occupation fritz hartjenstein
The National ___MASK41___ German Workers ' Party ( abbreviated NSDAP ), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party , was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism . Its precursor , the German Workers ' Party (" Deutsche Arbeiterpartei "; DAP ), existed from 1919 to 1920 . Sturmbannführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank equivalent to ___MASK92___ that was used in several Nazi organizations , such as the SA , SS , and the NSFK . Translated as " assault ( or storm ) unit ___MASK50___ " ( Sturmbann being the SA and early SS equivalent to a battalion ), the rank originated from German shock troop units of the First World War . An insignia ( Latin : " nsignia ", nominative plural of " insignium ", " emblem , token , symbol "), plural insignias , is a symbol or token of personal power , status or office , or of an ___MASK64___ body of government or jurisdiction . An insignia is usually the emblem of a specific or general authority . Totenkopf ( i . e . " skull ", literally " dead ' s head ") is the German word for the skull and crossbones and death ' s head symbols . The " Totenkopf " symbol is an old international symbol for death , the defiance of death , danger , or the dead , as well as ___MASK24___ . It consists usually of the human skull with or without the mandible and often includes two crossed long - bones ( femurs ), most often depicted with the crossbones being " behind " some part of the skull . Friedrich `` Fritz '' Hartjenstein ( 3 July 1905 -- 20 October 1954 ) was an SS - Obersturmbannführer ( ___MASK35___ ___MASK65___ ) in the SS - Totenkopfverbände . He worked at various Nazi concentration camps such as Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen . After the Second World War , he was tried for war crimes and found guilty for murder and crimes against humanity . A paramilitary is a semi - militarized force whose organizational structure , tactics , training , subculture , and ( often ) function are similar to those of a professional ___MASK74___ , but which is not included as part of a state ' s formal armed forces . A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the law of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility . Examples of war crimes include intentionally killing civilians or prisoners , torture , destroying civilian property , taking hostages , perfidy , rape , using child soldiers , pillaging , declaring that no quarter will be given , and using weapons that cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering . Obersturmbannführer was a paramilitary Nazi Party rank used by both the SA and the SS . It was created in May 1933 to fill the need for an additional rank above " Sturmbannführer " as the SA expanded . It became an SS rank at the same time . Translated as " senior assault ( or storm ) unit ___MASK50___ ", " Obersturmbannführer " was junior to " Standartenführer " and was the equivalent to " Oberstleutnant " ( ___MASK35___ ___MASK65___ ) in the German Army . The insignia for " Obersturmbannführer " was four silver pips and a stripe , centered on the left collar of an SS / SA uniform . The rank also displayed the shoulder boards of a Wehrmacht " Oberstleutnant " and was the highest SS / SA rank to display unit insignia on the opposite collar . Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps ( KZ or KL ) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War . The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became ___MASK79___ and his Nazi Party was given control over the police through Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring . Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers , the camps initially held around 45 , 000 prisoners . The Wehrmacht ( lit . " defence force ") was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946 . It consisted of the " Heer " ( ___MASK99___ ), the " Kriegsmarine " ( navy ) and the " Luftwaffe " ( air force ). The designation " Wehrmacht " for Nazi Germany ' s military replaced the previously used term , " Reichswehr " ( 1919  35 ), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany ' s efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted . Torture ( from the Latin " tortus ", " twisted ") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain on an organism in order to fulfill some desire of the ___MASK45___ or compel some action from the victim . Torture , by definition , is a knowing and intentional act ; deeds which unknowingly or negligently inflict pain without a specific intent to do so are not typically considered torture . Oberstleutnant is a German ___MASK99___ and German Air Force rank equal to Lieutenant ___MASK65___ , above Major , and below Oberst . SS - Totenkopfverbände ( SS - TV ), rendered in English as Death ' s Head Units , was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps for the Third Reich , among similar duties . While the " Totenkopf " ( skull ) was the universal cap badge of the SS , the SS - TV also wore the Death ' s Head insignia on the right collar when needed ; to distinguish itself from other Nazi " Schutzstaffel " ( SS ) formations .