area below the kneecap
 * Pain when jumping, running, or squatting
 * Pain when bending or straightening the leg
 * Crepitus (crunching or grating sound) when bending or straightening the leg
 * In some cases, pain at rest
 * Weakness and instability of the knee

Differential diagnosis

 * 1) Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
 * 2) Osgood-Schlatter Disease
 * 3) Chondromalacia Patellae
 * 4) Prepatellar Bursitis
 * 5) Patellar tendinitis (final diagnosis)

1. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)

 * Pain Location: Anterior knee pain, typically around the patella.
 * Aggravating Activities: Pain worsens with activities that load the patellofemoral joint, such as squatting, running, climbing stairs, or sitting for long periods.
 * Symptoms: Often associated with a grinding or popping sensation (crepitus) when bending the knee. Unlike patellar tendinitis, pain is more diffuse around the kneecap rather than being localized to the patellar tendon.
 * Clinical Tests: Positive Clarke's test (pain with quadriceps contraction against resistance).
 * Key Distinctive Factor: Diffuse pain around the patella, not localized to the patellar tendon, and often associated with crepitus.
 * Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scan may show cartilage damage or malalignment of the patella.

2. Osgood-Schlatter Disease

 * Pain Location: Pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity, where the patellar tendon attaches.
 * Population: Commonly affects adolescent athletes during growth spurts.
 * Symptoms: Tenderness and pronounced bony prominence at the tibial tuberosity. Pain is specifically located below the kneecap rather than in the patellar tendon itself.
 * Clinical Tests: Physical examination reveals tenderness and swelling over the tibial tuberosity, often without significant pain during quadriceps contraction.
 * Key Distinctive Factor: Pain and swelling are localized at the tibial tuberosity, with a pronounced bony prominence.
 * Imaging Studies: X-ray may show fragmentation or irregular ossification at the tibial tuberosity.

3. Chondromalacia Patellae

 * Pain Location: Pain under the patella due to the softening and deterioration of the cartilage.
 * Aggravating Activities: Pain worsens with activities like squatting, climbing stairs, or prolonged sitting (theater sign).
 * Symptoms: Anterior knee pain with crepitus (grinding sensation) during knee movements. Unlike patellar tendinitis, pain is more diffuse and under the kneecap rather than localized to the tendon.
 * Clinical Tests: Positive patellar compression test (pain with patellar compression and movement).
 * Key Distinctive Factor: Diffuse pain under the patella, often accompanied by crepitus during knee movements.
 * Imaging Studies: MRI can reveal cartilage damage and changes in the patellar alignment.

4. Prepatellar Bursitis

 * Pain Location: Swelling and tenderness over the patella.
 * Symptoms: Swelling, redness, and warmth over the kneecap. Pain is usually localized to the front of the knee and not directly involving the patellar tendon.
 * History: Often caused by prolonged kneeling or direct trauma to the knee.
 * Clinical Tests: Physical examination reveals fluid-filled swelling over the patella, with increased warmth and redness, unlike the more localized pain of patellar tendinitis.
 * Key Distinctive Factor: Visible and palpable swelling over the patella with associated redness and warmth, indicating inflammation of the bursa.
 * Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or MRI can confirm the presence of fluid in the bursa and inflammation.

5. Patellar Tendonitis (final diagnosis)

 * Pain Location: Pain and tenderness localized to the patellar tendon, typically just below the kneecap.
 * Aggravating Activities: Pain worsens with activities involving knee extension, such as jumping, running, or squatting.
 * Symptoms: Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon, swelling below the kneecap, pain when bending or straightening the leg, and possible crepitus during movement.
 * Clinical Tests: Tenderness to palpation over the patellar tendon, pain with resisted knee extension.
 * Key Distinctive Factor: Localized pain and tenderness at the patellar tendon, especially just below the kneecap, often triggered by repetitive stress or overuse.
 * Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or MRI can show thickening and degeneration of the patellar tendon, confirming the diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors
'''The primary cause of patellar tendinitis is activities that place repetitive stress on the patellar tendon. These are activities like jumping, plyometrics, running, walking, bicycling.'''

 * During a 2-year study involving 138 male and female students of physical education it was found that 19 of the 138 students (approx. 14%) developed patellar tendinitis. Before the study began, flexibility, strength, among other factors were tested. The results showed that having lower flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles may contribute to the development of patellar tendinitis in athletes.
 * Sport specialization has been correlated with instances of patellar tendinopathy. Hall et al. completed a retrospective cohort study of 546 middle and high school female athletes (basketball, soccer, and volleyball) and found that single sport athletes have a four time greater risk of developing patellar tendinopathy as compared to multi-sport athletes.
 * Two groups of investigators have found that leg-length inequality is associated with patellar tendon pain.

Exercises

 * Eccentric single-leg decline squat
 * Decline board should be between a 15 ° and 30 ° decline.
 * Keep knee flexion less than or equal to 60 ° to avoid excessive loading of the patellofemoral joint.
 * Patellar tendon loading increases as the decline angle increases, and at angles of knee flexion higher than 60°, the patellofemoral forces rise at a higher rate than the tendon forces.
 * On the 0 to 10 pain scale, the patient should be greater than 0 and less than 5. Thus, a little pain when performing the exercise is expected.
 * As the exercise becomes less painful and easier for the patient to complete, increase the load:
 * The addition of the 10kg (22lb) backpack has been shown to cause even higher tendon loading.
 * Hand-held weight (i.e. dumbbells) is also an option.
 * To be repeated 3-14 times per week. There is a lack of conclusive evidence on the optimal dosage for eccentric exercise specifically for patellar tendinopathy.
 * Recommended prescription of 3 sets of 10 to 15 repetitions, or less based on the patient's ability and pain experienced.
 * Drop squats
 * Curwin and Stanish demonstrated drop squats were an effective exercise for assisting in alleviation of patellar tendon pain.
 * "Their [Curwin and Stanish’s] program involved of six weeks of training, progressing in the first week from a slow speed to faster speeds, and then adding resistance in weeks two through six. During the six-week training period, the patients were to perform three sets of 10 repetitions daily; after the sixth week the training was reduced to three times weekly. In a retrospective review of 66 patients treated with the eccentric program for patellar tendon pain, the authors reported complete relief of pain in 20 patients, marked decrease in symptoms in 42 patients, and four patients reported worsening of symptoms."

Other treatments
TODO.

Volleyball
TODO

Basketball
TODO

Running
The Run Doctor, a running injury clinic, recommends the following checklist to be completed before considering returning to running:

 * Patient should be able to straighten his or her knee without pain.
 * The patient's knee should not be visibly swollen.
 * The patient should be able to jog in a straight line without limping.
 * The patient should be able to perform 45-degree and 90-degree cuts without difficulty.
 * The patient should be able to jump on both legs without pain.
 * The patient should able to jump on the injured leg without pain.

Not all runners experiencing patellar tendonitis will need to take time off from activity, however they may need to reduce their training load.

title: Orthopaedic Surgery/Patellar Tendinitis


text:
AI Art Generation Handbook/ControlNet/Scribble

I believe some of you are old enough, may remember this how to draw an owl meme

Well, do you know that it is super easy to recreate this inside Stable Diffusion.

Assuming you got latest Xinsir Union ControlNet models, you can do it inside both Auto1111 and SD.Next.

SD.Next
We try to recreate above meme using the Scribble ControlNet.

This model is designed to work with simple sketches or scribbles. It's perfect for turning basic shapes (like two circles ala snowman) into more detailed drawings of an owl as shown in the picture below. The result should be a detailed pencil sketch of an owl, where the two circles you drew have been interpreted as the owl's body and head, with the rest of the details (feathers, eyes, branch, etc.) filled in by the AI Model.

The ControlNet is already integrated within SD.Next, therefore just go straight to the "Control" tab

Using this prompt, we can try to recreate the images

Control Input
We upload this scribbles into the Input Image ( Look for : Drop Image Here ) on the left side

Control Sampler
Double steps from 20 to  40  for more flushed out details

Control Elements Parameters
Pre-Processor: Line Art Realistic

ControlNet : Xinsir Scribble XL

Recommended Parameters Values
Strength:1.6

( Determines how strongly ControlNet influences the generation process. )

Values above 1.0 can exaggerate ControlNet's influence, potentially leading to over-emphasis of the control image.

Start: 0.35

( Determines at which point in the denoising process ControlNet starts to influence the generation. )

A value of 0.0 means ControlNet starts influencing from the very beginning.

End: 0.8

( Determines at which point in the denoising process ControlNet stops influencing the generation. )

End Results
If done correctly, the AI model will try to adjust the diffusion to match as close as possible to the input images, provided that input images is closely resembled the Input image silhouette, also the input images of circles and rectangle will be not much visible


text: User talk:EmilyGraceSeville7cf

title: User talk:EmilyGraceSeville7cf


text:
User talk:2600:8802:3A1B:B300:508F:6BD:D97B:FD94

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 00:06, 11 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
User talk:2600:1700:2E46:1850:9850:B4EF:9EBC:272B

You cannot edit for 6 hours due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below. --SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 04:48, 11 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:TimBorgNetzWerk/sandbox/Thesis Writing Guide/DE/LUH/DSDL

This module is part of the Thesis Writing Guide. It adds time and space sensitive context to the general rules presented there.

AI Tools

 * https://www.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/luh/content/online-lehre/LUH-Handreichung_KI-Studium_DE.pdf
 * https://www.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/luh/content/online-lehre/LUH-Handreichung_KI_DE.pdf
 * https://www.uni-hannover.de/de/studium/lehre/planung-und-gestaltung/ki
 * https://luhki.uni-hannover.de/login
 * https://academiccloud.de/de/


text:
Astrodynamics/Perturbations

Perturbations in astrodynamics refers to the forces that act on an object that is not from the gravitational attraction of a single, more massive body. These forces can include gravity from other bodies, drag from an atmosphere(Such as the decay of satellite orbits because of collisions with gas molecules and the craft), or the off center attraction caused by an oblate or irregularly shaped body.

Orbital resonance
Orbital resonance is when large bodies regularly perturb other bodies with gravity. This usually ends in instability in which the orbits of the two bodies are shifted until there is no more resonance. In some cases the resonant system can be self correcting, making the resonance stable. Examples of this are the 2:3 resonance between Neptune and Pluto and the 1:2:4 resonance between Jupiter's moons of Ganymede, Europe and Io.

Apsidal precession
Apsidal precession is the precession of the line of apsides of an object's orbit. It is related with the orbit's argument of periapsis. It is caused by perturbations from other bodies in the system, and by gravity perturbations explained by general relativity.

title: Astrodynamics/Perturbations


text:
User talk:197.210.227.193

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 13:09, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:197.210.227.193


text: Talk:The Legend of Zelda

title: Talk:The Legend of Zelda


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...e5/6. Ndb5/6...d6/7. Bg5/7...a6

The primary purpose of 7...a6 is to drive the knight on b5 away from its strong position. The knight on b5 threatens to jump to c7, which would be a fork on Black's king and rook, and puts pressure on d6. By pushing the a-pawn, Black gains space on the queenside, which can support further pawn advances like ...b5, potentially leading to active counterplay on that side of the board. Forcing the knight to retreat diminishes White's immediate threats and allows Black to better organize their pieces. The knight typically moves to a3, where it is less active compared to b5.


text:
Regression Analysis

Regression Analysis is a supervised machine learning algorithm using which we try to find linear correlations between an outcome variable Y and a set of regressors X, where Y is also called target variable or dependent variable while the set of regressors is also called features or independent variables. Y is a real random variable, and X is a vector of random variables, and the components of X are denoted as (x1, x2,..., xp)T where x1, x2, ... represent some features, and the superscript T denotes the transpose of the vector. For example, you want to build a regression model to predict the hourly wages of a worker using variables like education level, gender, experience, skillset, etc.

Here, the hourly wage is the outcome variable (Y) that needs to be predicted and education level, gender, experience, skillset, etc., are a set of regressors or a set of features (X) using which we want to predict the hourly wages.

Using regression analysis, we can answer two questions:

 * 1. The Prediction Question: How can we use the set of regressors X to predict Y well?
 * 2. The Inference Question: How does the predicted value (Y) change if we change only one component or one feature of X, leaving all other components constant?

In our example above, regarding hourly wages:

The prediction question will be: How will we use the set of regressors X, namely education level, gender, experience, skillset, etc., to predict hourly wages (Y)? The inference question will be, for example: how does gender affect the wage of a worker?

For the inference question, we divide the set of target regressors X into two parts:

$$ X = (D,W) $$

Where D is the target regressor; in the above example, gender is the target regressor as we want to check its effect by keeping all other job-relevant features constant. W represents controls or confounders: which are the remaining job-relevant characteristics, namely: education level, experience, skillset, etc.

Sample and population linear regression
We can define regression problems for both population and sample data.

We have population data if we have access to the whole dataset. For example, in our "predicting hourly wage" example, the population will be all the people living in the United States. Using this data, we can easily get the expected value of the population or the average of the population.

We denote the expected value of a population by E(Y).

Now our goal is to make a model which could estimate the value E(Y) given some set of regressors X. Where X= (x1, x2,..., xp).

We will now make the best linear predictor of Y using X, this means that when we estimate Y using X, while will be the best approximation of given data.

In the diagram to the right, blue points are the data points, and the red line is a line that can fit the data. Our goal is to find the line which best fits the data, i.e. it gives the least error.

Mathematically, we define our predicted value of Y using a set of regressor (X) as:

$$ y_i = \beta_{0} + \beta_{1} x_{i1} + \cdots + \beta_{p} x_{ip} + \varepsilon_i = \mathbf{x}^\mathsf{T}_i\boldsymbol\beta + \varepsilon_i, \qquad i = 1, \ldots, n, $$

We call these parameters $$\beta_{j}$$ as regression parameters.

For example: For our prediction wage example: we can represent the predicted hourly wage as β’X. Where X is our job-relevant characteristics like gender, education level, skillset, experience, etc. and β are regression parameters.

Now let’s define error for this problem. In supervised learning, we know the actual value of the target variable, i.e., Y from the data. Now, using the best linear predictor, we estimated the predicted values can be represented as β’X. Therefore, the error we got is defined as:

Error = E(Y − β’X)2

As we saw at the start, E(Y) is the expected value or the average of the population of Y.

Naturally, our job is to minimize this error.

title: Regression Analysis


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2024/May

How does wikibooks differ from wikipedia?
How does wikibooks differ from wikipedia? Does it allow for things like multiple books on roughly the same topic? Is there some way to make a draft book and have people look it over to ensure you aren't making bad books? 174.4.104.57 (discuss) 19:59, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Hello! Books are limited in scope, with clearly defined aims, and their chapters are interrelated and connected to each other. Wikibooks does allow for multiple books on the same topic, provided that they are sufficiently different from each other. For example, they may be aimed at different audiences, have slightly different goals, etc. I would recommend drafting a book in your personal sandbox, then transferring it to the main namespace. Cheers —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 12:27, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It's one of the first questions many newcomers ask as I did several years ago. In my opinion Wikipedia and Wikibooks are so similar in many cases as you can import pages from Wikipedia to Wikibooks. As a general rule, Wikibooks has less interwikis between its different language versions. Doostdar (discuss • contribs) 07:41, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC
Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can sign up on this wiki page.

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and add agenda items to the document here.

We look forward to your participation!

MediaWiki message delivery 21:21, 14 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:IDB.S

Welcome!
You are welcome to IDB.S 's user page. This user page is created and edited by IDB.S under the Wiki User Guideline.

About Me
Hello, I'm IDB.S (✔ Verified), an article editor, creator, and translator in Wikipedia English Sinhala and Ukrainian. I mainly translate English articles to Sinhala articles.

Contact the User
Contact the user by using the User Talk page.

Contributions to Wikipedia
This user has made over 600+ contributions to Wikipedia.

title: User:IDB.S


text:
Cherokee/Verb Template

Cherokee verbs are very complex in their morphology. A Cherokee verb requires, at minimum, a pronominal prefix, a verb root, an aspect suffix, and a tense suffix. The aspect suffix will differ between verbs, so it is common for the verb root and and aspect suffix to be combined into a verb "stem." Every verb has five possible aspects, and, therefore, five possible stems. In addition to the required components of a Cherokee verb, there are optional components including the prepronominal prefixes, the reflexive prefix, the middle voice prefix, the incorporated noun, and the derivational suffixes. All of these components follow a predictable order, as shown in the following table. Components in the same column cannot co-occur within a Cherokee verb. Components in bold are the minimum required for a Cherokee verb.

title: Cherokee/Verb Template


text:
User:Lboyce2

My goal in Wikibooks is to upload my handwritten textbook in linear mechanical vibrations previously developed in response to teaching undergraduate courses in mechanical vibrations. I have no previous experience with Wikibooks. I do not know if my goal is even possible. Suggestions are welcome.

title: User:Lboyce2


text:
Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/Y

Y is for Yak

title: Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/Y


text:
Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/Z

Z is for Zebra

title: Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/Z


text: Category:Egusi recipes

title: Category:Egusi recipes


text:
Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/F

F is for Falcon

title: Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/F


text:
User:ThatOneKirbo

Hello

title: User:ThatOneKirbo


text:
User:EliasRiveraReal

14 September, 2039, 2:32 a.m.

title: User:EliasRiveraReal


text:
User talk:2001:4453:521:6D00:41F8:FDDA:42C9:B530

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 01:06, 13 July 2024 (UTC)


text: Talk:Canadian Refugee Procedure/Print version


text:
Template:Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet

Wikijunior's Zoo Animal Alphabet

title: Template:Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet


text:
Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/G

G is for Giraffe

title: Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet/G


text:
User talk:41.116.13.236

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 13:20, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.116.13.236


text: User talk:Shubhamcr7

title: User talk:Shubhamcr7


text:
User talk:41.115.110.241

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 14:55, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.115.110.241


text: Category:Elephant grass recipes

title: Category:Elephant grass recipes


text:
User:CodexRubrumMalum

Hello. I am Codex.

title: User:CodexRubrumMalum


text:
Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet

/A/ /B/ /C/ /D/ /E/ /F/ /G/ /H/ /I/ /J/ /K/ /L/ /M/ /N/ /O/ /P/ /Q/ /R/ /S/ /T/ /U/ /V/ /W/ /X/ /Y/ /Z/

title: Wikijunior:Zoo Animal Alphabet


text:
User talk:2600:100D:A104:4F47:707A:C7FF:210A:7085

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 23:58, 13 July 2024 (UTC)


text: Konkani/Days and Months

title: Konkani/Days and Months


text:
User talk:Giannichou

You cannot edit indefinitely due to disruptive editing. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 06:09, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Dear Xania,
 * Your reply is a fallacy of composition.
 * Best Regards,
 * Tychou Giannichou (discuss • contribs) 02:49, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Giannichou


text: Konkani/Directions

title: Konkani/Directions


text:
User talk:2409:40C4:43:30FE:8000:0:0:0

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 12:59, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:2409:40C4:43:30FE:8000:0:0:0


text:
Moving objects in retarded gravitational potentials of an expanding spherical shell/Table with computed results

Table with computed results
In the following table you will find different computed values based on the linear mass density of the black shell $$\lambda_M$$. The values had been numerically computed by a Java program.

The Schwarzschild distance that is corresponding to the Hubble radius of the universe during the generation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at around 380,000 light years is marked in bold.

Note that to 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the slope of the Schwarzschild radius in relation to the slightly increasing linear mass density was very high. The Schwarzschild distance was grewing much faster than the mass of the black shell during this period.


text:
Moving objects in retarded gravitational potentials of an expanding spherical shell/Java program

Java program
The following Java program can be used to numerically compute the Schwarzschild distances for different linear mass densities. It implements a numerical integration for the effective masses as well as the numerical solvation for the Schwarzschild distances.


text:
Talk:Basic Physics of Digital Radiography

Factors affecting quality and quantity of x-rays
Factors affecting quality and quantity of x-rays DktRean (discuss • contribs) 19:01, 14 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Wikijunior:Mammal Alphabet

Wikijunior Mammal Alphabet -- /A/ /B/  /C/  /D/  /E/  /F/  /G/  /H/  /I/  /J/  /K/  /L/  /M/  /N/  /O/  /P/  /Q/  /R/  /S/  /T/  /U/  /V/  /W/  /X/  /Y/  /Z/ --

title: Wikijunior:Mammal Alphabet


text:
Module:Overlay

-- this module implements Template:Overlay local p = {}

local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')

-- used to cache the calculated font color to avoid repeat calculations local previous_backgroundcolor = '' local fontcolor = ''

local function buildicon(n, form, lk, c, t)	local res if form == 'text' then return tostring(				mw.html.create('span')					:css('font-weight', 'bold')					:css('color', c)					:wikitext(n)				) elseif form == 'color' or form == 'colour' then return tostring(				mw.html.create('span')					:css('background-color', c)					:wikitext('  ')				) else -- check if the color is difference from the previous color if c ~= previous_backgroundcolor then -- color changed, so look up the best font color local greatercontrast = require('Module:Color contrast')._greatercontrast fontcolor = greatercontrast{c, 'white', 'black', bias = 1.3} -- update the previous value for the next check previous_backgroundcolor = c		end -- build the inner span for the icon local span = mw.html.create('span') :css('color', fontcolor) :css('font-size', '88%') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :attr('title', t)			:wikitext(n) -- build the outer div local div = mw.html.create('div') :css('display', 'inline-block') :css('width', 'auto') :css('height', 'auto') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('padding', ((tonumber(n) or 0) < 10) and '0px 4px' or '0px 2px') :css('vertical-align', 'middle') :css('border-radius', '3px') :css('background-color', c)

-- link the inner span if requested and insert in the div if lk ~= '' then div:wikitext( .. tostring(span) .. ) else div:wikitext(tostring(span)) end -- convert to a string return tostring(div) end end

local function buildlegend(data, cols, border, caption) -- create the outer table to hold the columns local root = mw.html.create('table') :css('width', '100%') :css('border', (border ~= 'no') and '1px #ccc solid' or '') -- create the outer row which will contain the columns local outerrow = root:tag('tr') local percol = math.ceil((#data) / cols) local k = 0 for j=1,cols do		-- create the outer cell to hold this column local colcell = outerrow:tag('td') :css('width', (math.floor(10/cols)/10) .. '%') :css('vertical-align', 'top') -- create the inner table to hold the entries in the column local coltable = colcell:tag('table') :css('width', '100%') :css('font-size', '85%') :css('line-height', '95%') -- add the entries to the column for l = 1,percol do			k = k + 1 if k <= #data then local rdata = data[k] local tr = coltable:tag('tr'):css('vertical-align','top') tr:tag('td') :css('width', '12px') :css('text-align', 'right') :css('padding-bottom', '2px') :wikitext(rdata[1] or '') tr:tag('td') :css('padding-bottom', '2px') :wikitext(rdata[2] or '') end end end return caption .. tostring(root) end

local function buildlegenditem(im, lk, t)	local res = {im, ''} if t ~= '' then if lk ~= '' then res[2] =  .. t ..  else res[2] = t		end else res[2] =  .. lk ..  end return res end

function p.icon(frame) local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return tostring(		mw.html.create('div')			:css('display', 'inline-block')			:css('line-height', '95%')			:wikitext(buildicon(args['1'] or , 								args['form'] or 'icon',								args['link'] or , 								args['2'] or 'red',								args['tip'] or ''))	) end

function p.main(frame) local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) local image = args['image'] or '' local width = tonumber(args['width'] or '500') or 500 local height = tonumber(args['height'] or '500') or 500 local columns = tonumber(args['columns'] or '3') or 3 local grid = ((args['grid'] or ''):lower == 'yes') and 'yes' or 'no' local legendbox = ((args['legendbox'] or ''):lower == 'no') and 'no' or 'yes' local overlay = (image == ) and 'no' or ( ((args['overlay'] or ):lower == 'no') and 'no' or 'yes' ) local float = args['float'] or 'center' local border = ((args['border'] or ''):lower == 'no') and 'no' or 'yes' local padding = args['padding'] or ''

-- create the root table local root = mw.html.create('table') if float == 'center' or float == 'centre' then root:css('margin-left', 'auto') :css('margin-right', 'auto') elseif float == 'right' then root:css('float', 'right') :css('clear', 'right') :css('margin-left', '1em') elseif float == 'left' then root:css('float', 'left') :css('clear', 'left') :css('margin-right', '1em') else root:css('float', float) end if border == 'yes' then root:css('border', '1px #ccc solid') end

-- create a list of all the overlay numbers local itemnums = {} for k, v in pairs( args ) do		local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*overlay([%d]+)%s*$' ) or '-1') if i > -1 then table.insert(itemnums, i)		else i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*overlay([%d]+)tip%s*$' ) or '-1') if i > -1 then table.insert(itemnums, i)			end end end -- sort to process in order table.sort( itemnums ) -- remove duplicates for k = 2,#itemnums do		if itemnums[k] == itemnums[k-1] then table.remove(itemnums, k)		end end

-- build the overlay markers and text itemdata = {} local colori = args['color'] or args['colour'] or 'red' local formi = '' for k = 1,#itemnums do		local i = itemnums[k] formi = args['overlay' .. i .. 'form'] or formi colori = args['overlay' .. i .. 'color'] or args['overlay' .. i .. 'colour'] or colori local linki = args['overlay' .. i .. 'link'] or '' local tipi = args['overlay' .. i .. 'tip'] or args['overlay' .. i] or '' local overlayi = args['overlay' .. i] or args['overlay' .. i .. 'tip'] or '' if (overlayi ~=  or tipi ~= ) then local imagei = buildicon(i, formi, linki, colori, tipi) itemdata[k] = buildlegenditem(imagei, args['overlay' .. i .. 'link'] or '', overlayi) end end

-- create the overlay image if image ~= '' then local cell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') cell:attr('align', 'center') if( padding ~= '' ) then cell:css('padding', padding) end if( columns > 1 and legendbox == 'yes' ) then cell:attr('colspan', columns) end local imagediv = cell:tag('div') imagediv:css('position','relative') :css('left', '0px') :css('top', '0px') :css('width', ((grid == 'yes') and 940 or width) .. 'px') :css('height', ((grid == 'yes') and 940 or height) .. 'px') if grid == 'yes' then imagediv:tag('span') :css('position', 'absolute') :css('left', '0px') :css('top', '0px') :css('z-index', '2') :wikitext('') end imagediv:tag('span') :css('position', 'absolute') :css('left', '0px') :css('top', '0px') :css('z-index', '0') :css('width', width .. 'px') :css('height', height .. 'px') :wikitext('') if overlay == 'yes' then for k = 1,#itemnums do				local i = itemnums[k] local imagei = (itemdata[k])[1] for j =0,3 do local overlayileftj = args['overlay' .. i .. 'left' .. ((j == 0) and  or j)] or  local overlayitopj = args['overlay' .. i .. 'top' .. ((j == 0) and  or j)] or  if overlayileftj ~= '' then imagediv:tag('div') :css('position', 'absolute') :css('left', overlayileftj .. 'px') :css('top', overlayitopj .. 'px') :css('line-height', '95%') :css('z-index', '1') :wikitext(imagei) end end end end end

-- Split the legend items into sub-legends legend = {{}, {}, {}, {}, {}} local jmax = itemnums[#itemnums] for i=1,5 do if args['legend' .. i .. 'start'] then -- default is all items j1 = 0 j2 = jmax -- set start item number to (legendistart) or (legend(i-1)end + 1) if args['legend' .. i .. 'start'] then j1 = tonumber(args['legend' .. i .. 'start']) or j1 elseif args['legend' .. (i-1) .. 'end'] then j1 = (tonumber(args['legend' .. (i-1) .. 'end']) or j1) + 1 end -- set end item number to (legendiend) or (legend(i+1)start - 1) if args['legend' .. i .. 'end'] then j2 = tonumber(args['legend' .. i .. 'end']) or j2 elseif args['legend' .. (i+1) .. 'start'] then j2 = (tonumber(args['legend' .. (i+1) .. 'start']) or j2) - 1 end -- get the items within the range, marking them as they are used for k=1,#itemnums do				j = itemnums[k] if (j >= 0 and j >= j1 and j <= j2) then table.insert(legend[i], itemdata[k]) itemnums[k] = -1 end end end end

-- Add any left over items to the first legend for k = 1,#itemnums do		if itemnums[k] >= 0 then table.insert(legend[1], itemdata[k]) end end

-- Build the legend if columns > 0 then for i = 1,5 do			local locallegend = legend[i] if (locallegend and #locallegend > 0) then local cell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') cell:wikitext(buildlegend(locallegend, columns, border, args['legend' .. i .. 'title'] or '')) end end end

return tostring(root) end

return p

title: Module:Overlay


text: Template:Overlay

title: Template:Overlay


text:
Template:Overlay/doc

Name
This template is called Overlay in Wikipedia. It is called Overlay legend in Commons.

In Wikipedia Overlay legend and Legend overlay redirect to Overlay.

Image overlay
Allows image numbered, textual number, or colour tag overlays to be positioned over an image to indicate particular features in the image.

Up to 30 overlays can be positioned over the image. Any overlay can be placed over the image up to 3 times, to indicate multiple locations of the same feature in the image.

Typical colours of overlays are as follows:
 * {| class="wikitable"

! Color name !! Example
 * red (default) || –
 * blue || –
 * green || –
 * brown || –
 * saddlebrown ||  –
 * yellow || –
 * }
 * brown || –
 * saddlebrown ||  –
 * yellow || –
 * }
 * yellow || –
 * }

The colour of each overlay can be individually set. Each overlay inherits its colour from the previous overlay, so only the first of any colour grouped overlays needs to have its colour set.

Each overlay is configurably wikilinkable by the template.

The overlays can be turned off by setting overlay to 'no', which will result in the only the image and legend being displayed. This is particularly useful when the image itself already includes the overlays and-or colour tagging. See Spider's main organs below for example.

Overlay legend
A legend of the text for each overlay is displayed by default, in 3 columns, under the image.

The legend can be turned off by setting the number of columns to '0'.

The legend can be grouped into groups of overlays, explicitly up to 6 groups. Each explicit legend grouping can optionally be given a title.

The number of overlay legend text items in each column is automatically balanced by the template across the columns within each legend grouping.

If the start overlay item for the first explicit grouping is after the first overlay item then the overlay text items from the first overlay up to but not including the first explicitly grouped overlay item are displayed as an untitled grouping before the first explicit group.

If an end overlay item is specified for any explicit grouping and there is no following explicit grouping, then the remainder of the overlay items are displayed as an untitled grouping after the last explicit group.

By setting the start of the first explicit grouping after the first overlay item and the end of the sixth explicit grouping before the last overlay item, effectively 8 groupings can be configured, the first and eighth being untitled.

Automatic column balancing
While the template will handle missing set overlay values at the start, that is the first overlay item does not have to be overlay1, the template treats intermediate missing overlays as though they exist for column balancing, and it does not allow for any text wrapped new lines within an overlay item's text.

Undeterminable legend start and ends
If legend titles are provided without a corresponding start or end and the template cannot explicitly determine one from an adjacent legend then it will "guess" and unexpected results might be produced, which might not be stable with any template updates.

Legend start and end ranges can be overlapped. This is either a deficiency or a feature depending on how you look at it. However, overlapping ranges might result in unexpected behaviour, which might not be stable with any template updates.

Double quotes in pop up tips for overlays
Double quotes, ", cannot be placed in overlay tips when form = text or when form = colour are used. To include a double quote use its HTML coding, &#34;.

Double quotes are always allowed in the overlay, but if the overlay tip for that overlay is not set separately, the tip, which defaults to the same text as the overlay, will probably not display correctly. The overlay tip for an overlay with double quotes in it should always be set explicitly when form = text or when form = colour are used.

Usage
This is a colour/color friendly template. Either spelling can be used for any parameter value or any parameter name.

Editing grid and coordinates
To assist in determining the position of each overlay a coordinate grid showing from the left ordinates and from the top ordinates can be displayed by setting the grid parameter to yes:

| grid        = yes

The coordinate grid is 900 x 900, so if the image is set to be smaller than this, the page content may be off scrolled, etc. The presentation will return to normal when the grid parameter is removed or set to a value other than yes.

Note that the top ordinate is the position of the top of the overlay from the top of the image and the left ordinate is the left of the overlay from the left of the image.

Form = colour
When setting

| overlayNform = colour

then the overlays still use up numbered positions within the list of overlays. Accordingly, if using a mixture of image and-or text forms with colour forms, then gaps will appear in the number sequence where a colour form overlay is specified.

It might be generally best if colour form overlays are always set as the last overlays. See Spider's main organs below for example.

Full minimal skeleton
To assist editors, a full 30 overlays but minimal skeleton is provided below:

Examples
Note: The data in these examples is not necessarily correct.

title: Template:Overlay/doc


text:
User talk:41.121.119.164

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 01:22, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.121.119.164


text:
Talk:Horticulture/Herb Gardens

Herbs are an herb...
I want to bring this paragraph into review. It starts off weak (an herb is an herbaceous plant) and ends sophomoric (the first use... another use... the final use...). What do you think? Remfan1994 (discuss • contribs) 03:51, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Horticulture/Herb Gardens


text:
Wikijunior:Public Transit

How to use this book
(Don't click on the map, just the coloured boxes).

title: Wikijunior:Public Transit


text:
User talk:80.94.198.242

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 11:39, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.94.198.242


text:
Talk:Guide to X11/Define new resolution

This advice is harmful. My monitor doesn't support -hsync +vsync. It supports only +vsync +hsync. Timings also different.

I ended up with a black screen and the need to switch the console Alt+Crtl+F1 and kill X11. 5.173.216.36 (discuss) 15:08, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guide to X11/Define new resolution


text:
Machine Learning/Bank Fraud Detection

There are many applications for machine learning and binary classification, and one of these is the detection of illegitimate transactions on ATMs at banks.

 * True positive: The action was fraudulent, and the algorithm correctly identified the action as such.
 * False positive: The action was not fraudulent, yet the algorithm wrongly identified the action as such. (An innocent user was wrongly denied the service.)
 * True negative: The action was not fraudulent, and the algorithm correctly identified the action as being legitimate.
 * False negative: The action was a fraud, but the algorithm misclassified the action as legitimate. (A bad-faith user was wrongly granted the service.)

The recall is defined as number of true positives divided by the total number of true positives plus false negatives.

title: Machine Learning/Bank Fraud Detection


text:
User:Evilsophie2

Hi, my name is Sophie.

I edit Wikipedia under the name Megasophie2.

title: User:Evilsophie2


text:
User:Evilsophie2/sandbox

Berry crumble
Crumble is a British fruit dessert originating in the 1940s. It is most commonly filled with rhubarb, however sometimes may be filled with diced apple, berries, or other fruit, and is topped with streusel, hence the name. It is traditionally served with custard, although may also or instead be served with whipped cream or ice cream.

Ingredients

 * 600 grams berries (such as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), halved or quartered
 * 120 grams granulated sugar
 * 110 grams butter, refrigerated and cut into cubes
 * 220 grams plain flour
 * 110 grams demerara or other brown sugar

Method

 * 1) Preheat oven to 180C/350F, or 160C/320F using a gas oven.
 * 2) Mix berries with granulated sugar until the sugar and juices form a syrup at the bottom of the bowl or dish. The berries should be coated in the sugar at this point. Set aside.
 * 3) Using your fingers, rub the butter into the flour until it forms a breadcrumb texture. Add the demerara sugar and continue until combined.
 * 4) Place the berries into a dish and completely cover with topping. Put the dish into the oven and bake.
 * 5) Wait until the fruit can be seen bubbling (boiling) and the crumbly topping has turned golden-brown to remove. Cool for five to ten minutes and serve with custard and unsweetened cream or ice cream.

title: User:Evilsophie2/sandbox


text: Category:Fennel bulb recipes

title: Category:Fennel bulb recipes


text: Category:Fennel recipes

title: Category:Fennel recipes


text: Category:Fennel seed recipes

title: Category:Fennel seed recipes


text:
User talk:2001:44C8:4499:4C01:17E0:969:A5:491A

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 12:44, 16 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
User talk:60.240.140.138

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 13:57, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:60.240.140.138


text:
Template:WJPT

  }

 {	"params": { "1": {			"label": "Type" },		"2": {			"label": "City1" },		"3": {			"label": "Description + slideshow", "type": "string" },		"4": {			"label": "Image2", "type": "wiki-file-name" },		"5": {			"label": "City2" },		"6": {			"label": "Description2" },		"7": {			"label": "Image3", "type": "wiki-file-name" },		"8": {			"label": "City3" },		"9": {			"label": "Description3" },		"10": {			"label": "Image4", "type": "wiki-file-name" },		"11": {			"label": "City4" },		"12": {			"label": "Description4" }	} }

title: Template:WJPT


text:
User:Deborah Nangbo

A page with games and newsgroups😎😍😘🤩👨👩👨🏻👩🏻👨🏼👩🏼👨🏽👩🏽👨🏾👩🏾👨🏿👩🏿

title: User:Deborah Nangbo


text:
Cherokee/Vocabulary

Body Parts

Clothing

title: Cherokee/Vocabulary


text:
Cherokee/Body Parts

Description, Citation

Please help us elicit the missing information in this chart! BMA only tells us so much!

title: Cherokee/Body Parts


text: Category:Fenugreek seed recipes

title: Category:Fenugreek seed recipes


text: Category:Fenugreek leaf recipes

title: Category:Fenugreek leaf recipes


text:
Cookbook talk:Whole Wheat Bread (Vegan)

loaf pan capacity
Pardon me, isn't it important to be concerned with the size of the loaf pan (1 qt, 1.5 qts, or 2 qts). Shouldn't it matter, and therefore be explicitly stated? Remfan1994 (discuss • contribs) 20:19, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes, the pan dimensions are important to how the bread bakes! Based on the fact that the original recipe was written with cups and Fahrenheit, my guess is that it's referring to a standard USA loaf pan. This is around 8.5x4.5x2.5 inches or 9x5x2.5 inches. Cheers —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 00:01, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Whole Wheat Bread (Vegan)


text:
User:DevSpenpai/Drafts/Musculoskeletal Tests

TBD


text:
User:DevSpenpai/Drafts/Musculoskeletal Tests/FABER Test

Video

The FABER test, also known as Patrick’s test, to assist in diagnosis of hip, sacroiliac (SI) joint, or lumbar spine pathology by reproducing pain or limited range of motion (ROM) through specific movements. The test involves flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip, forming a figure-four position with the patient lying supine.

Steps

 * 1) The patient lies in a relaxed supine position.
 * 2) The examiner flexes the patient's knee to approximately 90 degrees then rests the patient's foot on his or her opposite knee (above or below the knee depending on patient's ROM)
 * 3) The examiner places a hand on the opposite leg's iliac crest to stabilize the hip.
 * 4) The examiner applies downward force to the knee of the flexed leg as tolerated by the patient

Someone is said to have a "positive" FABER test if:

 * The patient experiences pain in the hip or sacroiliac joint with flexion, abduction, or external rotation (pain with steps 2A, 2B, and/or 4)
 * There is a limitation in the range of motion compared to the unaffected side or as expected based on previous assessments.
 * The knee of the flexed leg does not drop down to the level of the opposite leg or as expected based on previous assessments.


text:
Wikijunior:Public Transit/Bus

BUS JAKARTA Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a special kind of bus system. While ordinary bus systems operate with traffic, BRT systems give buses extra powers. In a BRT public transit system, buses have separate lanes, large bus shelters that are like train stations, boarding platforms, and sometimes even priority at intersections. Bus rapid transit systems mix the benefits of usual bus routes and light rail.

Jakarta's bus rapid transit system is the biggest in the world. Look at the first image in the gallery below. Instead of a little glass shelter, the passengers are waiting in a small station. The boarding platform is higher up than the street. The bus is in a lane of its own, separated from the traffic by concrete bumps. Look through the rest of the pictures in the gallery, then look at other BRT systems around the world.

 Hong Kong Hong Kong doesn't have a bus rapid transit system like Jakarta, just ordinary bus routes. But Hong Kong's buses date back to the 1920s. There are more than 700 routes operating in Hong Kong today, and almost 6000 individual buses. Unusually, Hong Kong's bus services are neither owned nor operated by the government. Instead, private companies control them. Hong Kong also has double-decker buses, which have two levels. There is usually a large window at the front of the top level for passengers to look out. Double-deckers take up the same space on the road as an ordinary bus, bus can hold twice as many passengers. They were first made in Paris, and are now used around the world. Bogóta Bogóta, the capital city of Colombia, has a large BRT system. Some of its buses, like the one pictured to the left, have three segments, allowing for even more passengers. The bendy joints are called "articulations", therefore this type of bus is called a "double-articulated bus", or, because of its unusual length, a "train-bus".

title: Wikijunior:Public Transit/Bus


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title: User:Nick Bergen/common.css


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User talk:136.158.32.163

July 2024
MathXplore (discuss • contribs) 09:49, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:136.158.32.163


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Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion/Bannu Pulao

Bannu Pulao
Dear Administrators, I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to respectfully request the undeletion of my article on Bannu Pulao, which was recently removed due to a copyright violation. I understand and appreciate the importance of copyright compliance, and I would like to address the situation in a responsible and professional manner. Firstly, I want to highlight that I was not given any prior warning or notification regarding copyright issues in my article. I believe that a warning and guidance on the specific copyrighted content would have allowed me to rectify the problem without having the entire article deleted. I want to emphasize that a substantial amount of time and effort was invested in creating the article on Bannu Pulao. Incidents like these can be disheartening for newcomers and may discourage them from contributing to Wikibooks. I genuinely value the collaborative spirit of this platform and am committed to being more vigilant about copyright issues in the future. I assure you that, should the article be reinstated, I will diligently work to enhance it by incorporating reliable sources and ensuring that it aligns with Wikibooks' copyright policies. I kindly request your understanding and assistance in this matter. Thank you for your time and consideration. Pukhtun zalmai (discuss • contribs) 14:54, 19 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi @Pukhtun zalmai. It is true that I deleted it without warning, and I do apologize for that. We do, however, regularly have copyright issues in the cookbook, and the entire page was a near word-for-word copy/paste of | a recipe on another website. Before adding new recipes to the cookbook, you would have received a warning in the editor instructing you not to copy in such a way. Because of these issues, I am hesitant to restore it. We do welcome productive contributions, and you are welcome to contribute recipes that do not violate our policies. If you can prove that NiftyFoodz will donate the recipe in accordance with our policy, we can host it on Wikibooks. Cheers —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 18:09, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Dear Kittycataclysm,
 * I appreciate your prompt response and the clarification regarding the removal of my Bannu Pulao recipe from Wikibooks. I understand your concerns about copyright issues and the need to maintain the integrity of the content on the platform.
 * I would like to highlight that Bannu Beef Pulao, like many traditional dishes, follows a universal and generic preparation method with commonly used ingredients. It is not a unique or proprietary recipe owned by any specific source, and it is widely known in the culinary world. My intention was to contribute a standard, well-known version of the recipe to benefit the Wikibooks community.
 * I acknowledge the importance of adhering to Wikibooks' policies, and I apologize for any oversight in the initial submission. I am fully committed to revising the recipe to ensure that it is an original contribution, with rephrased wording that avoids any appearance of copying, and adheres to Wikibooks' content guidelines.
 * I am determined to ensure that the revised recipe complies with your policies and contributes positively to the Wikibooks platform.
 * Thank you for your understanding and guidance in this matter. Pukhtun zalmai (discuss • contribs) 18:39, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The point of restoring something is if it has value in the sense of being capable of being edited to meet policy requirements. For example, something that was out of scope could potentially be reworked to be in scope. This isn't true of a copyright violation. Restoring it restores the violation and the violation will remain in the history. Allowing you to edit it would simply create a derived work of a copyright work, which also isn't allowed. Therefore, it will not be restored. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 12:25, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Dear MarcGarver
 * Thank you for your understanding and guidance. I will respect your decision and focus on creating original, policy-compliant content for Wikibooks. Pukhtun zalmai (discuss • contribs) 03:07, 21 October 2023 (UTC)


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Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion/Minesweeper

Minesweeper
This book was deleted way back in 2010 back when strategy guides for video games were not allowed. I have stumbled upon the archived discussion here, and I think that since the Wikibooks community has accepted video game strategy guides, this book should be restored. P.s. in the discussion it’s written that one of the pages didn’t survive the transwiki since it was found unsuitable for strategywiki. Maybe it can be restored? I’m not sure because I haven’t read the page. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 18:04, 14 October 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:41.121.72.85

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 23:35, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.121.72.85


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User talk:41.116.251.66

--SHB2000 (discuss • contribs) 03:38, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.116.251.66