place_of_birth bhagat singh
Guru Gobind Singh , born Gobind Rai ( 22 December 1666  7 October 1708 ), was the 10th Sikh Guru , a spiritual master , ___MASK86___ , poet and philosopher . When his father , Guru Tegh Bahadur , was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam , Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader ___MASK28___ the Sikhs at age nine , becoming the last ___MASK28___ the living Sikh Gurus . His four sons died during his lifetime in Mughal - Sikh wars  two in ___MASK70___ , two executed by the Mughal army . ___MASK82___ ( Dilli )       , officially the National Capital Territory ___MASK28___ ___MASK82___ , is a city and a union territory ___MASK28___ ___MASK9___ . It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east . It is the most expansive city in ___MASK9___  about . It has a population ___MASK28___ about 25 million , making it the second most populous city after Mumbai and most populous urban agglomeration in ___MASK9___ and 3 largest urban area in the world . Urban expansion in ___MASK82___ has caused it to grow beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states . At its largest extent , there is a population ___MASK28___ about 25 million residents . According to data released by Oxford Economics , ___MASK82___ NCR urban agglomeration has replaced Mumbai Metropolitan Region urban agglomeration as the economic capital ___MASK28___ ___MASK9___ . However the comparison ___MASK28___ the figures specific to the ___MASK37___ ___MASK28___ ___MASK82___ and ___MASK37___ ___MASK28___ Mumbai was not provided by this institution . These figures however did not match with those revealed by the reserve bank ___MASK28___ ___MASK9___ , The economic survey ___MASK28___ ___MASK9___ , The economic survey ___MASK28___ ___MASK82___ and ___MASK36___ . The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co - operation . A replacement for the ineffective League ___MASK28___ Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters ___MASK28___ the United Nations is in ___MASK72___ , ___MASK87___ City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and ___MASK83___ . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases ___MASK28___ famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . The Sikh Rehat Maryada ( Punjabi ( Gurmukhi ):          , " Sikkh Rahit Maryd ") ( alternate transcription Sikh Reht Maryada ) is a code ___MASK28___ conduct and conventions for Sikhism , approved by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee , ___MASK47___ in 1945 . Sikhism , or Sikhi ("", , from " Sikh ", meaning a " disciple ", or a " learner "), is a panentheistic religion that originated in the ___MASK20___ of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century . It is one of the youngest of the major world religions . The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism , articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator , unity of all humankind , engaging in selfless service , striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all , and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder ' s life . Sikhism has 25 - 28 million adherents worldwide and is the ninth - largest religion in the world . Guru Nanak ( Punjabi : Gurmukhi        , Punjabi : Shahmukhi , , Urdu : , " Gur Nnak ") ( 15 April 1469  22 September 1539 ) was the founder ___MASK28___ Sikhism and the first ___MASK28___ the ten Sikh Gurus . His birth is celebrated world - wide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Kartik Pooranmashi , the full - moon day in the month ___MASK28___ Katak , October  November . The British ___MASK76___ ( from " rj ", literally , " rule " in Hindustani ) was the rule of the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947 . The rule is also called Crown rule in India , or direct rule in India . The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage , and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom , which were collectively called British India , and those ruled by indigenous rulers , but under British tutelage or paramountcy , and called the princely states . The resulting political union was also called the Indian Empire and after 1876 issued passports under that name . As India , it was a of the League of Nations , a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900 , 1920 , 1928 , 1932 , and 1936 , and a founding member of the United Nations in San ___MASK56___ in 1945 . The East ___MASK9___ Company ( EIC ), also known as the Honourable East ___MASK9___ Company ( HEIC ) or the British East ___MASK9___ Company and informally as John Company , was an English and later British joint - stock company , which was formed to pursue trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing ___MASK99___ . Guru Granth Sahib ( Punjabi ( Gurmukhi ):                 (" Gur Gra ° th Shib J "), ) is the ___MASK50___ religious scripture ___MASK28___ Sikhism , regarded by Sikhs as the final , sovereign and eternal living Guru following the lineage ___MASK28___ the ten human Gurus ___MASK28___ the religion . The " Adi Granth ," the first rendition , was compiled by the fifth Sikh Guru , Guru Arjan ( 1563  1606 ). Guru Gobind Singh , the tenth Sikh Guru , did not add any ___MASK28___ his own hymns ; however , he added all 115 ___MASK28___ Guru Tegh Bahadur ' s hymns to the " Adi Granth ", and affirmed the text as his successor . This second rendition became known as " Guru Granth Sahib ". After Guru Gobind Singh died , Baba Deep Singh and Bhai Mani Singh prepared many copies ___MASK28___ the work for distribution . The League ___MASK28___ Nations ( abbreviated as LN in English , " La Société des Nations " abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French ) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result ___MASK28___ the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War . It was the first international organisation whose principal ___MASK16___ was to maintain world peace . Its primary goals , as stated in its Covenant , included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration . Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions , just treatment ___MASK28___ native inhabitants , human and drug trafficking , the arms trade , global health , prisoners ___MASK28___ war , and protection ___MASK28___ minorities in Europe . At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935 , it had 58 members . The Kakori Conspiracy ( or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case ) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and , near ___MASK7___ , on 9 August 1925 during the Indian ___MASK26___ Movement against the British Indian Government . The robbery was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association ( HRA ). The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the HRA , which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association . This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire in ___MASK9___ with the objective of achieving independence . Since the organisation needed money for purchase of weaponry , Bismil and his party decided to plunder a train on one of the Northern Railway lines . The robbery plan was executed by Ram Prasad Bismil , Ashfaqulla Khan , Rajendra Lahiri , Chandrashekhar Azad , Sachindra Bakshi , Keshab Chakravarty , Manmathnath Gupta , Murari Lal Khanna ( fake name of Murari Lal Gupta ), Mukundi Lal ( Mukundi Lal Gupta ) and Banwari Lal . One passenger was killed by an accidental shot . Robbery . On 9 August 1925 , the Number 8 Down Train travelling from Shahjahanpur to ___MASK7___ was approaching the town of Kakori ( now in Uttar Pradesh ), when one of the revolutionaries pulled the chain to stop the train and overpowered the guard . It is believed that they looted that specific train because train was supposed to carry the money - bags belonging to the British Government Treasury in the guard ' s cabin . One passenger was killed by an accidental shot , making it a murder case . They looted only these bags containing some 8 , 000 Rupees and escaped to ___MASK7___ while not a single Indian was looted , because the targets of the ___MASK16___ were : The Indian ___MASK26___ movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East ___MASK9___ Company rule ( 1757  1858 ) and the British Indian Empire ( 1858  1947 ) in the Indian subcontinent . The movement spanned a total of 190 years ( 1757 - 1947 ). Sanskrit ( English pronunciation :; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', " refined speech ") is the primary sacred language ___MASK28___ Hinduism and " Mahyna " Buddhism , a philosophical language in Hinduism , Jainism , Buddhism and Sikhism . It was also a literary language that was in use as a " lingua ___MASK62___ " in ancient and medieval South Asia . It is a standardised dialect ___MASK28___ Old Indo - Aryan , originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto - Indo - Iranian and Proto - Indo - European . Today it is listed as one ___MASK28___ the 22 scheduled languages ___MASK28___ ___MASK9___ and is an official language ___MASK28___ the state ___MASK28___ Uttarakhand . As one ___MASK28___ the oldest Indo - European languages for which substantial written documentation exists , Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo - European studies . Bhagat Singh ( IPA : ( p  t  s   ) 1907 -- 23 ___MASK73___ 1931 ) was an Indian revolutionary socialist who was influential in the Indian ___MASK26___ movement . Born into a Punjabi Sikh family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British ___MASK76___ , he studied European revolutionary movements as a teenager and was attracted to anarchist and Marxist ideologies . He worked with several revolutionary organisations and became prominent in the Hindustan Republican Association ( HRA ) , which changed its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association ( HSRA ) in 1928 . Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai , Singh assassinated John Saunders , a British police officer . He eluded efforts by the police to capture him . Soon after , he and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly , and offered themselves for arrest . Held in jail on a charge of murder , he gained widespread national support when he undertook a 116 - day hunger strike demanding equal rights for European prisoners , and those Indians imprisoned for what he believed were political reasons . During this period , sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case after trial by Special Tribunal , and an appeal to the Privy Council in England . He was convicted and hanged for his participation in the assassination , at the age of 23 . His legacy prompted youth in India to continue fighting for ___MASK26___ and he remains an influence on some young people in modern India , as well as the inspiration for several films . He is commemorated with a range of memorials including a large bronze statue in the Parliament of India . The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent , also called Indian continent , is a ___MASK93___ ___MASK28___ Asia , mostly situated on the Indian ___MASK85___ and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas . Geologically , the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian ___MASK85___ nearly 55 million years ago . Geographically , it is the peninsular region in south - central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north , the Hindu Kush in the west , and the Arakanese in the east . Politically , the Indian subcontinent usually includes ___MASK19___ , Bhutan , ___MASK9___ , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka . The United ___MASK44___ and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe ___MASK40___ of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Sukhdev Thapar ( 15 May 1907  23 ___MASK73___ 1931 ) was an Indian revolutionary . He was a senior member ___MASK28___ Hindustan Socialist Republican Association . He was hanged on 23 ___MASK73___ 1931 at the age ___MASK28___ 23 . ___MASK15___ Socialist Republican Association ( HSRA ) was a revolutionary organisation , also known as ___MASK15___ Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in ___MASK45___ by Chandrasekhar Azad , Bhagat Singh , Sukhdev Thapar and others . Previously it was known as ___MASK15___ Republican Association ( HRA ) whose written constitution and published manifesto titled " The Revolutionary " were produced as evidence in the Kakori conspiracy case of 1925 . ___MASK45___ is the capital of ___MASK9___ and one of Delhi city ' s 11 districts . ___MASK9___ , officially the ___MASK40___ of ___MASK9___ (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; ___MASK99___ , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , ___MASK9___ is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . ___MASK9___ ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . A Sikh (' ) is a follower ___MASK28___ Sikhism , a monotheistic religion which originated during the 15th century in the ___MASK20___ ___MASK28___ Northwestern Indian subcontinent . The term " Sikh " has its origin in the Sanskrit words      ('; disciple , student ) or      (""; instruction ). A Sikh , according to Article I ___MASK28___ the " Sikh Rehat Maryada " ( the Sikh code ___MASK28___ conduct ), is " any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being ; ten Gurus , from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh ; Guru Granth Sahib ; the teachings ___MASK28___ the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru ". Singh is a title , middle name or surname , which originated in ___MASK9___ . Derived from the Sanskrit word for lion , it was adopted as a title by certain warrior castes in ___MASK9___ . It was later adopted by several castes and communities , including the Sikhs , and was mandated by Guru Gobind Singh for all Sikhs . As a surname or a middle name , it is now found throughout the Indian subcontinent and among the Indian diaspora , cutting across communities and religious groups , becoming more of a title than a surname .