country halmahera sea
The Southern Ocean , also known as the ___MASK51___ Ocean or the Austral Ocean , comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean , generally taken to be south of 60 ° S latitude and encircling ___MASK67___ . As such , it is regarded as the fourth - largest of the five principal oceanic divisions : smaller than the Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean . This ocean zone is where cold , northward flowing waters from the ___MASK51___ mix with warmer subantarctic waters . The ___MASK51___ ( US English , UK English or and or ) is a polar region , specifically the region around the Earth ' s South Pole , opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole . The ___MASK51___ comprises in the strict sense the continent of ___MASK67___ and the island territories located on the ___MASK51___ Plate . In a broader sense the ___MASK51___ region include the ice shelves , waters , and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the ___MASK51___ Convergence , a zone approximately wide varying in latitude seasonally . The region covers some 20 % of the Southern Hemisphere , of which 5 . 5 % ( 14 million km ) is the surface area of the ___MASK51___ continent itself . All of the land and ice shelves south of 60 ° S latitude are administrated under the ___MASK51___ Treaty System . In a biogeographic sense , the ___MASK51___ ecozone is one of eight ecozones of the Earth ' s land surface . ___MASK67___ ( US English , UK English or ) is Earth ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , ___MASK67___ is nearly twice the size of Australia . About 98 % of ___MASK67___ is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Batanta is one of the four major islands in the Raja Ampat Islands in West Papua province , ___MASK41___ . Its area is 453 km² and its highest point is 1184 m . The Pitt Strait separates it from Salawati , while the Dampier Strait separates it from Waigeo . Halmahera , formerly known as Jilolo , Gilolo , or Jailolo , is the largest island in the Maluku Islands . It is part of the North Maluku province of ___MASK41___ and Sofifi , the capital of the province , is located on the west coast of the island . North Maluku is a province of ___MASK41___ . It covers the northern part of the Maluku Islands . The provincial capital is Sofifi , on Halmahera , and the largest population center is the island of Ternate . A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land . More broadly , " the sea " is the interconnected system of Earth ' s salty , oceanic waters  considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions . The sea moderates Earth ' s climate and has important roles in the water cycle , ___MASK73___ cycle , and nitrogen cycle . Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory , the modern scientific study of the sea  oceanography  dates broadly to the British " Challenger " expedition of the 1870s . The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections  including the International Hydrographic Organization ' s four named oceans ( the Atlantic , Pacific , Indian , and Arctic ) and the Southern Ocean ; smaller , second - order sections , such as the Mediterranean , are known as " seas ". ___MASK88___ , officially the Commonwealth of ___MASK88___ , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world ' s sixth - largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are ___MASK22___ , ___MASK41___ and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north - east ; and New Zealand to the south - east . ___MASK88___ ' s capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago within ___MASK41___ . Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone . Geographically they are located east of Sulawesi , west of New Guinea , and north and east of Timor . The islands were also the historical core of the Spice Islands known to the Chinese and Europeans , but this term usually included other adjacent areas such as Sulawesi . The name was due to the nutmeg , mace and cloves that were originally exclusively found there , and the presence of these sparked colonial interest from Europe in the 16th century . The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth ' s oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean ( or , depending on definition , to ___MASK67___ ) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east . Waigeo is an island in West Papua province of eastern ___MASK41___ . The island is also known as Amberi , or Waigiu . It is the largest of the four main islands in the Raja Ampat Islands archipelago , between Halmahera and about to the north - west coast of New Guinea . The Dampier Strait ( a . k . a . Augusta ' s Strait ) separates it from Batanta , and the Bougainville Strait from the Kawe Islands to its north - west . The " inner sea " that nearly cleaves the island in two is the Majoli Gulf . The Americas , also collectively called America , encompass the totality of the continents of North America and South America . Together they make up most of Earth ' s western hemisphere and comprise the " New ___MASK6___ ". Earth , otherwise known as the ___MASK6___ , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets . The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the ___MASK6___ ' s five major oceans . The International Hydrographic Organization ( IHO ) recognizes it as an ocean , although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea , classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the ___MASK25___ . Alternatively , the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all - encompassing World Ocean . The ___MASK73___ cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which ___MASK73___ is exchanged among the biosphere , pedosphere , geosphere , hydrosphere , and atmosphere of the Earth . Along with the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle , the ___MASK73___ cycle comprises a sequence of events that are key to make the Earth capable of sustaining life ; it describes the movement of ___MASK73___ as it is recycled and reused throughout the biosphere , including ___MASK73___ sinks . Oceanography ( compound of the Greek words  meaning " ocean " and  meaning " write "), also known as oceanology , is the study of the physical and the biological aspects of the ocean . It is an Earth science covering a wide range of topics , including ecosystem dynamics ; ocean currents , waves , and geophysical fluid dynamics ; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor ; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries . These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the ___MASK6___ ocean and understanding of processes within : astronomy , biology , chemistry , climatology , geography , geology , hydrology , meteorology and physics . Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past . Halmahera Sea is a regional sea located in the central eastern part of the Australasian Mediterranean Sea . It is centered at about 1 ° S and 129 ° E and is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the north , Halmahera to the west , Waigeo and Irian Jaya to the east , and the Seram Sea to the south . It covers about 95 , 000 km and its topography comprises a number of separate basins and ridges , the chief of which is the Halmahera Basin reaching a depth of 2039 m . New ___MASK3___ ( or , historically , "") is a large Island in the South West Pacific region . Red is the color at the longer - wavelengths end of the spectrum of visible light next to ___MASK31___ , at the opposite end from violet . Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620  740 nanometers . Light with a longer wavelength than red but shorter than terahertz radiation and microwave is called infrared . The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth . The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean , adjacent seas , and parts of Alaska ( ___MASK43___ ), ___MASK58___ , Finland , Greenland ( Denmark ), Iceland , Norway , Russia , and Sweden . Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover , with predominantly treeless permafrost - containing tundra . Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places . An island or isle is any piece of sub - continental land that is surrounded by water . Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets , skerries , cays or keys . An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait , and a small island off the coast may be called a holm . A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago , e . g . the ___MASK91___ . Located off the northwest tip of Bird ' s Head Peninsula on the island of New ___MASK3___ , in ___MASK41___ ' s West Papua province , Raja Ampat , or the " Four Kings ", is an archipelago comprising over 1 , 500 small islands , cays , and shoals surrounding the four main islands of Misool , Salawati , Batanta , and Waigeo , and the smaller island of Kofiau . The Raja Ampat archipelago is the part of Coral Triangle which contains the richest marine biodiversity on earth . ___MASK41___ ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic of ___MASK41___ , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , ___MASK41___ is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . An ocean ( the sea of classical antiquity ) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet ' s hydrosphere . On Earth , an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the ___MASK6___ Ocean , which covers almost 71 % of its surface . These are , in descending order by area , the Pacific , Atlantic , Indian , Southern ( ___MASK51___ ), and Arctic Oceans . The word " sea " is often used interchangeably with " ocean " in American English but , strictly speaking , a sea is a body of saline water ( generally a division of the world ocean ) partly or fully enclosed by land .