conflict armen garo
The Greek genocide , part of which is known as the Pontic genocide , was the systematic genocide of the Christian Ottoman Greek population from its historic homeland in Anatolia during ___MASK47___ and its aftermath ( 1914  22 ). It was instigated by the government of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish national movement against the Greek population of the Empire and it included massacres , forced deportations involving death marches , summary expulsions , arbitrary execution , and the destruction of Christian Orthodox cultural , historical , and religious monuments . According to various sources , several hundred thousand Ottoman Greeks died during this period . Most of the refugees and survivors fled to Greece ( amounting to over a quarter of the prior population of Greece ). Some , especially those in Eastern provinces , took refuge in the neighbouring Russian Empire . Thus by the end of the 1919  22 Greco - Turkish War , most of the Greeks of Asia Minor had either fled or had been killed . Those remaining were transferred to Greece under the terms of the later 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey , which formalized the exodus and barred the return of the refugees . Other ethnic groups were similarly attacked by the Ottoman Empire during this period , including Assyrians and Armenians , and some scholars and organizations have recognized these events as part of the same genocidal policy . The Assyrian genocide ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo , (" Sword ") or ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First ___MASK99___ , in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides . Karekin Pastermadjian ( classical Armenian :   ) , better known by his nom de guerre Armen Garo (   ; 9 February 1872 -- 23 March 1923 ) was an Armenian nationalist activist and politician . A member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation , he was one of the masterminds of the 1896 occupation of the Ottoman Bank in response to the Hamidian massacres and Operation Nemesis , in which several perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide were assassinated . He served as the first ambassador to the United States from an independent Armenia . The Hamidian massacres , also referred to as the Armenian Massacres of 1894  1896 and Great Massacres , were massacres of Armenians of the Ottoman Empire in the mid - 1890s , with estimates of the dead ranging from 80 , 000 to 300 , 000 , resulting in 50 , 000 orphaned children . The massacres are named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II , who , in his efforts to reinforce the territorial integrity of the embattled Ottoman Empire , reasserted Pan - Islamism as a state ideology . Although the massacres were aimed mainly at the Armenians , they turned into indiscriminate anti - Christian pogroms in some cases , such as in Diyarbekir Vilayet , where some 25 , 000 Assyrians were killed ( see also Assyrian genocide ). Shahan Natalie ( July 14 , 1884  April 19 , 1983 ) was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and the principal organizer of Operation Nemesis , a campaign of revenge against officials of the former Ottoman Empire who instigated the Armenian Genocide during ___MASK47___ . He later became a writer on Armenian national philosophy , and notable for his essay , " The Turks and Us ." Operation Nemesis (" Nemesis gortsoghut ' iun ") was a covert operation and an assassination campaign by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( Dashnaktsutyun ) carried out between 1920 and 1922 , during which a number of former Ottoman political and military figures were assassinated for their role in the Armenian Genocide , as well as Azerbaijani figures for the 1918 massacre of Armenians in Baku . Shahan Natalie and Armen Garo are considered its masterminds . It was named after the Greek goddess of divine retribution , Nemesis . The Armenian Genocide (" Hayots tseghaspanutyun "), also known as the Armenian Holocaust , was the Ottoman government ' s systematic extermination of 1 . 5 million Armenians , mostly Ottoman citizens within the Ottoman Empire and its successor state , the Republic of Turkey . The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915 , the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up , arrested , and deported 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople to Ankara , the majority of whom were eventually murdered . The genocide was carried out during and after ___MASK47___ and implemented in two phases : the wholesale killing of the able - bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour , followed by the deportation of women , children , the elderly , and the infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert . Driven forward by military escorts , the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery , rape , and massacre . Other indigenous and Christian ethnic groups such as the Assyrians and the Ottoman Greeks were similarly targeted for extermination by the Ottoman government in the Assyrian genocide and the Greek genocide , and their treatment is considered by some historians to be part of the same genocidal policy . Most Armenian diaspora communities around the world came into being as a direct result of the genocide . ___MASK47___ ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First World War , or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved .