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Information Technology and Ethics/Role of Ethics in Risk Management

Foundational Knowledge
Ethics are simply a moral set of rules society utilizes in order to guide our decision making on what the acceptable choice is. While many choices appear to be correct it is these ethics that play a colossal role in choices that have effects over more than just ourselves. In this way we use ethics to justify actions to ensure fairness when it comes to business and risk management. These ethical choices, values, and reasoning that we construct have a fundamental impact on decision making which in turn play a vital role on the outcomes of risk management. The final verdict which should be carefully selected by an individual or company regarding their response to a potential risk will ripple through the organization. The ramifications of this decision will then be placed on the stakeholders who will experience the benefits or consequences based on the ethical choice made.

Reasoning for Ethical Practice's
There are reasons to consider that good ethical practice is an essential part of risk management which includes identifying possible problems, preventing fraud, the preservation of corporate reputation, and mitigating penalties, etc. If these measures are met, we generally determine an organization is successful in risk management as they have clear vision and ethical qualities.

In turn it is crucial to note that there are reasons to consider that bad ethical practice is just as impactful as a good ethical decision in risk management. This includes but is not limited to the same identifiable actors listed above. When an ethical decision is not made with the best judgment businesses can be damaged to varying levels as shown in an example below.

Businesses such as Siemens have faced huge fines due to ethical issues and paid around one billion Euros because of its corruption scandal. FTC had imposed a penalty of $5 billion on Facebook (now Meta) for violating consumers’ privacy and the penalty is almost 20 times greater than the largest privacy or data security penalty ever imposed worldwide.

Importance
Due to the influence ethics have, the impacts whether they are bad or good are vastly important to understand and have recently come to light. Ethics has often been seen as something outside the normal business practice, something which is good to have, but it is often neglected due to the hunger for making higher profits. It is fair to say that good ethics is also good business and treating your employees, customers, shareholders, and stakeholders fairly helps to build a firm’s reputation and brand, while attracting the best employees and business partners. On the other hand, creating the impression that ethical behavior is not important to a firm is incredibly damaging to its reputation and business prospects and hence, it can be said that a business that enforces ethical behavior is the key component of managing enterprise risk efficiently and effectively.

Objective
The end goal of ethical risk management is to ensure a balance is met. For one it is for businesses to avoid harm while attempting to achieve the utmost benefit for others. This includes the process of weighing all options of potential risks in order to get the most desired response to best benefit the desired groups. In order to help guide this process to achieve the optimal goal many frameworks for ethical relationships and possible solutions for ethical risk management have been developed.

Risk Management in Business
Risk is defined as the probability of a threat of injury, damage, loss, or liability that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities that may be avoided through preventive action and Risk Management is the process of determining an acceptable level of risk, assessing the current level of risk, taking steps to reduce risk to the acceptable level, and maintaining that level of risk.

Risk management helps businesses to identify and deal with potential risks. The mitigation becomes easy if the risk has been identified, it is said that risk can never be zero as there will always be some residual risk but, the impact and its likelihood can be reduced up to some level by mitigating it by an organization. In addition, risk management helps businesses to do decision-making. For any business, assessment and management of risks are the best way to prepare for inadequate events that may come in the way of progress and growth.

Effective Risk Management begins with understanding the risks appetite of the organization. Depending on risk and its significance to the business, business can therefore choose a method to mitigate that risk.

Risk Assessment Techniques for Business
Risk assessment is a critical process that businesses use to identify potential risks and evaluate their impact on the organization. There are several techniques that businesses use to assess risks, including qualitative risk assessment, quantitative risk assessment, scenario analysis, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and bow tie analysis.

Qualitative Risk Assessment: A risk assessment technique that relies on subjective measures such as expert opinions and past experiences to assess risks. It categorizes risks into low, medium, and high-risk levels using a risk matrix and is useful when data is unavailable or when risks are difficult to quantify.

Quantitative Risk Assessment: A risk assessment technique that uses statistical analysis and numerical simulations to assess the likelihood and impact of risks. It employs complex mathematical models to predict potential outcomes of the identified risks, empowering businesses to make informed decisions in managing risks.

Scenario Analysis: A risk assessment process that involves creating hypothetical situations and assessing their impact on the business. It is often used to evaluate the impact of external factors such as natural disasters, pandemics, or economic downturns. Scenario analysis provides businesses with a better understanding of the potential impact of different risk scenarios.

Fault Tree Analysis: A risk assessment technique that breaks down complex risks into smaller components to determine their causes and potential consequences. It is commonly used in high-risk industries such as nuclear power generation and aviation. Fault tree analysis enables businesses to identify the underlying causes of risks and devise targeted strategies to mitigate them effectively.

Event Tree Analysis: A risk assessment technique that involves identifying all possible outcomes of a peril case and evaluating the probability and impact of each outcome. It is used in industries where the consequences of a risk event can be catastrophic, such as oil and gas exploration and production. Event tree analysis provides businesses with a comprehensive understanding of the potential consequences of a risk event.

Bow Tie Analysis: A risk assessment technique that involves identifying the causes and consequences of a risk event and visually representing them using a bow tie plot. It is commonly used in high-risk industries such as construction and excavation to identify and manage risks effectively. Bow tie analysis provides businesses with a clear understanding of the risk event and its potential impacts, enabling them to develop appropriate risk management strategies.

Risk Mitigation Techniques for Business
Risk Avoidance: Risk Avoidance is basically developing an alternative strategy, avoiding a risk often means not performing the risk event, or the act that carries the risk. Risk is generally avoided by the organization when the organization is not ready to accept its risk and prefers to avoid it. For example, the production of a proposed product is canceled because the danger inherent in the manufacturing process creates a risk that outweighs potential profits.

Risk Acceptance: Accepting risk or risk acceptance occurs when a business or individual acknowledges that the potential loss from risk is very minuscule or the effects would be negligible that the risk can be accepted and the business does not need to take any action in order to reduce the risk. Acceptance usually has a very low cost associated with managing the risk (or zero cost), but can have a very high cost in the aftermath of a disruption.

Risk Transfer : Risk transferring is a risk reduction method that transfers the risk to a third party, usually a financial transaction.. The purchase of insurance on certain items is a risk transfer method. The risk is transferred from the organization to the insurance company. A construction project in the Caribbean may purchase hurricane insurance that would cover the cost of a hurricane damaging the construction site.

Risk Reduction: Risk reduction is an investment of funds to reduce the risk of a project. A project manager may hire an expert to review the technical plans or the cost estimate on a project to increase the confidence in that plan and reduce the project risk. Organizations put money on medical care, security guards, and sprinkler alarms to deal with risk by preventing the loss or reducing the chance that will occur.

Risk Management Process for Business
Identify Risk: The first step of risk management process  is to identify the risks  which consists of the of reviewing the risk, analyzing the risk and listing the existing risks to the project

Assess Risk: Once risks are identified we  determine the likelihood and consequence of each risk. we try to understand the nature of the risk and its potential to affect project goals and objectives

Control Risk: After this risk scoring activity is executed in the previous step, the management team will be able to prioritize the risks and take decisions over how to  technique to mitigate it

Review Controls: Each of the risks will be monitored and controlled by the organization like which risks can reoccur again or which risk can lead to another major risk.

The rise of Risk Management Plans in Businesses after the Pandemic
COVID-19 is proof of how unprepared many businesses were for the unexpected. Lots of businesses faced a financial crisis due to which they had to lay off their employees while some businesses are closed permanently. The effect of impact on one industry was also seen in other industries. The shortage of semiconductor across the world has affected various industries like automobiles, health, technology with chip manufacturers all over the world, and these shortages and financial losses cause inflammation due to which the economy gets affected which eventually affects us.

Pandemic has forced individuals to work from home and changed the way how business was conducted previously. It enforced organizations to prepare their risk management plans more effectively as now new risks are emerging and existing risks are reprioritized in the industry in the teleworking environment. Risk management helps the business to define its future objectives by evaluating the past risks which have already occurred, defining the present risk, and considering the future risks. Any business can lose its direction if its objectives were not defined properly considering risk. After the pandemic, many companies have introduced the risk management departments to their team.

The role of this team is to identify risks, come up with strategies to protect against these risks, execute these strategies, motivate other members of the company to cooperate in these strategies and assess each risk to define its criticality to the business. The risks through which businesses can face adverse effects are categorized as critical risks and they should be treated/mitigated as a priority. The whole goal of risk management is to make sure that the company only takes the risks that will help it achieve its primary objectives while keeping all other risks under control.

Business Ethics
As is well understood, ethics are derived from laws. In the business field these laws have helped develop concrete ethics that are universal involving parenting factors such as privacy, transparency, fairness, compliance and more. These parenting factors are what our society then uses to help as the framework for ethics to be introduced into businesses and tailored for the needs of risk management.

Due to modernization and globalization of information being spread at fast rates, principles of ethics for business commerce have been established. Principles are key to the underling factors of business ethics. Without these moral principles business ethics would halt, as many businesses and businessmen are solely fixed on the fastest way to achieve a profitable margin without careful consideration of the affect their decisions play.

The critical point for many businesses is understanding the line at which a company should act ethically when handling information and conducting business practices. The continuation of a functionally ethical business may come at a cost of profits and product longevity, depending on the societal and internal impacts a businesses decision may have.

Principles of Business Ethics
The principles of business ethics use an analysis examining the impact the risk will have compared to the likelihood of the risk happening. By focusing on what risks need to be labeled as high priority the correct order and decision making can be followed without creating any bias. Further this analysis helps create information security along with the CIA Triad. From this perspective a well-balanced leadership to help stimulate growth for business and entrust a plan to be followed for risk management occurs.

Some of the major business ethics that have then stemmed from these core principles are transparency, responsibility, and equality. These are the 3 pillars that business ethics are established on, however numerous other ethics apply to business and can fall under other categories.

Transparency
Business ethics is a newer topic that has a huge impact on the outlook people may have on a business. General wrongdoings of immoral action can lead to destructive outcomes for a businesses lifespan.

Knowing wrongdoing can cause such damage to this affect transparency among the business and its users becomes essential as it allows consumers to understand the agreement if the service the business is being provided. This way the consumer can understand the risks versus reward for the business. Furthermore, this ethic of transparency helps keep businesses trustworthy in order to maintain reputation in the field leading to more revenue. Transparency of a business can also be maintained by law in terms of finances and more. By making sure businesses are ethically transparent in every facet from financials to employee’s society will ethically become secure and able to respond in such moments of risk.

Responsibility
Questions of ethics exist in many scenarios throughout the lifespan of a business. They can become of focus when determining the course of action for profit over employee satisfaction or expedited product development over secure testing and completeness. A business has moral obligations amongst these transactions, and it is in their interest to uphold an ethical standard to maintain a congruent relationship for future interactions.

The ethic of responsibility is the concept that those leading are adequate to fulfill their position. It is the responsibility of the company to provide their business service in the best way possible while being safe and practical in the manner. Further the ethic of responsibility includes that polices are being upheld. In terms of business risk management, it is the responsibility for protection systems to be in place in order to divert the opportunity of such an attack. Further there is the responsibility of incident teams to act on such attacks and mitigate the impact. All sectors of business are to work coherently and be effective for the end goal.

Equality
The importance of not just seeming ethical but acting ethically can also determine the moral scope that a company successfully withholds to. Companies deceiving consumers and employees about their moral intentions will ultimately run into extreme cases of backlash in moments of failure and exposure to the unethical practices performed. Not only does this enhance the transparency of the company but it creates a level playing field birthing equality for competitiveness. Equality is such an important ethic to have in business as it unties those of different cultures, religions and more to a unified purpose benefiting the organization. Further equality can be with gender and pay as nations across the globe have struggled achieving.

Equality ultimately mirrors the market that most businesses are targeting and allows businesses to have the greatest opportunity to increase services allowing high profits.

Implementation of Business Ethics
Business ethics are part of policy planning. Just as in risk management steps are provided to make the correct path. While picking the correct solution can be difficult as many solutions may present themselves implementation should be fast and effective. This process is crucial to ensure ethics and risk management have a strong relationship.

Advantages of Business Ethics
Business ethics affect all levels of an organization and should thus be examined thoroughly. Not only will business ethics help comply with law, but it will ensure that as risks and vulnerabilities occur the correct implementation of policy. As for business commerce, ethics are said to help relationships and have an overall positive impact on results thus leading to the mitigation or risks.

Relationship between Risk Management and Ethics
Companies face various risks that could continually hurt their stakeholders in today's commercial world. Internal or external reasons, including cyberattacks, data breaches, and unethical employee behavior, may cause these risks. External risks include economic downturns, geopolitical tensions, and natural disasters.

Companies must establish efficient risk management plans to deal with these risks, which reduce the possibility of negative outcomes while also being compliant with moral principles. As an illustration, a company might decide to pursue a plan that entails taking chances that could hurt stakeholders, which is often regarded as immoral [20]. A corporation must regularly invest significant resources in risk management, including detecting potential hazards, evaluating their likelihood and impact, and putting in place suitable procedures to reduce them to be considered ethical.

Making the distinction between opportunity (positive risk) and negative risk is crucial when discussing risk management and ethics. Events with a negative impact on the company are considered negative, while those with a good influence are considered positive. Effective risk management entails detecting and managing both types of risks to obtain the best results for the firm [21]. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) uses a few guidelines to determine what constitutes acceptable risk management, emphasizing that the resources used to reduce risk should be less expensive than the cost of doing nothing. Given that resources are limited and must be used wisely, this principle emphasizes the significance of successfully distributing resources to manage risk [20].

Adhering to the three fundamental disciplines of governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) is another strategy for conducting ethical business in firms. In this context, "governance" refers to the procedures mirrored in the organizational structure, such as the duties assigned to senior management, the board of directors, and other important stakeholders. Risk management is the process of anticipating and controlling all types of hazards that an organizational entity may face, including both positive and negative risks [22]. Compliance is the act of adhering to boundaries, both voluntary and legal, such as rules, guidelines, and standards.

One way a business can establish a holistic strategy to harmonize the relationship between risk management and ethics is to address these disciplines in great detail. Such a strategy entails creating policies and practices that encourage moral conduct, recognizing and effectively managing risks, and abiding by relevant laws and regulations [23]. Companies can accomplish long-term success and increase stakeholder trust by doing this.

All in all, it is up to the risk managers to do ethically good without failing in matters of competence. It is because failing in matters of competence as well as diligence can cause serious effects on areas such as health. Ethics help to guide the risk managers so as to ensure that other people in the organization are not impacted negatively. There are so many people in the organization, such as the employees, clients, and leaders, among other stakeholders, who needs to be protected from any form of risk; thus, risk managers must act ethically to protect them by identifying the risk and allowing its mitigation. Further, for every company to be able to manage risks, it is up to every to act ethically, whereby they should allow morals to guide their decisions as well as their behaviors. Bad ethics can only lead to poor risk management. Therefore, it is up to those in the management of risk to employing good ethics for an effective risk management.

The Role of Ethics in Risk Management
Ethics is a crucial component in many professional fields, most notably in risk management. In this field, ethical principles guide decision-making for most, if not all, roles within a company. This includes employees, leaders, shareholders, stakeholders, and anyone else involved. The impact of these ethical decisions can vary greatly, depending on who is affected. Professionals in the risk management field must carefully analyze and identify potential risks before taking action by considering the ethical implications of their choices. These ethics play a vital role in this decision-making process, as they can lead to either positive or negative consequences for the company and its various stakeholders. In such a complex and ever-changing field, it is mandatory that those involved in risk management maintain a strong sense of ethical responsibility to minimize harm and ensure the long-term success of the company. [2]

Researchers have explored and studied many different levels and degrees of ethics in risk management, from globalization advances to technological advances to intangible assets and talent management. Despite the fact that many different factors may influence ethical behavior and intentions, some of these factors can cause problems for individuals involved. Many of these problems include increased competition, pressure for increased profits, pressure for positive returns on investment, political corruption, ever-changing morals of younger generations, a focus on fast money and profit, and a sense of social responsibility. All of these factors have the potential to create risks for a business, and, as such, managing them effectively requires a deep understanding of ethical principles and their practical application in the business world. [2]

Ethics can have a profound impact on a business in one of two possible ways: good ethics, which can lead to good business, or bad ethics, which can lead to bad business. When companies prioritize treating their employees and customers with fairness and honesty, they can accomplish many things, including the formation of strong relationships, building positive reputations, and attracting more customers, employees, and business partners. However, when a company engages in bad ethical behavior, it can damage its reputation and prospects in a major way. Not only can it impact the business as a whole, but it can also have negative effects on stakeholders within the organization. Thus, implementing good ethical behavior is key to effectively managing risk across the business. By prioritizing ethical practices, companies can minimize potential risks while maximizing their chances of long-term success. [15]

The Pros and Cons of Risk Management
Ethics plays a vital role in risk management, and its impact on the business goes far beyond profit and loss. The public ethics of a business can affect the amount of customers, relationships to those customers, and the business's reputation in the market. When a business behaves ethically, it creates a sense of security and comfort in the customers' minds. Which, in turn, motivates them to purchase more products or services. Such ethical behavior also ensures that the employees working in the business are satisfied and constantly motivated to work towards the company's goals. [24] Employees and consumers do not want to be associated with any unethical practices, nor would they want to be a part of an organization that promotes unethical values. This helps the company's future, specifically in attracting more employees to the business and retaining current employees. If performed properly, this should lead to positive growth of the business.

Apart from customers and employees, ethical practices can also attract business partners and investors. If they know that their money will be used in a responsible and ethical way, they will be more inclined to partner with the business. This helps to build a positive image of the business in the eyes of the public. [24] Ethical conduct in risk management can help the business as a whole, including its customers, employees, business partners, and investors.

Even though good ethical behavior in risk management will have many benefits impacting society, there are also quite a few disadvantages to these ethics. One such disadvantage is that it may put a limit on the business's ability to maximize profits. This due to the fact that ethical practices may involve additional costs, such as implementing better working conditions or using more expensive materials. Another disadvantage is that the implementation of ethical practices can be time-consuming, as every employee must undergo the necessary ethical training. The training must also grow alongside the growth of the business. Another potential drawback of ethical risk management is that it can sometimes lead to an overly cautious approach of plans, which may restrict a company's ability to evolve as well as their ability to take risks. Finally, there is a risk of ethical risk management becoming too rigid, which can put a stranglehold on the creativity and flexibility of the organization. [17]

Possible Solutions for Ethical Risk Management (ERM)
An ethical risk management approach is concerned with the infrastructure that encourages ethical behavior, i.e., the instructions and supports that control risks connected with unethical acts while also providing incentives to promote ethical behavior. Some possible solutions for ERM are: [11]

Governance:
The board of directors and senior management should create a positive tone at the top and ensure that corporate compliance and ethics initiatives have enough resources. Corporate governance promotes a reliable, moral, and ethical environment where Transparency,, honesty, and integrity are at the core of corporate governance.

Privacy:
Privacy is so deeply ingrained in risk management practice that the rule of silence can hurt risk managers. However, this concept is worth highlighting since it is critical for public acceptability of risk management. Risk managers should be reminded to address hazards to employee privacy when new sources of risk arise.

Honesty and Transparency:
Risk managers should strive for the maximum degree of honesty and openness possible. Although a duty of honesty is unlikely to be contentious, some may object to a duty of openness because they believe that reporting damage or ongoing hazards ( to employees) might hurt the organization. Nonetheless, risk managers must permit informed decision-making by being upfront about risks and actual damages to respect employees' autonomy.

Avoidance of Suffering:
Prudence necessitates persons to use a level of judgment that does not exacerbate a problem. It relates to actions in which the risk of damage outweighs the benefit. A risk management plan should be built to ensure that pain and suffering must be avoided and mitigated.

Whistleblowing:
When colleagues want to address another professional's unethical behavior or action, there must be ethical and proper guidelines for an employee to report these incidents. Employees should also consider the severity of reporting such issues and how they are reported, to cause less drastic causes of action and provide a meaningful change.

Staff Development and Training:
Promoting an ethical culture is a must, and it is becoming increasingly apparent. Employees and Managers need to be trained in essential topics relevant to their field. These topics must include professional ethics and liability.

Promote your values and lead by example:
A list of principles that includes the phrases "honesty," "integrity," or "accountability" is commonplace in corporations. It's a wonderful idea to have these in writing, but if the rules aren't followed, the words have no real significance. You must go beyond simply mentioning them in the company description. Make sure your behavior as a leader aligns with the organization's values; if employees know they must adhere to them and have a role model to follow, they are more likely to do so. Employees who work for an unethical employer are unlikely to be motivated.

Use your organization's structure to deter unethical activities:
When they believe they won't be detected or held accountable, people frequently act in ways that are inappropriate. Teams with poor management, isolated locations, or people whose work is never questioned are all great environments for the development of unethical behaviors. In order to prevent employees from thinking an immoral conduct will go unreported, make sure the proper management and checking processes are in place.

Respond:
In order to discover unethical behavior within your organization swiftly, it's critical to respond upon every spot check and report. When they are found, react quickly and fairly. A list of punishments should be established in advance and made widely known so that there is no room for interpretation over what constitutes a reprimand, probation, or termination. Don't publicly criticize the employee; if the incident's specifics must be disclosed, do so in a kind manner and serve as a lesson for the organization going forward. Consistency is the key to all of these mitigating strategies: live by your beliefs, teach your staff to act ethically and to report anyone who doesn't, and react consistently to all unethical behavior. By doing this, you may influence how your company is perceived by its staff and consumers, increasing the likelihood that they will follow the standards necessary to uphold this reputation. These actions should reduce the terrifying risk of ethical catastrophes to a manageable level.

Implement a system for reporting unethical behaviour:
Employees must have a method to report unethical behavior if they are aware of it or have reason to believe it is occurring within their business.It's crucial to remember that many people wouldn't feel comfortable approaching their manager directly. This could be because a superior is carrying out the wrongdoing, earlier reports have been disregarded, or the employee is afraid that the person doing the wrong will find out who reported them. Because of these factors, every company ought to set up an anonymous reporting mechanism. To encourage employees to submit precise incident information, this system should ideally be managed by a third party from outside the company. Without this, ethical risk management is all but impossible because even routine incidents might not be reported.

Conclusion
Risk management is a critical process that involves identifying, assessing, controlling, and reviewing potential risks to a business. These risks can come from various sources, including economic, technological, regulatory, social, and even environmental factors. As the business environment continues to evolve, so does that of risk management. This requires that businesses need to stay informed in order to manage risk safely and effectively. In order to assist environmental growth, business ethics have been forced to change as well.

Ethics play an essential role in risk management, especially in a business sense. Ethics deals with the principles of right and wrong, and ethical conduct is critical for building trust with those involved in the company, maintaining a positive reputation, and avoiding legal and regulatory issues. Ethical risk management involves the identification and assessment of business decisions. Specifically, the ethical implications of them. By examining these decisions, steps can start to be taken in order to minimize negative impacts. Organizations that prioritize ethical values and practices are more likely to have a positive impact on their employees, customers, business partners, investors, and society.

There are many ways that organizations can promote ethical conduct and manage ethical risks, such as governance, privacy, transparency, avoidance of suffering, and whistleblowing. Governance refers to the policies, procedures, and systems that guide decision-making, ensuring compliance with laws and regulations. Privacy is concerned with the protecting of sensitive data and the respecting of individuals' rights to confidentiality. Transparency involves being truthful and communicative in all areas, including reporting financial results and disclosing potential risks. Avoidance of suffering involves taking steps to minimize harm to stakeholders, such as workers or local communities. Whistleblowing is the reporting of misconduct by employees, which can help to prevent and describe the unethical behavior of the business.

Promoting ethical conduct and managing ethical risks has countless benefits for organizations. By prioritizing ethical values and practices, businesses can build trust with stakeholders, maintain a positive reputation, avoid legal and regulatory issues, and create a safer and healthier work environment. Ethical conduct can also contribute to higher profits by increasing customer and employee loyalty, attracting ethical investors, and reducing instances of fraud. Successful risk management, management that incorporates ethical values, is essential for the long-term sustainability and success of any business.


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User talk:DrewSnarski

--Xania   talk 00:42, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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User talk:Aciturbide

Welcome, Aciturbide!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 00:46, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

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User talk:2604:CB00:1A34:DA00:508B:1BD8:6054:FACC

You cannot edit for 1 month due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 02:19, 26 April 2022 (UTC)


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Information Technology and Ethics/Software Development of Biometrics

Ease of use has become the priority for many people launching a surge into the study and use of biometrics within everyday software. Biometrics are the use of patterns for authorization. They can be developed in everything from our phones to our smart fridges, allowing the user to easily unlock their possessions without even needing to lift a finger.

What are Software Biometrics
Software biometrics allows for us to use different parts of our body as a form of identification. We can use our fingers, eyes, face and even voice patterns to login into our bank accounts, unlock our homes, make purchases, and control everything within our lives. Instead of using a password that is tied to some discrete numbers, software biometrics are far more preferred because they are independently tied to each individual and are harder to duplicate and fake. Software biometrics are also used within the cases of companies and governments since they allow for the user to be identified and kept on record. Police forces uses this software as a means of analyzing and comparing fingerprints and face shapes as a method of attempting to identify a culprit.

Different Types of Biometrics in Software

 * Voice Recognition – Software recognizing voice patterns and matching them to database for use in password, speaking to AI, and speech to text.
 * Face Recognition – Software matching an inputted face to a database of faces for authentication.
 * Fingerprint Scan – Scanning the print on a finger as means of verification.
 * Retina Scan – Scanning the eye up close for identification.

Ethical Usage of Biometrics in Software
Reaching the software development phase of biometrics means that the company has already decided on going forward with the plan, but an influence of ethical practice lies in the hands of the software engineer. Though development of biometrics in software, like fingerprint scanners may seem beneficial in the event of a crime and identifying a culprit, the ethical issues of privacy and data hording without our consent arise. With the case of email and passwords our digital identity used to be stored in the hands of the software engineer, now our physical identity is being handed over as well. As such, when developing biometric software, there is a need to make sure that the data handled is not being unethically used as means of selling, leasing, profiting, or exploiting a user.


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Talk:Information Technology and Ethics/Software Development of Biometrics

Software Development of Biometrics page was made by me as part of our spring 2022 course. The references used as part of my page is, Sutrop, & Laas-Mikko, K. (2012). From Identity Verification to Behavior Prediction: Ethical Implications of Second Generation Biometrics. The Review of Policy Research, 29(1), 21–36 and I hope this page can be a helpful chapter in the book. Saadiit (discuss • contribs) 06:14, 26 April 2022 (UTC) Saaduddin


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Information Technology and Ethics/Automation in Software Development

Gives Time to Employees Which Would Have Been Manual Labor:
A relatively increasing field within the Software Industry and even fields like software development is Automation. Now for many this concept must seem simple. It is the process of creating a script to automatically do something. This could be seen within IoT devices like Alexa when setting up your lights to turn on everyday at 8 AM or even something as simple as an alarm, to play a noise from your phone everyday at 8 AM for your class. Even in the workforce there are teams designated to automation script writing which is essentially writing scripts or programs which automatically does a specific task all on its own and oftentimes logs the status of that task on a dash. For example, let's look at the automation scripts which I have written during my internship while on the Cyber Security Automation Team at Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). In total I have written 4 automation scripts which save the company a total of about 135 minutes of manual labor a day. Looking at these results, automation is giving the company one of the most valuable aspects possible and that is time. This is 135 minutes of manual labor in which they have to pay a person to do and since I wrote these scripts, they no longer have to. That user may now devote their attention to other tasks which may hold more value to the company. On the daily the automation team is constantly talking to other teams about processes which they do that have the possibility of being automated. These scripts may be something as simple as checking if a server is active by pinging its host URL every 2 hours, or it could be running a list of over 20+ rule names on over 10,000 nodes across 5 different consoles. These are the times of scripts that I have written. Along with that time is saved from having to teach a manual process to another employee. For example, a process which took me a week to get comfortable with and learn how to do when I first came to CME, is something that I have now automated and no longer have to teach someone how to do step by step. On a side note, documentation writing is one thing that I did not expect to find as exhaustive within this field. Though I just mentioned that documentation writing would not be required on how to do a manual check, it is worth mentioning that we use that time to document how the automation process works, and some techniques or valuable lessons learned about automating that software in case someone has to write an automation on the same process in the future.

Eliminates Human Error:
Now when looking at automation time is extremely important but yet another thing that must be considered is the fact that this process eliminates the factor of human error. When doing manual tasks, especially those that get repetitive and require multiple steps which cause the user to wait on archive logs to load in, it is without a doubt possible that mistakes happen. If the manual check was to check the last archive logs on 30+ loggers to ensure everything has been properly archived and nothing has erred out, human mistakes will happen, trust me, I speak from experience. With the capability of using a script to check this on the other hand it is impossible for the script to improperly interpret a string being fed into it. If I tell a script to check if string == “Archived”: there is no possibility that it will ignore this logic when the variable string contains the value Archived. This is the power within automation, when properly written, there is no room for an error to occur. Though I make this process sound easy, oftentimes there are errors that still occur when an automation is first written as in the end of the day, we are still human and even when writing an automation script, human error occurs. If only we could automate automation writing.

Logs what is Valuable:
Going off of what I just talked about, it is important within automation scripts that the script writer must factor in proper error handling and logging. The script writer must know each and every error that may occur within the script, along with that they must note what is valuable, and what is something that is not worth time exploring. If you are automating a process and you know that X will break because of Y, then it has your automation tell log that. Someone else receiving a notification from your script who may not know this process like you do will now know to look directly at Y. It saves the time of having to troubleshoot because things were properly logged. Along with that, I found it was worthwhile to log each and every valuable piece of information your script is passing along the way. If you successfully pulled a value off an API call, log that value you are pulling so that each and every step along the way is properly documented in troubleshooting. Think of your script like a Lego where every valuable piece of information is another brick building your end goal. That being said, it is important to look at each case individually. It is hard to describe in words but do not over log, make sure what you are passing truly does hold value when troubleshooting. Over logging will drive you crazy and have you looking for a needle in a haystack.

Costs and Reflection of Automation
Now lets not forget the mere costs of automation, and essentially this goes back to time itself. In fact one of the scripts I wrote took nearly 4 months of troubleshooting and testing, involving requesting from software developers certain API calls, and communication across many different teams. That is time the company had to pay me on top of paying me to do the manual processes themselves at times. Along with that when working with automation I found it is important to make sure that your documentation on your scripts are well detailed so that if you consider an automation to “be done” and you move on to writing another, you know exactly what each brick of the Lego do in case you must come back to it if it hits a new roadblock. Though this seems very general, I cannot emphasize enough how important that documentation writing is. Have another person from a different team read over that documentation and see if they understand a general idea of what is going on. As one day in the future when this automation breaks after doing its job years after you moved on from the company, someone from the automation team should be able to pick it up and know each and every move it does.

Ethical Case within Automation:
When looking at the case of using software which automates the process of evaluating job applications, resumes, or college applications, we may see that there are both positives and negatives to this concept. When looking at this case using human evaluators (no automation). they will take a look at your resume or application and will read all of the information. After doing so they will decide if this information about you aligns with the information of a fitting candidate. They’ll listen to your responses in a job interview and gauge whether you answer “correctly.” Ideally, if you give responses that show you are qualified you will be selected. This process is much slower but it will give a more fair evaluation than looking at this process under automated software.

When automation comes to play here, we may see that universities or companies may automate this process under a concept similar to thresholds. Ideally they will filter a wide range of applications and collect only those that meet very specific criteria. If you have to have 5 years in the engineering field but only show 4 your application is essentially thrown out the window. So though we will get a larger amount of applications reviewed, they will be filtered under thresholds that may be unknown to the applicant, leaving an unfair expectation to be met. Though a pro to this process is that the automation will eliminate bias or discrimination. If the interviewer / application reviewer notices information for which they may have a bias towards, this can result in discrimination. For example, if you went to a school that they happened to dislike or if your gender was apparent from the application (if you say you had past experience in girl scouts, went to an all-boys school, etc.) and they made a decision based on this, there is bias here. If the reviewer has positive associations with topics discussed in an essay for a university or maybe positive association with a prior place you’ve worked for a job interview scenario and they hire / admit you based on this, this is also biased.

Though this is a very specific case, it is still one that dives deep into the ethics behind using automation. Automation as a field may be applied very largely in a variety of different fields or scenarios so though I talked very about my experiences with automation do not limit it to this scenario. I mean look at the software which takes into automating self-driving vehicles, that is another ethically challenging topic that may be looked upon as who would be at fault if a self-driving vehicle were to strike a civilian jaywalking. Or look at the examination of the Trolley Problem which we discussed in class, how would an autonomous vehicle decide there? This case would leave programmers to deal with ethical dilemmas that have been discussed for decades. These examples, and automation itself fits in accordance with Moore's Law, "[a]s technological revolutions increase their social impact, ethical problems increase". This discussion could lead to a whole other chapter in this book although for the sake of space and keeping this related to Automation, I thought it was merely worthwhile to bring up.

When looking at the ethics behind automation in software development it is nearly impossible to avoid talking about the consequences of automation taking away jobs. This idea has caused a real issue within the workforce known as automation anxiety. It is a concept that started off in the 60’s and was based on the idea that having software oriented machinery could be the rise of automation taking over manual labor jobs. Though this article and history itself largely spoke on machinery automation it is not too far-fetched to think that with the advancements of technology the possibilities of automation may be extended into many other fields. I mean even looking at the automation scripts which I have written, they took away the need for a person on the cyber defense engineering operations team to manually do these daily checks and that was coming off a beginner like myself. Although there are many positions that have far too many variables to consider automation it is not too farfetched to think that automation accompanied with AI may be a potential threat to the workforce in the future. Why would a worker want to pay someone if they know a software will run it at maximum efficiency with little to no errors? This is a real concern for unemployment that may be considered when considering the role of automation.


text:
User talk:2620:F3:8000:5050:3D2E:8351:C20A:867F

Please be careful with the links you are adding to Information Technology and Ethics. Make sure the links point to pages within the Information Technology and Ethics book and not to separate books. Look at the other links people have already created on that page to help you.--Xania   talk 07:01, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

Identical pages
Information Technology and Ethics/Automation in Software Development and Information Technology and Ethics/Automation in Software Development2 seem to be identical pages. Why have you created the same page twice? --Xania   talk 07:08, 26 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
Transportation Planning Casebook/Parramatta Road

Summary
Parramatta Road connects the Sydney Central Business District (CBD) and Parramatta, spanning 23 kilometers. As the oldest highway in Australia, its history dates back more than 200 years. In the pre-colonial era, the route was mapped over an ancient path tread by people of the Era and Drug Nations for countless generations. Over the following decades, this route experienced various stages of development, decline, and resurgence. However, the surrounding community has criticized the route for its continuing deterioration, including:

 * Severe Congestion: Speeds are less than 20 km/h for more than 8 hours per day.
 * Noise and Environmental Concerns: Lack of green space, rundown buildings along the road, and noise pollution.
 * Management Issues: The route is managed by ten councils, which makes coordination difficult.

Vehicles
Currently there are around 2.8 million trips on an average weekday to, from, and within the Parramatta Road corridor with speeds less than 20kmph in the peak direction for more than eight hours per day. In March 2020 Transport for NSW updated the traffic lights on Parramatta Road for better sequencing to help the east/west traffic flow and to reduce the congestion caused by north/south movement. However, signaling priority for east/west movement causes vehicles to wait multiple cycles to cross Parramatta Road. Other updates include removing car parking, shortening bus lanes, and changing road space. Despite these changes the road cannot have free flowing movement because of the level of demand.

Cyclists and Pedestrians
Currently there aren’t any bike paths on the road, bicyclists are forced to share road space with automobiles, causing most cyclists use the footpath- obstructing pedestrian movement. Pedestrian movement is also limited by the lack of median strips and sparse pedestrian crossings. Pedestrians also have long wait times due to east/west priority and are forced to be near fast moving and noisy traffic.

Although the footpaths are well maintained there is little greenery and the surface which contributes to the urban heat island effect. The surfaces also repel water and when faced with heavy precipitation causing localized flooding and overflowing sewers.

These limitations on the sidewalk cause limited pedestrian usage causing limited activity for businesses on the road.

Public Transport
Narrow bus lanes do run between Petersham-Leichhardt and Broadway-Railway Square but they are usually blocked by turning traffic and parked cars. The average bus speed in the corridor is 14km/h (well below best practice of 25-30km/h) with the 10km journey into the Sydney CBD from North Burwood taking on average over 40 minutes.

Urban Transformation Strategy
Released in November 2016, the Parramatta Road Corridor Urban Transformation Strategy is the NSW Government’s 30-year plan to drive and inform land use planning and development decisions as well as long-term infrastructure delivery programs in the Parramatta Road Corridor.

The Strategy is supported by an Implementation Tool Kit – four documents used by a range of stakeholders including State and local government. The Strategy and Implementation Tool Kit is given statutory weight through a section 117 Ministerial Direction (Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979). It requires planning authorities, including local councils, to consider the Strategy and Implementation Tool Kit when assessing planning proposals, and ensures the renewal of the Corridor is aligned with infrastructure timing, staging, and funding.

The Guidelines is one of four documents that form the Parramatta Road Corridor Implementation Tool Kit. The Implementation Tool Kit comprises:

1. Implementation Plan 2016 – 2023

2. Planning and Design Guidelines

3. Infrastructure Schedule

4. Urban Amenity Improvement Plan

The Guidelines have been formed by supporting documents, including:

1.     Sydney CBD to Parramatta Strategic Transport Plan (Transport NSW, 2015)

2.     Parramatta Road Corridor Social Infrastructure Analysis Report Volumes 1 and 2 (September, 2015)

3.     Parramatta Road Corridor Precinct Transport Report (September, 2015)

4.     Parramatta Road Corridor Fine Grain Study (September, 2015)

5.     Parramatta Road Corridor Sustainability Implementation Plan and Report (September, 2015)

6.     Parramatta Road Corridor Economic Analysis Report (September, 2015)

The Guidelines provide future controls in local environmental planning and development principles for land within the corridor when rezoning proposal are being considered while not superseding current development controls until the Corridor is rezoned, and DCPs are updated. The Guidelines do not reproduce the requirements of other State policies. If there is any inconsistency between: the Guidelines and the Strategy, the Strategy will prevail.

Transport Planning Principles for Transformation
These are the identified issues for the corridor that are needed to facilitate future development and aim to create a liveable urban environment:

1.     Improve north-south connectivity across Parramatta Road for all road users

2.     Improve street network permeability across the Corridor, particularly for pedestrians and cyclists.

3.     Improve the quality of public transport, walking and cycling networks, access and connectivity to and within Precincts and Frame Areas

4.     Support an improved urban environment with areas designated for greater levels of street activity.

5.     Facilitate local access needs for new development to support the needs of residents and businesses.

6.     Encourage travel behaviour change to discourage car use and support more sustainable travel choices.

Public Transport
Integrated and coordinated planning of the transport network is complex but necessary for the Corridor’s long-term sustainability. A connected Parramatta Road Corridor public transport network – comprising of train, light rail, bus and ferry links in a single system, accessed by walking or by bicycle – provides options to travel to many destinations easily. Easy interchange between modes and services is critical, requiring attractive service frequencies, a supportive ticketing system and simple transfer arrangements.

Future Developments
The Parramatta Road Urban Transformation Program (PRUTP) is the integrated, cross-agency project established by the NSW Government in 2013 to explore, capture and deliver on opportunities for urban transformation along the Corridor, resulting in part from the WestConnex Motorway, and in line with A Plan for Growing Sydney. The PRUTP incorporates:

The approach to public transport planning for the Precincts assumes the implementation of public transport infrastructure that does not currently exist. The Parramatta Light Rail will be over 20 kilometres long, providing reliable public transport to link residential, employment, cultural and education precincts. High frequency services, seven days a week from early in the morning to late night will connect to the wider rail network, bus, ferry, walking and cycling links. The preferred network will include:
 * An Urban Transformation Strategy for the future growth and development of the Parramatta Road Corridor.

 * a core spine linking Precincts within Greater Parramatta including Westmead health precinct, Parramatta CBD and Camellia
 * the replacement of the existing heavy rail service between Camellia and Carlingford with a more frequent light rail service
 * a light rail service through the Camellia renewal area, Sydney Olympic Park and connecting to Strathfield.

 * The Parramatta Road Corridor Fine Grain Study (September 2016) provides a detailed analysis into the heritage items and conservation areas located within the Precincts and the Frame Areas along the Corridor. It identifies the key elements of the existing built form which are significant from a heritage perspective, including consideration of character and fine grain, and innovative ways to celebrate heritage along the Corridor through adaptive re-use opportunities and integration with adjacent new development. The Fine Grain Study is intended to be read closely in conjunction with Planning and Design Guidelines

 * Sydney’s Bus Future includes Parramatta Road as one of Sydney’s key growth corridors to investigate for rapid bus or light rail. The Government has reinforced this position with a condition of consent for the WestConnex M4 East project requiring ‘at least two lanes of Parramatta Road, from Burwood Road to Haberfield, to be solely dedicated for the use of public transport unless an alternative public transport route that provides an improved public transport outcome is approved.’ Transport for NSW is committed to delivering an on-street rapid transit system to support the shared vision for the growth of the Parramatta Road Corridor and cater for future demand in the eastern section of the Corridor, and to reinforce higher-order north-south bus routes between major centres such as Macquarie Park, Burwood and Hurstville. TfNSW is investigating a rapid transit solution that has the capacity, integrated with the heavy rail network and Inner West Light Rail services, to accommodate additional demand over the short to medium term.

The PRUTP incorporates three key deliverables:

 * 1)      an Urban Transformation Strategy for the future growth and development of the Parramatta Road Corridor - set out in the document known as the Parramatta Road Urban Transformation Strategy
 * 2)      a transport infrastructure program for the Corridor – set out in the document known as the Sydney CBD to Parramatta Strategic Transport Plan
 * 3)     a $198 million program of local urban amenity improvement works to deliver tangible public domain improvements to the Corridor aligned with its staged redevelopment – set out in the document known as the Parramatta Road Urban Amenity Improvement Plan.

The Urban Amenity Improvement Program (UAIP) is one of the key government funding initiatives to be delivered under the Parramatta Road Corridor Urban Transformation Program. The UAIP is a $198 million investment program for local amenity works along the Corridor, including streetscape and public domain improvements, walking and active transport infrastructure, and open space and urban plazas. The UAIP aims to accelerate urban renewal and development activity by delivering precinct-based improvements that have the potential to spur a higher level of new housing and commercial development. The UAIP could be rolled out from 2016/17 to 2022/23 and will be the first major component of the broader Parramatta Road Corridor Urban Transformation Program. Decisions on phasing should take into account heritage, low-density areas, environmental overlays, efficient infrastructure rollout and market considerations.

WestConnex provides an opportunity to transform Parramatta Road. This new infrastructure will change traffic volumes in some areas and, in particular, provide an alternative route for trucks and heavy vehicles. This will free up road space for better public transport, improve amenity along Parramatta Road, and encourage walking and cycling. Planning for the transformation of the Parramatta Road Corridor must be done in consideration of the staged delivery of the WestConnex Motorway and respond to the changed conditions along the Corridor. By 2031 a completed WestConnex is expected to remove 4,600 trucks and 20,000 cars per day from Parramatta Road between Concord and Camperdown. Parramatta Road will remain a toll free route for those who choose not to use WestConnex.

WestConnex Motorway Project
The proposed 33 km WestConnex Motorway project is to improve existing services on Paramatta Road corridor by widening existing roads and building new underground tunnels to ease congestion on the existing M4 motorway and result significant changes of traffic mode on parts of Parramatta Road. The WestConnex project is planned to remove about 4,600 trucks and 20,000 cars per day from Parramatta Road between Concord and Camperdown by 2031. WestConnex has three phases involved with Paramatta Road corridor: M4 Widening, M4 East and M4/M5 Link. The WestConnex project also accompanies with urban renewal project alongside Paramatta Road corridor to redevelop and provide sustainable, affordable, good quality medium to high density new residential housing which integrates with good public transport infrastructure. The urban amenity improvement to improve and enhance living environment alongside Paramatta Road corridor is also an important component of WestConnex, which includes tree planting and improved landscaping, redesigning and improving street furniture and signage, new footpaths and cycle paths, reducing clutter by moving cabling to underground, as well as any kinds of road improvement works.

Proposed Guide Electric Vehicle
The Inner West and City of Canada Bay Councils have entrusted consultants Bodhi Alliance Pty Ltd and EDAB Consulting Pty Ltd to release the Parramatta Road Public Transport Opportunities Study to investigate the potential benefits of centre running public transport on Parramatta Road. The study recommends building a Guided Electric Transit (GET) system on the centre of Parramatta Road after comparison of several possible options such as BRT, light rail and metrorail. Guided Electric Transit is a newly developed public transport technology which relies on the cameras of optically guided system to identify the pathway lane markings and steer the carriages. The similar technology is now already adopted in the lane keeping assist system of new cars. Similar to light rail system, GET system is zero-emission environmentally friendly public transport system and can provide far higher carriage capacity than BRT system. However, the construction cost of one GET system is only half of one light rail system, and operation cost is even only half of one BRT system. A GET system can be also quickly installed due to almost no requirement of extra infrastructures. Inner West and City of Canada Bay councils is now asking NSW State government to prepare a feasibility study in consultation with other councils along the Paramatta Road.

Sydney Metro West Project
Sydney Metro West is a new 24 km metro line project with confirmed stations at Westmead, Parramatta, Silverwater, Sydney Olympic Park, North Strathfield, Burwood North, Five Dock, The Bays, Pyrmont and Hunter Street in the Sydney CBD. The major objective of Sydney Metro West is to provide a new underground railway system to connect Greater Parramatta and the Sydney CBD to fulfill and support employment growth and housing supply of this two CBDs and the new communities along the line. The line from Westmead to Five Dock station of Sydney Metro West is majorly parallel to Parramatta Road corridor. The construction of Sydney Metro West project started in 2020 and proposed to be completed in 2030.

Discussion Questions

 * 1) Why WestConnex abandoned the initial proposal of developing the Parramatta road, but building a new pair of tunnels parallel to Parramatta Road instead.
 * 2) What measures can be taken to relieve the congestion on Parramatta Road?
 * 3) Do you think that having all these stakeholders involved is inhibiting Parramatta Roads development?
 * 4) Is simply expanding and widening existing road networks or building new networks the only effective approaches to universally deal with any traffic issues?
 * 5) How urban amenity affect the long-term development of a community?

Additional Readings
NSW Long Term Transport Master Plan. NSW Government (2012).

This document represents the NSW State Government’s overarching strategy for Sydney’s transport future and recognises the importance of the Parramatta Road corridor as the main connection between the Sydney CBD and Western Sydney.

URL: https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/documents/2017/nsw-transport-masterplan-final.pdf

Parramatta Road Public Transport Opportunities Study. Inner West & City of Canada Bay Councils (2017).

This study report was undertaken for the Inner West Council and City of Canada Bay to identify the various constraints, benefits and opportunities of providing a new dedicated enhanced public transport system along Parramatta Road between Sydney CBD and Strathfield

URL: https://www.innerwest.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/808/IWC-Parramatta-Road-PT-Opp-STUDY.pdf.aspx


text:
Cookbook:Egg in a Mist

Ingredients

 * a little butter
 * 4 eggs, separated
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste
 * 1 tablespoon milk
 * 4 oz finely-grated cheese

Procedure

 * 1) Grease a shallow baking dish with butter. Add the egg yolks.
 * 2) Mix in the salt, pepper, milk, and a little of the grated cheese.
 * 3) Whip the egg whites to a stiff froth, and lightly fold in the remaining cheese.
 * 4) Pile the egg white mixture on top of the egg yolks.
 * 5) Bake the whole dish in a moderate oven.

title: Cookbook:Egg in a Mist


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2022/March

Network error when clicking a link while using mobile version
In the External links section of the Haitian Creole book, we have the following link: Haitian Creole Wikipedia ( Haitian Creole Wikipedia ). When I click on it using my desktop Chrome browser, everything is find, but when I click with my tablet or mobile phone, I get this message: '''! An error occurred | GO BACK | There was a network error'''. Any idea what is happening? Peter Chastain (discuss • contribs) 08:07, 6 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I have transferred this to Phabricator. Peter Chastain (discuss • contribs) 09:32, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

Hiding unneeded buttons
So, I found that the MonoBook skin works great on mobile, laying out buttons in a way that they don't overlap at-all. I use the desktop version as it has more buttons and seems to work better on my not-so-great web browser. How could I setup a css/java script file to hide them. Let's say, the "beta" link, which I don't see myself using, as it is the same as pressing "preferences" for me. Which is a waste of space, and makes the page far wider than it needs to be. Thanks, any help would be appreciated. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 20:27, 14 March 2022 (UTC) In addition, I don't want the "contributions" button either. Makes it more confusing than it needs to be. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 20:30, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

 * One easy fix might be to select mobile view for your desktop device. At the very bottom of every page on Wikibooks there is a "mobile view" link for the page. If you click on that you can get the mobile view even on desktop devices. If the mobile view is good for you this might be all you need to do. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:33, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm on a mobile device. The mobile view doesn't work on my ("experimental", apparently) web browser that well. For e.g, I cannot press "edit page" or "add discussion". Instead, I either press nothing or page history. Only "edit section" works. The desktop view works though, with more nice buttons (like recent changes), but there are some buttons I don't really need. If it's too hard to hide them, then it's not too much of an issue. If it only requires learning css and/or j.s., then I'll look forward to it - sounds like it would be fun (and it may even help me with the game I am making!). L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 07:16, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how to do this. Your best bet might be to ask non-locally. w:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical) is a great place to ask advanced technical questions. Since all the wikis use the same software what is applicable there might also be applicable here. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 11:34, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I even had a look at other scripts and css pages of other users for more de-cluttering. The interface looks much nicer and simpler now. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 22:45, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

2017 source edit
Anyone know what this tag means? I keep seeing it pop up in Recent Changes but can't see it mentioned on Special: Tags.--Xania talk 08:45, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I've seen something in Special:Preferences but I don't remember where. It said something like "this is sometimes called the 2010 source editor". I'm not certain, but I guess this tag could be the source editor from 2017? (Probably not actually helpful, but it's better than nothing, right?) L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 09:09, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It appears as if the visible name of tags and the actual name are different. "mw-undo" is "Undo", for example. It's non-visible name is "visualeditor-wikitext". Hope that helps. L10nM4st3r - Roar at me / what my paws scratched 09:20, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ah of course. That helps thanks.--Xania [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]][[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]]talk 09:28, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Hubs Dialogue Findings Summary
Hello; After conducting conversations with many Wikimedians from around the world, who are planning or working on possible future hubs, we are happy to share the from the series of the Hubs Dialogue, which you can find here. The results focus on the aspect of the existing problems in the Wikimedia movement that the hubs may be needed to solve, including both: 1. globally shared needs among all Wikimedia communities, and 2. needs specific to the context of a particular community or a group of communities.

Movement Strategy and Governance Team Wikimedia Foundation --Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 11:58, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Visitor numbers
Hello. Since February 2022 visitor numbers increase on many Wikibooks projects. Fox example, |en.wikibooks.org|fr.wikibooks.org|de.wikibooks.org|es.wikibooks.org this chart is about en, it, es, de, fr. Have you any idea why visitor numbers increase during these weeks? --Hippias (discuss • contribs) 14:20, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure really why. But sometimes changes occur when modes of collecting data changes. All numbers are estimated and based on different analysis metrics, if these change at all they can sometimes lead to perceived changes in site views. This might be the case here, but I don't really know if this is the reason. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 00:42, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Square buttons in View History
Hi, at Help:Tracking_changes we see two columns of circular buttons used to mark revisions for comparison. Good. I understand that. Firefox here displays a third column of squares immediately right of the circular buttons. What is the purpose of the square buttons? Thx, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 16:08, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

 * The reason is, if you check a box you can then click on the "Edit tags of selected revisions" tab towards the top of the page. If you have an admin account you can also use it to change a revision visibility. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 21:40, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks Jules. To my understanding, I don't need those capabilities, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 01:34, 11 March 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow
International photographic contest Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners.

(Facebook, Twitter , Instagram)

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your local Wikipedia is participating

A special competition called Wiki Loves Falles is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and Falles in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on Catalan Wikipedia project page.

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team MediaWiki message delivery (discuss • contribs) 14:40, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement •

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the Leadership Development Working Group initiative. A summary of the feedback can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please review the information about the working group, share with community members who might be interested, and apply if you are interested.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team

Mervat (WMF) 09:21, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022

 * ''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote •

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the revised enforcement guidelines of the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) is now open! Voting commenced on SecurePoll on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please read more on the voter information and eligibility details.

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can read more about the UCoC project.

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocprojectwikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation

MediaWiki message delivery (discuss • contribs) 10:22, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Update on Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification vote (as of 17 March)
Hi all,

With a little under 4 days left in the poll, I can share that there are 1518 voters as of 17 March 21:00 UTC, and there was no voters with a home wiki registration of en.wikibooks.

While I'm keeping in mind that homewiki isn't always indicative of where an editor is active, I want to remind everyone that local opinions are sought in this global decision. Even if your homewiki is not enWikibooks, commenting on the guidelines from the perspective of this project will be beneficial.

Here are some of the other votership numbers:

The poll can be accessed locally here: Special:SecurePoll/vote/378.

Let me know if you have any questions. --Mervat (WMF) (talk) 15:36, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Join the Community Resilience and Sustainability Conversation Hour with Maggie Dennis

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours/Office hours 2022-03-24/Announcement •

The Community Resilience and Sustainability team at the Wikimedia Foundation is hosting a conversation hour led by its Vice President Maggie Dennis.

Topics within scope for this call include Movement Strategy, Board Governance, Trust and Safety, the Universal Code of Conduct, Community Development, and Human Rights. Come with your questions and feedback, and let's talk! You can also send us your questions in advance.

The meeting will be on 24 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC (check your local time).

You can read details on Meta-wiki. --Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 19:11, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Leadership Development Working Group: Reminder to apply by 10 April 2022

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.
 *  m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement/Reminder •

Hello everyone,

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Working Group. The purpose of the working group is to advise leadership development work. Feedback was collected in February 2022 and a summary of the feedback is on Meta-wiki. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and is closing soon on April 10, 2022. Please review the information about the working group, share with community members who might be interested, and apply if you are interested.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team  --Mervat (WMF) (discuss • contribs) 12:40, 28 March 2022 (UTC)


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Cardiovascular Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Infective Endocarditis
 * Sepsis
 * Septic Shock


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Neurologic Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Brain Abscess
 * Meningitis


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Head and Neck Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * For Eye Infections, please see ../Ophthalmologic Infections/
 * For Oral Infections, please see ../Gastrointestinal Infections/

Facial Infections

 * Periorbital Cellulitis

Ear Infections

 * Otitis Externa
 * Otitis Media

Nasal and Sinus Infections

 * Sinusitis


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Respiratory Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Empyema
 * Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)
 * Bacterial Pneumonia
 * Bronchitis (mostly viral)
 * Bronchiectasis
 * Lung Abscess
 * Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Genitourinary Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB)
 * Cystitis
 * Prostatitis
 * Acute Prostatitis
 * Chronic Prostatitis
 * Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Gastrointestinal Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Food Poisoning
 * Gastroenteritis
 * Liver Abscess


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Dermatologic Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Bite Wounds
 * Cellulitis
 * Tinea Vesicolor


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Musculoskeletal Infections

The ABIM ID blueprint does not elaborate on which specific Bacterial will be tested. As such, please understand that this page is filled with topics that the Wikibook author(s) believe are likely to be high-yield based on their knowledge, and not strictly based on the ABIM blueprint.

 * Myositis
 * Necrotizing Fasciitis
 * Septic Arthritis
 * Prosthetic Joint Infection


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)

Photochromogen

 * Mycobacterium kansasii
 * Mycobacterium marinum
 * Mycobacterium haemophilum

Scotochromogen

 * Mycobacterium gordonae
 * Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
 * Mycobacterium szulgai

Nonchromogen

 * Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
 * Mycobacterium ulcerans

Rapid Growers (<7d)

 * Mycobacterium fortuitum
 * Mycobacterium abscessus
 * Mycobacterium chelonae


text:
User talk:Ftcampus02

You cannot edit indefinitely due to disruptive editing. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--Xania   talk 14:01, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ftcampus02


text: User talk:168.69.254.245

title: User talk:168.69.254.245


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium kansasii


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium marinum


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium haemophilum


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium gordonae


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium scrofulaceum


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium szulgai


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium ulcerans


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium fortuitum


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium abscessus


text: ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Mycobacterium/Non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM)/Mycobacterium chelonae


text: ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/Complications of HIV/Opportunistic Infections (OIs)/OI Prevention


text:
ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/Complications of HIV/Opportunistic Infections (OIs)/When to start HIV therapy in context of active OIs

 * See also IRIS


text:
Talk:Information Technology and Ethics/Role of Ethics in Risk Management

This chapter was significantly updated in April of 2023 by Illinois Institute of Technology ITMM 485/585 students. Yellow Team: Vincenzo Fasano, Joshua Plimpton, Bhargava Reddy Kikkuru, Presley George, Alaa Al Saad


text: Template:NumBlk/sandbox

title: Template:NumBlk/sandbox


text:
ID Board Review/Endemic Areas

This page is dedicated to help build differentials in part based on endemic areas and travel. Areas are organized by continent. Because the ABIM Certification Exam is designed for physicians in the United States, special attention is paid to the regional geography of the U.S.A.

title: ID Board Review/Endemic Areas


text:
ID Board Review/Practice Questions

This area is to help fellows practice writing and answering high yield ID questions. Some empty pages have been left below. Please write questions as multiple choice (A-D), and leave the answer, with an explanation in the Question's "Discussion" Section

If more pages for questions need to be added here, simply click the "Edit" tab at the top, then type: /Question X/ on the next open line to make a new empty page. Please be sure to put so that the new question is cataloged by Wikibooks correctly. NOTE: Please do not copy and paste questions from question banks as they are protected by licensing. These questions should be original work so that they can be shared here freely.

 * /Question 1/ (blank)
 * /Question 2/ (blank)
 * /Question 3/ (blank)
 * /Question 4/ (blank)
 * /Question 5/ (blank)
 * /Question 6/ (blank)
 * /Question 7/ (blank)
 * /Question 8/ (blank)
 * /Question 9/ (blank)
 * /Question 10/ (blank)

title: ID Board Review/Practice Questions


text:
ID Board Review/Ambiguous Topics

This page is dedicated to help re-contextualize some of the topics from the ABIM blueprint and fill in any gaps. While the Blueprint is helpful in determining what topics can and likely will be covered on the test, it is not the easiest way to learn about patient workups and diagnoses. Treatment regimens and workups are often based on clinical presentations (e.g. CAP, HCAP, VAP, etc) and empirical treatments rather than pathogen morphology (which is how the blueprint is written).

 * Endocarditis
 * Meningitis
 * /Pneumonia/
 * /Sexually Transmitted Diseases/

title: ID Board Review/Ambiguous Topics


text:
User talk:2601:240:E000:FB10:416E:7D6D:F194:942F

StoryBots Classroom (Google Sites) has been deleted. A page with a similar name was also recently deleted. Please do not recreate it. It is not suitable on Wikibooks because it is not a book. Please read about what this project is about before you create any more pages.--Xania   talk 03:44, 27 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:168.9.35.214

--Xania   talk 03:49, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:168.9.35.214


text: User talk:Dfvn fbgbgbgbgbgb

title: User talk:Dfvn fbgbgbgbgbgb


text:
Template:Bcode/styles.css

.__bcode_examplenote{display:inline-block; font-size: smaller; }

title: Template:Bcode/styles.css


text:
User talk:Sources of India

A page you recently created, Varun Dave, has been deleted. This is Wikibooks - not Wikipedia - encyclopedic articles do not belong on this project. Thank you for your edits.--Xania   talk 10:46, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sources of India


text: Minecraft/Guardian

title: Minecraft/Guardian


text:
Template:Minecraft/water dwelling

Prefers water

This mob prefers to stay in water, but can survive on land, just with reduced mobility.

title: Template:Minecraft/water dwelling


text: Category:Book:Minecraft

title: Category:Book:Minecraft


text:
User talk:41.115.5.6

--Xania   talk 14:04, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.115.5.6


text:
ID Board Review/Ambiguous Topics/Pneumonia

Etiology Specific Pneumonias

 * Viral Pneumonia
 * Bacterial Pneumonia
 * Noninfectious Pneumonias
 * Eosinophilic Pneumonia
 * Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Setting Specific Pneumonias

 * Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
 * Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)
 * Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)


text:
ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Respiratory Infections/Bacterial Pneumonia

 * See also Community Acquired Pneumonia, as well as Healthcare Associated Pneumonia


text:
ID Board Review/Fungi/Dematiaceous Molds/Scedosporium apiospermum

General

 * S. apiospermum is the asexual form (anamorph) of Pseudallescheria boydii


text:
ID Board Review/Fungi/Dematiaceous Molds/Pseudallescheria Boydii

General

 * Pseudallescheria boydii is the sexual form of Scedosporium apiospermum


text:
User talk:Leonidlednev

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Leonidlednev!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:51, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leonidlednev


text:
User talk:খাত্তাব হাসান

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, খাত্তাব হাসান!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:57, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:খাত্তাব হাসান


text:
User talk:ReDegree

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, ReDegree!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:58, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:ReDegree


text:
User talk:Ravensfire

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Ravensfire!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:00, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ravensfire


text:
User talk:Npwikinp

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Npwikinp!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

Thanks for your contributions -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:39, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Npwikinp