text:
User:Xeverything11/tags/primary

Primary

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Xeverything11/tags/primary


text:
User:Xeverything11/tags/social

Social

title: User:Xeverything11/tags/social


text:
User:Xeverything11/tags/updates

Updates

title: User:Xeverything11/tags/updates


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How to Make a Paper Airplane

Making a paper airplane is easier than you think. All you need is a few simple materials and the creative mindset to take flight. There are a variety of paper airplanes and a bunch of different methods to use when creating one. The airplane in which you chose to create is unique to you and the methods in which one wants to approach. Making a flying piece of paper from scratch is what makes the experience of flying more deserving and memorable.

When you wish to illustrate air traffic control regulations, paper airplanes are a great tool. There was a time when the basic components of actual aircraft were explained and discussed using paper airplanes.

Easiest way to make a paper airplane

 * 1) Vertically, fold the paper in half
 * 2) Fold the top corners of the paper into the middle line after unfolding it
 * 3) The top margins should be folded into the center
 * 4) The plane is folded in half toward you
 * 5) In order to fold the wings, line up their top edges with the bottom edge of the body

Table of Contents

 * 1) /Overview/
 * 2) /World Record Paper Airplanes/
 * 3) /Science Behind Paper Airplanes/

title: How to Make a Paper Airplane


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Cookbook:Plain Scones

Ingredients

 * 450 g (2 cups / 16 oz / 1 lb) cake flour, plus more as needed
 * ½ tsp salt
 * 2 tsp baking powder
 * 3 tbsp caster sugar
 * 5 tbsp cold butter, cut into pieces
 * 1 egg
 * 120–180 ml (½–¾ cup / 4–6 fl oz) heavy cream, plus more for brushing
 * Fruit jam (usually raspberry or strawberry)

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 230°C (450°F / Gas Mark 8).
 * 2) Put the flour, salt, baking powder and 2 tablespoons of the sugar in a food processor and pulse to combine. Add the butter and pulse until the mixture resembles cornmeal.
 * 3) Add the egg and just enough cream to form a slightly sticky dough. If it’s too sticky, add a little flour, but very little; it should still stick a little to your hands.
 * 4) Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and knead once or twice, then press it into a 2 cm (¾ inch) thick circle. Cut out 5 cm (2 inch) rounds with a biscuit cutter or glass.
 * 5) Put the rounds on an ungreased baking sheet. Gently reshape the leftover dough and cut out more scones.
 * 6) Brush the top of each scone with a bit of cream and sprinkle with a little of the remaining sugar.
 * 7) Bake for 9 to 11 minutes, or until the scones are a beautiful golden brown. Let them cool and serve immediately.

title: Cookbook:Plain Scones


text:
User:DAlonsoRamirez

$\int$

title: User:DAlonsoRamirez


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Cabinet Vision: The Last Mile/User Created Standards

Basic Structure of a UCS
A UCS can be broken down into a few discrete, let's call them blocks.

 * First line should be a comment describing the UCS
 * First block is your For Each line. Should only have ONE at the top of the UCS, more will screw it up.
 * Second block is your Off-Switch. You should delete parameters you don't want preserved and create an EXIT from the UCS if neeeded
 * Third block is where you define your controls. Custom parameters typically go here.  Lots of IF [parameter] = NULL statements.
 * Fourth block is where you take action. Your prep work pays off here.  Here's where your modifications happen; here's where you dimension parts and hardware.
 * Fifth block is where you clean up. Close out any leftover END IFS and use DELETE on unneeded parameters.


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Cookbook:Cold Potatoes Fried

Ingredients

 * Meat drippings
 * Boiled potatoes, cold and sliced
 * Salt
 * Pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Heat some drippings in a frying pan.
 * 2) Add the sliced potatoes, and season with a little salt and pepper.
 * 3) Cook the potatoes until quite hot.
 * 4) Serve.

title: Cookbook:Cold Potatoes Fried


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Cookbook:Potatoes Fried Whole

Ingredients

 * Potatoes
 * Flour (optional)
 * Egg yolk (optional), beaten
 * Fine breadcrumbs (optional)
 * Beef drippings

Procedure

 * 1) Boil the potatoes until almost done. Drain.
 * 2) If desired, dip the potatoes in flour, then egg yolks, then breadcrumbs.
 * 3) Heat the drippings in a pan. Add the potatoes, and fry until brown and crisp, shaking regularly to prevent burning.
 * 4) Remove from pan, and serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Potatoes Fried Whole


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Cookbook:Potatoes Roasted under Meat

Ingredients

 * Large potatoes
 * Roasting meat

Procedure

 * 1) Half-boil the potatoes, and drain the water from them.
 * 2) Transfer the potatoes to a baking dish or pan. Then, place the dish underneath meat roasting on a spit so that they catch the drippings.
 * 3) Occasionally baste the potatoes with the meat drippings. When they are browned on one side, turn them and brown on the other.
 * 4) Serve with the roasted meat.

title: Cookbook:Potatoes Roasted under Meat


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American Literature/Romanticism (1810-1861)

Peter B High in his book argues that "in the early part of the nineteenth century New York City was the center of American writing". He goes on to discuss Washington Irving and James Kirke Paulding, contrasting them with James Fenimore Cooper.


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User talk:2601:2C4:0:8910:E17C:B039:A99C:82AB

You cannot edit for 2 weeks due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

Xania   talk 04:40, 11 February 2023 (UTC)


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User:Arlen22/Thesis On Christianity

April 1, 2023
Humans long for a community to successfully be part of long-term. In other words, humans deeply desire successful symbiotic relationships. A parasitic relationship (in either direction) drains the life and energy out of a person. Every human being desires to belong, thrive, and succeed. Not alone, but together.

Every human is programmed to play a permanent role in life and it is our primary goal to effectively play that role. As a result, most neurological and psychological disorders are rooted in this goal. But this goal is not the cause. Rather, almost like a virus, foreign agents attack this goal and subvert it to carry out their own goals. And indeed, these "mind" viruses are the work of biology. Our own biology selects rather simply based on total reproductive success. A "mind virus" which improves the reproductive success of the family will naturally continue unless challenged by a more successful agent.

So our biology is the cause? No. Our biology naturally selects based on total reproductive success. A virus is a sickness which a healthy system can overcome. And just like our immune system fights viruses based on past exposure, our mind attacks these foreign agents based on our life experience and knowledge.

Earlier
The combining of partial truths from many sources to obtain the whole truth is not an easy or simple exercise. But the assertion or discovery that this has been the case certainly does nothing to detract from the truth as discovered or obtained from any sources.

The truth of the sources does not remove from the truth of the work. The proof that Christianity combines ideas from many teachers, however true or false, does nothing to make Christianity any less spiritual or factual, but rather opens the door to debate on the matter of ultimate truth, a discussion which the church of every age has shown it does well to conduct itself in rigorously without pretense or conceit, in order to make sure that only the truth of the word of God is presented, and not man's misunderstanding, misinterpretations, and misapplications. For man does not think in his natural mind the way God does and so he cannot depend on his instincts to instruct him in what is ultimately truth. For if man knew ultimate truth, he would not think of anything the way he does now, but would think of it in a much different way.

It is no secret that Christianity shares many principles with many other religions, and the reason for this is very basic. If Christianity is the truth, then it cannot lay exclusive claim to the truth in any way, because the truth is not exclusive to one sect or group, and God's word is a record of God's revelation of truth to humanity through 4000 years of human history prior to Christianity. So then not only is it perfectly reasonable that Christianity will share truths with other religions, it is in fact required, because if God's revelations of truth took root in the hearts of mankind and became the seeds of religion, then for Christianity to be true it must contain all of the revelations of truth which mankind has ever witnessed, in addition to those which are unique to Christianity.

It is for this reason that the writers of the gospels point to Jesus as the truth. It is not Christianity that is true, it is Jesus that is true. While this is a difficult concept for many to grasp, the reason is simple. Human beings have a hard time understanding the mechanical workings of a system (as I well know being a systems engineer), but they find it easy to follow the patterns and models demonstrated by a person who does understand the system. This basic ability of human nature to imitate others directly is a core principle of humanity's survival. People do not understand themselves well, and so they are not good at explaining why they do things, and may do things for entirely different reasons than they think they do. The ability to empathize and imitate is therefore absolutely essential to the survival of humanity. When information is communicated, it must allow the hearer to empathize and imitate in order to be at all effective.

The ability for any person to sift through all the knowledge available to them and discern what is true and what is not can only come from God. He gives wisdom to everyone generously. Any person who claims that they can know the truth must be able to demonstrate that what they're saying actually is true and not just conjecture. This is demonstrated by the many times the Bible refers to reality as proof of a statement or claim. It is not enough to say something is true without demonstrating the proof of why it is true.

That is to say, not only are science and the bible not in disagreement, they are in complete agreement. For if something in the bible cannot be accurately and consistently reproduced, then it is not being correctly understood. That is the most central implication of the claim that the bible is the true word of God. For God cannot lie, and therefore cannot make a statement about reality that isn't true. Being able to correctly discern scripture is not about determining what reality should be, but rather about determining what God is saying about reality. If that leads us to a conclusion that we know contradicts what God says, then we know we don't know everything about it yet, because God cannot lie and therefore cannot contradict himself.

Judge not, that you be not judged.
I read in my bible the passage in Matthew 7 where Jesus said that we are not to judge so that we aren't judged. This could be referring to the judgment day, but since we know that everyone will be put on trial, without exception, this isn't going to mean that. This could also be referring to deciding what we think of another person's actions, but since we are called to judge righteous judgment, we are clearly not being told not to decide what should happen in random situations. Let's examine Jesus next sentence, which is an observation of how reality works. "For with what measure you mete it shall be measured to you again, and with what judgement you judge you shall be judged." In another place, Paul says "Who are you to judge another man's servant? To his own master he stands or falls. And God is capable and shall make him stand." It begins to become clear that we are being told not to judge how each other is following God (or declare what their "karma" will be). Each of us stands to account for our own actions, but in the meantime, God is able to keep us. But when we judge another, we also judge ourselves, and God will hold us to that standard. So Jesus says not to do that because God has to be just and if you judge another in something you don't do yourself, God has to hold you to that standard in order to be fair to the other person. So then the curse you put on the other person for their actions comes back on you as well.

A few of my own thoughts that support this conclusion

 * My earlier observation that I can't know everything about myself and often can only see my blind spots in other people, which makes it human nature to judge others in things we are guilty of because we aren't aware of it and think it makes us more righteous than them.
 * Jesus said in another place not to swear at all but to simply let your yes be yes and your no be no. The point of swearing in the old testament was to place a curse on yourself if you fail to do the thing you promised. This was intended to scare the flesh into submission because the flesh is mostly survival instinct and needing to survive the wrath of God is a powerful motivator. This spiritual principle certainly did not end with Jesus, but is still in effect today, as demonstrated by those who come out of Freemasonry. Generally a former Freemason must renounce each curse they have placed upon themself in order to be free of it. If you think that's too detailed, remember that we're giving account of idle words on judgement day, so it is perfectly reasonable to keep track of curses we put on ourselves. The same principle applies to blessing, making Jesus words "bless, and curse not" all the more meaningful.
 * It is reasonable in the same way to renounce each curse we have put on others as God brings them to mind.
 * Putting curses on people is witchcraft.

I have not come to bring peace on earth but a sword
I read in my bible the passage where Jesus says "Think not that I am come to bring peace on earth. I am not come to bring peace, but a sword." At first it sounds to me like we should always expect conflict as a result of Christianity, but this is clearly not the case, as Jesus spends most of his ministry teaching how to bring peace. He says "blessed are the peacemakers", and Paul makes numerous references to living in peace. So he clearly isn't saying that we should live in conflict or expect conflict with fellow believers. It makes a lot more sense to assume that he means conflict with unbelieving family members, since that is exactly what he mentions in that passage, but not with secular governments, as he doesn't mention that here or anywhere else, and would not have been killed by Rome except for the pressure and threats from the Jewish religious leaders, and Paul even says to pray for all who are in authority so that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty.

People often bring up communism as an example of secular governments not allowing people to live quiet and peaceable lives, but my response to that is fairly simple. Soviet communism did not come against a church that was quietly and peacefully spreading the gospel. They were keeping to themselves and not effectively spreading the gospel, which often results in a massive and decimating response. I don't know exactly why or what principles are at play there, but I can say that it seems very consistent in Church history that the only defense is a good offense. A church, region, group, nation, economy, etc. which is spreading the gospel within their own borders is often preserved against overwhelming odds. They don't necessarily have to be sending missionaries elsewhere, but that is often a strong indicator of the health of their domestic mission.

Asian communism has not specifically targeted Christianity but simply targets all religions. Nor have the prosecutions and sentences been particularly out of character for Asian penitential systems, as they are often rather brutal with their own people. Nor have they been particularly adverse to the personal practice of religion or even the public practice of it within their own ranks, as long as they maintain control. And communism has made the non-Christian parts of Asia better, not worse, so they've technically earned their keep. Even the boxer rebellion was more brutal than communism has been and the communist takeover could well be seen as being brought about by God in a similar way to how the roman occupation prepared the middle east and europe for the gospel. The concept is the same, as communism in Asia has had a very unifying effect on the people groups there and brought education to a lot of remote regions that wouldn't have had it otherwise. They sure aren't perfect, but I'm pretty sure they're still a lot better than the Roman empire was. The interplay between regional and local government is as interesting in Asia as anywhere else, but on a national level the gospel has flourished in China as a result of communism, I think.

So the sword Jesus brought to earth, as he said, was interpersonal relationships with unbelieving family, not with government. He doesn't say government here at all, and the bible says the opposite in many other places, so it's a bit unreasonable to conclude that he was intending to refer to government persecution of Christianity here.

title: User:Arlen22/Thesis On Christianity


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User:Ceren-Literate

Whole lotta love.

title: User:Ceren-Literate


text:
JavaScript/CS Communication

In many cases, the communication between clients and servers is programmed in JavaScript. Those JS-scripts use core and extended aspects of the language, especially its asynchronous features. To realize the communication, there is no need to introduce any special or additional features to the language itself.

But there are some terms, libraries, and APIs that are special to that communication, namely: the term Ajax, the XMLHttpRequest object, libraries like jQuery or Axios, and the Fetch API. Because of their importance, there are separate Wikibooks and Wiki pages that describe their behavior and application. The Wikibook on hand gives only a survey about their significance, short summaries, and links to appropriate pages for further readings.

XMLHttpRequest
The dominating protocol for client/server communication is http(s). It offers commands to read data from a server (GET) and to change the server's data (POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE). Such commands are transferred within an object called XMLHttpRequest. It also contains the content (data) for both directions: to the server and from the server. Nowadays, the data is formatted chiefly in JSON - despite its name XMLHttpRequest, which stands for its originally used XML format.

How to work with the XMLHttpRequest object is described in:
 * MDN: XMLHttpRequest
 * Wikipedia: XMLHttpRequest
 * W3Schools: XMLHttpRequest

The response (data) returned by XMLHttpRequest may contain HTML fragments or other information that is used to create HTML fragments locally, e.g., data from a database that shall be shown in an HTML table. Therefore it is - among other things - a cornerstone to realize single-page applications (SPA).

Directly working with XMLHttpRequest is not outdated but a legacy technique where you have to consider many details. Libraries based on XMLHttpRequest and other APIs can make your work easier.

Ajax
The asynchronous behavior of the HTTP protocol is so important that it found its way into one of the central terms: "Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, or Ajax, is not a technology in itself, but rather an approach to using a number of existing technologies together, including HTML or XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM, XML, XSLT, and most importantly the XMLHttpRequest object." .

You can find short examples at the following sites:
 * MDN: Ajax Introduction
 * Wikipedia: Ajax
 * Wikibook: Programming Ajax
 * W3Schools: Ajax examples

Libraries
jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies commonly used activities like DOM traversal and manipulation, event handling, and client/server communication. You can find more information and examples at:

 * jQuery Website
 * Wikipedia: jQuery
 * W3Schools: jQuery

Axios is a JavaScript library. It realizes a client for browsers and for the Webserver node.js. Axios supports promises.

 * Axios Website
 * Digital Ocean: Axios Tutorial

Fetch API
The fetch API supports the same features as the legacy XMLHttpRequest object and its interface. It is an entirely new implementation (with some minor differences from XMLHttpRequest) and is available in all modern browsers; there is no need for any additional library or framework. It is a member of the Web API family (service worker, DOM API, cache API, ...).

Despite of its name fetch it does not only read data from a server. HTTP commands like PUT, POST, or DELETE are also supported.

You can find more information at:
 * MDN: Fetch API
 * W3Schools: Fetch API

A complete example is given in the Wikibook on hand. Here is the structure of the script:

The  command requests an example page. This page always returns an array of ten addresses in json format. The first  picks the json-part out of the result, and the second   shows it in the console. If an error occurs (network, typo in URL, ...), the -part executes and shows an error message.

title: JavaScript/CS Communication


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User:Raghu451

தென்னகத்தின் கடவுள்🙏🙏

கோயிலில்லா ஊரில் குடியிருக்க வேண்டாம் என்பர். ஆம்! நம்மை ஆக்கியவனும் அவனே ! நம்மை அழிப்பதும் அவனே. இதில் யார் தான் விதிவிலக்கு! அவ்வாறு இப்பூவுலகில் பிறந்த யாவரும் ஏதேனும் ஒவ்வொரு தெய்வத்தை வணங்கிக்கொண்டு தான் இருக்கிறோம்! அவ்வழியில் தென்னிந்தியாவின் மிகச்சிறந்த அருள்பாலிக்கும் கடவுளும், நாங்கள் வணங்கும் குலதெய்வமுமான "பிரம்மசக்தி" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பிரம்மராக்கசக்தி அம்மனைப்பற்றி ஒரு சில வார்த்தைகள் கூற விரும்புகிறேன்.

title: User:Raghu451


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User talk:Qualander

Blocked
—Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 21:36, 12 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Qualander


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Cookbook:Pancake

Pancakes are a subcategory of flatbreads made by cooking a batter on a hot pan or griddle.

Characteristics
Pancakes vary widely in size, shape, and ingredients. Their main shared trait is that they are typically made from a relatively thin batter and cooked on a pan or griddle. A select few are made from a very thin dough instead of a batter, and a few exceptions are baked in the oven.

Most pancakes are either filled or topped with other ingredients, both sweet and savory. Depending on the variety and the culture, they can be eaten at all meals.

Varieties

 * American pancakes: wheat-based and chemically leavened; fluffy, usually served with sweet toppings as breakfast or brunch
 * Crêpes: large, thin pancakes; typically with sweet or savory fillings
 * Blini: small, round, and puffed; often topped with sour cream, smoked fish, and/or caviar
 * Blintz: thin pancakes enclosing a filling of sweetened cheese or jam
 * Palacsinta: very thin Hungarian pancake
 * Dutch pancakes: puffy, eggy pancakes baked in the oven; similar to Yorkshire pudding
 * Bao bing: plain Chinese pancake made of wheat flour
 * Chinese scallion pancakes (cong you bin): layered savory pancake filled with scallions
 * Jeon: variety of Korean pancake; often filled with savory ingredients
 * Dadar gutung: Indonesian pancake with sweet fillings
 * Matefaim: thick French pancake
 * Injera: fermented teff-based Ethiopian pancake; used to scoop up and eat other foods
 * Farinata: savory, chickpea-based Italian pancake
 * Dosa: thin South Asian pancake made of fermented rice/lentils
 * Hotteok: thick yeasted Korean pancake with sweet fillings
 * Okonomiyaki: Japanese pancakes made from nagaimo and filled/topped with a wide range of savory foods
 * Banh xeo: Vietnamese pancake based on rice flour and turmeric
 * Tortilla
 * Chremslach
 * Arepa
 * Schmarren
 * Ratzelach
 * Swedish pancakes

External links and references

 * Davidson, A., Jaine, T. (2014). The Oxford Companion to Food. United Kingdom: OUP Oxford.
 * https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-are-pancakes.htm
 * https://www.seriouseats.com/pancakes-around-the-world
 * https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-gluten-pancakes/

title: Cookbook:Pancake


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Cookbook talk:Lancashire Corned Beef Hash

Veggie hash
Can you inlclude the recipe for for Veggie hash? 147.84.199.21 (discuss) 11:20, 13 February 2023 (UTC)


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JavaScript/TOC OLD

 * 1) Welcome
 * 2) * Introduction
 * 3) * Relation to other languages
 * 4) * Your first real program: Hello World
 * 5) * JavaScript within HTML
 * 6) * Handling events
 * 7) * Development tools
 * 8) * Self test
 * 9) * Helpful hints
 * 10) Core Language Aspects
 * 11) * Lexical structure
 * 12) ** Automatic semicolon insertion (ASI)
 * 13) ** Reserved words
 * 14) * Variables
 * 15) * Data types; Initialization
 * 16) ** Primitive data type
 * 17) ** Objects
 * 18) ** Arrays
 * 19) ** Dates
 * 20) ** Regular Expressions
 * 21) * Operators
 * 22) * Program flow I: if, switch, try
 * 23) * Program flow II: loops
 * 24) * Functions
 * 25) Extended Language Aspects
 * 26) * Closures
 * 27) * Asynchronous behavior
 * 28) * Object-oriented programming (OOP)
 * 29) ** Prototype-based syntax
 * 30) ** Class syntax
 * 31) * Modules
 * 32) * Sequence Generators
 * 33) Client Side Aspects
 * 34) * Document Object Model (DOM)
 * 35) ** Introduction
 * 36) ** Finding elements
 * 37) ** Changing element's content
 * 38) ** Adding elements
 * 39) ** Removing elements
 * 40) ** Restructure the DOM tree
 * 41) ** Changing element styles
 * 42) * Events
 * 43) ** Handling DOM events
 * 44) * Digression: Simple games
 * 45) ** Apply and deepen your knowledge

 * 1) * Miscellaneous
 * Hint: This chapter is partly outdated.
 * 1) ** Debugging
 * 2) ** Optimization
 * 3) ** Shell
 * 4) ** Forms
 * 5) ** Bookmarklets
 * 6) ** Working with files
 * 7) ** Handling XML
 * 8) ** Handling JSON
 * 9) Client-Server Communication
 * 10) * Client-Server Communication
 * 11) JavaScript at Server-Side
 * 12) * JavaScript at Server-side
 * 13) Appendices
 * 14) * Glossary
 * 15) * Index
 * 16) * Links
 * 17) * Useful software tools
 * 18) * Best practices

title: JavaScript/TOC OLD


text:
How to Make a Paper Airplane/Science Behind Paper Airplanes

There are a lot of hard concepts to get your head around how a paper air plane can fly through the air. An important vocabulary word is force. This is something that exerts pressure or pull on another object. A paper airplane needs a push or a force to take off when it is thrown into the air. That push is an example of a thrust force. Air is traveling over and under the wings of the aircraft as it moves ahead, giving it a force known as lift. The paper airplane will have a good, long flight if it has adequate propulsion and has well-designed wings. However, a paper airplane can return to Earth for reasons other than a lack of thrust and inadequate wing design. The air pushes up against a paper plane as it flies through the air, slowing it down. We refer to this force as drag. Consider placing your hand outside the window of a moving car to consider drag. Drag is the force of the air forcing your hand back as you advance. Finally, the paper plane's weight impacts its flight and causes it to land. The force of Earth's gravity pulling on the paper airplane is known as weight. The interaction of all four of these forces thrust, lift, drag, and weight all make an impact on a paper airplane.

Another important word used for paper airplanes is aerodynamics. The range and ease of flight of a paper airplane are both governed by its aerodynamics. The plane's aerodynamics must have minimum drag and be extremely light to defy gravity. The forces of lift and propulsion are also utilized by paper aircraft. Paper airplanes will fly farther when the balance of these four forces is used.


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Golf/Etiquette

Playing golf is an enjoyable social activity that also requires etiquette and proper behavior. Here are some basic guidelines to help you act appropriately on the golf course:

 * 1) Be respectful of other players: Avoid making loud noises, be mindful of your speed of play, and do not disrupt other players’ shots.
 * 2) Dress appropriately: Golf courses typically have a dress code that requires players to wear collared shirts, slacks or golf shorts, and golf shoes.
 * 3) Keep the course in good condition: Repair divots, replace divots with sand, and avoid stepping on the greens.
 * 4) Respect the pace of play: Keep up with the group in front of you and be ready to hit your shots when it’s your turn.
 * 5) Be mindful of others on the course: Yelling, playing through groups, and disregarding golf cart rules can all be dangerous and disrespectful to other players.
 * 6) Follow golf rules: Keep up to date with the rules of golf and be prepared to follow them at all times.
 * 7) Keep a good attitude: Golf can be a challenging game, but maintaining a positive attitude will make the experience more enjoyable for everyone on the course.

By following these guidelines, you can help ensure that your time on the golf course is enjoyable and respectful to others.

When golfing, it's important to dress appropriately for the weather and to follow the dress code of the golf course you're playing on. Here are some general guidelines:

Wear comfortable, breathable clothes: Choose clothing made from lightweight, moisture-wicking fabric that will keep you cool and dry.

Dress in layers: If the weather is cool, dress in layers so that you can easily remove clothing as the temperature rises. A light sweater or windbreaker can be a good choice for cooler mornings.

Opt for golf-specific clothing: Golf-specific clothing, such as golf pants or skirts, is designed for ease of movement and comfort on the golf course.

Avoid denim: Most golf courses prohibit denim, so be sure to wear non-denim pants or shorts.

Wear appropriate footwear: Golf shoes with soft spikes are ideal for the golf course, as they provide good traction and are gentle on the greens.

Consider the weather: If it's hot and sunny, consider wearing a hat or visor to protect your face and eyes from the sun. If it's raining, be sure to wear waterproof gear to keep you dry.

Remember, each golf course may have its own dress code, so be sure to check ahead of time to avoid any misunderstandings.

Maintaining the course: Replace your divots. Turf tends to explode on impact, making it difficult, if not impossible, to replace the divot. In this case, you have two options: Bring a rake into the bunker with you -- remembering that you should always enter the bunker from the low side at a point nearest to the ball. Whenever possible, avoid walking on the steep face of a bunker. After hitting your shot, rake the area you played from, as well as all your footprints and any others within reach. Rakes should be left either in or nearby the bunker. Important to repair any pitch marks or indentations caused by the ball hitting the green. Using a tee, knife, key or repair tool, repair the mark by working the edges towards the center, without lifting the center of the mark. Don't tear the grass. Finish by smoothing the area with a club or your foot. Try to get the area smooth enough to putt over.
 * You can use the toe of your shoe to kick in the turf around the edges of the divot.
 * Many courses often put containers of a soil/seed mixture on their carts and tees. If this is the case, simply fill in the divot with the mixture.

title: Golf/Etiquette


text:
How to Make a Paper Airplane/World Record Paper Airplanes

For years, thousands of people have tried to set the Guinness World Record for the farthest flight by a paper airplane. Many have come close, but the record belongs to Dillon Rubble, Nathaniel Erickson, and Garret Jenson. These three studied aerospace engineering together at Missouri SandT which lead to the group finalizing their design. They based the plane on hypersonic aerospace vehicles. On December 2, 2022, in Crown Point, Indiana, the paper airplane flew 88.31 meters (289ft 9in)

Another impressive Guinness World Record that contains paper airplanes is the "longest flying paper aircraft duration." This record was set on December 19, 2010, in Fukuyama, Japan. Takuo Toda threw a paper airplane which managed to stay in the air for 29.2 seconds.


text:
How to Make a Comic/Scanning

Scanning is the process of taking a physical paper, and photographing it in some way to make it available to view and edit on a computer. An artist may choose to do rough preliminary sketches on paper, and then scan and finalize the drawing digitally, or create the finished work entirely on paper, and do minimal retouching when scanning, for example only adding text to text bubbles.

Common Methods of Scanning
The most common method of scanning a page is to use a dedicated scanning device. Printers often come with scanners for documents, but tend to be designed for standard page sizes, and may bend the paper when it is fed through the machine. Dedicated scanners, that open in a clam shell, are more often designed to handle unconventional page sizes, and will scan art without bending the page.

Smartphone applications can be used to scan documents, using the smartphone's camera and software that can detect the edges of the paper to correct for distortion. Although this option can be fast and convenient, it has some drawbacks. Lighting may not be optimal, because it relies on room lighting rather than a uniform light in a dedicated scanner. Depending on the software used, it may be more difficult to adjust contrast and levels. Using indirect lighting, unobstructed by an arm or the device itself which can cast shadows, for good results. Several free scanning applications can be found for Android and iOS.

Page Preparation
Some techniques are used while drawing on paper, to plan ahead for the scanning process.

 * Use a dark ink, in contrast to any remaining pencil sketches or texture from the paper, to make the cleaning process of the scanned image easier.
 * Use a blue pencil for sketches, and do the final inking with black ink. During scanning and editing, the blue color can be ignored by the computer.
 * Layer two pages, one smaller than the other, to cover up something.

Scanning
There are some common details between all methods of scanning. It would be fortunate to get exactly the desired look on the first try, so here are some good first things to adjust when starting. This section is mainly focused on black and white images.

Scanning Resolution
A higher resolution scan will preserve more fine details of the art, but create a larger file size.

Contrast, Brightness, Levels, and Noise Reduction
These are things to do with the look of the art as it transitions from physical to digital.

Although contrast and brightness are often adjusted in a computer application, some scanners may have settings to control brightness and contrast. Increasing contrast can result in a crisper image, but shading and other details can be lost. If contrast is reduced, the whites can become darker, so brightness might be adjusted in conjunction.

Levels, or thresholds, are a way to adjust the values of an image, usually found in digital editing software. To display the levels, a computer often shows a histogram ranging from white to black.

Digital art often has a smoother, more consistent look than traditional art, due to paper grain, roughness of edges on pen or pencil strokes, and uneven ink or graphite distribution. Digitally applying a noise reduction filter on a scanned image can give it a look similar to art produced digitally. However, the roughness of traditional art may be desirable for its aesthetic.

title: How to Make a Comic/Scanning


text:
Cookbook:Banana Spirulina Pancakes

This is a recipe for banana spirulina pancakes.

Ingredients

 * 280 g (1 ¼ cup or 10 oz) all-purpose flour
 * 2 tbsp white granulated sugar
 * 2 tsp baking powder
 * ½ tsp salt
 * About 1 teaspoon powdered spirulina
 * 2 tbsp vegetable oil
 * 280 g (1 ¼ cup or 10 oz) rice milk (soy might also work)
 * 1 thinly-sliced banana
 * Maple syrup

Equipment

 * Non-stick skillet, sauté pan, or griddle
 * Spatula
 * Non-stick spray

Procedure

 * 1) Sift and combine the flour, sugar, baking powder, salt, and spirulina in a big bowl.
 * 2) In a separate bowl, mix oil and milk.
 * 3) Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Dump in the liquid ingredients and lightly mix the two together. Do not whisk, beat, or otherwise try to mash out all of the batter lumps. You will end up with tough, flat, and ugly pancakes. Keep a light hand, and your pancakes will be fluffy.
 * 4) Gently toss in the bananas and stir them just enough to coat in the batter.
 * 5) Heat non-stick pan over medium-high heat, and spray evenly with oil.
 * 6) Using a ⅓ cup measure as a scoop, dip into the batter and pour evenly into the skillet. Watch your heat carefully, you want it on medium-hot (don't burn them).
 * 7) When bubbles begin to form in the middle of the pancake, and the edges look somewhat set, give it another spray of oil.
 * 8) Immediately flip over, and cook for another minute or so on the other side.
 * 9) Remove the pancake, and put it in the toaster oven on warm while you cook the remaining batter (or find some way of keeping it warm).
 * 10) Spray the pan again, and repeat until the batter is all gone.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you freeze the banana first, you can get very thin slices.
 * A light maple syrup is very good. Some prefer this without anything else. Strawberry jam is also preferable, as it gives it that sour zing. Nutella Ferrero is very good for those who like chocolate. Powdered sugar for those who have a sweet tooth.

title: Cookbook:Banana Spirulina Pancakes


text:
The Future of Leadership/Employee Retention in the Future of Work

Improving Hybrid/ Remote Employee Retention
Hybrid/remote employees' engagement is negatively impacted by the lack of communication and connection. The lack of engagement and support by management has been seen prior to the pandemic. In general, roughly 70% of employees feel employers are not doing enough to prevent burnout. Hybrid/ remote employees also experience burnout which in turn can produce decreased motivation and loyalty to the company because of a lack of engagement. This then leads to higher turnover which in turn causes lower retention. However, management can improve retention of its hybrid/remote employees, prior to exit interviews, by focusing on communication and connection.

There is a strong positive relationship between communication and employee performance. To improve hybrid/remote employee retention, management should do the following:

Implementing these actions will also inherently contribute to building stronger connections with hybrid/remote employees.
 * Communicate intentionally and genuinely (1 on 1). Be Present when communicating
 * Set and honor Boundaries
 * Trust your Employees
 * Minimize nonessential virtual Meetings
 * Don’t abuse chat boxes

A high-trust approach from management has been correlated with good performance during the 2020 pandemic.

Improving Employee Retention through Onboarding and Offboarding
All new employees have experience onboarding in one way or another. Some organizations classify onboarding as checking off the boxes of making sure addresses for W2s are correct and you are aware of how PTO accrues. The purpose of onboarding should be setting new hires up for success and decreasing the time it takes for them to become comfortable in their new roles. Gallup finds that only 12% of employees strongly agree that their organization does a great job onboarding new employees.

Benefits of Onboarding
There are countless benefits that come from investing in a good onboarding process including a better employee experience, higher employee engagement, and higher employee retention. Organizations with a strong onboarding process improve new hire retention by 82 percent. It also makes it easier for new employees to feel like they are part of the team. Sixty nine percent of companies that invest in employee onboarding report easier assimilation into the corporate culture. It is key to share information about your company’s mission, vision, and values early—and often—in the employee lifecycle.

Consequences of Poor Onboarding
According to the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), employee turnover can be as much as 50% in the first 18 months of employment. Employees leaving the workforce can be expensive and put pressure on highly burdened resources as well as a company's financial bottom line. That high turnover is also associated with increased costs SHRM estimates that it will cost a company six to nine months of an employee's salary to identify and onboard a replacement. Others in the field believe the cost to be much higher.

How to onboard successfully
It can be tempting to have a short onboarding process, but short and non-standardized onboarding processes are likely hurting your new employees. New hires need the opportunity to develop relationships with managers, peers, and key stakeholders. The following three steps can help set new hires up for success and improve employee retention.

How to offboard successfully
No matter how effective the onboarding process, turnover will occur. This makes the offboarding experience essential to the future of your organization. It allows companies one last chance to leave a lasting, positive impression on separating employees. Traditionally companies have invested significant resources in onboard and have neglected the offboarding process. Policies related to rehiring that served you well before might need to be revised to accommodate the new ways of business. Companies have created communities of previous employees, gig workers and boomerangs to create alumni networks to help in re-hiring talent, communication of jobs and partnerships.

Exit interviews
When that happens you will have the opportunity to take part in an exit interview as a part of the offboarding process. These interviews take place when you choose to step away from an organization, school, or most commonly, an employer. Exit interviews came into being to help employers to address turnover, retention/engagement and gather information that could foster continuous improvement. In theory, this tool would save you money and your most valued assets, your current employees. Yet the effectiveness of exit interviews has been debated for decades. Many employers do not take action on the information gleaned. There are those companies that are worried about the validity of the comments, because separating employees are too emotional, use the exit interview to rant about the employer or simply disengage from the process. Another concern is that companies do not want to invest the funds to affect the change identified by the exit interviews. With the potential benefits to employee engagement and retention compared to the high costs of employee turnover and fighting to change company culture, you have to ask yourself if exit interviews are going to help your company or be one last hoop for employees to jump though.

Exit Interviews are just one tool that could help companies with employee retention. That is only if employees separate according to the company’s process. Klotz and Bolino found that style employees use to quit their jobs can provide a snapshot on the current health of the company. By following these styles, you may see patterns develop in certain departments, or follow certain managers. Research also has found that when an employee leaves it is a good time to have informal conversations with the employees who are remaining. These “stay interviews” can help to corroborate information shared in exit interviews and measure the impact they will feel due to the departure of their colleague. This practice can positively benefit employee engagement. Environment, actions and certain operations offer signals that managers can watch for in their companies that can determine the organizational health and anticipate employee separation.

What all of this boils down to is if your company has exit interviews, then you should use that data to affect positive change. If your company does nothing with the information from the exit interview, then they should remove them from the separation process. Employees, generally, already know if their company and managers use the information they gleaned to maintain or improve the situation. There are two parties participating in the exit interview, and both should come prepared. You should try to make this a calm and pleasant experience. As the interviewer, be prepared with relevant questions, be open-minded to the responses and ready to hear the truth in a potentially emotional situation. As the separating employee be honest, include both the bad and the good experience you gained at the company, keeping in mind that you should share information that can affect positive change.


text: Category:Halloween recipes

title: Category:Halloween recipes


text:
Cookbook:Black Forest Cake (disambiguation)

A black forest cake, also called black forest gâteau or schwarzwälder kirschtorte, is a layered chocolate cake filled and flavored with whipped cream and cooked sour cherries. Alcoholic versions are also flavored with kirsch liqueur. The term "black forest" has since been extended and applied to other desserts flavored with chocolate and cherries.


text: Category:Risotto recipes

title: Category:Risotto recipes


text:
JavaScript/JS at server

JavaScript was initially introduced to run in web browsers. Nowadays, it is also heavily used on the server side within web servers, frameworks, libraries, and applications. We list some popular examples.

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment using the JavaScript engine V8. Some parts are written in C and C++. Node.js applications often create a web server and offer resources to the public.
 * Website: nodejs.org
 * Wikipedia: Node.js

Angular is a framework for developing web applications. It is written in TypeScript. TypeScript is a syntactical superset of JavaScript, adding static typing.
 * Website: Angular
 * Wikipedia: Angular

Vue.js is a JavaScript framework for building user interfaces.
 * Website: Vue.js
 * Wikipedia: Vue.js

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces - standard HTML elements like  or , as well as your own JSX components.
 * Website: React
 * Wikipedia: React

JSX is an extension to the JavaScript language to create complex HTML fragments dynamically. You can use expressions (variables, function calls, loops, ...) to build them.

... will render to:

title: JavaScript/JS at server


text:
How to Make a Paper Airplane/Paper Airplane Works Cited

https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/farthest-flight-by-a-paper-aircraft#:~:text=The%20farthest%20flight%20by%20a,USA%2C%20on%202%20December%202022.

https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-time-flying-a-paper-aircraft


text:
How to Make a Paper Airplane/World Record Paper Airplanes (School Project)

For years, thousands of people have tried to set the Guinness World Record for the farthest flight by a paper airplane. Many have come close, but the record belongs to Dillon Rubble, Nathaniel Erickson, and Garret Jenson. These three studied aerospace engineering together at Missouri SandT which lead to the group finalizing their design. They based the plane on hypersonic aerospace vehicles. On December 2, 2022, in Crown Point, Indiana, the paper airplane flew 88.31 meters (289ft 9in) Another impressive Guinness World Record that contains paper airplanes is the "longest flying paper aircraft duration." This record was set on December 19, 2010, in Fukuyama, Japan. Takuo Toda threw a paper airplane which managed to stay in the air for 29.2 seconds.


text:
User talk:Tlayton17

Read Using Wikibooks
Before you reverse other people's edits. People have been fixing your mistakes, you've been reintroducing the mistakes. Please familiarise yourself with how to use Wikibooks. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 15:12, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tlayton17


text:
User talk:Owen Carr

Read Using Wikibooks
Before you reverse other people's edits. People have been fixing your mistakes, you've been reintroducing the mistakes. Please familiarise yourself with how to use Wikibooks. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 15:12, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Owen Carr


text:
User talk:ToadyHody17

Read Using Wikibooks
Before you reverse other people's edits. People have been fixing your mistakes, you've been reintroducing the mistakes. Please familiarise yourself with how to use Wikibooks. MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 15:12, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:ToadyHody17


text: User:JackPotte/sandbox

title: User:JackPotte/sandbox


text:
User:KDGerring

Bold text

title: User:KDGerring


text:
Perspectives in Digital Literacy/Libérate de la Esclavitud Digital

"La conectividad es un derecho humano - Mark Zuckerberg, fundador de Facebook"

Manteniendo las redes sociales bajo control
Mark Zuckerberg, Jack Dorsey, Kevin Systrom, Mike Krieger, Evan Spiegel y muchos más crearon las redes sociales para conectar a la gente. Gracias a Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram y muchos otros, personas de diferentes estados, países y continentes pueden informarse de las últimas noticias e interactuar con personas que comparten los mismos intereses. Pero expertos como Neil Postman, Sherry Turkle y Nicholas Carr advierten sobre los peligros que conlleva esta nueva tecnología.

¿Cómo puede usted tomar el control del tiempo que dedica a las redes sociales?

Siga estos pasos importantes para poder utilizar las redes sociales sin ser esclavo de ellas. Empiece con sus dispositivos e invite a sus amigos y familiares a unirse.

¡Juntos podemos cambiar el sistema!

 1. Apague las notificaciones  El color rojo llama más la atención porque es el color más destacado. Por eso, controle su tiempo apagando las notificaciones.

 Recupere el control

Vaya a Configuración > Notificaciones > Apagado

 2. Elimine aplicaciones tóxicas

Elimine aplicaciones que se lucran a través de la adicción, la distracción, las divisiones y la información falsa para atraer a los usuarios.

 Recupere el control

 * Elimine Facebook → Puede enviar mensajes a sus amigos con Signal
 * Elimine TikTok → Envíe mensajes de video directamente o usa MarcoPolo
 * Elimine Snapchat → Sea creativo en sus mensajes de texto
 * Elimine Instagram → Retoque sus fotos usando VSCO

3. Descargue herramientas que realmente lo ayudarán

No podemos solucionar los problemas causados por la tecnología con más tecnología. Pero, hay herramientas que pueden minimizar el problema.

 Recupere el control

 * Elimine la luz azul y duerma mejor → Flux
 * Controle el tiempo de pantalla y cultive buenos hábitos → iOS Android
 * Reduzca distracciones → News Feed Eradactor
 * Ayudese a concentrarse en sus metas → Flipd
 * Bloquee distracciones → Freedom
 * Reduzca el estrés y la ansiedad → Insight Timer

 4. Elimine contenido que le provoca ira

Al hacer clic, dio su voto. No apoye a sitios que solo contaminan nuestro entorno digital con "clickbaits" que provocan enojo.

 Recupere el control

 * Deje de seguir a los usuarios que buscan resolver problemas con violencia → Use iUnfollow para limpiar su lista de seguidos. Empiece de nuevo y, esta vez, escuche las opiniones a las que desea exponerse intencionalmente.
 * Deje de seguir los grupos de Facebook donde reina la ira → Revise sus Grupos > Ajustes > Siguiendo
 * Evite los canales de noticias conocidos por crear divisiones tal como MSNBC y FOXNews

 5. Esté dispuesto a escuchar diferentes opiniones

Las redes sociales se utilizan generalmente para conectar a personas que comparten la misma perspectiva, lo que limita la posibilidad de interactuar con alguien que piensa diferente. Exponerse a diferentes puntos de vista.

 Recupere el control

Lea sitios de noticias que tienen un enfoque muy diferente al suyo→ Allsides cubre sucesos mundiales de una manera imparcial y sigue el modelo híbrido de ingresos para evitar prejuicios

 6. Sea amable

La ira y el enojo generan muchas ganancias en las redes sociales porque generan más participación entre los usuarios. ¿Por qué no vencer el mal con la bondad?

 Recupere el control

 * Deténgase y piense por un momento. Recuerde que detrás de cada pantalla hay una persona con sentimientos, así que no se apresure a insultar públicamente a un usuario que opine muy diferente a usted.
 * Sea compasivo. Con un sincero interés, puede enviarle un mensaje en privado preguntándole por qué se siente así y esforzarse por entenderlo.

 7. Póngase límites  Desde que no nos levantamos por la mañana hasta que nos vamos a dormir, siempre tenemos nuestro celular con nosotros, incluso lo llevamos al baño.

 Recupere el control

 * Desconéctese por un rato en la mañana y tarde. Propongase un tiempo en concreto en pasarla sin tecnología
 * Coma sin distracciones. En familia, pueden jugar al "primero que agarra su teléfono, lava los trastes."

 * Establezca una estación para cargar los celulares. Antes de dormir, todos pueden dejar sus celulares en la estación, asegúrese de que esté lejos de las habitaciones.
 * Compre una alarma. Empiece su día sin tener los ojos pegados a la pantalla.

 8. Desconéctese un día a la semana

Desconectarse en línea le dará más tiempo para conectarse consigo mismo y con sus seres queridos. Esta acción resultará en que usted reducirá su tiempo en las redes en un 15%. Puede que la compañía pierda alguna ganancia, pero usted saldrá ganado y se sentirá mucho mejor.

Recupere el control

Escoja un día y avísele a su familia y amigos de sus planes. Incluso puede invitarlos a que lo acompañen.

 9. Concéntrese en lo positivo

¿Por qué nos mortificamos por un comentario negativo cuando tenemos 99 comentarios positivos? Por supervivencia, nuestro cerebro usualmente se enfoca en lo negativo, incluso cuando estamos desconectados digitalmente.

Recupere el control

Tome una foto de los mensajes positivos que ha recibido y guárdelo en una carpeta en su celular. Lo demás se puede borrar. La tecnología ha distorsionado nuestro cerebro para ver la corrección como algo negativo, pero podemos luchar contra esos pensamientos negativos si nos centramos en lo positivo.

 10. Apoye a sus periodistas locales

No deje que su periodista local se sienta obligado a jugar con el "clickbait" como lo hacen las redes sociales. Apóyelos directamente al pagar una membresía. Así, usted seguirá siendo el cliente en vez del producto. La democracia y la publicidad de buena calidad van de la mano.

 Recupere el control

 * Busque su periódico local y apóyelos → USPNL Directory
 * Sea miembro de plataformas que proveen información de buena calidad.


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats

This book is a guide to Warrior Cats, a British book series by a group of people editing under the name "Erin Hunter".

 * 1) Books
 * 2) Characters
 * 3) Locations
 * 4) Clan Terminology
 * 5) Authors & Contributors

title: Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats


text:
Perspectives in Digital Literacy/The Futility of Personal Data Security

The advent of the World Wide Web and the subsequent technology that built off of its eventual widespread availability in the twenty-first century, served to connect people from one end of the world to the next. And while no one can disparage the tremendous benefits the internet has brought, the other side of that gleaming technological coin should also be carefully considered. As limitless as the internet seems, the issues it brings to rise are as well. One of the most insidious issues that has come to rise alongside the progression of the internet is the sheer amount of information that people willingly, and often obligatorily provide about themselves.

Since the scandal of Facebook’s involvement with Cambridge Analytica in the 2016 election, companies selling personal information to third party apps and data harvesters have come into the awareness of the general public. However, the increased awareness of data tracking does not mean that the average person, specifically the average American, understands the extent of their data being tracked, and where this data may be going. Moreover, 2017 studies from the Pew Research Center have shown that a large percentage of Americans are unsure or misinformed about many topics on proper cybersecurity. Oftentimes, lack of awareness also comes from assumptions that basic security practices will prevent sites from collecting an individual’s data, or that a site only has the data that people have consciously entered, such as an individual’s username, password, date of birth, etc. that is often the basic sign-up procedure for most sites on the internet.

However, this is barely the tip of what sites, especially the larger social media sites such as Facebook and its affiliates Instagram and WhatsApp collect, and this is often revealed by bad-faith data breaches and the information those behind the breaches gain from site’s databases. Observing some of the largest data breaches, such as the Yahoo and Cambridge Analytica breaches lays out how often these breaches are out of the hands of the individual. Adding to the fact that Statista has reported an increase in the number of data breaches yearly, reform at a national level on what individual data can be collected in the U.S., like the General Data Protection Regulation (or GDPR) in the European Union, becomes a clear necessity.

Instances of data breaches have been occurring for as long as data has been collected, but the advent of the internet and subsequent movement of most data into digital storage has only served to increase the number of data breaches per year, while the number of people impacted per data breach has exponentially risen. While data breaches from stolen files and leaked information from employees was not unheard of in the past, data collected and stored online is uniquely vulnerable to anyone with malicious intent and the knowledge of getting past security systems. Granted, it is not the easiest thing in the world to get past robust security systems in place to protect people’s information, but security has not stopped–or even slowed successful breaches, regardless of any security advent. As shown in data collected by Statista since 2005, the number of data compromises has increased tenfold, from 157 instances in 2005 impacting 66.9 million records, to peaking in 2021 at 1,862 compromises and 298.08 million records impacted. This erosion of privacy was inevitable in a landscape where personal information has become a commodity to sell to the highest bidder, often to gain insight into user bases to manipulate individual choices.

The most spotlighted instance of personal information being used to manipulate user opinions was the data breach by whistleblower Christopher Wylie, revealing Cambridge Analytica’s data harvesting methods of Facebook users and subsequent targeted posts to sway voters during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. As explained by Wylie in an interview regarding the purpose of Cambridge Analytica, “We exploited Facebook to harvest millions of people’s profiles. And built models to exploit what we knew about them and target their inner demons. That was the basis the entire company was built on."

This was a breakdown of privacy at an unprecedented level, and the bigger issue was how Facebook handled the data breach following the reveal of Cambridge Analytica’s harvesting of millions of users’ data. Facebook was exceedingly slow in ensuring the security of its user’s data following the breach, only issuing a letter ordering the harvested data to be deleted months after the fact, and doing little to nothing to ensure that the data was out of third-party hands. As data protection specialist and forefront investigator into Facebook’s involvement Paul-Olivier Dehaye explains, despite the evidence that Facebook was not doing its due diligence following the breach, “Facebook has denied and denied and denied this. It has misled MPs and congressional investigators…. It has a legal obligation to inform regulators and individuals about this data breach, and it hasn’t." Unfortunately, Facebook’s refusal to acknowledge the data breach for what it was, and subsequent lack of transparency regarding what happened to that data afterwards, is a common practice for companies to downplay their involvement and severity of a breach.

Currently, there is no federal standard of what is required of companies to disclose to the impacted persons of a data breach, and while most states have passed laws regarding transparency surrounding breaches, the requirements and charges for failure in compliance often vary. Troy Hunt, a cybersecurity expert, provided overviews of companies’ responses to data breaches while outlining what the best practices are when responding to a data breach, and where a companies’ moral responsibilities lie. From his comparisons, it becomes evident that while a few companies will respond promptly with transparency upon a data breach, it’s much more likely for a company to attempt to evade the issue until it has no choice but to address it.

In addition, companies will often attempt to obfuscate the importance of the data that was exposed, such as making statements assuring customers that no credit card or payment information tied to an account has been stolen, just e-mail addresses and similar, seemingly non-consequential information in comparison. However, the unencrypted information found through a data breach, especially a user’s personal information, is always connected to other aspects of a user’s online presence, and creates vulnerabilities in more than just the original breached site. In the experience of Megan Clifford, a victim of T-Mobile’s 2017 data breach,  hackers getting access to her phone number lead to their ability to access almost all of her accounts, as Alix Langone reported, “Now that someone had her phone number, they could get into her bank account and gain access the common apps she had on her phone, including Venmo and iTunes.” Aside from porting scams like the one Clifford faced, access to email lists often spawn targeted phishing scams, or can be sold to another party for further exploitation.

Without standardization on consequences of breaches, compensation and responsibility is often determined on a case-to-case basis, and the impacted users will rarely have legal recourse regarding stolen data, as the lower courts have struggled to define harm when it comes to data breaches. As Solove and Citron summarized in a thesis published in The Texas Law Review:"In the past two decades, plaintiffs in hundreds of cases have sought redress for data breaches caused by inadequate data security. In most instances, there is evidence that the defendants failed to use reasonable care in securing plaintiffs’ data. The majority of the cases, however, have not turned on whether the defendants were at fault. Instead, the cases have been bogged down with the issue of harm. No matter how derelict defendants might be with regard to security, no matter how much warning defendants have about prior hacks and breaches, if plaintiffs cannot show harm, they cannot succeed in their lawsuits (739)."The thesis further provides examples of cases in which plaintiffs have failed in their lawsuits, even with clear evidence of potential harm from the data disseminated by the breach, because the courts could not define the harm in a concrete manner (779). With the sheer amount of information that is being collected through usage of the internet on the individual, and the modern-day inaccessibility to existing without an online footprint in some way, the responsibility of bearing the burden of data breaches should not be left on the individual being affected. However, without regulation surrounding the data being collected and how this data is meant to be treated in the first place, the onus in the U.S. lands on the individual to handle.

Regulations in personal data privacy clearly need to be passed and fortunately, a functioning example to structure federal regulations already exists in the form of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a European Union regulation approved by the European Union in May of 2018. The goal of the GDPR is to put the power of personal data back into the hands of users to minimize the risk and more forward with transparency in the event a data breach was to occur. The GDPR has proven to be complex for companies to fall under compliance but essentially, it aims to allow users to request information on what data a site is collecting, and permanent erasure of data records if desired. The GDPR also has fines that may be levied to companies that fail to report data breaches within a timely and in a transparent manner, with delays incurring heavier fines the more time that passes since the initial notice of a breach.

Security expert Saryu Nayyar writes for the implementation of something akin to the GDPR in her Forbes article, “For simplicity’s sake, businesses want one unified and standard set of regulatory requirements to meet. This is precisely what the GDPR did, replacing numerous disparate regulations instituted by various EU member states.” As she points out in the article, states have begun to pass laws surrounding data breaches, but the lack of standardization creates a difficult environment for companies to be compliant, and loopholes for ones that are not looking to be. Users in the U.S. have seen the effects of the GDPR from companies that have had to change their privacy policies to comply with the GDPR, and federal regulations regarding data privacy exist for specific sets of data already, like the FTC’s regulations for breaches in medical records. With these systems already in place and functioning, unified regulation is less unimaginable.

Like any market, data collection needs to be regulated and have enforced rules in place to protect the consumers from bad business practices, whether intentionally malicious or otherwise. And while the necessity is becoming more of a forefront issue, there has yet to be any significant change on a federal level regarding data collection and response to data breaches. Until change is demanded enough, it is ultimately up to the individual in the U.S. to protect their own data and information accessible on the internet. Cybersecurity experts recommend using unique and strong passwords for every account created with two factor authentication enabled, and to manage those under a password manager. In addition, investing in a VPN to obscure internet activity and IP addresses from providers and affiliated companies is good practice, as is using internet browsers that do not profit from collecting user data. However, this is ultimately a band-aid on a larger issue of unnecessary and excessive data collection, which only something akin to the GDPR passing could even begin to address.


text:
Cookbook:Tea Leaves

Tea leaves, sometimes shortened to tea, are the processed leaves of Camellia sinensis. They are used to make the beverage tea.

Production
After harvest, the tea leaves undergo a withering process where they are allowed to wilt and soften—a small amount of oxidation takes place during this process. They are then rolled and broken up. The leaves are then spread in a cool, damp place and left to oxidize, which develops their flavor and color. Finally, the leaves are heated to halt oxidation, then fully dried and graded. The finished tea leaves may be blended or have additional flavorings/spices added.

Fully processed tea leaves and blends may be sold loose, pressed into cakes or bricks, or packaged into individual bags.

By processing
Not all teas go through the full production process, and they are classified based on the extent to which they do:

 * Green tea: Immediately dried; no withering or wilting
 * White tea: Slightly withered before drying
 * Oolong tea: Partially oxidized
 * Black tea: Fully oxidized, very strong

Flavored teas

 * Earl grey: Black tea flavored with bergamot
 * Jasmine: Tea flavored with jasmine blossoms
 * Chai: Black tea blended with a range of spices such as cinnamon, clove, pepper, and more

Other varieties

 * Matcha: specialized variety of green tea grown in the shade; fibers are removed, and leaves are ground to a very fine powder

Use
Tea leaves are primarily used to make brewed tea and other tea-derived beverages. They are also used to flavor many sweets and desserts, such as ice creams, cakes, confections, custards, and more.

title: Cookbook:Tea Leaves


text: User:Dosage-forms

title: User:Dosage-forms


text:
User:Kelti/sandbox/Test/TOC

Fast Navigation

title: User:Kelti/sandbox/Test/TOC


text:
User talk:67.141.247.163

Kids

title: User talk:67.141.247.163


text:
User talk:Bbellick

Welcome, Bbellick!

If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or possibly contact me personally.

--Xania   talk 01:22, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bbellick


text:
How to Make a Paper Airplane/Overview

Paper airplanes are pieces of paper made to glide through the air. Making a paper airplane is simple and easy. All you need is a piece of paper and a flat surface to make it on. To start off, all you have to do is take a piece of paper and fold it in half, next you fold the top corners of the paper toward the center, then you fold the corners down, then fold the top corners to the center of the page so that the corners are meet above the fold in the tip, next you fold the tip up, and then fold the entire plane in half so the tip is on the outside, after that you fold the wings down and there you have your paper airplane.

title: How to Make a Paper Airplane/Overview


text:
User:Lezelmaz

Helo, world!

title: User:Lezelmaz


text:
Basque/First Lesson

In Basque there are two irregular verbs, izan and egon, that both mean to be, although they are used very differently. The distinction is similar to that of the verbs "ser" and "estar" in Spanish and Portugues.

IZAN
To talk about lasting attributes or essential qualities, we use the verb izan: (*) Although the hi conjugations were more common in the past, zu have become more frequent in recent years. In some territories, such as Bizkaia, the conjugations of hi have practically disappeared from everyday speech, especially among the younger generations.

EGON
When we talk about condition or a state, we use the verb egon:

title: Basque/First Lesson


text:
Cookbook:Caramel Sauce II

To create the texture of caramel sauce, you need a 1:1 ratio of fat and liquid. In this recipe, heavy cream (40% fat) is used along with butter to create this ratio. If you want to substitute milk you will need to use less milk and more butter to keep the ratio. You can also substitute soy-milk and margarine to make a vegan caramel sauce, but make sure to keep the fat:liquid ratio.

You can easily halve this recipe if you wish. If it is sealed in clean canning jars, the sauce can be stored for 3 months without refrigeration. Or, store refrigerated for up to 6 months.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups water
 * 4 cups white granulated sugar
 * 2 Tbsp corn syrup (optional)
 * 1 pinch salt
 * 2 cups heavy whipping cream
 * ½ cup (1 stick) unsalted butter, chopped into 1-inch cubes

Procedure

 * 1) Dissolve the water, sugar and corn syrup in a saucepan over medium-high heat until fully dissolved.
 * 2) Stop stirring and let the solution boil over medium heat. Check on the solution every 5 minutes. You will see the bubbles slow down and get larger. When the bubbles begin to reach ½–¾ inch in size, start monitoring the solution carefully.
 * 3) When the solution begins to turn amber, get your cream and butter and watch it constantly.
 * 4) When the solution has turned a shade of caramel that you like (darker is deeper and will start to take on a little bitterness), step back and add the cream at arms length, stirring constantly and scraping the sides of the pan.
 * 5) Add the butter and stir until incorporated. Pour the sauce into a serving dish for immediate serving with bread, drizzled on ice cream, as a garnish or for use in other desserts.
 * 6) If you desire, follow standard canning procedures and distribute into canning jars. Allow to cool until the buttons are depressed. Any jars with buttons that are not depressed should be refrigerated and consumed first. To reheat the caramel sauce, microwave the jars (without covers) for 10–30 seconds depending how soft and hot you want it.

Variations
The following are all variations that can be made at different stages of the recipe above.

 * Caramel chews: Replace the cream with ¾ cup half-and-half. Pour the finished hot caramel mixture onto a silicone mat or parchment paper to cool. When it is cool enough to handle, fold and knead the caramel a few times, then break into bite size pieces. Allow to cool completely before wrapping individually.
 * Turtles: Replace the cream with ¾ cup half-and-half. Pour the finished hot caramel mixture over 4 cups of your favorite nut on a silicone mat or parchment paper to cool. When it is cool enough to handle, fold and knead the caramel until the nuts are fully distributed, then break into bite size pieces. Melt chocolate over a double boiler or in the microwave and dip the turtles or simply drizzle chocolate on top.
 * Toffee: Instead of cream, use 7 sticks of butter (a total of 8 sticks or 4 cups, so you have equal parts butter and sugar). Mix in chopped nuts if desired, and pour the finished hot caramel mixture onto a silicone mat, parchment paper, or molds. Once cool, drizzle or dip with chocolate and chopped nuts.
 * Nut brittle: Do not use any cream or butter. Stir ½ tsp baking soda into the caramel mixture, then pour the molten caramel over 4 cups of your favorite nuts on a silicone mat or parchment paper and let it cool. When it has reached room temperature, break it up with a mallet or by dropping the sheet on the counter. Wrap and store in an air-tight container.
 * Sugar art: You can do this at any point during the hard crack or caramel stages. Remove the sugar from the heat and allow to cool for one minute. Using a spoon, let the syrup drip off. If it drips in globs, let it cool longer. If it drips in a continuous stream, you can start making art. Drizzle the syrup in patterns over a silicone mat or parchment paper and allow to cool, then carefully peel off. Or, spray bowls and other (clean) objects with cooking spray and drizzle the syrup to create domes and other shapes. Allow to cool to room temperature, then serve soon or store in an air tight container. These will eventually soften and droop from humidity in the air.

Safety

 * Adding liquid to sugar that is over 300°F is dangerous! Some of the liquid will immediately flash to super-hot steam. To avoid steam burns, stay back from the pot and pour liquids at arms length. Use an oven mitt for your hand.
 * When you add your liquid to the hot sugar it will boil violently. To avoid messy and dangerous boil-overs, a 2.5 quart heavy bottomed sauce pan or pot is the minimum, but 3-4 quarts is recommended
 * Use a heat proof spatula or spoon such as wood or silicone.

title: Cookbook:Caramel Sauce II


text:
California Civil Procedure

California Civil Procedure is a a project to provide free resources to those who are attempting to navigate California’s complicated legal system.

This book will largely focus on the practice of law in California and will differ from a casebook seen in law schools. Instead this book will attempt to serve as a treatise.

Outline

 * 1) Pre-Lawsuit
 * 2) The Parties
 * 3) Jurisdiction
 * 4) Preclusion
 * 5) Arbitration
 * 6) Venue
 * 7) Service of Process
 * 8) Case Management
 * 9) Pleadings
 * 10) Defaults
 * 11) Discovery
 * 12) Law and Motion
 * 13) Pre-Trial Considerations
 * 14) Evidence
 * 15) Witnesses
 * 16) Jury Trials
 * 17) Non-Jury Trials
 * 18) Post-Trial Motions
 * 19) Judgments
 * 20) Settlement
 * 21) Dismissals

title: California Civil Procedure


text: User:Kelti/sandbox/Test/Print version

title: User:Kelti/sandbox/Test/Print version


text:
Minecraft/Shulker Box

Shulker boxes can be very useful when you need to store lots of items. They can store 27 slots worth of items, which it retains when broken.

Use
Shulker boxes can store 27 slots worth of items, and it keeps those items inside it, even if it is destroyed.

They can be put into another chest, your inventory, a barrel, or an ender chest (good idea). However, you cannot put a shulker box inside another shulker box.

You can dye shulker boxes by crafting their dye. While doing so shouldn't empty their inventory, be careful, since this has happened in the past.

title: Minecraft/Shulker Box


text: Category:Caramel recipes

title: Category:Caramel recipes


text:
Christian Hymns/The Lord Will Come and Not Be Slow

Text

 * Author: John Milton
 * Source:

Music
Hymn Tune(s):

Lyrics
|


text:
Christian Hymns/Lord Christ, When First Thou Cam'st To Earth

Text

 * Author: Walter Russell Bowie
 * Source:

Music
Hymn Tune(s):

Lyrics
|


text:
Christian Hymns/Watchman, Tell Us of the Night

Text

 * Author: John Bowring
 * Source:

Music
Hymn Tune(s):

Lyrics
|


text: Category:Cannabis recipes

title: Category:Cannabis recipes


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Nc6/3. Bc4

I don't understand
MFH (discuss • contribs) 17:24, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) why doesn't 5.Qb3 has a "?" and instead this variant has "=/+" at the end, although main continuation (?) 6.Qd1 Bg7 should rather be " −/+ " (?!)
 * 2) why there are variations here that  aren't even in the more specific /4. Qf3 and /4. Qf3/4...Nf6 ?


text:
User:Garfieldcat1978

Lasaga How was this name not taken?

title: User:Garfieldcat1978


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Characters

Due to the large amount of characters, the characters are broken up by Clan.

Thunderstar
Thunderstar is the first leader of ThunderClan.

Pinestar
Pinestar was leader of ThunderClan before Sunstar. He left the Clan to be a kittypet.

Sunstar
Sunstar was leader of ThunderClan after Pinestar and before Bluestar. He only got 8 lives because Pinestar kept his last.

Bluestar
Bluestar was leader of ThunderClan before Firestar. She died by drowning in the river to save the Clan from a pack of dogs. She had 3 kits,Mistystar,Stonefur, and Mosskit.

Firestar
Firestar was leader of ThunderClan after Bluestar and before Bramblestar. He died saving the Clans from the Dark Forest.

Bramblestar
Bramblestar was leader of ThunderClan after Firestar and before Squirrelstar. He retired as an elder shortly after The Imposter left his body.

Riverstar
Riverstar was the first leader of RiverClan.

Darkstar
Darkstar was leader when Mapleshade was driven out of ThunderClan. She refused to let Mapleshade stay in RiverClan causing all the Crookedstar drama.

Crookedstar
Crookedstar was leader of RiverClan before Leopardstar. He died of greencough.

Leopardstar
Leopardstar was leader of RiverClan before Mistystar and after Crookedstar. She died of diabetes.

Mistystar
Mistystar was leader of RiverClan after Leopardstar. She died of old age in "River". Bluestar of ThunderClan is her mother.

Windstar
Windstar is the first leader of WindClan.

Heatherstar
Heatherstar was leader of WindClan before Tallstar. She died of greencough.

Tallstar
Tallstar was leader of WindClan after Heatherstar. He died of old age.

Onestar
Onestar was leader of WindClan afther Tallstar. He died drowning in the lake saving the Clans from Darktail.

Harestar
Harestar is the current leader of WindClan. He is still alive as of the newest release.

Shadowstar
Shadowstar is the first leader of ShadowClan.

Cedarstar
Cedarstar was the leader of ShadowClan before Raggedstar. He died of a heart attack.

Raggedstar
Raggedstar was the leader of ShadowClan before Brokenstar and after Cedarstar. He got killed by Brokenstar.

Brokenstar
Brokenstar was the leader of ShadowClan before Nightstar and after Raggedstar. He got driven out of his clan, blinded by Yellowfang, and then taken prisoner by ThunderClan, where he died to deathberries given by Yellowfang.

Yellowfang
Yellowfang is Brokenstar's mother.

Nightstar
Nightstar was the leader of ShadowClan before Tigerstar and after Brokenstar. He didn't get 9 lives because Brokenstar was still alive. He died of sickness from eating rats.

Tigerstar
Tigerstar was the leader of ShadowClan before Blackstar and after Nightstar. He died because Scourge killed him, taking away all of his lives.

Blackstar
Blackstar was the leader of ShadowClan after Tigerstar and before Rowanstar. He died in a flood.

Rowanstar
Rowanstar was the leader of ShadowClan after Blackstar and before Tigerstar II. He died saving kits from Darktail's Kin.

Tigerstar II
Tigerstar II is the current leader of ShadowClan. He is still alive.

Skystar
Skystar is the first leader of SkyClan.

Cloudstar
Cloudstar was leader of SkyClan when it was kicked out of the forest territories.

Leafstar
Leafstar is the current leader of SkyClan. She is still alive.

Smudge
Smudge is a kittypet.

Barley
Barley is a loner that lives in a barn. He is still alive.

Scourge
Scourge was the leader of BloodClan. He was killed by Firestar.

Bone
Bone was the deputy of BloodClan. He was killed by a swarm of apprentices.


text:
User talk:Svartava

Pali

 * I guess I might not have much content to add to that page. For now, I have marked it for deletion. Svartava (discuss • contribs) 07:42, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Svartava


text:
User:Garfieldcat1978/EditCounterOptIn.js

this is a test


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Locations

ThunderClan Camp
ThunderClan camp is located in a ravine.

Moonstone
The Moonstone is the place where the leaders get their 9 lives from StarClan, and the medicine cats meet there every half-moon. It was discovered by Moth Flight.

Fourtrees
Fourtrees is the place where, every full moon, the Clans would gather. It was destroyed by Twolegs in "Dawn".

The river
The river is where RiverClan and ThunderClan get water.

Sunningrocks
Sunningrocks are rocks that RiverClan and ThunderClan, famously, fought over a lot.

Moonpool
The Moonpool is a pool off of ThunderClan territory. It was discovered by Leafpool.

Island
The Island is where Gatherings are held.


text:
Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Books

The Warrior Cats series is divided into 8 story arcs with 6 books each, some Super Editions, and some novellas.

The Prophecies Begin

 * 1) Into The Wild
 * 2) Fire And Ice
 * 3) Forest Of Secrets
 * 4) Rising Storm
 * 5) A Dangerous Path
 * 6) The Darkest Hour

The New Prophecy

 * 1) Midnight
 * 2) Moonrise
 * 3) Dawn
 * 4) Starlight
 * 5) Twilight
 * 6) Sunset

Power Of Three

 * 1) The Sight (2003)
 * 2) Dark River (2007)
 * 3) Outcast (2008)
 * 4) Eclipse (2008)
 * 5) Long Shadows (2008)
 * 6) Sunrise (2009)

The Broken Code

 * 1) Lost Stars

2. The Silent Thaw

3. Veil of Shadows

4. Darkness Within

5. The Place of No Stars

6. A Light in The Mist

A Starless Clan
1. River

2. Sky

3. Shadow

4. Thunder

5. Wind

6. Star

title: Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats/Books


text: Category:Book:Kittypet's Guide To Warrior Cats


text:
User:Rianne raine

kumkumka yali, kum… tambe!

it means "we shall fly" it came from the story Maaaring Lumipad ang Tao by Virginia Hamilton which was translated to Filipino by Roderic P. Urgelles.

title: User:Rianne raine


text:
Talk:Scrabble

Tvo kids
Tvo kids 97.114.132.38 (discuss) 21:23, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scrabble


text:
Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008

Afghanistan, 2008 — the twelfth personal exhibition of Russian photographer Viktor Pinchuk, held at the Crimean Ethnographic Museum from 6 to 28 February 2023.

Backstory
A two-month expedition, the route of which included seven Asian countries, was planned by the author of photo exhibition in order to collect material.

Getting into Afghanistan was carried out from Termez to Hairatan along the Friendship Bridge.

Upon arrival, it turned out that not all provinces of Afghanistan are accessible to a foreigner. The reason is the limited ability of government forces to ensure law and order in the country and, as a result, the presence of territories controlled by gangs. As a result, managed to visit only the northern regions, while not avoiding minor problems: before boarding a minibus heading towards Bamyan (replete with picturesque views for landscape photography), had to change into a Pashtun costume, as the drivers flatly refused to provide transport services to a to a visiting European for fear of meeting with terrorists who involved in hostage-taking for ransom.

Quote
''The solo expedition, whose main púrpose was to visit Afghanistan, ended successfully: stay in country, rated as the most dangerous and undesirable for tourism, went off without a major incidents; a short "rest" in Kabul prison served as the event around which unwinds plot of the book "Afghan prisoner", becoming one of adventures, without which our life would have turned into a dull execution of duties. But, main important, material for the photo exhibition was prepared in accórdance with the idea, safely delivered to the homeland, and presented in the museum exhibition hall.''

Short description
Exhibition works can be divided into the following groups: landscape, portrait, genre, street, narrative photography. Most of the works are stylistically united by the theme of straight (pure) photography, and images of people in traditional clothes belong to the ethnographic genre.

Wikisourse

 * Viktor Pinchuk "One day in Afghan prison"

Wikinews
Viktor Pinchuk presents exhibition Afghanistan, 2008 in Simferopol, Crimea

authors: Виктор Пинчук


text:
User talk:Garfieldcat1978

Welcome
Welcome to Wikibooks, Garfieldcat1978!

 First steps tutorial Wikibooks is for collaborative development of free textbooks.

You do not need technical skills to contribute. You can easily change most books. Please introduce yourself, and let us know what interests you.

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our Wikimedia Orientation should quickly get you started.

  Getting help
 * Read the Using Wikibooks book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our help pages for more information.
 * You can get friendly help from the community in the user assistance room or our IRC channel.
 * Upload freely licensed files to Wikimedia Commons. You may request permission to upload fair use files locally. Please include author and source information and a non-free use rationale for non-free files.

  Made a mistake?
 * You can restore a previously saved version.
 * Pages should follow the  naming convention.
 * Need to rename a page? Use the move tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for help).
 * To request a page be deleted, add to the top of the page.
 * Was a page you made deleted? Please read the deletion policy, and check the deletion log to find out why. Also check the RFD archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at WB:RFU, or ask the administrator who deleted the page.

  Goodies, tips and tricks
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 * Sign your name on discussion pages by typing ~~~~
 * User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the Gadgets tab of my preferences; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit save!

(Would you like to provide feedback on this message?) And yes, a book about a book series about cats does belong in shelf:cats. I like cats too, btw :) 12:26, 19 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, it would, if shelf:cats existed ;) 12:30, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

Thanks for finding a bug in my bot!
Hi, I would like to inform that thanks to you, I fixed a bug in the AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Basically the way it decided weather the list should be updated or not is by checking how many users are listed, and comparing this number to the number of users that should be in the list. When you added one user from Minecraft Resource Gathering to the blacklist, and then added the book yourself, you created a situation where the number of authors stayed the same but the list should be updated. I have fixed this, and just thought I ought to thank you. -Slava Ukrajini Heroyam Slava (discuss • contribs) 23:23, 28 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Garfieldcat1978


text: Category:Book:Anglican Liturgies

title: Category:Book:Anglican Liturgies


text:
OpenGL Programming/3D/Why OpenGL

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a powerful and widely used graphics rendering API that is used by developers to create high-performance, interactive 3D graphics applications. There are many reasons why OpenGL is a popular choice for 3D programming:

 * 1) Cross-platform compatibility: OpenGL is available on a wide range of platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and mobile platforms like iOS and Android. This makes it an attractive choice for developers who want to write applications that can run on multiple platforms.
 * 2) High-performance: OpenGL is designed to take advantage of hardware acceleration, which allows it to render graphics much faster than software-based rendering. This makes it ideal for creating complex 3D scenes that require real-time rendering.
 * 3) Flexibility: OpenGL is a low-level API that provides developers with a great deal of control over the graphics pipeline. This allows developers to create custom shaders and other advanced techniques to achieve specific visual effects.
 * 4) Wide community support: OpenGL has a large and active community of developers, which means that there are many resources available to help developers learn and use the API. This includes documentation, tutorials, and open-source libraries and tools.

Overall, OpenGL is a versatile and powerful tool for creating high-performance, interactive 3D graphics applications. Whether you're building a video game, a scientific visualization tool, or a virtual reality experience, OpenGL provides the flexibility and performance you need to bring your vision to life.

title: OpenGL Programming/3D/Why OpenGL


text:
OpenGL Programming/Advanced/Optimization

'''Optimizing OpenGL code is an important step in achieving high-performance graphics rendering. Here are some tips for optimizing OpenGL code:'''

 * 1) Minimize state changes: One of the most important optimizations is to minimize the number of state changes that occur during rendering. This includes things like changing the current texture, switching between shaders, or modifying blending settings. By minimizing state changes, you can reduce the overhead associated with these operations and improve overall rendering performance.
 * 2) Batch draw calls: Another optimization technique is to batch draw calls together. This involves grouping objects or primitives that share similar rendering characteristics, such as shader programs or textures. By batching draw calls, you can reduce the overhead associated with setting up and tearing down OpenGL state.
 * 3) Use vertex buffer objects: Vertex buffer objects (VBOs) are a way to store vertex data on the graphics card's memory. This can improve performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be transferred between the CPU and GPU. By using VBOs, you can reduce the overhead associated with sending data to the GPU and improve rendering performance.
 * 4) Use frustum culling: Frustum culling is a technique for optimizing rendering by only drawing objects that are within the camera's view frustum. This can improve performance by reducing the number of objects that need to be drawn.
 * 5) Use mipmapping: Mipmapping is a technique for creating lower-resolution versions of textures that are used when the texture is viewed at a distance. By using mipmapping, you can improve rendering performance by reducing the amount of texture data that needs to be loaded and processed.

These are just a few tips for optimizing OpenGL code. Ultimately, the key to achieving high-performance graphics rendering is to carefully analyze your code and identify areas where performance can be improved. By using profiling tools and monitoring performance metrics, you can identify bottlenecks and implement optimizations that will improve the speed and efficiency of your OpenGL code.


text:
OpenGL Programming/Advanced/Shadows

'''Drawing shadows in OpenGL can be a challenging task, but there are several techniques that can be used to achieve convincing results. Here are a few common techniques for drawing shadows in OpenGL:'''

 * 1) Shadow mapping: Shadow mapping is a popular technique for rendering shadows in real-time 3D graphics. It involves rendering the scene from the perspective of the light source and storing the depth values in a texture. The texture is then used to determine whether a pixel is in shadow or not when the scene is rendered from the camera's perspective.
 * 2) Shadow volumes: Shadow volumes are another technique for rendering shadows that works by creating a volume that surrounds an object and intersects with other objects in the scene. This volume is then used to determine whether a pixel is in shadow or not.
 * 3) Shadow masks: Shadow masks are a technique for rendering soft shadows in OpenGL. They work by rendering a black and white mask that represents the shape of the shadow, and then using this mask to modulate the brightness of the objects in the scene.
 * 4) Projected textures: Projected textures can be used to simulate the appearance of shadows by projecting a texture that represents the shadow onto the objects in the scene. This technique can be used to create soft shadows or to simulate the appearance of shadows cast by objects that are not in the scene.

Each of these techniques has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the best approach will depend on the specific requirements of your project. By experimenting with these techniques and adapting them to your needs, you can create convincing and visually appealing shadows in your OpenGL applications.

Here's an example of how to implement shadow mapping in OpenGL using shaders and framebuffers:

First, set up the framebuffers and depth texture: Next, create the shadow map shader program: Then, render the scene from the light's perspective to the depth texture: Finally, render the scene from the camera's perspective, using the depth texture to determine whether a pixel is in shadow: This is just a basic example, and there are many ways to optimize and improve this code. However, it should give you an idea of how to implement shadow mapping in OpenGL using shaders and framebuffers.

title: OpenGL Programming/Advanced/Shadows


text:
OpenGL Programming/Intermediate/Materials

In OpenGL, materials can be defined using lighting parameters that affect the way a surface appears when lit. The lighting parameters include the ambient, diffuse, specular and emission components, which define how the material responds to different types of light.

Here's an example of how to set up a simple material in OpenGL using C++: In OpenGL, materials can be defined using lighting parameters that affect the way a surface appears when lit. The lighting parameters include the ambient, diffuse, specular and emission components, which define how the material responds to different types of light.

Here's an example of how to set up a simple material in OpenGL using C++:

In this example,,  ,  ,  , and   are all material properties that can be set for a surface.

The  function is used to set each of the material components, which are specified as an array of four floats. The first three components specify the RGB values of the material, and the fourth component specifies the alpha value.

Finally, the  function is used to set the shininess of the material, which affects the size and brightness of the specular highlight.

Once the material properties have been set, you can render your geometry using lighting. You'll need to set up lighting sources and enable lighting in your OpenGL context, as well as set the position and direction of your light sources.

Here's an example of how to set up lighting and render your geometry with the material properties you've defined: In this example, `GL_LIGHT0` is used to define the first light source, and its ambient, diffuse, and specular components are set using `glLightfv`. The `glEnable` function is used to enable lighting and enable the light source.

To render your geometry with the material properties you've defined, you'll need to specify the normal for each face of your geometry using the `glNormal3f` function, and then define each vertex of your geometry using `glVertex3f`. When you render your geometry, OpenGL will use the lighting parameters you've defined to shade your geometry based on the position and direction of your light sources.

This is just a basic example of how to use materials in OpenGL using C++. There are many more material parameters you can set, as well as more advanced lighting techniques you can use to create realistic lighting effects.


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OpenGL Programming/Intermediate/Mipmaps

Mipmaps are precomputed, optimized versions of a texture at different levels of detail. They are used in OpenGL to improve performance and reduce aliasing artefacts when rendering textures at different distances or scales. Mipmaps work by creating a series of successively smaller versions of a texture, with each level of detail being half the size of the previous level. This allows for faster rendering of textures at smaller sizes, as well as reducing the amount of aliasing or shimmering that can occur when textures are rendered at different scales or distances.

To use mipmaps in OpenGL, you can create a texture object using the  function and then load your texture data into the texture using. Once your texture has been loaded, you can generate mipmaps for the texture using. This will create the series of smaller versions of the texture at different levels of detail.

Here's an example of how to use mipmaps in OpenGL: In this example, the  function is used to generate mipmaps for the texture after it has been loaded. The texture filtering options are then set using, with   being used for the   option. This tells OpenGL to use trilinear filtering, which blends between mipmaps for smoother texture rendering at different distances.

Using mipmaps can provide several benefits, including reducing the amount of texture memory required, improving rendering performance, and reducing aliasing artefacts when rendering textures at different scales or distances. However, mipmapping may not be necessary for all textures, and it can add some additional overhead to texture loading and rendering.

title: OpenGL Programming/Intermediate/Mipmaps