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Wikibooks:Media

This policy explains our requirements for media files used on Wikibooks, which includes images, audio and video clips. Media files which do not meet these requirements may be deleted as described in the deletion policy.

Textbooks on Wikibooks are dual licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license and Wikibooks:GNU Free Documentation License so that anyone can freely use, modify and redistribute our books whether for free or for profit. Media files included in our books are usually licensed under similar terms, using a free license, or they will be in the public domain. Limited use of non-free media are also be allowed within the terms of this policy.

Freely licensed or public domain media
Freely licensed or public domain media must be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia's shared media repository. Wikimedia Commons limits the scope of files that can be uploaded. They must comply with all the following conditions.

Every file:

 * Must be a media file.
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 * 1) Previous publication. Non-free media must be taken from a work which has been published or publicly displayed outside Wikibooks by (or with permission from) the copyright holder; or a derivative of such a work created by a Wikibooks editor.
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Enforcement

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title: Wikibooks:Media


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German/Grammar/Transitive verbs

Transitive verbs
Up to now we've only covered intransitive verbs because that allowed us to concentrate on the nominative case. But most verbs in German are more complicated and need a second noun to function. In this section we'll cover verbs where the second noun is in the accusative case. Since the accusative case is difficult to demonstrate without such verbs, we're going to have to do the two together.

Terminology
In English there are three cases, subject, object, and possessive. The main difference in English in terms of word choice is with pronouns: I, me, mine; we, us, ours; he, him, his. German has four cases, but while there may be overlap between a certain English case and a certain German case, you must keep in mind that none of them is exactly the same as any of the English cases. For this reason, we're going to avoid using any of the same names for cases between the two languages. We've already introduced the nominative case, which is the case used for the subject of a sentence. This makes it similar to the subject case in English, but the nominative case has other uses in German so it's not the same.

If a verbs needs only a subject, for example "sleep" as in "I sleep," then it's called intransitive. In English, if a verbs needs a subject and one object, for example "love" in "I love you," then the verb is called transitive. But with the more complex case system in German, this simple definition would be misleading. So we're going call a German verb transitive only if it requires a subject and another noun in the accusative case. As you might guess, the thing performing the action is usually the subject and the thing being acted upon is the accusative noun. For example in Ich liebe dich, ― "I love you," ich ― "I" am loving and dich ― "you" (in the accusative case) are the one being loved. This makes the accusative case similar to the object case in English, but there are many situations where the two are used differently. It's better to just remember which case to use based on each situation than to try to draw analogies between German and English cases.

Forming the accusative case
Forming the accusative case is usually straightforward since there isn't much difference between it and the nominative. Pronouns are the exceptions to this, as in English as mentioned above. We've covered five types of words so far, but verbs and adverbs are independent of case so they don't have nominative or accusative forms. That leaves the remaining three.

The accusative pronouns
The accusative case for pronouns is summarized in the following table.

The only pronouns that pass unscathed through this transition are sie, Sie, and es. Of the rest, the -ch ending is used as often as not, and some are relatively obvious cognates with the object pronouns in English:
 * mich ― "me"
 * uns ― "us"
 * ihn ― "him"

Let's put this to work in sentences involving the transitive verb lieben ― "to love" and sehen ― "to see":
 * Ich liebe dich. ― "I love you."
 * Du liebst mich. ― "You love me."
 * Er liebt sie. ― "He loves her."
 * Sie liebt ihn. ― "She loves him."
 * Wir sehen euch. ― "We see you (plural)."
 * Ihr seht uns. ― "You (plural) see us."
 * Sie sehen ihn. ― "They see him."

In nearly every case you can tell the subject from the accusative object, so the word order can be more flexible. The subject normally goes before the verb in a statement, but as long you keep the verb in it's V2 position you can put the accusative object first, shifting emphasis to it rather than the subject. Questions using the V1 plan should have the subject right after the verb, so the word order is less flexible. For example:
 * Liebst du mich? / Nein, Naomi liebe ich. ― "Do you love me?" / "No, it's Naomi that I love."

You may recall that we've seen sehen before as an intransitive verb. This is often the case; a verb may have both a transitive meaning and an intransitive meaning. Sometimes the meanings differ and sometimes they are so similar that the difference isn't worth mentioning. As in English, when a transitive verb is used without an object it usually means that part is left unsaid or it's just a possibility. For example:
 * Ich liebe. ― "I love (someone)" or "I (can) love."

The accusative articles
In the accusative case, the definite articles are: and the indefinite articles are: The only difference between this and the nominative case is for the masculine gender (bold) and both changes involve an -n.
 * den – "the" (with masculine nouns)
 * die – "the" (with feminine nouns)
 * das – "the" (with neuter nouns)
 * die - "the" (with plural nouns, of any gender)
 * einen – "a(n)" (with masculine nouns)
 * eine – "a(n)" (with feminine nouns)
 * ein – "a(n)" (with neuter nouns)
 * (nothing) - (nothing) (with plural nouns)

Examples:
 * Sie seht den Hund. ― "She sees the dog."
 * Ich liebe einen Mann. ― "I love a man."

Accusative nouns
In the vast majority of cases the accusative case of a noun is the same as the nominative case, and this is entirely true for plural nouns. But you may recall we mentioned a troublesome group of masculine nouns which use the -(e)n ending for plurals. Some, but not all, between the -(e)n ending for plurals, and the -n ending on the articles, get carried away and add an -n to the accusative singular. Most of these either end with -e in the nominative, or they refer to people. For example:
 * ein Name – "a name"
 * Ich sehe einen Namen. – "I see a name."
 * der Kunde – "the customer"
 * Ich sehe den Kunden. – "I see the customer."
 * ein Student – "a (male) student"
 * Ich liebe einen Studenten. – "I love a student."

One which doesn't add the -n in the accusative is:
 * der See – "the lake"
 * Ich sehe den See. – "I see the lake"

Word order
Now that we have multiple elements in the sentence to play around with, issues of word order are becoming more important. Native German speakers, because they have been exposed to thousands if not millions of sentences, have an intuitive feel for which word orders sound natural, which sound strained, and which just sound wrong. The rest of us, unless we want to spend a significant portion of our lives listening to people speaking German and trying figure out the correct order by trial and error, have grammar as a tool to streamline the process. Once you know the rules, and hear them used by native speakers, they will hopefully become intuitive to you as well without having to go through the tiresome trial and error stage.

There are two general rules of thumb which serve as general principles, though when you get into the details of specific rules there are exceptions. The first rule of thumb is that the topic of the sentence comes first; this isn't always the subject. For example if you're telling someone what your plan is for the day, the topic would be Heute – "today" and you'd start the sentence with that instead of Ich. The second rule of thumb is that new information, and more specific information, comes later in the sentence than previously known or general information. Each sentence tells a little story and you want to put the most important parts either at the beginning or the end so the listener will remember them. These rules of thumb are hardly specific though, and sometimes there are rules that create exceptions. So regard the rules of thumb as themes, to help make sense of and remember the rules, and help break ties when the rules don't cover everything, but not but be used in place of them.

For now, we'll list, in order of priority, the rules that must be applied. Some of this is review, and we'll keep expanding on this as we cover more complex sentences. Setting out what we'll need so far and adding to it later will make a more easily digestible meal than bringing out everything at once.

 * (Top priority) Verb placement: In German, the verb is the sun and all the other parts of the sentence are merely planets revolving around it. Some grammars use other models, which may work better for some languages, but in German it seems to work better if you think of the verb as the center of everything. So putting the verb in the correct position for the type of sentence is most important. For the sentence types we've done so far that means V2 position for statements, and V1 position for yes/no questions. For example, in English you would be correct to say "I now see you." This word order is impossible in German though because the verb is not in the second position. To translate it you must either move the adverb to the front, as in Jetzt sehe ich dich, or move it out of the way entirely, as in Ich sehe dich jetzt.

 * (High priority) Subject placement: Since the subject is most closely connected with the verb, it likes to be as near to it as possible. So in those instances where the subject does not go in front of the verb, it must come immediately after. In yes/no questions this rule forces the subject to come right after the verb, for example Siehst du mich jetzt? – "Do you see me now?" Note that in English, putting the subject anywhere after the verb is not really an option.

 * (Medium-high priority) Pronoun placement: Pronouns other than the subject fall under the heading of previously known information, and so the natural place for them to go is after the verb but before the remaining elements of the sentence. This is what pushes the adverb jetzt to the end of the sentence in the previous two examples.

The next is less strict and may be considered a guideline or even just a suggestion.

 * Adverb placement: German has decreed that not all adverbs or adverbial phrases are created equal, and when more than one occupies a sentence they are ordered by type. The standard order is when-why-how-where. In German these coincidentally fall in alphabetical order wann-warum-wie-wo. Adverbs of time appear especially early since they come before accusative objects as long as that wouldn't violate the pronoun placement rule. For example:
 * Siehst du jetzt den Hund?
 * Ich sehe jetzt den Hund.
 * While it's customary for adverbs of time to appear early the sentence, the order of the remaining adverbs when there are more than one is more susceptible to change. At this point, the rule of thumb about important information coming later starts to kick in and context begins to play a more important role than syntax. So while
 * Der Junge arbeitet jetzt hart hier. – "The boy works hard here now"
 * is the "natural" word order, but
 * Der Junge arbeitet jetzt hier hart.
 * isn't wrong and just gives more emphasis to the "working hard" compared to the "working here".

 * Nouns with an indefinite article, since they are being introduced for the first time, can follow other adverbs as well:
 * Ich sehe dort einen Hund. – "I see a dog there."
 * But:
 * Ich sehe den Hund dort. – "I see the dog there."

Some common transitive verbs

 * brauchen – "to need"
 * Ich brauche einen Urlaub. - "I need a vacation."
 * drücken – "to push"
 * Er drückt den Knopf. - "He's pushing the button."
 * essen – "to eat"
 * Das Kind isst den Apfel. - "The child is eating an apple."
 * Note that essen is a stem changing verb. The du form is simply du isst.
 * Normally essen is used for people while fressen is used for animals.
 * fühlen – "to feel" (a thing)
 * Ich fühle den Wind. - "I feel the wind."
 * genießen – "to enjoy"
 * Sie genießt das Restaurant. - "She's enjoying the restaurant."
 * halten – "to hold"
 * Der König hält ein Schwert. - "The king is holding a sword."
 * A stem changing verb.
 * holen – "to get, to fetch"
 * Ich hole einen Kugelschreiber. - "I'll get a pen."
 * German uses the present tense here since the event is about to happen.
 * lieben ― "to love"
 * werfen – "to throw"
 * Der Mann wirft Steine. - "The man is throwing stones."
 * A stem changing verb.
 * tragen – "to carry, to wear"
 * Ich trage eine Hose. - "I'm wearing pants."
 * German uses the singular for this article of clothing.
 * sehen ― "to see"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: German/Grammar/Transitive verbs


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Associative Composition Algebra/Split-binarions

Planar algebra
The equation jj=1 expresses an involution, an operation that returns to the original upon iteration. When 1 is taken as the identity matrix, then the matrix equation mm = identity has many solutions (even in the 2x2 case), and such a solution is an involutory matrix.

The split binarions use this idea of extra solutions (beyond 1 and minus 1) to generate the set of numbers {x + jy: x,y in R}. Component-wise addition and multiplication  according to
 * (u+jv)(x+jy) = ux + yv + j(uy + xv)

make a 2-algebra here called split-binarions, described as split-complex numbers in the Encyclopedia, there also provided with a list of synonyms.

To describe the invertible elements of the split-binarion plane, the two lines x=y and y=−x must be scratched from the plane. Of the four quadrants so formed, the one containing 1+0j is the most important as the square of any unit is found in  this quadrant. Within it the set
 * G = {exp(aj): a in R} forms a one-parameter group:
 * exp(aj) exp(bj) = exp((a+b)j).

G ∪ −G is the unit hyperbola $$x^2 - y^2 = 1 \ ,$$ but parametrized with hyperbolic functions.

The conjugate hyperbola is jG ∪ −jG, also given as $$\{x+jy: y^2 - x^2 = 1 \}.$$

In division binarions perpendicularity and orthogonality are synonyms, but in split-binarions orthogonality differs geometrically but is consistent algebraically: Two units z and w are orthogonal if the real part of zw* = 0. The bilinear form says  = 0. For example, for any g in G,
 * g(jg)* = −j gg* = −j exp(aj) exp(−aj) = − j, which has zero real part.

Exercises:
 * 1) Show  that the group of units U = FxPxG where P is the multiplicative  group of positive real numbers and F = {j, −j, 1, −1}, the four-group.
 * 2) Show that x + jy is in the quadrant of the identity if and only if y < |x|.
 * 3) Show that the effect of multiplying by j is to flip the  plane in  the  diagonal x=y.
 * 4) For g= cosh a + j sinh a, show that as a increases the orthogonal points g and jg converge toward the  asymptote.

Simulaneity
When Hermann Minkowski was developing his model of the universe using the concept of a worldline for the track in time of something, he argued that the simultaneous space of the moving thing depends on its velocity. Thus simultaneity is relative to moving observers. The orthogonality in split-binarions corresponds to the relation between a velocity vector and its peculiar simultaneous space. The term hyperbolic orthogonality has been used to distinguish it from perpendicularity. The simultaneous space is called a simultaneous hyperplane since  it is a three-dimensional subspace of Minkowski’s universe.

The elements of G can be used to form a group action on the plane. The effect is sometimes called a hyperbolic rotation since for any constant k, the hyperbola {u : u u* = k ≠ 0} is an invariant set under u -> gu. But the action does not mingle the quadrants, so the term rotation is not appropriate. Another effect is that the dimension perpendicular to y=x is squashed or squeezed, as evidenced by the converging orthogonal vectors g and jg where g = exp(aj) and a is increasing. Thus the term squeeze mapping is applied when appropriate orientation is in place.

Area
Given that j2 = +1, it follows that jn is one (1) when n is even, and equals j when n is odd. Therefore
 * $$\exp(a j) \ =\ \cosh a + j \sinh a $$ as the powers of j separate the even and odd terms.

The variable a is a hyperbolic angle along a unit hyperbola $$x^2 - y^2 = 1.$$ This configuration is a normalized form of the natural hyperbola, where now the multiplicative identity is a unit distance from the origin, so sector areas are half the angle sizes due to the normalization.

Instead of squeeze mappings preserving areas in sectors of the natural hyperbola, the multiplication in D does the squeezing. The re-linearization of velocity addition in special relativity uses the parametrization of the unit hyperbola in D. Indeed, if two rapidities a and b are added, the result is their sum according to $$e^{aj} \ e^{bj} = e^{(a+b) j} $$ in D.

The notion of orthogonality in D is arithmetically consistent with the condition in C, but expresses instead hyperbolic orthogonality, the relation of a worldline to its simultaneous hyperplane. Though only two-dimensional, the split binarions contribute to understanding special relativity.

Exercises

1. Matrix $$S = \begin{pmatrix}1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix} $$ and σ is a squeeze mapping on R2. Show that the matrix S provides a mapping that makes D and (R2, xy) isomorphic as rings and quadratic spaces, but that S is not an isometry on the real plane with Euclidean metric.

2. For K ⊂ D, area(K) finite, and any a in R with u = exp(aj), show that the area of {u k : k in K} equals the area of K.

3. What does the hyperbolic angle have in common with the harmonic series $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 1/n \ ?$$ Answer: no bound. Compare their geometry.

4. Draw the subgroup $$\{ p j^n e^{aj} : p > 0,\ n=0,1, \ a \isin R \} \sub U .$$


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History of video games/Platforms/GCW Zero

Development
GCW, short for "Game Consoles Worldwide", was a company based in Kansas City, and was started after it's creator got into the Dingoo A320 scene in November of 2009. After a false start in 2010, development began in earnest in 2011 when a new attempt was made, along with a company and a prototype. After having independently solicited preorders, Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign was launched in January 2013, which sought to raise $130,000 to create a console which would fill the role the Dingoo had in the previous generation. Backers who had pledged $125 or more received a unit. Though the console only raised $35,000 from backers 15 days before the end of the campaign, a surge of investment lead to the project raising $215,000 near the end of the campaign. Ultimately the campaign raised $238,498, allowing GCW to achieve an economy of scale and lower production costs below $100 per unit.

Launch
The post campaign development suffered from delays, with initial units having been expected in March. The 2012 preorder consoles became the special edition consoles, and those were shipped around June 2013. the system was eventually released by September of 2013. Though the launch had supply issues, quality was kept high. The post-launch retail price of the system was $150, and was distributed by ThinkGeek.

GCW was at PAX Prime 2013 in late 2013 and had booth #6206.

Over the course of 2014 a small number of indie titles were released for the console. The machine was also commonly used for emulation of older game titles.

From December 22nd, 2015 to December 4th, 2019 GCW promoted official 3D printed multicolored button replacement parts through Shapeways.

Technology
The system was based on an MIPS ISA Ingenic JZ4770 CPU clocked at 1 gigahertz. The GPU used in the GCW Zero was a Vivante GC860. The system shipped with 512 megabytes of DDR2 RAM, an increase from it's initial announcement of just 256 megabytes. The standard internal storage capacity was 16 gigabytes,, though the special edition consoles shipped with 32 gigabytes of internal storage instead. Initially only 8 gigabytes of internal storage were planned.

The GCW Zero ran the operating system OpenDingux, based on Linux 3.7, uClibc, and BusyBox.

The system had a LCD with a size of 3.5" and a resolution of 320 by 240 pixel screen, which was seen as low end at the time. The system also had a speaker and vibration motor.

The system had an accelerometer and microphone.

The system had a 2.4 gigahertz radio for Wi-Fi supporting b, g, and n.

A 2,200 mAh capacity rechargeable battery powered the system.

Games

 * Griffin Legend - Action RPG
 * Sqrxz series - Ports


text:
User talk:Melissa3131

Melissa

title: User talk:Melissa3131


text:
Minecraft resource gathering

Table of Contents

 * 1) /Preface/
 * 2) /Amethyst/
 * 3) /Ancient Debris/
 * 4) /Apple/
 * 5) /Charcoal/
 * 6) /Clay/
 * 7) /Coal/
 * 8) /Concrete/
 * 9) /Copper/
 * 10) /Crops/
 * 11) /Diamond/
 * 12) /Emerald/
 * 13) /Gold/
 * 14) /Gunpowder/
 * 15) /Honey/
 * 16) /Ice/
 * 17) /Iron/
 * 18) /Lapis Lazuli/
 * 19) /Meat/
 * 20) /Mob Loot/
 * 21) /Nether Quartz/
 * 22) /Nether Wart/
 * 23) /Netherite/
 * 24) /Obsidian/
 * 25) /Redstone/
 * 26) /Sand/
 * 27) /Sandstone/
 * 28) /Sculk/
 * 29) /Snow/
 * 30) /Stone/
 * 31) /Tuff/
 * 32) /Wood/
 * 33) /Tables/
 * 34) /Using Silk Touch/
 * 35) /Authors & Contributors/

title: Minecraft resource gathering


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Talk:Mewa Film User's Guide/Managing footage

This page can be deleted. 'Mewa Film' has been renamed to 'Mewa'. All updated information is now under 'Mewa_User%27s_Guide'.


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IB Computer Science/Program Construction in Java

File organization is the logical arrangement of records in a file
 *  FILE ORGANIZATION
 *  Definition

A File is an electronic document stored in an electronic storage medium such as disk or tape. It consists of a collection of records

Accessing a file means reading records from disk or tape

1. Serial 2. Sequential 3. Direct
 * Types of File Organization

 Serial (unsorted) Organization

A serial file, sometimes referred to as unsorted or unordered file, is the simplest type of File Organization. Records in serial file are generally organized on rape un no particular order.

 Advantages of serial file

 * It has fast insert operation
 * It is good for small relations

 Disadvantages of serial file

 * Deleted records often leave space in the file which requires time to eliminate
 * Not good for volatile tables


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User talk:Osmar R. V. Freitas

Welcome!
-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:17, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Osmar R. V. Freitas


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User talk:Sakiye

Welcome!
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title: User talk:Sakiye


text: Category:Book:Minecraft resource gathering


text:
User talk:WIKImaniac

Welcome!
Hi I know you've here awhile, but have never been welcomed, so here it is. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:14, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:WIKImaniac


text:
User talk:Hello6899579

Welcome!
-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:42, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hello6899579


text: Flora of New York/TOC-Poales

title: Flora of New York/TOC-Poales


text:
Talk:Mewa Film User's Guide/Using the Node Graph

Please delete this page as its content is outdated. This page has been renamed to 'Mewa_User%27s_Guide' where the updated content is


text:
User:Satyendra kumar

Satyendra kumar sociology oners B.A hindi

title: User:Satyendra kumar


text:
Practical Electronics/Finding component information/Capacitors

Ceramic Numbering Code
Generally, they use an alphanumeric marking system. The number part is the same as for SMT resistors, except that the value represented is in pF. They may also be written out directly, for instance, 2n2 = 2.2 nF. For capacitors the tolerance code is:

 * {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"

!Tolerance Code!!Tolerance
 * A ||± 0.05 pF
 * B ||± 0.1 pF
 * C ||± 0.25 pF
 * D ||± 0.5 pF
 * E ||± 0.5%
 * F ||± 1%
 * G ||± 2%
 * H ||± 3%
 * J ||± 5%
 * K ||± 10%
 * L*||± 15%
 * M ||± 20%
 * N*||± 30%
 * P*||−0% +100%
 * S*||−20% +50%
 * W*||−0% +200%
 * X*||−20% +40%
 * Z ||−20% +80%
 * }
 * K ||± 10%
 * L*||± 15%
 * M ||± 20%
 * N*||± 30%
 * P*||−0% +100%
 * S*||−20% +50%
 * W*||−0% +200%
 * X*||−20% +40%
 * Z ||−20% +80%
 * }
 * S*||−20% +50%
 * W*||−0% +200%
 * X*||−20% +40%
 * Z ||−20% +80%
 * }
 * Z ||−20% +80%
 * }
 * }

letters with * are not used consistently.

how similar is this to resistors?

For example, .047K = .047 µF 10%.

The dielectric material is sometimes designated by another code: (note: the materials in the table below are not ceramic capacitors as implied, but plastic and paper)
 * {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"

!Marking ||Material
 * KT     ||Polyester Film / Foil
 * MKT    ||Metallized Polyester (PETP)
 * KC     ||Polycarbonate Film / Foil
 * MKC    ||Metallized Polycarbonate
 * KS     ||Polystyrene Film / Foil
 * KPS    ||foil/pps?
 * MPS    ||Metallized pps
 * KP     ||Polypropylene Film / Foil
 * MKP    ||Metallized Polypropylene
 * MP     ||Metallized paper
 * }
 * KPS    ||foil/pps?
 * MPS    ||Metallized pps
 * KP     ||Polypropylene Film / Foil
 * MKP    ||Metallized Polypropylene
 * MP     ||Metallized paper
 * }
 * MKP    ||Metallized Polypropylene
 * MP     ||Metallized paper
 * }
 * }

Please note that the table above is valid most of the time but not always because it is not a real standard. To be real sure you may check the data sheet from the manufacturer in mind.

The cap color can also indicate the dielectric:

more info at http://my.execpc.com/~endlr/markings.html

Axial ceramic capacitors
These often have a yellow body, and use the same color band system as resistors, except that the value indicated is in pF.

Multilayer Ceramic capacitors

 * [[Image:Multilayerceramic png1.PNG]]

These usually use the same alphanumeric system.


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Trainz/Kinds/kind map

KIND Map is the trainz kind (Base ) used for organizing and storing a Map. The Maps data types are created in surveyor and stored under the \UserData\local subfolder of the Trainz install (All versions after TS2009-SP2; TRS06-era versions used a \local folder, while earlier releases a \Custom\map folder in the '\World' root), so for the most part, until the tag-name assassinations in TS09 & TS10; hand-editing of a map config files should not be required. In the latter cases, error checking in all versions post-TS2009 prohibit once common practices and require definitive re-definitions or deletions.

KIND Hierarchy

 * KIND TrainzBaseSpec is considered a Parent Class of all data types because the attributes it defines by the value assigned its tags. In a route or layout, the kind tag is defined as "map", the category-class tag is defined automatically, as the only way a map can be created is using Surveyor.  Maps start off as a new board and at that moment the user is presented a succession of decisions to make about the new map, such as units, scale, grid choices, names, and other factors.

Short of considering Content Manager a container, or speaking of the data base, the Map data type (and it's folder) is the highest organized data type in the software system data hierarchy. It holds the and  tables defining the virtual world the player will interact with and links to all other assets applicable to a routes attributes in its, files to define where things are, what they are named, and their relationship enabling navigation in Surveyor, as well as specifying most of the 'world co-ordinate' data needed in the Driver Module.

Child Classes

 * In the N3V TrainzWiki, the programmers wrote: "All non-map assets might be referenced in a map asset." This is almost true, but for assets particular solely to  such as HTML assets, Rules and Driver Commands.
 * The sort of data one finds in the map file is however lengthy because of two factors,
 * The map config holds the which lists the dependencies of a map. This is where a user might go to reduce the revision level

Map Asset Files
The heavy lifting in a map asset is not carried by a config and files defining a single asset, but in the specialty file types which integrate, cross-reference, and organize the virtual world in a portable record. These have changed over the progression of Trainz versions to accommodate new capabilities, most notably to include separate layers that can be independently altered when construction the route. This allows elements (e.g. Trees, roads, commercial buildings, housing) to be separately worked, and if necessary, turned-off and temporarily disappeared or locked so they aren't disturbed by working another part of the map's detailing (refined modeling, fine manipulations and decorating) nearby, or that being a tree or shrubs, is likely in the way and/or blocking a view necessary to do other fine modeling.
 * .map file: The map file holds the trainz-board's (foundation) geometry, texturing and other physical factors.
 * .trk file: With half-a-wit, you probably already guess assets get indexed and positioned by the data within.  Spline objects of all sorts are classed as Track members based on the exact mix of boolean tags defined in their config.  They live herein in happy virtual co-habitation.

Kind Map Tags
Each map asset supports defining values of the following tags. Each tag is shown here with its default value. Surveyor will attempt to fill in each based on the information and selections made when initializing a new map board, the first trainz-board in the map.

carrate        55                 Seconds, maximal delay holdcarz       1                  Boolean, O enables Carz Traffic to be generated info-page      "filename.htm"     HTML asset, predominantly useful in TRS2006 era region                  Old maps on the DLS will not have a kuid here, but a principality (e.g. Britain) workingscale   0                  See table below, enables maps from scales found in Model Railroading to real scales workingunits   0                  Boolean, O  water                Kuid that (like region above) selects one of only a few fundamental types. car0                    A newer capability, enables additional (custom) cars be generated on a map. car1            ... carNN                   The last car being added to the additional carz for this map. Map's ambient noise, if any. { }               World { } autosave     0

carrate

 * Type: Number
 * Desc: Controls the frequency road traffic appears at on the roads. The number is an upper cap on the varying time delay between the production of one carz on a road and the next.  There is a similar tag that can be used in a road asset that generates the same delay and interval instead, but only for that particular asset on a map.  The two mix.

holdcarz

 * Type: Boolean
 * Desc: True if road traffic should be disabled.

info-page

 * Type: Filename
 * Desc:
 * Original use: File reference to (usually) an HTML file (so called 'Tech Manuals') describing use of an asset, or in the case of a complex session or route, providing details in the form of text explanations, lists, tables, schedules and many many maps.
 * Today:
 * a) In the vision of N3V game software engineers, obsolescent, so should be "No longer used."
 * b) In practice, some game asset developers are linking pages here on the TrainzOnline Wiki to serve as the tech manual for assets, a highly important need in complex routes.

region

 * Type: KUID
 * Desc: KUID of Region asset that this map is set in.

workingscale

 * Type: Number
 * Desc: Index of the option picked for the world 'scale' in surveyor.

0 - 1:1    (Real Scale) 1 - 1:22.5 (G Scale) 2 - 1:24   (Half Inch scale) 3 - 1:32   (1 scale) 4 - 1:48   (0 scale) 5 - 1:64.5 (S scale) 6 - 1:76.2 (00 scale) 7 - 1:87.1 (HO scale) 8 - 1:120  (TT scale) 9 - 1:160  (N scale) 10 - 1:220 (Z scale)

workingunits

 * Type: Boolean Number

 * Desc: 0 for metric (speed in km/h, distances in metres),
 * 1 for imperial (speed in mph, distances in feet).

water

 * Type: KUID
 * Desc: KUID of water asset that this map uses.

soundscript

 * Type: Container
 * Desc: to specify ambient sound in this map.

 * Type: Container
 * Desc: World origin container provides offset altitude, and the latitude, longitude and hemisphere data for the map.

car0

 * Type: KUID

 * Desc: KUID of car to add to the pool of available road traffic provided by the region.

This is a sequence - increment the number to add more cars.

autosave

 * Type: boolean
 * Desc: True if this map was generated by the surveyor auto-save process.

title: Trainz/Kinds/kind map


text:
Mario franchise strategy guide

Given the new directives authorizing books video game strategy guides on Wikibooks as of March 20, 2021, this Wikibook serves as a guide to video games from the famous Mario franchise, including some history and trivia.

This also includes recurring enemies, characters, and other subjects within the franchise.

Games

 * Donkey Kong franchise
 * Donkey Kong (1981)
 * Donkey Kong Jr. (1982)
 * Donkey Kong 3 (1983)
 * Donkey Kong Jr. Math (1983)
 * Donkey Kong (1984)
 * Donkey Kong Country (1994)
 * Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest (1995)
 * Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! (1996)
 * Super Mario series
 * Super Mario Bros. (1985)

Characters

 * FLUDD
 * Krunch

Note that this does not include Kong enemies, such as Manky Kong, which can be found in the Enemies section.
 * Kong family

 * Tiny Kong

Enemies

 * Mario franchise
 * Bandit
 * Big Bertha
 * Blooper
 * Bob-omb
 * Boo
 * Bullet Bill
 * Buzzy Beetle
 * Cataquack
 * Cheep-Cheep
 * Chomp
 * Dry Bones
 * Fly Guy
 * Goomba
 * Hammer Bro
 * Koopa Paratroopa
 * Koopa Troopa
 * Magikoopa
 * Monty Mole
 * Piranha Plant
 * Pokey
 * Shy Guy
 * Snifit
 * Thwomp
 * Ukiki
 * Whomp

 * Donkey Kong franchise
 * Kremling
 * Klaptrap
 * List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies
 * Manky Kong

Species

 * Animal Friend
 * Noki
 * Pianta

Bosses

 * Chief Chilly
 * Eyerok
 * Fryguy
 * Goomboss
 * King Boo
 * Mouser
 * Petey Piranha
 * Tryclyde
 * Wart
 * Wizpig

Items

 * 1-up Mushroom
 * Fire Flower
 * Metal Box (Metal Cap)
 * Mushroom
 * Shine Sprite
 * Starman
 * Tanooki Suit
 * Wing Cap

Locations

 * Banana Hoard
 * Bowser's Castle
 * Donkey Kong Island
 * Princess Peach's Castle

title: Mario franchise strategy guide


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela

My page is created the 20 March 2021 on this wikibooks.

Wikiscan, Activity statistics
 * Activity statistics

see also Wikiscan Goelette.Cardabela

Add_appendix program in Bash, to create books appendix.
 * Activity at this time

title: User:Goelette Cardabela


text:
Transportation Deployment Casebook/2021

States

 * /Alabama/
 * /Arizona/
 * /Arkansas/
 * /Florida Streetcar/
 * /Idaho Streetcar/
 * /Illinois Streetcar/
 * /Indiana Streetcar/
 * /Kentucky Streetcar/
 * /Michigan/
 * Mississippi Streetcar
 * /Missouri/
 * /Nebraska Streetcar/
 * /Nevada Streetcar/
 * /New Jersey Streetcar/
 * /New York/
 * /Oregon Streetcar/
 * /Pennsylvania Streetcar/
 * /Tennessee/
 * /Texas Streetcar/
 * /Utah/
 * /Vermont Streetcar/
 * /Virginia Streetcar/
 * /West Virginia/
 * /Wisconsin Streetcar/

title: Transportation Deployment Casebook/2021


text:
User:Saltrabook/Clinical Skills to be achieved during the Occupational Medicine Residency

The list below sets out the competencies the occupational medical specialist should possess on completion of education, with the emphasis on the skills and the required compulsory assessment methods. Competences and the related assessment methods are concretized by using competence cards or other specific guidance.

Communication and teaching
Physicians working in the field of occupational and environmental medicine, through patient-related work, business assignments, literature studies, and research, gain significant knowledge about the environment, including the health and safety of the working environment. In order for this knowledge to be used for prevention, the specialist doctor should be able to convey it to colleagues, other professional groups, companies, and communities during teaching, meetings, and writing. The dissemination must be adapted to the target groups' academic and linguistic requirements. After completion of specialist medical training, the specialist must be able to:

Exposure description and assessment
The basis for making reason and risk assessments is a detailed knowledge of exposure in the relevant environment. The exposure description and assessment may include chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial influences. Therefore, very different methods of collection and assessment of exposure information are used. The work history Is the most commonly used method of clinical work medicine to map out the effects of the working environment. The work history describes chronologically the various employment conditions, tasks, and related exposures.

Etiological- and Risk Assessment competencies
An assessment of the multiple etiologies is defined as an assessment of whether there is a probable correlation between the exposure and the identified disease or symptoms based on exposure and diagnosis. Risk assessment assesses the likelihood that a given exposure may result in a given health injury in the short or long term, or may affect the prognosis

Communication and teaching competencies
Physicians working in the field of occupational and environmental medicine, through patient-related work, business assignments, literature studies, and research, gain significant knowledge about the environment, including the health and safety of the working environment. In order for this knowledge to be used for prevention, the specialist doctor should be able to convey it to colleagues, other professional groups, companies and communities during teaching, meetings, and writing. The dissemination must be adapted to the target groups' academic and linguistic requirements.

After completion of specialist medical training, the specialist must be able to:


text:
User:Saltrabook/Diagnosis, causality, prevention, and prognosis of occupational diseases

Module 2: Diagnosis, causality, prevention, and prognosis of occupational diseases
Tendovaginitis of the wrist, work-related

Definition
Wrist tendinitis is a clinical condition defined by pain, local swelling, redness, tenderness and sometimes crepitation in the wrist region.

The condition has many names that refer to the specifically affected tendon structure, but which in clinical practice are only confusing because the specific localization for inflammation cannot be determined. One possibility is to consistently name the condition tendinitis as here

 * Work-related de Quervain's tendinitis is treated separately

Occurrence
In epidemiological studies, different case definitions are used, which is why very different prevalences are reported among employees with and without wrist-loading work1 The acute wrist tendinitis with characteristic symptoms and clinical signs is rarely seen in cross-sectional studies of working people because the condition is short-lived. In contrast, recurrent persistent wrist pain with no signs of acute inflammation is common in professional groups with unilateral, repeated manual labor.

Occupational risk factors
Risk factors for developing wrist tendinitis are 1.	high repetitiveness 2.	exercise of force 3.	use of the hand in awkward positions or combinations thereof 4.	There are mainly cross-sectional studies but also a few follow-up studies for work-related reasons. Several of these show, despite extremelydifferent prevalence of the disease, an excess risk of these factors of 2-4 times, but there are also studies that can not demonstrate an excess risk2 5.	The condition is seen with increased incidence, among other things, in slaughterhouse workers, employees in the fishing industry, in packing work, in industrial seamstresses, in power-intensive assembly work and certain types of cleaning work. 6.	Clinic and diagnostics – see hand problems


text:
User:Saltrabook/Diploma 1: Education in Health Science research methodology

--> Education module links


text:
Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 14

Today in 1992 version 0.1 of 386BSD was released. Although there had been an earlier release in March, it was very difficult to install, which made 0.1 much more popular and the first contact with BSD for many more people. 386BSD was the first open source operating system on the x86 architecture and is the ancestor of all modern BSD variants.

title: Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 14


text:
Cookbook:Piadina (Thin Italian Flatbread)

Piadina (plural: piadine) is an Italian flatbread.

Ingredients

 * 12 oz all-purpose flour
 * ½ tsp table salt
 * ¾ tsp baking powder (optional)
 * 2 tbsp vegetable oil
 * ½–¾ cup water

Procedure

 * 1) Pulse the flour, baking powder, and salt in a food processor until blended.
 * 2) Add the oil and pulse a few times to blend.
 * 3) Start the processor and add the water a little at a time until the dough comes together.
 * 4) Remove the dough to a well floured counter top and knead a few times, shaping it into a round ball and adding flour as needed.
 * 5) Divide the dough into four pieces and form each into a tight ball.
 * 6) Cover all with some plastic wrap and let rest for 30 minutes.
 * 7) After the rest period, roll each piece into a 9 inch round.
 * 8) Heat a dry 10-inch cast iron frying pan until a drop of water sizzles and evaporates.
 * 9) Dock (perforate) one of the rounds with a fork to prevent the formation of bubbles.
 * 10) Cook the round in the dry pan until the bottom has a few brown spots, 1½–2 minutes. Keep the docking fork handy to knock down bubbles as they form.
 * 11) Flip the round and repeat the browning step as above.
 * 12) Remove to a warm plate and gently fold in half. Cover to keep warm.
 * 13) Repeat the last four steps with the other rounds.
 * 14) Fill each with the foods and condiments of your choice and enjoy.


text:
Talk:GCSE Modern History/Yalta and Potsdam

Сталин, Иосиф Виссарионович & Forced labor
John Dietrich, The Morgenthau Plan: Soviet Influence on American Postwar Policy (2002) ISBN 1-892941-90-2 States that the protocol contained provisions for reparations in the form of forced labor. Yalta protocol: "2. Reparations in kind is to be extracted from Germany in three following forms:...(c) Use of German Labor"

This is confirmed by Winston Churchill in his War Cabines minutes. War cabinet Minutes

In the meeting on May 18th 1945, the U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill discusses the amount of German labour introduced by war criminal j.s. they will request for use in the British agriculture. In the meeting on June 11th 1945 they discuss the provisions made for Slave Labour in the Yalta protocol, and how many slaves the Russians should get.

 * Ch. a) Only reparations worth havg = G. export markets.

Directive takes a/c of that, but shd. state it specifically. b) Also wd. like to omit last sentence in para 15. If we count against R. claim the labour they take, we cd. get the total figure up to $20 billion. $16.000 m. value cd. be assigned for 4 m. slave labour.

 * P.M.

At Yalta R. made it clear that their claim was exclusive of Сталин, Иосиф Виссарионович's forced labour.

 * In the winter of 1946/47 former U.S. president Herbert Hoover had been sent on a fact finding mission to Germany by President Harry S. Truman. In February 28, 1947 he published a situation report on Germany, where it was estimated that 4,160,000 German former prisoners of war, by General Eisenhower relabeled as Disarmed Enemy Forces in order to negate the Geneva convention, were used as forced labor in work camps outside Germany: 3,000,000 in Russia, 750,000 in France, 400,000 in Britain and 10,000 in Belgium.

 * Dietrich states that more than 1,000,000 German Prisoners of War were after the war ended forced to work in French coal-mines and Brittish agriculture, as well as 500,000 in U.S. run Military Labor Service Units in occupied Germany itself. Dietrich also states that roughly 3,000,000 former prisoners of war suffered terribly in work camps in the Soviet Union in the following years, as well as a number of German civilians (for the fate of the civilians, se Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union)

In view of this I think that the forced labor part of the Yalta protocol deserves to be listed, along with all the other things the Allies agreed upon but ignored Poland's legal underground army: Armia Krajowa!!!

 * you mean to investigate Ка́тынский расстре́л and Polish communist soviet puppets not to persecute members of Armia Krajowa which lasted until 1963.


text:
Transportation Deployment Casebook/2021/Oregon Streetcar

Introducing the streetcar
The streetcar is a passenger carrying rail vehicle that operates on steel tracks, most commonly drawing electric power from a power grid on overhead cables. This electricity is passed from the cables through a “trolley pole” sliding along the overhead electricity source and powering the electric motor. Initially beginning as small four-wheeled carriages, the growing demand shifted design to a heavier eight-wheeled vehicle on many networks.

While streetcars are still seen in many cities throughout the world, streetcars were most popular in the US from the late 1890s to the 1920s, as they grew with the ability to harness electricity and became the definitive mode of transport choice. This new technology provided many opportunities such as the ability to bring cheaper, cleaner and more efficient transport to city-dwellers. This introduction revolutionised the design of cities, enabling commuters to efficiently move in an unprecedented way. The growing middle class was now able to live in the more tranquil, urban outskirts while still working in the centre.

Streetcars have different characteristics to other rapid transit rail such as urban trains and to a lesser extent, light rail. They generally have smaller vehicles, on-street routes and relatively under-developed stations. A typical early 1900s US streetcar would feature a downtown loop or shuttle route, catering to shoppers and other trips outside of commuting. The stops would rarely include a raised platform and feature only signage indicating a stop. . This smaller nature was not only faster than previous modes but also far more affordable for growing cities than heavy set rail.

Omnibuses
Initially towns centred around walking and horses but as urban environments in the US grew outwards, they were forced to adapt and implement new public transport infrastructure for people travelling into the city centre. This brought about the beginning of the omnibus, a horse-drawn four-wheel carriage. The birth of this mode was revolutionary for public transport, pioneering the notion of public transport travelling on a predetermined route and schedule.

This mode of transport had a major advantage at its inception. As a significant step up from walking and private horses, it was the first mode that provided a reliable and predictable network of transport. This fuelled the growth of industrial centres, creating a more affordable transport option for workers. It did unfortunately have its downsides, as while the wooden carriages and horses were relatively inexpensive, the wooden wheels on bumpy roads made it uncomfortable to travel. With the introduction of rail, the omnibus failed to maintain an advantage.

Horsecar
By the 1860s, horse drawn omnibuses naturally shifted onto rails to begin the era of the horsecar. This efficiency of rail on steel wheels meant that not only that the horsecars would move faster and need less rest, with two horses able to carry a car of up to 20 people. Unfortunately, while horse powered transport was becoming more efficient there was still the issue of the horses themselves. The need to feed and house them was a nuisance but most notably in the public eye was the issue of health. Initially manure levels were kept in check as there was a demand for fertilizer but as more supply built up on the streets, cities became unbearable.

Another major factor of the growing public desire to move away from horse-based transport was “The great Epizootic of 1872.” The over-reliance on horses was laid bare as the outbreak of equine influenza ground industry to a halt throughout North America. Beginning in September 1872 near Toronto, the US failed to get the “Canadian horse disease” under control and by early 1873 it had spread to West Coast cities, killing an estimated 2 percent of all horses and debilitating entire cities. This turned public sentiment against horse reliance.

Cablecar
Before the introduction of a widespread electricity network that enabled the dawn of the streetcar era, the cablecar was touted as a horse free alternative. Functioned by means of an underground pulley system that was usually powered by steam. However, it never gained full traction across several US cities due the need to dig and maintain a trench, typically low speeds and the need for the pulley to run along a straight route. This mode could climb hills, so was most suited to cities with strong undulations such as San Francisco and Seattle. In this era Portland had two cable lines, the King’s Heights Line briefly in 1892 and the Portland Heights Line from 1890 until it was eventually fully electrified in 1904.

Electric grids
As Thomas Edison’s electric distribution company went into operation, the world of mass transit was opened up thanks to electric power. While initially focusing on light as the main destination for electricity, the ability to install overhead electrified wires paved the way for electrified streetcars. Edison’s system of large power generators (also known as dynamos), voltage regulators and copper wires were installed in the streets connecting the plant to various buildings and was a vital building block in bringing forward the new age of the street car.

The invention of the streetcar
The beginning of the modern day electric streetcar was brought about by Frank Julian Sprague, who has been considered the “father of electric traction,” after his work in developing electric motors enabled him to make vital breakthroughs horizontally with electric railways and vertically with early electric elevators. While working in the US Navy, Sprague met E.H.. Johnson, an associate of Edison, who was impressed with his ideas. Sprague was enticed by Edison to resign from the Navy and join, from there he learned about his electrical distribution system.

Looking to move into power instead of Edison’s focus on light, Sprague formed the Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company, with the aim to adapt DC current into a new streetcar technology. After forming this company, Sprague achieved the major breakthrough of an electrical motor that was able to maintain a constant speed under different loads. While this motor was effective, selling 250 motors in two years, a shift in initial design was needed to feature vital aspects such as economy and braking. This lead to the predominant technology of the time, as he adapted the initial motor to enable returning power to the main supply. The electric motor functions by electricity running parallel to a horseshoe magnet wrapping around an armature circuit, rotating the armature and driving the wheel.

After seventy four attempts across North America and Europe Sprague successfully trialled his electric streetcar in Richmond, Virginia in 1888. Before this trial, a cynical public had considered the mode of transport as dangerous and unreliable so this moment marked a turning point in the mode’s development. Within two years of installation in Richmond, 110 electric railroads using Sprague’s invention were built or being built in the US and overseas. The rapid uptake in demand meant a need for larger cars with greater carrying capacity so cities quickly switched from a small four-wheel car to a larger eight-wheel.

Growing private enterprise
As one of the largest growth industries of its time, a growing need for investment was met by private enterprise instead of public funding. Oregon’s first electric street railway line opened in November 1889 between East Portland and Albina. This was run by the Willamette Bridge Railway Company which became the City & Suburban Railway company in September 1891. This private company, along with the Portland Railway Co. and East Side Railway Co. (providing inter-urban services) were the three major electric streetcar service providers within the state by 1894.

Access to the city centre for employment and recreation
The initial market niches involved giving people greater access to downtown areas. While there had already been access to the city centre for employment in both retail and industry, the growing streetcar network provided a functional enhancement as the increased efficiency of access enabled more people to shop and work in the city. The cost efficiency of switching to electric streetcars from horse-drawn cars was roughly 20 per cent, leading to a rapid electrification of already existing horse powered lines.

Real estate opportunities
On the outskirts of Portland, streetcar lines enticed people out to the suburbs and so real estate developers were able to found communities such as Council Crest, Hawthorne, Mount Tabor and most notably Irvington. Privately funded by the Irving family, Irvington is considered a classic early twentieth century “streetcar suburb,” characterised by building restrictions designed to create a residential environment marketed to the middle class. These streetcar suburbs provided this middle class with the balance of access to work in the city and space in the suburbs. This residential shift is by no means limited to Irvington as Portland’s lower density east side grew from twenty-five percent of greater Portland’s population to fifty by the 1910s.

The Birthing Phase
In the birthing phase of the industry, the franchise model was implemented as a continuation from previous horse-drawn street railways. This model was essential as the street cars would run on public streets, negatively effecting public thoroughfares. The franchise license would give a private company a right of operation on certain streets, in return for the large expense and risk involved with laying down new track. In many cases, the streetcar companies already obtained the necessary licenses through their involvement in horsecars.

Especially in early US history, the federal government took a policy of promotion not ownership by providing financial incentives to private companies such as charters as at the time they were pro rail development The generally hands-off approach taken is characterised by the United States’ values and traditions of economic liberalism, which is believed by the general society to create greater efficiency in the economy.

A policy that was embedded by the government included the mandated standard rail gauge of 4 feet 8 ½ inches. This standardisation across the whole state was paramount to enable the building of a network and the ability for multiple companies to operate on the same tracks. Initially in the US there was some difficulty coordinating gauge between states, especially after the Civil War with a North-South divide. In 1886 standard gauge was finally agreed upon by the whole country, as the electric streetcar technology was about to take over.

While streetcar policies were generally laissez-faire, not every aspect of the industry was left to its own devices. As the franchises were handed out at a municipal level, there was more hands-on involvement. A significant aspect of control was the condition of a maximum fare, set at 5 cents. In later years, this price roof would offer little freedom to change prices if future financial issues arose.

The Growth Phase
Growth in the industry was funded by several private companies following the Willlamette Bridge Railway Co. such as the Metropolitan Railway Co. and the Waverley-Woodstock Electric Railway. 1891 began a period of mergers as City & Surburban Railway Co. acquired several struggling smaller companies to enable passengers to cross from one side of Portland to the other on a single fare. By 1908, the vast majority of Portland's suburban lines were run by Portland Railway, Light and Power Company, enabling the city to establish a strong network, thereby enticing greater patronage.

As the reach of the transport network grew, there was an increased demand to locate new residences and commercial properties near the streetcar stops. Although it was a privately operated system, the political process of granting valuable franchises meant the industry became woven in politics as well as real estate developments. In many cases, the streetcar companies would hold political influence.

The Maturity Phase
As other forms of transport were catching up to the streetcar, the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company diversified by investing in entertainment on the outskirts of Portland, accessible by streetcar. Both Columbia Beach and Council Crest amusement parks provided entertainment for city dwellers. At its peak, Columbia Beach would draw 30,000 on a hot day, providing places for swimming, games and dancing while Council Crest was more of a traditional amusement park, with its main attraction being the view of the city and snow-capped peaks behind. In advertising material, the necessary streetcar line and stop would be noted to guide people.

A major stumbling block to further growth that streetcar companies faced was the “lock-in” of their fare structure. In 1914, United Railways aimed to increase the fare for their interurban route from Portland to Linnton from five to ten cents. While this was granted by the Oregon Commission, the municipal level Multnomah County Court recognised this a breach of the 5 cent maximum fare franchise term. As punishment, United Railways were forced to tear up that portion of their track up as far as the Portland city limits, forcing patrons to take an alternate route via steam train. Ridership dropped along the remaining portion of track and the line ceased operating in 1923.

The Decline Phase
The early 1920s was the peak of streetcar usage in the US, with Portland running 32 lines, all of various lengths. Streetcars were the chief mode of transport and had shaped cities by their ability to efficiently bring people into a town centre. However, with the growth of the private automobile, the dominance was being challenged.

In 1912, the electric streetcar began competition with market disruptors such as the mass-produced Mord Model T. These cars were still limited to the rich, so didn’t pose a strong threat to the streetcar which had a more middle to lower-class patronage. However as the cost of these cars slowly dropped, making it more and more affordable, streets became crowded in a multi-modal mess. The competition for space with private vehicles became strained as they could drive on tracks, meaning the streetcars could no longer operate efficiently. Dedicated rights of way was the key for streetcars to remain operational but this was difficult to operate in the already narrow streets of downtown Portland.

The Renaissance Phase
Going into the future, there are several ways that streetcars can reinvent themselves. Firstly, dedicated right-of-way rail tracks offer a solution for avoiding interference. With the prevalence of car ownership there is no turning back to a streetcar-orientated city, so the two modes must coexist without interference. This however can be difficult for cities with narrow streets and limiting space.

Various technology advances such as low cost trackless trams and a shift to entirely renewable sources of electricity could provide a comparative advantage for travellers. With a growing focus on sustainability, a shift away from the combustion engine will be necessary. Oregon is already known for its sustainable mindset, being a leader in green energy with 33% being used from renewable sources.

Portland area currently sets the standard for several cities across the US that are revitalising their streetcar networks. In 2009 Portland City Council released a "Portland Streetcar System Concept Plan," outlining a framework for future streetcar corridors. Portland has a growing streetcar system, with plans to add to the current two city loop and six commuter streetcar lines. With proposed line expansions to Montgomery Park and Lake Oswego, the future looks bright for streetcars in Oregon.

Oregon state
S-curve parameters

Tabulated data

Portland suburban
S-curve parameters Tabulated data

Regional Oregon
S-curve parameters Tabulated data

Data interpretation
When graphing the life cycle of a transport mode, the regression line follows an S-Curve, indicating the birth, growth and maturity phases. This S-Curve follows the equation:

S(t)=K/(1+e^((-b(t-t0)))

this is represented by:

 * S(t) is the status measure - streetcar track miles taken from the McGraw electric railway manual
 * K is the saturation level for streetcar track miles
 * b is a coefficient.
 * t is time (year),
 * t0 is the inflection time - year in which 1/2 K is achieved

Portland suburban life-cycle phases:

 * Birth: 1894-1904
 * Growth: 1904-1912
 * Maturity: from 1912 onwards

Regional Oregon life-cycle phases:

 * Birth: 1894-1908
 * Growth: 1908-1916
 * Maturity: from 1916 onwards

The difference in phases can be explained by Southern Pacific Co.'s later expansion of interurban services relative to the Portland suburban system's establishment. Within Portland, the consolidation of railway companies into the Portland Railway, Light and Power Co. enabled an increase of services within the city.

Combined together, the inflection point of state-wide streetcar track mileage is beyond 1920. As the saturation point of this regression S-Curve is considerably long term, this can be interpreted to predict the potential of streetcars without policy interference and competition from other travel modes.


text:
History of video games/Platforms/Huawei Tron

History
The Huawei Tron was announced in January 2014, coincidentally immediately following the removal of the ban of gaming consoles in China. The system was demonstrated at CES 2014, and was said to have a price point of around $120. However, the console was never released, and is assumed to be vaporware.

Misinformation about the console was common, with many suggesting the console played PS3, Nintendo DS, and PC games.

Technology
Early demonstration units were based on a NVIDIA Tegra 4 SOC, though the NVIDIA K1 was considered. The system had 2 gigabytes of RAM. The system had either 16 or 32 gigabytes of storage space. This storage could be expanded with a MicroSD card slot, located on the bottom of the unit.

The system ran Android 4.2.3.

The console had a USB 3.0 port. The Tron had also had radios for Wi-Fi ac and Bluetooth 3.0.

The console drew 12 volts of DC power at 2 amps.

The console had a uniquely styled circular motif, including a circular touchpad on the controller. Planned case colors included white and black.

A model number of TRON MediaQ 560 was assigned to the device.

Games

 * Dead Trigger 2
 * Red Blade


title: User:AVSmalnad77


text:
Practical Electronics/Circuits Analysis/Kirchhoff laws

Kirchhoff laws were invented to describe the voltage and current relationship in an electric circuit. These laws are: Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).

These are terms used specifically in Kirchhoff laws Node: Node or junction is a point in the circuit where two or more electrical elements are connected. This specifies a voltage level with a reference node in a circuit. (See K1, K2)

Branch: The continuous conducting path between two junctions which contains electrical element in a circuit is referred as branch. (k1 have branches R1-R3 / R1-U2)

Loop: In an electrical circuit a loop is an independent closed path in a circuit that follows the sequence of branches in such a way that it must start and ends with same node and it shouldn’t touch any other junction or node more than once. (See the path of M1 and M2)

Mesh: In an electrical circuit mesh is a loop that doesn’t contain any other loop in its interior. (See M1, M2)

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
The algebraic sum of currents at any node is zero. Thus the current entering at a node must be equal to sum of current out of the node.

The "general" formulae is $$ I1 + I2 = I3 + I4 + I5 $$ ,

(Note: The number of currents at note does not necessary amount to 5, maybe less or more)

where I1 and I2 refers to current entering at a node

and

I3 ,I 4 and I5 refers to current exiting at a node

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of voltages in a closed path is equal to zero that is the sum of source voltages is equal to the sum of voltage drops in a circuit. If the current flows from higher potential to lower in an element, then we consider it as a voltage drop.

If the current flows from lower potential to higher potential, then we consider it as a voltage rise. Thus, the energy dissipated by the current must be equal to the energy given by the power supply in an electric circuit.

There are no general formula of Kirchoff's Voltage Law but based on examples shown, the formula can be described as : $$ V=V_{R1} + V_{R2}+V_{R3} $$


text: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1963

title: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1963


text:
User:Groza iosif/sandbox

-Limba romana-                                                                                Limba romana provenita din straina/vechea latina,cunoscuta ca parte din limbile europei la un capat crunt si neinformat de noutatiile create de oameni.Avem cunostinte avansate dar putin importante pentru sraini.Job-urile suntmine neprofitabile neacoperind nici cea mai mica parte a nevoilor.Pe aici e nevoie de cultura,parintii nu stiu sa si faca treaba cum trebuie din cauza democratiei care a astupat mintiile comuniste. Singura speranta ne-o lasa DUMNEZEU dar nu vrem sa-l intelegem cu toata filosofia sustinuta de fiecare entitate. o parte din noi!

title: User:Groza iosif/sandbox


text: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1960

title: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1960


text:
MediaWiki:Gadget-markAdmins

markAdmins: Mark admins and other users with certain rights.

title: MediaWiki:Gadget-markAdmins


text: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1969

title: World Stamp Catalogue/Malaysia/1969


text:
Mewa User's Guide/Mewa Script Programming

Language Reference
Mewa programming language, although resembling a lot like javascript, does not follow any programming language specfication. It was designed to answer Mewa application requirements on performance and ease of use. The language syntax might change in order to match future quirements or users preferences.

Data Types
All numbers in Mewa are stored as floating-point.

Booleans true and false are stored as numbers 1.0 and 0.0.

Strings are represented by text within quotation marks, as shown below:

Functions
Below is a list of all functions supported by Mewa scripting.

If you need a function that is currently not available please contact us, we want to help you.

connectNodes( outNodeName, inNodeName, inputIndex )
Adds a connection between output of node with name outNodeName and input of node with name inNodeName. inputIndex is the index of the input port. Node input ports are indexed from 0 to N, where N is the number of input ports. In other words, the first input port of a node has index 0, the second input has index 1, and so on.

Example:

delete( var1, var2, ... )
delete function deletes variables. Accepts as input arguments a list of variables names.

The example below creates a node and then deletes the variable referencing the node. The data referenced by a variable is only deleted if the data is not referenced anywhere else. Because the myNode is internally referenced (owned) by the nodegraph the myNode variable is deleted but the node is not.

deleteAll
Deletes all set variables.

Note that deleting a variable does not necessarily delete the data referenced by the variable. The data referenced by the variable is only deleted if not referenced anywhere else.

See also.

nodegraph
Returns the object.

ColorWheelNode
Creates a new ColorWheel node and adds it to the node-graph.

Constructors

 * ColorWheelNode
 * ColorWheelNode( name, pos )

The constructor ColorWheelNode adds a new ColorWheel node to the node-graph. The name and position of the node are automatically filled.

The constructor ColorWheelNode( name, pos ) adds a new ColorWheel node to the node-graph with the given name and at given pos. This constructor is used to save and restore a node-graph.

Contructors

 * Dialog( text )
 * Dialog( text, title )

Creates and shows a Dialog with text. The title argument is optional.

Example:

addButton( text, functionHandler )
Example:

setProgress( percent )
Progress value needs to be between 0 and 1. To hide the progress bar set a negative value (< 0). To show a running progress set a value bigger than 1 (> 1).

setTitle( title )
set empty text to hide

setText( text )
set empty text to hide

wait
Returns only when a button is clicked. The returned value is the index of the clicked button.

close
Closes and hides the dialog.

cd( dirName )
Enters directory dirName. Returns true if successfull.

exists( name )
name is a file or directory name. Returns true if file/dir exists.

size( name )
Returns the file size of the given file name. Returns -1 if the file does not exist.

delete( name )
Deletes the file or directory with given name.

Download
Contructors:
 * Download( dir, url )

Starts a downloads the specified url to the given dir.

progress
Returns the downloaded data size in bytes.

status
Return an integer, that can be either 1, 2 or 3:
 * 1) in progress
 * 2) completed
 * 3) failed

cancel
Cancels the running download.

Constructors

 * FootageNode( source )
 * FootageNode( source, pos, name )

source is a video filename or a list of filenames of images (image sequence). pos is a vector with 2 numbers.

See also Node class.

Constructors

 * Move2DNode
 * Move2DNode( name, pos )

The constructor Move2DNode adds a new Move2D node to the node-graph. The name and position of the node are automatically filled.

The constructor Move2DNode( name, pos ) adds a new Move2D node to the node-graph with the given name and at given pos. This constructor is used to save and restore a node-graph.

Nodegraph
The nodegraph function returns a Nodegraph object.

setTranslation( x, y )
Translates the node-graph view to position x,y.

Node
Node is the base class for all Mewa nodes, like and.

setName( name )
Sets the given name to the node. If the name already exist, a number is added at the end of the name in order to make it unique.

setHelpPage( url )
[panel image]

Use this function associate a help page to a node. The help page is url link. The link is opened in the system web browser when the user clicks [help button] located at the top of node parameters window.

Constructors

 * ShaderNode( glslCode, nameHint )
 * ShaderNode( glslCode, name, pos )

Adds node to the node-graph.

nameHint is the name given to the node while generating a unique name for the node. If there is already a node with name nameHint a number will be added at the end of the nameHint to make it unique.

If pos is not provided the node will be placed at a "best guess" position.

The best way to learn on how to create shader nodes is to look at examples. Mewa web store provides many scripts with it's source available. One example is Ether

To fill the node's panel use the functions, and. Each of those functions adds one row to the node's panel, starting from the bottom.

Controls
Controls are graphical widgets used to change the value of input variables in the shader program. There are 3 different control types:
 * connects to a input variable of type float
 * connects to a input variable of type vec2
 * connects to a input variable of type vec3

By default the controls will show the name of the variable as a text label. The label text can be modified by through the function:
 * setName( name )

The control name should be unique within the node as the name can be used in the control search.

addFloatControl( variableName, defaultValue )
Adds a GUI control to the node [Mewa_User%27s_Guide/Using_the_Node_Graph | node panel] to change the value of a given variable in the shader program.

variableName is the name of variable in the shader source that will be controlled.

Returns a object.

addColorControl( variableName )
This function creates a connected to variable with name variableName and initialized with black color (0,0,0). See more at.

addColorControl( variableName, gray )
gray argument is a number. This function creates a connected to variable with name variableName and initialized with gray value set on the three channels R,G and B.

addColorControl( variableName, red, green, blue )
The color control has 3 parameters. Clicking on the color button expands to show the 3 parameters.

setRenderArea( area )
The input should be "iResolution", "iChannel0" or "iChannel0+iChannel1".

 * setRenderArea("iResolution") An example of a node using setRenderArea("iResolution") is Ether. This example uses the input coordinates passed into fragCoord in mainImage( out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord ) to generate a procedural image. Because "iResolution" option fills the entire viewport using fragCoord values that go always from 0 to 1, this option is mostly used to generate images.
 * setRenderArea("iChannel0") An example of a node using setRenderArea("iChannel0") is HexPixelate. The iChannel0 option automatically adds an input port to the node. to connect an input image. The input coordinates fragCoord passed into mainImage( out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord ) cover only the input image. Also, note that fragCoord coordinates can have any range of values within the 0 to 1 limits. Use the texture size in variable iChannelResolution[0] to get, always, a 0 to 1 range in the fragCoord input variable. The iChannel0 option is aminly aimed at the creation of image processing nodes, taking an input image for processing and outputing the result.
 * setRenderArea("iChannel0+iChannel1") An example using setRenderArea("iChannel0+iChannel1") can be found in OverlayBlend. This option is mostly used to merge 2 images. It adds 2 input ports to the node. When using the iChannel0+iChannel1 option make sure to be use mainImage( out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoordA, in vec2 fragCoordB ) function in your shader source to access the texture coordinates of both images. Use the texture size in variable iChannelResolution[0] to get, always, a 0 to 1 range in the fragCoord input variable.

setFilter( channel, filter )
Options are Nearest, Linear or Mipmap

setWrap( channel, filter )
Options are Clamp or Repeat.

setFlip( channel, filter )
Options are NoFlip, HorizontalFlip or VerticalFlip.

ColorControl

Create a color control initialized with red color. uColor is the name of the vec3 uniform variable in the glsl shader code.

Color control has 3 parameters, one for each color channel.

setName( name )
Sets the name of this control. name is shown in the control as a text label.

See also Controls section.

FloatControl
The code below, taken from Ether.mw, shows how a FloatControl is used. The function addFloatControl creates a control, adds it to the node panel and returns the control for further setup.

setRange( min, max )
Sets a minimum and maximum value a parameter can have. To disable min and max, letting the UI control to reach any value set the same value for min and max (min == max).

setStep( increment )
Adjust the step value to make a parameter increase faster or slower with the mouse movement.

setName( name )
Sets the name of this control. name is shown in the control as a text label.

The control name should be unique within the node as the name can be used in the control search.

setName( name )
Sets the name of this control. name is shown in the control as a text label.

See also.


text:
Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 23

Today in 1990 the hacker show-trial of Knight Lightning started. It was catalytic for the creation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

title: Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/July 23


text:
User:Mrjulesd/test

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

title: User:Mrjulesd/test


text:
Mirad Thesaurus/Human Body

= Human Body =
 * The stem of body part words begin with t, signifying a human or live creature, and end with b, meaning organism. Words referring to non-tangible parts begin with t and end in p.

The words are derived from the base word tob and descend organizationally.

The Mouth

 * Mouth parts:

 * Actions of the mouth:

title: Mirad Thesaurus/Human Body


text:
Professionalism/Ashok Chandwaney, Sophie Zhang, and Facebook

Background
“I have blood on my hands,” said Sophie Zhang in her 6,600-word departing memo that she sent out internally to fellow employees at Facebook, which was later leaked to the press. The former data scientist worked for the Facebook Site Integrity fake engagement team, dealing with “bots influencing elections and the like”, and she claimed that during the three years she worked for the company, Facebook simply ignored global political manipulation. “I’ve found multiple blatant attempts by foreign national governments to abuse our platform on vast scales to mislead their own citizenry, and caused international news on multiple occasions. I have personally made decisions that affected national presidents without oversight, and taken action to enforce against so many prominent politicians globally that I’ve lost count,” the memo read.

Ashok Chandwaney, yet another whistleblower to come forward during 2020 from Facebook, wrote a 1,300 word resignation letter posted internally and later published by the Washington Post. “I’m quitting because I can no longer stomach contributing to an organization that is profiting off hate in the US and globally,” Chandwaney wrote in a stand against his former company. The engineer believes the company “is on the wrong side of history”. They say it doesn’t follow its own publicly stated values of being bold, moving fast, focusing on impact, building social value, and being open, as Chandwaney’s letter revealed, tackling value by value.

Chandwaney and Zhang comparison
Before examining the other participants, it is useful to examine the similarities and differences between Chandwaney and Zhang. At a high level, Chandwaney and Zhang seem to be in similar situations. Both of these cases occurred days apart in September 2020. They both made a post to the internal Facebook message board on their last day where they criticized their employer. Furthermore, they both claimed to be terminating their employment at Facebook over ethical concerns.

Upon further inspection there are some important differences. For starters, Chandwaney resigned whereas Zhang was fired. Zhang voiced her concerns that Facebook should spend more time on the political manipulation of non-mainstream governments three separate times-- all the way to up to the Vice-President level. Zhang specifically was fired for her inability to follow the prioritization of upper management. After Zhang was fired, she even offered to stay on for free because she felt so strongly about working on this political manipulation.

Zhang serves as a stark contrast to Chandwaney who didn’t raise any concerns to his supervisors. Chandwaney also immediately made a comment to the press when their posts were leaked, whereas Zhang did not comment until after the 2020 Presidential Election over concerns about political backlash.

This highlights the differences in how Chandwaney and Zhang handled terminating their employment with a company which they disagreed with.

Participants

Facebook’s company “mission” is to “give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together,” but as a publicly traded, for-profit corporation this is a slogan that its public relations department created. The two whistleblowers, Zhang and Chandwaney, represent a group of participants, employees and the general public alike, who are dissatisfied with the way that Facebook has failed to remove hate content and misinformation on its platform. Joining Zhang and Chandwaney are the members of the #StopHateForProfit campaign to boycott Facebook advertising that seek to hold Facebook accountable for hate speech and misinformation on the platform. The campaign urges Facebook to “prioritize people over profit”. Other participants include users of the Facebook platform who seek social connection through the application. However, it is users and non-users alike that may be subject to the violence incited on the platform.

Facebook’s Standards Report and Code of Conduct:
Facebook’s Community Standards Report and Code of Conduct emphasize the company’s commitment to fighting “Inauthentic Identity” on the platform, which includes Spam, Inauthentic Behavior (falsifying identity or accounts), False News and Manipulated Media. The company claims that some form of action had been taken on millions of posts and accounts, and against Terrorist and Organized Hate Networks on both Facebook and Instagram, in 2020.

The company’s Code of Conduct (Amended in June 2015) specifically contains policies on reporting. This document states that “senior financial officers" are responsible for ensuring that Facebook’s periodic reporting is full, accurate and timely, but beseeches employees who suspect that any of these documents have been violated to report immediately to their manager, Human Resources, Internal Audit or the Legal Department.

Facebook’s public relations team has expressed that they feel the above documents have been upheld. While admitting more work is required, they claim the company has “invested billions of dollars to keep hate off of our platform… any suggestion that [they] aren’t taking action against hate is disproven by the progress [they’ve] made”.

Action In Western and Non-Western Countries
One major issue in Facebook’s response to inauthentic identity is the vast difference between action taken in Western countries and Non-Western countries. Cases in the US, Poland and Italy were consistently met with immediate action by the company. However, non-western countries were not prioritized by Facebook if they interacted less with the United States and its close allies. In Mexico, Honduras and Argentina, cases of false engagement were only resolved by Facebook over 100 days after being reported by Sophie Zhang; some in Mongolia, Iraq and Bolivia were never resolved. The rampant manipulation of non-western institutions using falsified accounts and inauthentic behavior was not tackled by Facebook in a timely manner, and resulted in real-world consequences for those countries and democracies.

Professional Obligations to Colleagues and the Company:
One could argue that improvement in the company’s integrity would require internal change that whistleblowers Chandwaney and Zhang were fully capable of making. Other employees cited these particular former employees as trustworthy in an environment where integrity was lacking.

However, Chandwaney was a mid-level employee and did not feel they had the capability to make these internal changes; they say on the subject, “I did not believe there was a way, while working there, that I could help move the company to take more seriously some of these critical issues”. To their point, Sophie Zhang was eventually fired because she was actively pushing up the chain of command and trying to make changes in the company.

Despite this, Chandwaney entreats that any Facebook employee should reach out to him for support and discussion, as he was sure he was “not alone in being upset about Facebook’s willingness to profit off of hate”.

Professional Obligations to Democratic Institutions and Society:
The slow response of Facebook and high-level management in tackling inauthentic behavior and false news had major effects on governments and elections around the world. Zhang wrote that she did not feel that the failures she witnessed at the company were the result of malintent. Instead, she argues that there was a lack of resources at Facebook in rooting out these issues, and a tendency of management to focus on activity that could harm public relations with the company.

Thus, situations that presented “electoral or civic harm” were not prioritized, especially in non-Western nations, and Facebook would often take “over a year” to respond to Zhang’s requests for involvement. Zhang recounts, “With no oversight whatsoever, I was left in a situation where I was trusted with immense influence in my spare time… A manager on Strategic Response mused to myself that most of the world outside the West was effectively the Wild West with myself as the part-time dictator”.

Careerism vs Professionalism and the Fight for Integrity:
Ultimately, these cases reduce to the choice potential whistleblowers face between adopting a careerist or a professional attitude in the workplace. Chandwaney described their time at Facebook as a “daily crisis of integrity”. Zhang felt similarly and reported in her memo she had been, “caught between my loyalties to the company and my loyalties to the world as a whole”. However, both ultimately came to the conclusion that the good of their profession required them to report their experiences to internal messaging boards, alerting other employees of Facebook’s inaction and eventually the public sphere.

Both Chandwaney and Zhang decided to put their profession, its future, and its effects on the world’s institutions before their careers. Chandwaney describes their choice perfectly: “The consequences that we’re facing as a society, as a world, are probably worse than maybe me not being able to get another tech job”.

Conclusion
A fair question to raise when examining this case is whether or not Chandwaney was a true professional. Chandwaney did not try to fix problems internally like Zhang. Recall Zhang was fired after going to extreme lengths for prioritizing work she felt ethically compelled to take on. Is it a requisite to sacrifice yourself, like Zhang, in order to be considered a professional?

The authors of this casebook chapter contend that when a person is as opposed to a company’s mission as the case of Chandwaney and Facebook, it is enough to quit and no longer contribute professional expertise to the company. With the advantage of hindsight, a student of professionalism may advise Chandwaney to first seek change internally and report their concerns. However, if the definition of professionalism is to always elevate profession over career, then Chandwaney's actions deem them a professional. In sum, professionalism comes in different forms; unrelenting professionals like Zhang and more reserved professionals like Chandwaney. As a student of professionalism, which one are you?


text:
User talk:Brandieyoung

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Brandieyoung!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:09, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brandieyoung


text:
User talk:HirnSpuk

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, HirnSpuk!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
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 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:11, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:HirnSpuk