country_of_citizenship theodoor hendrik van de velde
___MASK1___ is a Scandinavian country in Europe . The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries , it is south - west of Sweden and south of Norway , and bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of ___MASK1___ is the sovereign state that comprises ___MASK1___ proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and ___MASK95___ . ___MASK1___ has a total area of , and a population of 5 . 7 million . The country consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . Locarno (; Ticinese : ; formerly in ) is a southern Swiss town and municipality in the district Locarno ( and its capital ), located on the northern shore of Lago Maggiore at its northeastern tip in the canton of Ticino at the southern foot of the Swiss Alps . It has a population of about 16 , 000 ( proper ), and about 56 , 000 for the agglomeration of the same name including Ascona besides other municipalities . The Randstad is a megalopolis in the central - western ___MASK41___ consisting primarily of the four largest Dutch cities ( Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ) and their surrounding areas . Among other things , it contains the Port of Rotterdam ( the largest seaport in Europe , and until 2004 also the world ' s busiest seaport ), and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( one of the largest European airports ). With a population of 7 , 100 , 000 it is one of the largest metropolitan regions in Europe , comparable in size to Milan or the San Francisco Bay Area , and covers an area of approximately 8 , 287 km² . It ' s also one of the most important and densely populated economic areas in northwestern Europe . Medicine ( ___MASK20___ English ; American English ) is the science and practice of the diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of disease . The word " medicine " is derived from Latin " medicus ", meaning " a physician ". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness . Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences , biomedical research , genetics , and medical technology to diagnose , treat , and prevent injury and disease , typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery , but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy , external splints and traction , medical devices , biologics , and ionizing radiation , amongst others . The ___MASK41___ is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the ___MASK41___ . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean . The European part of the ___MASK41___ borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The largest cities in the ___MASK41___ are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht . Amsterdam is the country ' s capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament . The name " Holland " is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the ___MASK41___ . Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan . Since the 1920s , Harlem has been known as a major African - ___MASK54___ residential , cultural and business center . Originally a Dutch village , formally organized in 1658 , it is named after the city of Haarlem in the ___MASK41___ . Harlem ' s history has been defined by a series of economic boom - and - bust cycles , with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle . Friesland ( official ) or Frisia is a province in the northwest of the ___MASK41___ . It is situated west of Groningen , northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel , north of Flevoland , northeast of North Holland , and south of the North Sea . In 2010 , the province had a population of 646 , 000 and a total area of . Düsseldorf ( Low Franconian , Ripuarian : " Düsseldörp " ) is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine - Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in ___MASK53___ . Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre , renowned for its fashion and trade fairs . The city is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies . Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows . ___MASK53___ , officially the Federal Republic of ___MASK53___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , ___MASK53___ is the most populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . ___MASK53___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include ___MASK3___ , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . The Alpine region of ___MASK33___ , conventionally referred to as the Swiss Alps (, ), represents a major natural feature of the country and is , along with the Swiss Plateau and the Swiss portion of the Jura Mountains , one of its three main physiographic regions . The Swiss Alps extend over both the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps , encompassing an area sometimes called " Central Alps ". While the northern ranges from the Bernese Alps to the Appenzell Alps are entirely in ___MASK33___ , the southern ranges from the Mont Blanc massif to the Bernina massif are shared with other countries such as ___MASK28___ , Italy , ___MASK45___ and Liechtenstein . The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union : ___MASK45___ , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , ___MASK96___ , Luxembourg , Malta , the ___MASK41___ , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the ___MASK41___ . Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the ___MASK41___ , although it is not the seat of the government , which is The Hague . Amsterdam has a population of 847 , 176 within the city proper , 1 , 343 , 647 in the urban area , and 2 , 431 , 000 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area . The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country . The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad , one of the larger conurbations in Europe , with a population of approximately 7 million . ___MASK25___ , officially the Kingdom of ___MASK25___ ( Swedish : ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders ___MASK51___ to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to ___MASK1___ in the southwest by a bridge - tunnel across the Öresund . At , ___MASK25___ is the third - largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10 . 0 million . ___MASK25___ consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country . Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas . A province is almost always an administrative division , within a country or state . The term derives from the ancient Roman " provincia ", which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the ___MASK69___ ' s territorial possessions outside ___MASK50___ . The term province has since been adopted by many countries , and in those with no actual provinces , it has come to mean " outside the capital city ". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers , others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities . Many have their own powers independent of federal authority , especially in ___MASK36___ . In other countries , like ___MASK32___ , provinces are the creation of central government , with very little autonomy . Munich ( also in ___MASK20___ English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria , on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps . Munich is the third largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and the 12th biggest city of the European Union , with a population of above 1 . 5 million . The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5 . 8 million people . Theodoor Hendrik van de Velde ( 12 February 1873 , Leeuwarden -- 27 April 1937 near Locarno in a plane crash ) was a Dutch physician and gynæcologist who served as Director at the Gynæcological Institute in Haarlem . His 1926 book Het volkomen huwelijk ( The Perfect Marriage ) made him an instant international celebrity . The book advocated knowledge and sensuality in erotic life . In ___MASK53___ Die vollkommene Ehe reached its 42nd printing in 1932 in spite of the fact that it was placed on the list of forbidden books , Index Librorum Prohibitorum by the Roman Catholic Church . In Protestant and social democratic Sweden , Det fulländade äktenskapet was widely known although regarded as pornographic and unsuitable for young readers long into the 1960s . The English translation , Ideal Marriage : Its Physiology and Technique was the best - known work on its subject for several decades , and was reprinted 46 times in the original edition , selling well over a half - million copies . He is credited with showing in 1905 that women only ovulate once per menstrual cycle . This contributed to the improvement of calendar - based methods of birth control , and later to the creation of other fertility awareness systems . Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine - Westphalia and the fourth - largest city in ___MASK53___ ( after Berlin , ___MASK3___ , and Munich ). It is located within the Rhine - Ruhr metropolitan region , one of the major European metropolitan regions and the largest in ___MASK53___ , with more than ten million inhabitants . Stuttgart ( Swabian : " Schduagert "), often nicknamed the "" Schwabenmetropole "" in reference to its location in the center of Swabia and the local dialect spoken by some natives , is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden - ___MASK66___ . It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley locally known as the " Stuttgarter Kessel " an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest . Stuttgart ' s name comes from the Old High German word "" Stuogarten "," or " stud farm "  a reference to the city ' s founding in 950 AD as a stud farm . Stuttgart  s urban area has a population of 623 , 738 , and a further making it the sixth largest city in Germany , 2 . 7 million people live in the city  s administrative region , and another 5 . 3 million people in its metropolitan area , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany . English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval ___MASK89___ and is now a global " lingua franca ". Named after the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to ___MASK89___ , it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia ( Angeln ) peninsula in the Baltic Sea . It is most closely related to the Frisian languages , although its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages in the early medieval period , and later by Romance languages , particularly French . English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states . It is the most commonly spoken language in the ___MASK100___ , the United States , Canada , Australia , Ireland , and ___MASK76___ , and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean , Africa , and South Asia . It is the third most common native language in the world , after Mandarin and Spanish . It is the most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations , of the European Union , and of many other world and regional international organisations . It is the most widely spoken Germanic language , accounting for at least 70 % of speakers of this Indo - European branch . ___MASK84___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK84___ , is a sovereign state in Northern Europe . A peninsula with the Gulf of ___MASK84___ to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west , the country has land borders with ___MASK25___ to the northwest , ___MASK51___ to the north , and ___MASK83___ to the east . Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of ___MASK84___ . ___MASK84___ is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia , which also includes Scandinavia . ___MASK84___ ' s population is 5 . 5 million ( 2014 ), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades . The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region . In terms of area , it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . Ascona is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in ___MASK33___ . ___MASK51___ (; Norwegian : ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom of ___MASK51___ , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub - Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . ___MASK51___ also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands ( since 1035 ), ___MASK95___ ( 1261 ), and ___MASK77___ ( 1262 ). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . Leeuwarden ( Frisian : " Ljouwert " , Stadsfries : " Liwwadden ") is a city and municipality with a population of 108 , 249 in Friesland in the ___MASK41___ . It is the provincial capital and seat of the States of Friesland . ___MASK18___ am Main is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth - largest city in ___MASK53___ , with a 2015 population of 731 , 095 within its administrative boundaries , and 2 . 3 million in its urban area . The city is at the centre of the larger ___MASK18___ Rhine - Main Metropolitan Region , which has a population of 5 . 8 million and is ___MASK53___ ' s second - largest metropolitan region after Rhine - Ruhr . Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013 , the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of ___MASK18___ ' s CBD , the Bankenviertel . ___MASK18___ is culturally and ethnically diverse , with around half of the population , and a majority of young people , having a migration background . A quarter of the population are foreign nationals , including many expatriates . Berlin is the capital and the largest city of ___MASK53___ as well as one of its constituent 16 states . With a population of approximately 3 . 5 million people , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern ___MASK53___ on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin - Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one - third of the city ' s area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers and lakes . North Holland (, West Frisian : " Noard - Holland ") is a province in the northwest of the ___MASK41___ . It is situated on the North Sea , north of South Holland and Utrecht , and west of Friesland and Flevoland . As of 2015 , it has a population of 2 , 762 , 163 and a total area of . A physician , medical practitioner , medical doctor or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine , which is concerned with promoting , maintaining , or restoring health through the study , diagnosis , and treatment of disease , injury , and other physical and mental impairments . Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories , types of patients and methods of treatment  known as specialities  or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals , families , and communities  known as general practice . Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the ___MASK78___ disciplines ( such as anatomy and physiology ) underlying diseases and their treatment  the " science " of medicine  and also a decent competence in its applied practice  the art or " craft " of medicine . Haarlem ( predecessor of " Harlem " in the English language ) is a city and municipality in the ___MASK41___ . It is the capital of the province of North Holland and is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad , one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe . Haarlem had a population of in . It is a 15 - minute train ride from Amsterdam , and many residents commute to the country ' s capital for work . Ticino , formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino (; ; see also in other languages ) is the southernmost canton of ___MASK33___ . Ticino borders the Canton of Uri to the north , Valais to the west ( through the Novena Pass ), Graubünden to the northeast , ___MASK50___ ' s regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian exclave of Campione d ' Italia . ___MASK3___ ( local pronunciation ; Low German / Low Saxon : " Hamborg " ), officially " Freie und Hansestadt ___MASK3___ " ( Free and Hanseatic City of ___MASK3___ ), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union . It is the second smallest German state by area . Its population is over 1 . 7 million people , and the wider ___MASK3___ Metropolitan Region covers more than 5 . 1 million inhabitants . The city is situated on the river Elbe . Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe . Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term , geographically , Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north ; which includes ( from west to east ) most or all of : ___MASK77___ , the Republic of Ireland , the Isle of Man , the United Kingdom , the Faroe Islands , the ___MASK41___ , northern Germany , Denmark , Norway , Sweden , northern Poland , Finland , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania and northwest Russia . However , narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors , such as climate and ecology . Greenland , geographically a part of North America , is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark , and may be included depending on the definition .