country truso
The North Sea is a marginal sea of the ___MASK18___ located between Great Britain , Scandinavia , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium , and France . An epeiric ( or " shelf ") sea on the European continental shelf , it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north . It is more than long and wide , with an area of around . Peter Andrew Kollman ( Iowa City , July 24 , 1944  San Francisco , May 25 , 2001 ) was a professor of chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of ___MASK68___ , San Francisco . ___MASK79___ , officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia , bordering ___MASK26___ and the Mediterranean Sea to the west , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south , and Israel to the southwest . ___MASK79___ ' s capital and largest city is Damascus . The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea . Prehistoric trade routes between Northern and Southern Europe were defined by the amber trade . As an important raw material , sometimes dubbed " the gold of the north ", amber was transported from the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts overland by way of the Vistula and Dnieper rivers to ___MASK8___ , ___MASK46___ , the Black Sea , ___MASK79___ and Egypt thousands of years ago , and long after . ___MASK75___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK75___ , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic Sea , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of ___MASK75___ is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , ___MASK75___ is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . ___MASK75___ is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . Gdask ( German : ) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast . It is the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship , ___MASK75___ ' s principal seaport and is also the centre of the country ' s fourth - largest metropolitan area . The University of ___MASK68___ , San Francisco ( UCSF ), is a center of health sciences research , patient care , and education devoted solely to graduate education and located in San Francisco , ___MASK68___ . The UCSF School of Medicine is one of the most selective medical schools in the ___MASK35___ based on average MCAT score , GPA , and acceptance rate . In 2015 , 7 , 393 people applied and 437 were interviewed for 149 positions in the entering class . UCSF is ranked 3rd among research - oriented medical schools in the ___MASK35___ and ranked 3rd for primary care by " U . S . News and World Report ," making it the only medical school to achieve a top - 5 ranking in both categories . UCSF is currently ranked 2nd among medical schools in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities ( Clinical Medicine , 2015 ). In geography , latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north  south position of a point on the Earth ' s surface . Latitude is an angle ( defined below ) which ranges from 0 ° at the Equator to 90 ° ( North or South ) at the poles . Lines of constant latitude , or parallels , run east  west as circles parallel to the equator . Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth . Approximations employed . Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definition of these coordinates . In the first step the physical surface is modelled by the geoid , a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses . The second step is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface . The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere , but the geoid is more accurately modelled by an ellipsoid . The definitions of latitude and longitude on such reference surfaces are detailed in the following sections . Lines of constant latitude and longitude together constitute a graticule on the reference surface . The latitude of a point on the " actual " surface is that of the corresponding point on the reference surface , the correspondence being along the normal to the reference surface which passes through the point on the physical surface . Latitude and longitude together with some specification of height constitute a ___MASK85___ as defined in the specification of the ISO 19111 standard . Elblg County is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( powiat ) in Warmian - Masurian Voivodeship , northern ___MASK75___ . It came into being on January 1 , 1999 , as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998 . Its administrative seat is the city of Elblg , although the city is not part of the county ( it constitutes a separate city county ). The county contains three towns : Pask , east of Elblg , Tolkmicko , north of Elblg , and Mynary , north - east of Elblg . Riga is the capital and the largest city of ___MASK69___ . With 696 , 593 inhabitants ( 2015 ), Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states and home to one third of ___MASK69___ ' s population . The city lies on the Gulf of Riga , at the mouth of the Daugava . Riga ' s territory covers and lies between above sea level , on a flat and sandy plain . The Gulf of Riga , Bay of Riga , or Gulf of Livonia is a bay of the Baltic Sea between ___MASK69___ and Estonia . Elblg Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in ___MASK75___ from 1975 to 1998 , superseded by the Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Warmian - Masurian Voivodeship . Its capital city was Elblg . A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land . More broadly , " the sea " is the interconnected system of Earth ' s salty , oceanic waters  considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions . The sea moderates Earth ' s climate and has important roles in the water cycle , ___MASK55___ cycle , and nitrogen cycle . Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory , the modern scientific study of the sea  oceanography  dates broadly to the British " Challenger " expedition of the 1870s . The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections  including the International Hydrographic Organization ' s four named oceans ( the Atlantic , Pacific , Indian , and Arctic ) and the Southern Ocean ; smaller , second - order sections , such as the Mediterranean , are known as " seas ". The State University of New York at Stony Brook ( also known as Stony Brook University , SUNY Stony Brook , SBU ) is a public sea - grant and space - grant research university located in Stony Brook , New York in the ___MASK35___ . It is part of the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system . The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia , bounded by ___MASK27___ , Georgia , ___MASK49___ , ___MASK80___ , ___MASK38___ , and Ukraine . It is supplied by a number of major rivers , such as the Danube , Dnieper , Rioni , Southern Bug , and Dniester . The Black Sea has an area of ( not including the Sea of Azov ), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east , and features a wide shelf to the northwest . The longest east - west extent is about . The Great Belt ,, is a strait between the major islands of Zealand (" Sjælland ") and Funen (" Fyn ") in ___MASK21___ . It is one of the three Danish Straits . The University of Utah ( also referred to as the U , the U of U , or Utah ) is a public coeducational space - grant research university in Salt Lake City , Utah , ___MASK35___ . As the state ' s flagship university , the university offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified in the highest ranking : " R - 1 : Doctoral Universities  Highest Research Activity " by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . The Carnegie Classification also considers the university as " selective ", which is its second most selective admissions category . Graduate studies include the S . J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah ' s only medical school . As of Fall 2015 , there are 23 , 909 undergraduate students and 7 , 764 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 31 , 673 . The North European Plain ( or ), or Middle European Plain is a geomorphological region in Europe , mostly in ___MASK75___ , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , the Netherlands ( Low Countries ), and a small part of northern France . The name Gdask Voivodeship has been used twice to designate local governments in ___MASK75___ . ___MASK19___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK19___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK19___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies ___MASK32___ , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although ___MASK32___ and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK19___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation . The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea . It is situated between ___MASK43___ ' s west coast and ___MASK94___ ' s east coast . In the south of the gulf lie the ___MASK45___ , between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea . Elblg is a city in northern ___MASK75___ on the eastern edge of the uawy region with 124 , 257 inhabitants ( December 31 , 2011 ). It is the capital of Elblg County and has been assigned ( since 1999 ) to the Warmian - Masurian Voivodeship . Previously it was the capital of Elblg Voivodeship ( 1975  1998 ) and a county seat within Gdask Voivodeship ( 1945  1975 ). The Kattegat or Kattegatt is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west , the Danish straits islands of ___MASK21___ to the south and the provinces of Västergötland , Scania , Halland and Bohuslän in Sweden in the east . The Baltic Sea drains into the Kattegat through the Danish Straits . The sea area is a continuation of the Skagerrak and may be seen as a bay of the Baltic Sea or the North Sea or , as in traditional Scandinavian usage , neither of these . The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the ___MASK18___ , enclosed by Scandinavia , Finland , the Baltic countries , and the North European Plain . It includes the Gulf of Bothnia , the Bay of Bothnia , the Gulf of Finland , the Gulf of Riga , and the Bay of Gdask . The sea stretches from 53 ° N to 66 ° N latitude and from 10 ° E to 30 ° E longitude . A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic , with limited water exchange between the two bodies , the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund , the Great Belt , and the Little Belt . The ___MASK18___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". The Little Belt is a strait between the island of Funen and the Jutland Peninsula in ___MASK21___ . It is one of the three Danish Straits that drain and connect the Baltic Sea to the Kattegat strait , which drains west to the North Sea and ___MASK18___ . ___MASK43___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK43___ , is a sovereign state in Northern Europe . A peninsula with the Gulf of ___MASK43___ to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west , the country has land borders with ___MASK94___ to the northwest , ___MASK87___ to the north , and ___MASK80___ to the east . Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of ___MASK43___ . ___MASK43___ is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia , which also includes Scandinavia . ___MASK43___ ' s population is 5 . 5 million ( 2014 ), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades . The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region . In terms of area , it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the ___MASK72___ . The Mediterranean Sea ( pronounced ) is a sea connected to the ___MASK18___ , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North Africa , and on the east by the Levant . The sea is sometimes considered a part of the ___MASK18___ , although it is usually identified as a separate body of water . Rutgers , The State University of New ___MASK82___ , commonly referred to as Rutgers University , Rutgers , or RU , is an American public research university and the largest institution for higher education in New ___MASK82___ . Warmia ( Latin : " Varmia ") is a historical region in northern ___MASK75___ . Øresund or Öresund is a strait which forms the Danish  Swedish border , separating Sjælland ( ___MASK21___ ) from Skåne ( Sweden ). The strait has a length of and the width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in ___MASK21___ and Helsingborg in Sweden . Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement ( AMBER ) is a family of force fields for molecular dynamics of biomolecules originally developed by Peter Kollman ' s group at the University of ___MASK68___ , San Francisco . AMBER is also the name for the molecular dynamics software package that simulates these force fields . It is maintained by an active collaboration between David Case at Rutgers University , Tom Cheatham at the University of Utah , Tom Darden at NIEHS , Ken Merz at Michigan State University , Carlos Simmerling at Stony Brook University , Ray Luo at UC Irvine , and Junmei Wang at Encysive Pharmaceuticals . Marija Gimbutas ( January 23 , 1921  February 2 , 1994 ), was a Lithuanian - American archaeologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of " Old Europe " and for her Kurgan hypothesis , which located the Proto - Indo - European homeland in the Pontic Steppe . Truso , situated on Lake Druno , was an Old Prussian ( Pomesanian ) town near the Baltic Sea just east of the Vistula River . It was one of the trading posts on the Amber Road , and is thought to be the antecedent of the city of Elblg ( Elbing ) . In the words of Marija Gimbutas , `` the name of the town is the earliest known historically in the Baltic Sea area '' . The main export goods of Truso were amber , furs , and slaves , while blacksmithing and amber working were the major industries . The beginnings of the town can be dated back to approximately the end of the 8th century , while in the second half of the 10th century , the town declined and was eclipsed as a trade center by nearby Gdask . Carlos Simmerling is a full Professor of Chemistry at the State University of New York at Stony Brook . He is Associate Director of the Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology . Simmerling received his Bachelor of Arts in 1991 from the University of Illinois at Chicago and then his Doctorate in 1994 from the same institution . His postdoctoral work was performed at the University of ___MASK68___ , San Francisco under the direction of Peter Kollman . His primary field of interest is computational structural biology with a focus on methods of conformational sampling and protein structure prediction . He is a member of the AMBER development team . ___MASK8___ , officially the ___MASK29___ , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , ___MASK8___ shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , ___MASK54___ , Slovenia , San Marino and Vatican City . ___MASK8___ covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in ___MASK8___ as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . The Gulf of ___MASK43___ is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea . It extends between ___MASK43___ ( to the north ) and ___MASK60___ ( to the south ) all the way to Saint Petersburg in ___MASK80___ , where the river Neva drains into it . Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn . The eastern parts of the Gulf of ___MASK43___ belong to ___MASK80___ , and some of ___MASK80___ ' s most important oil harbours are located farthest in , near Saint Petersburg ( including Primorsk ). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg , the Gulf of ___MASK43___ has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to ___MASK80___ . Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf . Warmian - Masurian Voivodeship or Warmia - Masuria Province ( in ), is a voivodeship ( province ) in northeastern ___MASK75___ . Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn . The voivodeship has an area of and a population of 1 , 427 , 091 ( as of 2006 ). The Neolithic Age , Era , or Period , or New Stone Age , was a period in the development of human technology , beginning about 10 , 200 BC , according to the ASPRO chronology , in some parts of the ___MASK90___ , and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4 , 500 and 2 , 000 BC . Longitude ( or , Australian and British also ), is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east - west position of a point on the Earth ' s surface . It is an angular measurement , usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (  ). Meridians ( lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole ) connect points with the same longitude . By convention , one of these , the Prime Meridian , which passes through the Royal Observatory , Greenwich , ___MASK63___ , was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude . The longitude of other places is measured as the angle east or west from the Prime Meridian , ranging from 0 ° at the Prime Meridian to + 180 ° eastward and  180 ° westward . Specifically , it is the angle between a plane containing the Prime Meridian and a plane containing the North Pole , South Pole and the location in question . ( This forms a right - handed coordinate system with the axis ( right hand thumb ) pointing from the Earth ' s center toward the North Pole and the axis ( right hand index finger ) extending from Earth ' s center through the equator at the Prime Meridian .) ___MASK46___ (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe . ___MASK46___ ' s population is approximately 10 . 955 million as of 2015 . Athens is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki .