text:
AP Biology/Patterns of Inheritance

In this unit we are going to discuss Patterns of Inheritance.

Punnett square

Understanding how the punnett square is used and how to use it will elevate your understanding of inheritance. It was invented by Reginald Punnett, one of the first geneticists. Biologists use this tool to predict the genotype of an offspring.

(insert picture)

There are two different types of alleles: dominant and recessive. Before we go any further, it is important to understand the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous refers two a pair of alleles being the same, and heterozygous refers to a pair of alleles being different. For example, BB (two dominant alleles) could be described as Homozygous dominant. Bb, however, would be described as heterozygous dominant, or even heterozygous recessive. A homozygote is an organism the same alleles for a trait, and a heterozygote is an organism with different alleles for a trait.

If an individual's mother and father both had homozygous dominant alleles for a particular trait, then there is a hundred percent chance that they themselves will have homozygous dominant alleles for that trait, thereby making them a homozygote. Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment

Mendel's law of segregation means that each parent only contributes one allele to their offspring, and that their offspring possess two alleles.

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states the inheritance of one pair of factors (genes/traits/alleles) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair. We know this is true for genes or alleles on the same chromosome.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: AP Biology/Patterns of Inheritance


text:
Annotated King Reference Manual/Expressions

This page is work in progress.

Examples
-

Syntax
name ::= direct_name | indexed_component    | slice | selected_component   | attribute_reference | type_conversion       | function_call | character_literal     | qualified_expression direct_name ::= identifier | operator_symbol prefix ::= name

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
indexed_component ::= sequence_component | map_component sequence_component ::= prefix [expression] map_component ::= prefix (expression)

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
slice ::= prefix [discrete_range] discrete_range ::= discrete_subtype_indication | range_specification

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
selected_component ::= prefix . selector_name selector_name ::= identifier | character_literal | operator_symbol

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
attribute_reference ::= prefix 'attribute_designator attribute_designator ::= identifier [actual_parameter_part] | delta | digits range_attribute_reference ::= prefix 'range_attribute_designator range_attribute_designator ::= range

Rationale
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Discussion
Attribute functions can have multiple arguments, which need not be static. Consider 'Image for numeric types, with such parameters as Width, Base, ...

-> I was wondering also about Ada. I guess that attribute functions are deferencing just by the identifier as a function name and then the function signature applies. (PP)

It should probably be

identifier [actual_parameter_part]

Changed. (PP)

Examples
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Syntax
aggregate ::= record_aggregate | map_aggregate | sequence_aggregate | set_aggregate

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
record_aggregate ::= record_subtype_mark '(record_component_association_list) record_component_association_list ::= record_component_association {, record_component_association} | null record_component_association ::= component_choice_list => expression | component_choice_list => <> component_choice_list ::= component_selector_name {| component_selector_name} | others

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
map_aggregate ::= map_subtype_mark '(null_map_aggregate | named_map_aggregate) null_map_aggregate ::= null named_map_aggregate ::= map_element_association_list map_element_association_list ::= map_element_association {, map_element_association} map_element_association ::= key_choice_list => expression | key_choice_list => <> | iterated_element_association key_choice_list ::= key_choice {| key_choice} key_choice ::= key_expression | discrete_range iterated_element_association ::= for loop_parameter_specification[ use key_expression] => expression | for iterator_specification[ use key_expression] => expression

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
sequence_aggregate ::= sequence_subtype_mark '[ positional_sequence_aggregate [named_sequence_aggregate] | null_sequence_aggregate | named_sequence_aggregate ] positional_sequence_aggregate ::= expression {, expression} null_sequence_aggregate ::= null named_sequence_aggregate ::= sequence_component_association_list sequence_component_association_list ::= sequence_component_association {, sequence_component_association} sequence_component_association ::= discrete_choice_list => expression | discrete_choice_list => <>

Rationale
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Discussion
others is only allowed for bounded sequences. I don't recall if it is part of discrete choice list, but it should be allowed in named associations for bounded sequences.

-> I can't figure out how to define a bounded sequence. Any example? (PP)

I've decided to eliminate bounded sequences

Aggregates of a single value are allowedː S'[7]

named_sequence_aggregate seems to have 2 choices that are the same (JC)

Changed. (PP)

Examples
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Syntax
set_aggregate ::= set_subtype_mark '{ positional_set_aggregate | null_set_aggregate | all_set_aggregate } positional_set_aggregate ::= expression {, expression} null_set_aggregate ::= null all_set_aggregate ::= all

Rationale
all is only allowed if the universe type is discrete and finite.

Discussion
Actually, others makes no sense for set aggregates. Sorry

Aggregates with a single value are allowedː S'̪7ˈ(JC)

Changed. (PP)

Examples
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Syntax
expression ::= relation {and relation} | relation {and then relation} | relation {or relation}  | relation {or else relation} | relation {xor relation} choice_expression ::= choice_relation {and choice_relation} | choice_relation {or choice_relation} | choice_relation {xor choice_relation} | choice_relation {and then choice_relation} | choice_relation {or else choice_relation} choice_relation ::= simple_expression [relational_operator simple_expression] relation ::= simple_expression [relational_operator simple_expression] | tested_simple_expression [not] in membership_choice_list membership_choice_list ::= membership_choice {| membership_choice} membership_choice ::= choice_simple_expression | range | subtype_mark simple_expression ::= term {binary_adding_operator term} term ::= factor {multiplying_operator factor} factor ::= [unary_adding_operator] primary [^ [unary_adding_operator] primary] | not primary | \ primary primary ::= numeric_literal | null | string_literal | aggregate | name | (expression) | (conditional_expression) | (quantified_expression) | (declare_expression)

Rationale
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Discussion
Remember that King allows a unary operator to follow a binary operator without parenthesesː 10.0 ^ -9. I don't think these rules allow that.

-> Changed. (PP)

Seems that A * -B is still not OK (JC)

Decomposition:

factor multiplying_operator factor

factor -> primary -> A

multiplying_operator -> *

factor -> unary_adding_operator primary -> -B

Is it correct? (PP)

Examples
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Syntax
logical_operator ::= and | or | xor relational_operator ::= = | /= | < | <= | > | >= binary_adding_operator ::= + | - | & unary_adding_operator ::= + | - multiplying_operator ::= * | / | mod | rem exponentiation_operator ::= ^ highest_precedence_operator ::= ^ | not | \ | unary_adding_operator

Rationale
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Discussion
Unary operators, including not, have the highest precedence, to allow unary operators to follow binary operators without parentheses. Don't forget the "\" unary operator.

-> Changed. (PP)

All unary operators have highest precedence. You need something like

binary_adding_operator

multiplying_operator

exponentiation_operator ::= ^

highest_precedence_operator

with all the unary operators part of highest_precedence_operator (JC)

Examples
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Syntax
conditional_expression ::= if_expression | case_expression if_expression ::= if condition then dependent_expression {else_if condition then dependent_expression} else dependent_expression condition ::= boolean_expression case_expression ::= case selecting_expression is case_expression_alternative {, case_expression_alternative} case_expression_alternative ::= when discrete_choice_list => dependent_expression

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
quantified_expression ::= for quantifier loop_parameter_specification => predicate | for quantifier iterator_specification => predicate quantifier ::= all | some predicate ::= boolean_expression

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
declare_expression ::= declare declare_declaration {declare_declaration} begin body_expression

Rationale
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Discussion
The declarations of a declare expression are limited to constants and subtypes. You dealt with this already elsewhere IIRC.

Note added. (PP)

Does not include subtypes (JC)

Changed. (PP)

Examples
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Syntax
type_conversion ::= subtype_mark (expression)

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
qualified_expression ::= subtype_mark '(expression)

Rationale
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Discussion
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Examples
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Syntax
function_call ::= function_name | function_prefix actual_parameter_part

Rationale
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Discussion
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text:
User talk:Themusicresearcher722

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title: User talk:Themusicresearcher722


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User talk:Mmitchell23

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title: User talk:Mmitchell23


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User talk:Pascal Pignard

= Welcome! ==

Welcome to Wikibooks, Pascal Pignard!

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title: User talk:Pascal Pignard


text:
User talk:2604:CB00:1A34:DA00:C12B:5AEC:2CB7:B27

--Xania   talk 04:15, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Blocked
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User:Potatoes and planes/About

Welcome to my about page! I'm an occasional Wiki person, but I am not a Be Bold kind of person. I'm honestly really new to any of the wiki editing/collaborating type of stuff. If you see me screw up or ask a weird question, I'm sorry.

title: User:Potatoes and planes/About


text:
User:Potatoes and planes/sandbox

This is my sandbox. Yay sand.

title: User:Potatoes and planes/sandbox


text:
Talk:Shelf:Pediatrics

Being a pediatrician is not about the money or title it's about helping little ones who are in need💜💜

title: Talk:Shelf:Pediatrics


text:
Talk:Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Recursion

WRT The yield box: I think that that's the first time we see yield. Also, I'm not savvy with Python syntax so I don't particularly know what's happening on that code immediately following it. Since I have programming experience in a different language (I wouldn't say I'm good, but I can get things to work most of the time) and this is confusing, I might suggest going through the lines and explaining. Also, it might be beneficial to have a bit of a "how to read documentation" portion for if people get syntax errors or something like that?

Potatoes and planes (discuss • contribs) 08:40, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Generators are an advanced Python topic, which I believe warrant their own section. The example here ought to be removed., especially because it is not a good example of "practical" recursion. EvidentSmockGesture (discuss • contribs) 08:41, 23 April 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:Potatoes and planes

Welcome to the potatoes and planes podcast. I'm kidding.

I don't put my name out on the internet, so I can be referred to as potato.

I like transportation safety a lot.

That's all you really need to know about me.

title: User:Potatoes and planes


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User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:1965:413B:59EE:6257

Do not remove Deletion tags from pages as you did recently at The Lingo Show/Words. This page will be deleted very soon. I have explained multiple times that the page does not meet the criteria for inclusion on Wikibooks. Please urgently make improvements to the structure of the book by looking at other books on the project and reading more about the project at Using Wikibooks.--Xania   talk 14:36, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Recent edits
A page you have edited, The Lingo Show/Words, has been deleted. It was queried as not suitable for Wikibooks on the day it was created, 10 days ago. It is not suitable for Wikibooks because it appears to be nothing more than a list of words with no educational value. It was also not formatted as a book. Numerous attempts were made to suggest to the editors of the page that improvements should be made but editors continued to add more words to the long lists. The page has now been deleted. If you wish to contribute more please look at existing books on the project to see what typical Wikibooks books look like and also look at Using Wikibooks. --Xania   talk 11:13, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:Nucleus hydro elemon

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title: User talk:Nucleus hydro elemon


text: ID Board Review/Abbreviations

title: ID Board Review/Abbreviations


text:
User:BeardMD/sandbox/User:BeardMD/sandbox

Practice Title Page


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User:BeardMD/sandbox/User:BeardMD/sandbox/Chapter

Practice Chapter


text:
Cookbook:Chicken à la King

Ingredients

 * 2 boneless, skinless chicken breasts, cubed
 * 1 tablespoon olive oil
 * 1 small onion, diced
 * 3½ ounces (100 g) sliced white mushrooms
 * 3½ ounces (100 g) chopped pimentos or other mild chile peppers
 * 3 tablespoons (45 g) butter
 * 2 tablespoons (20 g) all-purpose flour
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste
 * 1 cup (240 ml) milk

Procedure

 * 1) Sauté the chicken cubes, onion, mushrooms, and pimentos in the olive oil in a skillet.
 * 2) Combine the flour, salt, and pepper in a small bowl or cup.
 * 3) In a saucepan, melt the butter, stir in the flour mixture, and cook over medium heat for about a minute.
 * 4) Add the milk and stir till thickened.
 * 5) Add the chicken and vegetable mixture to the sauce; stir together and cook a few more minutes.
 * 6) Serve over biscuits or toast.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can add 1–2 cloves of finely diced garlic to the chicken and vegetable mixture; add it last, when the chicken is almost done, because garlic burns quickly.
 * You can add ½ teaspoon chicken bouillon powder to the flour instead of the salt and pepper.
 * You can serve over toasted English muffins, rice, or pasta instead of biscuits or toast.

title: Cookbook:Chicken à la King


text:
Cookbook:Carbonated Water

Carbonated water, soda water, fizzy water, sparkling water, or seltzer is water that contains bubbles of gas.

Characteristics
Commercial carbonated water is "charged" with carbon dioxide gas, which dissolves in the liquid under pressure. When the container is opened and poured, the gas bubbles out of the water and makes it fizzy. The combination of bubbles and increased acidity from the carbon dioxide causes a tingly sensation in the mouth when carbonated water is consumed.

A few different sub-types of carbonated water exist. Club soda usually has minerals and salts added to it for flavor. Sparkling mineral water may use water from a mineral spring, which naturally contains these flavor components.

Selection and storage
Carbonated water should be kept cold after opening, since the bubbles escape more quickly in warmer temperatures.

Use
Carbonated water can be drunk on its own instead of plain water, and it can also be used in various beverages. Sometimes carbonated water is used in cooking for its acidity and to help create lighter doughs and batters.

title: Cookbook:Carbonated Water


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User talk:IlttIe Caesars

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User talk:CALLIDUS AGITANDO

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text:
History of Opera/Bel Canto

Bel Canto
‘Beautiful singing ’ is how The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes the term bel canto. It goes without saying that the beauty of a certain sound is subject to the ears of the individual and what he deems as beautiful. Therefore, when the school of Italian singing started developing the term, they wanted it to be a representation of the “‘classically’ trained voice of opera and concert singers ”(Stark Introduction XX), in the Italian art of singing around the late sixteenth century for the solo virtuoso singer. The vessel that stood to represent this model of virtuosic singing was the castrato. The castrati were castrated before puberty to stop the development of the larynx, which results in having shorter vocal cords than an uncastrated male–yielding a wider range and higher notes in singing. When this advantage is added with the naturally wide lungs of the male, a virtuosic singer can be developed. Thus, the way towards developing the epitome of bel canto is paved. The characteristics that are required to represent this epitome are: legato in singing musical phrases, light tone in the higher range, and agility in delivering a richly sustained timbre between the ranges. The aim of this essay is to continue the tradition of sculpting the ambiguous body of the term bel canto and to give it a more rounded appeal in understanding its techniques and shedding more light on the history of the golden age of singing.

Laryngology
In order for the phenomenon of singing to reach its golden age, it went through a journey of studying the larynx and how it is the essential part in producing sound. Aelius Galenus of Pergamon (130-200 A.D.) is considered to be one of the pioneering anatomist who contributed tremendously into the study of laryngology with his theory on phonation: “in order, however, that the animal may emit voice it requires, no doubt, the motion of the breath, but nonetheless the narrowing of the channel in the larynx; not a simple narrowing, but one which can by degrees be constricted and by degrees be relaxed. Such is what the body we are dealing with effects accurately, and hence I call it the glottis or tongue of the larynx ”(Holmes 49). Quite a strong theory that remained relevant for more than a millennium after its publication. Many tried to defy it but to no avail until the 18th century. Antoine Ferrein (1693-1769) who was a professor of anatomy at the Jardin Du Roi marks a revelatorial point in the study of the larynx with his acoustic experiments. He was the first to produce a clearer understanding on the nature of larynx and its role in the phonation of sound. With his acoustic experiments he concluded three points from his investigations. “First, that in order to phonate the lips of the glottis had to come together”; this speaks back to the theory on phonation by Galenus when he describes how the emission of sound is achieved by narrowing the channels of the larynx; “second, that vibration of the lips was the essential factor since by touching them the sound stopped”; this adds to Galenus theory when he theorizes that constriction between the channels of the larynx can be achieved by narrowing the distance to no vibration; “third, that difference in tension of the edges of the glottis caused the changes in the pitch ”(Duey 17). His investigation on the physiology of the larynx made him the anatomist who discovered greater knowledge on the study of phonation than those who preceded him.

The role of the performer before the 16th century
The role of the performer has been through two stages from the beginning of the first millennium to the middle of the second one. The first stage is of being of utter importance to the performance of the song and the second is in being the least important role in the production of singing. Opinions on the role of music and the performer were in fluctuation amongst the intellects when it came to its significance. Attention towards virtuosity can be traced back to the days of Aristotle. He paid attention to how the different organs in our body play a role in creating voice. He says: “the greatest difference in sound is produced by the blows of the air and the shapes assumed by the mouth ”(Aristotle 800a). Here he indicates how the interaction between the air and the movement of the mouth have a significant role in shaping sounds. Great attention is given to the mechanics of voice production. Another example of criticism on virtuosity is Quintillan, Plutarch. He emphasizes on the importance of vocal training as he says: “the good qualities of the voice, like everything else, are improved by training and impaired by neglect ”(Quintilian 19). As Christinaity started developing and expanding, music became a powerful tool in spreading the religion. Therefore, musicians and composers started appearing more and more to integrate music into religious services. However, John of Salisbury (1115-1180) expresses his opinion on music as it “defiles the service of religion ”(Lang 140). He sees it as a tool that desecrates the piety of the congregation in the church. Around the 12th century, singers were accused of malpractice of music. Nonetheless, composers continued developing their monodic melodies into polyphonic melodies in the 14th and 15th centuries. The application of polyphonic melodies in congregations moved choral singing into higher grounds. As performers gained a concrete role in music production, the castrati were to root them as a fundamental part in the development of music as the 16th century turned.

Castrati
Castration has its roots in ancient civilizations for other purposes than singing, but it would be pertinent to note how it came into the art of singing. The main purpose of castration in the realm of singing was to maintain the high voice in male sopranos. Their crucial impact on music started appearing in the “Sistine Chapel by 1562 in its public performances ”(Duey 49). After that, the members of the Sistine Chapel started including more castrati in their services after they observed their phenomenal capacity and started training them as sopranists from 1609 (Duey 49). Their presence in the Italian church choirs was quite essential until the end of the 19th century. Another place where bel canto reached its golden age is on the stage of the opera. Singing opera required agility singing, high range, and dramatic expressions in singing. Castrati already acquired these skills; therefore, the opera “was not laggard in realizing that the extraordinary vocal gifts of these “unnatural” ones were made to order for its essential baroque characteristics ”(Duey 49). They earned the position of the leading role in almost every opera and one of the greatest examples is Girolamo Crescentini(1762-1846) in playing Romeo in Romeo et Juliette in 1804 in Vienna. Emperor Napoleon was amongst the audience and his performance was so effective on him that “Napoleon gave way to tears and not knowing how to express his pleasure the Emperor sent to him the decoration of the order of the cross of iron, rank of chevalier .”(Fétis 390).

During their professional years, they were highly praised, and criticized for their abnormality. Charles de Brosses critiques their appearance as they “grew to be big and fat like capons, with hips, buttocks, arms, breast, and neck round and plump like women ”(Brosses 239). It is undeniable that their appearance was leaning more towards the female side rather than the male side. They appeared with fair skin, thick hair, tall, more rounded in the chest area, and one of their extraordinary features is that they sounded like children when they spoke, even though they had semi-gigantic bodies. Nonetheless, they are also praised for their unique vocal gifts. Manuel Garcia, one of the most popular voice teachers throughout the 19th century, praises them in Hints on Singing when he says: “let it suffice, to mention, as one of the most important, the disappearance of the race of great singers who, besides originating this art, carried it to its highest point of excellence ”(Garcia Preface VI).

characteristics of bel canto
With the castrati being the singers who brought bel canto to its golden age from mid seventeenth century to the eighteenth, comes its florid techniques. Since their chests acquired abnormal dimensions due to castration, they were able to produce their popular technique: messa di voce. It consists of swelling the tone by beginning the passage quietly and then swelling the note to full volume and bringing it back to quietness by diminishing the volume (i.e., crescendo and diminuendo). In the days of the castrati, it was used as an ornament to the passage but then as a pedagogic tool in vocal pedagogy in the eighteenth century (Harris). Bel canto would not be named the florid art of singing without bravura. Bravura is “the element of brilliant display in vocal or instrumental music that tests the performer’s skill ”(Jander). The term bravura came to be known from the aria di bravura by Handel. It requires the singer to sing vocal passages floridly, energetically, and richly all at once. Expressing heroic emotions through the high and middle range. It can be said that singing bravura passages encompasses a strong example of bel canto characteristics in motion. Another characteristic of bel canto that was developed by the castrati in the eighteenth century is legato. Legato is the singing “of successive notes in performance, connected without any intervening silence of articulation ”(Chew). It beautifies the vocal passage for it sustains the timbre throughout singing, and with this delicate flow of vowels, it produces a pleasing sound to the ear. Also, with its lack of intervals of silences between the vowels, the emotion that the singer is trying to project comes out uninterrupted and smoothly attainable by the ear of the listener. In order to sustain the timbre throughout the legato, the singer imbues the vocal passage with the chiaroscuro quality to enrich the vowels with resonance. Chiaroscuro is “the result of laryngeal source and the resonating system interacting in such a way as to present a spectrum of harmonics perceived by the listener as a resonant balanced vocal quality ”(Emanski). In order to have a clearer perspective on the audible quality of chiaroscuro in singing, it would be useful to study its effect in painting. The Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio is an excellent example of its application. The background of the painting is mostly dark, except for the shockingly intruding of the light from the window. As the light travels through the room, it shapes the limbs and facial expressions of the men in the painting. The shaping of the light of the figures is rounded to completion by the presence of the darkness. Similarly, in singing, the singer shapes the sound of the light tones while also rounding them with richness. An example of its application in singing is Maria Callas’s coloratura of Dinorah, Act II: Ombra leggera(The Shadow Song), 1995 by Meyerbeer. She sings the verse with a fully rich voice, delivering resonant chiaroscuro quality. However, when she starts singing the chorus(Ah, va ben…) she subtly splits her voice into two distinctive sounds. The first voice is light-dark in quality in comparison with the second one, which is only light. The two sounds respond to each other throughout the chorus. The first sounds supported, whereas the second one is suspended and lacks ground to stand upon. She ornaments this part of the song to express the dialogue between Dinorah and the shadow that she finds in the woods. The light-dark part in the chorus is the physical and spiritual body of Dinora, and the light part is the shadow’s body–suspended and unmaterialistic. Ginger Dellenbaugh, a music historian, praises the skills of Callas when she says: “Callas exceeds most singers with her particularly intuitive production of sound, and awareness of her own timbre and vocal space. In this recording, she makes use of the dark, “covered” aspect of her middle range, accentuating its already hollow quality by vocalizing her initial runs and flourishes on an “a” vowel in a way that is focused vertically in the middle of the mouth .” ( Dellenbaugh 106-107).

In summation, after its emergence in the late sixteenth century to its development in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, bel canto became the epitome of singing. Though the castrati were criticized for their abnormality, they nonetheless, played a chief role in raising it to its excellent point in the art of beautiful singing. With its florid techniques, it paved the way for singers to express the emotions of their characters more vividly and energetically. After all, its emergence, development, and presence till this day is fueled with the desire to express and ring the soul of humanity through song.

title: History of Opera/Bel Canto


text:
User talk:Bluxenberg

Welcome, Bluxenberg!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 04:46, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bluxenberg


text: ID Board Review/HIV

title: ID Board Review/HIV


text:
User talk:Awinbush5

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title: User talk:Awinbush5


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User talk:ZoeKMcCormick

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title: User talk:ZoeKMcCormick


text:
User talk:Musiclover857

Welcome!
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title: User talk:Musiclover857


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex/Mycobacterium tuberculosis


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:C8ED:7C70:2988:15D9

A page you have edited, The Lingo Show/Words, has been deleted. It was queried as not suitable for Wikibooks on the day it was created, 10 days ago. It is not suitable for Wikibooks because it appears to be nothing more than a list of words with no educational value. It was also not formatted as a book. Numerous attempts were made to suggest to the editors of the page that improvements should be made but editors continued to add more words to the long lists. The page has now been deleted. If you wish to contribute more please look at existing books on the project to see what typical Wikibooks books look like and also look at Using Wikibooks. --Xania   talk 11:13, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

Blocked
You cannot edit for 3 days due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

STOP creating pages which have been deleted.

--Xania   talk 14:46, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:F483:8329:714A:CF68

A page you have edited, The Lingo Show/Words, has been deleted. It was queried as not suitable for Wikibooks on the day it was created, 10 days ago. It is not suitable for Wikibooks because it appears to be nothing more than a list of words with no educational value. It was also not formatted as a book. Numerous attempts were made to suggest to the editors of the page that improvements should be made but editors continued to add more words to the long lists. The page has now been deleted. If you wish to contribute more please look at existing books on the project to see what typical Wikibooks books look like and also look at Using Wikibooks. --Xania   talk 11:15, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:81E5:ECA8:F198:C448

A page you have edited, The Lingo Show/Words, has been deleted. It was queried as not suitable for Wikibooks on the day it was created, 10 days ago. It is not suitable for Wikibooks because it appears to be nothing more than a list of words with no educational value. It was also not formatted as a book. Numerous attempts were made to suggest to the editors of the page that improvements should be made but editors continued to add more words to the long lists. The page has now been deleted. If you wish to contribute more please look at existing books on the project to see what typical Wikibooks books look like and also look at Using Wikibooks. --Xania   talk 11:15, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


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User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:A064:645F:6AA0:F69A

A page you have edited, The Lingo Show/Words, has been deleted. It was queried as not suitable for Wikibooks on the day it was created, 10 days ago. It is not suitable for Wikibooks because it appears to be nothing more than a list of words with no educational value. It was also not formatted as a book. Numerous attempts were made to suggest to the editors of the page that improvements should be made but editors continued to add more words to the long lists. The page has now been deleted. If you wish to contribute more please look at existing books on the project to see what typical Wikibooks books look like and also look at Using Wikibooks. --Xania   talk 11:15, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:8.3.123.137

--Xania   talk 11:21, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:8.3.123.137


text:
Finnish Education: The Nordic Way

Introduction.
Finland is  an  outstanding  example  when  the  country  articulated  and  implemented  its  own  pathway  and  achieved  great  results  which  are  acknowledged  and glorified  by  many  prestigious  scholars  in  the  world. Finland displays  high  quality,  high  equity,  and  high  efficiency  in  basic  education. Hannele Nieme,  Pasi Salhberg, and Jouni Valijarvi, among many others from Finland, have published school reports and books that testify to this success story and bring to the table key principles, the pillars of Finnish understanding of what good education is and what it requires. Organizations such McKinsey & Company and Pearson have produced reports that illustrate the top performance and great level of efficiency of Finland and proved this country to be a strong model for school education in the 21st century.

'''Table 1. Finland’s results in different PISA measurements.''' * OECD countries/ All participant countries

**A ranking order among OECD countries (among all countries participated in PISA measurements)

In late 2001 when results from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 test were published, the world was stunned by the performance of

Finnish students. Later on, in 2003, 2006, and 2009, Finland continued to achieve very high results in the PISA tests, appearing in top lists of OECD standing on

the same level with such "Asian tigers" as South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore.

Below are the main outcomes on PISA 2018, the full version one can see here.

 * In reading literacy, the main topic of PISA 2018, 15-year-olds in Finland score 520 points compared to an average of 487 points in
 * OECD countries. Girls perform better than boys with a statistically significant difference of 52 points (OECD average: 30 points higher for girls).
 * On average, 15-year-olds score 507 points in mathematics compared to an average of 489 points in OECD countries. Girls perform better than boys with a statistically significant difference of 6 points (OECD average: 5 points higher for boys).
 * In Finland, the average performance in science of 15-year-olds is 522 points, compared to an average of 489 points in OECD countries. Girls perform better than boys with a statistically significant difference of 24 points (OECD average: 2 points higher for girls).

 * Socio-economic status explains 9% of the variance in reading performance in Finland (OECD average: 12%).

 * The average difference between advantaged and disadvantaged students in reading is 79 points, compared to an average of 89 in OECD countries. However, 13% of disadvantaged students are academically resilient (OECD average: 11%).

Interestingly, while Finland sometimes even managed to surpass the abovementioned countries, it appears to happen with little student effort (with almost no homework and average time spent at school), only moderate expenditures, and one less year of formal schooling (a well-known scheme of 9-year basic education). And here is the detail I find most fascinating, as many European countries will probably share other features such as being attractive, well organized, very tidy, technologically  equipped,  having  fancy  labs  and  knowledgeable  teachers. Asian  countries  will  demonstrated  unparalleled  students'  commitment  to  academic success and unquestionable supremacy of teachers' authority. Finland successfully implemented SDG 4 in its core curriculum and proved to be a country with the great level of equity (only 9% of the variances is connected to socio-economic status of the family and more disadvantaged students are academically resilient (13%). In other words, Finland created a miracle combining best practices and aligning their educational system with Global sustainable goals, and the following chapters are aimed at illustrating historical milestones for Finland and unique spirit of Nordic way of everything including best practices in education.

100 years of Finnish education
Finland was not exactly a very poor country a century ago, although history kept the records of severe poverty crises during the 17th century and three historic famines in the 1690s, 1830s, and 1860s.

Finland has not always been egalitarian, nor has it been the welfare society the world knows today. In the centuries and decades prior to its independence in 1917, society was divided. On one side, there were elitist Swedish families and high society Finnish families close to the circles of those governing the country, some of whom were Swedish and others were Russian. And, on the other side, there were rural families dealing with harsh blows caused by corruption and poverty.

Until recently Finland has been considered as an agrarian country that stepped on the path of industrialization fairly late compared to other European countries. Due to foreign loans Finland managed to accelerated its development and unlike other  countries  with  "late  industrialization"  Finland  managed  to  escape  recolonization  and  control  from  developed economic giants. The importance of education as a factor ensuring the nation's success was realized in the middle of the 19th century. This was linked to the powerful awakening of the national awareness: the nation needed the enlightened citizens and a literary culture. That marked the emergence of primary schools to provide each child with general elementary education. A large number of primary schools were established across Finland, the law on compulsory education was enacted in 1921. It obliges all pupils to complete at least six grades in primary schools. The first national curriculum was established in 1925. There had been secondary schools and lyceums in Finland before (ca. 1800), but the number soared after Second World War. The country was aimed at equality and the whole educational system was under rigid control of the government: the curriculum, welfare standards, catering and etc.

From Control to Equity: Comprehensive Schools and Modern System
The  1970s  saw  a  transformation  of  the  education  system,  when  the  system  of  primary  and  secondary  education  was replaced by the comprehensive school system. It consisted of nine years of basic education provided by the state, adding three  years  of  compulsory  education. Now,  the  objective  of  the  school  reform  was  to  ensure  equity:  equal,  free  basic education for all children regardless of where their families lived and what their families' socio-economic status was. The ambitious vision for 2025 is that Finland will be a country where everybody despite their gender, age, abilities and status wants to learn and is able to get access to learning. The knowledge and education level of the nation has increased, promoting equal opportunities and supporting the renewal of society. Current  reforms  cover  the  whole  framework  from  early  childhood  education  to  top  scientific  research. It's  worth mentioning that developing education in Finland is always collaborative, involving all relevant stakeholders.

Comprehensive School
The new national core curriculum was implemented in August 2016. The New Comprehensive school programme focuses on new pedagogy, new learning environments and the digitalization of education. The reform makes full use of teachers' skills and experiences while giving them substantial pedagogic freedom. Local solutions, creativity and experimentation rather  than  standardized  and  one-fit-all  approach  are  encouraged. All  the  established  institutions  such  as  the  National Agency for Education research and implement best practices "on the field" without letting it lost in bureaucratic  mazes  of  ministries. The  Finnish  Education  Forum  has  been  launched  to  improve  teacher  education. The  promotion  of  physical  activity  among school-aged children comprises both an increase in physical activity and a reduction in the time when pupils are siting still. In basic education, projects like Schools on the Move ensure that all pupils get at least one hour of physical activity each day. Children and young people are also invited to take part in art and cultural pursuits.

Vocational School
The reform in vocational education is one of the most extensive for many decades. Qualification is not defined by the length of curricula anymore - the main criteria are learning outcomes. The objective is to build a flexible vocational education system which responds perfectly to the needs of workplace and enhances the opportunity for lifelong learning.

Higher Education and Science
Flexible learning paths assist students in completing their degrees and combining work with studies efficiently. In future, higher education institutions in Finland will offer education throughout the year. Promoting digital learning environments and providing online teaching will also facilitate progress in studies. Novel  practices  and  approaches  are  being  implemented  to  raise  the  quality  of  higher  education  and  research,  and  develop  a  genuinely  international  higher education and research community. Mergers of higher education and research community have resulted in innovative solutions such as Aalto University and the impending Tampere New University.

Finland has a well-developed innovation system and seeks to further strengthen cooperation between higher education institutions and business life. The start-up environment contributes a lot to its success to the bustling entrepreneurship of students in higher education institutions. An example of this are the SLUSH events held around the world.

The Nordic Way: Pillars of Education Policies and "Finding Your Sisu"
Below is personal taxonomy that enlists that main pillars that made Finnish education one of the best educational systems in the world:

Equality and equity for lifelong learning
Each learner regardless of age, social and professional statute or any special needs, has an equal access to education everywhere and at any time. No standard tests

during basic education, no unjustified selection of pupils to schools. National curriculum promotes subjectivity, freedom and flexibility. Instead of

focusing on equality, that means providing all people with the same type of knowledge and skills, Finnish educational policies are based on equity, making sure

that each learner has an access to the good school and teachers, and will be taught the most appropriate set of skills and knowledge in life situation. Putting more of

focus on disadvantaged students and appreciating their academic resilience and distributing resources to meet each students' needs rather than simply allocating

funding equally.

Culture of trust
Finnish  society  is  strongly  rooted  and  based  on  trust  at  all  levels. Parents  trust  teachers  and  institutions,  teachers  are  exposed  to  the  great  level  of  pedagogic autonomy and local authorities encourage teacher to experiment and be subjective in their planning. Interesting fact: Finland has one of the lowest indicators in school change: parents try not to take their children out of the school in the middle of academic year, they believe that education is highly important and rarely change schools and move places. Thus, teachers have a better understanding of their pupils.

Performance and research-based education
It is a part of Finnish culture that good education and training must be provided for learners all ages and in all social contexts. In the Finnish nation, education played  a  determined  role  towards  a  modern  society. Gifted  with  limited  natural  resources,  education  was  and  is  still  nowadays  the  most  precious  "capital". Lifelong learning is seen as an investment in wealthy and decent living.

Quality of teachers trainers
Teaching is a prestigious profession in Finland with only a quarter of all applicants studying in eight universities in the country. Teaching personnel is highly educated and respected in the society like professionals - doctors, lawyers. A master degree is required for teachers and the qualification includes preparation in special  subjects  as  well  as  pedagogical  studies. Most  importantly,  teaching  training  aims  to  empower  teachers  with  thinking  skills  necessary  to  organize pedagogical experimentations in accordance with changing society and learning practices. Moreover, each year teachers participate in in-service trainings as part of lifelong learning according to personal needs and willingness.

Cultural "touch"
From an agrarian country to a modern and innovation-based nation, Finland has made a huge leap in its development and there is no way it could achieve it without cultural principles that lay in society. Here are some interesting facts:

 * Finnish people borrow more books from a library than other countries;

 * Finnish have one of the best mobile games in the world;

 * Finland is the best country in the world to be a mother and the most stable society with hardworking people;

Finally, Finland is a motherland of the world-famous concept Sisu which means Strength and Persistence. This idea is closely knit with everything that Finnish people do. The culture of healthy lifestyle, never giving up and staying strong no matter what have made these outstanding outcomes possible.

title: Finnish Education: The Nordic Way


text:
User:Javier Martínez del Barrio

This is my bio!

I'll use more the Spanish Wikibook web page, as I'm planning to write a book.

title: User:Javier Martínez del Barrio


text:
Talk:Information Technology and Ethics/Cloud Computing and its effects on Quality of Life

The Silver Team of the Spring 2022 ITMM 485/585 course at Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago created new content for the Information Technology and Ethics/IT Professional wiki page.

Spring 2022 Silver Team members: Endri Baci Mark Littlefield Neha Dalpe Gonzalo Vila Olaran Yaqub Farook


text:
Information Technology and Ethics/Cloud Computing and its effects on Quality of Life

Cloud Computing Defined
Cloud Technology is a revolutionary innovation in the field of Information Technology that enables the delivery of computing services via the internet. Services that looked impossible just a few years ago are now being offered with great results and efficiency. These services include but are not limited to networking, servers, storage, and databases. From an important point of view, it can be argued that it comes second only after the creation of the internet itself as its usage and benefits are endless. We are benefiting enormously from using Cloud-based services in our day-to-day life and wouldn't be able to function without it.

Cloud Computing and Services
There are four main types of cloud computing. These types are Private, Public, Hybrid, and Personal. Along with the three types, there are three primary cloud services. These are services are Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platforms-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). It is important to understand the differences between each type of cloud computing, along with their different services, to select the best fit.

Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is the type of cloud environment that is employed for use. It defines where the data is stored, such as on-site or off-site, and how users interact with the cloud environment. The four types of cloud computing are: Private, Public, Hybrid, and Personal.

Private Cloud
Private cloud computing is dedicated to a specific individual or company. This type of cloud computing in the past has been based within the individual or company's network, however, with the expansion of cloud computing, many cloud providers offer private cloud subscriptions allowing off-site private clouds.

Public Cloud
Public cloud computing is what most people think of when thinking about the cloud. The infrastructure and environments that this type of computing is made on is generally a third party, many common Public Cloud providers include Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure.

Traditionally Public Clouds are run off-site by an individual or company. The provider owns and maintains the physical infrastructure of the data center and rents out space to the customer. As one may think this can cause some legal and ethical issues.

Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud computing is a combination of cloud computing. There are many various ways of making a hybrid cloud including one private cloud and one public cloud, two or more different private clouds, two or more different public clouds, or on-premise infrastructure combined with cloud computing.

Many environments today are of the hybrid cloud type by tying together corporate or private networks with the flexibility and reliability of cloud computing.

Personal Cloud
Personal Cloud Computing also referred to as PCC, is a network-attached device primarily designed for media streaming. Users are able to benefit from cloud-based storage while also having control over their data.

More often than not, at a first glance, the price can be a bit steep; however, it could save you money in the long run due to fewer data security issues. Since these are portable services, a data breach is likely to be more limited since it is remotely managed

Cloud Services
Cloud Services are the infrastructure, platforms, or services provided by the third party to the client. These services are provided over the internet and include:

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS is a service type in which the third-party provider is responsible for the infrastructure of the network. This includes the physical servers, hard drives, and networking of the devices. The user then gets to decide on what operation systems, middleware, applications, and data are stored on the machines.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS is a service type in which the third party provides the infrastructure and the application software on the machines. The only thing the user is in control of is the exact applications that are installed and the data the applications use on the machines.

Software-as-a-Service(SaaS)
SaaS is a service type in which the third party takes care of all aspects of the machine. This means that the users can log in at any time and not have to worry about maintenance or updates as it is the responsibility of the third party.

Real Life Uses of Cloud Computing
=== Industry Related Cloud Computing === The cloud greatly favors the development of business activity in the vast majority of industries. In this section, we will explain the five main advantages that the implementation of the cloud brings to companies in their activity.

Access
The cloud enables companies to provide real-time access and the latest version of the software to those who need it. From an employee perspective, changes in the product or service can be made in a very simple way. On the other end of the spectrum, from a customer point of view, those who have internet access will receive the latest update from anywhere in the world, with any device.

Agility
One of the main advantages of the cloud in the industry is the ease with which they can scale the system. Scaling the system through the cloud is very simple since it does not require actions such as installing servers or setting up networks. From a company's point of view, being agile is very useful as it allows for faster innovation and quicker adaptation to changes made by the competition.

Cost savings
The use of the cloud in the industry allows cost savings for the company. Realizing economies of scale allows the company to reduce costs. When it comes to storage in physical format, in order to increase its capacity, the company will need more physical space (very expensive). However the cloud is very flexible, you can increase its capacity very easily (cheaper).

The cloud's ease of making changes and the time saved in making those changes is also essential in reducing costs for the company in question. The cloud lowers direct costs, benefiting from elasticity and the pay-per-use model to reduce the expense associated with those infrastructures that are now underutilized. This can reduce company costs by 20%-60%.

Efficiency
One of the main advantages of the use of the cloud by the industry is the efficiency it provides. First, companies often opt for plans that offer unlimited storage space. At the same time, all this data is processed in a very simple way, thus improving the efficiency of the process. Finally, being able to immediately access information and manage data from anywhere makes the organization more efficient.

Reliability and Security
Unlike storage in physical formats, the cloud is much safer for protecting data and files: as they are stored on remote servers, the information is secured, eliminating the risk of damage, corruption, or loss of the physical disk and with it any valuable data. Although certain unforeseen events may occur, such as attacks, cyber theft, data damage, etc., the cloud is secure, as it has mechanisms that make it virtually impossible to corrupt a file.

Storage, File Sharing and Syncing
It's now possible to expand storage, share and sync files on a device without having it stored locally on your device. The mainstream ways that this is done are through services like iCloud, OneDrive, and Google Drive.

Education
Cloud Computing has made it possible for students to follow their education fully online. During the COVID 19 pandemic, this was evident as students were forced to stay home. The education that was received did not stop but instead was totally transferred to cloud platforms. “Cloud computing has enabled students to access data anywhere and at any time. Students can enroll online and participate in online learning activities. Cloud computing has enabled institutions to use the storage cloud to store large amounts of data securely without installing a complicated and expensive infrastructure. For students in less developed countries, cloud computing technology has enabled them access to educational websites and cloud knowledge-sharing forums and communities” (Wilber, 2020).

Health
“Cloud computing technology is gaining pace in the healthcare industry. Its application includes managing and sharing patient data to reduce operational costs, such as data storage devices. In addition, patients are able to access their medical records through pervasive devices like mobile phones. This has seen the medical sector move from the traditional intranet to a quick and secure solution through cloud computing” (Willber, 2020). Cloud technology has changed the way the medical industry uses technology. Now all patient data can be recorded 24/7 and uploaded in real-time on the cloud. Cloud Computing has made it possible for medical professionals to access their patient data from every computer they have access to. Patients now can get better service during the time they are hospitalized. “The patients, who are growing accustomed to instantaneous delivery of services, get to avail the same promptness from the health sector as well. Cloud also amps up patient engagement with their own health plans by giving them access to their own healthcare data, thus resulting in improved patient outcomes” (Arkenea, 2019).

Navigation
We all remember the old fashion paper maps. Some of us are all young enough to have seen them only in movies or heard about them from our family members or friends. Paper maps were the only way back in the time to navigate from one point to another. With the advancement of technologies, maps got uploaded to the Cloud. Maps got integrated with GPS to give us pinpoint accuracy of our location. When we combine these two types of technologies we get a real-time location on maps and real-time instruction on where to turn next so we can arrive at our destination. Cloud technologies totally revolutionized the way we travel because now many services are way easier than they used to be before. Taxi services, shared drive services, trucking services, etc.

Compliance
Non-compliance with current policies and contractual requirements relating to the handled data or company operations poses a risk. The legal implication of using an external IT provider should be carefully reviewed.

Compatibility
Migration to the cloud may cause issues with an organization's existing IT infrastructure, as well as its security requirements and regulations. Pre-planning is essential in taking into account all of these factors before committing to the change.

Logical Access
Administrator access is through the Internet rather than a controlled and Restricted on-site connection. The risk of unauthorized or inadequate Privileged access, such as administrator access, increases as data is processed outside the organization, meaning that outsourced service providers can bypass control exerted over in-house programs. Access via the Internet also means more exposure and subsequently more risks. The cloud characteristic of ‘on-demand self-service’ requires a management interface that is accessible to users of the cloud service. Unauthorized access to this management interface is much higher in online cloud environments than for traditional systems where this management facility is only accessible to a few administrators.

Network Security
There is an increased risk of hacking and intrusions in cloud environments. Hacking and intrusion risks include attackers gaining access to data and applications via some kind of remote access system and web application, and injection vulnerabilities exploited by manipulating input to a service or application so that parts of the input are interpreted as executed code against the programmer’s intention (i.e. SQL and command injections, and cross-site scripting). Security threats such as man-in-the-middle attacks, authentication attacks, Side-channel attacks, social networking attacks, and denial of service (DoS) attacks pose major threats in cloud computing environments.

Data Privacy and Security
Hosting confidential data with cloud service providers involves the transfer of a considerable amount of an organization’s control over data security to the provider. Companies must comply with requirements, set by their own organization or by an industry or government body, for securing both internal and external data and applications. Cloud computing, in most instances, means that data and applications are hosted at an off-site location, outside the legal and regulatory umbrella of the organization. Compliance needs to be proved regardless of the location of data. Compliance with some laws and regulations includes(Carroll et al.,2011):

- Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS);

- Geographical restrictions applicable to the transit and storing of data;

- Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX);

- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA);

- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA);

- Auditing standards such as SAS70 and ISO


text:
User:Javier Martínez del Barrio/sandbox

Programación en Python/MainPage

Programación en Python
Al leer este libro, podrás:

 * Conocer y entender el funcionamiento de la memoria RAM.
 * Identificar las partes de un programa.
 * Aprender conceptos generales y avanzados sobre la programación en Python.
 * Programar de manera eficiente y limpia.
 * Escribir código fluentemente y aplicarlo a problemas de la vida real.
 * Optimización en tus programas Python.

title: User:Javier Martínez del Barrio/sandbox


text:
User talk:Javier Martínez del Barrio

Programación en Python has been deleted. Only English language books should be created on English Wikibooks. Thank you for your contributions.--Xania   talk 01:15, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Javier Martínez del Barrio


text:
User talk:Langejoshu

Welcome, Langejoshu!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 04:30, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Langejoshu


text:
User talk:Bryllig

Welcome, Bryllig!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 04:32, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bryllig


text:
Talk:Software Development of Biometrics

This page was made as part of the Spring 2022 ITMM 485/585 course at Illinois Institute of Technology. Our team is the Orange team and it includes: Anthony, Andrew, Kreetha, Ranu, and Saaduddin. I hope this page suffices as I believe Biometrics when looked at from the perspective of software developers is a different can of worms. Saadiit (discuss • contribs) 06:10, 25 April 2022 (UTC)Saaduddin

Creation of page
This page was made as part of the Spring 2022 ITMM 485/585 course at Illinois Institute of Technology. Our team is the Orange team and it includes: Anthony, Andrew, Kreetha, Ranu, and Saaduddin. I hope this chapter of the book suffices as I believe Biometrics, when looked at from the perspective of software developers is a different can of worms. Saadiit (discuss • contribs) 12:05, 25 April 2022 (UTC) Saaduddin

title: Talk:Software Development of Biometrics


text:
User talk:Saadiit

Welcome!
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title: User talk:Saadiit


text:
User talk:MarineRak

Welcome!
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User talk:Jakers100

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title: User talk:Jakers100


text: ID Board Review/Clostridium difficile

title: ID Board Review/Clostridium difficile


text:
User talk:80.235.219.43

--Xania   talk 13:47, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.235.219.43


text:
User talk:Yfarook 398

Welcome, Yfarook 398!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 13:48, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yfarook 398


text:
Talk:Information Technology and Ethics/IT Responsibilities

Section created by Dylan Baltrus, Tyrone Green, Joshua Lau, Nayanika Nandy, and Lev Pesin of the "Bronze Team" for the Spring 2022 ITMM 485/585 course at Illinois Institute of Technology


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex/Mycobacterium bovis


text:
Talk:OpenSCAD User Manual/3D to 2D Projection

Dead link for Clifford Wolf URL - Archiveurl
The link to Clifford Wolf's website apparently is dead. The archive link is  I apparently can't edit it - can someone who can please add it? Jimw338 (discuss • contribs) 20:59, 25 April 2022 (UTC)