text:
Cookbook:Double Hamburgers

A double hamburger is a variant on a sandwich involving a patty of ground meat, usually beef (known in the United Kingdom as a beefburger), or a vegetarian patty. A slice of cheese on the patty makes it a cheeseburger, a common variation in the United States.

Ingredients

 * 500 g (1.1 lb) minced (ground) beef
 * Herbs and spices (optional; see suggestions)
 * Cheese (optional; see suggestions)
 * Salad (lettuce, spinach, alfalfa sprouts, tomato, onion etc; optional)
 * 1 hamburger bun per burger

Procedure

 * 1) Remove the ground beef from the package and shape by hand into burgers. You should get 4–6 burgers from the listed quantity of beef.
 * 2) If adding optional ingredients, either season the outside or mix into the beef before forming the patties. Overworking the beef will result in mushy meat that won't stick together, so only mix the minimum necessary and do so by hand.
 * 3) Fry or grill the burgers for about 4–5 minutes on each side for burgers that aren't too thick.
 * 4) Let the burger rest for several minutes before serving to let the juices cool down and not burst out at first bite.
 * 5) Ensure your burgers are fully cooked through before serving. If your burgers are quite thick or if you are unsure, you can cut one open to ensure the insides are browned. If the insides are red, there is a chance that the meat is not fully cooked. Alternately, you can insert a meat thermometer into the center of the burger, if the temperature reads less than 71°C (160°F), your burger is undercooked.
 * 6) Serve each burger on a bun (sesame seed usually), optionally with relish, sliced pickles, ketchup, mayonnaise, mustard, ranch dressing, cheese, lettuce, tomatoes and/or onions.

Notes, tips and variations

 * Some suggestions for seasonings include garlic, onion flakes or a small onion, soy sauce, worcestershire sauce, mustard, olive oil, cheese, butter and/or 2 tsp of your favorite hot sauce for some kick. The amounts of herbs and/or spices are up to your local taste and meat quality. Depending on the quality of your local beef, for example, you may wish to add some beef stock to improve the flavour. If you add any liquids, mix the ground beef well, then squeeze out the extra juice when forming patties.
 * Make sure to let the meat get to room temperature before putting on the grill or in the pan. This will help the burgers cook evenly and fully.
 * You can use almost any type of minced (ground) meat to make hamburgers, including pork, chicken, turkey, lamb, bison, venison, ostrich, or even a meat substitute such as Quorn. Some variations of hamburgers call for mixing different types of meat (e.g. ground beef and ground pork).
 * Do not add salt until right before you put the patty to cook.
 * Mixing ingredients in with the meat is purely optional. You can make a delicious burger by simply shaping patties and seasoning with kosher salt, ground pepper, and if you wish, some garlic powder and/or cayenne.
 * Do not overmix the meat! You will wind up with a tough, dense, and dry burger. If you must mix herbs or spices in, do so by hand and be sparing in your mixing. Remember that you can season the outside of the patties if you wish.
 * If your burgers fall apart, adding an egg yolk will help keep it together. Buying lean ground beef will also help, although if the meat is too lean the burger may be excessively dry. Not mixing the ground meat in the first place will also ensure the patty's integrity.
 * Try adding a pat of butter in the center of each burger for an excellent hamburger.
 * You may wish to experiment with including cheese in the centre of your burger before cooking.
 * Spices which can work well in hamburgers include black pepper, chili (either fresh or powder), Worcestershire Sauce and soy sauce. Experiment to find good combinations.
 * Almost any herb can work, including basil, oregano and parsley.
 * Some other things which are also sometimes added to hamburgers include: diced onions, bread crumbs, crushed saltine crackers.
 * Burgers can also be smoked on a grill. Smoked burgers will appear red and glazed on the outside, but browned on the inside. Smoking a burger before grilling it is an excellent way to seal in the flavorful juices.
 * Some vegan patties make excellent meat substitutes, especially for Hamburgers, where strong spices make the difference close to indistinguishable.
 * Hand-made burger patties always change shape during cooking, and always in the same way: the edges move in toward the middle. This means each burger will turn out less flat and more ball-shaped than the way you originally formed it. So for the best results, press the raw patties down much thinner than you want the finished burger to be.

title: Cookbook:Double Hamburgers


text:
Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Vehicles/Wolfen

The Wolfen (ウルフェン) is a fictional space ship piloted by the Star Wolf team in the Star Fox series of video games. Like the Arwing, the Wolfen undergoes changes in each Star Fox game.

Wolfen in Star Fox 64
The first appearance of the Wolfen in a published game was in Star Fox 64 on the Fichina (Mistakenly named Fortuna) stage; they would reappear on Bolse if any of them survived or the player took a route to Bolse that avoided Fichina. A Wolfen can also appear in Training Mode during the All-Range Phase, each time the player kills 100 enemies.

Wolfen in Star Fox 2
The unnamed fighters of the Star Wolf team in Star Fox 2 could be called Wolfens but that remains unknown since the game was never released. Wolf had his own uniquely designed fighter while the other three members use the same design, one very similar to the one that would eventually appear in Star Fox 64.

Wolfen II
The Wolfen II as seen in Star Fox 64.

The first and only appearance of the Wolfen II to date was in Star Fox 64 on Venom. They would only appear if the player went through Area 6. They had two G-Diffusers, compared to the Arwing's one, which made the ship faster. The Wolfen II had twin lasers and was capable of deflecting bombs and charged lasers, and was regarded by the in-game characters as being a superior ship to an Arwing.

Wolfen in Star Fox: Assault
The Wolfen is used by Star Wolf in Star Fox: Assault in several stages. The Wolfen can be unlocked in Star Fox: Assault for use in multiplayer, and it deals more damage at each laser level and with a charged laser. It also flies faster than the Arwing but it cannot come to a complete stop in mid-air, and is less maneuverable. It can also have a wing walker ride shotgun on one of the upper wings, as seen in the Corneria City level of the game. However, in Vs Mode, the upper wings cannot be stood upon, and players would have to use one of the lower wings.

Wolfen in Star Fox Command
The Wolfen appears to be almost identical in appearance to its Star Fox: Assault incarnation. Also, similar to the Star Fox team, the team pilots radical alterations of the original Wolfen design, such as the Rainbow Delta and the Black Rose. However, Wolf keeps the original Wolfen design, which has been dubbed the Red Fang in the instruction booklet.

In other games
A Wolfen trophy can be obtained in Super Smash Bros. Melee. It also appears occasionally in both Star Fox stages of said game.

A Wolfen can be seen flying across the stage during the video clip starring Snake in Brawl.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Old English/1st reading: David's feats

Note that grammatical suffixes have been bolded, to help easy identification.

This reading is from Ælfric. The spelling has been slightly normalized.

Reading
Saul hātte sē forma cyning þe ofer godes folc rīxode

Sē ƿæs tō cyninġe āhafen sƿȳðor for folces ġecorennysse þonne ðurh godes rǣd.

Fela ōðre cyningas rīxodon ǣr ġeond ealne middaneard ofer hǣðenum lēodum · ac ofer israhēla folc þe on god belȳfde næs nān eorðliċ cyning ǣr ðan þe saul sƿā sƿā hī sylfe ġecuron ofer hī cynerīċe underfēng ·

Sē bēah hrædlīċe fram þæs ælmihtigan godes ƿillan and nolde be his ƿissunge and be his ƿitegan lāre faran · and sē yfela gāst hine drehte mid deofollicum stiċelsum · and on unġeƿitte his mōd āƿende ·

Þā forseah sē ælmihtiga god þone saul æt nēxtan · and hine of his rīċe āƿearp be his āgenum ġeƿyrhtum · and ġeċēas him tō cyninġe þone cēnan dauid ·

Sē ðe būtan ƿǣpnum ġeƿylde ðā lēon · and þæs beran ċeaflas tōbræc mid his handum · and āhredde þæt ġelæhte sċēp of his sċearpum tōðum ·

Hē ofƿearp ēac syððan þone sƿȳþlican ent · goliam þone gramlican þe godes naman hyrƿde · and mid ġebēote clypode bysmor godes folce · ġearu tō ānƿīġe mid ormettre ƿǣpnung'''e ·

Hƿæt; þā dauid ēode tōġēanes þām ente · and ofƿearp mid his liþeran þone ġelēaflēasan ent · būfon ðām ēagan þæt hē bēah tō eorðan ·

Ġelǣhte þā of ðām ente his āgen sƿurd · and his ormǣte hēafod mid þām of āslōh · and hæfde ðā ġeƿunnen sīġe his lēode ·

Vocabulary
Note that for the purposes of alphabetic listing, the prefix "ġe-" is not accounted for. If you cannot find a word beginning with "ġe-" in the g section, go at the section of the first letter following "ġe-".

 * ac (conj) -- but
 * āhebban (s6) -- to lift up; to elevate; "tō cyninġe āhebban" - "to elevate to king"
 * āhreddan (w1) -- to save, rescue
 * and (conj) -- and
 * āƿendan (w1) -- to change
 * āƿearp -- singular preterite indicative of "āƿeorpan"
 * āƿeorpan (s3) -- to throw out, get rid of, dispose of
 * ælmihtiġ (aj) -- almighty
 * ǣr (av)- before, previously; already; (conj) before
 * ǣr þan þe (conj) -- before
 * æt nēxtan (av phrase) -- next, next thing
 * be (prep) -- (+dat) by means of; by, beside, by the side of; concerning, about, with regards to
 * belīfan (w1) -- to believe, to trust, to have faith; "belīfan on (+acc)" - "to believe in"
 * bera (wm) -- bear
 * būgan (s2) -- to bend, to turn
 * būtan (prep) -- (+dat) without
 * ċeafl (sm) -- jaw
 * ġeċēas -- singular preterite indicative of "ġeċēosan"
 * cēne (aj) -- bold, fierce, brave
 * ġeċēosan (s2) -- to choose, to select, to make a choice
 * ġecorennness (sf) -- choice, choosing
 * cynerīċe (sn) -- kingdom
 * cyning (sm; gen: cyninġes; dat: cyninġe) -- king
 * deofolliċ (aj) -- demonic, devilish
 * dreċċan (w1) -- to torment
 * eall (aj) -- all
 * eorðliċ (aj) -- earthly, of this world
 * faran (s6) -- to go, to proceed
 * fela (indec aj) -- many
 * folc (sn) -- people
 * forma (ord) -- first
 * forseah -- see "forsēon"
 * forsēon (s5) -- to overlook, neglect, reject
 * gāst (sm) -- spirit, ghost
 * ġeond (prep) -- (+acc) throughout
 * god (sm) -- God
 * hātan (s7b) -- to call, to command; to be called. NOTE: the passive form "to be called", takes an additional -t-: Saul hātte - "(He) was called Saul". This is an archaic feature only present in hātan.
 * hǣðen (aj) -- heathen, pagan
 * hē (3prs sg pron) -- he; it (referring to grammatically masculine non-living objects)
 * hine -- accusative of "hē"
 * him -- dative of "hē"
 * hrædlīċe (av) -- quickly, soon
 * israhēlas (sm pl) -- the Israelites, Israel
 * lār (sf) -- teaching, instruction
 * ġelæċċan (w1) -- to catch, seize
 * ġelæht -- past participle of "ġelæċċan"
 * lēo (wm) -- lion
 * lēod (sf) -- nation, people(-group)
 * middaneard (sm) -- the earth, the world
 * mōd (sn) -- mind
 * nān (aj) -- not any, no, none (West Saxon dialect)
 * næs (contraction) -- "ne ƿæs" - "was not": SEE "ƿesan" and "ne"
 * ne (av) -- (before verbs, NOT before adjectives or nouns) not; (conj) nor
 * nolde (contraction) -- "ne ƿolde" - "did not want": SEE "ƿillan" and "ne"
 * of (prep) -- (+dat) from, out of; from (place of origin)
 * ofer (prep) -- (+dat) over
 * on (prep acc/dat) -- (with acc) marking object of thought; (with dat) in, on, into
 * rīċe (sn) -- kingdom, empire, state; rulership
 * rīxian (w2) -- to rule
 * saul (sm) -- Saul, king of Israel
 * sċēp (sn) -- sheep
 * sċearp (aj) -- sharp
 * sē (article) -- the, that
 * sē þe (rel pron) -- who, he who
 * stiċels (sm) -- goad, thorn
 * sƿā (conj) -- as, of the same degree, like; "sƿā sƿā" - "just like", "just as"
 * sƿīðor (av) -- more
 * sylf (aj) -- self, (him/her/etc)-self; NOTE: could be used either reflexively with the suitable personal pronoun, or emphatically. When it followed a noun or a pronoun, it could be declined strong: "hī sylfe" - "they themselves".
 * tō (prep) -- (+dat) to; as (denoting fulfilment of a role)
 * tōbrecan (s4) -- to break apart
 * tōð (sm i-mut) -- tooth
 * þā (av) -- then (referring to a specific instance), on that occasion
 * þonne (conj) - than (in comparatives)
 * þe (rel pron) -- which, who, that. NOTE: Used to introduce relative clauses "the person who did that" - "sē mann þe dyde þæt"
 * þurh (prep) -- (+acc) by, by means of
 * underfōn (s7) -- to accept; "cynerīċe underfēng" -- "(he) accepted (the) (rule of the) kingdom"
 * unġeƿitt (sn) -- insanity, senselessness
 * ƿesan (irregv) -- to be
 * ƿilla (wm) -- will, desire
 * ƿillan (irreg vaux) -- to want, to desire, to wish (to do)
 * ƿissung (sf) -- instruction, guidance
 * ƿītega (wm) -- prophet, wise man, soothsayer
 * ġeƿyrht (sn) -- work, deed
 * ġeƿyldan (w1) -- to subdue, to conquer, take power over
 * yfel (aj) -- bad, evil

title: Old English/1st reading: David's feats


text:
Prussian/Food Vocabulary

Food
geīts = bread

wābli = apple

zuppi = soup

Drinks
daddan = milk

wundan = water

title: Prussian/Food Vocabulary


text:
Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Villains/Andross

Andross (Andorf, or Andolf in Japan) is a fictional character from the |Star Fox universe.

Like the other inhabitants of the fictional Lylat System, Andross is an anthropomorphic ape-like creature. His most common appearance is that of a giant disembodied head accompanied by 2 giant disembodied hands. In Japan he is voiced by Daisuke Gori.

Background & Legacy
Andross history & origins were first explained in Star Fox 64. It is later expanded on in Star Fox Command by comments made by Beltino Toad (Slippy's Father) and Krystal. Beltino believes that Andross may be behind the Anglar's invasion referring to the events that happened on Venom years earlier (in Star Fox 64), Andross deployed a new bioweapon, using it to evolve himself and seize control of localized life-forms. The bioweapon supposedly contained Andross's DNA and causes living creatures to follow his orders. Krystal's information on Andross is more sympathetic towards Andross than Beltino's. According to her, a long time ago, Andross started developing a new machine. The device would make Venom a beautiful planet that could support life. Andross was deemed to be a dangerous fanatic and banished to Venom. He was condemned to a life of isolation and loneliness. Before Andross's exile to Venom, he was Corneria's Chief Science Officer and was also a close colleague of General Pepper. But he and Pepper were like oil and water. Their infighting was the actually precursor to the Lylat Wars. Up to this point it was always assumed that Andross ignored an order from Pepper to halt his dangerous experiments and was banished to Venom as punishment (according to Star Fox 64 and Fox himself). Krystal however states, that Andross's motives were pure and that he just wanted to continue his research. Andross never asked the Cornerian government for money or kickbacks of any kind. After Andross fought with the "Star Fox Team" (apparently in the original Star Fox), he dedicated his remaining days to planet Venom, wanted to leave some sort of legacy. Thus Andross hid his secret device on Titania where no one would ever think to look, leaving behind one of his bioweapons to guard over the device.

Andross shift from good to evil is never explained by Krystal (she herself was almost killed by a murderous Andross in Adventures). One possibility is that Andross himself doesn't think what he does is truly evil and may even put the blame on the Cornerian Government whom he feels betrayed him. Another possibility is the he has a god-complex, in which he believes that he himself is not bound to ideas of what's good and what's evil.

Powers
In the Star Fox games, Andross is a gifted scientist and has many powers, some god-like in nature. He is thus capable of almost anything. It has been stated that he experimented on many bioforms, including himself. Turning himself into a God-like creature bent on ruling the Lylat System, he also gained the power to control his experiments as bioweapons.

After his defeat at the hand of Star Fox, his god-like essence survived. He is rumored to be able the influence others without them being aware of it, such as General Scales. Even as a ghost, he can still control his creations. He has also been portrayed as a charismatic speaker (which can explain why many were willing to follow him) and a military genius.

Forms
Throughout the Star Fox games Andross appears in different forms, the most common of which is that of a giant disembodied head accompanied by two giant disembodied hands (as seen above). His second form (considered his true form in Star Fox 64) is that of a gigantic brain with two eyes connected by energy strands. All of his other forms are actually fake robots designed to look like Andross and are possibly controlled remotely by Andross to fight Starfox. After his defeat in Star Fox 64 his body was destroyed, however, his spirit lived on, causing him to seek out the power of the Ancient Krazoa Spirits on planet Sauria (also known as Dinosaur Planet). After merging with them his is transformed stating, "I am reborn! The mighty Krazoa god!". His "ghost" form also appears in Star Fox: Command, controlling old bio-weapons to protect his device on Titania.

This is Andross's Boss Form that appeared in the first Star Fox game. It is basically a floating head made up of polygons (this is probably due to the graphical limitations at the time. Its Super Smash Bros. Melee trophy states,
 * Andross... ("Andross' Original Form" in the Original Star Fox)

"'Star Fox's archenemy. Whether it's a metallic manifestation of Andross or just a hologram is unknown, but from its outward appearance, it's safe to assume that it's not the fiend's true form. Andross occasionally sucks matter in and then violently exhales, sending out a cloud of metal tiles. Its eyes are its weak points.'"

In this form he fights by swatting the player with his hand, inhaling the player's Arwing into his mouth (if successful, he chews the Arwing; if not he spews either rocks or tiles). He can also fire lightning bolts from his right-hand index finger. This form can be defeated by destroying his hands first. Then the player must fire a smart bomb into his mouth when it is open. Andross will swallow the bomb, this causes his head to become vulnerable to Laser Fire. Once his head is destroyed he will transform into his second form (usually).
 * Main Form ("God Andross")

This form appears sometimes in Star Fox 64 after Andross' Main Form is destroyed instead of Andross' Brain Form. The Robot Andross attacks by ramming and can easily be destroyed by shooting it between the eyes. Defeating this boss leads to the games "Bad Ending" in which Andross' Face appears on "The End" screen, hinting that Andross lived to fight another day.
 * Robot Andross ("Fake Andross")

This form is Andross' True ("Final") Form in Star Fox 64. In this form Andross' eyes are connected to his Brain by energy strands. The eyes must be destroyed to attack the Brain's achilles' heel, its Medulla. Andross's Brain is equipped with a Dimension Transporter, which allows it to warp around the fight area and it can fly pretty fast, making it hard to hit. The Brain also so leaves behind bulbs of matter when it warps.
 * Second Form/Stage ("The Brain of Andross/True Form")

This form of Andross is featured as the true Boss/Villain in Star Fox: Adventure. Unlike most of the boss battles in the game, Andross' is fought in space with Fox's Arwing. This form is actually a combination of his "Main & Second Forms" from Star Fox 64, with a third new "Krazoa Mask" Form/Stage (a result of his merging with a Krazoa Statue). The battle starts of with his newer "Krazoa Mask" Form/Stage. Once the "Krazoa Mask" is defeated, Andross' "Main Form" will appear (attacking in a similar manner as he did in Star Fox 64). His Main Form has one new attack, he can now fire energy waves from his palms. His Main Form is defeated by destroying both hands, after that Andross shifts back to his Krazoa Mask Form and will shift back to his "Main Form" after the Mask is defeated. Defeating both forms twice, causes Andross to begin sucking the Arwing in his mouth. When all hope seems lost (note it is impossible to avoid this attack) Falco flies in and saves Fox's Arwing from being sucked in. Falco will then join the fight against Andross (a Star Fox first) by dropping "Power-Up Boxes" containing a "Smart Bomb" upgrade. Fire the Bomb into Andross' mouth (when Andross tries to inhale Fox's Arwing). After Andross swallows the bomb, his head becomes transparent, causing his "Brain Form" (Second Form) to appear for brief periods. While in his "Brain Form" Andross attacks by ramming.
 * Krazoa God Andross ("The Mighty Krazoa God")

Andross appearance in the games as a spirit started after his defeat in Star Fox 64. He first appears in this form in Star Fox: Adventure, he is the mysterious figure who imprisons Krystal in the device atop Krazoa Palace. He accomplishes this by pushes her in to the crystal that powers the device. This is seem through Andross' own eyes and he does not appear on camera. Andross second appearance in this form (he can't be seen, but his voice can be heard) is just before Fox's fight with Gen. Scales, he tell Scales to stop and give the last Krazoa Spirit to Fox (Fox doesn't seem to recognize it is actually Andross who is speaking). Scales reluctantly hands over the Krazoa Spirit to Fox (swearing his revenge to both Andross and Fox). After the last Krazoa Spirit is returned to Krazoa Palace, Andross reveals himself to both Krystal & Fox after he merges with the Krazoa Spirit transforming into his "Krazoa God" form. After his defeat in Adventures, his spirit retreats to Titania, seeking to protect his final legacy, his greatest most prized invention (one of his true, good, & pure ideas), a device he originally created to terraform planet Venom. During Star Fox: Command, Andross will possess one of his creations (Bioweapons) to battle Fox and his allies on Titania. Andross will possess a different monster, depending on who Fox is allied with when he reaches Titania. Andross will possess a "Grunner" (a stone ape) when he faces the "Original Star Fox Team" (Fox, Falco, Peppy, and Slippy). He possess a "Titan Worm" when he battles the current "Star Fox Team" (Fox, Krystal, Falco, and Slippy). He possess a "Killer Bee" enemy to fight Fox, Falco, and his former ally Wolf O'Donnell. Finally he possess Monarch Dodorah (a giant two headed flightless bird-like boss enemy, that appeared in the original Star Fox game) to fight Fox, Falco, and his own grandson Dash Bowman. If Dash is chosen to fight the Monarch Dodorah, Andross will command it to stop attacking. Andross will even hint to Dash his opponent's (Monarch Dodra's) weak point, its head. If this boss is defeated with Dash, Andross will happily hand over the device to his grandson (it is possible that Andross was testing his young grandson's flying skills to prepare him for the upcoming battle with Emperor Anglar). During "Dash's Ending" (Ending 6) it is possible that Dash becomes possessed by (or host to) Andross' Spirit.
 * Spirit Form ("Ghost of Andross")

Andross in Star Fox & Star Fox 64
Andross was formerly a scientist whose experiments had devastated the entire planet of Corneria. For this, he was exiled to the barren planet of Venom by General Pepper.

Five years later, General Pepper received interesting and conflicting reports of bizarre events in Venomian airspace. The general hired the Star Fox mercenary team to investigate. Soon, all three pilots (James McCloud, Peppy Hare, and Pigma Dengar) were probing Venom's skies.

When they arrived in Venom, Pigma betrayed the team and joined Andross. James and Peppy tried to escape, but only Peppy was successful. This left Peppy with the unenviable task of telling James' son, Fox, about his father's fate.

Back on Venom, Andross proclaimed himself emperor of the planet Venom and soon the entire Lylat System. With an army of mass-produced androids, bio-mechanical warriors, anthropomorphic lizards and apes, as well as hired thugs like the Star Wolf Team, Andross unleashed a blitzkrieg on his neighboring worlds.

Fox McCloud was forced to hastily step into his father's shoes and lead a new Star Fox team against Andross. With Peppy Hare, Slippy Toad, and Falco Lombardi at his side, Fox battled across the Lylat System to stop Andross.

But in the end it was Fox alone who flew into the depths of Venom to face Andross.

In Star Fox, Andross takes a metallic appearance resembling a human face (or, in the third route, a bull or demon). In battle, Andross would inhale tiles then spew them at Fox, as well as firing them from his eyes. Disabling the eyes made Andross reveal the form of a "Core Brain". Fox must quickly inflict damage on the Core Brain before it summons tiles to regenerate the protective form. After the Core Brain explodes, Fox had succeeded in stopping Andross. Note that this Andross may have been a fake, as hinted in Super Smash Bros. Melee and the ellipsis after his name in the boss analysis. Star Fox 2 directly states that it is the real Andross, but that was cancelled.

In Star Fox 64, Andross' first form is a giant head with 2 hands. After dealing enough damage, Andross will take on his second form. On the easy path, it is a giant robotic head (a fake Andross). On the hard path, it is a giant brain with 2 disembodied eyes.

After defeating his second form, Andross initiated his final defense. He set off a time bomb intended to destroy Fox. (If the player only fought the robotic head, the bomb is then only meant to cover Andross' retreat. Otherwise, it is truly meant to kill Fox.) However, Fox is led out of the base by a being which appears to be his father, though it is unknown if it is really him, a ghost, or a vision.

Andross in Star Fox Adventures
Andross did not survive the destruction of his Venom base. Weak and wounded, reduced to a disembodied spirit, Andross fled to the planet Sauria (Sauria is only known as the Dinosaur Planet in Star Fox Adventures.) There he was able to enlist followers among the Sharpclaw clan of dinosaurs to keep him alive, but not much more.

For eight long years Andross tried to revive himself, failing time and time again. This was at least partially due to his mistrust of his Sharpclaw helpers, particularly their nominal leader, General Scales. Scales would happily take Andross' power for his own at the drop of a hat.

Finally, Andross found a solution. To Scales' delight, Andross gave the dinosaur all the power that Scales had long coveted. The domination of Sauria was within Scales' grasp. And Andross' price seemed simple. All he wanted was a couple of artifacts and the capture of a young, anthropomorphic, blue-furred vixen named Krystal, the only survivor of the lifeless planet Cerinia.

Unknown to Scales, of course, was that Krystal had the ability to channel the long-forgotten Krazoa power. Said power was contained in the artifacts Scales was gathering for Andross as well. Unaware he was being duped, Scales succeeded in acquiring most of the Krazoa Spirits and reducing Krystal to be Fox's damsel in distress. Andross trapped Krystal, in a truly ironic fashion, inside a large crystal and sent her atop the Krazoa Palace. Andross then proceeded to steal her life-force, in order to restore his own...

Rebels to Scales' rule sent out a distress call that General Pepper did not ignore. His own troops spread thin, Pepper once again hired Star Fox to dive into the breach. Unfortunately for all concerned, team Star Fox was a pale shadow of its former self. Only Fox himself remained on active duty.

Once on the planet's surface, Fox found a helper in the form of a local named Tricky. Together the duo fought a two-animal war against General Scales and his forces. Finally, Fox and Tricky defeated Scales himself...only to unveil Andross as the dinosaur's puppet master. The duo raced to release Krystal from her imprisonment atop Krazoa Palace.

They succeeded, but it seemed the damage had been done; Andross awakened. Fox quickly boarded his Arwing starfighter to battle Andross once again. Infused with the great Krazoa power, Andross had Fox on the brink of defeat... until Falco appeared. Fox's old wingman rejoined the Star Fox team, not to mention the battle, and Andross was defeated once again.

Andross in Nintendo Power
A comic appeared in serialized form via several issues of Nintendo Power magazine at the time of the original Star Fox game's release.

Andross is an adopted son. His foster parents were upstanding Android Pigs living on the planet Corneria. Andross followed in his robo-parents' footprints as a scientist. His brilliant mind was soon well-known across the Lylat System, mostly for his medical work.

Yet Andross turned his back on serving his beloved homeworld when his parents were killed, victims of a cruel military experiment by the Cornerian government itself. Unknown to anyone, Andross swore a vow of revenge that day. In time he became Head Scientist of the Cornerian Academy, his focus having changed to completely military technologies.

He also met, and fell in love with, the vixen Vixy Reinard. There was just one hang-up to their relationship: She was already married to Fox McCloud (billed as James McCloud in the games). Vixy and Fox had recently had a son together as well.

Vixy regretted her actions, but the arrogant Andross refused to let her go. His bid to keep her was to remove her husband from the equation. Unfortunately for Andross and Fox Sr. alike, it was Vixy and not the elder McCloud who fell victim to Andross' car bomb.

Refusing to admit defeat, Andross bitterly hatched a new plot. Fox Sr., still unaware of his wife's affair to start with, was blissfully ignorant of the danger when he volunteered for Andross' assignment. Fox Sr. was given the task of hauling the newly developed Gravity Bomb to a field laboratory in the Meteos Asteroid Belt for testing.

Thanks to Andross' sabotage, the experimental weapon went off mid-flight. Fox Sr. disappeared, along with half the asteroid belt, into a black hole created by the Gravity Bomb.

The scientist's victory was bittersweet. An investigation of the "accident" led back to him. The trial ended with Andross being exiled from Corneria to the barren world of Venom for the rest of his days.

Most scientists, Andross included, thought Venom an uninhabited world. He was shocked to find a race of anthropomorphic lizards living in the depths of the planet. The natives had devolved from a once-mighty race; Andross put his great intellect to deciphering their ancient ruins and forgotten technologies. He was able to build a Telekinetic Amplifier from the knowledge thus acquired, among other things, and used it to brainwash the Venomians.

Over the next few years, Andross transformed Venom into a power base and proceeded to invade Corneria with his new Venomian Army of Imperial Lizards. This first attempt at revenge was undone by Fox McCloud Jr. and the rest of his Star Fox team. The mercenary pilots managed to destroy the Telekinetic Amplifier itself, shattering Andross' hold on his "loyal" followers.

Andross managed to escape, fleeing to the world Fortuna. He soon had one of Fox's teammates, Slippy Toad, kidnapped for use as bait. As Andross hoped, the Star Fox team soon followed Slippy to Fortuna. There, Andross unleashed his greatest weapon, the bio-mechanical beast Monarch Dodora (who bears a suspicious resemblance to another fictional monster, King Ghidorah and even has a similar name), to kill the Star Fox team once and for all.

The mad scientist's plans went awry again. Star Fox's efforts cost Andross control of the Dodora, which accidentally stepped on him (in Fox's own words, "Flat as an ape crepe!").

But not even death can keep any self-respecting villain down. Having planned for just such an occasion, Andross had safeguarded some of his own DNA and, apparently, a copy of his mind somehow. Two clones of Andross were reborn, little different from his previous lease on life. They attempted to rule jointly, but soon grew tired of one another, and one clone killed the other.

Andross' last attempt to destroy Star Fox involved deploying the tattered remnants of his Imperial Guard to attack the planet Papetoon. This attempted trap also backfired, and in the end Andross tasted defeat. The scientist fled into the very black hole that had claimed his rival Fox Sr.; never to be heard from again.

Other appearances
Andross does not appear in Star Fox: Assault, making it the first time in the series where he plays no direct role. His nephew Andrew leads the remains of Andross' fleet as his own. Mentioning his uncle, Andrew even dares lay claim to Andross' title of "Emperor", calling himself Andross's heir, but there's no sign of the real ape himself. Interestingly, Andross's name appears in the end credits as an enemy character; Andross might have been included in the game at one point and then dropped, or this could refer to Andrew's mech, which in itself is an homage to Andross's appearances in earlier Star Fox games.

Andross does have a small cameo as two different trophies in another game, Super Smash Bros. Melee. The first is as his Star Fox 64 self (with polygon count upgrade) and the next as his original character model in Star Fox.

Andross makes an appearance in Star Fox Command, but not as the final boss. This time, he possesses Boss Monsters on Titania. He is only seen as a ghost, however. It is revealed that when fought with the character Dash on Titania, that Andross had children and evidently a grandchild, Dash Bowman. When the boss is defeated, the team learns that the item being protected by the Anglars was a machine that would be used to purify the acidic Venom Ocean. This now allows ships to fly in the ocean without corrosion.

Relatives
Andross has only two known relatives, his nephew Andrew Oikonny and his grandson Dash Bowman. Since Andross' surname has never been revealed, it is unknown whether he had a son or a daughter. All that is known is that he did have a child, evidence being the existence of his grandson, Dash. Andrew Oikonny's parents have never been referred to, all that is stated is that he is Andross' nephew.

Often referred to by his surname Oikonny. He is not much of a pilot or a fighter. He is somewhat of a boastful coward. During the time of the Lylat Wars, Andrew flew for Star Wolf, a group of mercenaries hired by Andross to destroy the Star Fox team. After Andross was thought to be killed, Andrew left Star Wolf to avenge his uncle's death. Nine years later, Andrew formed a rebellion with Andross's remaining troops against the Cornerian Army. Fox McCloud and the Star Fox team tracked him down to the planet Fortuna, where he was shot down by a large Aparoid. Andrew has been revealed to have survived his encounter with the Aparoid, as he appears again in Star Fox Command. He cowardly joins the Anglar Empire (instead of aid his younger cousin Dash) and confronts Star Fox in Fichina City piloting the Death Crab. He was soundly defeated in the ensuing battle, though not killed. He and Dash don't encounter each other in the game.
 * Andrew Oikonny (Nephew)

He is a brave young pilot in the Cornerian Army, as well as the grandson of Andross. He thinks very highly of Fox and Falco, and wishes to join the Star Fox team. Despite his grandfather's dark ways, he still thinks highly of his grandfather's forgotten aspirations, and wishes to carry on his legacy of making Lylat a better place. However, Dash's true future remains uncertain. Depending on the paths chosen, he will either join Falco's new team Star Falco, become the new emperor of Venom and start a war, or become the leader of Venom with an unspecified future. The aircraft Dash pilots is called the Monkey Arrow which has a twin laser and single lock. He first appears in Star Fox: Command.
 * Dash Bowman (Grandson)


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Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Star Fox team

The Star Fox team is a fictional team of mercenary heroes in the |Star Fox series of video games.

The Arwing is the team's primary spacecraft, and the Great Fox is the base of operations of the team. Their signature symbol is a winged fox, which is shown red in the Great Fox, and white in the Arwings. In Assault, Fox sports the symbol on his left shoulder pad, and Falco on his left hand. This symbol also appears in the Super Smash Bros. series as Fox and Falco's symbol.

Members

 * James McCloud was the leader of the Star Fox team and an expert pilot. He was very determined about his work, but never seemed to panic whenever things went awry. He fell into a trap led by Pigma, and was supposedly killed by Andross. He was very good friends with both Peppy Hare and General Pepper.

 * Peppy Hare was a very good friend of James and considerate of others. He learned much from James, and was saved numerous times by him in battle.

 * Pigma Dengar joined the team after its formation, but only cared about the large paycheck he received. When Andross offered Pigma more money, he accepted and left Star Fox, but not before betraying James and Peppy.

Star Fox during the Lylat war.
On the Cornerian-Venomian conflict seen in Star Fox 64, General Pepper enlisted the help of a new Star Fox team lead by James' son Fox McCloud. He sent Star Fox on a mission to destroy Andross and end the conflict; Star Fox arrived in Venom, where Fox fought against Andross alone and defeated him.

Members

 * Fox McCloud was the new leader of Star Fox, and had a serious, but considerate personality akin to his father's. Occasionally he would joke around or share bits of sarcasm with his teammates, however. He single-handedly defeated Andross on the planet Venom. Age: 18

 * Peppy Hare was a veteran pilot and flew for the original Star Fox team. He is a kind and caring character, who was always giving advice to other members of the team, including the infamous "Do a Barrel Roll!". He is the one who tells you where the enemy bosses' weakspots are. Age: 41

 * Slippy Toad was a young pilot, he was very emotive and often getting into trouble. He was a extremely skilled mechanic who created many gadgets for the team. He is also the one who analyzes the bosses' shield, showing you how much life energy they have left. Age: 18

 * Falco Lombardi, a former gang member, was a highly skilled pilot with a bitter attitude. He often seemed to only really look out for himself, but deep down, he found Fox to be a great leader and friend. He never shows it but he has respect for anyone more skilled than him. Age: 19

Support Personnel

 * ROB 64 (a.k.a. ROB), The Robotic Computer of the Star Fox team, ROB is the Great Fox's android pilot.

Allies

 * General Pepper: General of the Cornerian army who hires the Star Fox team to assist the Cornerian Army against the threat of Andross and his Venomian Army. He gives the team their mission briefings before each level.

 * Bill Grey, commander of the Husky and Bulldog squadrons and under the command of General Pepper; he is an old friend of Fox's and he assists the Star Fox team on some of their missions.

 * Katt Monroe was once romantically involved with Falco, though she seems little interested in acknowledging it now; she is a skilled pilot, and helps the Star Fox team on some of their missions.

Star Fox during General Scales invasion of Sauria
In Star Fox Adventures, there is a disturbance on Dinosaur Planet, and the Star Fox team is sent to fix it before the catastrophe affects the whole Lylat System. Falco had left the team to fly solo, and with the mission to Sauria taking place mostly on foot, Peppy and Slippy stay on the Great Fox to act as support.

Members

 * Fox McCloud goes it pretty much alone in this adventure, leaving the rest of the team on the Great Fox, showing that he is as adept at hand-to-hand combat as he is at flying an Arwing. Age: 26

 * Peppy Hare steps away from the Arwing to give Fox advice over the communicator. Age: 49

 * Slippy Toad is the team's mechanic, and helps Fox by developing various gadgets for him to use, such as the translator that lets him speak Dino-language. Age: 26

 * ROB 64 has fallen into disrepair, as did the Great Fox itself, due to a lack of funding during peacetime after the Lylat Wars; as a result, ROB makes a few mistakes when sending supplies down to Fox.

Allies

 * General Pepper: General of the Cornerian Army. He hires the Star Fox team to investigate the strange happenings on Sauria (Dinosaur Planet) and find a way to stabilize the planet and bring it back together, believing that the destruction of Sauria could affect the Lylat System as a whole. He shows Fox's status and items on the pause menu.

 * Krystal, a tribal looking blue vixen, is introduced in this game, but aside from telepathically instructing Fox on how to use her staff, she is little more than the game's damsel in distress. Age: 19

 * Prince Tricky is a young Earthwalker who aids Fox on Dinosaur planet, and acts as Fox's sidekick—whether the space hero likes it or not. He was made an honorary member of the team at the end of the game.

 * Falco Lombardi, a former Star Fox member who left on his own, and returns at the end to help Fox. Age: 27

Star Fox during the Aparoid Invasion
When the Aparoid race invaded the Lylat System in Star Fox: Assault, the Star Fox team was hired by General Pepper to slow down the invasion, and eventually Beltino Toad was able to code an apoptosis program to destroy the Aparoid Queen and the Aparoids. Star Fox invaded the Aparoid Homeworld and destroyed the Queen.

Members

 * Fox McCloud is the leader of the team. Over the years he had developed somewhat of a more sarcastic persona, but still remains a loyal and admirable leader. He has a certain interest in Krystal that goes beyond just partnership, but is embarrassed whenever someone brings it up, especially Krystal herself. Age: 27

 * Falco Lombardi is the ace pilot of Star Fox team. He is known to be very arrogant sometimes, but has lightened up since the events in the Lylat Wars. He headed out on his own for a few years, but returned, saying "the team is like family". Age: 28

 * Slippy Toad is a very skilled mechanic, with a habit of getting into trouble occasionally. He has matured over the years and became more responsible, but expresses emotions much more prominently than others. Age: 27

 * Krystal is the newest member of Star Fox, and the team's telepath; she is very caring for others, and is difficult to upset or anger. She has a crush on Fox, and drops several subtle hints, but doesn't outwardly show it otherwise. Age: 20

Support Personnel

 * Peppy Hare is no longer on active flight duty, and now takes the role of general advisor. He gives the team useful information and mission updates as well as sending down Arwings and Landmasters through the Great Fox's Transfer System. Age: 50

 * ROB 64 is the Great Fox's android pilot, and like the ship itself, was upgraded and refitted after the mission on Dinosaur Planet, in Star Fox Adventures.

Allies

 * General Pepper: General of the Cornerian Army (although it seems he will retire soon). He once again hires the Star Fox Team for their aid against the remaining Venomian Forces, then soon after to aid them against the invading Aparoids. Sometime in the game he and his flagship are infected by the Aparoids as well and Fox is forced to fight him. It seems the General is about to die but Peppy saves him at the last second by catching the Flagship on his Arwing to prevent it from taking as much damage from the imminent crash.

 * Beltino Toad: The chief technician of the Cornerian Army and Slippy's father. He assists the Star Fox team with valuable information and has them find the Aparoid Core Program that Pigma stole in order to find the location of the Aparoid Homeworld. He also developed the program to initiate Apoptosis in the Aparoid Queen, as well as all other Aparoids, to cause them to self destruct, thus ending their threat completely.

 * Prince Tricky: Tricky makes a brief appearance in Star Fox Assault, now as a young adult and the new King Earthwalker. He meets up with Fox and Krystal after they liberate Sauria from the Aparoids and prods them on about their relationship. He asks Fox if he could join them in their battle against the Aparoids but Fox reminds him of his responsibilities of being the king and informs them that he is needed for Sauria's dinosaurs.

 * Star Wolf Team: Star Fox engages Star Wolf at the Sargasso Hideout, but afterwards, they come to their aid when the Aparoids take over Corneria City. They come once again to assist them in defending the Orbital Gate from the missile attack, and one last time inside the Aparoid Homeworld Core.

Star Fox during the Anglar threat
At the beginning of Star Fox Command, team Star Fox consists only of Fox McCloud and ROB 64. Later on Fox gains the help of former team mates. There are 9 endings to Star Fox Command. Although some endings show team members leaving/joining, most show the team back together again.

 * Fox McCloud is the sole remaining member of Star Fox at the start, and continues to play throughout all of the endings. Appears and/or is mentioned in all of the endings except for the sixth ending, "Dash Makes a Choice," and the seventh ending, "Slippy's Resolve." Age: 29.

 * ROB 64 pilots the newest version of the Great Fox, which serves as a mothership for Fox and his allies. He is shown as a supporter rather a fighter.

 * Slippy Toad, although he left to settle down with his fiancee, Amanda, he instantly jumped back into his Arwing when Fox needed help. Appears and/or is mentioned in the first ending, "Fox and Krystal," the third ending, "The Anglar Emperor," and the seventh ending, "Slippy's Resolve." Age: 29.

 * Falco Lombardi once again took to the skies in a solo career, but after finding no excitement, he decided to help Fox once more in several storylines. Appears in the first ending, "Fox and Krystal", the second ending, "Good-bye, Fox", the third ending, "The Anglar Emperor," the eighth ending, "Pigma's Revenge," and the ninth ending, "The Curse of Pigma." Age: 30.

 * Krystal, heartbroken after her break-up with Fox, left the team to Fox's request. However, she does make her return to fight the Anglar threat. She appears in endings one through five, "Fox and Krystal," "Good-bye, Fox," "The Anglar Emperor," "Star Wolf Returns!," and "Lucy and Krystal," in numerical order. Age: 22.

 * Peppy Hare has become the newest General of the Cornerian Army, replacing Pepper, but returns to active flight duty to help out Fox with the Anglar threat, but only in the second ending's final mission. He appears in the fifth ending, "Lucy and Krystal". Age: 52.

Allies

 * Katt Monroe returns (albeit with an entirely new appearance) to help Falco in his time of need, as well as Lucy. She is shown in the fifth ending, "Lucy and Krystal," and in the eighth ending, "Pigma's Revenge."

 * Amanda, Slippy's fiancee, was eager to help Slippy and the rest of the team. She appears in the first ending, "Fox and Krystal," as a member of the team, in the fourth ending, "Lucy and Krystal", celebrating along with the other girls, and in the seventh ending, "Slippy's Resolve," as Slippy's wife.

 * Lucy Hare is Peppy's only child, and occasionally will help Fox. She appears in the fifth ending, "Lucy and Krystal," and her daughter appears in the second ending, "Good-bye, Fox."

 * Bill Grey, an old friend of Fox's, will help the crew fight off the Anglars. He appears in no endings, and makes a cameo appearance in nearly every Katina mission.

 * Dash Bowman, Andross's grandson with very little of his grandfather's personality also assists Fox and Falco in some missions. Appears in the first ending, "Fox and Krystal," the sixth ending, "Dash Makes a Choice," and the eighth ending, "Pigma's Revenge."

 * Star Wolf will also help in some missions. In one storyline, Wolf alone joins with Fox, and in another, the entire team (except Wolf) will go on a mission with Fox. The whole Star Wolf team appears in the third ending, "The Anglar Emperor," and the fourth ending, "Star Wolf Returns!"

 * Beltino Toad, Slippy's father who appears on a space station in the Asteroid Belt. He informs Star Fox of the Anglar base on Venom and convinces Fox to patch his relationship with Krystal. He and Slippy also equip Fox's Arwing II with a Multi-Lock.

Star Fox in Nintendo Power's Star Fox comic
Appearing in Nintendo Power magazine as part of a monthly comic, this team is derived from the Star Fox team found in the original SNES game, Star Fox, and features a new character that wasn't found in any of the games.

Originally part of the Cornerian Defense Force, they were exiled by the Cornerian Leadership in fear of Fox's protests against Andross during his rise to power. They were forced to flee and live as outlaws on Papetoon where they made a living of raiding Imperial Scows and delivering the supplies to the oppressed villagers. They were then recruited by General Pepper to take control of the Arwings as a Last Resort to stop Andross once and for all.

 * Fox McCloud, son of the finest pilot on Corneria and the top student of his class at the Academy. He could fly circles around a Flea, endure days of Gravity Training, recite the Cornerian Constitution backwards and belch on command. Develops a prosperous relationship with Fara Phoenix.

 * Falco Lombardi, a member of a gang of space hot-rodders, Falco wanted to fly so Fox showed him the way. He cleaned up his act and entered the Cornerian Academy to earn his wings. His piloting skill is second only to Fox.

 * Peppy Hare, a wise rabbit with acute hearing and sharp eyesight, the comic doesn't go into much detail about Peppy and his past.

 * Slippy Toad, team Mechanic in charge of keeping the Arwings maintained and in working condition as well as modifying them for a specific situation. Being the least experienced in combat tends to make him the most vulnerable. Has a girlfriend name Croakella. In part 2 of the Comic, his Choker is a string of Sleeping Gas Pellets which only he has immunity to its effect.

 * Fara Phoenix, daughter of the Spaceship Magnate and a Chief Test Pilot of the Cornerian Defense Forces. Introduces the Starfox team to the new SFX Arwing Fighters and later provides crucial support for the team. After the first test flight, she joins them, and develops a prosperous relationship with Fox McCloud.


text: File:Andross.jpg

title: File:Andross.jpg


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Metroid Prime: Hunters/About

History of this Wikibook
The Wikibook on Metroid Prime: Hunters was began on September 7th, 2005. It was restored from deletion on June 29th, 2021 after being dormant since October 7th, 2005.

title: Metroid Prime: Hunters/About


text: File:StarmanSMB.gif

title: File:StarmanSMB.gif


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Mario Party/About

History of this Wikibook
This Wikibook was started on July 20th, 2021, initially consisting of imported Wikipedia content dating back to 2007.

title: Mario Party/About


text: Template:StrategyWikiPartial

title: Template:StrategyWikiPartial


text:
Template talk:StrategyWikiPartial

Why I made this template
This template exists to be an alternative to Template:StrategyWiki for a few weird edge cases where more generalized language is fitting. These are mostly involving books which were started at Wikibooks, had most of their development at StrategyWiki, and then were imported back to Wikibooks. In most cases of StrategyWiki imports the main Template:StrategyWiki should be used instead. --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Added StrategyWiki logo. --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 22:11, 3 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Template talk:StrategyWikiPartial


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Learn Shavian

Introduction

There is much information about the Shavian alphabet, but there is no proper book that guides one through learning to read and use this alphabet.

This book will enable you to gradually learn the Shavian alphabet for every day, practical use.

Method
Beginning with the vowels, you will be introduced to small groups of letters, one at a time.

Each letter introduction will contain a vocabulary section that show the letters within words that you already recognize.

The vocabulary will be utilized in a practice reading text.

This book follows the recommended spellings as explained at Shavian.Info. And by the end of this book, you should comfortably recognize at least the most frequent English words.

Content

 * Vowels
 * 1 - if and eat
 * 2 - egg and age
 * 3 - ash and ice
 * 4 - ado and up
 * Reading Practice 1
 * 5 - on and oak
 * 6 - wool and ooze
 * 7 - out and oil
 * 8 - ah and awe
 * Reading Practice 2

 * Ligatures
 * 9 - are and or
 * 10 - air and err
 * 11 - array and ear
 * 12 - ian and yew
 * Reading Practice 3

 * Consonants
 * 13 - peep and bib
 * 14 - tot and dead
 * 15 - kick and gag
 * 16 - fee and vow
 * Reading Practice 4
 * 17 - thigh and they
 * 18 - so and zoo
 * 19 - sure and measure
 * 20 - church and judge
 * Reading Practice 5
 * 21 - yea and woe
 * 22 - hung and ha-ha
 * 23 - loll and roar
 * 24 - mime and nun
 * Reading Practice 6

title: Learn Shavian


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Learn Shavian/Vowels

There is a logical design to the Shavian alphabet. Sounds that are related usually have some similarities in the way the letters look as well.

We will begin by teaching you the vowels of Shavian.

We will replace standard English vowels with Shavian vowels and keep the English consonants.

This will allow you to gradually learn the Shavian letters little by little while also leveraging your existing knowledge of English.

Starting with the vowels will be good because Latin English vowels are already so nonsensical that this will be a benefit to you no matter what you end up doing with Shavian. It will get you thinking more about all of the strange homonyms and pronunciations in English.

title: Learn Shavian/Vowels


text:
Learn Shavian/Vowels/1

The first two letters you will learn are called if and eat. They look like this

You can imagine that someone wanted to make the if letter longer, so they broke it in the middle and tried to pull it apart to lengthen it. That is how we got the eat letter.

Reading Practice
Now w𐑰 can use th𐑰se letters 𐑦n some text like th𐑦s.

𐑦n the quaint v𐑦ll𐑦ge of W𐑦llow Cr𐑰k, L𐑦l𐑰, a l𐑦ngu𐑦st𐑦cs 𐑦nthus𐑰ast, d𐑦scovered an old manuscr𐑦pt contain𐑦ng m𐑦sterious s𐑦mbols. 𐑦ntr𐑰gued, sh𐑰 𐑦mbarked on a l𐑦ngu𐑦st𐑦c journ𐑰, unravel𐑦ng the en𐑦gma. The gl𐑦phs led her to an ancient librar𐑰, where sh𐑰 met an 𐑦ccentr𐑦c librarian named B𐑦ll𐑰. W𐑦th a tw𐑦nkle 𐑦n h𐑦s eye, B𐑦ll𐑰 r𐑦v𐑰led the s𐑰crets of a forgotten langu𐑦ge, 𐑦gnit𐑦ng L𐑦l𐑰's cur𐑦os𐑦t𐑰. Am𐑦dst dust𐑰 tomes, they d𐑦ciphered 𐑦ntr𐑦cate scr𐑦pts, 𐑦mmers𐑦ng themselves 𐑦n the thr𐑦ll of l𐑦ngu𐑦st𐑦c exploration. As they uncovered h𐑦dden phonet𐑦c patterns, the echoes of “𐑦f” and “𐑰t” resonated through the silent corr𐑦dors, transform𐑦ng the forgotten 𐑦nto a l𐑦ngu𐑦st𐑦c s𐑦mphon𐑰.

title: Learn Shavian/Vowels/1


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User talk:Mgendy00

User Mgendy00 (discuss • contribs) 18:19, 26 July 2021 (UTC) talk page

title: User talk:Mgendy00


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Learn Shavian/Vowels/2

The next two letters you will learn are called egg and age. They look like this

Say "egg" and "age" aloud. Focus on the vowel sounds. Notice that age sounds a bit more top-heavy, almost like it is rolling over the top part of a roller coaster.

Now notice how the letter age shows that top-rolling-ness in the letter itself, as compared to egg.

Reading Practice
Now w𐑰 can use th𐑰se l𐑧tters 𐑦n some t𐑧xt like th𐑦s.

The d𐑱 c𐑱me wh𐑧n I wanted to l𐑰ve. 𐑦t m𐑱de m𐑰 f𐑰l a gr𐑱t sorrow. I 𐑦mbarked on a qu𐑧st for a new r𐑧lm, where 𐑧choes of 𐑧loquence and the 𐑧l𐑦gance of phon𐑧t𐑦cs danced 𐑦n the air. As I traveled, the w𐑦nd wh𐑦spered t𐑱les of phon𐑰mes, and 𐑧ver𐑦 s𐑦llable unfolded like a d𐑧l𐑦cate m𐑧lod𐑦. 𐑦n th𐑦s l𐑦ngu𐑦st𐑦c od𐑦ss𐑦, the “𐑧gg” r𐑧son𐑱ted w𐑦th earnestness, while the “𐑱ge” 𐑦xuded an 𐑦thereal allure. The journ𐑦 b𐑦c𐑱me a s𐑦mphon𐑦 of sounds, 𐑰ch vowel sh𐑱p𐑦ng a chapter 𐑦n the narrat𐑦ve of d𐑦parture and d𐑦scover𐑦.

title: Learn Shavian/Vowels/2


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Learn Shavian/Vowels/Reading Practice 1

By this point, you should know the following 8 Shavian vowels. In the below text, we will utilize all of these letters. Read carefully and have fun!

Text
𐑩 scorpion and 𐑩 frog m𐑰t on the b𐑨nk of 𐑩 str𐑰m and the

scorpion asks the frog to c𐑨rr𐑦 h𐑦m 𐑩cross on 𐑦ts b𐑨ck. The

frog asks, “How do 𐑲 know you won’t st𐑦ng m𐑰?” The scorpion

s𐑧s, “B𐑦cause 𐑦f 𐑲 do, 𐑲 w𐑦ll d𐑲 too.”

The frog 𐑦s s𐑨t𐑦sf𐑲ed, and th𐑱 s𐑧t off. M𐑦dstr𐑰m,

the scorpion st𐑦ngs the frog. The frog f𐑰ls the ons𐑧t of

par𐑨l𐑩s𐑦s and starts s𐑦nk𐑦ng 𐑳nder the water. Know𐑦ng th𐑱 both w𐑦ll drown,

the frog h𐑨s just 𐑦n𐑳gh t𐑲me to croak “W𐑲?”

The scorpion r𐑦pl𐑲s: “Th𐑦s 𐑦s m𐑲 n𐑱ture.”

title: Learn Shavian/Vowels/Reading Practice 1


text:
Yoruba/Numbers

One- Ookan Two - Eeji Three -Eeta Four - Eerin Five - Aarun Six - Mefa Seven - Eeje Eight - Eejo Nine - Eesan Ten - Eewa Eleven - Ookanla Twelve - Eejila Thirteen- Etala Fourteen - Erinla Fifteen - Eedogun Sixteen - Eerindilogun Seventeen - Eetadilogun Eighteen - Eejidilogun Nineteen - Ookandilogun Twenty - Ogun Twenty one - Mokanlelogun Twenty two - Mejilelogun Twenty three - Metalelogun Twenty four - Merinlelogun Twenty five - Aarundilogun Twenty six - Medogbon Twenty seven - Metadinlogbon Twenty eight - Mejidinlogbon Twenty nine - Meedogbon Thirty - Ogbon Thirty one - Okanlelogbon Thirty two - Ejilelogbon Thirty three -Metalelogbon Thirty four - Merinlelogbon Thirty five- marundinlogoji Thirty six - merindinlogoji Thirty seven- Ogbonmeje Thirty eight -Mejidinlogoji Thirty nine - Ogbonmesan Forty- Ogoji Forty one - Mokanlelogoji Forty two - mejilelogoji Forty three- Metalelogoji Forty four - Meerinlelogoji Forty five - Marundinladota Forty six - Merindinladota Forty seven - Metadinladota Forty eight - Mejidinladota Forty nine - Mokandinladota Fifty - Aadota Fifty one - Mokanleladota Fifty two - Mejileladota Fifty three - Metaleladota Fifty four - Merinleladota Fifty five - Marundinlogota Fifty six- Meerindinlogota Fifty seven - Metalelogota Fifty eight - mejidinlogota Fifty nine - Mokandinlogota Sixty - Ogota Sixty one - Mokanlelogota Sixty two - Mejilelogota Sixty three - metalelogota Sixty four- merinlelogota Sixty five - Marundinladorin Sixty six - Merindinladorin Sixty seven - Metadinladorin Sixty eight - mejidinladorin Sixty nine - Mokandinladorin Seventy - Aadorin Seventy one - Mokanleladorin Seventy two - mejileladorin Seventy three - metaleladorin Seventy four - Merinleladorin Seventy five - marundinlogorin Seventy six - Merindinlogorin Seventy seven - Metadinlogorin Seventy eight - Mejidinlogorin Seventy nine - Mookandinlogorin Eighty - Ogorin Eighty one - Mookanlelogorin Eighty two - mejilelogorin Eighty three - metalelogorin Eighty four - merinlelogorin Eighty five - Marundinlaadorun Eighty six - Merindinladorun Eighty seven - Metadinladorun Eighty eight - Mejidinladorun Eighty nine - mokandinladorun Ninety - Aadorun Ninety one - Mookanleladorun Ninety two - mejileladorun Ninety three - Metaleladorun Ninety four - Merinleladorun Ninety five - Marundinlogorun Ninety six - Merindinlogorun Ninety seven - Metadinlogorun Ninety eight - Mejidinlogorun Ninety nine - mokandinlogorun Hundred - Oogorun Hundred and one - Ọgọrun le ọkan Hundred and two - Ọgọrun le meji Hundred and three - Ọgọrun le leta Hundred and four - Ọgọrun le Lerin Hundred and Five- Ọgọrun le lerun Hundred and six - Ọgọrun le Mefa Hundred and seven - Ọgọrun le meje Hundred and eight - Ọgọrun le mejo Hundred and nine - Ọgọrun le mesan Hundred and ten - Adọfa Hundred and eleven - Adọfa le okan Hundred and twelve - Adọfa le leji Hundred and thirteen - Adọfa le meta Hundred and fourteen - Adọfa le lerin Hundred and Fifteen - Adọfa le lerun Hundred and sixteen- Adọfa le lefa Hundred and seventeen - Adọfa le meje Hundred and eighteen - Adọfa le mejo Hundred and nineteen- Adọfa le lesan Hundred and twenty - Ọgọfa Hundred and twenty one- Ọgọfa le okan Hundred and twenty two - Ọgọfa le meji

title: Yoruba/Numbers


text:
User:Bddpaux

 * Feel free to leave a message here, but I will very slow to respond.--Bddpaux (discuss • contribs) 19:31, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User:Bddpaux


text:
User talk:2806:101E:A:46D:402C:4DDC:E625:7591

—Eihel (discuss • contribs) 02:40, 27 July 2021 (UTC)


text:
Emulation/PlayStation 2

About PlayStation 2
The PlayStation 2 was a very popular game console in the 2000's. As a result it has a large library of historically and culturally important titles.

Official
Some models of PlayStation 3 used emulation software to play PlayStation 2 games after PlayStation 2 hardware was removed and before the feature was removed in later revisions.

PCSX2

PCSX2 is the premiere PlayStation 2 emulator. It is open source and runs under Windows, Mac, and GNU/Linux. PCSX2 is pluginless, which helps maintainability and usability. PCSX2 supports Vulkan and OpenGL.

AetherSX2
Semi-open port of PCSX2 for Android devices. Free (gratis).

DobieStation
An open source and accuracy focused PlayStation 2 emulator. Very early in development as of 2021.

Play!
Open source high level emulator for traditional computers and mobile. Uses OpenGL or Vulkan. Does not require a PS2 BIOS for operation, but compatibility is lower then some other emulators.

System Files
The PlayStation 2 uses a BIOS, which emulators do not include. To use most PS2 emulators, one must dump a BIOS from a PlayStation 2 they own. There are some emulators which are able to run without a BIOS file.

title: Emulation/PlayStation 2


text:
Emulation/PlayStation 3

RPCS3

RPCS3 is the premiere PlayStation 3 emulator. It is capable of booting all known PS3 software, though not all software boots into a fully playable state. It is open source and runs under Windows, GNU/Linux, and BSD.

title: Emulation/PlayStation 3


text:
Emulation/Xbox

About the Xbox
The original Xbox is notoriously difficult to emulate. The emulation community once commonly underestimated the difficulty of emulating the Xbox due to its similarities with a PC. However, the Xbox is notably different than a standard PC in a number of ways.

Official
The Xbox 360 line, Xbox One line, and Xbox Series line all use emulation to offer backwards compatibility with Xbox games. While not all Xbox games are supported through this lineup, many are, and for these games this option is by far the easiest way to emulate them.

Wikipedia maintains a List of backward-compatible games for Xbox One and Series X, as well as a List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360.

CXBX Reloaded
A more current version of CXBX with somewhat higher capability than the original.

CXBX also aims to emulate Sega Chihiro arcade hardware, which is itself derivative of the Xbox.

CXBX
Among the first Xbox emulators, based on high level emulation. Capable of running homebrew. Limited compatibility.

Dxbx
A now discontinued fork of Dxbx written in Delphi object Pascal. It contained some unique features that other members of the family lack, including a symbol scanning engine.

XQEMU
A low level open source and portable emulator.

Very computationally demanding and requires numerous files to be dumped from a system to operate.

Other

 * Xeon - Early emulator focused on emulating Halo specifically.

title: Emulation/Xbox


text:
Emulation/Xbox 360

About Xbox 360
The Xbox 360 is notoriously difficult to emulate, though for different reasons then it's predecessor. Unlike its predecessor or successor, it uses a completely different processor architecture. It runs an advanced operating system, and featured fairly powerful hardware that was difficult to emulate on common consumer hardware until the late 2010's.

Xenia
As of 2021 Xenia is currently among the most workable emulators for the Xbox 360.

title: Emulation/Xbox 360


text:
Emulation/Nintendo Switch

About the Nintendo Switch
While the Switch uses a great deal of custom hardware, its computer is very well understood. This is because it is based on a SOC which was also used in other products, making its technical details much better known and accessible than the computer hardware of most consoles.

Yuzu
Yuzu is an open source emulator for Nintendo Switch software that can run under Windows and Linux. It has some compatibility with homebrew and commercial titles.

Ryujinx
Ryujinx is an open source Nintendo Switch emulator.

Skyline
Mobile specific emulator for Android with limited compatibility. HLE open source emulator.

Strato Emulator
Strato Emulator is an open-source compatibility layer for the Nintendo Switch that runs on Android. It is a fork of Skyline Emulator that focuses on the continuation of the original project as Skyline Emulator's development has been put on halt due to copyright reasons.

Hardware considerations
Many major Nintendo Switch games used the touchscreen sparingly, if at all. Thus touch input hardware on the host system is somewhat less important than for other handhelds.

JoyCons, and other switch controllers typically connect over Bluetooth, with some controllers supporting wired USB communication. Both are common standards.

Software considerations
As with any emulator, the primary use of a Switch emulator is to maintain backups of games you own. They can also be used to run and develop homebrew.

The open source Mesosphere firmware is capable of booting some commercial games.

title: Emulation/Nintendo Switch


text:
Emulation/Nintendo 3DS

About Nintendo 3DS
The Nintendo 3DS is a handheld game console that was popular throughout most of the 2010's. Fitted with an autostereoscopic display, the 3DS developed an impressive library of culturally relevant games and software.

Citra
Citra is an open source emulator for Nintendo 3DS software that can run under a number of operating systems. It has decent compatibility with commercial titles.

Hardware
It may be desirable to use a stereoscopic display when emulating a 3DS to take advantage of the 3D effect.

title: Emulation/Nintendo 3DS


text:
Emulation/Game Boy

About Game Boy
While writing a good emulator is never trivial, the Game Boy is commonly considered one of the easier real game consoles to write an emulator for. This makes it a common choice for student projects looking to explore emulation.

Not all Game Boy emulators also emulate Game Boy Color games, as the Game Boy Color computer is different enough to make adding support non-trivial.

Common Game Boy Emulators

 * Many Game Boy Advance emulators also emulate Game Boy hardware.
 * Gambatte - Very accurate open source emulator
 * Gambatte-Speedrun - Fork
 * SameBoy - Open source emulator with good accuracy.
 * BGB - Closed source emulator with very good accuracy.
 * Gnuboy - Open source emulator.
 * Wzonka-Lad is an open source Game Boy emulator for Amiga computers.

title: Emulation/Game Boy


text:
Emulation/SNES

About the SNES
The SNES was host to a number of culturally and historically important video games.

Higan
Higan is an open source SNES emulator with an extremely high accuracy. Higan has expanded support to a number of other systems.

This emulator was formerly known as bsnes, and development began in 2004.

Snes9x
Snes9x Source available for non-commercial use.

ZSNES
ZSNES An early SNES emulator with lower accuracy, but higher performance.

Read more
Read more at Super NES Programming/SNES Emulators.

title: Emulation/SNES


text:
Emulation/GameCube

Dolphin

Dolphin is the premiere GameCube emulator. It is open source and runs under many operating systems.

Dolphin supports netplay for online multiplayer.

Dolphin can also load up to 4 GBA cores to seamlessly emulate GBA linked games, and is compatible with netplay. It can also link with a select few external GBA emulators

GameCube Optical Disks
GameCube Optical disks are notoriously difficult to read with conventional hardware, often requiring a specific DVD drive being used in conjunction with aftermarket firmware and software. A modified Wii is perhaps the easiest way to read disks to create backup media.

title: Emulation/GameCube


text:
Emulation/Wii

Dolphin

Dolphin is the premiere Wii emulator. It is open source and runs under many operating systems.

Wii Optical Disks
Wii Optical disks are notoriously difficult to read with conventional hardware. A modified Wii is the easiest way to read disks to create backup media.

Wiimotes
Since Wiimotes use bluetooth, they are fairly compatible with most bluetooth supporting computers.

title: Emulation/Wii


text:
Emulation/Wii U

About Wii U
The Wii U was a console produced by Nintendo in the early to mid 2010's. It's unusual control scheme lead to a number of unique and historically signficant games being developed for it.

Cemu

Cemu is the premiere Wii U emulator. Unlike most emulators, it is is proprietary and operates on a freemium model.

Cemu runs under Windows.

Decaf
Decaf is an experimental open source Wii U emulator.

Hardware Considerations
The Wii U touchpad is an unorthodox controller. Accurately capturing the feel of using a genuine Wii U gamepad with an emulator may be difficult.

title: Emulation/Wii U


text:
Emulation/N64

About the Nintendo 64
As one of the first widespread 3D focused game consoles, the Nintendo 64 was host to a number of groundbreaking software titles which were historically and culturally important.

Project64
Project64 - Widely used open source Nintendo 64 emulator.

Mupen64Plus
Mupen64Plus - Open source emulator.

Other Emulators

 * 1964 vector.svg 1964 - Open source emulator for Windows. More modern then other historic emulators, it was once quite popular.
 * ParaLLEl RDP - Retroarch core for fast RDP emulation.

Historic Emulators

 * Nemu64 - Historic emulator.
 * Project Unreality - Historic emulator, and perhaps the first legitimate working Nintendo 64 emulator. Now only used out of historic interest.
 * UltraHLE - A pioneering historic emulator. Now only used out of historic interest.

title: Emulation/N64


text:
Emulation/NES

About the Nintendo Entertainment System
The Nintendo Entertainment System and Famicom are historically and culturally important home video game consoles of the 1980's. A number of important series either saw their start on the Famicom or NES.

FCEUX
FCEUX is an open source NES emulator.

PuNES
PuNES is an open source and highly accurate emulator.

Mesen
Though the open source Mesen was discontinued in 2020, it is commonly considered among the best NES emulators. It is noted for its ability to apply 3rd party texture packs to games, greatly enhancing graphical fidelity and creating a remix culture of sorts among its users.

Nestopia
Nestopia is an open source NES emulator focused on accuracy.

As of 2021 the original project is abandoned, but it's successor fork Nestopia UE (Undead Edition) remains relevant.

Others

 * NESticle - An early freeware emulator for DOS and Windows 95 based PCs. Now only used out of historic interest or on low spec PCs from the early 1990s.

title: Emulation/NES


text:
Emulation/Nintendo DS

About the Nintendo DS
There are significant software and hardware differences between the original DS / DS lite and the DSi. The DSi features a processor twice as fast as the prior models, and also sports four times as much RAM.

melonDS
melonDS is an open source and performant Nintendo DS emulator. Supports DSi games, microphone input, and local Wi-Fi emulation.

DeSmuME
DeSmuME is a popular Nintendo DS emulator. It is open source and runs under many operating systems.

DraStic
DraStic is a proprietary (closed source) Nintendo DS emulator. Available on Android, it costs money to buy.

No$GBA
No$GBA is a freeware (Gratis) Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS emulator. Supports DSi emulation.

Hardware Considerations
It may be best to use a device with a touch input for Nintendo DS emulation.

title: Emulation/Nintendo DS


text:
User:4nn1l2/Dutch/Translation

Translation • •

To use

 * Example:

title: User:4nn1l2/Dutch/Translation


text:
Levantine Arabic/Verbs motion

This article is in South Levantine.

The present progressive is not used for verbs of motion. An ongoing motion is expressed by the active participle instead.

title: Levantine Arabic/Verbs motion


text: Template:Ajp-wikt

title: Template:Ajp-wikt


text:
Emulation/PC

About PC emulation
PC emulation is a general topic, and can essentially be split into two specialties.

IBM Compatible and DOS
Much of the focus of hobbyist PC emulation lies in emulating the original IBM PC and compatibles. These systems sported a standard architecture, and typically had limited auxiliary capabilities, making their sound, graphical, and other capabilities simple. The IBM compatible library of software is mind-boggling and massive, ranging from the work of bedroom coders to multinational corporations and covering essentially every software genre that was around in the 1980's.

Emulation of DOS may also be desirable for running serious applications. Many obsolete machines and older systems rely on legacy software which will only run under DOS. These machines and systems are often still functional, but require a DOS based computer. DOS emulation may thus be desirable as a way to help bridge a transition to a more sustainable and contemporary system.

Contemporary PC hardware
As the 1990's progressed, operating systems, PC hardware, and other factors lead to much more complex home computer systems. At the same time, this is perhaps one of the most commercially relevant fields of emulation. As devices based on ARM and RISC-V can not natively run programs which are specifically designed for x86 platforms, emulation of x86 PCs has become a desired feature.

Common PC emulators

 * QEMU - For emulating contemporary hardware.
 * DOSBOX - For emulating IBM compatible PCs specifically.

Alternatives to Emulation
Techniques with lower overhead are often preferable to full hardware emulation. This is especially true in cases where high performance is required.
 * Virtual Machines can be used instead of full hardware emulation in many cases. This typically requires that the host system shares an architecture with the virtual machine.
 * Compatibility layers like Wine and its fork Proton can often allow applications to run under unsupported operating systems.

Read More
There is a Wikibook on QEMU.

title: Emulation/PC


text: Template:Ajp-text

title: Template:Ajp-text


text:
Emulation/Amiga

About Amiga
Amiga was a series of high end multimedia computers which were popular from 1985 to the early 1990's, before the original line was discontinued in 1996. Due to their high end graphics capabilities, a number of games were developed for them. A few emulators were actually written to run on the Amiga itself. A number of programmers cut their teeth on the Amiga, which was perhaps a factor which lead to a number of high quality emulators and software support.

UAE
UAE is a common emulator of Amiga software. UAE is free and open source software. It has almost any feature one would need when emulating Amiga hardware, and a number of versions of UAE exist for different platforms.

Other
Fellow is an older Amiga emulator, which was common on older hardware.

System Files
Most Amiga emulators require an Amiga operating system and a boot ROM to run original Amiga software.

Amiga Forever
A legal compilation of the Amiga operating system versions can be had by obtaining the proprietary Amiga Forever package. This is a commercial package from the rights holders which is available fairly cheaply digitally, or a bit more for a physical copy. It contains a number of operating system and boot ROM versions, as well as a number of games and demos.

Alternative Operating Systems
A number of alternative operating systems have been developed to run on Amiga hardware, some of which may also run on Amiga emulators.

Alternatives to Amiga Emulation
Contemporary hardware reimplementations of the Amiga exist, such as the Minimig.

title: Emulation/Amiga


text:
Emulation/Atari 2600

Stella
Stella is a common emulator used for running Atari 2600 software.

title: Emulation/Atari 2600


text: Talk:Saltrabook/Clinical diagnostic guidelines/Mental stress


text:
Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Viburnum opulus

<< Moderately invasive plants at the SCA

Viburnum opulus (cranberrybush)
Viburnum opulus (highbush cranberry or cranberrybush viburnum) has two varieties that are similar in appearance and may both be present at the Skaneateles Conservation Area (SCA).
 * Viburnum opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose or European cranberrybush)
 * Viburnum opulus var. americanum (highbush cranberry or American cranberrybush)

Even though the New York Flora Atlas only lists American cranberrybush in Onondaga County, we have only found European cranberrybush at the SCA and other nearby natural areas. Even the highbush cranberry that the New York State nursery sent with its wildlife packet and was planted in the windbreak is the European variety of cranberrybush, which New York lists as moderately invasive, and it seems to be spreading at the SCA.

Invasiveness ranking for Viburnum opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose)
Guelder rose or European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus var. opulus) received an invasiveness score of 53/79 = 67.09%, which equates to a rank of Moderately Invasive. This plant is therefore not regulated by New York State law.

1. Ecological impact (13/30)
1.1. Impact on Natural Ecosystem Processes and System-Wide Parameters: Unknown

 * Studies on the impacts to ecosystem processes and system-wide parameters are not known.

1.2. Impact on Natural Community Structure: Influences structure in one layer. (3/10)
 * In the Northeast, it can increase the density of the shrub layer.
 * No evidence of significant or major alteration of structure.

1.3. Impact on Natural Community Composition: Influences community composition (3/10)

1.4. Impact on other species or species groups: Moderate impact (7/10)

2. Biological characteristics and dispersal ability (16/22)
2.1. Mode and rate of reproduction: Abundant reproduction (4/4)

2.2. Innate potential for long-distance dispersal: Numerous opportunities (4/4)

2.3. Potential to be spread by human activities: Moderate (2/4)

2.4. Characteristics that increase competitive advantage: Two or more (6/6)

2.5. Growth vigor: Does not form thickets nor have a climbing or smothering growth habit (0/2)

2.6. Germination/Regeneration: Unknown (0/0)

2.7. Other species in the genus invasive in New York or elsewhere: No (0/3) → Yes (3/3)

The following Viburnum species were listed as invasive, but not assessed until shortly after Guelder rose. These all appear to be present in the LISMA PRISM.
 * Siebold’s viburnum (Viburnum sieboldii) is listed with a score of 62.50% (Moderate)
 * Linden arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum) is listed with a score of 57.14% (Moderate)
 * Wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana) is listed with a score of 53.75% (Moderate)
 * Tea viburnum (Viburnum setigerum) is listed with a score of 41.25% (Low)

3. Ecological amplitude and distribution (21/21)
3.1. Density of stands in natural areas in the northeastern USA and eastern Canada

3.2. Number of habitats the species may invade

3.3. Role of disturbance in establishment

3.4. Climate in native range

3.5. Current introduced distribution in the northeastern USA and eastern Canada

3.6. Current introduced distribution of the species in natural areas in the 8 NY PRISMs

4. Difficulty of control (3/6)
4.1. Seed banks

4.2. Vegetative regeneration

4.3. Level of effort required


text:
Talk:African American Vernacular English/Verbs/Aspect

I believe the terms perfect and perfective may be confused on this page.


text:
Pinyin/Johor Bahru

Johor Bahru is the capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia. It is also the center of technology, politics, finance, business and trade, tourism, culture and education in southern Malaysia.

Xīnshān shì Mǎláixīyà Róufú Zhōu de shǒufǔ, yì shì Mǎláixīyà nánbù zhī kējì, zhèngzhì, jīnróng, shāngyè yǔ màoyì, lǚyóu, wénhuà hé jiàoyù zhōngxīn.

title: Pinyin/Johor Bahru


text: Category:Pinyin/Malaysia

title: Category:Pinyin/Malaysia


text:
English-Hanzi/Iskandar Puteri

Iskandar Puteri is a city in the state of Johor, Malaysia. It is also the seat of the state administrative center. It is under the jurisdiction of Iskandar Puteri City Council.

依斯干达公主城是马来西亚柔佛州的城市，也是州行政中心所在地，隶属于依斯干达公主城市政厅.

title: English-Hanzi/Iskandar Puteri


text:
English-Hanzi/Johor Bahru

Johor Bahru is the capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia. It is also the center of technology, politics, finance, business and trade, tourism, culture and education in southern Malaysia.

新山是馬來西亞柔佛州的首府，亦是馬來西亞南部之科技、政治、金融、商業與貿易、旅遊、文化和教育中心.

title: English-Hanzi/Johor Bahru


text:
Emulation/Mac

About the Mac
Classic Mac systems can run a number of historically important software.

title: Emulation/Mac


text:
User:Jccsvq/Abacus diagrams and procedure tables

Using images
Diagrams of this type:

may be tailored in this way

or you can use this rudimentary AWK code: to automatically generate them from an input like: 9 18 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 9 9

txt-abacus
Generated with https://github.com/jccsvq/txt-abacus. Work on my desktop but not on my mobile devices because of accessible fonts. It is better to forget them for now!

9 18 8  0  0  1              9  9  9 ╔═════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║  │  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  │  │  │  ║ ║  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  ║ ║  ●  ●  ●  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ║ ╠═════════════════════════════════════════╣ ║  ●  ●  ●  │  │  ●  │  │  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ║ ║  ●  ●  ●  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ║ ║  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  │  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ║ ║  ●  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ║ ║  │  │  │  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  │  │  │  ║ ║  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  │  │  │  ║ ║  │  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ●  ║ ╚═════════════════════════════════════════╝    A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M

Example data
ABCDEFGHIJKLM| 4567890123|Entering radicand starting in CD (first group) 2          |First root digit in B   -4         |Subtract square of B from first group 2 567890123|Null remainder 4 567890123|Doubling B. Appending next group to remainder 41 567890123|5/4≈1, try 1 as next root digit -4       |Continue division by 41, subtract 1✕41 from EF     -1| 41 157890123|15 as remainder 42 157890123|Double second root digit 42 157890123|Append next group 423157890123|157/42≈3, try 3 as next root digit -12      |Continue division by 423, subtract 3✕423 from E-H -06|     -09|  423 30990123|309 as remainder 426 30990123|Double third root digit 426 30990123|Append next group etc.|

Generated table
After changing caption:


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/John Vickery Brooks

John Vickery Brooks
A comprehensive biography of John Vickery "Jack" Brooks has not yet been prepared for this Wikibook, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:

 * Research - John Vickery Brooks - Summary of research to date

 * Transcriptions and Notes - John Vickery Brooks - More than 10 transcriptions

 * Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - John Vickery Brooks - Nothing uploaded as yet, but many relevant QSLs held

 * Incubator of Wikipedia Article on John Vickery Brooks - Coming real soon now!

Key internet links: eg Maxwell Hull, VK3ZS, Federal Historical Section WIA: biography "Walter Francis Maxwell Howden" in "Amateur Radio" of October 1983

Pending further progress on the foregoing, the following lovely article from xxxxx, summarising Jack's life to 19xx, touches briefly on how much Jack contributed to the development of wireless in Australia in the 1920s


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/John Vickery Brooks/Notes

1923 01
Jack is awarded Education Department Scholarship to University "Education Department Scholarship. MR. J. V. BROOKS SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE. HOBART, Tuesday. A scholarship known as the Tasmanian Education Department Scholarship is offered annually for competition among all pupils of the Tasmanian High Schools under the age of 19 years who have attended a State High School for at least two years, and whose parents are bona fide residents of Tasmania. The value of this scholarship is £20 per annum, and an additional sum of £40 is paid as a boarding allowance if the successful candidate is obliged to live away from home to attend lectures at the University. The Board of Public Examinations of the Tasmanian University determines the successful candidate, and the winner of the scholarship must enter upon a course of dentistry, engineering, or medicine at an approved Australian university. The successful candidate this year is John V. Brooks (a son of the Director of Education), of the Hobart State High School, who obtained credits in trigonometry and physics and passes in English, algebra, geometry, French, chemistry, and applied mathematics."

1924 04
Jack gives an illustrated talk on wireless to a university student group "SWAN-STREET GUILD. After the Easter recess the meetings of the Swan-street Guild were resumed on Saturday night when, although many of the students were still out of town, about 70 members gathered to enjoy an illustrated lecture on 'Wireless,' with special reference to broadcasting which was given by Mr. Jack Brooks who specialises in this as a hobby. In spite of all the reading by the average person, the members were amazed to hear of the tremendous growth of the broadcasting systems, in England especially. After the lecture, for which very hearty thanks were expressed, questions were put to Mr Brooks by many inquirers. Mr. Northey, one of the travelling secretaries for the Student Christian Union, spoke on the great value and the aims of this splendid movement among the students of the universities of the world. He is in Hobart seeking to help on the work in the University."

1924 07
Jack receives KGO with 7RB in attendance "ON THE AIR. Notes from Club and Station. . . . Mr. R. Buring, who supplies us with the diagrams from time to time, was recently with Mr. Jack Brooks, of Adelaide street, when KGO was received. First-class music was picked up from the American station, the only trouble being the 'surging,' which was also noticed by Mr. Cyril Monks, of Lenna, Battery Point."

Jack's circuit for receiving KGO is illustrated "RADIO NOTES FROM HERE AND THERE. . . . Mr. Jack Brooks circuit, with which he picked up KGO, the powerful Californian broadcaster, is given this week. Next week further particulars of the hook-up will be given."

Illustration, as previous "K.G.O. WITH THIS CIRCUIT. (Start Graphic) . . . (End Graphic) With this circuit Hobart listened to America. It is one of the best long-distance 2-valve circuits tested. Condenser across secondary of A.F. Transformer: .0005 m.f.d. With circuit as it stands it may be found that it will 'howl' continuously. If so, try reversing primary of AF transformer. If this does not improve matters, radio frequency transformer coupling should be tried. Batteries should be insulated from earth. With circuit as it stands. KGO has been heard."

1924 09
Jack picks up Watty's broadcast "OUR AMATEUR BROADCASTER. 7AA on Music and Speech. Modulation — perfect. Articulation — perfect. That is the popular verdict on Mr. T. Watkins's transmissions from his experimental station, 7AA, at West Hobart, last week. Mr. Watkins, through his untiring energy and resourcefulness, has evolved a method of broadcasting all his own — and the experimenters of Tasmania are deeply indebted to him. Last week's transmissions were a vast improvement on anything 7AA has ever done. To that fact we have only to add that he was on exceptionally low power during the week — and it is apparent that something is afoot in 'Watty's' little cabin in the west. J. Brooks, in Adelaide street, picked up 7AA so that his telephones rattled. He changed over to a more satisfactory headset, and the music could be heard 50 feet away. D. O'May (Bellerive), reported that with a loud talker phone attachment the music was audible 60 feet from the apparatus. During the evening Mr. Watkins called up Mr. Douglas Chesterman, of Sandy Bay, and announced that he had a letter for him. Mr. Chesterman was not at home, but the message was delivered over the land line to his father by Mr. F. W. Medhurst. A Curious Incident. Though the Western Electric loud talker which Mr. Medhurst was employing to pick up 7AA was many feet away from the telephone, Mr. Chesterman was able to hear Mr. Watkins's voice over the land line just as though he was speaking by phone from West Hobart."

1924 10
Jack's father involved in a program to deploy wireless receivers in Tasmanian schools "WIRELESS IN SCHOOLS. During the last few months the Minister for Education (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie) has been interesting himself in the question of the provision of wireless receiving sets in the State schools throughout Tasmania, and has written to firms in Australia and overseas for quotation for sets. Owing to the fact that the Directors of Education throughout Australia are to meet next month in their annual conference, Mr. G. V. Brooks (Tasmanian Director of Education) has been instructed to raise the question of wireless in schools, and if possible to get the whole of the directors interested in it. The scheme has been carried on very successfully in New South Wales and Mr. Ogilvie is very anxious to get a start here."

1924 12
Jack reports on reception of 3LO Melbourne "WHO WAS IT? Auntie Speaks to the Kids. Uncle Bunny's offsider, Auntie Mary, of 3LO, last Friday afternoon brought joy to the hearts of a host of kiddies in a Malvern garden. A big party was in progress, and Auntie Mary had been asked to say a few words to her little nephews and nieces. This was picked up by Mr. Jack Brooks, of South Hobart. 'Someone came to me, children, and asked where the party was being held. 'Who do you think it was, children?' A moment's silence. Then: 'Father Christmas!' Fifty Yards Away. At the same station on Friday afternoon, orchestral items were picked up from 3LO. At 5.45 last-minute cricket scores were received; also racing news and general sporting results. A stage of tuned anode had been added to Mr. Brooks's apparatus, and this was found to cut down the interference from VIH, at the same time increasing the strength of 3LO's signals to such an extent that the broadcast could be heard fifty yards away, with two stages of audio frequency."

1925 02
Hobart News reflects the excitement of the KDKA shortwave reception in Hobart "KDKA. Pioneers in Long-distance Wireless. Pittsburg to Hobart. All Australia and all America are talking about the great broadcasting achievement of the Westinghouse Company's station KDKA, Pittsburg, U.S.A., which has been conducting a series of highly successful tests with the Commonwealth in conjunction with the Melbourne 'Herald.' It is gratifying to know that Tasmanian experimenters ranked high among those who picked up the American station, reception in every case being almost word perfect. Perhaps the three most notable Tasmanian successes were those achieved by Messrs. T. Watkins, R. O'May and J. Macmillan, of Hobart. Other Hobart radio men to pick up the Americans were Messrs. Jack Brooks and W. Smith, of South Hobart. It is understood that several other persons were able to log KDKA, though no further reports have been received at this office. Altogether the success of the experiment has been very gratifying, and is a great improvement on the previous trans-ocean transmissions from station KGO (California). Truly astonishing results were obtained in several instances by Australian radio fans, certain listeners-in being hardly able to believe their ears when the music and speech came in so easily. (Start Photo Caption) This is the KDKA aerial on the roof of the factory at Pittsburgh, which sent the wireless voice to Australia. It is a rigid perpendicular copper tube 100 feet high. (End Photo Caption)"

1925 03
Watty included in a list of licensed Tasmanian amateurs AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS. The following is a complete list of experimenters holding transmitting licenses in Tasmania:
 * LAUNCESTON:
 * Mr. L. Crooks, 64 Frederick-street 7BQ
 * Mr. C. Scott, 14 Law-street 7CS
 * Mr. E. Sheldrick, Richards-Avenue 7BJ
 * Mr. A. Smith, High-street 7AB
 * Wills and Coy., Quadrant 7BN
 * HOBART:
 * Mr. T. Watkins, Warwick-street 7 AA
 * Mr. R. O'May, Bellerive 7OM
 * Mr. J. Brooks, Adelaide-street .. 7JB
 * Mr. R. Buring, Davey-street .. .. 7AX
 * QUEENSTOWN:
 * Mr. Preston 7BK


text:
User talk:Signal cookbook

Your work cannot be accepted here and has been deleted. All work released here is licensed under CC-BY-SA which allows commercial reuse. Your statement that it is only available for non commercial use is in violation of the license. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 16:01, 28 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Signal cookbook


text:
Dag, Jonathan!

Dag, Jonathan! (Hello, Jonathan!) is the story of a young Englishman who goes to visit his friend in another European country. It is written entirely in the language Negerhollands. It begins with very simple language. The words the reader knows are repeated and new words are added slowly and in context, so that no dictionary is required to read it.

Negerhollands by the Direct Method with Vocabulary Notes
This section introduces an alternative reading of the same story, with a focus on increasing the reader's understanding of vocabulary via notes on etymology (word history and makeup) and related words, particularly in English and Latin.

Die eerste Capittel
Een Man le staen na een Stat. Die Man le skrief een Dag-Buk. Die Man le kik een Stat.

Die Man le staen na een Stat? Ja, hem le staen na een Stat.

Die Man le staen na…een Man? Neen, hem no staen na een Man. Hem le staen na een Stat.

Die Man le staen na een Trein? Neen, hem no le staen na een Trein. Hem le staen na een Stat. Die Man le staen na een Stat.

Die Man le skrief een Dag-Buk? Ja, hem le skrief een Dag-Buk.

Die Dag-Buk le skrief een Man? Neen, die Dag-Buk no le skrief een Man. Dag-Buk no skrief. Man skrief. Die Man le skrief een Dag-Buk.

Die Stat le kik die Man? Neen, die Stat no le kik die Man. Stat no kik. Man kik. Die Man le kik die Stat? Ja, die Man le kik die Stat.

Na wa die Man le staen? Hem le staen na een Stat. Wagut die Man le skrief? Hem le skrief een Dag-Buk. Die Man le kik een Man? Neen, hem no le kik een Man; hem le kik een Stat.

Die Man bin groot. Die Man bin fraej, en die Man bin wies. Hem le denk. Hem le denk na die Stat. Hem le denk: „Wagut die Stat bin? Die Stat bin fraej? Die Stat bin groot?”

Die Man le skrief een Stat? Neen, hem no skrief een Stat; Stat bin groot. Hem le skrief een Dag-Buk; Dag-Buk no bin groot.

Die Dag-Buk le denk na die Man? Neen, Dag-Buk no denk. Man denk. Hem le denk na die Dag-Buk, en hem le denk na die Stat.

En hem le skrief na binne die Dag-Buk. Hem le skrief van die Stat. Hem le skrief: „Die Stat bin fraej, en die Stat bin groot.”

Hem le denk: „Die Stat bin fraej”; hem le denk, dat die Stat bin fraej. Hem le denk: „Die Stat bin groot”; hem le denk, dat die Stat bin groot. Hem le denk na die Stat, en hem le denk na die Dag-Buk.

Wagut die Dag-Buk bin? Die Dag-Buk bin na wa die Man le skrief; hem le skrief na binne die Dag-Buk. Na binne die Dag-Buk, die Man le skrief van die Stat. Na binne die Dag-Buk, die Man no skrief van die Trein; die Man le staen na die Stat, no staen na die Trein. Hem no denk na die Trein; hem le denk na die Stat, die Stat München.

Wagut die Stat bin? Die Stat bin München. Na wa München bin? Die bin na wa die Man le staen. Na wa die Man bin? Hem bin na München.

Ja, München bin een groot Stat, en een fraej Stat. En die Man le denk, dat München bin een fraej Stat, en hem le denk, dat die bin een groot Stat. Die Man bin wies. Hem le seg: „Dag, München!” Hem bin een fraej Man.

Die Man le staen en denk: „Na wa die Trein bin?” hem le kik…hem le kik die Trein! Hem le denk: „Die Trein!” Nu hem no denk na die Dag-Buk en no denk na die Stat; hem le denk na die Trein!

Die tweede Capittel
Nu die Man bin na binne die Trein. Hem no bin na München; hem bin na binne een Trein. Die Pat. Hem le denk: „Nu mie le loop [?] van München na Weenen. Die bin een fraej Pat. ”

title: Dag, Jonathan!


text:
User:Monewa phoshodi/sandbox

God's powerful word

title: User:Monewa phoshodi/sandbox


text:
Emulation/Mega Drive

About Mega Drive
The Sega Mega Drive was a popular console in the 1990's, and continued to be a popular console in some geographic regions well into the 2010's.

SEGA Mega Drive and Genesis Classics
An official emulator and ROM pack developed by SEGA. Includes over 50 officially licensed games as well as an easy to use launcher. ROMS included are compatible with other emulators.

Steam Page

Gens
Gens is an open source Genesis emulator.

DGen
DGen is an open source Genesis emulator.

GPGX
An open source Mega Drive emulator focused on accuracy.

PicoDrive
A source available Mega Drive emulator.

title: Emulation/Mega Drive


text: Category:Book:History of Creative Commons


text:
Emulation/Pokémon Mini

About the Pokémon Mini
The Pokémon Mini is a small cartridge based handheld sold in the early 2000s.

The GPU of the Pokemon Mini is framebuffer based.

Official
Pokémon Channel for the Nintendo Gamecube contains a Pokémon Mini emulator.

GBE+
GBE+ is an open source emulator that supports Pokémon Mini emulation. Notably supports IR multiplayer through netplay.

Read More

 * Edge of Emulation: Pokemon Mini - Writeup on the emulation of the console by a member of the GBE+ project

title: Emulation/Pokémon Mini


text:
Emulation/PlayStation Vita

About PlayStation Vita
Compared to its predecessor, the PlayStation Vita sports a significantly more complex computer. Combined with other factors, because of this little progress in PlayStation Vita emulation has been made.

Vita3K
An experimental open source emulator. It used to have limited homebrew and commercial game compatibility, but recently it is able to play 1000+ games with minor to no issues.

title: Emulation/PlayStation Vita


text:
Emulation/MAME

MAME is an open source emulator of a huge number of systems, particularly arcade machines. If a machine was made before the 2000's, chances are good MAME supports it.

title: Emulation/MAME


text:
Emulation/Other

Emulators exist for a number of niche computer systems.

Mainframes
Sometimes it is desirable to emulate a mainframe computer. Hercules is a common emulator of IBM mainframes.

Pinball
Visual Pinball is a source available pinball machine emulator.

title: Emulation/Other


text:
Emulation/On Xbox Series

By enabling developer mode on an Xbox Series X or Series X console, it is possible to install a variety of emulation software.

title: Emulation/On Xbox Series