parent_taxon stenotritidae
Bees are flying ___MASK97___ closely related to wasps and ants , known for their role in pollination and , in the case of the best - known bee species , the European honey bee , for producing honey and beeswax . Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily ___MASK52___ , presently considered as a clade Anthophila . There are nearly 20 , 000 known species of bees in seven to nine recognized families , though many are undescribed and the actual number is probably higher . They are found on every continent except Antarctica , in every habitat on the planet that contains insect - pollinated flowering plants . The superfamily ___MASK52___ is a major group within the Hymenoptera , which includes two traditionally recognized lineages , the " sphecoid " wasps , and the bees . Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from within the Crabronidae , so that grouping is paraphyletic . Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world ' s sixth - largest country by total ___MASK30___ . The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north - east ; and New Zealand to the south - east . Australia ' s capital is Canberra , and its largest urban ___MASK30___ is Sydney . Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of a ___MASK41___ , thereby enabling fertilization to take place . Like all living organisms , seed plants have a single major goal : to pass their genetic information on to the next generation . The reproductive unit is the seed , and pollination is an essential step in the production of seeds in all spermatophytes ( seed plants ). Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , Indonesia is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land ___MASK30___ and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land ___MASK30___ . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . Ants are eusocial ___MASK97___ of the family Formicidae and , along with the related wasps and bees , belong to the order Hymenoptera . Ants evolved from wasp - like ancestors in the Cretaceous period , about 99 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants . More than 12 , 500 of an estimated total of 22 , 000 species have been classified . They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node - like structure that forms their slender waists . A wasp is any insect of the order ___MASK61___ and suborder ___MASK28___ that is neither a bee nor an ant . The ___MASK28___ have a common evolutionary ancestor and form a clade ; wasps as a group do not form a clade , but are paraphyletic with respect to bees and ants . A ___MASK32___ ( or honeybee ) is any bee member of the genus Apis , primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial , colonial nests from wax . Currently , only seven species of ___MASK32___ are recognized , with a total of 44 subspecies , though historically , from six to eleven species have been recognized . The best known ___MASK32___ is the Western ___MASK32___ which has been domesticated for honey production and crop pollination . Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the roughly 20 , 000 known species of bees . Some other types of related bees produce and store honey , including the stingless honey bees , but only members of the genus " Apis " are true honey bees . The study of bees including honey bees is known as melittology . The Stenotritidae are the smallest of all formally recognized bee families , with only 21 species in two genera , all of them restricted to Australia . Historically , they were generally considered to belong in the family ___MASK36___ , but the stenotritids are presently considered their sister taxon , and deserving of family status . Of prime importance is the stenotritids have unmodified mouthparts , whereas colletids are separated from all other bees by having bilobed glossae . They are large , densely hairy , fast - flying bees , which make simple burrows in the ground and firm , ovoid provision masses in cells lined with a waterproof secretions . The larvae do not spin cocoons . Fossil brood cells of a stenotritid bee have been found in the Pleistocene of the Eyre Peninsula , South Australia . ___MASK97___ ( from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], " cut into sections ") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton , a three - part body ( head , ___MASK31___ and abdomen ), three pairs of jointed legs , compound eyes and one pair of antennae . They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet , including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms . The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million , and potentially represent over 90 % of the differing animal life forms on Earth . ___MASK97___ may be found in nearly all environments , although only a small number of species reside in the oceans , a habitat dominated by another arthropod group , crustaceans . New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country geographically comprises two main landmasses  that of the North Island , or Te Ika - a - Mui , and the South Island , or Te Waipounamu  and numerous smaller islands . New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island ___MASK44___ of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal and plant life . The country ' s varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand ' s capital city is Wellington , while its most populous city is Auckland . The ___MASK36___ are a family of bees , and are often referred to collectively as plasterer bees or polyester bees , due to the method of smoothing the walls of their nest cells with secretions applied with their mouthparts ; these secretions dry into a cellophane - like lining . The five subfamilies , 54 genera , and over 2000 species are all evidently solitary , though many nest in aggregations . Two of the subfamilies , Euryglossinae and Hylaeinae , lack the external pollen - carrying apparatus ( the scopa ) that otherwise characterizes most bees , and instead carry the pollen in their crops . These groups , and most genera in this family , have liquid or semiliquid pollen masses on which the larvae develop . Honey is a sugary food substance produced and stored by certain social hymenopteran ___MASK97___ . It is produced from the sugary secretions of plants or ___MASK97___ , such as floral nectar or aphid honeydew , through regurgitation , enzymatic activity , and water evaporation . The variety of honey produced by honey bees ( the genus " Apis ") is the most well - known , due to its worldwide commercial production and human consumption . Honey gets its sweetness from the monosaccharides fructose and glucose , and has about the same relative sweetness as granulated sugar . It has attractive chemical properties for baking and a distinctive flavor that leads some people to prefer it to sugar and other sweeteners . Most microorganisms do not grow in honey , so sealed honey does not spoil , even after thousands of years . However , honey sometimes contains dormant endospores of the bacterium " Clostridium botulinum ", which can be dangerous to babies , as it may result in botulism . People who have a weakened immune system should not eat honey because of the risk of bacterial or fungal infection . Although some evidence indicates honey may be effective in treating diseases and other medical conditions , such as wounds and burns , the overall evidence for its use in therapy is not conclusive . Providing 64 calories in a typical serving of one tablespoon ( 15 ml ) equivalent to 1272 kj per 100 g , honey has no significant nutritional value . Honey is generally safe , but may have various , potential adverse effects or interactions with excessive consumption , existing disease conditions , or drugs . Honey use and production have a long and varied history as an ancient activity , depicted in ___MASK5___ , Spain by a cave painting of humans foraging for honey at least 8 , 000 years ago . Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land ___MASK30___ of . The country ' s capital , Honiara , is located on the island of Guadalcanal . The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago , which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands ( part of Papua New Guinea ), but excludes outlying islands , such as Rennell and Bellona , and the Santa Cruz Islands . Tasmania ( abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as " Tassie ") is an island state of the Commonwealth of Australia . It is located to the south of the Australian mainland , separated by Bass Strait . The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania , the 26th - largest island in the world , and the surrounding 334 islands . The state has a population of around 518 , 500 , just over forty percent of which resides in the Greater Hobart precinct , which forms the metropolitan ___MASK30___ of the state capital and largest city , Hobart . The flowering plants ( ___MASK95___ ), also known as Angiospermae or ___MASK47___ , are the most diverse group of land plants , with 416 families , approx . 13 , 164 known genera and a total of c . 295 , 383 known species . Like gymnosperms , ___MASK95___ are seed - producing plants ; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers , endosperm within the seeds , and the production of fruits that contain the seeds . Etymologically , angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure , in other words , a fruiting plant . The term " angiosperm " comes from the Greek composite word (" angeion ", " case " or " casing ", and " sperma ", " seed ") meaning " enclosed seeds ", after the enclosed condition of the seeds .