text:
Mario franchise strategy guide/Donkey Kong's animal buddies

In the Donkey Kong Country series of video games, including Donkey Kong Land and Donkey Kong 64, Donkey Kong and his simian friends have a series of animal buddies that can be found throughout levels and then used to assist the player in finding bonuses or defeating the Kremlings and other enemies. Various animal buddies also appear in other games, such as in Donkey Kong Jungle Beat and Donkey Kong Jet. Most of Donkey Kong's animal buddies were created by Rare and are owned by Nintendo.

Role
Most animal buddies can be ridden when released from a crate, allowing the player to take control of their special powers. Also, when released from a crate, the player will not take damage directly if riding on an animal buddy; instead, the animal buddy will simply run away and, in some cases, can be caught and ridden again (Squawks is the exception to this; if the player is hit while being carried by Squawks, he will drop one Kong, but the player still controls Squawks as long as the other Kong is still present.)

Also, the animal buddies can be transformed into through the use of special barrels in Donkey Kong Country 2 and onwards. The player will transform into whichever animal buddy is pictured on a specific barrel. The player controls the animal buddy directly in these situations and can take hold up to two hit points at once to correspond with the two Kongs. An extra hit point can be earned by hitting a DK barrel as usual when the player only has one.

In Donkey Kong 64, Rambi and Enguarde can only be found in crates, but they are played with in a similar fashion as when they are found in barrels in the Donkey Kong Country games.

Some animal buddies cannot be ridden or directly controlled at all, and instead perform utility functions, such as lighting up dark areas or collecting treasure.

Starting in Donkey Kong Country 2, some areas are off-limits to animal buddies. These will be marked with signs that show the animal's icon in a circle with a slash going through it. However, if the player brings the animal buddy to the sign successfully, a reward will usually appear in compensation (such as a balloon for extra lives or access to bonus areas).

In Donkey Kong Country 3, animal crates are rare, they were phased out in favor of animal barrels. For example, there are no animal crates (Except Parry) between the first level and the 29th level: Pot Hole Panic, which has the only Enguarde crate in the entire game (In the SNES version).

Interestingly, the animal buddies never appeared in the television series based on the games.

In the "Appearances" lists in each of the profiles below, the SNES game title also refers to its Game Boy Advance re-release unless otherwise noted.

Rambi the rhinoceros

Rambi the rhinoceros is one of the most well-known of Donkey Kong's animal buddies, appearing in more games than any other, except for Enguarde and Squawks. While he has not appeared in every Donkey Kong game, he is always the first animal buddy to be found in each game he appears in. He is able to defeat most enemies simply by running into them with his horn protruding from the front of his nose. He can also use his horn to break walls and open up hidden areas. In Donkey Kong Country 2 and all subsequent games, Rambi can charge at very fast speeds which allows him to break down heavier walls. In Donkey Kong 64, he can only be used in the "Jungle Japes" level and a few minigames, and is transformed into by Donkey Kong, with no other character being able to play as him. Rambi was also intended to appear in Rare's now cancelled Donkey Kong Racing.

In Mario Kart DS, one of Donkey Kong's karts resembles Rambi. He also cameos in Donkey Konga, where he and Cranky Kong dance at the bottom of the screen in challenge mode.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country
 * Donkey Kong Land
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2
 * Donkey Kong 64
 * Donkey Konga (cameo)
 * Mario Kart DS (in kart form)
 * Donkey Kong Barrel Blast

Enguarde the swordfish
Enguarde the swordfish has the most non-cameo appearances of any animal buddy, tied with Squawks, and the most playable appearances bar none. Enguarde swims with more precision and speed than that of the Kongs, and can defeat most underwater enemies with his pointed bill on his front. However, being a fish, he is essentially useless on land. In Donkey Kong Country 2 and all subsequent games (except for Donkey Kong Land III), he has a supercharge similar to Rambi's that can also break down certain walls as well as propel him across land if necessary. In Donkey Kong 64, he can only be used in the "Gloomy Galleon" level and a few mini-games, and only Lanky Kong can transform into him. Enguarde is one of three animal buddies the player fights a boss with. In Donkey Kong Country 3 and Donkey Kong Land III, the player uses him in the boss fight with the sea urchin Barbos.

As with Rambi, Enguarde was scheduled to make an appearance in Donkey Kong Racing. Interestingly, early shots portrayed multiple different coloured swordfish.

According to Nintendo Power's Donkey Kong 64 Player's Guide, Enguarde is a French swordfish. This is most likely evidenced by his name (which derives from the phrase, "En guarde!"), as he has never had a speaking role.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2
 * Donkey Kong Country 3
 * Donkey Kong Land III
 * Donkey Kong 64
 * Donkey Kong Barrel Blast

Expresso the ostrich

Expresso the ostrich can run at fast speeds, as his name implies, and he can glide by flapping his wings. He wears white sneakers. He is the only animal buddy that can be directly controlled by the player with no offensive abilities whatsoever, but small enemies will pass under his body due to his long, spindly legs. He is the only animal buddy besides Rambi to appear in Donkey Kong Land, but he didn't return in the original version of any subsequent game (possibly because his gliding ability was taken over by Dixie Kong and, later, Tiny Kong.) However, in the Game Boy Advance remake of Donkey Kong Country 2, Expresso is playable in a racing mini-game that rewards extra bonus items for winning. He is one of Cranky Kong's favorite animal buddies, as Cranky states in his commentary in the instruction manuals. An ostrich that looked like Expresso appeared in Jinxy's Dunes in Banjo-Pilot; this may be a leftover from the game's former being, Diddy Kong Pilot, that was not removed when the game was remodeled with Banjo characters.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country
 * Donkey Kong Land
 * Donkey Kong Country 2 (Game Boy Advance version only)
 * Banjo-Pilot (Cameo)

Winky the frog

Winky the frog has the ability to jump very high, and can defeat most enemies by jumping on them, including some that none of the Kongs can damage when jumping. Winky has the smallest number of major appearances of all controllable animal buddies, as he only appears in the original Donkey Kong Country. However, Rattly in Donkey Kong Country 2 has extremely similar abilities and a slightly similar physical appearance; therefore, he is often considered to be Winky's replacement. Like Expresso, he is one of Cranky Kong's favorite animal buddies; in fact, he can be seen in Cranky's Monkey Museum in Donkey Kong Country 2.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country
 * Donkey Kong Country 2 (Cameo, SNES version only)

Squawks the parrot

Squawks the parrot has the most non-cameo appearances of any animal buddy, tied with Enguarde. He is the only animal buddy to possess multiple different powers. In Donkey Kong Country, he was not directly controllable. He only appeared in one level, Torchlight Trouble in Gorilla Glacier, where he would carry a lantern around and follow the player through the nearly pitch-black stage.

In Donkey Kong Country 2 and Donkey Kong Country 3, and their Game Boy counterparts, he was directly controllable. Much larger than before, he could fly (either carrying the Kongs or alone) and spit eggs at the enemies. Thus, Squawks plays almost identically whether released from a crate or transformed into via a barrel in these games, though the presence of the Kongs makes him a bigger target for enemies, and can weigh him down.

Also, Donkey Kong Country 2 contained a blue parrot similar to Squawks that could only float downward slowly, while Donkey Kong Country 3 featured a purple parrot that could fly normally and pick up barrels, but could not spit eggs. These are two separate parrots with two separate color schemes. The two parrots are often confused for each other; one or both is often called "Squeaks" or "Flapper" on various fansites, but the only official name given to them are "Squawks' Cousins". Squawks and his purple cousin, given the name "Quawks", appear in Donkey Kong Barrel Blast.

In Donkey Kong 64, Squawks was returned to his original size, and he served as the player's guide throughout the game, but in certain areas, he reprised his roles from previous games; he could carry Tiny Kong if she shrunk herself, and he would carry a lantern in some dark caves. In the same game, purple parrots (in addition to green ones) are also seen during cinematic sequences, but they're essentially background characters.

Squawks is also the first animal buddy to fight against his own boss: King Zing, in Donkey Kong Country 2. (Rambi is actually the first to encounter King Zing, but only Squawks can fight him.)

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2
 * Donkey Kong Country 3
 * Donkey Kong Land III
 * Diddy Kong Racing/Diddy Kong Racing DS
 * Donkey Kong 64
 * Donkey Kong Barrel Blast (as an item)

Squitter the spider

Squitter the spider has the ability to spin webs. Some webs (executed by pressing the Y Button) can be used as projectiles to defeat enemies, while others (executed by pressing the A, L, or R Buttons) can be used as temporary platforms (in Donkey Kong Land 2 to make a platform you must shoot a web by pressing B and then press select while the web is still on the screen). The manuals for the games constantly refer to how "cool" he is. Like Expresso, he wears orange sneakers, one on each of his eight legs. In addition to that, he would also get hurt by jumping on top of enemies. He usually appears in fire-themed levels, like the first lava level in Donkey Kong Country 2 and the factory levels in Donkey Kong Country 3.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2
 * Donkey Kong Country 3
 * Donkey Kong Land III

Rattly the rattlesnake

Rattly the rattlesnake is coiled up like a spring, allowing him to jump very high. He plays very similarly to Winky, but he has a superjump similar in nature to Rambi and Enguarde's supercharges. He is the first animal buddy to appear in a barrel (allowing the player to control him without the presence of the Kongs) instead of a crate.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2

Clapper the seal

Clapper the seal is an unplayable animal buddy who can cool down water when he is touched. He only appears in two levels per game; in "Lava Lagoon," he cools down the boiling-hot water so that the Kongs can safely swim in it, while in "Clapper's Cavern," he turns ordinary water into ice so that the Lockjaw monster in the water cannot reach them.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2

Glimmer the anglerfish
Glimmer the anglerfish is another unplayable animal buddy who can light up the dark level known as "Glimmer's Galleon"; in fact, he appears in no other levels, making him extremely similar to Squawks's single appearance in the first Donkey Kong Country. Glimmer appears on the box art for Donkey Kong Land 2, but he never appears in that game. Also, an anglerfish similar in appearance to Glimmer can be briefly seen in the trailer for the now cancelled game Donkey Kong Racing.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 2
 * Donkey Kong Land 2 (Cameo, on the game's box art)

Ellie the elephant
Ellie the elephant appears to be Rambi's replacement in Donkey Kong Country 3, as they both are similar looking animals, and Ellie appears in the first level of her game as Rambi previously did. However, she plays differently. She can carry barrels (even pulling them in from a distance) and collect water in her trunk (allowing her to shoot it at the enemies), but, in classic cartoon form, she is extremely afraid of Sneek and will run any time she sees him. One particular level ("Stampede Sprint," in the secret world Krematoa) even centers around Ellie running uncontrollably after coming upon a trio of Sneek. Ellie is one of three animal buddies to fight a boss. She fights the waterfall monster Squirt in the area "Cotton Top Cove". She is also one of the only female animal buddies.

In Donkey Kong Land III, she plays differently than she does in Donkey Kong Country 3. First, she has an unlimited water supply, and she can spray water in any level she appears in. Second, she does not run from mice at all. Lastly, she cannot drag barrels in her trunk like in Donkey Kong Country 3.

In Donkey Konga, she appears at the bottom of the screen in Street Performance mode, dancing to the beat of the music played with Diddy Kong.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 3
 * Donkey Kong Land III
 * Donkey Konga (cameo)

Parry the parallel bird
Parry the "parallel bird" is an unplayable animal buddy who flies directly above the player's head at a specific distance (hence, he is moving parallel to the player.) He can collect treasures out of the player's normal reach, and the player usually receives significantly high rewards if Parry reaches the "No parallel birds" sign. However, he can be knocked out in a single hit from any enemy except Booty Birds. He is the only unplayable animal buddy to appear in more than two levels.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 3

Hoofer the wildebeest

Hoofer is a wildebeest that lives in snow regions. He was featured in Donkey Kong Jungle Beat to use as Rambi's replacement. Like Rambi, he has the ability to ram into objects and moves at high speeds. When obtaining the fruit items at the end of stages, Hoofer can perform a huge jump which earns players a certain number of beats depending on the distance travelled. Hoofer is known as Mooshin in the British manual.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Jungle Beat

Orco the killer whale

Orco is a killer whale found only at the beach of Pristine Sea in Donkey Kong Jungle Beat. Her abilities are similar to that of Enguarde the Swordfish, because she can ram into things, which uncovers hidden areas that Donkey Kong alone cannot reach. Orco also has the ability to jump very high out of the water in order to reach airborne beats, and to find the exit.

It is probably safe to assume that Orco is female, since it has babies, but this is not confirmed. She is known as Shachee in the British manual.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Jungle Beat

Flurl the squirrel

Flurl is a flying squirrel used in the same manner as a parachute in Donkey Kong Jungle Beat. Flurl is always found sleeping in trees, and the player is able to wake him up and use him to glide, floating across an area collecting beats in the air. He is known as Ressar in the British manual.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Jungle Beat

Helibirds
Helibirds are a type of bird that hover upwards in a similar manner as a helicopter. Helibirds can carry characters with their feet, flying into the air to collect beats and get to higher areas. There are multiple helibirds appearing in a variety of colors: blue (the main color), green, orange, purple, pink, and black. All of them are playable, with the exception of the black helibird, which one of the monkeys uses in "Helibird Dash". A similar creature known as a Chopperbird appears in one level, and in "Ninjape Rally", the Ninjapes each have their own miniature helibird.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Jungle Beat

Glower the tadpole
In the dark interior areas of the "Gloomy Galleon" stage in Donkey Kong 64, players can find a tadpole (or possibly a small fish) with a flashlight on its head that will follow the Kongs or Enguarde, fulfilling the same role as Squawks and Glimmer in previous games. This buddy is not found in a crate and can not be ridden.

This character is frequently called "Glower the Tadpole" on various fansites, but an official source for the name has not yet been given.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong 64

Nibbla the fish
Though he is seen as an enemy under normal circumstances, he appears in the level "Fish Food Frenzy" as a friend to the Kongs — so long as the player keeps him well fed. If the player continually feeds him Kocos, he will remain blue, smiling contently as he follows the Kongs throughout the level. However, if the player feeds Nibbla one of the many spiny-shelled Lurchins scattered throughout the level, or simply fails to feed him enough, his mood will gradually worsen until he finally satisfies his hunger by attacking a Kong. Nibbla's status as an animal buddy is debatable, as its feeding requirements acts much like an obstacle and inconvenience. However, for his help in clearing enemies from the level, he may be considered "partly" an animal friend. Also of note, there is a "No Nibbla" sign at the end of "Fish Food Frenzy", but no reward is given when bringing Nibbla past it.

Appearances:
 * Donkey Kong Country 3

Yoshi the dinosaur
Though not technically an animal buddy, Baby Donkey Kong is able to ride on Yoshi in the game Yoshi's Island DS. Yoshi is capable of slurping enemies up with his tongue and turning them into eggs, which he can throw.

Appearances:

 * Yoshi's Island DS
 * Donkey Kong Country 2 and Donkey Kong Land 2 in cameo appearances, as he mainly appears in various Mario games.
 * Donkey Konga (Cameo)
 * Donkey Konga 2 (Cameo)

Giraffe
One of the original animal buddies in Donkey Kong Country was supposed to be a giraffe and Donkey Kong would climb up his neck to reach higher places. However, he was replaced by Winky the Frog who could easily jump to high places whenever it was needed.


text:
User talk:Omoussa1911

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Omoussa1911!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:11, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Omoussa1911


text:
Automobile Repair/Mercury

Passenger Vehicle Models

 * /Bobcat/
 * /Capri/
 * /Colony Park/
 * /Comet/
 * /Commuter/
 * /Cougar/
 * /Custom/
 * /Cyclone/
 * /Eight/
 * /LN7/
 * /Lynx/
 * /Grand Marquis/
 * /M-Series/
 * /Marauder/
 * /Mariner/
 * /Marquis/
 * /Medalist/
 * /Meteor/
 * /Milan/
 * /Monarch/
 * /Montclair/
 * /Montego/
 * /Monterey/
 * /Mountaineer/
 * /Mystique/
 * /Park Lane/
 * /S-55/
 * /Sable/
 * /Topaz/
 * /Tracer/
 * /Turnpike Cruiser/
 * /Villager/
 * /Voyager/
 * /Zephyr/

title: Automobile Repair/Mercury


text:
User talk:92.40.176.209

You cannot edit for 7 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 00:37, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:92.40.176.209


text:
User talk:182.255.96.130

You cannot edit for 14 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 03:04, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:182.255.96.130


text:
I Ching/The 3-coin Method

The following method of divination by random casting of coins is described by Stephen Karcher in The Elements of the I Ching (1995), page 24 (published by Element Books): "To use the coin oracle, you must have three similar coins. Heads are yang and have value 3. Tails are yin and have value 2. Throw the coins six times and add up the numbers each  time. For each  throw record the number and kind of  line it refers to (6 = transforming yin; 7 = stable yang; 8 = stable yin; 9 = transforming yang). Form your hexagram from the bottom up, then use the key to the hexagrams ... to determine its number and name." Karcher explains (page 15) that transforming lines (or moving lines) are "hot spots that tell you where and how things are moving and suggest specific strategies to deal with them."

title: I Ching/The 3-coin Method


text:
User talk:129.126.35.108

--Xania   talk 06:23, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.126.35.108


text:
User talk:175.176.24.1

--Xania   talk 12:54, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:175.176.24.1


text: Financial Math FM/Print version

title: Financial Math FM/Print version


text:
User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123!

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  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:44, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

Greetings
Hi there,

I've seen that you've transferred you account from Gifnk dlm 2020. It has been questioned, but as far I'm concerned this is fine.

Do you want me to transfer your permissions from Gifnk dlm 2020? If you wish me to do so please ask me and I will do it.

How are things going with you? Whatever your future plans, you've done some good work here.

Take care, -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:17, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

 * , thank you very much! I would greatly appreciate it to have the permissions transferred from my previous account. I plan to continue doing the same edits I used to do with my previous account. - 🇺🇦 Slava🇺🇦Ukraini 🇺🇦 Heroyam🇺🇦Slava🇺🇦(talk)🇺🇦 06:13, 6 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi I've done that for you. Also I have also updated Strategy guides per your suggestion. All the best! -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 07:27, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

 * , thank you very much! - 🇺🇦 Slava🇺🇦Ukraini 🇺🇦 Heroyam🇺🇦Slava🇺🇦(talk)🇺🇦 07:44, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

Fireboy and Watergirl in the Forest Temple
You still working on that one? The last edit was June 2021 and there is only level 1, not the others. I found it in the reading room and was mostly interested because I played it once, who knows how many years ago, and never got past level 2 or 3. L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 20:35, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

 * , sorry for the very late reply. I planned to reply and then forgot to. The short answer is that I’m not sure how to properly describe the second level because of the hanging log. Sorry again for the super late reply. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 18:23, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * You're not the only person who forgets things! (Literally, I say "I forgot" at least once a week. Almost like I'll die if I don't.) Anyway. If the log was in level 2, it was level 2 I couldn't finish. (You could just describe it as a log that swings if you move on it, and if you walk too close to the edge, you fall. But like I said, it was a long while ago since I played. That log is a fizzy (keeping the typo there as it made me laugh! It should say "fuzzy".) memory at best.) L10nM4st3r / Roar at me 20:49, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

 * , thank you very much! I will try to write something like that about level 2. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 10:46, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

 * , I have finally got to writing Fireboy and Watergirl in the Forest Temple/Level 2, though it still needs to be proofread. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 17:08, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Your bot
Could you do something about the vandals? See Minecraft resource gathering/Authors & Contributors, which has a few blocked vandals, like "William harkness is stupid" and "name pun". Maybe you could exclude indef-blocked users from the list? Or users whos edits on the book are all reverted? (edit: one indef blocked user on that list actually did quite a bit, it would be unfair to exclude them - it may have to be the second one or a mixture of both)

Another idea: when the bot searches pages for contribs, does it use Special:prefix index? If it does, what if you used it tok check all sub-pages of the book and the book title? It might fix the issue you put on the userpage of the bot. For example: Minecraft. It searches the contribs of all pages beginning with "Minecraft/", and then Minecraft itself separately, outside of the "loop" used to scan prefix index.

Hope that helps improving the bot. I myself have a fairly large bit of understanding how code works (I'm making a video game) - but outside of GD Script, I kinda suck. Even shaders, which I write at least once a month and my game depends on, I suck at, or I would be using it even more for performance gains. 14:15, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

 * , thanks for the in-depth analysis of the bot. For the bot, I chose to use catanalysis which is used by the incubator to check the amount of activity of a test wiki. I just set it to English Wikibooks and set the prefix as the title of the book, then I scraped a list of all the usernames, excluding User:(Anonymous) which doesn’t really exist and is just all ip editors listed as one user, as well as imported accounts (ones with >) since they cause problems in Template:usercheck. I might add those usernames to the list only without the > but that would still be a problem with stuff imported from strategywiki. I might also add them with the > but without the usercheck and as a special section (Imported contributors).
 * Now that I thought about it more, I feel the problem with Minecraft/Minecraft resource gathering can be solved by using catanalysis only on categories instead of prefixes. This will exclude talk pages and maybe book related templates (unless they get added to the category), but will work for listing all users who contributed to content pages.
 * About vandals, I don’t want to exclude blocked users because of the concern you raised. Tgregtregretgtr is at least by the number of edits the number one editor (or number 2 if you add the amount of edits of my account with my previous one Gifnk dlm 2020), so it would be unfair to exclude him. I can implement a blacklist for accounts that have only done vandalism and not constructive edits. That would probably be User:AuthorsAndContributorsBot/Blacklist, and it would list vandals who have not engaged in constructive editing at all. Users who engaged in both constructive editing and trolling should not be included in my opinion.
 * Btw, what game are you developing? That sounds interesting :-). - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 16:04, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Also, I like what you did with Guide to the Godot game engine/Contributors, having the page the bot edits (Authors & Contributors) embedded in another page which you are free to format as you wish. Great idea! - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 16:16, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I noticed that you added the template of the book “Minecraft” to the category of the book so I tried to implement my suggestion. It however does not work, since the category is Category:Book:Minecraft, so tried to type Book:Minecraft is a category of English Wikibooks, however the tool does not support namespaces. Since the bot gets the list of editors by scraping the html file generated by the server, I first check catanalysis in the browser, only then implement changes to the bot. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 17:02, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

 * (about my game) It's a bit like terraria, but with different enemies. The backstory is that a mysterious purple substance (purple as it reminds me of evil) that is spreading across the planet at a rapid pace. Just as it was closing in on "the last green" (the last remaining place on the planet with living life) it stopped, and nobody knows why. Soon after, the player wakes up dizzy, in the middle nowhere with nomemories. The player must make their way through the game, mostly finding new resources for better gear, to beat an unknown enemy that threatens you multiple times throughout the game, giving clues on how to spawn the next boss. I am currently working on the start of a group of powerful bosses with power strong enough to destroy a planet. The "purgelord" is similar to terraria's wall of flesh, but more destructive. After that, I plan on adding things like a massive plant that always grows, a dragon boss, a human who got a gift from the final boss, then soon after, the game gets really insane, as the time until the final fight draws near... You'll need to fight armies of supposedly "unkillable" zombies. Mindles husks, powered up greatly by the purple stuff (called the curse) and a dark terrible creature you've been dreading since it's first message. Who will remain nameless [for now] just to ad to the suspense! 18:44, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oop, didn't read your other comments, you posted them before I finished the one above. 21:44, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , I like the idea. I would be interested in getting updates on when the game is released. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 22:28, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * (About Minecraft) if the template had another "Category:Minecraft", would it work? The category would need to be hidden since it is just a dummy, but would it still work? 21:53, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , if there was a category “Category:Minecraft”, it would work. In order to avoid the implications of having to create a dummy category for every single book, I think this should be added to the list as “>Minecraft” since the character “>“ can’t be included in the title of a page in wikimedia, then I will change the code of the bot to check if the listed title begins with a “>” and if it’s “>Minecraft” it will search in category “Minecraft”. If it’s “Guide to the Godot game engine” it will search the prefix “Guide to the Godot game engine” this saves the need to create many dummy categories. I feel that in order to avoid the potential deletion of this dummy category we should discuss this with an admin. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 22:27, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * More bot ideas: it should exclude bots. It tends to update lists, then update them again to add itself in. Maybe also put bookcat on the bottom of the updated pages? And a notice at the top saying the list is automatically updated? Your choice how (and if) to do it. I am also holding back another idea for later when I've thought it out some more. 22:28, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , about excluding bots, I can easily do this if I can safely assume that all bots include the word “bot” in the name and that only bots include the word “bot” in the name. I’m not sure if the assumption is correct. I will try adding BookCat, and I have already made a notice “This list is updated automatically by AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Please do not update it.” However it doesn’t update any of the pages because no new contributors edited them and it detects that the number of contributors listed is equally to the number of contributors in catanalysis. See for example Guide to the Godot game engine/Authors & Contributors. Removing bots will mean that the number is different, and therefore it will have to update to remove the bots and include the message. Btw, feel free to edit the message. So far, all the times you edited my text, you improved it. If you modify, I will copy the modified version to the code (assuming it’s an improvement of course). Another way to check for bots is to check for a bot flag, however my bot for reference does not have one. I might request it though since it’s annoying that edits by a bot get included in Special:RecentChanges as edits by human editors. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 23:15, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * You could use the blacklist to exclude specific bots. I'm sure there is a user with the word "bot" who is a human. Like as part of another word. Like "bottle" - very unlikely username, but not impossible. Bottom and bother and botany (random wors from my autocorrect) also contain "bot". 09:10, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Yeaa. See Special:Users and type "bot" in the textbar below where it says (something like) "search for users beginning with" 09:13, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , I will create a bot blacklist and include the updated message in the code. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 10:16, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * What about blocked vandalism only accounts, or is it just a bot blacklist? And the bookcat? 10:38, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * So trolls with constructive edits seem less common than blocked vandals. What if indef-blocked users were removed from the list, unless they were on a whitelist. People like Tgreg would go on there without question. 12:07, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * So I have added BookCat. It’s possible to blank pages so that they will be automatically updated by the bots. I noticed that you added vandals to the bot blacklist. In my opinion, it’s possible to move it to User:AuthorsAndContributorsBot/blacklist. I like your idea of creating a white list for vandals who did constructive edits, but Im not sure if the admins of Wikibooks would be thrilled with hosting a troll whitelist. I personally have no problem with this but the admins might. If we choose to go through this route I will have to find out how to check if a user is indefinitely blocked. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 13:07, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , sorry, I forgot to ping you. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 13:08, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Btw, I checked the vandals you added to the list, and Name Pun has done constructive edits to Minecraft resource gathering and Minecraft Speedrunning. He has also vandalized Template:Minecraft/mob but then reverted the edit himself. I’m not sure what to make out of it. I suggest to add them to the blacklist like you did, then create a whitelist where each one of them is only whitelisted for certain books. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 14:13, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * how do you feel about this? You're both admins so you should probably decide what's best here. 14:26, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I would also ping since the user is experienced with bots. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 14:29, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , I would correct the Ping with typo above, but since Ping only works with signed comments, I will ping you again. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 15:33, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Urgh, I get it wrong every time. 15:41, 4 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , the admins haven’t answered yet so for now I will move the blacklist to simply “blacklist” instead from “bots blacklist” and keep Name Pun in the blacklist. I think I can implement a system where blacklisted users are whitelisted for certain books. Of course the admins as well as other users are still welcome to comment. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 16:00, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Legally anyone contributing to a book holds the copyright in their contribution. In practice we have rarely listed anyone as an author unless they have done something that is more than correct a few typos. The real decision on whether someone should be listed as an author or not is whether their contribution is still in the book - if it was removed or reverted, they no longer authored any of the content. I suspect this is a hard thing for a bot to work out. In terms of removing bots, I don't think it matters either way but in principle I'd be happy with excluding anyone with bot in the username. After all, the legal list of contributors can be found in the edit history and people are free to add themselves to an author page manually if they choose. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 08:49, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I think the bot blacklist idea is the best though (not all bots have a bot userright), as names with "bot" may not necessaraly mean they are bots. And some bots don't have "bot" in their name. 09:12, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , considering the above comments, I have removed “Name Pun” from the blacklist. If the book “Minecraft” gets added to the list of books, I might add him back and whitelist him from certain books, but this is the only book he vandalized and as of now, it’s not in the list of books which this bot maintains a list of contributors for. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 19:06, 11 November 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:GoreyCat

Thanks
Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:48, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the late reply. I just relized that you posted. But no problem.GoreyCat (discuss • contribs) 03:19, 17 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:GoreyCat


text:
User talk:Imraniim211

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Imraniim211!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:49, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Imraniim211


text:
User talk:BlackEvangelical

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, BlackEvangelical!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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Thanks for your contributions.

Please note, pages should only have book categories, or sub-categories of their book category. See Wikibooks Stacks/Adding books. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:55, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:BlackEvangelical


text:
User talk:Anne Correia

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Anne Correia!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
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 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
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 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:58, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anne Correia


text:
User talk:Darkmisio

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Darkmisio!

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If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:12, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darkmisio


text:
User talk:IdealSnake

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, IdealSnake!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

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  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:14, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:IdealSnake


text:
Cookbook:Tempering Chocolate

Tempering chocolate is a technique that controls the formation of cocoa butter crystals in order to yield snappy and shiny solid chocolate. When tempered chocolate is melted, it must be re-tempered or it will lose these properties upon solidification. Untempered chocolate is soft, melts easily, and does not hold its shape well.

A variety of techniques exist for tempering chocolate, but the basic principle is the same. The chocolate must first be heated to its melting temperature to liquefy it and melt all the cocoa butter crystals. The chocolate is then cooled to the crystallization temperature and agitated to encourage the formation of small seed crystals. Next, the chocolate is gently heated again to eliminate all but the desirable high-melting-temperature crystals—this is called the working temperature. Finally the chocolate is spread or molded as desired before complete cooling.

Temperature
All types of chocolate follow the same tempering stages: melting, crystallization, and working. However, the desired temperatures for these stages differ depending on what kind of chocolate you use. The following table indicates the temperatures to aim for when working with dark, milk, and white chocolate.

Seeding Method
In the seeding method, already-tempered chocolate is used to seed the melted chocolate with the desirable crystals

 * 1) Chop chocolate into pieces. Reserve about 25% of the chopped chocolate to use for seeding.
 * 2) Fully melt the chocolate, bringing it to the indicated melting temperature.
 * 3) Remove from the heat and stir in the reserved seed chocolate until smooth. Cool to the indicated crystallization temperature.
 * 4) Gently heat the chocolate to its working temperature.

Tabling Method
In the tabling method, melted chocolate is worked on a marble slab to generate seed crystals.

 * 1) Melt the chocolate, bringing it to the indicated melting temperature.
 * 2) Pour about ½ to ⅔ of the melted chocolate onto a clean marble slab.
 * 3) Use a spatula or pastry scraper to spread and work the melted chocolate until it begins to thicken and turn dull. It should be a few degrees below the working temperature.
 * 4) Return the tabled chocolate to the remaining melted chocolate. Stir and heat gently if needed to reach its working temperature.

Sous-vide Method
The sous-vide method uses the precise control of a sous-vide to consistently bring the chocolate to the exact temperatures required for tempering.

 * 1) Chop the chocolate. Place in a sous-vide bag, and vacuum seal shut.
 * 2) Place in a sous-vide bath set to the indicated melting temperature. Let melt completely, massaging the bag.
 * 3) Set the sous-vide to the indicated crystallization temperature. Add a few ice cubes if desired to help it reach this temperature quickly. Massage the bag every minute or so to encourage even crystal formation.
 * 4) Once the sous-vide hits the crystallization temperature, set it to the indicated working temperature. Massage the chocolate every few minutes until the working temperature is reached.
 * 5) The chocolate can be left at working temperature until use. Massage the bag before opening it and using the chocolate.

Freeze-dried Cocoa Butter Method
This method uses freeze dried cocoa butter powder (e.g. Mycryo) to generate the desirable crystals.

 * 1) Fully melt the chocolate.
 * 2) Cool the chocolate to about 33-34˚C (91-93˚F).
 * 3) Add 1% by weight of freeze-dried cocoa butter powder, and mix well.
 * 4) Keep the tempered chocolate around its working temperature until use.

Tempering Machine
Tempering machines exist to ease the tempering process, especially when working with large amounts of chocolate. These machines use computers to precisely control the temper of the chocolate. They range in size from countertop models to large commercial machines.

title: Cookbook:Tempering Chocolate


text:
Cookbook talk:Green Bean Casserole II

Merged
Merged into Cookbook:Green Bean Casserole as requested via template. -- Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 02:27, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Green Bean Casserole II


text: User talk:Hehehehdhdnfjfjejfbdjdj

title: User talk:Hehehehdhdnfjfjejfbdjdj


text:
Probability/Properties of Distributions

Introduction
Recall that pdf (or cdf) describes the random behaviour of a random variable. However, we may sometimes find the pdf (or cdf) to be too complicated, and only want to know some about the random variable. In view of this, we study some properties of distributions in this chapter, which provide descriptions of the random behaviour of the random variable.

Some examples of such partial descriptions include
 * location (e.g. pdf is 'located' at left or right?),
 * dispersion (e.g. 'sharp' of 'flat' pdf?),
 * skewness (e.g. pdf is symmetric, skewed to left, or skewed to right?), and
 * tail property (e.g. pdf have 'light' or 'heavy' tails?).

We can describe them, but such descriptions are quite subjective and inaccurate. To give a more objective and accurate measure to such descriptions, we evaluate them using some quantitative measures derived from the pdf (or cdf) of the random variable.

We will discuss some of such quantitative measures in this chapter. Among these, the is the most important one, since many of other properties base upon the concept of.

Expectation
We have different alternative names for expectation, e.g. expected value and mean.

{{colored exercise| In a process, we first toss an {{colored em|unfair}} coin one time, with probability $$p$$ for the head to come up. If head comes up in the first toss, we toss {{colored em|another unfair}} coin one time, with probability $$q$$ for the head to come up. If tails comes up in the first toss instead, We throw an arrow to the ground one time. Let $$X$$ be the number of {{colored em|head}} coming up in all tosses, $$Y$$ be the {{colored em|angle}} from the north direction to the direction pointed by the arrow, measured clockwise and in radian, and $$Z$$ be the number we get from the process finally. Suppose that $$Y\sim \mathcal U[0,2\pi)$$.

{Choose correct expression(s) of $$\mathbb E[X]$$. - $$p$$ - $$q$$ + $$p+q$$ - $$(1-p)(1-q)+p(1-q)+q(1-p)+2pq$$ - $$2p(1-q)+2pq$$ }
 * type="[]"}
 * What is $$X$$?
 * What is $$X$$?
 * $$\mathbb E[X]=\cancel{0[(1-p)(1-q)]}+1[p(1-q)+q(1-p)]+2[pq]=p\cancel{-pq}+q\cancel{-pq}\cancel{+2pq}=p+q$$
 * $$0(1-p)(1-q)=0$$
 * $$p(1-q)\ne q(1-p)$$ in general.

{Choose correct expression(s) of $$\mathbb E[Y]$$. + $$\pi$$ - $$p\pi$$ - $$q\pi$$ - $$(1-p)\pi$$ - $$(1-q)\pi$$
 * type="[]"}
 * $$\mathbb E[Y]=(0+2\pi)/2=\pi$$.
 * Remark: recall from the chapter about random variable that the interval of the support can be closed, open or half-open, without affecting the result.
 * The angle we get is not affected by $$p$$.
 * The angle we get is not affected by $$q$$.
 * The angle we get is not affected by $$p$$.
 * The angle we get is not affected by $$q$$.

{Choose correct expression(s) of $$\mathbb E[Z]$$. + $$pq+(1-p)\pi$$ - $$p(p+q)+(1-p)\pi$$ - $$pq+(1-p)q\pi$$ - $$p(p+q)+(1-p)p\pi$$
 * type="[]"}
 * $$\mathbb E[Z]=p\mathbb E[\text{number of head coming up in the 2nd toss}]+(1-p)\mathbb E[Y]=pq+(1-p)\pi.$$

{If the two coins are, choose correct statement(s). - $$\mathbb E[Z]$$ increases. - $$\mathbb E[Z]$$ decreases. + Change in $$\mathbb E[Z]$$ depends on values of $$p$$ and $$q$$. + $$\mathbb E[Y]$$ remains unchanged. - $$\mathbb E[Z]$$ increases if $$p=q=1/3$$. }} In the following, we introduce a useful result that gives the relationship between expectation and probability, we can use expectation to ease the computation of probability using this result.
 * type="[]"}
 * Since $$\mathbb E[Z]=pq+(1-p)\pi$$
 * If $$p=q=1/3$$, when the coins are still unfair,
 * $$\mathbb E[Z]=(1/3)^2+(1-1/3)\pi\approx 2.205506$$.
 * When the coins become fair,
 * $$\mathbb E[Z]=(1/2)^2+(1-1/2)\pi\approx 1.820796$$.
 * So, $$\mathbb E[Z]$$ actually decreases.

When there are multiple random variables involved, we may derive the joint pmf or pdf first to compute the expectation, but it can be quite difficult and complicated to do so. Practically, we use the following theorem more often.

The proof is quite complicated, and hence we skip it. In the following, we will introduce several properties of expectation that can help us to simplify computations of the expectation.

Mean of some distributions of a continuous random variable
We will introduce the formulas for mean of some distributions of a random variable, which are relatively simpler.

Examples
{{colored exercise| {Choose correct statement(s). - $$\mathbb E[X]\ge 0$$ for each random variable $$X$$. + $$\mathbb E[|X|]\ge 0$$ for each random variable $$X$$. + $$|\mathbb E[X]|\ge 0$$ for each random variable $$X$$. - $$\mathbb E[XYZ]=\mathbb E[X]\mathbb E[Y]\mathbb E[Z]$$ if random variables $$X,Y$$ and $$Z$$ are pairwise independent.
 * type="[]"}
 * This is true for each nonnegative random variable, and $$X$$ may not be nonnegative.
 * Actually, if $$X$$ is negative, then its expected value is nonpositive, by considering $$\mathbb E[-X]$$ and linearity.
 * Since $$|X|\ge 0$$, this holds by nonnegativity.
 * This follows from the nonnegativity of absolute value function.
 * The pairwise independence is not sufficient for this to hold. We need mutual independence of $$X,Y$$ and $$Z$$.

{Given that $$\mathbb E[X]=-k=-\mathbb E[Y]$$, Choose correct expression(s) for $$\mathbb E[aX+bY+c]$$. + $$a\mathbb E[X]+\mathbb E[bY+c]$$ - $$c\mathbb E[(a/c)X+(b/c)Y]+c$$ + $$(b-a)k+c$$ - $$\mathbb E[-ak+bk+c]$$ } }} Let us illustrate the usefulness of fundamental bridge between probability and expectation by giving a proof to inclusion-exclusion using this bridge.
 * type="[]"}
 * We can obtain this by linearity.
 * This expression is undefined if $$c=0$$. However, if $$c=0$$, $$\mathbb E[aX+bY+c]$$ may not be undefined.
 * We can obtain this by linearity.
 * This is wrong since $$\mathbb E[Z]\ne \mathbb E[\mathbb E[Z]]$$ for each random variable $$Z$$ in general.

Probability generating functions
An application of expectation is. As suggested by its name, it can probabilities in some sense.

Variance (and standard deviation)
Indeed, is a special case of , and is related to in some sense.

Since $$(X-\mathbb E[X])^2$$ is the squared deviation of the value of $$X$$ from its mean, in view of the definition of variance, we can see that variance measure the (or ) of distribution, since it is what we would of the squared deviation if we are to take an observation of the random variable.

Another term which is closed related is.

Quantile
Then, we will discuss. In particular, and  range are quite related to.

The following are some terminologies related to.

and measure centrality and dispersion respectively. Recall that and  measure the same things respectively. One advantage of and  is, since they are always defined, while and can be infinite, and they fail to measure centrality and dispersion in those occasions. However, and  also have some disadvantages, e.g. they may be more difficult to be computed, and may not be very accurate.

Mode
Mode is another measure of centrality.

Covariance and correlation coefficients
In this section, we will discuss two important properties of distributions, namely  and. As we will see, covariance is related to variance in some sense, and correlation coefficient is closed related to correlation.

Both and  measure  between $$X$$ and $$Y$$. As we will see, $$\rho(X,Y)\in[-1,1]$$, $$X,Y$$ are more highly correlated as $$|\rho(X,Y)|$$ increases, and $$X$$ has a linear relationship with $$Y$$ if $$|\rho(X,Y)|=1$$.

Then, we will discuss about. The following is the definition of between correlation between two random variables.

Covariance and correlation coefficient are, but they have differences. In particular, $$\operatorname{Cov}(X,Y)$$ depends on of $$X$$ and $$Y$$, not just their relationship. Thus, this number is affected by the variances, and does not measure their relationship accurately. On the other hand, $$\rho(X,Y)$$ for  of $$X$$ and $$Y$$, and therefore measures their relationships more.

The following is one of the most important properties of correlation coefficient.

Then, we will define several terminologies related to correlation coefficient.

Then, we will state an important result that is related to independence and correlation. Intuitively, you may think that 'independent' is the same as 'uncorrelated'. However, this is wrong. Indeed, 'independent' is than 'uncorrelated'.

However, converse is true, as we will see in the following example.

title: Probability/Properties of Distributions


text:
Cookbook:Baked Cabbage and Bacon

Ingredients

 * 1 head of green cabbage, sliced and/or diced
 * Bacon, chopped
 * Butter
 * Parsley
 * 1 egg
 * Grated cheese
 * Cayenne pepper
 * ½ onion, roughly chopped
 * Salt

Procedure

 * 1) Boil the cabbage until tender. Drain.
 * 2) Fry the chopped bacon in butter.
 * 3) Combine the cooked cabbage, bacon, parsley, egg, cheese, cayenne, and chopped onion. Season to taste with salt.
 * 4) Transfer mixture to a glass baking dish. Bake 15 minutes at 180˚C.
 * 5) Serve with toasted bread.

title: Cookbook:Baked Cabbage and Bacon


text: Shelf:Macroeconomics

title: Shelf:Macroeconomics


text: Category:Shelf:Macroeconomics/all books

title: Category:Shelf:Macroeconomics/all books


text: Category:Shelf:Macroeconomics

title: Category:Shelf:Macroeconomics


text: Shelf:Macroeconomics/ancestry

title: Shelf:Macroeconomics/ancestry


text:
Add appendix (experimental software)

French Add_appendix wiki manual

Add_appendix SOFTWARES DESCRIPTIVE MANUAL Révision : 25 mars 2022

DESCRIPTIONS

 * The appendix (VO), annex, add_appendix/annexer (VI), addappendix softwares creates Appendix pages for books from wikibooks.
 * Requirements for all versions: The mkd must be installed.

VERSIONS
(VO): Original version in french. (VI): Internationalized version. Compiled book: Collection of article obtained through the menu Create a collection to print with PediaPress or to create an Appendix of books with addappendix.
 * Lexicon:

annex, add_appendix, addappendix. The messages of the executable scripts are in French, they are executable in the following order: lister, télécharger, ajouter_sclt, ajouter_sclic, ajouter_sclip.inc, sclipwb, sclipco, or, globally : annexer The construction of the appendix page can thus be controlled step by step as provided in the "directive destinée à l'apprentissage de la programmation bash". - Note - The appendix pages of the books and booklets of the schooner Cardabela  were produced with this version of June 2020. The Makefile add_appendix.mak facilitates the installation of this version in the user directory ~/Add_appendix The Makefile addappendix.mak facilitates the installation of this version in the user directory ~/Add_appendix and in the /usr/local system without going through the package.
 * 1) annexer (VO) is the original version of this appendix page creator software series:
 * 1) annex follows the version annexer (VO). This internationalized version can be used in all languages. The original language of the messages is English as it should be for internationalization with gettext. Scripts are executable successively and are translated individually.
 * 2) add_appendix/annexer (VI) is the final version after annex. It is composed of the basic files of the annex version to which we have added two scripts intended to facilitate the creation of the book directory containing the files necessary for the execution of the program annex  which is a component of it. In the same way the scripts are executable successively, starting with pre-annex
 * 1) addappendix is the packaged version for easy installation on linux. The ubuntu package can be converted for other systems like fedora, red hat, and others.

 * Characteristics of each software:
 * annexer (VO) is simple, exclusively in French.
 * annex requires a manual action to create the book directory and copy the contents of book to it.You can use pre-annex to create the contents of the book directory.
 * add_appendix/annexer (VI) creates the directory of the book and copies there the files necessary for the execution of the program, it takes into account the summaries, contents, collections.
 * addapendix creates program execution conditions and runs exclusively whith a URL from compiled bookSee Lexicon

annexer (VO)

 * Reference pages: Annexer (Version_orignale)
 * Revision date: 01/07/2020
 * Lang: French
 * Download: yes
 * Manual installation: possible (easy): Copy scripts from wikibooks to files in ~/Annexer directory
 * Traditional linux manual:  French. 'annexer_fr.1'
 * Usage: annexer < BookName | ? > [ -v ] [ -pb | -pc ]
 * Options:
 * ? : help
 * -v : Verbose mode
 * -pb : Search the images of the book in fench wikibooks.
 * -pc : Search images in commons
 * Example: LivreTest

 * 1) Open a terminal and verify if mkdsoftware is present; (man mkd or mkd \?)
 * 2) Create the directory ~/Annexer/LivreTest.
 * 3) Enter in directory Annexer.
 * 4) Edit https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Goelette_Cardabela/Sandbox/LivreTest/contenu
 * 5) Copy edited part to ~/Annexer/LivreTest/LivreTest.contenu
 * 6) Run ./annexer LivreTest
 * 7) Compare with ./annexer LivreTest -pb and ./annexer LivreTest -pc
 * - Note: - To integrate the images of the root of the book you can add the address of the book at the beginning of the file LivreTest.contenu :

LivreTest ArticleUn
 * Article maître du livre
 * Contenus

ArticleDeux

ArticleTrois
 * Note that the appendix software only knows the site https://fr.wikibooks.org, we are not looking for the name of the site of origin of the book.

annex

 * Reference pages: Software development
 * Revision date: 04/10/2021
 * Lang: English, French
 * Download: No. You can copy scripts from wikibooks to files(.sh) in ~/Add_appendix/src/Add_appendix directory
 * Manual installation: yes or whith add_appendix.mak which includes annex
 * Traditional linux manual: English annex_en.1, French annex_fr.1
 * Usage: annex < BookName | ? > [ -v ] [ -pb | -pc ]
 * Options:
 * ? : Help
 * -v : Verbose mode
 * -pb : Find the pictures in site wikibooks.
 * -pc : Find the pictures in site wikimedia commons
 * Exemple: Project TestBook

Since May 2021 we use pre-annex to configure the book directory:
 * Header documentation pre-annex.sh
 * 1) H Workdir is ~/Add_appendix or ~/Annexer
 * 2) H Executable file : Workdir/bin/pre-annex
 * 3) H Syntax : pre-annex
 * Documentation of program pre-annex
 * 1) F Ce programme pré-annexe la construction de l'annexe du livre
 * 2) F Si ce programme s'est bien exécuté, le répertoire de projet aura été créé
 * 3) F - le fichier projet.suffixe et un fichier html local auront été créés dans
 * 4) F - le répertoire du projet
 * 5) F Il est proposé d'éditer la page 'Contenu' ou 'Sommaire' ou de 'Compilation'
 * 6) F  afin d'être éventuellement recopiée manuellement dans le fichier
 * 7) F  projet.suffixe
 * 1) Open a terminal
 * 2) Enter in ~/Add_appendix directory
 * 3) Éxécute bin/pre-annex https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Goelette_Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook
 * 4) Éxécute bin/annex TestBook
 * 5) Compare with bin/annex TestBook -pb and bin/annex TestBook -pc
 * - Note: - To integrate the images of the root of the book check that the address of the book is present inAdd_appendix/books/TestBook/TestBook.contents.

add_appendix/annexer (VI)

 * Référence pages: Software development
 * Revision date: 04/03/2022
 * Lang: English, French
 * Download: No. See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Goelette_Cardabela/Sandbox/Add_appendix. You can copy scripts from wikibooks to files(.sh) in ~/Add_appendix/src/Add_appendix directory
 * Manual installation: yes, with add_appendix.mak
 * Traditional linux manual: ,.
 * Usage: add_appendix < Full URL of book | ? > [ -v ] [ -pb | -pc ]
 * or annexer < Full URL of book | ? > [ -v ] [ -pb | -pc ]
 * Options:
 * ? : Help
 * -v : Vervose mode
 * -pb : Search the images of the book in fench wikibooks.
 * -pc : Search images in commons
 * Example 1: project TestBook. Compare ease of execution against previous examples with annex (VO) and annex

 * 1) Open a terminal
 * 2) Enter in the executables directory (Bindir) ~/Annexer/bin or ~/Add_appendix/bin
 * 3) Éxecute  ./add_appendix https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Goelette_Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/Content
 * 4) The directory structure of the book is created, you can exécute in bin directory : ./annex TestBook -pb and ./annex TestBook -pc, and Compare the results.
 * - Note: - To integrate the images of the root of the book you can add the address of the book at the beginning of the file LivreTest.content :

 * Example 2: project Hélices de navires à déplacement
 * Bindir = directories ~/Annexer/bin or ~/Add_appendix/bin
 * Éxecute Bindir/annexer https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hélices_de_navires_à_déplacement/Sommaire
 * - Note: - If the executables files are in /usr/local/bin it is useless to specify Bindir

addapendix

 * References pages: addappendix
 * Date of revision: jj/mm/2022
 * Lang: English, French
 * Download:  --> package ubuntu in april or may 2022
 * Usage: addappendix < Full URL of compiled-book| ? > [ --v ]
 * Options:
 * ? : Help
 * --v : addappendix version
 * Example: Faire sa fleur de sel compilé

 * 1) Open a terminal
 * 2) exécute this command : addappendix https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilivres:Compilations/Faire_sa_fleur_de_sel
 * - Note: -
 * The addappendix command is in directory /usr/local/bin.
 * The working directory is ~/Add_apendix
 * After executing the previous command the book directory will be ~/Add_apendix/books/Faire_sa_fleur_de_sel

Add_appendix directories

 * structure of add_appendix directories

Manuals
Usages: 'man man1 manuel' if the manual is installed, otherwise: 'nroff -man manuel.1 | less'

 * 'nroff -man manuel.1 | col -b > manuel.txt' (Text manual to correct spelling)
 * 'nroff -man -Tps manuel.1 > manuel.ps' (Postscript or PDF)
 * 'man2html manuel.1 > manuel.html'

Général:
 * If the manual is installed it can be displayed in the declared language of the environment (echo $LANG) else in english.

man1: 26/03/2022:, ,
 * Users manuals
 * bin:, , , , header.inc, lister, télécharger, ajouter_sclt, ajouter_sclic, ajouter_sclip.inc, sclipwb.
 * sbin:, docu2html, htmlman, install_datasfiles, textman, updt-manuals, userman, users_install_annex

man3:
 * Sub routines, library functions.
 * lib: findbook, cpcleaned2bin.sh, ecfpc.sh, killalldoc.sh

man7:
 * Miscellaneous, packages, conventions, etc.
 * Makefiles: add_appedix, addapendix
 * Packages: addappendix

Lang
Directory: Add_appendix/share/resources/lang/po
 * References files in english (.pot): add_appendix.pot, add_sclic.pot, add_sclipco.pot, add_sclipwb.pot, add_sclt.pot, annexer.pot,annex.pot, en_sclic.inc.pot,en_sclipco.inc.pot, en_sclt.inc.pot, header.inc.pot, list.pot, pre-annex.pot, scli.inc.pot

Directory: Add_appendix/share/resources/lang/po/fr
 * French translation files (.po): add_sclic.po,  add_sclipco.po,  add_sclipwb.po,  add_sclt.po,  annexer.po,  annex.po,  en_sclic.inc.po,  en_sclipco.inc.po,  en_sclipwb.inc.po,  en_sclt.inc.po,  fr_FR_addappendix.po,  header.inc.po,  scli.inc.po

 * Files translated into French (.mo): addappendix.mo, add_sclic.mo, add_sclipco.mo, add_sclipwb.mo, add_sclt.mo, annexer.mo, annex.mo, en_sclic.inc.mo, en_sclipco.inc.mo, en_sclipwb.inc.mo, en_sclt.inc.mo, fr_FR_addappendix.mo, header.inc.mo, scli.inc.mo

 directories of translated files .mo
 * Directory: Add_appendix/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES, for user files translated into French, for TEXTDOMAINDIR="~/Add_appendix/share/locale" in the header of the executable files.
 * Directory: /usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES, for files translated into French, for all users for TEXTDOMAINDIR="/usr/share/locale" in headers of executables files.

Documents
In directories: Add_appendix/share/doc/Add_appendix, usr/local/share/doc/Add_apendix, /usr/share/doc/addappendix
 * Copyright
 * README

and more

title: Add appendix (experimental software)


text:
User talk:Cupidbaba

You cannot edit indefinitely due to disruptive editing. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 14:37, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cupidbaba


text: Subject:Macroeconomics

title: Subject:Macroeconomics


text: Category:Subject:Macroeconomics

title: Category:Subject:Macroeconomics


text: Category:Book:Add appendix (experimental software)


text:
User talk:41.114.96.118

Welcome, 41.114.96.118!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 15:40, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.114.96.118


text: Shelf:Actuarial credentialing

title: Shelf:Actuarial credentialing


text: Category:Shelf:Actuarial credentialing/all books


text: Category:Shelf:Actuarial credentialing

title: Category:Shelf:Actuarial credentialing


text: Shelf:Actuarial credentialing/ancestry

title: Shelf:Actuarial credentialing/ancestry


text: Subject:Actuarial credentialing

title: Subject:Actuarial credentialing


text: Category:Subject:Actuarial credentialing


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4/4. Bxf7

= Trébuchet Gambit =

4. Bxf7+?
White sacrifices a bishop to lure Black's king into the open, and then possibly checkmate or win material through Black's poor king safety. While this gambit is unsound, it can be employed in blitz games where Black may be likely to blunder. This opening is similar to the Jerome Gambit.

Theory table
'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Nxe4 4. Bxf7+'''


text:
A Textbook of Community Medicine/Medical Epidemiology

According to John M Last, Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and application of this study to the control of those health problems.

It is a scientific, systematic and data driven study of all health related states or events, not disease alone. Distribution of health related states in terms of time, place and person are studied. In other terms when and where the health related states occur and what are the characteristics of those affected. Magnitude of those health related states or events in terms of incidence and prevalence are studied. Determinants of the health related states and events include causes and risk factors of those conditions. Findings of the study is applied in controlling those health related states or events.


text:
User talk:Mwgbell

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Mwgbell!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:51, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mwgbell


text:
User talk:Michael7604

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Sk8erkid182!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
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 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:55, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michael7604


text: Category:Subject:Actuarial credentialing/all books


text: Category:Subject:Macroeconomics/all books


text: User:DEATH TO COWS

title: User:DEATH TO COWS


text:
User talk:196.190.154.248

--Xania   talk 01:29, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:196.190.154.248


text:
User:GoreyCat

Books I am currently working on

 * Algebra
 * Geometry
 * Probability
 * Vectors

title: User:GoreyCat


text:
User talk:92.236.105.228

--Xania   talk 13:35, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:92.236.105.228


text:
A-level Computing/OCR/Unit 1.3.4 Web technologies

 * HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is a markup language used to write the content of a webpage.
 * CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a markup language used to define the layout and design of a webpage.
 * Javascript is an object-oriented interpreted language used to add functionality and interactivity to a webpage.


text:
User talk:Cubdhbh

 * If you make one more edit that is remotely close to vandalism or disruption, you will be blocked indefinitely. Praxidicae (discuss • contribs) 15:05, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cubdhbh


text:
User talk:Johannnes89

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Johannnes89!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 15:29, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johannnes89


title: User:Yahoot7


text:
User talk:206.176.101.157

You cannot edit for 1 month due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 16:00, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:206.176.101.157


text:
Radiation Oncology/History

History of Radiation Oncology

 * 2022 PMID 34653717 -- "The First Human Heart Transplant and Radiation Therapy" (Randall ME, Pract Radiat Oncol. Jan-Feb 2022;12(1):16-18. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2021.09.012. Epub 2021 Oct 12.)
 * Historical narrative surrounding the first heart implant in Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 and the use of radiation in it to suppress risk of rejection. Radiation delivered using a custom 1 Curie portable cobalt unit in the operating theater using 100 rads day #2, 85 rads days #3, and then in the radiation department using 200 rads day #4, #5, and #8.

title: Radiation Oncology/History


text:
User:Jadeimar

Lenguaje, Memoria e Información

title: User:Jadeimar


text:
Talk:Ethics for IT Professionals

This book consists of material drawn from the Wikibook Information Technology and Ethics and should be folded back into that book, mostly under the header Ethics for IT Professionals although some material belongs under other headers. Ray Trygstad (discuss • contribs) 17:48, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ethics for IT Professionals


text: Template:Can't Retire

title: Template:Can't Retire


text:
User talk:2603:3007:2384:B000:F948:ED55:3206:D1D2

A page you recently created, StoryBots, has been deleted. This is Wikibooks, not Wikipedia. This site is for the creation of books. Please see Using Wikibooks for more information.--Xania   talk 02:00, 2 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:2603:8000:EB03:74A0:71E1:8346:4837:1BBA

A page you recently created, The Vegan View, has been deleted. This is Wikibooks, not Wikipedia. Please read Using Wikibooks for more information.--Xania   talk 02:02, 2 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:BrightSunMan

Welcome, BrightSunMan!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 02:07, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrightSunMan


text:
User talk:Peternile

Welcome to Wikibooks!
Thanks for creating Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4/4. Bxf7. Can you please point me to a source that calls this opening "Trébuchet Gambit"? I couldn't find this name online. —Dexxor (discuss • contribs) 11:11, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi! I don't know where that name comes from, I only know my chess tutor referred to the opening as such. I will ask him where he got that name when we meet again. Peternile (discuss • contribs) 22:06, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peternile


text:
User talk:193.219.130.166

You cannot edit for 3 months due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 12:15, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:193.219.130.166


text:
IB Physics/Mechanics (2016)

Mechanics is topic 2 of the IB physics syllabus and is a purely standard level (SL) topic, without higher level (HL) extensions. According to the IBO Physics subject briefing, mechanics has 22 hours of recommended teaching hours, making it the topic with the largest workload. Topic 2, mechanics consists of four subcategories :

2.1 - Motion

2.2 - Forces

2.3 - Work, energy and power

2.4 - Momentum

title: IB Physics/Mechanics (2016)


text:
User:GoreyCat/Sandbox

=Specific Books=

User:GoreyCat/GeometrySandbox

=Book Covers=

ARITHMETIC ALGEBRA GEOMETRY CALCULUS PROBABILITY

=Algebra/Contributing=

Notes on contributing to the Calculus textbook. This is the Local manuals of style for the Calculus textbook.

Note to new contributors
The guidelines given below are intended to keep the organization and style of the book consistent, to reduce the need to rework edits, and to communicate best practices. It is not intended to be a barrier to contributions by would-be contributors. If you have something to contribute but don't have time to read up on all the guidelines given below, go ahead and make your contribution. Other experienced contributors can touch up your edits afterwards so that they conform to the guidelines.

Structure
The structure currently being implemented is as follows:
 * The book is divided into chapters and sections, with related sections grouped into supersections (e.g. Integration Techniques within the Integration chapter). These sections are listed on the main page.
 * Each section is assigned a section number.
 * "==" should be the highest level header used in any section. "=" is reserved for major divisions within the print version of the book.
 * Each page including exercises links to a corresponding page of solutions.
 * Pages of solutions are organized based on their corresponding page of exercises (exercises set one has a corresponding set one of solutions, etc.).

Conventions

 * Use templates to separate chapters and sections in the print version.
 * Section titles should use title casing while sub-section headers should use sentence casing. Named theorems should be capitalized (e.g. Mean Value Theorem).
 * All content pages and section pages should include the template at the top and bottom of the page. This template links to the previous and next section or content page. The order of pages defined by the links in the  template should agree with all tables of contents.
 * All content pages and section pages should include just below the bottom  template.
 * Whenever you want to refer to a section by its section number, use . Then any changes in the ordering of sections can be done easily by changing the  template.
 * Exercises are sequentially numbered within each section.
 * Solutions should be complete and logical. Particularly important steps should be noted and described in words as well as being shown symbolically. Naming Convention: Calculus/[Section-Name]/Solutions (ex. Calculus/Differentiation/Solutions)
 * Give each figure a figure number. Figure numbering restarts with each new section.
 * Use and  for inline math text that shouldn't be broken up across lines.
 * Link figure references in the text to the figure's file using Figure k.
 * Use "\left(" and "\right)" for parenthesis, "\left|" and "\right|" for absolute values, etc. This makes the LaTeX render better in many cases.
 * Use an invisible delimiter (i.e. "\.") with "\|_a^b" for evaluating the antiderivative of an definite integral. The invisible delimiter causes the size of the vertical bar to be sized according to the size of the expression being evaluated.
 * Use question-answer templates for exercises like this:
 * The noprint template prevents the answer from appearing with the exercise in the print version.
 * The noprint template prevents the answer from appearing with the exercise in the print version.

 * Solutions (as opposed to answers) go on the solutions page like this:
 * Bold the answer using either Answer or $$\mathbf{Answer}$$ so that people using the print version can quickly find the answer.
 * Bold the answer using either Answer or $$\mathbf{Answer}$$ so that people using the print version can quickly find the answer.

 * Prefer \frac{a}{b} to {a\over b}. Using consistent markup reduces the need to do multiple searches on different search terms if looking for a particular fraction.
 * Use a single space between sentences unless there is a specific reason to do otherwise. Extra whitespace is ignored anyway, so adding extra whitespace only adds to the size of the page without changing its appearance. If you need to add extra whitespace for layout, use "&nbsp;" (the html code for a space) within text or "\,", "\quad", or "\qquad" within tags for small, medium, and large spaces, respectively.

Templates
See /Templates for a list of all Calculus textbook templates.

produces this navigation box:

All Calculus content pages should include this at the top of the page and at the bottom just above the   template.

produces this navigation box:

All Calculus content pages should include this at the bottom of the page. This also adds the page to |the book category.

returns the section number for the Algebra section, i.e. . Use this template when you want to refer to a section by its section number. If you re-order the sections, edit the template to reflect the new ordering. That way all references in the book will be updated to return the correct section number.

produces a box for important text:

Use this to introduce significant new definitions and concepts. See Calculus/Limits, where the informal definition of a limit is inside such a box.

produces a stub notice, signifying that the given page or section is too short.

On inclusiveness vs. exclusiveness
An Extensions section is included for further topics. Any study beyond fairly basic calculus should be in this section. We should aim to include more than is necessary and ensure that our readers are aware of this. The book should be structured so that J. Random Student can find a rigorous course in the essentials of calculus but also include further study of the topic that readers can pick and choose topics from, as their interests warrant.

TODO

 * ADD MORE, ORGANIZE MORE.
 * Provide a more in-depth Precalculus section.
 * Create problem sets (preferably original, rigorous and realistic).
 * Create answer sets.

title: User:GoreyCat/Sandbox


text:
User talk:EFDJFGTHGFBVGTHG

You cannot edit indefinitely due to disruptive editing. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 02:12, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:EFDJFGTHGFBVGTHG


text:
User talk:Chris wahlen

Welcome, Chris wahlen!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 15:06, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chris wahlen


text:
Annotated King Reference Manual/Bodies

This page is work in progress.

Exemples
-

Syntax
body ::= proper_body | body_stub proper_body ::=  subprogram_body | module_body | active_task_body | passive_task_body body_stub ::= subprogram_body_stub | module_body_stub | active_task_body_stub | passive_task_body_stub

Rationale
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Discussions
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Syntax
subprogram_body ::= subprogram_specification body is declarative_part designator : begin sequence_of_statements designator : when identifier => sequence_of_statements designator : end procedure | function; designator ::= [parent_unit_name . ] identifier | operator_symbol

Rationale
-

Discussions
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Syntax
module_body ::= defining_program_unit_name : module body is declarative_part defining_program_unit_name : begin sequence_of_statements defining_program_unit_name : when identifier => sequence_of_statements defining_program_unit_name : end module;

Rationale
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Discussions
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Syntax
active_task_body ::= defining_identifier : task body is declarative_part task_identifier : begin sequence_of_statements task_identifier : when identifier => sequence_of_statements task_identifier : end task;

Rationale
-

Discussions
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Syntax
passive_task_body ::= defining_identifier : task body is {basic_declaration} barrier_body {{basic_declaration} barrier_body} task_identifier : end task; barrier_body ::= barrier_subprogram_body | barrier_statement_procedure_declaration | barrier_declare_statement_procedure_declaration | barrier_expression_function_declaration barrier_subprogram_body ::= subprogram_specification when condition body is declarative_part designator : begin sequence_of_statements designator : when identifier => sequence_of_statements designator : end procedure | function; barrier_statement_procedure_declaration ::= procedure_specification [aspect_specification] when condition is (simple_statement); barrier_declare_statement_procedure_declaration ::= procedure_specification [aspect_specification] when condition is (declare declare_declaration {declare_declaration}              begin simple_statement); barrier_expression_function_declaration ::= function_specification [aspect_specification] when condition is (expression);

Rationale
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Discussions
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Examples
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Syntax
subprogram_body_stub ::= subprogram_specification body is separate; module_body_stub ::=  defining_identifier : module body is separate; active_task_body_stub ::= defining_identifier : task body is separate; passive_task_body_stub ::= active_task_body_stub

Rationale
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Discussions
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title: Annotated King Reference Manual/Bodies


text:
Cookbook:Spatchcocking

Spatchcocking is a technique where a whole bird is split almost in two, leaving the sternum but removing the spine. It is a type of butterflying, which flattens the entire bird out. This type of preparation is often used for grilling.

title: Cookbook:Spatchcocking


text:
User talk:Dean.E.Peterson

Welcome, Dean.E.Peterson!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 02:44, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dean.E.Peterson


text:
Talk:Measure Theory/Riesz' representation theorem

Unclear for me in step 2.

The proof says: «By definition $$ \Lambda g\geq \mu (K)$$». For me, that is not clear. The definition of $$\mu(K)$$ is the inf of $$\mu(V)$$ where $$V$$ is open with $$K\subset V$$ while, for each of these open sets, the definition of $$\mu(V)$$ is a supremum of $$\Lambda f$$.

Thus for each $$\alpha$$ I can say $$\mu(V_{\alpha})\geq \Lambda g$$ and $$\mu(K)\leq \mu(V_{\alpha})$$. But this is not sufficient.

Is there a continuity hypothesis on $$\Lambda$$ ?

> I found an answer here: https://4dspace.mtts.org.in/expository-article-download.php?ai=160 > It may be useful to add that as a link in the proof.

 * Yes please do that. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:54, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Well... I re-read the proposed proof, and it seems to me that some steps are missing even in the source I mentioned. I wrote a proof here : https://laurent.claessens-donadello.eu/pdf/giulietta.pdf (search for "THOooTWZWooHqGDAx" in the section about Haar measure). I don't know if I can add that document in the sources because 1. that's autopromotion 2. I have no secondary sources for the gap I fill.
 * I don't think that is likely to be a problem as long as you are sure it is correct. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 10:25, 11 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 2

Technology
The Retroid Pocket 2 shipped with Android 6.0 as an operating system.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 2+

Technology
The Retroid Pocket 2+ shipped with Android 9 as an operating system. The version of Android for the console was called "Retroid OS".


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Fly Pentop Computer

Legacy
Metro news listed the Fly Pentop Computer as a top Christmas toy in 2006.

Compute
The pen had 64 megabytes of "memory", which could be doubled to 128 megabytes through an 64 megabyte upgrade.

Interface
Games were interfaced with through making gestures with the pen.


text:
User talk:Liuxinyu970226

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Liuxinyu970226!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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 * You can restore a previously saved version.
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 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
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Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 09:22, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Liuxinyu970226