text:
User talk:StephanSp3

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, StephanSp3!

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I know you've been contributing for a while, but never welcomed, so here it is. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 15:46, 7 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:StephanSp3


text:
Applied Programming/Internet Data

HTML
What is it?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript).

"Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.

HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such as, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Explanation:
 * The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
 * The element is the root element of an HTML page
 * The element contains meta information about the HTML page
 * The element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
 * The element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 * The  element is used to group content and can be later styled by CSS
 * The  element defines a paragraph

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/; also /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format, and data interchange format, that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and array data types (or any other serializable value). It is a very common data format, with a diverse range of applications, such as serving as a replacement for XML in AJAX systems.

JSON is a language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. The official Internet media type for JSON is. JSON filenames use the extension.

JSON grew out of a need for stateless, real-time server-to-browser communication protocol without using browser plugins such as Flash or Java applets, the dominant methods used in the early 2000s. JSON is very similar to the JavaScript and is even derived from the programming language. This doesn't mean JSON is exclusive to the JavaScript language and many languages have importable libraries in order to process and parse JSON files.

The following example shows a possible JSON representation describing a person.

Activities

 * 1) See http://open-notify.org/Open-Notify-API/ISS-Location-Now/ and https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/timezone/overview - Create a program that displays the current coordinates for the International Space Station. Using those coordinates, display the current time in that location.
 * 2) See https://freegeoip.app/ and http://www.7timer.info/doc.php?lang=en#getting_forecast. Create a program the retrieve's the user's current location and displays the forecast in that location.
 * 3) See https://agify.io/, https://nationalize.io/. Create a program that allows a user to enter their name and display their predicted age an nationality. Display the probability of each as well.

Key Terms
Application programming interface (API) - Allows two applications to communicate with one another to access data. Every action you take on your phone, like sending a direct message or checking the score of the baseball game, uses an API to access and deliver that information.

Attribute - A specification that defines a property of an object, element, or file. It may also refer to or set the specific value for a given instance of such.

Browser - Receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages.

Document type declaration (DTD) - Informs the web browser about the type and version of HTML used in building the web document.

Element - An element is a logical document component that either begins with a start-tag and ends with a matching end-tag or consists only of an empty-element tag. The characters between the start-tag and end-tag, if any, are the element's content, and may contain markup, including other elements, which are called child elements.

HTML - HyperText Markup Language, or HTML(HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

JSON - An open standard file format, and data interchange format, that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and array data types (or any other serializable value).

Markup language - A computer language that consists of easily understood keywords, names, or tags that help format the overall view of a page and the data it contains. Some examples of a markup language are BBC, HTML, SGML, and XML.

MIME - Permits users to send non ASCII-based text attachments, and non-text files (e.g., compressed file, sound file, graphic file, document file, or video file) in an e-mail message.

Node - A structure which may contain a value or a condition or represent an entirely separate data structure.

Query string - Part of a uniform resource locator (URL) that assigns values to specified parameters. A query string commonly includes fields added to a base URL by a Web browser or other client application, for example as part of an HTML form.

REST - (Representational State Transfer) is designed to take advantage of existing protocols. While REST can be used over nearly any protocol, it usually takes advantage of HTTP when used for Web APIs.

Serialization - The process of translating a data structure or object state into a format that can be stored (for example, in a file or memory data buffer) or transmitted (for example, across a computer network) and reconstructed later (possibly in a different computer environment).

Tag - A markup construct that begins with.

Tree - A hierarchical data structure comprised of nodes with a single element, known as the root, on the highest or topmost layer. Both HTML and XML documents are best represented as trees.

XML - Extensible Markup Language, a language that generalizes the marking up of documents, so users can define their own semantics.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Applied Programming/Internet Data


text: Category:Subject:Shogi

title: Category:Subject:Shogi


text: Subject:Shogi

title: Subject:Shogi


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2021/February

A question about Shelf:Electronic games
In the description of the shelf it’s written: "Books on this shelf deal with electronic games: games that employ electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video games are the most common form of electronic game today, and for this reason the terms are often mistakenly used synonymously. Books include information on the cultural significance of specific electronic games, and application of electronic games as learning and education tools. Games in a series should be part of the same book. Wikibooks is not for walkthroughs and strategy guides—use StrategyWiki instead." And in What_is_Wikibooks%23Wikibooks_is_not_for_video_game_strategy_guides, it’s written: "Wikibooks is not for video game strategy guides and walk-throughs. Walk-throughs and strategy guides for video games are not acceptable instructional materials for, and do not belong on Wikibooks. However, other books about video games, such as scholarly analysis of video games or guides on the design of video games, are allowed here.  One place for writing strategy guides is StrategyWiki." My question is: if I want to write a book about villagers in Minecraft or a Minecraft mod, am I allowed to? And if I want to write a book about the history of a Minecraft server (like it’s players, it’s bases, etc), am I allowed to? It’s written that games in the same series must be in the same book, but this also suggests that you can’t have more than one book about one game but some games have more thank enough information for several books and maybe even deserve their own shelf (in the future when there are several books of course). Thanks in advance, -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 08:11, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm leaning towards the side where this is not allowed on our project, unfortunately. Our policy states, in relation to video games that are allowed: "other books about video games, such as scholarly analysis of video games or guides on the design of video games". I don't believe writing a history page on a Minecraft server, for example Hypixel or McCentral, corresponds to WB policy (scholarly: "involving or relating to serious academic study") - there is no real scholarly study of Minecraft servers, is there? As for writing about Minecraft mods, this might fall under "video game strategy guides".

 * Though, other opinions are welcome... but this is my personal take. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 16:47, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi, thanks for the reply! While I agree that there is no real scholarly analysis of a Minecraft server, in my opinion it has cultural significance (assuming it’s a server with many players that has existed for years of course). And about the mods it’s a bit ambiguous in my opinion - there’s a mod called computercraft which adds programmable computers. Is a book about programming in this mod allowed? Also is a book about command blocks in Minecraft allowed because it would be a serious book. There are many books about state goes for board games, and I get that board games are considered intellectual and video games not but they also have a large cultural significance. -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 14:09, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I very strongly believe that the history a specific Minecraft server is out of scope. Many similar things have been deleted before usually under the "not a webhost" criteria actually. That's because they are of no more significance than, say, your personal achievements in Pokemon Go or your holidays after the last 10 years. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 14:59, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * In my opinion video games have a huge cultural significance and are underrepresented in Wikibooks. While the history of a Minecraft server might be a bit out of scope (I still think it would be nice especially since there are entire YouTube channels dedicated to preserving the history of a Minecraft server, mostly anarchy servers), I think Wikibooks should start allowing strategy guides for video games especially since strategy guides for board games are allowed. That kind of content would grow quickly an I think it’s a wasted potential of Wikibooks. Also Wikimedia foundation seeks to be a collection of all human knowledge, and it won’t be complete without this. -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 11:55, 29 December 2020 (UTC)
 * As it seems to fit under "learning objectives", might I suggest you look into Wikiversity? There also is a minecraft page on Wikiversity where you may add histories of Minecraft servers under it. I believe here your contributions will be more accepted within WV rather than WB, judging from this discussion and WB:What is Wikibooks?. —Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 18:35, 29 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi, thank you very much for the reply! I looked in to Wikiversity a bit, and while in What Wikiversity is not it’s not anything that forbids that sort of content, in What is Wikiversity it’s written: "However, if it's suitable for a textbook, it's best to add it at Wikibooks". It’s a bit confusing for me because my logic tells that Wikiversity is for academic resources and Wikibooks is for other books. It’s kinda weird that Wikibooks has stricter rules. -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 15:32, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Btw, to everyone out there, if you would like to reply I would greatly appreciate if you typed that way it will notify me. Thanks in advance, -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 19:50, 2 January 2021 (UTC)

Some snippets of history might help put the policies into perspective. I wasn't here yet when either of these things happened.
 * Because Wikibooks came down against original research —so I was told, years ago— those Wikibookians who wanted to do those sorts of things went off and founded Wikiversity. This seems an overly simplistic creation story for Wikiversity; I suspect it may be approximately true as far as it goes, but once they actually went off to create another wikimedian sister, the new sister broke new ground in the on-going process of self-invention.  I've never properly understood Wikiversity, tbh; I "get" Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wikinews, on a sort of spectrum, but then Wikiversity doesn't fit into that scheme at all.  Their project documentation has never helped me much, either, though I feel some glimmer of understanding from this item at What Wikiversity is not: "[Wikiversity is not a] static project: Every day brings new people, new ideas, and new ways of doing things.  Wikiversity will continue to change and develop to meet the needs of the Wikiversity community."  Although there are some Wikibookians here also involved at Wikiversity (I'm not one of them), the Wikibooks institutional notion of Wikiversity is still "the place where they'll take original research that doesn't belong here", and I've the impression we've sometimes annoyed the good folks at Wikiversity by sending some of our rejected materials thataway from here that don't belong there either.
 * Jimmy Wales came to Wikibooks (so I was told) a few years into the Wikibooks project and pronounced from on high that, henceforth, Wikibooks would not accept anything that could be put on StrategyWiki. The account I read indicated some resentment of this, and noted that Jimmy had more sway here in the early days.  I've looked about in our archives on this one, and it looks like it may be a bit more complicated than that.  Like, there was a suggestion that the Foundation had a part in it because some of the materials hosted here in the early days were perceived —or perhaps I mean claimed— to maybe threaten our non-profit status.  Here is a discussion that went on in 2007 (which to me is still ancient history), on what at the time was called the Staff Lounge though later became the reading room:
 * Reading room/Archives/2007/June

--Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 01:22, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
 * It might be worth adding that Jimbo Wales himself seemed to have initiated the policy with this edit here: Special:Diff/434945 "Wikibooks is not a repository for video game manuals" which became "Wikibooks is not for video game strategy guides". And with Special:Diff/468012, talking about "game walkthroughs and manuals", he claimed "The issue here is not about me not liking them, the issue is that the Wikimedia Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non profit organization which was approved as such by application to the US Government based on a particular charter of operations, and we have NO CHOICE but to follow that charter. If we expanded the mission of Wikibooks to include things which are outside the scope of our charter, we would lose our tax exempt status and place the entire project in peril, including Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and everything else."
 * But I can't understand how It is inconsistent with the charter, and this hasn't been brought up as far as I'm aware. We have extensive guides to board games at Shelf:Recreational activities. This includes Chess, Chess Strategy, and Chess Opening Theory, all books with considerable amounts of strategy for a recreational game. So how come does making a game electronic suddenly make it incompatible with the charter? If I was to write the book Computer chess strategy would that not be allowed? As Mr. Spock would say "Highly illogical, captain". -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:16, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the distinction is that chess isn't owned by a particular company. This however would seem to raise concerns over wiibook Monopoly. --00:32, 4 January 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pi zero (talk • contribs)
 * Well I think that's unlikely as the distinction from the onset was for video games. No mentions of other types of games were made in either of his edits, or later on. I would note that he mentions that "They belong at Wikia, or a generic wiki host"; Wikia, now known as Fandom, is a commercial wiki platform that Wales founded and was deeply involved with; unfortunately this suggests a rather obvious possible conflict of interest, although perhaps it is merely coincidental. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 01:24, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, the person who first recounted those events to me rather implied Jimmy's motives were suspect. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 03:04, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Well whatever the motives, looking through the diffs it did cause a certain amount of consternation at the time; I feel this was mainly due to the somewheat artificial distinction between video games and other types of games. If there had been a blanket prohibition of books concerning games this would have been a lot more understandable, but this was never the case, so the policy felt illogical. So we've inherited a somewhat confused policy in regard to video game books generally being discouraged. Personally I think its a great shame, as it may have helped Wikibooks maintain a more active and vibrant community. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 10:30, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * That's been remarked on, over the years, that people could get very interested in these subjects, which is also presumably why they are also likely targets for a site with a profit motive. Taking the matter from a crowdsourcing perspective, we don't want a book that's substantially a pile of proprietary information — and a commercially marketed electronic game is usually going to be just that, a vast complex of tactical details all specifically programmed in by the proprietor. Thus, a walkthrough for such a game is going to simply describe details the proprietor programmed in one by one.  That's kind of like a page-by-page paraphrase of an entire copyrighted book.  And, even if the game is open-source, the content of a walkthrough is arguably just a different form of the source code. So there really are some difficulties here that, in practice, are much more likely to pertain to electronic games than to other types of games.  Which is not to say that "no electronic-game walkthroughs or strategy guides" is necessarily the best way to describe what the policy ought to be saying.  And we would like to work out a type of book that meets our objectives, doesn't lend itself to turning into a paraphrase of source-code, but does harness some of that fan enthusiasm.  We do, after all, have featured book Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:02, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree that its something that might need caution. But you can go on StrategyWiki and create a walkthrough for any video game you like, without obvious problems; so perhaps potential pitfalls of copyright are not as onerous as you might think. Whether propritary systems should be described is an interesting question, although they do exist on Wikibooks, such as C Sharp Programming; C# is mostly a proprietary language (the license is fairly liberal, but it belongs to Microsoft). -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:57, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the replies, I really didn’t expect such a long discussion. While I agree that walkthrough of a video game would require many screenshots and would be problematic because of copyright, I really don’t see why making a strategy guide for Starcraft (just an example) is different from making a strategy guide for monopoly. Also, because wikimedia wants to be a complete collection of all human knowledge, it doesn’t make sense for me that they direct you to a project that is not run by wikimedia (strategywiki). Also, going back to the history of a Minecraft server (I think I used Minecraft to much in this discussion, kinda makes it look like that’s the only game I know), I think that would fit in scholarly analysis since it’s about the culture of that sever. Also, it would involve going through documentations videos of youtubers, and putting all the information together in one book. Returning to strategy guides, it disappointed me quite a bit when I saw that they are not allowed, because I planned to create a book about the different creatures in ARK (those creatures in real life, if it’s a page about a T-Rex, so a chapter about T-Rexes in general, information about this creature in the game, and useful information about fighting and/or taming this creature and also how it can be used). I hope this makes it clear why I started this discussion in first place. Now that I know that video game strategies where not only allowed in the past, but where also written before they got deleted I really don’t know what should be done with those ideas. -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 13:27, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Also just curious, does Archive bot archive the discussions 60 days after the post was initially written or 60 days after the last reply was written? Thanks in advance, -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 13:30, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * After the most recent reply, I believe. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 14:32, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Excuse me, I didn’t quite get what you were trying to say. -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 15:26, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * It's my impression that the archive bot judges the date of a section by the latest date anywhere in the section. The bot doesn't look at the revision history of the page; it's possible, last I knew, to "spike" a thread so it won't be archived for a long, long time by putting a future date in it. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 15:47, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I see, thank you very much! -ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs) 16:03, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Sorry for getting in here late. I just noticed this post and wanted to leave some of my thoughts on this topic, in case they are useful to others.
 * Increasingly games are used in school environments as a teaching tool. I’m not sure if this justifies their inclusion here or not.
 * As for copyright and images, GameFAQs made it big off of user submitted .txt files back in the day. Of course modern standards are higher, but there are a surprising number of developers willing to share gameplay screenshots to Wikimedia Commons, OTRS ticket and all. There is also a genre of guides which omit spoilers, which may be more likely to omit information that may be problematic.
 * Furthermore there are a number of free and open source games where (Given a compatible license), this issue of copyright becomes a moot point. The authors of books like 0 A.D. shouldn’t have to preface their book with a disclaimer about the issue if they want to contribute original content for the betterment of Wikibooks as a project.
 * Finally, I believe such guides could be a draw to Wikibooks, just like how school libraries add comics and graphic novels to their collections in hopes that otherwise reluctant readers will migrate to other topics in their collections.
 * In short, I believe such guides should be allowed on a trial basis. If it doesn’t work out, Wikibooks can always go back to the way things were.
 * As a somewhat related sidenote - There is technically a distinction between a strategy guide and a walkthrough, though they are often used interchangeably, and indeed are often combined into the same document. A walkthrough is fairly often a straightforward guide through a game from start to finish. Strategy guides are a different, because some games have many different approaches to play. That is to say you could have a strategy guide for Chess, but not a walkthrough. I would assume that a Strategy Guide has more educational value than a plain walkthrough.
 * --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs)
 * , pinging all users who participated in this discussion (hope I didn’t miss anybody). I stumbled across a proposal for a new project called Wikigames (the page in meta is called Wikigames (2), it tells that this message has too many links so I had to remove it.) that will include strategy guides as well. I was going to add my username to the list of people interested, but then I decided to check if this info could fit into wikibooks. I agree that walkthroughs would be a bit problematic but I think that strategy guides are fine especially because there are strategy guides for board games so why shouldn’t there be strategy guides for video games? In my opinion video game strategy guides should be allowed in wikibooks or at least in another wikimedia project (maybe wikigames). -Gifnk dlm 2020 (discuss • contribs) 16:25, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
 * You mean this proposal Wikigames (2), correct? --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 16:44, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Exactly -Gifnk dlm 2020 (discuss • contribs) 17:35, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Looking at that Meta proposal, I see a compelling reason to allow some of those strategy game books here. I think we open a new discussion on Proposals for that though. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 18:24, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
 * , do you plan to submit this proposal or should I do this? Also, in your opinion, which game strtegy guides should fit here and which in wikigames? -Gifnk dlm 2020 (discuss • contribs) 13:03, 25 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it's best if you start the proposal, then it would be easy for us to find out what exactly you have in mind. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 14:26, 25 January 2021 (UTC)
 * , I know that a lot of time has passed, but I opened a new discussion on proposals for this. Thank you very much! -Gifnk dlm 2020 (discuss • contribs) 08:52, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * To add to this, would a Guide on setting up a Minecraft server (server administration) be considered valid material for WikiBooks? It's not an actual gameplay guide but is related to it. [Please ping in replies] BEANS X2 (discuss • contribs) 13:52, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
 * That looks fine to me, as it's the discussion of a piece of software. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 20:15, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Folklore 2021 is back!
You are humbly invited to participate in the Wiki Loves Folklore 2021 an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the 1st till the 28th of February.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and submitting them in this commons contest.

Please support us in translating the project page and a |one-line banner message to help us spread the word in your native language.

Kind regards,

Wiki loves Folklore International Team

MediaWiki message delivery (discuss • contribs) 13:25, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

Importing Template ColorBox to Wikibooks
I found out that during my edit for Wikijunior:Asia, I found out that this template : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Colorbox (to be used for catergorised each country to their specific regions) is not available for Wikibooks. Could admins import this template here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Encik Tekateki (talk • contribs) 04:22, 13 February 2021 (UTC)
 * To me, it looks as if the en.wp version is somewhat neater than the Commons version (which was forked from en.wp in 2011); shall we go with the en.wp version, or do you have some reason to prefer the one from Commons? --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 13:41, 13 February 2021 (UTC)
 * It is ok too, as long as Wikibooks have this templates . Cant wait for it to be implemented in Wikibooks. Thanks Pi Zero
 * Eagerly awaited by Encik Tekateki (discuss • contribs) 15:59, 14 February 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ Template:Color_box Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 16:45, 14 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi, thank you for import but I highly believed that the Colorbox are strongly dependent on other libraries too. I tested in my sandbox , there are no colour coming out. Also when importing documentations, this hold true as well. Perhaps, we might need to import all of relevant libraries too/see documentations. Sorry for inconveniences caused . Encik Tekateki (discuss • contribs) 04:59, 16 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Can confirm that Colorbox failed to render color for me as well. I had thought I was just misusing it. --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 14:46, 16 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've imported a bunch of en.wiki templates but am stuck with script errors that I'm not sure how to resolve. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 17:48, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

You need to import w:Module:Color contrast (including subpages, in particular w:Module:Color contrast/colors). I think that this is key to getting this to work. I can't see this done at Special:Log/import yet. Also w:Template:Legend/styles.css would be nice. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:25, 16 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I had already imported that module? Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 20:42, 16 February 2021 (UTC)
 * - does it work now? Make sure to purge your cache! Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 20:45, 16 February 2021 (UTC)
 * , it is working now . Thanks again ! Encik Tekateki (discuss • contribs) 00:05, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

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CSS tab-size
In the sandbox I've added style parameters -moz-tab-size and tab-size to the style section at the top of the markup with intention to control the width of tabs. No effect is evident. Can anyone explain or tell how the style should be corrected? Thanks, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 03:31, 19 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi, I'll make the following points:
 * The CSS tab-size property only works if you include tab characters. But looking at your sandbox it seems to mainly consists of space characters. It will therefore have no effect.
 * The best thing to do might be to use a pre tag (or div tag) in combination with margin-left (or padding-left). I would avoid span tags as they should only be used for inline elements. Consider the code below:

 Example text
 * See the wikitext for what I've done. Is this the sort of effect you're after? -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 12:50, 19 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Blanks where tabs should have been was a blunder after a confusing series of tests.
 * I haven't used -moz-tab-size and tab-size properties until now. tab-size alone has no effect in Firefox. Appears that -moz-tab-size is for Firefox and tab-size is for other browsers. The MediaWiki markup will be done by software and a recent revision needs more work. I'm making progress; slowly. Thanks for the help, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 16:42, 19 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've made some small revisions in the MediaWiki module and it produced the current sandbox. tab-size properties now give the intended result. <pre> is invoked by the blank at the left margin. <span> is used to specify font attributes and character vertical offset. The remaining concern: is the present use of span inappropriate? Thanks, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 21:51, 19 February 2021 (UTC)

 Example text with pre style="padding-left: 10em;" Example text with 2 tabs, with pre  Example text with 2 tabs, and pre style="-moz-tab-size: 16; tab-size: 16;" -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 11:50, 20 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well strictly speaking you're meant to use the div tag for "block elements", which is anything from a paragraph and greater. For elements less than a pragraph you're meant to use span. Whether it matters too much is an interesting question, and not one I'm sure about.
 * With pre you can avoid margins by using padding instead, like this example:
 * Yes I've just tested tab-size, you definitely need -moz-tab-size for it to work on my Firefox browser.
 * With a few small changes in my MediaWiki module, the outer <span ...> is changed to <div ...>. An odd result is that font-family: 'Times New Roman' in <div ...> is not respected; the content is rendered san-serif. See the current sandbox. Times-New-Roman in the global span was respected. I don't recognize this as a feature of CSS or a feature of MediaWiki or an obscure interaction between the two. Definitely a means to specify a serif typeface is required. Keeping the global enclosure as a span rather than div is a means.
 * Regarding the distinction of div and span: In a sense, a span encloses sequence of content; whereas a div is a span bounded in some way. A paragraph, for example, is a sequence of content which might be separated from surrounding content by empty lines. In this sense, a div is a specific case of a span.
 * Considering the above two factors, I'm tempted to keep the global span; not make it a div.
 * Thanks for following my tedious ramblings, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 17:59, 20 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Ah I tell you the why you've got problems: invisible pre tags! When the text has spaces in front of it, invisible pre tags (not in the wikicode but in the HTML code of the page) are inserted. Its an annoying feature of the software, and it means your div tags wont work, as the pre styling takes over. For some reason span works, which I don't really understand why.
 * A workaround to doing it is to use TemplateStyles. I have created a style similar to yours at Template:TemplateStyles/Example/styles.css. If you insert the wikicode  it will alter the style to how you like it. Note that you can't include "-moz-tab-size" for some reason, so you have to use space characters instead of tabs.
 * Another way of doing so is to edit the pre tag in Template:TemplateStyles/Oberon/styles.css and alter that instead, and then include that on your page with .  -- Jules  (Mrjulesd) 02:07, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've created a sandbox at User:Mrjulesd/sandbox/2 of what I think you're probably trying to achieve, based on the current contents of your sandbox. It uses the code  to provide styling. Please let me know if this is satisfactory. -- Jules  (Mrjulesd) 14:22, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Actually I've just realized that you can do the same as above with
 * -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 15:16, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * A global pre tag is an interesting alternative to span or div with a blank beginning each line. I'll evaluate the pre alternative more after the four remaining sources are in the book. My current MediaWiki module also handles a flowed page; it isn't restricted to pre format. The tab-size attributes are a valuable improvement. The span tag with tab-size attributes produces correct results. Thanks for the help, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 17:02, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 15:16, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * A global pre tag is an interesting alternative to span or div with a blank beginning each line. I'll evaluate the pre alternative more after the four remaining sources are in the book. My current MediaWiki module also handles a flowed page; it isn't restricted to pre format. The tab-size attributes are a valuable improvement. The span tag with tab-size attributes produces correct results. Thanks for the help, ... PeterEasthope (discuss • contribs) 17:02, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Help Wanted for new project (Annotated Text): "Critique of the 1776 Commission Report"
I'm looking for help on this new book: Critique of the 1776 Commission Report

Specifically, I would like help to implement a process for an innovative book design. I already have the design in mind. I just need to implement it in a way that works in the Wikibooks project and community. So far I have not found any resources on Wikibooks that covers the process of implementing an innovative design. Also -- if you can point me to examples of Wikibooks with innovative design, that would be helpful. I can't see a way to search for that property.

 * By process I mean -- after the initial book design is completed, how is it maintained? How is it modified?  How is it defended from malicious edits?  How do contributors cope with competing designs, if they arise? (For example, if two or more designs aimed to 'dominate' the landing page of the book.)  How do collaborators cope with wiki pages that are outside and orthogonal to the design(s) for the book?

Second, I would like help implementing an Annotated Text. So far I have not found any good examples in Wikibooks. There is the United States Government/The Annotated Constitution of the United States but as far as I can tell there are no annotations any where. Also I can not see any specific design to facilitate annotations, nor is there any instructions or style guide for anyone who might add or edit annotations.

Third, I am very concerned about potential for vandalism, both intentional harm and also just accidents by new people. I could put in all the work to implement an innovative design (creating several templates, several levels of transclusion, etc.) only to have the work 'fall apart' through accidents or malicious acts.

I realize that most Wikibooks have a single contributor and thus such problems don't normally arise. But this book is on a controversial subject, and if someday it becomes widely known and publicized, it could quickly become a target of malicious vandalism similar to what Wikipedia experiences on it's most contested pages. I would like to deal with this risk in the design stage, if possible, rather than solely relying on reactive measures (undo).

Fourth, I will not be the sole author on this. The only way this book will be successfully completed is if several or many historians, students, educators contribute actively -- and nearly all will be new to Wikibooks and most will be new to Wikimedia. I am focusing all my effort to set it up, to design it, and to provide instructions and guidance. My belief is that I need to implement the book design in such a way as to be "idiot-proof". Is that true?

Finally, I am looking for constructive comments and help (specific pointers to information and/or your labor). I'm not looking for "you can't do that" or "not a good idea" or "read the manual".

Thanks. --Russell Cameron Thomas (discuss • contribs) 20:25, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Would creating a static PDF of a reviewed version of your work meet your needs? That way you would get the best of both worlds, and not need administrative action. For example, I can link to a really old static version of the WikiBook US History like so. --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 00:38, 13 February 2021 (UTC)


text:
Active Learning In Virtual Environment/Collaborative note taking

Activity: #in-class/short-term, #group-work

Outline
Students are encouraged to work collaboratively during the lesson or lecture. The activity can be arranged in small groups of up to 5 people. Each student is given a category on which he has to fill in the notes during the class. The simplest way to arrange this assignment would be through Google Docs. Throughout the class students fill in their list of notes which they can later compare with the whole class. Additionally, it brings an opportunity for a student to add some piece of information he overlooked. What is more, the notes added from students contain their own perspective which may differ from their peers. Summing up, collaborative note taking carries the beneficial purpose of exchanging knowledge, comparing and learning at the same time.

Activity arrangement

 * create a Google Docs and add a table to give visual organization
 * each column needs to be assigned for a different category
 * you can divide students into groups or held this activity with the entire class
 * assign one student to a certain category
 * if the activity is held in entire class, students will take turns as official note-takers

Pointers

 * collaborative work
 * opinion exchange
 * ability to be held in a group of any size
 * students feel less overwhelmed as they need to focus on only one category

How to use this method in online class?
As was already mentioned numerous times, the activity can be held through Google Docs which a teacher shares with students. A simple table can be created there in order to organise categories.


text:
User:Sué González Hauck

I am a postdoctoral scholar in public international law,co-editor-in-chief at Völkerrechtsblog and part of the OpenRewi initiative, an initiative based in Germany and devoted to creating open-access textbooks and teaching materials in all areas of law. I am currently contributing as author to a textbook and a casebook on fundamental rights under the German Basic Law in the German version of Wikibooks and co-editing a textbook on public international law.

title: User:Sué González Hauck


text:
Wikibooks:WikiProject OpenRewi - Open Legal Science

Welcome to the WikiProject page of the OpenRewi initiative! Rewi is short for "Rechtswissenschaft", the German word for legal science or legal scholarship. We are an initiative composed mainly of German early-career researchers working in legal academia. Our aim is to produce high-quality open educational resources for students and practitioners of law. With the public international law project, we are currently undergoing a process of internationalisation. Our guidelines and descriptions of various ongoing projects can be found on our website. Questions may be directed at [mailto:pil@openrewi.org pil@openrewi.org].

Textbooks
In the box below you will find an overview of our textbooks and their progress.

Our books are licensed under Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0. You may copy, distribute, or modify content from our books in any medium and format. However, you must give us appropriate credit. Also, if you modify our content, the modification must also be licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. You will find more information in our Instructions for Reuse. If you have any questions, please feel free to [mailto:pil@openrewi.org contact us].

Instructions for Authors
The editors have created a new book on Wikibooks and you have been assigned your own page within said book. These instructions contain your responsibilities as an author as well as our guidelines on didactics and formalities. At the end you will find the technical instructions on how to implement all this on Wikibooks. You can find a detailed manual on how to use Wikibooks here.

Responsibilities as an Author
As an author for OpenRewi - Open Legal Science we ask you to follow these rules:

 * 1) Please respect other people's copyright. Plagiarism is a no-go. We can cite existing textbooks or other sources, but we are not allowed to copy them. If you include materials or parts of materials from your own work at your institution, these should be entirely created by you.
 * 2) Please follow the guidelines on didactics and formalities below.
 * 3) When your article is finished, interested readers can change it or comment on it at any time. As long as you are the official author indicated at the beginning of the article, you are also responsible for responding to these changes and comments in a friendly and constructive manner. If the changes or comments are particularly helpful, you should give credit to the author of said changes or comments in a footnote.

First Steps: Creating Your Own Account
Before you start writing your book chapter, you should:

 * 1) Create an account. You can find information on how to create a Wikibooks account and on why it is useful here.
 * 2) Activate e-mail notifications for changes on your page. To activate e-mail notifications, you can click on "Preferences" at the top right of the Wikibooks page and check the boxes "E-mail me when a page on my watchlist is changed" and "E-mail me also for minor edits of pages". You can add a page to your watchlist by clicking on the little star at the top of the page or by pressing alt-shift-w.

Guides for Authors
Below, you will find our instructions for authors. We ask that you follow these guidelines. This way all OpenRewi books will have a consistent appearance.


text: User talk:190.106.222.63

title: User talk:190.106.222.63


text: User talk:217.73.134.229

title: User talk:217.73.134.229


text:
Control Systems/Eigenvalue Assignment for MIMO Systems

The design of control laws for MIMO systems are more extensive in comparison to SISO systems because the additional inputs ($$q > 1$$) offer more options like defining the Eigenvectors or handling the activity of inputs. This also means that the feedback matrix K for a set of desired Eigenvalues of the closed-loop system is not unique. All presented methods have advantages, disadvantages and certain limitations. This means not all methods can be applied on every possible system and it is important to check which method could be applied on the own considered problem.

= Parametric State Feedback =

A simple approach to find the feedback matrix K can be derived via parametric state feedback (in German: vollständige modale Synthese). A MIMO system

 * $$\dot{x}(t) = A x(t) + B u(t)$$

with input vector

 * $$ u(t) = (u_{1}(t), u_{2}(t), \cdots, u_{q}(t)) = -K ~ x(t) $$

input matrix $$ B \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times q} $$ and feedback matrix $$ K \in \mathbb{R}^{q \times p} $$ is considered. The Eigenvalue problem of the closed-loop system

 * $$\dot{x}(t) = (A - B~K) ~ x(t) = A_{CL} ~ x(t)$$

is noted as

 * $$A_{CL} ~ \tilde{v}_{i} = (A - B~K) ~ \tilde{v}_{i}  = \tilde{\lambda}_{i} ~ \tilde{v}_{i} $$

where $$\tilde{\lambda}_{i} \in \mathbb{C} $$ denote the assigned Eigenvalues and $$\tilde{v}_{i} \in \mathbb{C}^{p}$$ denote the Eigenvectors of the closed-loop system. Next, new parameter vectors $$ \phi_{i} = K \tilde{v}_{i} $$ are introduced and assigned and the Eigenvalue problem is recasted as
 * $$ B~K ~ \tilde{v}_{i} = B ~ \phi_{i} = (A - \tilde{\lambda}_{i} ~ I) ~ \tilde{v}_{i}. $$

Controller synthesis
1. From Equation [1] one defines the Eigenvector with

 * $$ \tilde{v}_{i} = (A - \tilde{\lambda}_{i} ~ I)^{-1} ~ B ~ \phi_{i} $$

2. The new parameter vectors $$ \phi_{i} $$ are concatenated as

 * $$ \Phi = [\phi_{1}, \phi_{2}, \cdots, \phi_{p}] = K [\tilde{v}_{1}, \tilde{v}_{2}, \cdots, \tilde{v}_{p}], $$

where the feedback matrix K can be noted as

 * $$ K = \Phi ~ [\tilde{v}_{1}, \tilde{v}_{2}, \cdots, \tilde{v}_{p}]^{-1}. $$

3. Finally, the Eigenvector definition is used to hold the full description of the feedback matrix with

 * $$ K = [\phi_{1}, \phi_{2}, \cdots, \phi_{p}] ~ [(A - \tilde{\lambda}_{1} ~ I)^{-1} ~ B ~ \phi_{1}, \cdots, (A -  \tilde{\lambda}_{p} ~ I)^{-1} ~ B ~ \phi_{p}]^{-1}. $$

The parameter vectors are defined arbitrarily but have to be linear independent.

Remarks

 * Method works for non-quadratic B
 * Parameter vectors $$\phi_{i}$$ can be chosen arbitrarily

Example
= Singular Value Decomposition and Diagonalization =

If the state matrix $$A \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times p}$$ of system

 * $$\dot{x}(t) = A ~ x(t) + B ~ u(t)$$

is diagonalizable, which means the number of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors are equal, then the transform

 * $$ x = M ~ x_{M} $$

can be used to yield

 * $$ M ~ \dot{x}_{M}(t) = A M ~ x_{M}(t) + B ~ u(t)$$

and further

 * $$ \dot{x}_{M}(t) = M^{-1} A M ~ x_{M}(t) + M^{-1} ~ B ~ u(t).$$

Transformation matrix M contains the Eigenvectors $$v_{i} \in \mathbb{C}^{p}$$ as

 * $$ M = [v_{1}, v_{2}, \cdots, v_{p}]$$

which leads to a new diagonal state matrix

 * $$A_{M} = M^{-1} ~ A ~ M =

\begin{bmatrix} \lambda_{1} \\ & \lambda_{2} \\ & & \ddots \\ & & & \lambda_{p} \end{bmatrix} $$ consisting of Eigenvalues $$\lambda_{i} \in \mathbb{C}$$, and new input

 * $$ u_{M}(t) = M^{-1} ~ B ~ u(t) =

\begin{bmatrix} u_{M,1} \\ u_{M,2} \\ \cdots \\ u_{M,p} \end{bmatrix}.$$

The control law for the new input $$u_{M}$$ is designed as

 * $$u_{M}(t) = -K_{M} x_{M}(t) =

- \begin{bmatrix} K_{M,1} \\ & K_{M,2} \\ & & \ddots \\ & & & K_{M,p} \end{bmatrix} ~ \begin{bmatrix} x_{M,1}(t) \\ x_{M,2}(t) \\ \cdots \\ x_{M,p}(t) \end{bmatrix} $$

and the closed-loop system in new coordinates is noted as

 * $$ \dot{x}_{M}(t) = A_{M} ~ x_{M}(t) + u_{M}(t) = (A_{M} - K_{M}) ~ x_{M}(t) =

\begin{bmatrix} \lambda_{1} - K_{M,1} \\ & \lambda_{2} - K_{M,2} \\ & & \ddots \\ & & & \lambda_{p} - K_{M,p} \end{bmatrix} ~ \begin{bmatrix} x_{M,1}(t) \\ x_{M,2}(t) \\ \cdots \\ x_{M,p}(t) \end{bmatrix} $$

Feedback matrix $$K_{M}$$ can be used to influence or shift each Eigenvalue directly.

In the last step, the new input is transformed backwards to original coordinates to yield the original feedback matrix K. The new input is defined by

 * $$u_{M}(t) = M^{-1} ~ B ~ u(t) $$

and

 * $$u_{M}(t) = -K_{M} ~ x_{M}(t) = -K_{M} ~ M^{-1} ~ x(t).$$

From these formulas one gains the identity

 * $$ M^{-1} ~ B ~ u(t) = -K_{M} ~ M^{-1} ~ x(t) $$

and further

 * $$ u(t) = - B^{-1} ~ M ~ K_{M} ~ M^{-1} ~ x(t) = - K ~ x(t).$$

Therefore, the feedback matrix is found as

 * $$K = B^{-1} ~ M ~ K_{M} ~ M^{-1}. $$

Requirements
This controller design is applicable only if the following requirements are guaranteed.

 * State matrix A is diagonalizable.
 * The number of states and inputs are equal $$p=q$$.
 * Input matrix $$B \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times p}$$ is invertible.

Example
= Sylvester Equation =

This method is taken from the online resource
 * KU Leuven: Chapter 3: State Feedback - Pole Placement (PDF, 308,5 kB) (does not exist anymore).
 * Similar resource: Chapter 4 Pole placement (PDF, 269,3 kB) by Zsófia Lendek

Consider the closed-loop system

 * $$\dot{x}(t) = A ~ x(t) + B ~ u(t) = (A - B ~ K) ~ x(t) = A_{CL} ~ x(t) $$

with input $$ u(t) = -K ~ x(t) $$ and closed-loop state matrix $$A_{CL}=A - B ~ K$$. The desired closed-loop Eigenvalues $$\tilde{\lambda}_{i} \in \mathbb{C}$$ can be chosen real- or complex-valued as $$ \tilde{\lambda}_{i} = \alpha_{i} \pm j \beta_{i} $$ and the matrix of the desired Eigenvalues is noted as

 * $$\Lambda =

\begin{bmatrix} \alpha_{1} & \beta_{1} \\ -\beta_{1} & \alpha_{1} \\ & & \ddots \\ & & & \tilde{\lambda}_{i} \\ & & & & \ddots \end{bmatrix} $$

The closed-loop state matrix $$A_{CL}$$ has to be similar to $$\Lambda$$ as

 * $$ A_{CL} = A - B~K \sim \Lambda $$

which means that there exists a transformation matrix $$M \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times p} $$ such that

 * $$ M^{-1}~A_{CL}~M = M^{-1} ~(A - B~K)~M = \Lambda $$

holds and further

 * $$ A~M - M~\Lambda = B~K~M.$$

An arbitrary Matrix $$G = K~M$$ is introduced and Equation [2] is separated in a Sylvester equation

 * $$ A~M - M~\Lambda = B~G$$

and a feedback matrix formula

 * $$ K = G ~ M^{-1}.$$

Algorithm
1. Choose an arbitrary matrix $$G \in \mathbb{R}^{q \times p}$$.

2. Solve the Sylvester equation for M (numerically).

3. Calculate the feedback matrix K.

Remarks

 * State matrix A and the negative Eigenvalue matrix $$-\Lambda$$ shall not have common Eigenvalues.
 * For some choices of G the computation could fail. Then another G has to be chosen.


text:
User talk:Jinpeng Li Usyd

Note
I have moved your user page to Transportation Deployment Casebook/2021/Florida Streetcar. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 19:08, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jinpeng Li Usyd


text:
Talk:Irish/Lesson Plan

I completely disagree with this proposed lesson plan, it is illogical and unbalanced and does not follow what most other language learning courses do.

My original idea was to have some kind of story with a few characters doing something like visiting Ireland, and introducing grammar concepts along the way, this is how the language books I've used before were. However, Irish is fairly unique in grammar and so on, so needs to be done a little differently. Having an entire unit dedicated to pronunciation doesn't make sense, the best way to get that is with audio and descriptions of mouth shape and the lessons you wrote are heavy going reference style not appropriate for a learning course. I suppose the title 'Irish' could be interpreted multiple ways but most other language books on wikibooks are language learning books like the 'Teach Yourself' series. It would be better to seperate reference-style stuff into something with a title like 'Irish Reference Grammar' and/or 'Introduction to Irish Dialects', and not have it sorted into 'Unit 1/Lesson 1', etc. Complete beginners will be coming to this and seeing an essay on dialects will be of no use to them. Similarly 'Unit 3' is just lists of words, not of much use as dictionaries already exist and each Unit swings wildly from reference to easy going lessons to lists of vocab. This is why I seperated things previously into lessons and reference.

My idea is to do a bit of research on what exactly is B1, etc and then look at how other language learning books on and off wikibooks are, and then base this book off that info, introducing no more than two concepts in each lesson, using characters in realistic situations to help ease the learning and introducing vocab. I have a bit more time now to work on this but I probably won't get it finished by the time I stop. Dalta (discuss • contribs) 23:47, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * My focus will be on continuing and finishing the original Lesson plan rather than undoing Chapka's reorganisation, however if I stay at this long enough, I will undo that eventually too. - Dalta (discuss • contribs) 23:51, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irish/Lesson Plan


text:
User talk:Kristof.engelen

I am new at this (editing wiki pages) and I messed up the edit summary. To make sure the reviewer knows what my motivation was, I will add the summary here: "Removed differentiation with respect to y in the first example to reconcile the expression with equation 9."

title: User talk:Kristof.engelen


text:
Minecraft resource gathering/Diamond

Introduction
Diamonds are one of the most sought-after resources in Minecraft, and is one of the rarest ores. It can be crafted into armor and tools, such as pickaxes.

Location
Diamonds are found deep underground (levels 5 to 12 are best for in version 1.16 and below, while after 1.17, the best place to find them is -20 to -64).

Methods
To mine diamonds, you will need an iron, diamond, or netherite pickaxe (2 or more are recommended, in case one breaks), food, and torches to keep mobs from spawning. It’s recommended to bring a water buckets (in case you fall into lava, a common incident while mining), a crafting table, a shovel for removing dirt and gravel, and a sword and armour in case mobs come. If you are further into the game, you may enchant your tool with "Fortune" (maximum level Fortune III) which gives more diamonds per ore mined (Maximum of 4 items per block of ore mined).

title: Minecraft resource gathering/Diamond


text:
High School Life Science/Female Reproductive System

Female reproductive system

The females reproductive system consists of 8 identified parts witch are as follows:hymen, vagina, cervix, ovary, fallopian tubes (oviduct), uterus, muscle wall of uterus and endometrium lining.Their functions are as follows
 * Hymen- is a fold of skin membrane that stretches across the vagina just behind the opening
 * Vagina- is a passage between the uterus and the outside of the body witch stretches during childbirth
 * Cervix- entrance to the uterus that stretches during childbirth
 * Ovary- produces the egg cells and sex hormones
 * Fallopian tube-is a mascular tube that links the ovary to the uterus

Structure of the ovaries Two ovaries are found in the body of a normal female. A germinal epithelium is a layer surrounding the ovary(layer of cuboidal cells or epithelial cells). An ovary is devided into two; medulla and cortex. Medulla contains supportive structures eg blood vessels. As for the cortex, it consists of the follicles. A follicle is a structure that developed and mature to form ova or eggs. Ovaries are said to be containing immature follicles. A follicle for an ova(1 follicle for 1 ova)

What is a virgin It can either be a male or female who's never been involved in any sexual contact before. In females is shown physically because of the hymen. The hymen is still closely attached together before any intercostal takes place and then the hymen is torn and that person is no longer a virgin.


text:
User talk:Testingitro

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Testingitro!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:08, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Testingitro


text:
User talk:Tahmid

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Tahmid02016!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:16, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tahmid


text:
High School Life Science/Male Reproductive System

Male reproductive system Only a mature male can produce sperm cells. The sperm cells are produced in the testes and store in the epididymis, from the epididymis it travels through the vas deferens(sperm duct) until it reaches the seminal vesicles where it will be supplied with nutrients to keep the sperm alive. The seminal vesicles secretions are alkaline(non-acidic). From the seminal vesicles it reaches the prostate gland where by fluid is added to the sperm mixture. Down the sperm goes until it reaches the cowper's gland where another flui is added to the semen, and down the sperm goes through the urethra untill the last opening.

Parts of the male reproductive system and their functions
 * Scrotum- is a thin skin sac like that covers the sperm and keeps it away from the body in order to avoid high temperatures, say less the temperature of about 2°C less than the normal body temperature.
 * Testis-produce sperm and male sex hormone 'testosterone'.
 * Epididymis-sperms are stored here.
 * Vas diferens-a pipe used by the sperm cells while traveling to the urethra.
 * Seminal vesiclesecretes extra fluids that supply the sperm with nutrients (alkaline secretions).
 * Prostate gland-adds fluid to the sperm mixture.
 * Cowper's gland-adds more fluid to the semen.
 * Urethra-a tube that carries out the mixture of the sperm cells and the semen, also export urine.
 * Penis-becomes hard and erect when the spongy tissue cells of the penis become filled with blood; penis is inserted into the vagina during sexual intercourse; at ejaculation, the sperm in the semen have a good chance of reaching the fallopian tubes of the female
 * Foreskin-loose skin over tip of penis; circumsition is the removal of the foreskin


text:
Citizenship and Nationality/Taiwan

''This is for the Republic of China based in Taiwan after 1949. See also the People's Republic of ../China/ based in Chinese Mainland since 1949.''

Citizenship is based primarily on descent from the father (jus sanguinis).
 * CITIZENSHIP: Based on the Nationality Law of the Republic of China, dated February 5, 1929. (Fully amended on 9 February 2000 and partially amended several times later)

 * BY BIRTH: Birth within the territory of Taiwan does not automatically confer citizenship. Only when a child of unknown parentage is found is citizenship granted. This citizenship is removed, upon legitimization by a foreign parent. (Clause 4 of Article 1 in 1929 Law, Clause 3 of Section 1 of Article 2 in the 2000 Law)

father died before birth. citizenship unless it is contrary to the law of the spouse’s, or children's, original country. is applying together. (Article 7 of the 2000 Law)
 * BY DESCENT:
 * Child whose father is, at the time of that child's birth, a Taiwanese national, even if the
 * Child whose father is unknown or stateless but whose mother is a Taiwanese national. (The 2000 Law would make those born since 10 February 1980 also Taiwanese on descent from the mother.
 * Child born out of wedlock to foreign woman and Taiwanese national father who has been legitimatized (recognized) by the father. (Section 2 of Article 2 of the 1928 Law has been merged into Clause 1 of Section 1 of Article 2 of the 2000 Law.)
 * MARRIAGE: Person who is the foreign wife of a Taiwanese national, except when the law of her own country requires that she retain her original citizenship. foreign spouse who legally lives in Taiwan for 3 years may apply for naturalization. (Article 4 of the 2000 Law)
 * BY NATURALIZATION: Citizenship of Taiwan, Republic of China, can be acquired upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Person has resided in the territory for at least five years, has reached the age of 20 years, is of good character, and has sufficient property or skill to make an independent living. (Article 3 of the 2000 Law)
 * The spouse and non-majority age children of a naturalized citizen acquire the Taiwanese
 * DUAL CITIZENSHIP: NOT RECOGNIZED. (Article 9 of the 2000 Law: Unless born Taiwanese)
 * LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP:
 * VOLUNTARY: Voluntary renunciation of Taiwanese citizenship is permitted for any persons over the age of 20, except for… (Articles 11 and 12 of the 1928 and 2000 Laws)
 * Persons of military age who have not yet performed their service (Certain exemptions apply to certain overseas Taiwanese since the 2000 Law)
 * Persons who are in active military service
 * Persons who hold military or civilian office.
 * INVOLUNTARY: The following is grounds for involuntary loss of Taiwanese citizenship:
 * Voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship. A Taiwanese woman who acquires foreign citizenship through marriage may return to Taiwan as a citizen if the marriage dissolves or she is widowed. (No longer relevant since the 2000 Law.)
 * Naturalized citizen fails to renounce previous citizenship without official exemption. (Section 2 of Article 9 of the 2016 Law)
 * Naturalized citizenship was obtained through fraud or false statement. (Article 19 of the 2000 Law)

title: Citizenship and Nationality/Taiwan


text:
Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/tip misiurewicz

=introduction=

key words definitions
Parts of the parameter plane
 * shrub
 * wake
 * limb
 * Misiurewicz point
 * tip (point) = end point = branch tip = the tip of the spoke = terminal point of the branche = tip of the midget "A point in the Mandelbrot Set that is at the end of a filament (as opposed to a branch point); a point from which there is only one path to other points in the Mandelbrot Set."
 * The first tip = ftip = tip (end point) of the first and longest branch ( first when counting from the left to right)
 * the last tip = ltip = ( last when counting from the left to right)
 * number
 * binary
 * decimal

notation

 * preperiod

=task=
 * find Misiurewicz point
 * preperiod and period
 * c value
 * find angles of external ray that land on it

=algorithms=

Pastor
"the external argument can be calculated as the limit of the arguments of the structural components of the branches 1, 11, 111,..., with periods 4, 5, 6,..., that is, the limit of .(0011), .(00111), .(001111),..., or the limit of .(0100), .(01000), .(010000), .... Hence, ftip(1/3) = .00(1) = .01(0), that are two equal values. "

Claude
Method by Claude

Steps of the algorithm:
 * find angles of the wake
 * find angles of principal Misiurewicz point M
 * find angles of spoke's tips using: "The tip of each spoke is the longest matching prefix of neighbouring angles, with 1 appended"

1/3
3 angles landing on M:

0.001(010)  0.001(100)  0.010(001)

The tip of each spoke is the longest matching prefix of neighbouring angles, with 1 appended

0.001(010) // 9/56 = 0.160(714285) 0.0011    // ltip = 3/16 = 0.1875 0.001(100) // 11/56 = 0.196(428571) 0.01  // ftip = 1/4 = 0.25 0.010(001) // 15/56 = 0.267(857142)

Check with program Mandel : The angle 3/16  or  0011 has  preperiod = 4  and  period = 1. Entropy: e^h = 2^B = λ = 1.59898328 The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 4 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point?

c = -0.017187977338350 +1.037652343793215 i    period = 0

The angle 1/4  or  01 has  preperiod = 2  and  period = 1. Entropy: e^h = 2^B = λ = 1.69562077 The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 2 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point?

M_{2,1) = c = -0.228155493653962 +1.115142508039937 i

The angle 1/6  or  0p01 has  preperiod = 1  and  period = 2. The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 1 and period dividing 2. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point? c = -0.000000000000000 +1.000000000000000 i    period = 10000

=examples=

1/2
$$\begin{cases} 0.(s_-) = 0.(01) = \frac{1}{3 } = 0.(3) = wake    \\ 0.s_-(s_+) = 0.01(10) = \frac{5}{12} = 0.41(6) = PrincipalMis = M_{2,2}\\ 0.01 = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 = tip = M_{1,1} = c = -2\\ 0.s_+(s_-) = 0.10(01) = \frac{7}{12} = 0.58(3) = PrincipalMis = M_{2,2}\\ 0.(s_+) = 0.(10) = \frac{2}{3} = 0.(6)= wake     \\ \end{cases} $$

1/3
$$\begin{cases} 0.(001)_2 = \frac{1}{7} = 0.(142857)_{10} = wake     \\ 0.001(010)_2 = \frac{9}{56} = 0.160(714285) = principle M \\

0.001(100)_2 = \frac{11}{56} = 0.196(428571)= principle M \\ 0.01_2  = \frac{1}{4} = 0.25 = ftip \\ 0.010(001)_2 =\frac{15}{56} = 0.267(857142) = principle M \\ 0.(010)_2 = \frac{2}{7} = 0.(285714) = wake \\ \end{cases} $$

Tips
 * ftip = M_{2,1} = 0.01(0) = 1/4 = c = -0.228155493653962  +1.115142508039937 i
 * ltip ??? (ToDo)
 * $$0.0(01) = \frac{1}{6} = 0.1(6)_{10} = M_{2,1} = c = i$$
 * $$0.0011(0)_2  =\frac{3}{16} = 0.1875 = M_{4,1}$$

The angle 1/4  or  01 has  preperiod = 2  and  period = 1. Entropy: e^h = 2^B = λ = 1.69562077 The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 2 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point? c = -0.228155493653962 +1.115142508039937 i

The angle 1/4  or  01 has  preperiod = 2  and  period = 1. The corresponding dynamic ray lands at a preperiodic point of preperiod 2 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift z to the landing point? z = -0.228155493653962 +1.115142508039937 i

The angle 4/7  or  p100 has  preperiod = 0  and  period = 3. The dynamic ray lands at a repelling or parabolic point of period dividing 3. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift z to the landing point? z = -0.419643377607081 +0.606290729207199 i

The angle 1/8  or  001 has  preperiod = 3  and  period = 1. The corresponding dynamic ray lands at a preperiodic point of preperiod 3 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift z to the landing point? z = 0.000000000159395 +0.000000000076028 i

The angle 3/16  or  0011 has  preperiod = 4  and  period = 1. Entropy: e^h = 2^B = λ = 1.59898328 The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 4 and period dividing 1. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point? c = -0.017187977338350 +1.037652343793215 i    period = 0

The angle 1/6  or  0p01 has  preperiod = 1  and  period = 2. The corresponding parameter ray lands at a Misiurewicz point of preperiod 1 and period dividing 2. Do you want to draw the ray and to shift c to the landing point? c = -0.000000000000000 +1.000000000000000 i    period = 10000

1/5

 * c = 0.444556879255044 +0.409933108300984 i    period = 0 // landing of 1/16

2/5

 * c = -0.636754346582390 +0.685031297083677 i    period = 0 // landing of 5/16

12/25

 * wake 12/25 of the main cardioid is bounded by the parameter rays with the angles
 * 11184809/33554431 or  p0101010101010101010101001  =  0.(0101010101010101010101001)
 * 11184810/33554431 or  p0101010101010101010101010

m-exray-out 100 -0.7432918908524301 0.1312405523087976 8 1000 24 4

result :

.010101010101010101010100(1010)

which is

.01010101010101010101010(01)

=See also=
 * What is the relation between period/preperiod of external angle of the ray landing on the tip and period/preperiod of the tip ( landing point) ?

All rays landing at the same periodic point have the same period: the common period of the rays is a (possibly proper) multiple of the period of their landing point; therefore one distinguishes: the ray period from the orbit period.

=References=
 * 2013-10-02 islands in the hairs by Claude Heiland-Allen
 * 2013-02-01_navigating_by_spokes_in_the_mandelbrot_set by Claude Heiland-Allen


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/sandbox

User:Goelette Cardabela/Programs under tests
 * Root page
 * Sandbox contents
 * Add appendix program

User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/Add appendix
 * Test book

User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/Printable books User:Goelette_Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook

title: User:Goelette Cardabela/sandbox


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/Printable books

TestBook To test with Add_appendix

LivreTest French version of TestBook To test with Add_appendix


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook

This book is a study to create the Appendix subpage of the books.

We will take the opportunity to visit Colombia ... In pictures.

ArticleThree
= Appendix =


text:
User:Engrasimazizwaqasadv/sandbox

Use of Fourier transformation for Image compression & transformation in digital communication processing:

Abstract: In this advance era of technical age the use of communication technology is spreading everywhere in life. Either there may be high definition tv channels, satellite communication or internet technology with downloadable multimedia, the use of social media apps. these all are due to the advancement in digital communication. the core element along with audio processing image processing seems more important to this modern communication as any video element is composed of series of “Images” moving more than 60 frames/second.

Studied the given assignment

 * 1) Found two important subjects, image transformation & compression
 * 2) Expand the research material from ten related articles to further analyse the topic but keeping the core subject intact and central
 * 3) Add matlab codes for FFT Transformation
 * 4) This work is not a scholastic paper but just a summary of the said topic
 * 5) Focus on thses points like theory involves, mathematical formulas behind the FFT Image processing, transformation & Compression, Also lay down some applications of Image Compression, observation concluded lastly
 * 6) Book writing roadmap for the assigned topic "Image processing techniques  & comparative performance evaluation analysis "
 * 7) Summary of the  Article "Image Transformation & Compression using FFT"

Following key points have been observed :
	Image transformation using Fast Fourier transform is implemented everywhere in image processing application and likewise in embedded systems is more efficient

	For a large filter the Fourier transform allows us to isolate and process particular image frequencies and from low –pass and high pass with a great degree of precision.

	Only one disadvantage of Fourier transform is observed when the compression method is applied to the large size image (1024 x 1024) which is divided into block size of 32x32. In this case the reconstructed compressed image takes more space with respect to the original image.

	The DFT is the sampled Fourier Transform and therefore does not contain all frequencies forming an image, but only a set of samples which is large enough to fully describe the spatial domain image. The number of frequencies corresponds to the number of pixels in the spatial domain image, i.e. the image in the spatial and Fourier domain are of the same size.

	So Image quality can be controlled by DFT block selection.

	For a square image of size N×N, the two-dimensional DFT is given by: where f(a,b) is the image in the spatial domain and the exponential term is the basis function corresponding to each point F(k,l) in the Fourier space. The equation can be interpreted as: the value of each point F(k,l) is obtained by multiplying the spatial image with the corresponding base function and summing the result.

	The basic functions are sine and cosine waves with increasing frequencies, i.e. F(0,0) represents the DC-component of the image which corresponds to the average brightness and F(N-1,N-1) represents the highest frequency.

	where Using these two formulas, the spatial domain image is first transformed into an intermediate image using N one-dimensional Fourier Transforms. This intermediate image is then transformed into the final image, again using N one-dimensional Fourier Transforms. Expressing the two-dimensional Fourier Transform in terms of a series of 2N one-dimensional transforms decreases the number of required computations.

	Even with these computational savings, the ordinary one dimensional DFT has complexity. This can be reduced to if we employ the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to compute the one-dimensional DFTs. This is a significant improvement, in particular for large images. There are various forms of the FFT and most of them restrict the size of the input image that may be transformed. The mathematical details are well described in the literature. 	The Fourier Transform produces a complex number valued output image which can be displayed with two images, either with the real and imaginary part or with magnitude and phase. In image processing, often only the magnitude of the Fourier Transform is displayed, as it contains most of the information of the geometric structure of the spatial domain image. However, if we want to re-transform the Fourier image into the correct spatial domain after some processing in the frequency domain, we must make sure to preserve both magnitude and phase of the Fourier image.

	The Fourier domain image has a much greater range than the image in the spatial domain. Hence, to be sufficiently accurate, its values are usually calculated and stored in float values.

	The equations (4) and (5) are representing discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transformation (IDFT) respectively. The use of an FFT vastly reduces the time needed to compute a DFT. The FFT method works recursively by dividing the original vector into two halves, computing the FFT of each half and then putting the results together.

Mathematical Notation of FFT for Image transformation & Compression respectively can be analyzed by following formulas:

The FFT of an image of size m X n is obtained in MATLAB by the function fft2. Above command Compute its Fourier transform And display the spectrum. This function returns a Fourier transform that is also of size m X n, with the data arranged in the form, origin of the data at the top left and with four quarter periods meeting at the centre of the frequency rectangle. The Fourier transform decomposes a signal into orthogonal trigonometric basis function. Using these equations, a signal can be transformed into the frequency domain and back again. The Fourier method is the most powerful technique signal analysis .it transforms the signal from one domain to another domain in which many characteristics of the signal are revealed. One usually refers to this transform domain as the spectral or frequency domain, while the domain of the original signal is usually the time or spatial domain.

Other Built-in Matlab Commands for Image Analysis: B = imtransform(A,tform) B = imtransform(A,tform,interp) B = imtransform(___,Name,Value) [B,xdata,ydata] = imtransform(___) load westconcordpoints Create a transformation structure for a projective transformation using the points. t_concord = cp2tform(movingPoints,fixedPoints,'projective'); Get the width and height of the orthophoto, perform the transformation, and view the result. info = imfinfo('westconcordorthophoto.png');

registered = imtransform(unregistered,t_concord,...   'XData',[1 info.Width],'YData',[1 info.Height]); imshow(registered) Apply a horizontal shear to a grayscale image. I = imread('cameraman.tif'); tform = maketform('affine',[1 0 0; .5 1 0; 0 0 1]); J = imtransform(I,tform); imshow(J)

Projective Transformation Map a square to a quadrilateral with a projective transformation. Set up an input coordinate system so that the input image fills the unit square with vertices (0 0), (1 0), (1 1), (0 1). I = imread('cameraman.tif'); udata = [0 1]; vdata = [0 1]; Transform to a quadrilateral with vertices (-4 2), (-8 3), (-3 -5), (6 3).

tform = maketform('projective',[ 0 0; 1  0;  1  1; 0 1],...                               [-4 2; -8 -3; -3 -5; 6 3]); Fill with gray and use bicubic interpolation. Make the output size the same as the input size.

[B,xdata,ydata] = imtransform(I,tform,'bicubic', ...                             'udata',udata,...                              'vdata',vdata,...                              'size',size(I),...                              'fill',128); subplot(1,2,1); imshow(I,'XData',udata,'YData',vdata) subplot(1,2,2); imshow(B,'XData',xdata,'YData',ydata)

'bilinear'   Linear interpolation 'nearest'    Nearest-neighbor interpolation—the output pixel is assigned the value of the pixel that the point falls within. No other pixels are considered

'bicubic'    Cubic interpolation resampler           structure returned by makeresampler. This option allows more control overhow imtransform performs resampling. resampler structure

B = imtransform(A,tform) transforms image A according to the 2-D spatial transformation defined by tform, and returns the transformed image, B. If A is a color image, then imtransform applies the same 2-D transformation to each color channel. Likewise, if A is a volume or image sequence with three or more dimensions, then imtransform applies the same 2-D transformation to all 2-D planes along the higher dimensions. For arbitrary-dimensional array transformations, use tformarray. B = imtransform(A,tform,interp) specifies the form of interpolation to use. B = imtransform(___,Name,Value) uses name-value pairs to control various aspects of the spatial transformation. example [B,xdata,ydata] = imtransform(___) also returns the extent of the output image B in the output X-Y space. By default, imtransform calculates xdata and ydata automatically so that B contains the entire transformed image A. However, you can override this automatic calculation by specifying values for the XData and YData name-value pair input arguments.

Image Processing Filter Analysis Matlab Code: %Code: clc clear all close all warning off x=imread('shankar.jpg'); imshow(x); for i=0.1:0.1:10 B = imgaussfilt(x,i); imshowpair(x,B,'montage'); drawnow; end

Guassian Filter Designing Using Matlab:

Image compression is a special subject of image processing

is the application of Data compression on digital images. In effect, the objective is to reduce redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form. Image compression can be lossy or lossless. Lossless compression is sometimes preferred for artificial images such as technical drawings, icons or comics. This is because lossy compression methods, especially when used at low bit rates, introduce compression artifacts. Lossless compression methods may also be preferred for high value content, such as medical imagery or image scans made for archival purposes. Lossy methods are especially suitable for natural images such as photos in applications where minor (sometimes imperceptible) loss of fidelity is acceptable to achieve a substantial reduction in bit rate

More space required for certain image dimensions 1024*1024 The two dimensional Fourier transform (fft2) is computed for each block. The fft coefficients are quantized and transmitted then after the de-quantized of fft coefficients are computed. The two dimension inverse i.e. ifft2 of each block is computed and then puts the blocks back together into reconstructed images.

Further FFT Understanding:

Before the invent of Fourier transform until 1965 image processing was relying on analog filters which was neither efficient nor scalable. Image transformation was done by the analog filters to manipulate the image characteristics at sender & receiver side, of course which was not efficient as well as was involving tedious workout. the moment Fourier series invent there emerges so many algorithms for digital communication and thus for image processing, known as Discrete Fast Fourier Transforms

In mathematics, a Fourier transform (FT) is a mathematical transform that decomposes a function (often a function of time, or a signal) into its constituent frequencies, such as the expression of a musical chord in terms of the volumes and frequencies of its constituent notes. The term Fourier transform refers to both the frequency domain representation and the mathematical operation that associates the frequency domain representation to a function of time.

Digital images are now part of our daily life. People can hardly live without it. Therefore, digital image processing becomes more and more important these days. How to increase the resolution of images or reduce noises of images are always hot topics. Fourier Transformation can help us out. We can utilize Fourier Transformation to transform our image information - gray scaled pixels into frequencies and do further process of Quality Enhancement.

The process of Image compression algorithm flow is as following : 1.	Implement Fast Fourier Transformation to transform gray scaled image into frequency 2.	Visualize and Centralize zero-frequency component 3.	Apply low/high pass filter to filter frequencies 4.	Decentralize 5.	Implement inverse Fast Fourier Transformation to generate image data Let’s dive into each section to figure out the theory behind theses steps.

Applications • Photography and Printing • Satellite Image Processing • Medical Image Processing • Face detection, Feature detection, Face identification • Microscope image processing

.

title: User:Engrasimazizwaqasadv/sandbox


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/Content

 * User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook

 * 1) User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/ArticleOne
 * 2) User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/ArticleTwo
 * 3) User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/ArticleThree
 * 4) User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/Appendix


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/ArticleOne

Chapter 1

Gabriel_García_Márquez is a Colombian novelist, Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1982. The fresco by Pauline Blast on the pediment of the Hotel Bellavista was painted in December 2017 during his stay at  Tonton  hotelier of French origin and owner of the hotel.

https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Carthagène des Indes. (Colombie)
 * References :

Chapter 2
...

Chapter 3
...


text: Category:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)

title: Category:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook/ArticleOne/Summary

 * Chapter 1
 * Chapter 2
 * Chapter 3


text:
Category:Goelette Cardabela

Category for user Goelette Cardabela

title: Category:Goelette Cardabela


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/Add appendix

Bash programs with Linux systems to add appendix to books

See also french imprimable version

Preparing for installation
- bash install directories for user to create books appendix

copy and test the library
 Install the codes annex.lib in /usr/local/lib or in ~/Add_appendix/lib or in ~/Add-appendix/tests/1-annex.lib

- annex.lib Lib with functions findbook, ecfpb for printable books and ecfpc for Collections.

The findbook function is valided, The ecfp* functions must be checked

* if you want it, install tests codes in ~Add_appendix/tests/1-annex.lib/

- Test the source code of findbook function with test_findbook.bash]

- Test the source code of the ecfpb function with ecfpb.sh] (extract contents from printable book)

- Test the source code of the ecfpc function with ecfpc.sh (extract contents from compiled book (Collections))1-annex.lib

Copy the source codes of the modules under test
 Install sources codes for all users (chmod 644) in /~/Add_appendix/src or in usr/local/src

Copy source codes with printable version
Printable version for copy and paste

Copy sources files, paste in text editor, save in specialized directories : ~/Add_appendix/ lib, src, tests, etc.

pre-annex.sh
- pre-annex.sh

header.inc.sh
- header.inc.sh

annex.sh
- annex.sh

list.sh
- list.sh

download.sh
- download.sh

add_sclt.sh fr_sclt.inc en_sclt.inc
- add_sclt.sh

scli.inc.sh
- scli.inc.sh

add_sclic.sh
- add_add_sclic.sh

add_sclipco.sh
- add_sclipco.sh

add_sclipwb.sh
- add_sclipwb.sh

Copy sources to bin

 * compil2bin.sh compresses and copies executable shell files from the source directory to the bin directory and produces the .pot file for translation if gettext codes are included.
 * Install compil2bin for all users (chmod 755) in /usr/local/sbin whith root privileges else in ~/Add_appendix/sbin directory.

- compil2bin.sh

Copy all tested commands in tests directory to src and bin directories
- cp_all_to_Add_appendix.bash

Global test
- Add_appendix global test

Standard manual
- Manuals scripts: source, plain-text, html

Translations
- Add_appendix translations

Examples

 * Book for tests :User:Goelette Cardabela/Sandbox/TestBook
 * 1) Appendix with articles and images in classic version
 * 2) Appendix with articles and images from wikibooks
 * 3) Appendix with articles and images from wikimedia commons


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 * 1) firstHeading {
 * 1) bodyContent {
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title: User:NotMyCabbages/monobook.css


text:
User talk:Goelette Cardabela

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, Goelette Cardabela!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

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. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:13, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

Questions
Hi, I've noticed that you've created a number of pages that don't seem very appropriate:

 * Category:Goelette Cardabela
 * Category:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)
 * Category:Category:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)
 * Catégory:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)

Now are these just test pages? They don't seem to fulfill any meaningful function. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:18, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello Jules, please
 * Category:Category:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)
 * Catégory:Goelette Cardabela (Sandbox)
 * Must be deleted, thanks. Goelette Cardabela (discuss • contribs) 15:54, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

 * ✅. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:03, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Goelette Cardabela


text: User talk:180.191.171.139

title: User talk:180.191.171.139


text:
User talk:139.64.170.130

hi

title: User talk:139.64.170.130


text:
User talk:2607:FEA8:1280:D800:0:0:0:B3BA

 * I've incorporated that change for now. That "chess spam" filter is quite brutal because we've had people try to damage the project. You were unfortunately caught by mistake. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 18:13, 11 April 2021 (UTC)


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Lists/Spectrum Changes

The following is a list of references to changes in spectrum allocations that have been encountered to date.


text:
Wikijunior:Languages/Thai

What writing system(s) does this language use?
Thai language is written using Thai script.

ก Gaw Gai

ข Kaw Kai

ฃ Kaw Kuat

ค Kaw Kwai

ฅ Kaw Kon

ฆ Kaw Ra Kang

ง Ngaw Nguu

จ Jaw Jaan

ฉ Chaw Ching

ช Chaw Chang

ซ Saw Soo

ฌ Chaw Cher

ญ Yaw (Pu) Ying

ฎ Daw Cha Daa

ฏ Dtaw Bpa Dtak

ฐ Taw Taan

ฑ Taw Mon Too

ฒ Taw Puu Tao

ณ Naw Nane

ด Daw Dek

ต Dtaw dtao

ถ Taw Tung

ท Taw Tahan

ธ Taw Tong

น Naw Nuu

บ Baw Bai Mai

ป Bpaw Bplaa

ผ Paw Pung

ฝ Faw Faa

พ Paw Paan

ฟ Faw Faan

ภ Paw Sam Pao

ม Maw Maa

ย Yaa Yaak

ร Raw Rua

ล Law Ling

ว Waw Waen

ศ Saw Sala

ษ Saw Ru Si

ส Saw Sua

ห Haw Heep

ฬ Law Ju Laa

อ Aw Aang

ฮ Haw Nok whook

How many people speak this language?
As of 2000, there are 21 million people who consider Thai as there first language. As of 2001, there are 40 million people who consider Thai as their second language.

Where is this language spoken?
Thai (ภาษาไทย-phāːsǎːthāi) is the official language of Thailand.

What is the history of this language?
During the Ming dynasty, Yingya Shenglan (1405–1433), Ma Huan reported on the language of the Xiānluó (暹羅), saying that it somewhat resembled the local patois as pronounced in Guangdong: 107  Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of the most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. The Thai writing system has an eight-century history and many of these changes, especially in consonants and tones, are evidenced in the modern orthography.

Who are some famous authors or poets in this language?

 * King Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai, also known as King Rama II of Siam (r. 1809-1824), was a gifted poet and playwright and is also a great patron of artists. His reign was known as the "golden age of Rattanakosin literature". His literary salon was responsible for reviving and repairing many important works of literature which were damaged or lost during the sack of Ayutthaya. Poets, including Sunthorn Phu, thrived under his patronage. King Loetlanaphalai was himself a poet and artist.

What are some basic words in this language that I can learn?
Polite language in Thai requires that a politeness marker be at the end of every phrase. The markers differ according to the gender of the speaker:

What is a simple song/poem/story that I can learn in this language?
งาม แสงเดือน (Ngam Sang Duan) is a traditional Ramwong dance song. Men and women dance to it as pairs in a circle.

งาม แสงเดือน (Ngam Sang Duan) Folk Song (Thai)

Beautiful Moonlight Folk Song (English)

title: Wikijunior:Languages/Thai


text:
User talk:64.45.84.65

hello :)

title: User talk:64.45.84.65


text:
User:Goelette Cardabela/Programs under tests

Add appendix
Bash program

User:Goelette Cardabela/sandbox/Add appendix

Printables book
Printable books

Collections
Collections


text:
User talk:MSE0714

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, MSE0714!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
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-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 18:18, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:MSE0714