occupation w. stanley moss
Coldstream is a town and civil parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland . It lies on the north ___MASK21___ of the River Tweed in Berwickshire , while Northumberland in England lies to the south ___MASK21___ , with Cornhill - on - Tweed the nearest village . A former burgh , Coldstream is the home of the Coldstream Guards , a regiment in the British ___MASK6___ , and is the location where Edward I of England invaded Scotland in 1296 . At the 2001 census , the town had a population of 1 , 813 , which was estimated to have risen to 2 , 050 by 2006 . The parish , in 2001 , had a population of 2 , 186 . The ___MASK73___ of Economic Warfare was a British government position which existed during the Second World War . The ___MASK73___ was in charge of the Special Operations Executive and the ___MASK71___ of Economic Warfare . Espionage ( colloquially , spying ) is the obtaining of information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information . Espionage can be committed by an individual or a ___MASK20___ ring ( a cooperating group of spies ), in the service of a government or a company , or operating independently . The practice is inherently clandestine , as it is by definition unwelcome and in many cases illegal and punishable by law . Espionage is a subset of " intelligence " gathering , which includes espionage as well as information gathering from public sources . Ice is water frozen into a solid state . Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or ___MASK38___ of air , it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish - white color . The Coldstream Guards ( COLDM GDS ) is a part of the Guards Division , Foot Guards regiments of the British ___MASK6___ . Antarctica ( US English , UK English or ) is Earth ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia . About 98 % of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . The British ___MASK6___ is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom . The force was initially administered by the War Office from London , which in 1964 was subsumed into the ___MASK71___ of Defence . The professional head of the British ___MASK6___ is the Chief of the General Staff . The Guards Division is an administrative unit of the British ___MASK6___ responsible for the administration of the regiments of Foot Guards and the London Regiment . The Guards Division is responsible for providing two public duties battalions to London District ( plus three incremental companies ); although the guards are most associated with ceremonial , they are nevertheless operational infantry battalions , and as such perform all the various roles of infantry . World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing ___MASK30___ alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and ___MASK30___ resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . In ___MASK30___ operations , reconnaissance is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and enemy presence . The Special Operations Executive ( SOE ) was a British World War II organisation . Following Cabinet approval , it was officially formed by ___MASK73___ of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940 , to conduct espionage , sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe ( and later , also in occupied Southeast Asia ) against the Axis powers , and to aid local resistance movements . Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton , Baron Dalton PC ( 16 August 1887  13 February 1962 ) was a British Labour Party ___MASK42___ and ___MASK43___ who served as ___MASK3___ of the Exchequer from 1945 to 1947 . He shaped Labour Party foreign - policy in the 1930s , opposed pacifism , promoted rearmament against the German threat , and strongly opposed the appeasement policy of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938 . He served in Churchill ' s wartime coalition cabinet . As ___MASK3___ , he pushed his cheap money policy too hard , and mishandled the sterling crisis of 1947 . Dalton ' s political position was already in jeopardy in 1947 , when , he , seemingly inadvertently , revealed a sentence of the budget to a reporter minutes before delivering his budget speech . Prime Minister Clement Attlee accepted his resignation , but he later returned to the cabinet in relatively minor positions . Ivan William Stanley `` Billy '' Moss MC ( 15 June 1921 - 9 August 1965 ) , was a British ___MASK6___ officer in World War II , and later a successful writer , broadcaster , journalist and traveller . He served with the Coldstream Guards and the Special Operations Executive ( SOE ) and is best known for the Kidnap of General Kreipe . He was a best - selling author in the 1950s , based both on his novels and books about his wartime service . His SOE years are featured in Ill Met by Moonlight : The Abduction of General Kreipe , ( also adapted as a British film released under the main title ) and A War of Shadows . Moss travelled around the world and went to Antarctica to meet the Commonwealth Trans - Antarctic Expedition . A short biography , Billy Moss : Soldier , Writer , Traveller - A Brief Life by Alan Ogden , was published in 2014 as an Afterword to A War of Shadows .