text:
Calculus/Hyperbolic logarithm and angles

After Euler's precalculus, the answer for the derivative of log is unexpected, but when information of quadrature of the hyperbola is supplied, then the answer is as expected. Similarly, when the reciprocal of the variable is integrated, and only Euler's precalculus is supplied, then the answer to the integral appears accidental. Informed of the hyperbolic logarithm as a quadrature, the answer is immediate from the definition of log.

Hyperbolic sectors and dented trapezoids
Standard position hyperbolic sectors have a side through (1,1) and the other side through (t, 1/t) where t > 1.

Consider the triangles T = {(0,0), (1,0), (1,1)} and S = {(0,0), (t,0), (t,1/t)}. Then area T = area S = 1/2. For t > 1 a dented trapezoid is obtained from a hyperbolic sector by adding S and subtracting T.

For 0 < t < 1 a dented trapezoid is obtained from the hyperbolic sector by adding T and subtracting S. The area of the dented trapezoid equals the area of the hyperbolic sector in each case as the same area was added as was subtracted.

Hyperbolic rotations
For a positive real number p, a hyperbolic rotation of the plane maps (x,y) to (px, y/p). For any constant c, the hyperbola xy = c is mapped to itself by the hyperbolic rotation, similar to the way the rim of a circular disk is moved, or permuted, by a circular rotation. But a circular rotation preserves distances between points; a hyperbolic rotation preserves areas.

Signed area and directed angles
Circular angle in the range (-π, π) includes negative angles in quadrants III and IV. Suppose area below the x-axis is considered negative, and area above positive. Then the area of a circular sector of a circle of radius √2 with center on the x-axis gives the magnitude of any angle in that range, usually taken with the zero angle pointing right on the axis.

The line y = x is taken to divide the plane into positive and negative halfs for the definition of directed hyperbolic angle. A point (x, y) is in the positive half if x > y. Hyperbolic angle is first defined in quadrant I, with zero angle set by (1,1), and the scope of the angle described by the hyperbola y = 1/x.

Standard position hyperbolic angles have a side through (1,1) and the other side through (p, 1/p) where p is a positive real number. When p > 1, then the magnitude of the angle is positive, while 0<p<1 gives a negative angle as the magnitude is given by sector area, taken to be negative on the upper side of y = x.

For an arbitrary interval [a, b] in the positive real numbers, there are hyperbolic angles in standard position to (a, 1/a) and (b, 1/b). Subtracting the first from the second gives a hyperbolic angle that corresponds to a dented trapezoid over the interval, and having an area log b – log a.

Furthermore, p = 1/a produces a hyperbolic rotation which moves the hyperbolic angle to standard position with one side on (b/a, a/b). The area of this rotated angle is log (b/a), and since hyperbolic rotation preserves areas, the hyperbolic logarithm has the property log b – log a = log (b/a).

The hyperbolic logarithm and hyperbolic rotation were described by Gregoire de Saint-Vincent in 1647. By exploiting the number p = e = 2.71828... Leonard Euler circumvented the hyperbolic logarithm in 1748 through invocation of the inverse  of the exponential function ex. Following Euler, the function is known as the "natural logarithm".

Application of hyperbolic angle in kinematics in described in a later chapter of this wikibook: Hyperbolic angle.


text:
Selected Essays/My Childhood Memories

Childhood memories are the sweetest things in a human mind. Nobody can forget one’s childhood memories whether pleasant or painful. When I think back about my childhood, many vivid memories spring to my mind. Some are pleasant while some are painful.

Regardless of the quality I attach to these memories, they constitute the early experiences of my life and they help to make me the person that I am today. “Sweet childish days, there were as long as twenty days are now” aptly said William Wordsworth.

The most vivid memory that I have is about the time I fell from a coconut tree. Though I fell from about three feet, I dislocated my elbow. I can still recall the process of falling and the immense pain and discomfort afterwards. I was about five at that time. The accident makes me extra careful whenever I climb a tree now. A repetition of a bad experience is definitely not welcomed.

As I grew older, I remember sitting sidesaddle on the horizontal bar of my elder brother’s bicycle while he pedaled us towards a small farm nearby. There we would feed ourselves on the way back. I had to watch out for the police because my brother told me that I if ere to caught riding sidesaddle, the police would arrest me and put me in jail. Now I know that he was just frightening me to be on the alert. He was too lazy to watch out for the police himself. Even this small fear had some kind of enjoyment.

My elder brother taught me many things. I learned to make flyable kites and spinning tops. In addition, we would go around fishing. Catching fish had its ups and downs. Ups when we managed to catch a small amount of fish, and downs when we ourselves became the victims of water leeches. Ugh! Just thinking of them now makes me feel creepy. We learned to respect the living creatures in the countryside.

No single living being rules nature. We are the hunters and the haunted at the same time. The most important thing is to recognise our position. Or to put it better in George Eliot’s words: “We could never have loved the Earth so well if we had no childhood in it.”

The pleasure of outdoor games in all kinds of weather, getting wet in the rain or soaking with sand, can never come back again. The golden days were tension free and care free from all sorts of duties and responsibilities. Even the fights had its own charms.

Each game played, each activity performed taught a unique lesson of life. Ironically as a child, I always wanted to grow up fast, now that I am growing and had grown up I want to be a child again and relive everything. Later on my elder brother went overseas for further studies. I miss him but fortunately I had a group of fiends living in the neighbourhood. We would play all sorts of games and go exploring all sorts of places. We were lucky to live at the fringe of town where the natural surroundings were not destroyed yet.

Now the streams and farm are gone, the victims of polluted drain was one a stream of cool clear water, brimming with life. No longer can we hear the call of the birds and animals. Instead, we hear impatient blast of car horns and the roar of bulldozers churning up the once beautiful land.

I mourn the destruction of the living bountiful land and the subsequent erection of nameless houses all arranged in neat sterile rows. I wonder what sort of childhood memories that children living in these houses will have. Especially in this technological world, the glory and enjoyment of outdoors games seems completely lost for these children.

As years rolled by, my friends and I grew up. Most of them have left the neighbourhood for more lucrative jobs I in the big cities. Some of us remained over here. We have lost our childhood. We are like stranger to one another now, for we have our separate lives to life. The only thing that binds us together is the fact that we share the same childhood memories, memories that we will always treasure.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Selected Essays/My Childhood Memories


text:
User:Daniellinus

Studying chemistry

title: User:Daniellinus


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1948 11

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/-

Vol. 13 - No. 6; NOVEMBER, 1948

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 13 - NOVEMBER, 1948 - No. 6

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Technical Editor — Paul Stevens, 21 Fletcher's Av., Bondi, N.S.W. Phone: FW6157

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Ham Notes By — Don B. KNOCK (VK2NO), 43 Yanko Av., Waverley, N.S.W.

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

In Victoria: R. L. McKillop, Regency Advertising Contractors, 60 Market St., Melbourne. Phone M1279

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington.

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 12/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.44)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

De-Luxe Amateur Receiver. . . . 5

Equipment Valves For 1949. . . . 9

The Man Before Marconi. . . . 11

Junior Feedback Amplifier. . . . 15

Home-Made Hi-Fi Pick-Ups. . . . 17

A Personal Radio Set. . . . 19

The "Q-Plus" Coils. . . . 22

Resistor Faults. . . . 25

R.C.S. Coils Submerged. . . . 29

Tuning Range For Receivers. . . . 30

Among Our Readers. . . . 31

Calling C.Q. .. . . 35

Shortwave Review. . . . 39

Speedy Query Service. . . . 42

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

The announcement that the Government intends to restrict the use of Frequency Modulation to the national broadcasting service is a sad blow to the radio industry. Frequency modulation offers great possibilities for expansion and development, if only we were blessed with authorities who would allow the ether to be as free as the air we breathe or even as open as the roads we travel. The use of F.M. could be a boon to civilisation. Imagine the radio development which would follow if the present broadcasting system was retained intact, but 25 extra F.M. stations licensed in every major town. You could have a station for the local newspaper in Bathurst, for example, as well as one operated by each local church, another by the Masonic lodge, another by the local town Council, one by the local departmental store. And then at Orange, a few miles away, you could have another twenty-five stations, operating on similar wavelengths, yet not interfering with the Bathurst stations. Each transmitter could be a simple affair with a power rating of a hundred watts or less and costing about £100. With such a set-up it would be only a matter of months before every home would have an F.M. receiver a long side the present receiver. What objection can be raised to such a scheme is beyond me. Possibly the present owners of commercial licences would be afraid lest so many additional licences would affect the goodwill of their present licences. As it is, I will be amazed if there is a rush of buyers for F.M. sets on which to receive a relay of the national programme. — A. G. HULL.


text:
Talk:Fundamentals of Transportation/Traffic Flow/Solution

If a passenger car is moving at a speed of 65 km/h on the shown road, determine the minimum horsepower needed. The car is moving on a straight part of 5% upgrade, then a horizontal curve of 500 m radius. Assume the gross weight of the car is 4000 lb and the cross-sectional area of the car is 4 m2.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1948 12

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/-

Vol. 13 - No. 7; DECEMBER 15, 1948

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 (sic, 13) - DECEMBER, 1948 - No. 7

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Technical Editor — Paul Stevens, 21 Fletcher's Av., Bondi, N.S.W. Phone: FW6157

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Ham Notes By — Don B. KNOCK (VK2NO), 43 Yanko Av., Waverley, N.S.W.

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

In Victoria: R. I. McKillop, Regency Advertising Contractors, 60 Market St., Melbourne. Phone M1279

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington.

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 12/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.36)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Car-Lectric. . . . 5

Dials and Cabinets. . . . 15

Infinite Impedance Detector. . . . 20

Communications Receivers. . . . 21

Home Recording Hints. . . . 25

Progress In British Radio. . . . 27

Mullard Receivers. . . . 29

Notes From My Diary. . . . 31

Speedy Query Service. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

In last month's issue I deplored the position into which F.M. has drifted. In response I have had a number of letters from amateur experimenters who want to know why the "hams" cannot be brought to the rescue. Before broadcasting was either national or commercial it was the amateurs who first started sending out music. Right up until just before the last war there were a number of amateur stations allowed to broadcast music and programmes after the ordinary stations closed down, and on Sunday mornings before they opened. Why cannot amateurs be licensed to broadcast with F.M. as freely as possible? They would soon create their own audience and open up a big field for experimenting. F.M. receivers and adaptors are not difficult to build or get going once you appreciate the special technique necessary. At first they seem a little critical but you soon get used to them. Several firms have F.M. adaptors and kits of parts ready for release, but who would want to be forced to listen to nothing but National programmes which are already being broadcast in the ordinary way? Let the amateurs have a go at F.M. and I'll bet that within a few years there will be thousands upon thousands of F.M. sets in use, with quite a revival in the radio industry. Such a plan will not cost the taxpayers a penny, either. — A. G. HULL.


text:
Tongan

Table of Contents

 * /Greeting/
 * /Phrases/
 * /Adjectives/
 * /Vocabulary/

title: Tongan


text:
Tongan/Adjectives

 * Happy - fiefia

title: Tongan/Adjectives


text:
Tongan/Greeting

 * Greetings to you - maaloo e tau lava

title: Tongan/Greeting


text:
Tongan/Vocabulary

 * Mother - fa'ee
 * Father - tamai

title: Tongan/Vocabulary


text:
Tokelauan

Table of Contents

 * /Greeting/
 * /Phrases/
 * /Sentences/
 * /Vocabulary/

title: Tokelauan


text:
Tokelauan/Phrases

 * You are a good child : te tamalelei oo koe
 * Listen here : fakalogo mai
 * You are a good girl : te teine lelei oo koe

title: Tokelauan/Phrases


text:
CLEP College Algebra/Exponents

Imagine there was a natural number $$a$$ that was added to itself repeatedly over $$b$$ times. The integer $$a$$ is called the multiplicand (the thing being multiplied) while $$b$$ is the multiplier (the thing you are multiplying to the multiplicand). The result of this operation is the product. We refer to this specialized operation, $$P(a,b)$$, as multiplication, which is one of the definitions of multiplication:
 * $$P(a,b)=\underbrace{ a+a+a+\cdots+a+a+a }_{b}\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}a\cdot b=a\times b=a(b)=ab$$

This idea does not seem to work for integers. Let $$b\in\mathbb{Z}^{-}$$ and $$a\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$ be a part of, henceforth referred to, multiplication function $$P(a,b)$$. If $$P(a,b)=\underbrace{ a+a+a+\cdots+a+a+a }_{b}\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}ab$$, then how can a number be added to itself negative times?

This dilemma requires us to work through a special case of $$b\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$ and $$a\in\mathbb{Z}^{-}$$. Let us say the following is true: $$a=-p$$ and $$b=q$$ whereby $$p\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$ and $$q\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$. Let us go ahead and input these two variables into our multiplication function:
 * $$P(a,b)=\underbrace{ a+a+a+\cdots+a+a+a }_{b}=\underbrace{ (-p)+(-p)+(-p)+\cdots+(-p)+(-p)+(-p) }_{q}\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}-pq$$

The above definition tells us to simply subtract $$a$$ from itself $$b$$ times for $$a\in\mathbb{Z}^{-}$$ while $$b\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$. There is no problem since the number $$a$$ is subtracted $$b$$ times, despite it being negative. This is one of the ways we can say a negative times a positive number is negative (over the set of integers). However, this definition breaks down once we switch the roles of the number. Our next example shall attempt to prove a basic "theorem" most of us already know.

First, we need to define what it means for a number to be negative. This is important to establish formally before we use it in our proof. Recall that one property of being a negative number is that it is the additive inverse of the magnitude of the number. That is, given a number $$x\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$$, the additive inverse is $$-x$$. Also, a number must equal itself; this is by definition true. This is the property of equality, and it is important in establishing our theorem.

Let us say we are trying to solve the problem $$x(-y)+xy$$. By the property of equality, $$ In, notice how $$x$$ is a factor of both terms on the right hand side. This means that we may rewrite the equation as the following: $$ Recall that we defined the negative number to be the inverse operation. By the additive inverse property, $$-y+y=0$$. Therefore, we know $$x(-y+y)=x(0)=0$$. We know any number times zero equals zero since we proved this was true in the previous chapter. Ergo, we have a new property: $$ By an extension of the property of equality, whatever is done to one side of an equation requires it must be done to the other. From this property of integers, we may define simply this: $$ From this, we have proved a positive times a negative integer equals a negative integer. $$\blacksquare$$ A similar exercise can show that $$-x=(-1)x$$ and $$(-x)(-y)=xy$$. These two properties of multiplication allow us to keep the definition of multiplication the same for the set of integers. We will leave these two important "theorems" as non-trivial exercises for the reader.

Rational numbers start to break down the "repeated addition" idea of multiplication, since how can you add a number partially? Let us demonstrate the problem: Let $$a\in\mathbb{Q}$$ and $$b\in\mathbb{Q}$$. Allow four numbers to be defined as an integer that are relatively prime to the other — $$m$$, $$n$$, $$p$$, $$q$$. Let $$a=\frac{m}{n}$$ and $$b=\frac{p}{q}$$. If applied directly to our old definition, $$P(a,b)$$ would be asking us to a strange operation: add a fraction to itself "fractionally" many times. This is strange indeed. While we will not be discussing how we determined this formal definition below, keep in mind it took mathematicians more than simply writing this as true to be accepted into our lexicon, today:
 * $$P(a,b)=ab=\frac{m}{n}\cdot\frac{p}{q}\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\frac{mn}{pq}$$.

The rational numbers definition does not contradict the old definition since each term therein is an integer, and thus, denominators for the terms are all $$1$$. This means $$ab=mn=\underbrace{ a+a+a+\cdots+a+a+a }_{b}=\underbrace{ m+m+m+\cdots+m+m+m }_{n}$$. We will skip defining real numbers since it involves introducing information that you will not learn unless you enter into some more pure math besides College Algebra or even Calculus.

This recursive addition defines a new operation, requiring us to define more and more specific cases. This idea of recursive addition can be extended to subtraction (which makes division) and then multiplication itself. Through recursive multiplication one reaches the idea of the exponent. As you have in the past referred back to properties of multiplication to help you operate expressions, you too will apply these ideas to learn about properties of exponents.

Definitions of Exponents (Form One)
As we referred to in the introduction to this page, exponent is an operation of repeated multiplication of the base $$a$$ over a period of $$p$$ times. The expression is often read aloud as $$a$$ to the power of $$p$$. Allowing the function $$e_{a}(p)$$, in which $$a\in\mathbb{N}$$ and $$p\in\mathbb{N}$$, to represent the exponent operation as follows,
 * $$e_{a}(p)=\overbrace{ a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a }^{p}\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}a^{p}$$

will let us see what properties might exist for natural numbers. Over more clarifications, the power function, so to speak, will lead to rules.

Properties of Exponents (Under Form One)
The above result is  true by definition  although there is another way to think about this function. This type of thinking will be given later. For now, simply think this is true.

This property of exponents can be proven by using the definition of exponent created herein. By definition, Therefore, in multiplying the two different functions, Because there are $$n$$ terms being multiplied to $$m$$ terms, every term therein has a base $$a$$, and multiplication is associative, it is safe to infer there are $$n+m$$ terms of $$a$$ being multiplied together. As such, $$a^{n}\cdot a^{m}=\underbrace{\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\cdot\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{m}}_{n+m}=a^{n+m}$$
 * $$e_{a}(n)=a^{n}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}$$
 * $$e_{a}(m)=a^{m}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{m}$$
 * $$a^{n}\cdot a^{m}=\left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\right)\cdot\left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{m}\right)$$

Keep in mind that because we are working with natural numbers, $$m\ngtr n$$. To keep everything in the natural numbers, this restriction must apply. Either way, let us continue by proving this property. By definition, In dividing the two different functions, Because there are $$n$$ terms being divided by $$m$$ terms of $$a$$, every term therein has a base $$a$$, and multiplication of the inverse operation is associative, it is safe to infer there are $$n-m$$ terms of $$a$$ after the division. This can further be shown through the operation as follows: all red terms are canceled and what is left over is the terms that are not canceled, $$n-m$$. As such, $$\frac{a^{n}}{a^{m}}=\frac{\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{n}}{\underbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}_{m}}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a}^{n-m}=a^{n-m}$$
 * $$e_{a}(n)=a^{n}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{n}$$
 * $$e_{a}(m)=a^{m}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{m}$$
 * $$\frac{e_{a}(n)}{e_{a}(m)}=\frac{\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a\cdot a}^{n}}{\underbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}_{m}}$$
 * $$\frac{e_{a}(n)}{e_{a}(m)}=\frac{{\color{red}\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{m}}\cdot\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a}^{n-m}}$$
 * $$\frac{e_{a}(n)}{e_{a}(m)}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a}^{n-m}$$

This second-to-last rule has a pretty involved intuition behind it. Be sure to follow along: If $$b=a^{n}$$, then $$e_{a^{n}}(m)=\left(a^{n}\right)^{m}$$. By the second bullet point above: Pay close attention to what this operation is telling us: there $$n$$ many constants $$a$$ multiplied to itself, for which this operation repeats $$m$$ times. Because $$n$$ factors of $$a$$ are multiplied again to itself as its operation $$m$$ many times, there $$n\cdot m$$ of those factors in total. As such: $$\left(a^{n}\right)^{m}=\overbrace{a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdots a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdot a^{n}}^{m}=\overbrace{\left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\right)\cdots \left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\right)}^{m}=a^{n\cdot m}$$
 * $$e_{a}(n)=a^{n}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}$$
 * $$e_{b}(m)=b^{m}=\overbrace{b\cdot b\cdot b\cdots b\cdot b\cdot b}^{m}$$
 * $$e_{a^{n}}(m)=\left(a^{n}\right)^{m}=\overbrace{a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdots a^{n}\cdot a^{n}\cdot a^{n}}^{m}=\overbrace{\left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\right)\cdots \left(\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\right)}^{m}$$

This will be the simplest proof in this chapter. All that will be needed is the definition of an exponent; specifically, the one that states the operation is simply repeated multiplication. We are given the following: Because multiplication is associative, From this, we learn that $$(ab)^{n}=\overbrace{ab\cdot ab\cdots ab\cdot ab}^{n}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\cdot\overbrace{b\cdot b\cdots b\cdot b}^{n}=a^{n}b^{n}$$
 * $$e_{ab}(n)=(ab)^{n}=\overbrace{ab\cdot ab\cdots ab\cdot ab}^{n}$$
 * $$\overbrace{ab\cdot ab\cdots ab\cdot ab}^{n}=\overbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a\cdot a}^{n}\cdot\overbrace{b\cdot b\cdots b\cdot b}^{n}$$

title: CLEP College Algebra/Exponents


text:
Tokelauan/Sentences

 * where do you live? : Ko fea te nofo ai koe?
 * Who's your friend? : Ko ai tau uoo?
 * I live there : ko ua e nofo i koo
 * I live here : ko ua e nofo kinei

title: Tokelauan/Sentences


text:
Tokelauan/Vocabulary

 * Cat - puhi
 * Dog - maile
 * Flower - fuga
 * House - fale
 * Fire - afi

title: Tokelauan/Vocabulary


text:
Talk:Irish/Archive 1

Any comments or suggestions?

--muddle-headed wombat 23:32, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a very readable primer - well done! I think that it should be split up into separate pages, though, for ease of navigation. --Gabriel Beecham 23:53, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Templates for Examples and Exercises
To improve the visual structure of the document, I have colour-coded the examples and exercises. If you'd like to do the same, here's how.

muddle-headed wombat 21:46, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Great Primer
Great primer, but I agree... Better if split into pages... Thomas Kinney

Really Excellent
Firstly, this is brilliant. Well done.

I understand the other comments about splitting the pages, however, I prefer it as it is. I can print it in one go. Also, when I click on a link in the contents at the start of the page, it brings me to the relevant section - so, I have not had any difficulty navigating. But split up or left as it is, I'll be happy. Marie

Let Sleeping Dogs Lie
The language is dead.

Watching people struggle and stutter their way through the language on TG4 is a joke. Starting every sentence with either "agus" or worse still, "well" or "you know" makes me laugh. Adverts mostly in English. American movies with no Irish sub-titles. The occasional fluent speaker who likes to race the autocue as some sort of proof that they can speak the language and nobody else can.

A language's modern day relevance can be judged by how it interacts with the modern world. Start by translating maths, computing and scientific books into Irish and then we might have something of use to the nation. The only contemporary texts are Harry Potter and diddly-dee music and that's a waste of time.

Consign this language to a history book!

 * 1. TG4 does not represent the 'mainstream' of Gaelic speakers and writers.
 * 2. If their staff choose to use poor grammar, that is a reflection of the quality
 * of their workers and TG4 itself, not the language.
 * 3. Adverts in English is a poor choice on their part, but that has no relevance
 * whatsoever in discussing Gaelic here at Wikibooks.
 * 4. American films almost never include Gaelic subtitles. This is not surprising
 * to anyone who has even a rudimentary sense of economic trends in capitalist
 * economies: it simply would not be profitable to include Gaelic subtitles, and
 * the companies that produce American films generally are concerned with a profit
 * margin rather than the quality of the products they provide.
 * 5. A language's modern day relevance is not solely judged by how it 'interacts with
 * the modern day world', as you say. This is disingenuous as best, and downright
 * narrow thinking in truth. Not to mention that your statement has no value since
 * it refers to very broad and generic concepts with no real meaning or frame of
 * reference.
 * 6. Translating textbooks into Irish Gaelic will require either dedicated and
 * qualified professionals who both understand Gaelic as well as understand the
 * material they are editing. Since the market for academic texts is already a
 * marginal/fringe one, who is going to do this? Very few. It makes no sense to
 * do so, and this has little or nothing to do with whether Gaelic is a living
 * language- how many textbooks do you know of that are translated into Shanghaiese,
 * for example?
 * 7. Your contempt for the Irish Gaelic language does nothing to assist our work here.
 * Please feel free to either write constructive comments or leave. Personally, I
 * hope you choose the latter option.

PMacUidhir 07:31, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

no it's not
Irish isn't dead, as a student, non-gaeilgeor, in Galway, not from a Gaeltacht, I was shocked at home much Gaeilge was being spoken in the city, you can take almost any class in the college though Irish also.

Irish courses are available to everyone, and all buildings are named in irish and english, with the Irish name being prodominately used.

(Also split it into pages!)

Big Deal!
So the arse end of Ireland (Galway) has a smattering of Irish. If you look closely at TG4 you can see many interviewees on Nuacht reading idiot boards and even stumbling their way through that.

Unless relevant subjects like maths, sciences and technology are taught in Irish and at least 100 miles from Connemara then the language has no stickiness and no relevance in today's world.

 * Yes, Galway has many Gaelic speakers. So does Cork, Kerry, Limerick, and really
 * most of the old Kingdom of Connaught as a whole. Leinster too for that matter.
 * You also seem to convieniently forget about the tens of thousands of Gaelic
 * users outside of Ireland.
 * I use Gaelic on a daily basis. I live in America, which is at least a few thousand
 * kilometres away from Connemara. I personally have taught over fifty people in the
 * basics of Irish, and given at least half of those advanced lessons. There are over
 * one-hundred Irish speakers within fifteen miles of where I live, and over two
 * thousand in just this one state of the USA at the last count... and there are
 * many more just in the USA.
 * Textbooks are readily available in Irish Gaelic. They are not sold in your
 * local Tesco, obviously, but they are for sale without much searching.
 * In sum: try making a *relevant* point that has a factual basis.
 * Textbooks are readily available in Irish Gaelic. They are not sold in your
 * local Tesco, obviously, but they are for sale without much searching.
 * In sum: try making a *relevant* point that has a factual basis.
 * In sum: try making a *relevant* point that has a factual basis.

PMacUidhir 07:38, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Agreed!
There is no place for a dead language and the learning of it. I say we get rid of anything with Latin or Ancient Greek or Sanskrit. Heck, I think English will probably be dead in 200 years anyways, let's go ahead and start writing in some future form.

Give me a break. Work on!

Not a dead language, but even if it was, that's still not a good reason not to teach it
Irish Gaelic isn't dead - there are still people who speak it as a first language or a fluent second language

Secondly, even if was a dead language, that doesn't mean it isn't worth learning. If no-one learnt ancient Greek and Hebrew, how could the Bible have been translated into English? And if no-one learnt old Norse, how could we have an English version of Beowulf? And if no-one learnt about dead or moribund or minor languages, how could our knowledge about languages and language families and changes in language increase?

But anyway, back to the first point - Irish Gaelic isn't a dead language!

It seems to that the people who have written "Agreed!", "Big deal!" and "Let sleeping dogs lie" have no idea what they're talking about.

 * Of course, if you read the actual message, the "Agreed!" was a joke. 24.1.88.161 16:39, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This page is to discuss the accompanying Wikibook on Irish - it really isn't the place to discuss the validity of Irish. There are plenty of places to do that if you so desire. Kindly let the conversation end here. --Gabriel Beecham 00:27, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Remove Introduction, split into pages
I have removed the introduction while someone writes a new one. It doesn't read well and is inconsequential. I'd also vote for splitting the document into pages. Can we also provide a full version for easy printing? I've seen that on other Wikibooks.

-Martin

Irregular verbs
bí has two present tenses bíonn agus tá

Great progress
It's thrilling to see the progress that has been made on this wikibook since I started it. Much has been contributed by people I "know" throught the 'net, and much by people I don't know. Go raibh maile maith agaibh! --muddle-headed wombat 01:25, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

genitive
Is the genitive plural simply not used a lot or is it simply mostly equal to the nominative? Also does the gen plur of women (mban I believe) deserve mention?

TO DO: 'introduce IPA?

No, dont just introduce it, just ''use' it. PLEASE!!!! Pronouncing Irish is really the biggest stumbling block to learning it. Even more so if English is taken as the departing point. (Please,please don't)

Yes there are non-anglophones who would love to learn it and no we may not struggle with dh or gh or palatellisation as anglo's do.

af:Gebruiker:Jcwf (mothertongue: Dutch).

Encouragement
I just want to offer a few words of encouragement to all the people who contribute to this particular wikibook. As a brand new learner of Irish, I, unfortunately, did not find the book in its present form usable--there are way too many omissions and inconsistencies to make it a good starting point to someone who had no previous experience with the language (and by no previous experience I mean absolutely that--none at all!). I do, however, find the whole idea and the existing primer absolutely outstanding. Considering how little information is generally available to learners of Irish, this book may become a precious life saver to those of us who are learning the language with no access to native speakers, native media, or decent learning materials (heck, even the selection of self-teaching materials one can buy is ridiculously slim!). This book may still be in need a lot of work, but, please, do keep it up! Your efforts are really appreciated, and I certainly hope not by me alone.--Ag Foghlaim 18:30, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree. It would also be nice to have formal lessons rather than just an explanation of grammar with occasional exercises. It's easier to learn grammar, develop your vocabulary and actually become able to have a conversation when you're confronted with (easy) texts that gradually introduce grammar features. In case anybody isn't sure how to go about writing lessons, there's a Wikibook on that topic that also explains some basic didactic notions. Junesun 17:20, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Divide into Chapters
I think the current text is stupendous. My only suggestion is to take each main heading (ie. History, Spelling, Nouns) and give them their own seperate page. These subpages or chapters would all be linked to the main page. This would make the Wikibook easier to use and navigate. Yorktown1776 19:05, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
 * But not to print!--Ag Foghlaim 14:19, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Sooner or later we're going to have to split it into subpages. I have plans of someday listing all declension and conjugation types from both Classical Irish and the Modern Standard here, and when that happens it will just be too big to keep on one page. Angr 17:44, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Formatting Needed
Well done to those people who did all this work, but this book is very un-readable. If we take as an example the German Wikibook, that is done in a clear, welcoming manner with pictures, nice writing, lesson plans and so on. This page is just one big stream of information about Irish. I'm new to Wikibooks so I don't know how to format this stuff, but I want to find out, if someone wants to point in the direction that'd be helpful. Also, sound clips from native speakers are needed for pronunciation, the transcription system, while a good attempt isn't really useful from an academic point of view, we really need IPA. Sorry if I sound like I'm complaining, i'm trying to give constructive criticism so that whoever's working on this page can make it better. - 'as yet unregistered wikibook user'

 * ok, I'm registered and I'm starting making lessons using the Spanish wikibook as a template. It's likely I will start this now and come back to it later, gradually doing less and less work, so it'ld be great if there was someone else here to pick up my slack. - Dalta 21:13, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irish/Archive 1


text:
Module:Irish/VocabularyTable

local p = {};

p.FloatingTable = function(frame) local returnString = "{| \n|- \n|foo \n|bar \n|}" local returnTable = p.FloatingTableHeader local term = "" local i = 0; for index, value in pairs(frame.args) do		if(i == 0) then term = value i = 1 else returnTable = returnTable .. p.FloatingTableRow(term, value) i = 0 end end returnTable = returnTable .. p.FloatingTableFooter return returnTable end

p.FloatingTableHeader = function(frame) return "{| class=\"wikitable floatright\"\n |-\n!colspan=3 style=\"background:lightgreen\" |Vocabulary\n" end

p.FloatingTableFooter = function(frame) return "|}" end

p.FloatingTableRow = function(term1, term2) local returnValue = "|- \n|" .. term1 .. "\n|" .. term2 .. "\n" local returnValue = returnValue .. "| [https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fuaim/" .. term1 .. " pronunciation]\n" return returnValue end

return p

title: Module:Irish/VocabularyTable


text:
Category:Book:The Arab Identity

Welcome
The Islamic Clergy and the Saudi Establishment have long stood for what it means to be Arab. With the West increasingly at its border, it was only a matter of time before this Identity was questioned for what it really stood for. On the onset, Orientalism answered the West's increasing occupation with what they saw as the Decadent East.

title: Category:Book:The Arab Identity


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 01

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/-

Vol. 13 - No. 8; JANUARY 15, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 (sic, 13) - JANUARY, 1949 - No. 8

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Technical Editor — PAUL STEVENS, 21 Fletcher's Av., Bondi, N.S.W. Phone: FW6157

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 12/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.44)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

An Electronic Alarm. . . . 5

Handy P.A. Amplifier. . . . 7

World Standard. . . . 13

A Challenge. . . . 16

Differential Condensers. . . . 17

"New Look" Selectivity. . . . 21

10/15 Converter. . . . 25

Standard Power Unit. . . . 29

Photo-Flash Experiments. . . . 31

New Set Designs. . . . 35

Speedy Query Service. . . . 42

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

You may wonder why the Women's Weekly can give you so much reading matter for 3d. when I only offer you a much smaller publication for four times the price. There are many strange things in the publishing business. For example, when you pay your 1/- the actual amount received by the publisher will not nearly pay the printer's bill. The more copies the publisher sells the more money he loses, unless he can convince enough advertisers to support him. If I sold an extra 5,000 copies of Radio World each month I would be running at a dead loss. Silly, isn’t it? Paper, printing and block costs are up about double what they were in 1939, so are the prices of books, shoes, suits, motor cars and many other things. Yet there seems to be an unwritten law that the price of magazines must remain at not more than 1/- per copy. Getting back to the value offered by the Women's Weekly and other such publications; the explanation lies in the advertising revenue. With cosmetics, patent medicines and many house hold lines it becomes possible for the trades concerned to support general magazines with thousands of pounds' worth of advertising for each issue. But when it comes to technical radio only; well, the component manufacturers are having a pretty thin time of it and they cannot afford to spend big sums on advertising. So the publisher of a magazine devoted exclusively to technical radio can only shrink his publication to conform with the shrinking of the purchasing power of the shilling, if he wants to remain in business. Which makes it hard to explain why optomists should be wanting to start up in the publishing game. What is that they say about rushing in where angels fear to tread? Or is it that one is born every minute! — A. G. HULL.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 02

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/-

Vol. 13 - No. 9; FEBRUARY 15, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 (sic, 13) - FEBRUARY, 1949 - No. 9

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Technical Editor — PAUL STEVENS, 21 Fletcher's Av., Bondi, N.S.W. Phone: FW6157

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 12/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.36)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Radio in the News. . . . 5

New Type of Fidelity Pick-up. . . . 6

More About the Standard. . . . 7

New Rola Speaker. . . . 10

Simple Galvanometers. . . . 11

Among Our Readers. . . . 14

Direct-Coupled 807. . . . 15

Service Oscillator. . . . 17

English Coil Box. . . . 19

British Television Exports. . . . 20

New Brand of Transformers. . . . 21

Medium-Fi. . . . 23

Key to the VT Valve Types. . . . 26

Shortwave Review. . . . 31

Speedy Query Service. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
GUEST EDITORIAL

Perusing this week's "Radio and Electrical Weekly," the writer was most impressed with an interview with Mr. Cliff Gittoes, of Ducon Condenser Co., who has recently returned from America. The part which was of most interest to us was the mention of television kit sets. An extract is as follows: "He was rather amazed to see the television kit set business in a very healthy condition in U.S.A. Retailers and technicians everywhere were buying these TV kit sets, learning how to assemble them, and then sell the completed job. Several small manufacturers were doing this, and in one particular case, one small manufacturer was doing 25 kit sets a day, using RCA parts and under RCA licence. The TV kit set was selling for 167 dollars and included a 10-in. cathode-ray tube, 30 valves, the various aligned units, and a chassis, but no cabinet and no antenna. RCA had done a good job in organising this TV kit set business. Television was demanding a better standard of components, particularly to counteract the service problems that could arise in such complicated equipment if the components were not of good quality." If a country like America can still sell kit sets, then we can in this country, and I would like to assure you that Aegis Manufacturing Company will be well and truly amongst the originals as far as Television here is concerned. — JAMES H. MAGRATH.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 03

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 (sic, 13) - No. 10; MARCH 15, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14. (sic, 13) - MARCH, 1949 - No. 10

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Crusader Press, 631 Burwood Road, Auburn, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.52)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Midway Portable. . . . 5

Improved 807 Amplifier. . . . 9

Car Radio Installation. . . . 11

A.C. Power from Batteries. . . . 13

Answers in Full. . . . 15

Radio Control for Models. . . . 20

Phase Splitting Designs. . . . 21

Reproduction of Speech. . . . 29

Among Our Readers. . . . 41

New Angle on Direct Coupling. . . . 43

Good Gramo. Motor. . . . 45

Shortwave Review. . . . 47

Speedy Query Service. . . . 50

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur in illis. (The times are changed, and we are changed with them.) I can remember the days when the Ford car sold for £199/10/-. To-day the price is about £950. You will notice 1/6 on our front cover in place of the 1/- which has been there for the past thirteen years. I have battled hard to avoid the increase, but find that it is unavoidable. Strangely enough, the reason for the increase is the popularity of recent issues. Printing and production costs having risen a couple of hundred per cent., they finally reached the stage where the nett return from the sale of an issue was considerably less than its cost! Advertising revenue offset this to a certain extent, but not enough. The alternative was to give smaller issues with cheaper paper, as mentioned in last month's editorial, but the response to that editorial was emphatically the other way. Readers asked for better issues and cleaner paper for the better reproduction of intricate circuits, and were willing to pay the price. So, here is a better-style issue. I now have incentive to make it popular; will be able to hold my head up again and take pride in the job. I am sure you are going to find the issues well worth their price. — A. G. HULL.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 04

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 13 - No. 11; APRIL 15, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 13. - APRIL, 1949 - No. 11.

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by Crusader Press, 631 Burwood Road, Auburn, for the Proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World", Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.42)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Measuring A.C. Current. . . . 5

New Style Direct Coupling. . . . 7

A Simple Multi-Meter. . . . 9

Are Component Prices Unreasonable? . . . . 13

Time Is Money. . . . 16

Cathode Coupling, Again. . . . 17

How To Read Circuit Schematics. . . . 19

Photo-flash Outfit. . . . 22

A Wide-range Bridge. . . . 23

Among Our Readers. . . . 24

Simple Mantel Model. . . . 26

Introduction to "Ham-gen". . . . 27

Receiver Aerial Matching. . . . 28

T.R.F. Ham Receiver. . . . 31

Converting That Prop Motor. . . . 37

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

The subject of television is still a sore one with the radio traders. Talk of television is having a devastating effect on radio sales. Yet a prominent radio concern recently made a wild publicity splurge on television, apparently just for some obscure political reason. The so-called "television" was actually the sending of an image over a line, and not true television. It was accompanied by the grossest exaggeration, and claims that it was the first television in Australia. With a complete disregard of truth in advertising, these claims were made by people who should have well remembered the similar "television" demonstrations which were given in Australia more than ten years ago One such demonstration was given by the W.I.A. boys at their exhibition in the Assembly Hall, Margaret Street, Sydney, in 1936. Television will come, eventually. It will cost a lot of money. It will be most disappointing from many angles. Special events will have their appeal, but long periods of peering into a small screen will give you a pain in the neck, in every sense of that expression. Television will never replace radio broadcasting as we know it to-day, or the cinema, either. It will not make present broadcast receivers obsolete. Most of our readers are recognised as authorities on radio matters by their many friends and business associates. I do hope that they will do their best to pacify the public and avert a television panic. — A. G. HULL.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 05

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 13 - No. 12; MAY 25, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 13 - MAY, 1949 - No. 12

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.44)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Heterodyne Frequency Meter. . . . 5

Third Dimensional Amplifier. . . . 9

Multi-Vibrator. . . . 11

The Car-Lectric — Mk. III. . . . 13

How to Read Circuits. . . . 19

Magnets and Magnetism. . . . 23

Factory-Made Set Design. . . . 29

Voltage Regulation. . . . 31

Sell Speakers. . . . 37

New Brand of Coil Units. . . . 38

Short Wave Review. . . . 39

Speedy Query Service. . . . 50

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

THE selling of radio sets is not too easy these days. I have been making contact with a couple of radio salesmen lately, and have found their remarks most interesting. They tell me that the ballyhoo about television and F.M. has had a disastrous effect. They tell me, even with easy terms, the present list prices of the better-known receivers are so high that they frighten the prospective customer, who probably remembers that he paid less than £20 for the console receiver which has given him ten or fifteen years of faultless service. All of which are points of little interest to the technical man. There are technical problems, too. Quite a few prospective buyers are not satisfied with the quality of reproduction of modern sets. Having become accustomed to the distortion-free "tone" of an old t.r.f. set with a triode output valve, the modern superhet grates on their ears, even with the tone control at maximum setting. With a view to investigating this point further I interviewed an old lady with a 1926 model Radiola (American). After hearing this old-timer, I could readily understand why its owner would not consider buying a modern set. I am not in favor of so-called "high-fidelity" for the average set-buyer. I know that sets wouldn't be popular if they tried to reproduce the full audio frequency spectrum. But I do think there is plenty of scope for improvement in the elimination of distortion and the effective reproduction of the lower notes. Another point which emerged from a few talks with recent buyers of modern sets was that it is not desirable to place too much sensitivity in the hands of inexperienced listeners. They do not appreciate it, and complain that the set is noisy. — A. G. HULL.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 06

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 1; JUNE 21, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - JUNE, 1949 - No. 1

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.44)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

An Electronic Stroboscope. . . . 5

Television in Europe. . . . 7

The "Vega" Dual-Wave Five. . . . 9

Latest English Developments. . . . 13

More About Direct Couplers. . . . 15

Efficient Chassis Layout. . . . 17

The Up and Down Receiver. . . . 25

Index to Volume 13. . . . 26

Analysis of Receiver Noise. . . . 27

Voltage Regulation. . . . 29

Search for Elusive Hi-Fi. . . . 33

List of Instruction Manuals. . . . 37

Odd Resistor Values. . . . 38

Short Wave Review. . . . 39

Speedy Query Service. . . . 42

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

MY recent remarks about television have not been appreciated by all, which is, in itself, not remarkable. But television is one thing which I feel competent to deal with, so I intend to persevere with my policy of "soft-pedal" for this imminent colossus. Television will come, there being no doubt left about this after Cabinet's recent statements, but its coming will not necessarily be similar to the coming of broadcasting as it was twenty-five years ago. To explain: I recently heard someone remark that when television first comes we will all have to make our own television receivers in the same way as we had to build our own crystal sets when broadcasting began. That is all rot. When television comes it will be big business, and mighty little in it for the amateur. In fact, it may be bigger than big business; it may be government business. Not wanting to get into political arguments at the moment, I am not saying whether I think socialism is good or bad, but I feel sure that the next election may have far-reaching effects on the future of television. If the present government is returned to power with a further mandate for government control, it is quite on the cards that the manufacture of television receivers will be an exclusive privilege of a government department or government-controlled factory. No matter who controls it, television will never be as big or as lasting as radio broadcasting. Television is an interesting novelty, but will come, and go. The latest American definition of television: "Television is radio with eye-strain." My own idea is that television gives you a pain in the neck. — A. G. HULL.


text:
Talk:Electrodynamics/Kirchoff's Laws

Adding a figure
I recently submitted File:Kirchoff loop convention.svg to commons in order to post material on an OER called MyOpenMath. The intent of the figure was to allow students to understand the sign convention for Kirchhoff's loop law, which can be counter-intuitive because following a resistor along the direction parallel to the "positive" direction requires a negative sign for the $$\Delta V$$ term. Since I now write more on MyOpenMath than on Wikiversity, I found a place where the figure might serve a purpose.--Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 21:41, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electrodynamics/Kirchoff's Laws


text:
Samoan/Verbs

 * Sleep - Moe
 * Eat - 'ai

title: Samoan/Verbs


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 07

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 2-3; JULY-AUG., 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14. - JULY-AUGUST, 1949. - Nos. 2 and 3.

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representatives —

In N.S.W.: Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney. Phone: B1077

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.3)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

British Television Equipment. . . . 5

Signal Tracer with Oomph! . . . . 9

Latest Radiolette Model. . . . 13

Grid-Dip Wavemeter. . . . 17

Small Sets for Short-waves. . . . 19

Fluo Tube Light Unit. . . . 22

Post-war Organs. . . . 23

Direct Currents. . . . 27

Free Technical Data Offers. . . . 32

A Simple Meg-Meter. . . . 33

How to Wind Honeycombs. . . . 35

Short-wave Review. . . . 37

New International Call Signs. . . . 41

Speedy Query Service. . . . 42

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

BIG moves are on foot for the future improvement of our little publication, but the first steps have further increased our production difficulties so that it has been found necessary to "skip" an issue by making this a combined one to cover both months of July and August. The next issue will be the September issue and will be out in about four weeks time, well ahead of its publication date. Expiry dates on our subscription lists will be extended by one month accordingly. Main reason for the production delay has been the digging of an excavation in the floor of our local printing works, into which is being installed one of the finest and fastest automatic printing machines in the world. Just landed from Sweden, at a cost of about £9,000, this machine will turn out a much better Radio World at a cheaper cost and in much quicker time. It may take a month or two to get everything in place and running sweetly. In the meantime there may be a certain amount of tripping over cement bags and the like, but the prospects for the future are mighty bright. For many months past our big problem has been on the actual production side, so that we have not been in a position to go into ideas for improvements to the editorial side. Now that the production problems are in hand, our thoughts again turn to executive and editorial matters. Suggestions from readers as to what they would like to see in our columns are again invited. — A. G. HULL.


text:
User:Relebohile Mabaso/sandbox

hi

title: User:Relebohile Mabaso/sandbox


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 09

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 4; SEPTEMBER, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14. - SEPTEMBER, 1949. - Nos. 4.

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representative —

Stephen H. Farrell, 74 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phone: BL2260

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.44)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Universal Speaker Input Unit. . . . 5

Effective Valve Checker. . . . 9

Versatile Amplifier Design. . . . 11

Electronic Voltmeter. . . . 15

Pre-Amps for Talkie Work. . . . 19

Alternating Currents. . . . 21

Research Workers Needed. . . . 27

Moisture Control for Textiles. . . . 30

Revolution in America. . . . 31

Distortion — Does it Matter? . . . . 34

Electronic Music. . . . 37

World of Radio. . . . 38

Short Wave Review. . . . 39

Speedy Query Service. . . . 42

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

A GREAT many of our readers are not lily-white amateurs. Radio parts are expensive, experience costs money, and few can afford to pursue radio as a non-paying hobby. Little of the true interest in radio need be lost by those who combine some business with their play, accepting commissions to build sets to order for those who want something special, or doing repairs and modifications to existing receivers. Judging from some letters received it appears that quite a few get badly "stung" when they set out to do work of this kind. It is quite easy to over-rate one's knowledge, for a start. It seems so simple to glance over the constructional article on a powerful receiver and feel confident that you can easily build it up in a matter of a few hours. In practice it is not quite so simple, unless you are prepared to work for a few pence per hour for your time. It is not every set which goes to perfection as soon as it is finished. The smallest error in the wiring, or a minor fault in almost any component, can give you trouble which may take hours of exasperating work to find and rectify. Getting the parts together may take hours of shopping. Installation and service are both time-eating jobs of work. It is hard to give figures that will cover every type of job, but I would say that to build a set to order is worth at least £5 above the cost of the parts; more in the case of a set having special features or a lot of parts in it. To make it anything like a good business proposition the figure would be nearer a tenner in most cases. Repairs, of course, should be handled on a basis calculated at the price of the parts, plus a handling margin, plus the cost of time, at so much per hour. — A. G. HULL.


text:
Modern Photography/Film processing

Processing

Comparison to digital
It is the person behind the lens who takes a good photo, not the camera. Regardless of your choice, the best gear or a certain capture method will not produce any good pictures if it was not for the artistic capabilities of the photographer. The following considerations guides your artistic choice for or against a certain capture method for individual situations.

Workflow
The most obvious difference is the mere workflow in taking pictures and processing them, but also before you even start.
 * Since about the 2010s digital cameras are regularly equipped with a small LCD giving you the opportunity to review a (scaled-down) picture right after it has been taken. Using film, however, you cannot assess the exposure’s quality. Maybe you have underexposed or overexposed the shot. Maybe a person you photographed blinked right in that moment.
 * Some photographers actually appreciate this fact, because you have to carefully think about the photo, instead of doing an iterative, “amateurish” trial and error approach.
 * Other photographers see themselves stymied by the fact of not having any immediate feedback. This may be due to a lack of experience, because you can produce pictures with either capture method just as fast.
 * Frequently external factors like the situation, the setting, or the photographed subject will dictate your choice. If you think you are producing too many rejects, too few “good” pictures with your digital camera, you might benefit to artificially slow down your workflow by switching to an analog camera, maybe even just for a while, you know.

Technical
Some people like to justify their choice with technical facts. While it is important to know technical limitations, in most circumstances it makes no difference.
 * When you use film, you start off with a “fresh sensor” over and over again. A digital camera, on the other hand, has a sensor built-in and while using it it heats up, thus altering its characteristics. When advancing the film a dust particle may be gone for the next exposure, but a dust particle on a digital sensor stays there affecting all pictures you take. Cleaning a digital sensor needs careful caution.
 * Photographic film displays a loss of effective sensitivity at long exposure times (about longer than one second) and super short exposure times (when you have to use a special high-speed camera).
 * Copying analog materials always entails a loss of information, whereas digital materials can be copied without any loss in information. Although this difference is hardly noticeable, technically it is measurable.

Cultural

 * As of the 2020s it has not yet been determined that digital media can be stored indefinitely. By the 21st century it was already pretty difficult to read digital media produced just 50 years earlier, if not impossible. Data formats change, hardware breaks down, or simply the magnetic polarization of bits decayed too much in quality. Modern photographic film, on the other hand, can be stored for at least hundreds of years. It is pretty much guaranteed that humans will be able to project light through it in the far future.
 * Regular consumer PCs became powerful enough to allow everyone to retouch their photos. In consequence, digital photos are considered to be easier to manipulate. While it is also possible to manipulate analog pictures the general public may consider non-digital works more “truthful”.
 * Just emotionally it can make a difference to you whether you can (and have to) physically touch your photos.

Format

 * 35mm
 * Below 35mm
 * Medium- and large- format
 * Instant

Sensitivity
- Grain size and sensitivity

title: Modern Photography/Film processing


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 10

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 5; OCTOBER 14, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - OCTOBER, 1949. - Nos. 5

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representative —

Stephen H. Farrell, 74 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phone: BL2260

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe Street, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

A Quality Amplifier. . . . 5

Practical "Q" Meter. . . . 11

Dodging the Transformer. . . . 15

Improved Noise Limiter. . . . 17

Alternating Current in Practice. . . . 19

Effective One-Valve Sets. . . . 27

Tuning Unit for Powerful Receiver. . . . 29

Short Wave Review. . . . 31

Bargain Corner. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

A MINOR depression is being felt in radio circles at the moment. There is considerable talk about the causes and cures. In the latest issue of "Radio and Hobbies," my one-time protege, John Moyle, makes no apology for saying that "there is a lack of drive and imagination among far too many radio firms." Some advertisers are saying that there is a falling off of interest in technical radio. I can assure them that this reckoning is quite wrong. Our subscription list was never longer, our sales more than 300 per cent, greater than pre-war. The fact is that these readers are thirsting for something interesting, something new. Technical journalists are doing their best to quench this thirst, but it is a hopeless task when component manufacturers won't produce any new lines, or even good ones. What inducement is there for anyone to build new receivers when the finished article will have little or no advantage over the many sets already littering the workshop? Fortunately, there are one or two firms still active. For example, see details of the new Aegis tuning unit in this issue. In last month's issue we started to deal with the subject of what is wrong with the radio set business, and we have had many letters of congratulation on this effort. We hope to follow up in next month's issue. It has been thoroughly confirmed that a great many set designers are impractical in their outlook, and out of touch with their public. Many of them would learn a lot if they put in a few months on the bench in a radio repair department. — A. G. HULL.


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 11

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 15 (sic, 14) - No. 6; November 14, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - NOVEMBER, 1949. - Nos. 6

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representative —

Stephen H. Farrell, 74 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phone: BL2260

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe Street, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

Universal Output Meter Unit. . . . 5

Customer’s Choice No. 1. . . . 9

"Ideal" P.U. Characteristics. . . . 11

Amateur Radio Activity. . . . 12

Interest In Gramo Reproduction. . . . 13

Applications of A.C. Practice. . . . 15

75-Watt Modulator. . . . 21

Trade Co-operation Essential. . . . 25

Frequency Records Available. . . . 27

Interesting Circuit Book. . . . 28

Shortwave Review. . . . 29

Shortwave Stations of U.S.A. .. . . 31

Speedy Query Service. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

IT is interesting to see that the latest issue of "QST" from America contains an editorial on the subject of government control of amateur radio. It seems that the Federal Communications Commission has in mind to take a firmer grip on U.S. ham radio, with a view to directing the activities of hams along a definite line, making the utmost use of such a valuable communication method in terms of national importance. Reading this editorial has brought to mind the unhappy state of amateur radio in Australia. Instead of the vast swelling of the ranks which was expected after so many men had received radio training in the Services, we find that post-war amateurs number only about 2,700 for the whole of the Commonwealth. Since we now have an Australian Broadcasting Control Board, set up to improve radio service, the thought comes to mind that, perhaps, this body will eventually take over the whole ham radio set-up and develop it, with adequate planning, to become a national asset. By encouraging those with the necessary technical knowledge to take out licences, supplying them to those who do not want to waste time on morse code without a test in that painful subject, eliminating the childish "discipline" which is so irritating to grown-up people; it should be possible to organize a vast network of amateur stations of incalculable value in times of war or emergency. — A. G. HULL.


text:
English-Hanzi/Quinoa

Quinoa is a flowering plant and an annual herb, mainly used as edible seeds. Its seeds are rich in protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins and dietary minerals, and its content is much higher than many grains.

藜麦是开花植物和一年生草本植物，主要用作食用种子. 它的种子富含蛋白质，膳食纤维，B族维生素和膳食矿物质，其含量远高于许多谷物.

title: English-Hanzi/Quinoa


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1949 12

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 7; December 15, 1949

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - DECEMBER, 1949 - No. 7

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Advertising Representative —

Stephen H. Farrell, 74 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phone: BL2260

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe Street, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.52)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

"Super-Six" Amplifier. . . . 5

Sets of Yesterday and To-day. . . . 11

Make Your Own Records. . . . 15

Double-Coupled Versatile. . . . 21

The Astor Models G.R. & G.R.P. .. . . 22

Our Technical Directory. . . . 26

The "Clapp" Oscillator. . . . 28

How to Get Started. . . . 30

Commercials on the Ham Bands. . . . 32

Official Goodman's Baffle. . . . 36

Radio Theory (Transmission and Reception). . . . 37

Shortwave Review. . . . 45

Distortion Percentages. . . . 48

Speedy Queries. . . . 50

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

THE passing year has not been a happy one in the technical radio trade. Some of the biggest manufacturing firms have gone into liquidation; others are anything but bright, cutting down on the advertising and other expenses. Some seem determined that there shall be a depression, and they are making quite sure they will get the worst of it by withdrawing their support from the technical magazines which do so much to foster interest in the game. A big factor in the present position of the trade has been the amount of money which has gone direct from radio enthusiasts to the Wireless Institute for the purchase of surplus, ex-army, disposals gear. The Institute has handled many thousands of pounds of money, thereby diverting it from the existing component factories. If this amount of money had been spent in the ordinary way, a large percentage of it would have been expended in the development laboratories, in the making up of new tooling for new lines. Instead, we find the component factories short of buyers, without funds with which to develop new lines or produce them. Fortunately the cream of the disposals business has now been skimmed, and it is expected that trading conditions will be greatly improved during the coming year. A lot of money has been wasted by amateur set-builders who blindly followed the enthusiasm of those who recommended the building of F.M. receivers. That phase has now passed, so the future is brighter. — A. G. HULL.


text:
Irish/Lesson Plan

This page gives an overview of the existing content in the Irish textbook and provides a place for planning what to include in new lessons.

Lesson Structure by Unit
This Irish textbook is organized into three units.

In Unit One, the focus is on pronunciation. Each lesson will discuss: Beginning students should be able to start Lesson One with no knowledge of Irish at all.
 * One or more basic language concepts.
 * The pronunciation of a few phonemes or letter combinations.
 * A few items of basic vocabulary. No new words should be introduced unless all of their sounds have been presented at least once.
 * A few simple exercises, focusing on pronunciation.

In Unit Two, the focus is on comprehensive grammar and basic vocabulary. Each lesson will discuss: Students with some familiarity with Irish and its sounds should be able to start with Unit Two.
 * One point of grammar or language structure, considered in depth.
 * The pronunciation of one sound or a comparison of two sounds.
 * A basic set of vocabulary, about 10-25 words, on a particular subject. This can be language-based (e.g., réamhfhocail) or content-based (e.g., dathanna).
 * A set of exercises focusing on grammar and language production.

In Unit Three, the focus is on specialized vocabulary. Each lesson will discuss: Students confident in their level of Irish should be able to use these lessons to learn more about a particular subject.
 * A single subject matter, such as cookery, traditional music, GAA, or accountancy, discussed in depth
 * A significant amount of specialized vocabulary, plus a discussion of any idioms or constructions of particular interest
 * Ideally, at least one longer reading involving the subject matter.
 * A set of exercises designed to test only the subject matter and vocabulary of the lesson.
 * Unlike Units One and Two, the units in Unit Three should be stand-alone and designed to be studied in any order

Resources and Reference
In an effort to avoid duplication of effort, content should be split between Wikibooks and Wikiversity as follows:

Wikibooks:Irish should be used for:
 * Structured lesson content (units 1, 2, and 3)
 * Reference pages summarizing some aspect of grammar, spelling, or pronunciation, such as you might find in a printed Irish grammar

Irish portal should be used for:
 * General references
 * Non-lesson resources such as vocabulary lists
 * Standalone language learning projects

Core Concepts By Unit and Lesson
The charts below track where each concept is introduced in Unit One and reviewed in Unit Two.

Pronunciation: Vowels and Dipthongs
To be prepared

Resources
The following resources are available to help prepare new lessons:

Vocabulary Module
As new vocabulary is introduced, it can be listed in a floating box along the right-hand edge of the page using the VocabularyTable module. Any number of words can be included in such a list, in pairs.

The usage will eventually be documented fully at Module:Irish/VocabularyTable, but for now, the basic syntax is:

Table of Contents
The book's Table of Contents is located at Template:Irish/TOC. It should be included on every page in the book.

title: Irish/Lesson Plan


text:
User:Hamuyi

--- What I am currently working on and dont mind if I use help: -- Looking for work

---

--- Please leave a message on my talk page to talk to me directly. Welcome to my userpage. *-*|·-·

If you would like to chitchat with me, do so on my talk page.

What I aim for on Wikibooks is to; Be trusted by all Wikibooks users. Make a 1 thousand edits or more on books. Have a admin privilage if people think I should. For more textbooks to be created! And have fun making textbooks. Try my best ALL THE TIME. For the best users to do the same. Remove vandlism.

Please do not edit my userpage ("yes", the one your reading)

I a Wikibook writer on Wikibooks.

I hope to be an admin on Wiki sites someday. Some things I like to do are:
 * Play outside
 * Get Entertainment, watch netfilx watch youtube etc.
 * Read books that I like when I am bored
 * Do work
 * Listen to music
 * Play games

What I am: What I am NOT: More...
 * Gender-Boy (other words: a boy)
 * Basic Javascprit and HMTL Coding person
 * Feelings Hurter If you hurt mine
 * Gamer, Music Lover
 * A hater
 * A fighter
 * Day-Dreamer
 * A beast
 * A no brain person (a bot)
 * ⛵ Sailer
 * Bot
 * A hunter

title: User:Hamuyi


text:
User talk:Hamuyi

Please leave a message by clicking the 'Add Discussion' fuction. Thank you. If you have not read my userpage.

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Hamuyi!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started. (Would you like to provide feedback on this message?)

  Getting help   Made a mistake?   Goodies, tips and tricks
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
 * Please fill in the edit summary and preview your edits before saving.
 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

-- Jules (Mrjulesd) 20:01, 18 June 2020 (UTC)

Talkback
You have new messages at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Hamuyi#Block_notice. Passengerpigeon (discuss • contribs) 01:12, 19 June 2020 (UTC)

What are beds?
I want this page kept because: I think this is a textbook, with useful Information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hamuyi (talk • contribs) 05:33, 19 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi, Hamuyi. Truthfully, having looked at the page, it really does appear to be encyclopedic; I'm not seeing any indication of potential to make a book out of it.  For the moment, I'm speedy-deleting it.  Before recreating it, please explain how you would develop it into a book as such. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 06:21, 19 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hamuyi


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 01

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 8; January 26, 1950

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - JANUARY, 1950 - No. 8

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe Street, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

V.T.V.M. Multitester. . . . 5

Selecting Equipment. . . . 13

Two-Station Receiver. . . . 17

Sound Reproduction. . . . 19

The Single-Wire Antenna. . . . 29

Our Technical Directory. . . . 32

Speedy Queries. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

AT this time of the year it is customary to look back over the past, then turn to the future. Looking back: My first duty is to express my sincere appreciation for the loyal support which I have received from buyers and subscribers. Production problems have meant that many issues have not been as good as I would have liked them; increased production costs have made an increase in price inevitable. Yet I am happy to note that sales today are higher than ever before in the long history of the publication. The advertising position is not so happy. The manufacturers of component parts have their problems, and many of them are not able to support technical journals in the manner they deserve. The future looks much brighter. Once clear of the holiday season, we expect to be able to get bigger and better issues out on time. For editorial matter the outlook is also brighter, as quite a few firms have mentioned to us that they intend to release new lines in the near future. One of the first is a new "Aegis" kit-set job for a four-valve mantel model, to use the latest high-gain valves. Next is a set to use a most compact dual-wave coil bracket which has been designed by the "Q-Plus" engineers. All we need is a little more revenue from advertising, and we will be able to turn out much better issues for 1950. A. G. Hull


text:
History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 02

P.01 - Front Cover
The Australasian Radio World

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

1/6

Vol. 14 - No. 9; February 28, 1950

P.03 - Contents Banner
THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD

Devoted entirely to Technical Radio

and incorporating

ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS

VOL. 14 - FEBRUARY, 1949 (sic, 1950) - No. 9

P.03 - Publication Notes
Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. Phone: M'ton 344.

Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101

Representatives —

In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.

In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland

In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., 168 Regent St., London, W.1.

Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.

Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free

Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.

Printed by "Post" Newspapers Pty. Ltd., Mornington, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Balcombe Street, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

P.03 - Contents
CONTENTS

The New Metropolis 4. . . . 5

Amplifiers For Cutting. . . . 11

High Stability V.F.O. .. . . 21

The "Panagram" Circuit. . . . 26

Valve Technique. . . . 27

Shortwave Review. . . . 33

Speedy Query Service. . . . 34

P.03 - Editorial
EDITORIAL

FROM the Disposals Committee of the Wireless Institute we have received the following letter:— "With reference to remarks regarding the Wireless Institute of Australia as contained in your Editorial for December, 1949. All goods offered by the Institute to its members are passed on for use of such members at prices which are not loaded to the extent when equipment is made available through normal trade channels who have made tremendous profits from the unsuspecting person. This applied more particularly in the early days before the Institute entered the field, when such goods were bought for so much per hundred-weight, etc., by the trade. However, goods sold under these conditions allow the member to have more money available to purchase additional equipment, produced by Australian Manufacturers, to replace any burnt out components, as well as that used when redesigning to his own particular requirements. We trust you will publish this reply so that any fears your readers may have will, at least, be partly allayed. We say partly, because even if the Institute did not enter the field, such equipment would still have been offered by the Disposals Authorities and no one would stop a person from purchasing same from any recognised distributor. Our authorisation appears in Hansard." As requested by the W.I.A., this letter is printed in full, not that it in any way alters the fact that radio component manufacturers have found disposals gear as opposition to their business progress. It was never our intention to blame the W.I.A. for this, but just to remark upon it as being part of the problems which are the aftermath of wars. — A. G. HULL.