parent_taxon dzhulfitidae
The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 46 . 7 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago ( ___MASK80___ ), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 252 . 2 ___MASK80___ . It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era ; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era . The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison , who named it after the city of Perm . The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50 . 9 million years from the end of the Permian Period million years ago ( ___MASK80___ ), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period ___MASK80___ . The Triassic is the first period of the Mesozoic Era . Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events . The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich von Alberti , after the three distinct rock layers (" tri " meaning " three ") that are found throughout Germany and northwestern Europe  red beds , capped by marine limestone , followed by a series of terrestrial mud - and sandstones  called the " Trias ". The Jurassic ( from Jura Mountains ) is a geologic period and system that spans 56 . 3 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago ( ___MASK80___ ) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period ___MASK80___ . The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era , also known as the Age of Reptiles . The start of the period is marked by the major Triassic  Jurassic extinction event . Two other extinction events occurred during the period : the Pliensbachian / Toarcian event in the Early Jurassic , and the Tithonian event at the end ; however , neither event ranks among the " Big Five " mass extinctions . Dzhulfitidae is a small extinct family of Upper Permian and Lower Triassic ammonoids from Asia , included in the ceratitid ___MASK38___ and containing only three genera : Abachites , Dzhulfites , and Paratirolites . Dzhulfitidae was named by Shevyrev in 1965 to contain Dzhulfites and Abachites also named by him at that time . Paratirolites was removed from its previous position in the Ceratitaceae . Species of dzhulfitid genera have been found in Upper Permian and / or Lower Triassic sediments in Armenia , Azerbaijan , Iran , Afghanistan , Thailand , and Japan . ___MASK56___ is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian , the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammonites . Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an ___MASK27___ of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . Germany ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . The ___MASK38___ is a superfamily within the ammonoid order ___MASK56___ . The ___MASK38___ , named by Frech in 1902 , presently contains ten families , only one of which was included in the original Otocerataceae of Hyatt , 1900 , the remaining having been added . The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( ___MASK80___ ), to the beginning of the Permian Period , ___MASK80___ . The name " Carboniferous " means " coal - bearing " and derives from the Latin words " carb " (" coal ") and " fer " (" I bear , I carry "), and was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822 . Based on a study of the British rock succession , it was the first of the modern ' system ' names to be employed , and reflects the fact that many coal beds were formed globally during that time . The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods , the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian .