has_part field artillery
___MASK58___ is the general branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot . As the troops who engage with the enemy in close - ranged combat , ___MASK58___ units bear the largest brunt of warfare and typically suffer the greatest number of casualties during ___MASK44___ military campaign . Historically , as the oldest branch of the combat arms , the ___MASK58___ are the tip of the spear of ___MASK44___ modern army , and continually undergo training that is typically more physically demanding and psychologically stressful than that of any other branch of the combat arms . Common representations of ___MASK58___ fighting forces include the U . ___MASK1___ . Army ___MASK58___ Branch , U . ___MASK1___ . Marine Corps ___MASK58___ , Royal Canadian ___MASK58___ Corps , ___MASK58___ of the British Army , and the Royal Australian Corps of ___MASK58___ . Self - propelled ___MASK4___ ( also called mobile ___MASK4___ or locomotive ___MASK4___ ) is ___MASK4___ equipped with its own propulsion system to move towards its target . Within the term are covered self - propelled guns ( or howitzers ) and rocket ___MASK4___ . They are high mobility vehicles , usually based on continuous tracks carrying either a large howitzer , ___MASK50___ , a mortar or some form of rocket or missile launcher . They are usually used for long - range indirect bombardment support on the battlefield . ___MASK44___ siege is ___MASK44___ military blockade of ___MASK44___ city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault . This derives from " sedere ", Latin for " to sit ". Siege warfare is ___MASK44___ form of constant , low - intensity conflict characterized by one party holding ___MASK44___ strong , static defensive position . Consequently , an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is not uncommon , as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy . ___MASK64___ ___MASK4___ is a category of mobile ___MASK4___ used to support armies in the field . These weapons are specialized for mobility , tactical proficiency , long range , short range and extremely long range target engagement . Until the early 20th century , field ___MASK4___ were also known as foot ___MASK4___ , for while the guns were pulled by beasts of burden ( often horses ) , the gun crews would usually march on foot , thus providing fire support mainly to the infantry . This was in contrast to horse ___MASK4___ , whose emphasis on speed while supporting cavalry units necessitated lighter guns and crews riding on horseback . Whereas horse ___MASK4___ has been superseded by self - propelled ___MASK4___ , field ___MASK4___ has survived to this day both in name and mission , albeit with motor vehicles towing the guns , carrying the crews and transporting the ammunition . Modern ___MASK4___ has also advanced to rapidly deployable wheeled and tracked vehicles and precision delivered munitions capable of striking targets at ranges between 15 and 300 kilometers . Fortifications are military constructions or buildings designed for the defense of territories in warfare , and also used to solidify rule in ___MASK44___ region during peace ___MASK5___ . Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years , in ___MASK44___ variety of increasingly complex designs . The term is derived from the Latin " fortis " (" strong ") and " facere " (" to make "). In international arms control , small arms include revolvers and pistols , rifles and carbines , assault rifles , submachine guns and ___MASK9___ machine guns . Together with ___MASK9___ weapons ( heavy machine guns ; hand - held grenade launchers ; portable anti - aircraft and anti - tank guns ; recoilless rifles ; portable launchers of anti - aircraft and anti - tank missile systems ; and mortars of calibres of less than 100 mm ), they comprise the Small Arms and ___MASK9___ Weapons ( SALW ) protocol . ___MASK44___ siege engine is ___MASK44___ device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare . Some have been operated close to the fortifications , while others have been used to attack from ___MASK44___ distance . From antiquity , siege engines were constructed largely of wood and tended to use mechanical advantage to fling stones and similar missiles . With the development of gunpowder and improved metallurgical techniques , siege engines became ___MASK4___ . Collectively , siege engines or ___MASK4___ together with the necessary troops and transport vehicles to conduct ___MASK44___ siege are referred to as ___MASK44___ siege - train . ___MASK4___ is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry ' s small arms . Early ___MASK4___ development focused on the ability to breach fortifications , and led to heavy , fairly immobile siege engines . As technology improved , lighter , more mobile field ___MASK4___ developed for battlefield use . This development continues today ; modern self - propelled ___MASK4___ vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility providing the largest share of an army ' s total firepower .