instance_of angel 
A ___MASK39___ or crystalline solid is a solid ___MASK11___ whose constituents ( such as atoms , molecules , or ions ) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic ___MASK78___ , forming a ___MASK39___ lattice that extends in all directions . In addition , macroscopic ___MASK47___ crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape , consisting of flat faces with specific , characteristic orientations . The scientific study of crystals and ___MASK39___ formation is known as crystallography . The process of ___MASK39___ formation via mechanisms of ___MASK39___ growth is called crystallization or solidification . In ___MASK94___ ___MASK1___ , High Renaissance is the period denoting the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance . The High Renaissance period is traditionally taken to begin in the 1490s , with Leonardo ' s fresco of the Last Supper in Milan and the death of Lorenzo de ' Medici in Florence , and to have ended in 1527 with the sacking of Rome by the troops of Charles V . This term was first used in German ( Hochrenaissance ) in the early nineteenth century , and has its origins in the " High Style " of painting and ___MASK76___ described by Johann Joachim Winckelmann . Over the last twenty years , use of the term has been frequently criticized by academic ___MASK94___ historians for oversimplifying artistic developments , ignoring historical context , and focusing only on a few iconic works . The ___MASK45___ of San Domenico is one of the major churches in Bologna , Italy . The remains of Saint Dominic , founder of the ___MASK22___ of Preachers ( Dominicans ), are buried inside the exquisite shrine Arca di San Domenico , made by Nicola Pisano and his ___MASK29___ , Arnolfo di Cambio and with later additions by Niccolò dell ' Arca and the young Michelangelo . The Renaissance was a ___MASK32___ in European ___MASK1___ , from the 14th to the 17th century , regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern ___MASK1___ . It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval ___MASK32___ and later spread to the rest of Europe , marking the beginning of the Early Modern ___MASK83___ . Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing ___MASK72___ types , in a process called metamorphism , which means " change in form ". The original ___MASK72___ ( protolith ) is subjected to heat ( temperatures greater than 150 to 200 ° C ) and pressure ( 1500 bars ), causing profound physical and / or chemical change . The protolith may be a sedimentary ___MASK72___ , an igneous ___MASK72___ or another older ___MASK24___ . Bologna (; ) is the largest ___MASK23___ ( and the ___MASK20___ ) of the Emilia - Romagna Region in Northern Italy . It is the seventh most populous ___MASK23___ in Italy , located in the heart of a metropolitan area ( officially recognized by the Italian ___MASK62___ as a " città metropolitana ") of about one million . Calcite is a carbonate ___MASK30___ and the most ___MASK92___ polymorph of calcium carbonate ( CaCO ). The Mohs ___MASK56___ of ___MASK30___ hardness , based on scratch hardness comparison , defines value 3 as " calcite ". The Arca di San Domenico ( ___MASK37___ of Saint Dominic ) is a ___MASK66___ containing the remains of Saint Dominic . It is located in Dominic  s Chapel in the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna , Italy . Nicola Pisano ( also called " Niccolò Pisano ", " Nicola de Apulia " or " Nicola Pisanus "; c . 1220 / 1225  c . 1284 ) was an Italian sculptor whose ___MASK7___ is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style . Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern ___MASK76___ . Arnolfo di Cambio ( c . 1240  1300 / 1310 ) was an Italian ___MASK33___ and sculptor . The statue of an Angel ( 1494 -- 1495 ) was created by Michelangelo out of marble . Its height is 51 . 5 cm . It is situated in the ___MASK45___ of San Domenico , Bologna . ___MASK77___ is a sedimentary ___MASK72___ , composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral , forams and molluscs . Its major materials are the minerals calcite and aragonite , which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate ( CaCO ). Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( 15 ___MASK54___ 14522 ___MASK51___ 1519 ), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo , was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention , painting , sculpting , ___MASK97___ , ___MASK79___ , music , ___MASK42___ , engineering , ___MASK3___ , ___MASK48___ , geology , astronomy , botany , writing , history , and cartography . He has been variously called the father of palaeontology , ichnology , and ___MASK97___ , and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time . Sometimes credited with the inventions of the ___MASK31___ , helicopter and tank , he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal . Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni ( 6 ___MASK36___ 1475  18 ___MASK60___ 1564 ) was an Italian sculptor , painter , architect , and poet of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western ___MASK94___ . Considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime , he has since been described as one of the greatest artists of all ___MASK85___ . Despite making few forays beyond the arts , his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man , along with his rival and fellow Florentine Medici client , Leonardo da Vinci . Emilia - Romagna (, Romagnol : " Emélia - Rumâgna ") is an ___MASK71___ of Northeast Italy , comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna . Its ___MASK20___ is Bologna . It has an area of , and about 4 . 4 million inhabitants . Northern ___MASK16___ is a cultural and ___MASK68___ region , without any administrative purpose , used to indicate the northern ___MASK61___ of the Italian state , also informally referred as " Il Nord ", " Settentrione " or " Alta Italia ". It consists of 8 regions in northern ___MASK16___ : Aosta Valley , Piedmont , Liguria , Lombardy , Emilia - Romagna , Veneto , Friuli - Venezia Giulia , Trentino - Alto Adige / Südtirol . According to the 2011 ___MASK73___ , its population was 27 , 213 , 372 . For statistic purposes , the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ( ISTAT ) uses the term Northwest ___MASK16___ and Northeast ___MASK16___ for identifying two of the ___MASK6___ statistical regions in its reporting . These same subdivisions are used to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics ( NUTS ) regions (" NUTS ___MASK25___ regions ") within the European Union , and the Italian constituencies for the European Parliament . ___MASK10___ Dominic , also known as Dominic of Osma and Dominic of Caleruega , often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo Félix de Guzmán ( ___MASK53___ 8 , 1170  ___MASK53___ 6 , 1221 ), was a Castilian ___MASK8___ and founder of the Dominican Order . Dominic is the ___MASK96___ of astronomers . Marble is a ___MASK24___ composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals , most commonly calcite or dolomite . Marble may be foliated . Geologists use the term " marble " to refer to metamorphosed limestone ; however , stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone . Marble is commonly used for ___MASK76___ and as a building material . Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate ___MASK30___ composed of calcium magnesium carbonate , ideally The ___MASK26___ is also used for a sedimentary carbonate ___MASK72___ composed mostly of the ___MASK30___ dolomite . An alternative name sometimes used for the dolomitic ___MASK72___ type is dolostone . Niccolò dell  Arca ( c . 1435 - 1440  2 ___MASK36___ 1494 ) was an Italian Early Renaissance sculptor . He is also known under the names Niccolò da Ragusa , Niccolò da Bari and Niccolò d ' Antonio d ' Apulia . The ___MASK9___  dell  Arca  refers to his contribution to the Arca di San Domenico .