place_of_death tom kennedy 
Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium " Mycobacterium tuberculosis " ( MTB ). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but can also affect other parts of the body . ___MASK9___ infections do not have symptoms ; in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis . About 10 % of latent infections progress to active disease which , if left untreated , kills about half of those infected . The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood - containing sputum , fever , night sweats , and weight loss . The historical term " consumption " came about due to the weight loss . Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms . Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough , spit , speak , or sneeze . People with latent TB do not spread the disease . Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV / AIDS and in those who smoke . Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X - rays , as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids . Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test ( TST ) or blood tests . Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk , early detection and treatment of cases , and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette - Guérin vaccine . Those at high risk include household , workplace , and social contacts of people with active TB . Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time . Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug - resistant tuberculosis ( MDR - TB ). One - third of the world ' s population is thought to be infected with TB . New infections occur in about 1 % of the population each year . In 2014 , there were 9 . 6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1 . 5 million deaths . More than 95 % of deaths occurred in developing countries . The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000 . About 80 % of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5  10 % of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test . Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times . Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity which exceeds the boundaries of ___MASK24___ physical comedy . The term arises from a device developed during the broad , physical comedy style known as Commedia dell ' arte in 16th Century Italy . The ' slap stick ' consists of two thin slats of wood made from splitting a single long stick , which make a ' slap ' when striking another ___MASK92___ , with little force needed to make a loud - and comical - sound . Stan ___MASK21___ ( born Arthur ___MASK75___ Jefferson ; 16 June 1890  23 February 1965 ) was an English comic ___MASK92___ , writer , and film director , most famous for his role in the comedy duo ___MASK21___ and Hardy . He appeared with his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films , feature films , and cameo roles . Keystone Studios was an early movie studio founded in Edendale , ___MASK57___ ( which is now a part of Echo Park ) on July 4 , 1912 as the Keystone Pictures Studio by Mack Sennett ( 1880 - 1960 ) with backing from ___MASK92___ - writer Adam Kessel ( 1866 - 1946 ) and Charles O . Baumann ( 1874 - 1931 ), owners of the ___MASK37___ Motion Picture Company ( founded 1909 ). The company filmed in and around Glendale and Silver Lake , ___MASK87___ , ___MASK57___ for several years , and its films were distributed by the Mutual Film Corporation between 1912 and 1915 . Ted Healy ( born Ernest Lea Nash , October 1 , 1896  December 21 , 1937 ) was an American vaudeville performer , comedian , and ___MASK92___ . Though he is chiefly remembered as the creator of The Three Stooges and the style of slapstick comedy that they later made famous , he had a successful stage and film career of his own , and was cited as a formative influence by several later comedy stars . This name for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film was introduced in 1974 . For the three preceding years it was known as " Short Subjects , Live Action Films ". The term " Short Subjects , Live Action Subjects " was used from 1957 until 1970 . From 1936 until 1956 there were two separate awards , " ___MASK25___ Short Subject , One - reel " and " ___MASK25___ Short Subject , Two - reel ". These categories referred to the running time of the short : a reel of film , in this context , being 1000 feet or less , or about 11 minutes . A third category " ___MASK25___ Short Subject , color " was used only for 1936 and 1937 . From the initiation of short subject awards for 1932 until 1935 the terms were " ___MASK25___ Short Subject , comedy " and " ___MASK25___ Short Subject , novelty ". Below is a list of Oscar - winning short films . The winning film is listed first , with the other nominated films for that year / category below . The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from the late 1920s until the late 1960s , ___MASK25___ known for their 190 ___MASK94___ short subject films that are still syndicated on television . Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick . In films , the Stooges were commonly known by their first names of " Moe , Larry , and Curly " or " Moe , Larry , and Shemp " ( among other lineups , depending on the particular film ). There were a total of six stooges over the act ' s run , with only three active at any given time . Moe and Larry were always present during the film era throughout the ensemble ' s run of more than forty years . William Claude Dukenfield ( January 29 , 1880  December 25 , 1946 ), better known as W . C . Fields , was an American comedian , ___MASK92___ , juggler and writer . Fields ' comic persona was a misanthropic and hard - drinking egotist , who remained a sympathetic character despite his snarling contempt for dogs and children . The Academy Honorary Award , instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards ( previously called the Special Award ), is given by the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards , although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award . Unless otherwise specified , Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards . Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972 , those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet " the Academy ' s eligibility year and deadline requirements ." Like the Special Achievement Award , the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories , subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories , and to honor exceptional career achievements , contributions to the motion picture industry , and service to the Academy . The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award . Thus , many of its recipients are Classic ___MASK69___ stars , such as Lillian Gish , Barbara Stanwyck , and Lauren Bacall . Tom Kennedy ( July 15 , 1885 -- October 6 , 1965 ) was an American ___MASK92___ known for his roles in ___MASK69___ comedies from the silent days , with such producers as Mack Sennett and Hal Roach , mainly supporting lead comedians such as the four Marx Brothers , W . C . Fields , Mabel Normand , Shemp Howard and Laurel and Hardy . ___MASK21___ and Hardy were a comedy double act during the early Classical ___MASK69___ era of American cinema . The team was composed of thin Englishman Stan ___MASK21___ ( 1890  1965 ) and heavyset American Oliver Hardy ( 1892  1957 ). They became well known during the late 1920s through the mid - 1940s for their slapstick comedy , with ___MASK21___ playing the clumsy and childlike friend of the pompous Hardy . The duo ' s signature tune is known variously as " The Cuckoo Song ", " Ku - Ku ", or " The Dance of the Cuckoos ". It was played over the opening credits of their films and has become as emblematic of the duo as their bowler hats . ___MASK87___ ( Spanish for " The Angels "), officially the City of ___MASK87___ and often known by its initials L . A ., is the second - most populous city in the United States ( after New York City ), the most populous city in California and the county seat of ___MASK87___ County . Situated in Southern California , ___MASK87___ is known for its mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , sprawling metropolis , and as a major center of the American entertainment industry . ___MASK87___ lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over . ___MASK57___ is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the western ( ___MASK91___ ) coast of the U . S ., ___MASK57___ is bordered by the other U . S . states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja ___MASK57___ . The state capital is ___MASK16___ . ___MASK87___ is ___MASK57___ ' s most populous city , and the country ' s second largest after New York City . The state also has the nation ' s most populous county , ___MASK87___ County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . William Desmond ___MASK22___ ( 26 April 1872  1 February 1922 ) was an Irish - born American director and ___MASK92___ . He was a popular figure in the growing ___MASK69___ motion - picture colony of the 1910s and early 1920s , having directed 59 silent films between 1914 and 1922 and acted in 27 between 1913 and 1915 . An ___MASK92___ ( or actress for females ; see terminology ) is a person who portrays a character in a performance . The ___MASK92___ performs " in the flesh " in the traditional medium of the theatre , or in modern mediums such as film , radio , and television . The analogous Greek term is , literally " one who answers ". The ___MASK92___ ' s interpretation of their role pertains to the role played , whether based on a real person or fictional character . Interpretation occurs even when the ___MASK92___ is " playing themselves ", as in some forms of experimental performance art , or , more commonly ; to act , is to create , a character in performance . Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context , traditionally interdisciplinary . Performance may be either scripted or unscripted , random or carefully orchestrated ; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation . The performance can be live or via ___MASK76___ ; the performer can be present or absent . It can be any situation that involves four basic elements : time , space , the performer ' s body , or presence in a medium , and a relationship between performer and audience . Performance art can happen anywhere , in any type of venue or setting and for any length of time . The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work . Leading man or leading gentleman is an informal term for the ___MASK92___ who is the protagonist or plays a love interest to the leading actress in a film or play . A leading man is sometimes an all - rounder ; capable of singing , dancing , and acting at a professional level . Harold ___MASK35___ " Hal " Roach , Sr . ( January 14 , 1892  November 2 , 1992 ) was an American film and television producer , director , and ___MASK92___ from the 1910s to the 1990s , best known today for producing the Laurel and Hardy and " Our Gang " film comedy series . Mabel Normand ( November 9 , 1892  February 23 , 1930 ) was an American silent film actress , screenwriter , director , and producer . She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in his Keystone Studios films and , at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s , had her own movie studio and production company . Onscreen , she appeared in 12 successful films with Charles Chaplin and 17 with Roscoe " Fatty " Arbuckle , sometimes writing and directing ( or co - writing / directing ) movies featuring Chaplin as her leading man . Throughout the 1920s , her name was linked with widely publicized scandals , including the 1922 murder of William Desmond ___MASK22___ and the 1924 shooting of Courtland S . Dines , who was shot by Normand ' s chauffeur using her pistol . She was not a suspect in either crime . Her film career declined , possibly due to both scandals and a recurrence of tuberculosis in ___MASK46___ , which led to a decline in her health , retirement from films , and her death in 1930 at age 37 . A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound , especially with no spoken dialogue . The silent film era lasted from ___MASK5___ to 1936 . In silent films for entertainment , the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures , mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue . The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself , but because of the technical challenges involved , synchronized dialogue was only made practical in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system . During silent films , a pianist , theatre organist , or , in large cities , even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films . Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise ; an orchestra would play from sheet music . A persona ( plural personae or personas ), in the word ' s everyday usage , is a social role or a character played by an ___MASK92___ . The word is derived from Latin , where it originally referred to a theatrical mask . The Latin word probably derived from the Etruscan word " phersu ", with the same meaning , and that from the Greek  (" prospon "). Its meaning in the latter ___MASK81___ period changed to indicate a " character " of a theatrical performance or court of law , when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role , and legal attributes such as rights , powers , and duties followed the role . The same individuals as actors could play different roles , each with its own legal attributes , sometimes even in the same court appearance . According to other sources , which also admit that the origin of the term is not completely clear , " persona " could possibly be related to the Latin verb " per - sonare ", literally : " sounding through ", with an obvious link to the above - mentioned theatrical mask . Oliver Norvell " Babe " Hardy ( born Norvell Hardy ; January 18 , 1892  ___MASK4___ 7 , 1957 ) was an American comic ___MASK92___ famous as one - half of Laurel and Hardy , the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted 25 years , from 1927 to 1951 . He appeared with his comedy partner Stan Laurel in 107 short films , feature films , and cameo roles . He was credited with his first film , " Outwitting Dad ", in 1914 . In some of his early works , he was billed as " Babe Hardy ", using his nickname . Shemp Howard ( born Samuel Horwitz , ___MASK23___ 11 , ___MASK5___  November 22 , 1955 ) was an American comedian and actor . He was called " Shemp " because " Sam " came out that way in his mother ' s thick Litvak accent . He is best known today for his role as the third stooge in the Three Stooges , a role he first portrayed at the beginning of the act in the early 1920s ( 1923  1932 ) while the act was still associated with Ted Healy and known as " Ted Healy and his Stooges ", and again from 1947 until his death in 1955 . Between his times with the Stooges , Shemp had a successful film career as a solo comedian . ___MASK69___ (, informally Tinseltown ) is an ethnically diverse , densely populated , relatively low - income neighborhood in the central region of ___MASK87___ , California . It is notable as the home of the U . S . film industry , including several of its historic studios , and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it . Wrestling Swordfish is a 1931 American short adventure film produced by Mack Sennett . It won an Academy Award in 1932 for ___MASK25___ Short Subject ( Novelty ). The bowler hat , also known as a bob hat , bombín or ___MASK26___ ( USA ), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown , created originally during 1849 . The bowler , a protective and durable hat style , was popular with the British and American working classes during the remaining 19th century , and later with the middle and upper classes in the ___MASK8___ and the eastern United States . Mack Sennett ( born Michael Sinnott ; January 17 , 1880  November 5 , 1960 ) was a Canadian - born American director and ___MASK92___ and was known as an innovator of slapstick comedy in film . During his lifetime he was known at times as the " King of Comedy ". His short " Wrestling Swordfish " was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937 .