place_of_birth sylvie von ziegesar
Georg Friedrich Kersting ( 31 October 1785  1 July 1847 ) was a ___MASK78___ painter , best known for his Biedermeier - style interior paintings and his association with fellow artist Caspar David Friedrich . A cultural movement is a change in the way a number ___MASK54___ different disciplines approach their work . This embodies all art forms , the sciences , and philosophies . Historically , different nations or regions ___MASK54___ the world have gone through their own independent sequence ___MASK54___ movements in culture , but as world communications have accelerated this geographical distinction has become less distinct . When cultural movements go through revolutions from one to the next , genres tend to get attacked and mixed up , and often new genres are generated and old ones fade . These changes are often reactions against the prior cultural form , which typically has grown stale and repetitive . An obsession emerges among the mainstream with the new movement , and the old one falls into neglect - sometimes it dies out entirely , but often it chugs along favored in a few disciplines and occasionally making reappearances ( sometimes prefixed with " neo -"). ___MASK69___ is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia . Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar , it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500 , 000 inhabitants , while the city itself has a population of nearly 110 , 000 . ___MASK69___ is a centre of education and research ; the Friedrich Schiller University was founded in 1558 and has 21 , 000 students today and the Ernst - Abbe - Fachhochschule ___MASK69___ counts another 5 , 000 students . Furthermore , there are many institutes of the leading German research societies . Pauline Gotter ( 29 December 1786  31 December 1854 ) was the second wife ___MASK54___ Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling and a friend ___MASK54___ Louise Seidler and Sylvie von Ziegesar . Romanticism ( also the Romantic era or the Romantic period ) was an artistic , literary , musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end ___MASK54___ the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850 . Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification ___MASK54___ all the past and nature , preferring the medieval rather than the classical . It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution , the aristocratic social and political norms ___MASK54___ the Age ___MASK54___ Enlightenment , and the scientific rationalization ___MASK54___ nature . It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts , music , and literature , but had a major impact on historiography , education , and the natural sciences . It had a significant and complex effect on politics , and while for much ___MASK54___ the Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism , its long - term effect on the growth ___MASK54___ nationalism was perhaps more significant . Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency ___MASK54___ human beings , individually and collectively , and affirms their ability to improve their lives through the use ___MASK54___ reason and ingenuity as opposed to submitting blindly to tradition and authority or sinking into cruelty and brutality . The term was coined in 1808 by the early nineteenth century German educational reformer and theologian Friedrich Niethammer and gradually adopted into English . Niethammer had wished to introduce into German education the humane values ___MASK54___ ancient Greece and Rome . Niethhammer was a Lutheran theologian . Since the twentieth century , however , Anglophone humanist movements have usually been aligned with secularism , and today humanism typically refers to a non - theistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world . ___MASK88___ Classicism is a German literary and cultural movement , whose practitioners established a new humanism , from the synthesis ___MASK54___ ideas from Romanticism , Classicism , and the Age ___MASK54___ Enlightenment . ___MASK88___ is a city in the federal state ___MASK54___ Thuringia , Germany . It is located between Erfurt in the west and ___MASK69___ in the east , approximately southwest ___MASK54___ Leipzig , north ___MASK54___ Nuremberg and west ___MASK54___ Dresden . Together with the neighbour - cities Erfurt and ___MASK69___ it forms the central metropolitan area ___MASK54___ Thuringia with approximately 500 , 000 inhabitants , whereas the city itself counts a population ___MASK54___ 65 , 000 . ___MASK88___ is well known because ___MASK54___ its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history . Classicism , in the arts , refers generally to a high regard for a classical period , classical antiquity in the Western ___MASK21___ , as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate . The art ___MASK54___ classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained : ___MASK54___ the " Discobolus " Sir Kenneth Clark observed , " if we object to his restraint and compression we are simply objecting to the classicism ___MASK54___ classic art . A violent emphasis or a sudden acceleration ___MASK54___ rhythmic movement would have destroyed those qualities ___MASK54___ balance and completeness through which it retained until the present century its position ___MASK54___ authority in the restricted repertoire ___MASK54___ visual images ." Classicism , as Clark noted , implies a canon ___MASK54___ widely accepted ideal forms , whether in the Western canon that he was examining in " The Nude " ( 1956 ), or the literary Chinese classics or Chinese art , where the revival ___MASK54___ classic styles is also a recurring feature . The Enlightenment ( also known as the Age ___MASK54___ Enlightenment or the Age ___MASK54___ Reason ; in ; and in , ' Enlightenment ') was an intellectual movement which dominated the world ___MASK54___ ideas in Europe in the 18th century . The Enlightenment included a range ___MASK54___ ideas centered on reason as the primary source ___MASK54___ authority and legitimacy , and came to advance ideals like liberty , progress , tolerance , fraternity , constitutional government , and separation ___MASK54___ church and state . In France , the central doctrines ___MASK54___ "" were individual liberty and religious tolerance in opposition to an absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas ___MASK54___ the Roman Catholic Church . The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on the scientific method and reductionism along with increased questioning ___MASK54___ religious orthodoxy  an attitude captured by the phrase " Sapere aude ", " Dare to know ". Sylvie von Ziegesar ( 21 June 1785 - 13 February 1858 ) was a ___MASK78___ woman active in the intellectual circles ___MASK54___ Weimar Classicism . She was a friend ___MASK54___ the painter Louise Seidler and the intellectual Pauline Gotter the subject ___MASK54___ Goethe ' s poem `` To Sylvie von Ziegesar '' . Louise Seidler ( 15 May 1786 , ___MASK69___ - 7 October 1866 , Weimar ) was a German painter at the court of the grand dukes of Weimar , custodian of their art collection and a trusted friend of the poet Goethe and the painter Georg Friedrich Kersting .