occupation rae luckock
Toronto is the most populous city in ___MASK82___ , the provincial capital of Ontario , and the centre of the Greater Toronto Area , the most populous metropolitan area in ___MASK82___ . Growing in population , the 2011 census recorded a population of 2 , 615 , 060 . As of 2015 , the population is now estimated at 2 , 826 , 498 , making Toronto the fourth - largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits . Toronto trails only Mexico City , New York City , and Los Angeles by this measure , while it is the fifth - largest ( behind also Chicago ) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city , Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and widely recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . ___MASK82___ ( French : ) is a country in the northern half of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering , making it the world ' s second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area . ___MASK82___ ' s border with the United States is the world ' s longest land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . ___MASK82___ is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . About four - fifths of the country ' s population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border . Its capital is Ottawa , its largest city is Toronto ; other ___MASK22___ urban areas include Montreal , Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Donald Cameron MacDonald , ( December 7 , 1913  March 8 , 2008 ) was a long time Canadian ___MASK66___ and political party leader and had been referred to as the " Best premier Ontario never had ." He represented the provincial riding of York South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1955 to 1982 . From 1953 to 1970 he was the leader of the social democratic Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( Ontario Section ) and its successor , the Ontario New Democratic Party . Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago , is the third - most populous city in the United States , and the fifth - most populous city in North America . With over 2 . 7 million residents , it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States , and the county seat of ___MASK77___ County . The Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland , has nearly 10 million people and is the third - largest in the U . S . The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario ( also known as the Parliament of Ontario ), the other being the ___MASK50___ ___MASK75___ of Ontario . The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec . The Assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queen ' s Park in the provincial capital of Toronto . Dementia , also known as senility , is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person ' s daily functioning . Other common symptoms include emotional problems , problems with language , and a decrease in motivation . A person ' s consciousness is usually not affected . A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person ' s usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging . These diseases also have a significant effect on a person ' s caregivers . The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer ' s disease , which makes up 50 % to 70 % of cases . Other common types include vascular dementia ( 25 %), Lewy body dementia ( 15 %), and frontotemporal dementia . Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus , Parkinson ' s disease , syphilis , and Creutzfeldt  Jakob disease among others . More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person . A small proportion of cases run in families . In the DSM - 5 , dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder , with various degrees of severity . Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes . The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test . Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , and obesity . Screening the ___MASK79___ population for the disorder is not recommended . There is no cure for dementia . Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disorder . Overall benefit , however , may be minor . For people with dementia and those who care for them many measures can improve their lives . Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate . Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important . Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes . Treatment of behavioral problems with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to the little benefit and side effects , including an increased risk of death . Globally , dementia affects 47 . 5 million people . About 10 % of people develop the disorder at some point in their lives . It becomes more common with age . About 3 % of people between the ages of 65  74 have dementia , 19 % between 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age . In 2013 dementia resulted in about 1 . 7 million deaths up from 0 . 8 million in 1990 . As more people are living longer , dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole . For people of a specific age , however , it may be becoming less frequent , at least in the developed world , due to a decrease in risk factors . It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old . It is believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD a year . People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary , raising issues of ___MASK28___ . Social stigma against those affected is common . The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical spread during the Cold War . It was first announced to Congress by ___MASK48___ Harry S . Truman on March 12 , 1947 and further developed on July 12 , 1948 when he pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey . American ___MASK49___ force was usually not involved , but Congress appropriated free gifts of financial aid to support the economies and the ___MASK49___ of Greece and Turkey . More generally , the Truman doctrine implied American support for other nations threatened by Soviet communism . The Truman Doctrine became the foundation of American foreign policy , and led , in 1949 , to the formation of NATO , a ___MASK49___ alliance that is still in effect . Historians often use Truman ' s speech to date the start of the Cold War . Truman told Congress that " it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures ." Truman reasoned that because the totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States . Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War ( 1946  49 ). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed , they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region . Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals , it was necessary to help both equally even though the threat to Greece was more immediate . Historian Eric Foner argues the Truman Doctrine " set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world , no matter how undemocratic , and for the creation of a set of global ___MASK49___ alliances directed against the Soviet Union ." Saskatchewan ( or ) is a prairie and boreal province in west - central ___MASK82___ , the only province without natural borders . It has an area of , nearly 10 percent of which is fresh water , composed mostly of rivers , reservoirs , and the province ' s 100 , 000 lakes . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance , is an intergovernmental ___MASK49___ alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949 . The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party . Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear - weapon states : the United States , France and the ___MASK46___ . NATO ' s headquarters are located in Haren , Brussels , Belgium , where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides . Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe , the newest of which , Albania and Croatia , joined in April 2009 . An additional 22 countries participate in NATO ' s Partnership for Peace program , with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes . The combined ___MASK49___ spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70 % of the global total . Members ' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2 % of GDP . The Cold War was a state of political and ___MASK49___ tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc ( the Soviet Union and its satellite states ) and powers in the Western Bloc ( the United States , its NATO allies and others ). Historians do not fully agree on the dates , but a common timeframe is the period ( the second half of the 20th century ) between 1947 , the year the Truman Doctrine ( a U . S . policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism ) was announced , and 1991 , the year the Soviet Union collapsed . The Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( Ontario Section )  The ___MASK39___ - Labor Party of Ontario , or more commonly known as the Ontario CCF , was a democratic ___MASK81___ political party that existed from 1932 to 1961 . It was the provincial wing of the national CCF . The party had no leader in the beginning , and was governed by a provincial council and executive . The party first Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) was elected by voters in the 1934 Ontario general election . In the 1937 general election , no CCF members were elected to the Ontario Legislature . In 1942 , the party elected Toronto lawyer Ted Jolliffe as its first leader . He led the party to within a few seats of forming the government in the 1943 general election ; instead , it formed the Official Opposition . In that election , the first two women were elected as CCFers to the Ontario Legislature , Agnes Macphail and Rae Luckock . The 1945 election was a setback , as the party lost most of its seats in the Legislature , including Jolliffe ' s seat . The party again became the Official Opposition after the 1948 general election , and defeated the Conservative premier George Drew in hisseat , when Bill Temple unexpectedly won in the High Park constituency . The middle and late 1940s were the peak years for the Ontario CCF . After that time , its electoral performances were dismal , as it was reduced to a rump of two seats in the 1951 election , three seats in the 1955 election , and five seats in the 1959 election . Jolliffe stepped down as leader in 1953 , and was replaced by Donald C . MacDonald . The National Assembly of Quebec is the legislative body of the Province of Quebec in ___MASK82___ . Legislators are called MNAs ( Members of the National Assembly ). The ___MASK50___ ___MASK75___ , and the National Assembly compose the Legislature of Quebec , which operates in a fashion similar to those of other Westminster - style parliamentary systems . Los Angeles ( Spanish for " The Angels "), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L . A ., is the second - most populous city in the United States ( after New York City ), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County . Situated in Southern California , Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate , ethnic ___MASK24___ , sprawling metropolis , and as a major center of the American ___MASK12___ industry . Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over . Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) is a long - term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called " parkinsonism ", or a " parkinsonian syndrome ". The cause of Parkinson ' s disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family ___MASK63___ affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build - up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson ' s disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L - DOPA ( levodopa ), with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non - movement - related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2013 , PD was present in 53 million people and resulted in about 103 , 000 deaths globally . Parkinson ' s disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 40 or 50 , it is called young onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English ___MASK97___ James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in " An Essay on the Shaking Palsy ", in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson ' s Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public ' s awareness of the condition include ___MASK19___ Michael J . Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali . James Parkinson FGS ( 11 April 175521 December 1824 ) was an English ___MASK98___ , ___MASK87___ , geologist , palaeontologist , and political activist . He is most famous for his 1817 work , " An Essay on the Shaking Palsy " in which he was the first to describe " paralysis agitans ", a condition that would later be renamed Parkinson ' s disease by Jean - Martin Charcot . Michael Andrew Fox , OC ( born June 9 , 1961 ), known as Michael J . Fox , is a Canadian - American ___MASK19___ , author , ___MASK37___ , and activist . With a film and television career spanning from the 1970s , Fox is best known for such roles as Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom " Spin City " ( 1996  2000 ), for which he won an Emmy , three Golden Globes , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . Other notable roles have included Marty McFly from the " Back to the Future " trilogy ( 1985  1990 ); and Alex P . Keaton from NBC ' s " Family Ties " ( 1982  1989 ), for which he won three Emmys and a Golden Globe . Edward Bigelow " Ted " Jolliffe , QC ( March 2 , 1909  March 18 , 1998 ) was a Canadian social democratic ___MASK66___ and lawyer from Ontario . He was the first leader of the Ontario section of the Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) and leader of the Official Opposition in the Ontario Legislature during the 1940s and 1950s . He was a Rhodes Scholar in the mid - 1930s , and came back to Canada to help the CCF , after his studies were complete and being called to the bar in England and Ontario . After politics , he practised labour law in Toronto and would eventually become a labour adjudicator . In retirement , he moved to British Columbia , where he died in 1998 . The Ontario Legislative Building is a structure in central Toronto , Ontario that houses the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , as well as the viceregal suite of the ___MASK50___ ___MASK75___ of Ontario and offices for members of the provincial parliament ( MPPs ). The building is surrounded by Queen ' s Park , sitting on that part south of Wellesley Street , which is the former site of King ' s College ( later the University of Toronto ), and which is leased from the university by the provincial Crown for a " peppercorn " payment of CAD $ 1 per annum on a 999 - year term . Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of ___MASK82___ , is located in east - central ___MASK82___ . It is ___MASK82___ ' s most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second - largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth - largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation ' s capital city , Ottawa , and the nation ' s most populous city , Toronto . The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated ___MASK22___ city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and ___MASK12___ , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world . The ___MASK3___ , officially the Union of Soviet ___MASK81___ Republics ( USSR " ) was a ___MASK81___ state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A union of multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The ___MASK3___ was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Western Bloc or Capitalist Bloc during the Cold War refers to the countries allied with the NATO against the ___MASK3___ and its allies . The latter were referred to as the " Eastern Bloc ", a more common term in English than " Western Bloc ". The governments and press of the Western Bloc were more inclined to refer to themselves as the " Free World " or the " Western world ". " Western Europe " is a controversial term used to refer to democratic countries in Europe during the Cold War , but the concept is sometimes still used for quick reference by the media . The League for Social Reconstruction ( LSR ) was a circle of Canadian ___MASK81___ intellectuals officially formed in 1932 , though it had its beginnings during a camping retreat in 1931 . These academics were advocating radical social and economic reforms and political education . Industrialization , urbanization , war , and the Great Depression provoked formation of the LSR . Industrialization promoted urbanization , and the creation of elaborate bureaucratic systems , and , from the perspective of the LSR , here began the problem . The complexities of economy and society had grown , but government was infused with laissez - faire ideology and did not regulate finance or industry , or , as the LSR believed , government regulations suited private rather than public interest . Pesticides are chemicals that are meant to kill pests . The term pesticide includes all of the following : herbicide , insecticide , insect growth regulator , nematicide , termiticide , molluscicide , piscicide , avicide , rodenticide , predacide , bactericide , insect repellent , animal repellent , antimicrobial , fungicide , disinfectant ( antimicrobial ), and sanitizer . The most common of these are herbicides which account for approximately 80 % of all pesticide use . Most pesticides are intended to serve as plant protection products ( also known as crop protection products ), which in ___MASK79___ , protect plants from weeds , fungi , or insects . Emotion , in everyday speech , is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure . Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition . Emotion is often intertwined with mood , temperament , personality , disposition , and motivation . In some theories , cognition is an important aspect of emotion . Those ___MASK47___ primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking , but mental processes are still essential , particularly in the interpretation of events . For example , the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the subsequent arousal of our body ' s nervous system ( rapid heartbeat and breathing , sweating , muscle tension ) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid . Other theories , however , claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition . Agnes Campbell Macphail ( March 24 , 1890  February 13 , 1954 ) was a Canadian ___MASK66___ who was elected to the Canadian House of Commons from 1921 to 1940 . She was the first woman to be elected to parliament . From 1943 to 1945 and again from 1948 to 1951 she was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario representing the Toronto riding of York East . Active throughout her life in progressive Canadian politics , Macphail worked for two separate parties and promoted her ideas through column - writing , activist organizing , and legislation . The Eastern Bloc was the group of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe , generally the ___MASK3___ and the countries of the Warsaw Pact . The terms Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc were also used to denote groupings of states aligned with the ___MASK3___ , although these terms might include states outside Central and Eastern Europe . Deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) is a neurosurgical procedure introduced in 1987 , involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator ( sometimes referred to as a ' brain pacemaker '), which sends electrical impulses , through implanted electrodes , to specific targets in the brain ( brain nuclei ) for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders . DBS in select brain regions has provided therapeutic benefits for otherwise - treatment - resistant disorders such as Parkinson ' s disease , essential tremor , dystonia , chronic pain , ___MASK22___ depression and obsessive  compulsive disorder ( OCD ). Despite the long history of DBS , its underlying principles and mechanisms are still not clear . DBS directly changes brain activity in a controlled manner , its effects are reversible ( unlike those of lesioning techniques ), and it is one of only a few neurosurgical methods that allow blinded studies . Margaret Rae Morrison Luckock ( October 15 , 1893 -- January 24 , 1972 ) known as Rae Luckock was a ___MASK56___ , social ___MASK54___ ___MASK57___ , ___MASK10___ and , with Agnes Macphail , one of the first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , in 1943 . A member of the Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( Ontario Section ) , also known as the Ontario CCF , Luckock was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1943 Ontario general election representing Toronto ' s Bracondale constituency ( riding ) . She served as a Member of Provincial Parliament ( MPP ) until she was defeated in the 1945 Ontario general election . She became the Canadian Congress of Women ' s founding president in 1950 , and became a victim of the Cold War ' s anti - communist hysteria when she was denied entry into the United States , because she travelled to `` Red '' China and invited Soviet women to visit Canada . She contracted Parkinson ' s disease in the mid - 1950s and mostly was bedridden until her death in 1972 . The Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) ( from 1955 the "") was a social - democratic and democratic ___MASK81___ political party in Canada . The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary , Alberta , by a number of ___MASK81___ , agrarian , co - operative , and labour groups , and the League for Social Reconstruction . In 1944 , the CCF formed the first social - democratic government in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan . In 1961 , the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party ( NDP ). The full , but little used , name of the party was Co - operative Commonwealth Federation ( Farmer - Labour - ___MASK81___ ). Davis Phinney ( born July 10 , 1959 in Boulder , Colorado ) is a former professional road ___MASK9___ from the United States . He was a brazen ___MASK31___ and the star of the 7 - Eleven Cycling Team in the 1980s and early  90s , and is the ___MASK7___ in race victories by an American , with 328 . In 1986 , he became the second American to win a stage at the Tour de France , while riding for American - based 7 - Eleven . His racing career spanned two decades and included two stage victories in the Tour de France , a United States National Road Race Championships title , and the 1984 Olympic Bronze Medal in the Men ' s 100 km Team Time Trial along with Ron Kiefel , Roy Knickman , and Andrew Weaver . The Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) is the most populous metropolitan area in ___MASK82___ . At the 2011 census , it had a population of 6 , 054 , 191 , and the census metropolitan area had a population of 5 , 583 , 064 . The Greater Toronto Area is defined as the central city of Toronto , and the four regional municipalities that surround it : Durham , Halton , Peel , and York . The regional span of the Greater Toronto Area is sometimes combined with the city of Hamilton , Ontario and its surrounding region , to form the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area . The Greater Toronto Area is the northern part of the Golden Horseshoe . The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world , but under heavy political , economic and ___MASK49___ influence or control from another country . The term was coined by analogy to planetary objects orbiting a larger object , such as smaller moons revolving around larger planets , and is used mainly to refer to Central and Eastern European countries of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War or to Mongolia between 1924 and 1990 , for example . As used for Central and Eastern European countries it implies that the countries in question were " satellites " under the hegemony of the Soviet Union . In some contexts it also refers to other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War  such as North Korea ( especially in the years surrounding the Korean War of 1950  1953 ) and Cuba ( particularly after it joined the Comecon in 1972 ). In Western usage , the term has seldom been applied to states other than those in the Soviet orbit . In Soviet usage , the term applied to the states in the orbit of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy . Muhammad Ali ( born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr .; January 17 , 1942  June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional ___MASK70___ and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917 . This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the ___MASK67___ not to grant knighthoods , baronetcies , and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries . Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada . World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing ___MASK49___ alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and ___MASK49___ resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history .