located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity nordberg 
___MASK99___ ( formerly known by its Dutch name ___MASK84___ ) is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean . Situated north of mainland Europe , it is about midway between continental Norway and the North Pole . The islands of the group range from 74 ° to 81 ° north latitude , and from 10 ° to 35 ° east longitude . The largest island is ___MASK84___ , followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya . Rapid transit , also known as heavy rail , metro , subway , tube , or underground , is a type ___MASK74___ high - capacity public transport generally found in urban areas . Unlike buses or trams , rapid transit systems are electric railways that operate on an exclusive right - ___MASK74___ - way , which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles ___MASK74___ any sort , and which is often grade separated in tunnels or on elevated railways . Nordberg was a station on the Sognsvann Line ___MASK74___ the Oslo Metro in Oslo , Norway . It was opened on 10 October 1934 , and was located between Østhorn and Holstein stations , in a level crossing with the steep ___MASK34___ Borgestadveien . The station saw several accidents , and was closed on 5 May 1992 when the Sognsvann Line was upgraded to rapid transit standard . An underpass was constructed to allow pedestrians pass under the tracks . ___MASK30___ is a county in Norway , bordering Hedmark , ___MASK56___ , Buskerud , Oslo , and ___MASK42___ ; it also has a short border with Sweden ( Värmland ). ___MASK30___ , with more than half a million inhabitants , is the second - largest county by population after Oslo . The county is named after ___MASK30___ Fortress . The county administration is in Oslo , which is not part of the county " per se ". The Republic ___MASK74___ Iceland , " Lýðveldið Ísland " in Icelandic , is a Nordic island country in the North ___MASK40___ . It has a population ___MASK74___ and an area ___MASK74___ , making it the ___MASK48___ sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the ___MASK7___ ___MASK74___ the country are home to over two - thirds ___MASK74___ the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists ___MASK74___ a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with ___MASK48___ ___MASK74___ the archipelago having a tundra climate . A monarchy is a form ___MASK74___ government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country ' s national identity and one ___MASK74___ its members , called the monarch , exercises a role ___MASK74___ sovereignty . The actual power ___MASK74___ the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ), to partial and restricted (" constitutional " monarchy ), to completely autocratic (" absolute " monarchy ). Traditionally and in ___MASK48___ cases , the monarch ' s post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each ___MASK74___ these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those ___MASK74___ certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , and other factors . Occasionally this might create a situation ___MASK74___ rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term ___MASK74___ a monarch ' s reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the ___MASK48___ common form ___MASK74___ government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads ___MASK74___ state , 19 ___MASK74___ which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head ___MASK74___ state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception ___MASK74___ the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs ___MASK74___ ___MASK14___ , Japan , and Malaysia " reign , but do not rule " although there is considerable variation in the degree ___MASK74___ authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs ___MASK74___ Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and ___MASK43___ appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source ___MASK74___ authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition . A tunnel is an underground passageway , dug through the surrounding soil / ___MASK39___ / ___MASK86___ and enclosed except for entrance and exit , commonly at each end . A pipeline is not a tunnel , though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods . ___MASK66___ , officially the Kingdom ___MASK74___ ___MASK66___ ( Swedish : ), is a Scandinavian country in ___MASK25___ ___MASK6___ . It borders Norway to the ___MASK80___ and Finland to the ___MASK11___ , and is connected to ___MASK37___ in the ___MASK7___ by a bridge - tunnel across the Öresund . At , ___MASK66___ is the third - largest country in the ___MASK13___ by area , with a total population ___MASK74___ 10 . 0 million . ___MASK66___ consequently has a low population density ___MASK74___ , with the highest concentration in the southern half ___MASK74___ the country . Approximately 85 % ___MASK74___ the population lives in urban areas . Sognsvann ( or " Sognsvannet ") is a 3 . 3 km circumference lake just ___MASK58___ ___MASK74___ Oslo , Norway . The Sognsvann Line is a rapid transit line on the ___MASK31___ Metro ___MASK74___ Norway . It branches from the Common Tunnel at Majorstuen and runs to Sognsvann . After Ullevål stadion , the Ring Line branches off . The Sognsvann Line serves the northwestern and ___MASK25___ neighborhoods ___MASK74___ ___MASK31___ , mostly within the borough ___MASK74___ ___MASK20___ . The line is owned and maintained by Kollektivtransportproduksjon and has nine stations . The western end ___MASK74___ line 5 serves the entire line . Line 4 and the eastern end ___MASK74___ line 5 serve the southern part ___MASK74___ the line up to Ullevål stadion before branching off and continuing along the Ring Line . This gives an average five - minute headway on the southern part and an average fifteen - minute headway on the ___MASK25___ part ___MASK74___ the line . The ___MASK31___ Metro ( or or simply ) is the rapid transit system ___MASK74___ ___MASK31___ , Norway , operated by Sporveien T - banen on contract from the transit authority Ruter . The network consists ___MASK74___ five lines that all run through the city ___MASK15___ , with a total length ___MASK74___ , serving 101 stations ___MASK74___ which 17 are underground or indoors . In addition to serving 14 out ___MASK74___ the 15 boroughs ___MASK74___ ___MASK31___ ( all except St . Hanshaugen ), two lines run to Bærum . In 2015 , the system had an annual ridership ___MASK74___ 94 . 4 million . St . Hanshaugen ( Norwegian for St . John ' s ___MASK89___ ) is a ___MASK76___ ___MASK74___ the city ___MASK74___ Oslo , Norway . ___MASK97___ is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , ___MASK11___ of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , ___MASK97___ has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and ___MASK37___ , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . ___MASK20___ is a district of the city of Oslo , Norway . Sporveien T - banen AS is a limited company that is responsible for operating ___MASK31___ Metro , the rapid transit in ___MASK31___ , Norway . The company is owned by Sporveien , which is owned by the city council . Sporveien operates on a contract with Ruter , the public transport administration in ___MASK31___ and ___MASK30___ . Nordberg is a neighbourhood in ___MASK20___ in Oslo , the capital of Norway . ___MASK35___ , also known as the ___MASK1___ , is an archipelago in the Northern Isles ___MASK74___ ___MASK17___ , situated off the north coast ___MASK74___ Great Britain . ___MASK35___ is 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) north ___MASK74___ the coast ___MASK74___ Caithness and comprises approximately 70 islands , ___MASK74___ which 20 are inhabited . The largest island Mainland is often referred to as " the Mainland ". It has an area ___MASK74___ , making it the sixth - largest Scottish island and the tenth - largest island in the ___MASK53___ . The largest settlement and administrative centre is ___MASK41___ . The ___MASK46___ ( Irish : " Na Scigirí ") are an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland , north - ___MASK51___ of mainland Scotland . The area is approximately with a 2016 population of 49 , 188 . The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark . Bokmål ( literally " book tongue ") is an official written standard for the Norwegian language , alongside Nynorsk . Bokmål is the preferred written standard ___MASK74___ Norwegian for 85 % to 90 % ___MASK74___ the population in Norway , and is ___MASK48___ used by people who speak Standard Østnorsk . ___MASK54___ is a municipality in ___MASK30___ county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika . ___MASK54___ was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 . A suburb of Oslo , ___MASK54___ is located on the ___MASK80___ coast of the city . A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body ___MASK74___ water , valley , or ___MASK34___ , for the purpose ___MASK74___ providing passage over the obstacle . There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations . Designs ___MASK74___ bridges vary depending on the function ___MASK74___ the bridge , the nature ___MASK74___ the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored , the material used to make it , and the funds available to build it . ___MASK18___ , also called the ___MASK18___ Islands , is a subarctic archipelago that lies northeast of the island of Great Britain and forms part of ___MASK17___ , United Kingdom . ___MASK83___ ( US English , UK English or ) is ___MASK39___ ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region ___MASK74___ the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south ___MASK74___ the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , ___MASK83___ is nearly twice the size ___MASK74___ ___MASK77___ . About 98 % ___MASK74___ ___MASK83___ is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches ___MASK74___ the Antarctic Peninsula . Harald Sigurdsson ( Old Norse : " Haraldr Sigurðarson "; c . 1015  25 September 1066 ), given the epithet Hardrada (" harðráði ", roughly translated as " stern counsel " or " hard ruler ") in the sagas , was ___MASK68___ of Norway ( as Harald III ) from 1046 to 1066 . In addition , he unsuccessfully claimed the Danish throne until 1064 and the English throne in 1066 . Prior to becoming ___MASK68___ , Harald had spent around fifteen years in exile as a mercenary and military commander in Kievan Rus ' and of the Varangian Guard in the ___MASK9___ . ___MASK93___ is a c . 2 . 7 million - square - kilometre ( 1 million sq mi ) region of Antarctica claimed as a dependent territory by Norway . The territory lies between 20 ° west and 45 ° ___MASK11___ , between the British Antarctic Territory to the west and the Australian Antarctic Territory to the ___MASK11___ . On ___MASK48___ maps there had been an unclaimed area between ___MASK93___ ' s borders of 1939 and the South Pole until June 12 , 2015 when Norway formally annexed that area . Positioned in ___MASK94___ , the territory comprises about one - fifth of the total area of Antarctica . The claim is named after the Norwegian queen Maud of ___MASK85___ ( 1869  1938 ). The Scandinavian Peninsula (; " Skandinavsky poluostrov ") is a peninsula in ___MASK25___ ___MASK6___ , which generally comprises the ___MASK49___ of Sweden , the ___MASK49___ of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ), the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . ___MASK30___ Fortress or ___MASK30___ Castle is a medieval castle that was built to protect Oslo , the capital of Norway . It has also been used as a prison . ___MASK24___ is a historical province or " landskap " in the centre of Sweden . It borders the country of Norway as well as the provinces of Dalarna , Hälsingland , Medelpad , and Jämtland . The province originally belonged to Norway , but was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Brömsebro , 1645 . A level crossing , or grade crossing , is an intersection where a railway line crosses a ___MASK34___ or path at the same level , as opposed to the railway line crossing over or under using a bridge or tunnel . The term also applies when a light rail line with separate right - of - way or reserved track crosses a ___MASK34___ in the same fashion . Other names include railway crossing , ___MASK34___ through railroad , railroad crossing , and train crossing . Bouvet Island ( Norwegian : Bouvetøya , previously spelled Bouvet - øya ) is an uninhabited subantarctic high island and dependency ___MASK74___ Norway located in the South ___MASK40___ at . It lies at the southern end ___MASK74___ the Mid - Atlantic Ridge and is the ___MASK48___ remote island in the world , approximately south - ___MASK7___ ___MASK74___ the coast ___MASK74___ South Africa and approximately north ___MASK74___ the Princess Astrid Coast ___MASK74___ Queen Maud Land , Antarctica . Light rail , light rail transit ( LRT ) or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway , but operating at a higher capacity , and often on an exclusive right - ___MASK74___ - way . An archipelago , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection ___MASK74___ islands . The word " archipelago " is derived from the Greek "  -  arkhi -" (" chief ") and "   pélagos " (" sea ") through the Italian " arcipelago ". In Italian , possibly following a tradition ___MASK74___ antiquity , the Archipelago ( from medieval Greek "*  " and Latin " archipelagus ") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and , later , usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number ___MASK74___ islands ). It is now used to refer to any island group or , sometimes , to a sea containing a small number ___MASK74___ scattered islands . A ___MASK34___ is a thoroughfare , route , or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance , including a motor vehicle , cart , bicycle , or horse . Christian IV ( 12 April 1577  28 February 1648 ), sometimes colloquially referred to as Christian Firtal in ___MASK37___ and Christian Kvart or Quart in Norway , was king of ___MASK37___ - Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648 . His 59 - year reign is the longest of Danish monarchs , and of Scandinavian monarchies . History . The introduction ___MASK74___ self - government in rural districts was a major political change . The Norwegian farm culture (" bondekultur ") that emerged came to serve as a symbol ___MASK74___ nationalistic resistance to the forced union with Sweden . The legislation ___MASK74___ 1837 gave both the towns and the rural areas the same institutions : a minor change for the town , but a major advance for the rural communities . The significance ___MASK74___ this legislation is hailed by a nationalistic historian , Ernst Sars : Haakon V Magnusson ( 10 April 1270 - 8 May 1319 ) ( Old Norse : " Hákon Magnússon "; Norwegian : " Håkon Magnusson ") was ___MASK68___ of Norway from 1299 until 1319 . ___MASK69___ is a historical and cultural region in ___MASK25___ ___MASK6___ characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . ___MASK16___ is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and a part of Norway . It is long ( southwest - northeast ) and in area , partly covered by glaciers ( an area of around the Beerenberg volcano ). It has two parts : larger northeast Nord - Jan and smaller Sør - Jan , linked by a wide isthmus . It lies northeast of Iceland ( 495 km ( 305 mi ) NE of Kolbeinsey ), east of central Greenland and west of the North Cape , Norway . The island is mountainous , the highest summit being the Beerenberg volcano in the north . The isthmus is the location of the two largest ___MASK88___ of the island , Sørlaguna ( South Lagoon ), and Nordlaguna ( North Lagoon ). A third lake is called Ullerenglaguna ( Ullereng Lagoon ). ___MASK16___ was formed by the ___MASK16___ hotspot . The Common Tunnel , sometimes called the Common Line , is a long tunnel ___MASK74___ the Oslo Metro which runs through the city ___MASK100___ ___MASK74___ Oslo , Norway . The name derives from the fact that all six lines ___MASK74___ the metro use the tunnel , which runs from Majorstuen to Tøyen . The section has six stations , including the four busiest on the metro . ___MASK44___ ( Norwegian : " Jemtland "; Latin : " Iemptia ") or Jamtland is a historical province (" landskap ") in the ___MASK100___ of Sweden in ___MASK25___ ___MASK6___ . It borders to ___MASK24___ and Medelpad in the south , Ångermanland in the east , Lapland in the north and Trøndelag and Norway in the west . ___MASK44___ covers an area of 34 , 009 square kilometres , 8 . 3 % of Sweden ' s total area and is the second largest province in Sweden . It has a population of 112 , 717 , the majority of whom live in " Storsjöbygden ", the area surrounding lake Storsjön . Östersund is ___MASK44___ ' s only city and is the 24th most populous city in Sweden . Peter I Island is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Bellingshausen Sea , from ___MASK83___ . It is claimed as a dependency ___MASK74___ Norway , and along with ___MASK93___ and Bouvet Island comprises one ___MASK74___ the three Norwegian dependent territories in the Antarctic and Subantarctic . Peter I Island is long and , slightly larger than ___MASK5___ . The tallest peak is the ultra and tall Lars Christensen Peak . Nearly all ___MASK74___ the island is covered by a glacier and it is surrounded most ___MASK74___ the year by pack ice , making it inaccessible almost all year round . There is little life on the island apart from seabirds and seals . Ruter AS is the public transport authority for ___MASK31___ and ___MASK30___ counties in Norway . Formally a limited company  60 % of the shares in which are owned by the ___MASK31___ county municipality and 40 % by that of ___MASK30___  it is responsible for administrating , funding , and marketing ( but not operating ) public transport in the two counties , including buses , the ___MASK31___ Metro (" T - banen i ___MASK31___ "), ___MASK31___ Trams (" Trikken i ___MASK31___ "), and ferry services . Ruter also holds agreements with the Norwegian State Railways concerning the regulation of fares on commuter train services operated within the two counties . A personal ___MASK45___ is the combination ___MASK74___ two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries , laws , and interests remain distinct . It differs from a federation in that each constituent state has an independent government , whereas a unitary state is united by a central government . The ruler in a personal ___MASK45___ does not need to be a hereditary monarch . ___MASK31___ is the capital and the ___MASK48___ populous city in Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . Founded in the year 1040 , and established as a " kaupstad " or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada , the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with ___MASK37___ from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress during the reign of Christian IV of ___MASK37___ and renamed Christiania in his honour . It was established as a municipality (" formannskapsdistrikt ") on 1 January 1838 . Following a spelling reform , it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925 , at which ___MASK8___ its original Norwegian name was restored . Headway is a measurement ___MASK74___ the minimum possible distance or ___MASK8___ between vehicles in a transit system , without a reduction in the speed ___MASK74___ vehicles . The precise definition varies depending on the application , but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip ___MASK74___ one vehicle to the tip ___MASK74___ the next one behind it , expressed as the ___MASK8___ it will take for the trailing vehicle to cover that distance . A " shorter " headway signifies a more frequent service . Freight trains might have headways measured in parts ___MASK74___ an hour , metro systems operate with headways on the order ___MASK74___ 1 to 5 minutes , and vehicles on a freeway can have as little as 2 seconds headway between them . Nynorsk , literally New Norwegian or New Norse , is one ___MASK74___ the two written standards ___MASK74___ the Norwegian language , the other being Bokmål . From 1885 , when the parliament declared them official and equal , until new voting in 1929 , their names were Landsmål and Riksmål . The Landsmål language standard was constructed by the Norwegian linguist Ivar Aasen during the mid - 19th century , to provide a Norwegian - based alternative to Danish , which was commonly written , and to some extent spoken , in Norway at the ___MASK8___ . The official standard ___MASK74___ Nynorsk has since been significantly altered . A minor purist fraction ___MASK74___ the Nynorsk populace has stayed firm with the Aasen norm , which is known as Høgnorsk ( analogous to High German ). ___MASK92___ (; Norwegian : ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom ___MASK74___ ___MASK92___ , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion ___MASK74___ the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island ___MASK16___ and the archipelago ___MASK74___ Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub - Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part ___MASK74___ the Kingdom . ___MASK92___ also lays claim to a section ___MASK74___ Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands ( since 1035 ), Greenland ( 1261 ), and Iceland ( 1262 ). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . An island or isle is any piece ___MASK74___ sub - continental land that is surrounded by water . Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets , skerries , cays or keys . An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait , and a small island off the coast may be called a holm . A grouping ___MASK74___ geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago , e . g . the ___MASK64___ . Bohuslän is a Swedish province in Götaland , on the northernmost part ___MASK74___ the country ' s ___MASK80___ coast . It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast , ___MASK62___ to the southeast , the Skagerrak arm ___MASK74___ the North Sea to the ___MASK80___ , and the county ___MASK74___ ___MASK42___ , in Norway , to the north .