office_contested turkish general election
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch ( the government ) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature ( the parliament ). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics . Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the ___MASK31___ , with the head of government holding real power , much like constitutional monarchies . Some have combined the roles of ___MASK31___ and head of government , much like presidential systems , but with a dependency upon parliamentary power . The ___MASK53___ ( Turkish : " Babakan ") is the head of government of Turkey . The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament ( Meclis ) and the leader of the cabinet . The current holder of the position is Binali Yldrm of the Justice and Development Party ( AKP ), who took office on 24 May 2016 . Halil Turgut Özal ( 13 October 192717 April 1993 ) was the 8th ___MASK33___ from 1989 to 1993 . He previously served as the 26th ___MASK53___ from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party . He was the Deputy ___MASK53___ in the military government of Bülend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982 . Necmettin Erbakan ( 29 October 1926  27 February 2011 ) was a Turkish politician , engineer , and academic who was the ___MASK53___ from 1996 to 1997 . He was pressured by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution . The ___MASK67___ of the Republic of Turkey is the ___MASK31___ of the Republic of Turkey . The Presidency is largely a ceremonial office but has some important functions . In this capacity , the ___MASK67___ represents the Republic of Turkey , and the unity of the Turkish nation , as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Turkey and the organized and harmonious functioning of the organs of state . The articles from 101 to 106 of the Constitution establish all the requirements , election , duties , and responsibilities for the office of the ___MASK67___ . The office of the ___MASK67___ of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29 , 1923 . The ___MASK67___ of Turkey is often informally referred to as the Cumhurbakan , meaning ' ___MASK67___ of the People '. The current office - holder is the 12th ___MASK67___ , Recep Tayyip Erdoan since August 28 , 2014 . Sami Süleyman Gündodu Demirel ( 1 November 1924  17 June 2015 ) was a Turkish politician and statesman who served as the 9th ___MASK33___ from 1993 to 2000 . He previously served as the ___MASK53___ seven times between the years 1965 and 1993 . He was the leader of the Justice Party ( AP ) from 1964 to 1980 and the leader of the True Path Party ( DYP ) from 1987 to 1993 . The Constitutional Court of Turkey is the highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey . It " examines the constitutionality , in respect of both form and substance , of laws , decrees having the force of law , and the Rules of Procedure of the Turkish Grand National Assembly " ( Article 148 of the Turkish Constitution ). If necessary , it also functions as the Supreme Criminal Court to hear any cases raised about the ___MASK67___ of the Republic , members of the Council of Ministers , or presidents and members of the high courts . General elections were held in Turkey on 20 October 1991 , to elect members to the 19th Grand National Assembly . It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader , Turgut Özal , who had become Turkish ___MASK67___ two years previously . The result was a swing against Özal ' s former party in favour of its fierce centre - right rival , the True Path Party led by Süleyman Demirel . The vote saw two additional parties cross the 10 percent barrier to enter parliament . Necmettin Erbakan and his Welfare Party saw a party of religious background returned for the first time in 14 years . Welfare had a greatly increased share of the vote and took several key provinces , including Istanbul in 1994 local elections . Bülent Ecevit ' s Democratic Left Party also scraped through to win seven seats . Voter turnout was 83 . 9 % . Mustafa Bülent Ecevit ( 28 May 1925  5 November 2006 ) was a Turkish politician , poet , writer , scholar , and journalist , who served as the ___MASK53___ four times between 1974 and 2002 . He served as ___MASK53___ in 1974 , 1977 , 1978  79 , and 1999  2002 . He was the leader of the Republican People ' s Party ( CHP ) between 1972 and 1980 , and in 1989 he became the leader of the Democratic Left Party ( DSP ). Turkey , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Turkey is bordered by eight countries : Greece to the west ; Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; and Iraq and Syria to the south . The Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . Turkey ' s location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history .