educated_at gershon galil
A ___MASK79___ ( PhD or DPhil ; Latin "") is a type of doctoral degree awarded by universities in many countries . Ph . D . s are awarded for a wide range of programs in the sciences ( e . g ., biology , chemistry , physics , mathematics , etc .), engineering , and humanities ( e . g ., history , literature , musicology , etc .), among others . The Ph . D . is a terminal degree in many fields . The completion of a Ph . D . is often a requirement for employment as a university professor , researcher , or scientist in many fields . A clear distinction is made between an " earned doctorate ", which is awarded for completion of a course of study and a thesis or dissertation , and an " honorary doctorate ", a title granted by a university to a successful or notable person who has not completed doctoral academic work or completed a dissertation at the university . Individuals with an earned doctorate can use the title of " Doctor " with their name and use the post - nominal letters " Ph . D .", " PhD " or " DPhil ". Judaism ( from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , " Yehudah ", " Judah "; in Hebrew : , " Yahadut ", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos ) encompasses the religion , philosophy , culture and way of life of the Jewish people . Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion , with the Torah as its foundational text ( part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible ), and supplemental ___MASK57___ tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud . Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel . With between 14 . 5 and 17 . 4 million adherents worldwide , Judaism is the tenth - largest religion in the world . The ___MASK21___ degree ( J . D . or JD ), also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree ( D . Jur . or DJur ), is a graduate - entry professional degree in ___MASK85___ and one of several Doctor of ___MASK85___ degrees . It is earned by completing ___MASK85___ school in ___MASK67___ , Canada and the United States , and some other common ___MASK85___ countries . It is regarded as a bachelor ' s degree in Canada , a ___MASK80___ ' s degree in ___MASK67___ and a professional doctorate in the United States . The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations ( UN ) based in Paris . Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational , scientific , and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice , the rule of ___MASK85___ , and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter . It is the heir of the League of Nations ' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation . The Doctor of ___MASK27___ ( meaning " teacher of ___MASK27___ ," abbreviated M . D .) is a terminal medical degree for practitioners of ___MASK27___ . The meaning of the degree varies between different countries . In countries that follow the United States system , the M . D . denotes a first professional graduate degree awarded upon initial graduation from medical school . In countries that follow the tradition of the United Kingdom , the M . D . denotes a research doctorate , higher doctorate , honorary doctorate or advanced clinical coursework degree restricted to medical graduates . In those countries , the title of the equivalent first professional degree is Bachelor of ___MASK27___ , Bachelor of Surgery . The ___MASK86___ (" Ha - Universita ha - Ivrit bi - Yerushalayim " " Al - Jami ' ah al - Ibriyyah fi al - Quds "; abbreviated HUJI ) is Israel ' s second oldest university established in 1918 , 30 years before the State of Israel . The Hebrew University has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot . The world ' s largest Jewish studies library is located on its Edmond J . Safra Givat Ram campus . Gershon Galil is Professor of Biblical Studies and Ancient History and former chair of the Department of Jewish History at the ___MASK88___ , Mount Carmel , Haifa , Israel . He received his doctorate at Hebrew University in Jerusalem . His work , The Chronology of the Kings of Israel and Judah , suggests a new chronology for the kings of ancient Israel and ancient Judah . His thesis was published by Brill Academic Publishers in 1996 and his chronology contrasts with those presented by the more traditional William F . Albright or Edwin R . Thiele . He has published extensively on Ancient Near Eastern Culture and History including : Israel and Assyria ( Hebrew ; Zmora - Bitan , 2001 ) ; The Lower Stratum Families in the Neo - Assyrian Period ( BRILL , 2007 ) and more . He also co - edited two volumes of the Supplement to Vetus Tesatamentum : Studies in Historical Geography and Biblical Historiography presented to Zecharia Kallai ( with M . Weinfeld , Brill , 2000 ) ; and Homeland and Exile : Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of Bustenay Oded ( with M . Geller and A . Millard , Brill , 2009 ) . The ___MASK88___ is a public research university on the top of Mount Carmel in Haifa , Israel . The university was founded in 1963 by the mayor of its host city , Abba Hushi , to operate under the academic auspices of the ___MASK86___ . A university (" a whole ", " a corporation ") is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects . Universities typically provide ___MASK98___ and postgraduate education . A doctorate ( from Latin " docere ", " to teach ") or doctor ' s degree ( from Latin " doctor ", " teacher ") or doctoral degree ( from the ancient formalism " licentia docendi ") is an academic degree awarded by universities that is , in most countries , a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree ' s field , or to work in a specific profession . There are a variety of doctoral degrees , with the most common being the ___MASK79___ ( PhD ), which is awarded in many different fields , ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines . There are also some doctorates in the US , such as the Juris Doctor ( JD ), Doctor of Nursing Practice ( DNP ) and the Doctor of Medicine ( MD ), which are generally regarded internationally as professional degrees rather than doctorates , as they are not research degrees and no defense of any dissertation or thesis is performed . Many universities also award " honorary doctorates " to individuals who have been deemed worthy of special recognition , either for scholarly work or for other contributions to the university or to society . A thesis or dissertation is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author ' s research and findings . In some contexts , the word " thesis " or a cognate is used for part of a bachelor ' s or ___MASK80___ ' s course , while " dissertation " is normally applied to a doctorate , while in other contexts , the reverse is true . The term graduate thesis is sometimes used to refer to both ___MASK80___ ' s theses and doctoral dissertations . Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human culture . In the Middle Ages , the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics , the main area of secular study in universities at the time . ___MASK8___ , the humanities are more frequently contrasted with natural and sometimes social sciences as well as professional training . A professional degree , sometimes known as a first professional degree , is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession , often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation . Professional degrees may be either graduate or undergraduate entry , depending on the profession concerned and the country , and may be classified as bachelor ' s , ___MASK80___ ' s or doctoral degrees . For a variety of reasons , professional degrees may bear the name of a different level of qualification from their classification on qualifications frameworks , e . g . some UK professional degrees are named bachelor ' s but are at ___MASK80___ ' s level , while some Australian and Canadian professional degrees have the name " doctor " but are classified as ___MASK80___ ' s or bachelor ' s degrees . Jerusalem , is a city located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea . One of the oldest cities in the world , Jerusalem was named as "" Urusalima "" on ancient Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets , probably meaning " City of Shalem " after a Canaanite deity , during the early Canaanite period ( approximately 2400 BCE ). During the Israelite period , significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE ( Iron Age II ), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah . It is considered a holy city in the three major Abrahamic religions of Judaism , Christianity and Islam . Mount Carmel (" Har HaKarmel " " Har ha Karmell " (" lit ." God ' s vineyard ) " Kurmul " or    " Jabal Mar Elyas " ' Mount Saint Elias ') is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast . The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve and a number of towns are located there , most notably the city of Haifa , Israel ' s third largest city , located on the northern slope . An academic degree is a qualification awarded on successful completion of a course of study in higher education , normally at a college or university . These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels , typically including bachelor ' s , ___MASK80___  s and doctorates , often alongside other academic certificates , and professional degrees . The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor ' s degree , although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees ( e . g . associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK ) while in others a higher - level first degree is more usual . The Doctor of Nursing Practice ( DNP ) is a terminal professional degree in nursing . The DNP is one of two doctorate degrees in nursing , the other being the PhD ( ___MASK79___ in Nursing ). The curriculum for the DNP degree builds on traditional ___MASK80___ ' s programs by providing education in evidence - based practice , quality improvement , and systems leadership . Furthermore , the DNP is intended to be a parity degree with other health care doctorates such as medicine , dentistry , psychology , etc . Advanced practice registered nurses ( APRNs ) include the nurse practitioner ( NP ), certified registered nurse anesthetist ( CRNA ), certified nurse midwife ( CNM ), and the clinical nurse specialist ( CNS ) and are prepared in ___MASK80___ ' s - degree programs that often carry a credit load equivalent to doctoral degrees in the other health professions . Although approximately 52 % of nurse anesthetist programs will award the DNP , the remaining 48 % may use the title Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice ( DNAP ). Abba Hushi ( Also : Aba Khoushy born Abba Schneller ; 1898  24 March 1969 ) was an Israeli politician who served as mayor of Haifa for eighteen years between 1951 and 1969 . Hushi was one of the founders and activists of Hashomer Hatzair movement in Poland . In July 1920 , he immigrated to Mandate Palestine with a group of 130 Jewish pioneers . There he took the Hebrew surname " Hushi " [" speedy "], a translation of his original name , Schneller . He built roads and drained swamps , and helped to found kibbutz Beit Alfa . He was one of the founding members of the Histadrut labor federation . In 1927 , he settled in Haifa and joined the Ahdut HaAvoda party , which later merged with Mapai . He was secretary of the Haifa Workers Council from 1931 to 1951 . Hushi was elected to Israel ' s first Knesset in 1949 as a member of Mapai . Before the 1951 elections , he left the government to become mayor of Haifa . As mayor , he helped to found the ___MASK88___ , the Haifa Theatre , the Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art , the Mane - Katz Museum and the Carmelit ( Haifa ' s funicular railway ).