instance_of unemployment act 1934
The Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a ___MASK82___ in western Europe from ___MASK37___ May 1707 to 31 ___MASK30___ 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a ___MASK5___ kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a ___MASK5___ parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a " Union of the Crowns ". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The Celtic ___MASK95___ (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George ' s Channel ; other limits include the Bristol Channel , the English Channel , and the ___MASK38___ of Biscay , as well as adjacent portions of Wales , Cornwall , Devon , and Brittany . The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf , which drops away sharply . The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea . A ___MASK82___ is , in ___MASK58___ , a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised ___MASK56___ that has sovereignty over a geographic area . International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population , defined territory , one ___MASK56___ , and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states . It is also normally understood that a ___MASK82___ is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state . Europe is a ___MASK57___ that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " ___MASK57___ " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the ___MASK57___ ' s current overland boundaries . The English ___MASK4___ (" the Sleeve " [ hence ] " ___MASK95___ of Brittany " " British ___MASK95___ "), also called simply the ___MASK4___ , is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France , and joins the southern part of the North ___MASK95___ to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean . Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots : "") is a top - level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland . It is variously described as a ___MASK13___ , ___MASK60___ , region , or " part " of the United Kingdom , amongst other terms . Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was ___MASK37___ , 810 , 863 , constituting about 30 % of the island ' s total population and about 3 % of the UK ' s population . Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British ___MASK56___ . Northern Ireland co - operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to " put forward views and proposals " with " determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments ". The European ___MASK71___ ( EU ) is a political and ___MASK67___ of ___MASK11___ states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal ___MASK5___ market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all ___MASK11___ states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU ___MASK11___ states which use the euro currency . The Unemployment Act 1934 was an ___MASK76___ in the United Kingdom , reaching statue on 28 June 1934 . It reduced the age at which a person entered the National ___MASK84___ scheme to 14 and made the claiming age 16 years . It also separated benefits earned by paying National ___MASK84___ and those purely based on need ( the dole ) . To do this , it established two bodies : the Unemployment ___MASK84___ Statutory Committee to deal with unemployment benefits earned by payment of National ___MASK84___ when in work ; and the Unemployment Assistance Board to provide means - tested payments for those not entitled to such benefits . Ireland ( Ulster - Scots : ) is an ___MASK44___ in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish ___MASK95___ , and St George ' s Channel . Ireland is the second - largest ___MASK44___ of the British Isles , the third - largest in Europe , and the twentieth - largest on Earth . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign ___MASK13___ in western Europe . ___MASK66___ off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the ___MASK44___ of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole ___MASK13___ ), the north - eastern part of the ___MASK44___ of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe ___MASK42___ of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North ___MASK95___ to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic ___MASK95___ to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish ___MASK95___ lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous ___MASK13___ , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated ___MASK13___ in the European Union . In the United Kingdom , National ___MASK84___ ( NI ) is a ___MASK53___ of taxes paid by workers and employers , used primarily to fund state benefits . It was initially a contributory ___MASK53___ of insurance against illness and unemployment , and later also provided retirement pensions and other benefits . It was first introduced by the National ___MASK84___ Act 1911 , expanded by the Labour ___MASK56___ in 1948 and has been subject to numerous amendments in subsequent years . The National ___MASK84___ Act 1911 is an ___MASK55___ . The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Government of 1906  1915 . The Atlantic ___MASK16___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s ___MASK18___ and about 29 percent of its ___MASK52___ ___MASK18___ area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". The Irish ___MASK95___ (, , , Ulster - Scots : " Airish ___MASK95___ "), separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain . It is connected to the Celtic ___MASK95___ in the south by St George ' s Channel , and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Channel . Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish ___MASK95___ , followed by the Isle of Man . The ___MASK95___ is occasionally , but rarely , referred to as the Manx ___MASK95___ . Great Britain , also known as Britain , is a large ___MASK44___ in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European ___MASK44___ and the ninth - largest in the world . In 2011 the ___MASK44___ had a population of about 61 million people , making it the world ' s third - most populous ___MASK44___ after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The ___MASK44___ of Ireland is situated to the west of it , and together these islands , along with over ___MASK37___ , 000 smaller surrounding islands , comprise the British Isles archipelago . Ireland , also described as the ___MASK42___ of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north - western Europe occupying about ___MASK29___ - sixths of the island of Ireland . The ___MASK97___ and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern part of the island , and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country ' s 4 . 75 million inhabitants . The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic ___MASK95___ to the south , Saint George ' s Channel to the south - east , and the Irish ___MASK95___ to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the ', consists of a lower house , ', an upper house , ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the ' ( Prime Minister , literally ' Chief ', a title not used in English ), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President , and appoints other government ministers . The North ___MASK95___ is a marginal ___MASK95___ of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain , Scandinavia , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium , and France . An epeiric ( or " shelf ") ___MASK95___ on the European continental shelf , it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian ___MASK95___ in the north . It is more than long and wide , with an area of around .