place_of_birth michael gibbs 
Orchestral jazz is a jazz genre that developed in ___MASK15___ City in the 1920s . Early innovators ___MASK85___ the genre , such as Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington , include some ___MASK85___ the most highly regarded musicians , composers , and arrangers in all ___MASK85___ jazz history . The fusion ___MASK85___ jazz ' s rhythmic and instrumental characteristics with the scale and structure ___MASK85___ an orchestra , made orchestral jazz distinct from the musical genres that preceded its emergence . Its development contributed both to the popularization ___MASK85___ jazz , as well as the critical legitimization ___MASK85___ jazz as an art form . ___MASK82___ Rhodesia was an unrecognised state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979 . ___MASK82___ Rhodesia was preceded by an unrecognized ___MASK72___ named Rhodesia and was briefly followed by the ___MASK65___ - established British colony ___MASK85___ Southern Rhodesia , which according to British constitutional theory had remained the proper government after Unilateral Declaration ___MASK85___ Independence ( UDI ) in 1965 . About three months later , the ___MASK65___ - established colony ___MASK85___ Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally recognised independence as the Republic ___MASK85___ ___MASK82___ . Michael Clement Irving Gibbs ( born September 25 , 1937 , in ___MASK81___ , ___MASK9___ ) is a jazz composer , conductor , arranger and producer as well as a trombonist and keyboardist . He is known for collaborations with vibraphonist ___MASK56___ Burton , his student , and for his use ___MASK85___ rock elements in orchestral jazz . ___MASK82___ , officially the ___MASK72___ ___MASK85___ ___MASK82___ , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres ___MASK85___ the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is ___MASK5___ . A country ___MASK85___ roughly 13 million people , ___MASK82___ has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New ___MASK33___ , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form ___MASK85___ musical expression . It emerged in the form ___MASK85___ independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds ___MASK85___ African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation ___MASK85___ jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience ___MASK85___ the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one ___MASK85___ America ' s original art forms ". ___MASK56___ Burton ( born January 23 , 1943 ) is an American jazz vibraphonist , composer and jazz educator . Burton developed a pianistic style ___MASK85___ four - mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two - mallet technique . This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator and his sound and technique are widely imitated . He is also known for pioneering fusion jazz and popularizing the duet format in jazz , as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years at the Berklee College ___MASK85___ Music . A pianist is an individual musician who plays the piano . ___MASK98___ forms ___MASK85___ Western music can make use ___MASK85___ the piano . Consequently , pianists have a wide variety ___MASK85___ repertoire and styles to choose from , including traditionally classical music , Jazz , blues and all sorts ___MASK85___ popular music , including rock music . ___MASK98___ pianists can , to a certain extent , play other keyboard - related instruments such as the synthesizer , harpsichord , celesta and the organ and keyboard . Perhaps the greatest pianist ___MASK85___ all time was Franz Liszt , whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein : " In comparison with Liszt , all other pianists are children ". Berklee College ___MASK85___ Music , located in Boston , Massachusetts , United States , is the largest independent college ___MASK85___ contemporary music in the world . Known for the study ___MASK85___ jazz and modern American music , it also offers college - level courses in a wide range ___MASK85___ contemporary and historic styles , including rock , flamenco , hip hop , reggae , salsa , and bluegrass . , Berklee alumni have been awarded a total ___MASK85___ 266 Grammy Awards . Since 2012 , Berklee College ___MASK85___ Music has also operated a campus in ___MASK84___ , Spain . The negotiations which led to the ___MASK75___ House Agreement brought recognised ___MASK97___ to ___MASK76___ ( as the ___MASK72___ ___MASK85___ Zimbabwe ) following Ian Smith ' s Unilateral Declaration ___MASK85___ Independence in 1965 . The Agreement covered the Independence Constitution , pre - ___MASK97___ arrangements , and a ceasefire . The parties represented during the conference were : the British Government , the Patriotic Front led by Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo , ZAPU ( Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ) and ZANU ( Zimbabwe African National Union ) and the Zimbabwe ___MASK76___ government , represented by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith . It was signed on 21 December 1979 . The City ___MASK85___ New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population ___MASK85___ 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area ___MASK85___ just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip ___MASK85___ the state ___MASK85___ New York , the city is the ___MASK62___ ___MASK85___ the New York metropolitan area , one ___MASK85___ the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters ___MASK85___ the United Nations , New York is an important ___MASK62___ for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital ___MASK85___ the world . ___MASK30___ of Southern Rhodesia was a self - governing British Crown colony in southern Africa from 1923 to 1980 , equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe . Following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 it existed as the self - declared , unrecognised state of Rhodesia until 1979 , when it reconstituted itself under indigenous African rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia , which also failed to win overseas recognition . After a period of interim British control following the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979 , the country achieved internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe in April 1980 . Edward Kennedy " Duke " ___MASK53___ ( April 29 , 1899  May 24 , 1974 ) was an American composer , pianist , and bandleader ___MASK85___ a jazz orchestra , which he led from 1923 until his death in a career spanning over fifty years . ___MASK76___ , commonly known from 1970 onwards as the ___MASK72___ ___MASK85___ ___MASK76___ , was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979 , equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe . With its capital in Salisbury ( now ___MASK5___ ), ___MASK76___ was considered a " de facto " successor state to the former British colony ___MASK85___ Southern ___MASK76___ ( which had achieved responsible government in 1923 ). James Fletcher ___MASK77___ Henderson , Jr . ( December 18 , 1897  December 29 , 1952 ) was an American pianist , bandleader , arranger and composer , important in the development ___MASK85___ big band jazz and swing music . He was one ___MASK85___ the most prolific black musical arrangers and , along with Duke Ellington , is considered one ___MASK85___ the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history . Henderson ' s influence was vast . He helped bridge the gap between the Dixieland and the swing eras . He was often known as Smack Henderson ( apparently because ___MASK85___ his skill as a batter playing baseball in college ). ___MASK2___ is the southernmost region ___MASK85___ the African continent , variably defined by geography or geopolitics , and including several countries . The term " southern Africa " or " ___MASK2___ ", generally includes Angola , Botswana , Lesotho , Malawi , Mozambique , Namibia , South Africa , Swaziland , Zambia , and Zimbabwe . From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power . A Crown colony , also known in the 17th century as royal colony and since 2002 known as British Overseas Territories , was a type ___MASK85___ colonial administration ___MASK85___ the overseas territories ___MASK85___ the British Empire . A unilateral declaration ___MASK85___ independence ( UDI ) is a formal process leading to the establishment ___MASK85___ a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding . The term was first used when Rhodesia declared independence in 1965 from the United Kingdom ( UK ) without an agreement with the UK .