field_of_work ahmad al-badawi
Morocco (', lit . " The West "; '), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (', lit . " The Western Kingdom "; '), is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North ___MASK66___ . Geographically , Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior , large tracts of desert , and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea . The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ('; ', ; "") is a peninsula in ___MASK32___ , situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south , serving as a land bridge between ___MASK38___ and Africa . It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in ___MASK38___ . Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1 , 400 , 000 people . The bulk of the peninsula is divided administratively into two of ___MASK32___ ' s 27 governorates ( with three more straddling the Suez Canal area ). Sudan (" as - Sdn ", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan (" Jumhriyyat as - Sdn "), is a country in Northern ___MASK66___ . It is bordered by ___MASK32___ to the north , the Red Sea , Eritrea , and Ethiopia to the east , South Sudan to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest . It is the third largest country in ___MASK66___ . The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . Before the Sudanese Civil War , South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011 . Its predominant religion is Islam . Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western ___MASK38___ , on the East Bank of the Jordan River . Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south , Iraq to the north - east , Syria to the north , Israel , Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south - west . Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of ___MASK38___ , Africa and Europe . The capital , Amman , is Jordan ' s most populous city as well as the country ' s economic , political and cultural centre . North ___MASK66___ or Northern ___MASK66___ is the northernmost region of ___MASK66___ . The United Nations definition of " North ___MASK66___ " includes seven countries and territories ; Algeria , ___MASK32___ , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Sudan , Tunisia , and Western Sahara . The countries of Algeria , Morocco , Tunisia , and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb , which is the Arabic word for " sunset ". ___MASK32___ lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West ___MASK38___ , while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel , to the south of ___MASK32___ . Tanta ("" , is a large city in ___MASK32___ . It is the country ' s fifth largest populated area , with 421 , 076 inhabitants as of 2006 . Tanta is located between Cairo and Alexandria : north of Cairo and southeast of Alexandria . The capital of Gharbia Governorate , it is a center for the cotton - ginning industry . One of the major railway lines goes through Tanta . Three annual festivals are held in Tanta in honor of Ahmad al - Badawi , a revered Sufi figure of the 13th century , who founded the Badawiyya Tariqa in ___MASK32___ and is buried in the main mosque of Tanta . Tanta is known for its sweetshops and roasted chickpeas . Libya ("") is a country in the Maghreb region of North ___MASK66___ , bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , ___MASK32___ to the east , Sudan to the southeast , Chad and Niger to the south , and Algeria and Tunisia to the west . The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania , Fezzan and Cyrenaica . With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in ___MASK66___ , and is the 16th largest country in the world . Libya has the 10th - largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world . The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza "', is a small self - governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea , that borders ___MASK32___ on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border . Gaza , together with the West Bank , comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine . The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory . Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority , but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas , a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006 . It has been placed under an Israeli and U . S .- led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards . Sheikh Ahmad Al - Badawi ( ___MASK31___ :    , IPA : ( æmæd elbædæwi ) ) , also known as Al - Sayyid Al - Badawi (   , ( essæjjed - , elsæjjed - ) ) was the Muslim founder of the Badawiyyah Sufi order . He was born in Fes , Morocco in 596 AH and died in Tanta , ___MASK32___ in 675 AH . His followers report that he was credited with many kjarmt ( miracles ) . The Red Sea ( also the Erythraean Sea ) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean , lying between ___MASK66___ and ___MASK38___ . The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden . To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula , the Gulf of Aqaba , and the Gulf of Suez ( leading to the Suez Canal ). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion . The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley . An honorific is a title that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person . Sometimes , the term " honorific " is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title . It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in ___MASK9___ , which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers . Sheikh ( pronounced or ; ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' ) also transliterated Sheik , Shaik , Shayk , Shaykh , Shaikh , Cheikh , Shekh and " Shaikh " is an honorific title in the ___MASK31___ language . It commonly designates the ruler of a tribe , who inherited the title from his father . " Sheikh " is given to a royal male at birth , whereas the related title " Sheikha " is given to a royal female at birth . The Gulf of Aqaba (" Khalij al - Aqabah ") or Gulf of Eilat (" Mifrats Eilat ") is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea , east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland . Its coastline is divided between four countries : ___MASK32___ , Israel , Jordan , and Saudi Arabia . ___MASK38___ is Earth ' s largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe . ___MASK38___ covers an area of , about 30 % of Earth ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % of the Earth ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . ___MASK38___ is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4 . 4 billion people . Saudi Arabia , officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ), is an Arab sovereign state in Western ___MASK38___ constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth - largest state in ___MASK38___ and second - largest state in the Arab world after Algeria . Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain , and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast , and Yemen to the south . It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast , and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms . Alexandria ( or ; ___MASK31___ : '; '; "") is the second largest city and a major economic centre in ___MASK32___ , extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country . Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels . Alexandria is ___MASK32___ ' s largest seaport , serving approximately 80 % of ___MASK32___ ' s imports and exports . It is an important industrial center because of its natural ___MASK61___ and oil pipelines from Suez . Alexandria is also an important tourist destination . Cairo (; ', ') is the capital and largest city of ___MASK32___ . The city ' s metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world , and 15th - largest in the world , and is associated with ancient ___MASK32___ , as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area . Located near the Nile Delta , modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al - Siqilli (" the Sicilian ") of the Fatimid dynasty , but the land composing the present - day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo . Cairo has long been a center of the region ' s political and cultural life , and is nicknamed " the city of a thousand minarets " for its preponderance of Islamic ___MASK17___ . ___MASK32___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK32___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of ___MASK38___ by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK32___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK32___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation . ___MASK66___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . Gharbia Governorate ("") is one of the governorates of ___MASK32___ . It is located in the north of the country , south of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate , and north of Monufia Governorate . Its capital is Tanta , which is 90 km north of Cairo , and 120 km south east of Alexandria . The largest city in Gharbia is El Mahalla El Kubra . The total area of Gharbia governorate is 25 , 400 km , making it the tenth - largest governorate of ___MASK32___ . A tariqa ( or " tariqah "; "") is the term for a school or order of ___MASK34___ , or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking " Haqiqa ", which translates as " ultimate truth ". The Mediterranean Sea ( pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North ___MASK66___ , and on the east by the Levant . The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean , although it is usually identified as a separate body of water . The plural ( abbreviated ), in many languages , is one of the values of the grammatical category of number . Plural of nouns typically denote a quantity other than the default quantity represented by a noun , which is generally one ( the form that represents this default quantity is said to be of " singular " number ). Most commonly , therefore , plurals are used to denote two or more of something , although they may also denote more than fractional , zero or negative amounts . An example of a plural is the ___MASK67___ word " cats ", which corresponds to the singular " cat ". The Maghreb ( or ; literally " sunset "; ', " the Arab West " previously known as Barbary Coast , derived from Berber ), or the Greater Maghreb (" al - Maghrib al - Kabr "), is usually defined as much or most of the region of western North ___MASK66___ or Northwest ___MASK66___ , west of ___MASK32___ . The traditional definition as the region including the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , and Libya , was later superseded , especially following the 1989 formation of the Arab Maghreb Union (    ), by the inclusion of Mauritania and of the disputed territory of Western Sahara ( mostly controlled by Morocco ). During the Al - Andalus era in Spain ( 711  1492 ), the Maghreb ' s inhabitants , Maghrebis , were known as " Moors "; the Muslim areas of Spain in those times were usually included in contemporary definitions of the Maghreb  hence the use of " Moorish " or " Moors " to describe the Muslim inhabitants of Spain in Western sources . A mosque ( from " Al - masjid ") is a place of worship for followers of ___MASK15___ . Israel , officially known as the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East , on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and ___MASK32___ to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel ' s financial and technology center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state ' s sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized . The Badawiyyah , Sufi tarika , was founded in the thirteenth century in ___MASK32___ by Ahmad al - Badawi ( 1199 - 1276 ). As a tarika , the Badawiyyah lacks any distinct doctrines . A tribe is viewed , developmentally or historically , as a social group existing before the development of , or outside , states . A tribe is a group of distinct people , dependent on their land for their livelihood , who are largely self - sufficient , and not integrated into the national society . It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public . Stephen Corry , ___MASK27___ of Survival International , an organisation dedicated to indigenous rights , defines tribal people as those who "... have followed ways of life for many generations that are largely self - sufficient , and are clearly different from the mainstream and dominant society ." This definition , however , would not apply in countries in the Middle East such as Iraq , where the entire population is a member of one tribe or another , and tribalism itself is dominant and mainstream .