continent artesonraju
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador ( which literally translates as " Republic of the Equator "), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern ___MASK97___ , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific , about west of the mainland . Chile , officially the Republic of Chile , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in ___MASK56___ . Chile also claims about of ___MASK87___ , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty . Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western ___MASK97___ . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth ' s oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean ( or , depending on definition , to ___MASK87___ ) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and ___MASK6___ in the east . The spectacled bear (" Tremarctos ornatus "), also known as the Andean bear or Andean short - faced bear and locally as " jukumari " ( Aymara ), " ukumari " ( Quechua ) or " ukuku ", is the last remaining short - faced bear ( subfamily Tremarctinae ). Its closest relatives are the extinct Florida spectacled bear , and the giant short - faced bears of the Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene age . Spectacled bears are the only surviving species of bear native to ___MASK97___ , and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae . The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss . ___MASK97___ is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of ___MASK6___ , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to ___MASK97___ instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a federal republic located on the northern coast of ___MASK97___ . It is bordered by Colombia on the west , Brazil on the south , Guyana on the east , and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north - east . Venezuela ' s territory covers around with an estimated population . Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity ( currently ranks 7th in the world ' s list of nations with the most number of species ), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain - forest in the south , via extensive " llanos " plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east . Huascarán is a mountain in the Peruvian province of Yungay ( Ancash Region ), situated in the Cordillera Blanca range of the western Andes . The highest southern summit of Huascarán ( Huascarán Sur ) is the highest point in Peru , the northern part of Andes ( north of Lake Titicaca ) and in all of the Earth ' s Tropics . Huascarán is the fourth highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere and ___MASK97___ after Aconcagua , Ojos del Salado , and Monte Pissis . The mountain was named after Huáscar , a 16th - century Inca emperor who was the Sapa Inca of the Inca empire . Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country located in western - central ___MASK97___ . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One - third of the country is the Andean mountain range , with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers , El Alto , located on the Altiplano . Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries ( the other is Paraguay ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in ___MASK6___ . Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in both ___MASK97___ and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in ___MASK6___ . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . The Amazon River ( or ; Spanish and ) in ___MASK97___ is the largest river by discharge of water in the world , and according to some experts , the longest in length . The headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century as the Amazon  s most distant source , until a 2014 study found it to be the Cordillera Rumi Cruz at the headwaters of the Mantaro River in Peru . The Mantaro and Apurímac confluence , and with other tributaries form the Ucayali River , which in turn confluences with the Marañón River upstream of Iquitos , Peru , to form what countries other than Brazil consider to be the main stem of the Amazon . Brazilians call this section the Solimões River above its confluence with the Rio Negro to form what Brazilians call the Amazon at the Meeting of Waters at Manaus , the river ' s largest city . Buddleja , or Buddleia ( also historically given as " Buddlea "), commonly known as the butterfly bush , is a genus comprising over 140 species of flowering plants endemic to ___MASK41___ , Africa , and ___MASK6___ . The generic name bestowed by Linnaeus posthumously honoured the Reverend Adam Buddle ( 1662  1715 ), an English botanist and rector , at the suggestion of Dr . William Houstoun . Houstoun sent the first plants to become known to science as buddleja (" B . americana ") to England from the Caribbean about 15 years after Buddle ' s death . Colombia ( or ), officially the Republic of Colombia , is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of ___MASK97___ , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty - two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca , the Quimbaya and the Tairona . The Amazon basin is the part of ___MASK97___ drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries . The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of the South American continent . It is located in the countries of Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Guyana , Peru , Suriname and Venezuela . The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world . They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of ___MASK97___ . This range is about long , about wide ( widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude ), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries : Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Argentina and Chile . The taruca (" Hippocamelus antisensis "), or north Andean deer , is a species of deer native to ___MASK97___ . Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is a federal republic in the southern half of ___MASK97___ . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth - largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish - speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty - three provinces ( singular " provincia ") and one autonomous city (" ciudad autónoma "), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Artesonraju , also referred to simply as `` Arteson '' , is a distinctly pyramidal mountain peak located in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range , a part of the Peruvian Andes , about 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) north of the town of Huaraz . It is one of many prominent peaks located within the boundaries of Peru ' s Huascarán National Park . Artesonraju is frequently climbed , especially during the dry season . It has been suggested that Artesonraju is the mountain depicted in the live - action Paramount Pictures logo , its summit ringed with 24 or 22 stars . Huascarán National Park is a Peruvian national park that comprises most of the mountain range known as Cordillera Blanca ( the world ' s highest tropical mountain range ) which is part of the central Andes , in the region of Ancash . The park covers an area of 340 . 000 ha ( ca . 3 . 400 km2 ) and is managed by the Peruvian Network of Protected Natural Areas : SERNANP ( Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas ). It was designated as a World Heritage Site in 1985 by UNESCO , is also a well - known mountaineering spot and harbors a unique biodiversity with plant species such as the Queen of the Andes , trees of the genera " Polylepis " and " Buddleja ", and animals such as spectacled bears , condors , vicunas and tarucas .