occupation georgina parkinson
The Royal Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company , based at the Royal ___MASK89___ House in Covent Garden , London , UK . The largest of the four ___MASK48___ ballet companies in Great Britain , the Royal Ballet was founded in 1931 by Dame Ninette de Valois , it became the resident ballet company of the Royal ___MASK89___ House in 1946 and was granted a royal charter in 1956 , becoming recognised as Britain ' s flagship national ballet company . Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia . It has since become a widespread , highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology . It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres . Becoming a ___MASK75___ requires years of training . Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world , which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art . Covent Garden ( or ) is a district in London on the eastern fringes of the West End , between St Martin ' s Lane and Drury Lane . It is associated with the former fruit - and - vegetable market in the central square , now a popular shopping and tourist site , and with the Royal ___MASK89___ House , which is also known as " Covent Garden ". The district is divided by the main thoroughfare of Long Acre , north of which is given over to independent shops centred on Neal ' s Yard and Seven Dials , while the south contains the central square with its street performers and most of the elegant buildings , theatres and ___MASK1___ facilities , including the London Transport Museum and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane . ___MASK4___ Petersburg is Russia ' s second - largest city after Moscow , with five million inhabitants in 2012 , and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea . It is politically incorporated as a federal subject ( a federal city ). Situated on the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea , it was founded by ___MASK12___ Peter the Great on May . In 1914 , the name was changed from ___MASK4___ Petersburg to Petrograd , in 1924 to Leningrad , and in 1991 back to ___MASK4___ Petersburg . Between 1713  1728 and 1732  1918 , ___MASK4___ Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia . In 1918 , the central government bodies moved to Moscow . Georgina Parkinson ( 20 August 1938 -- 18 December 2009 ) was a ballerina , ballet mistress and a coach at the American Ballet Theatre . Parkinson was born in Brighton , England . She was a ___MASK75___ for The Royal Ballet in the 1960s . Her breakthrough performance was in 1964 with Les Biches , and she performed in narrative ballets like Swan Lake and Raymonda . In 1978 , she performed character roles at Ballet Theatre . While she went home to London for a year to spend time with her family , she returned to the Theatre as a ballet mistress . She had a quite deep relationship with dancers there like Julie Kent and Gelsey Kirkland who thanked her in their autobiographies . She died from complications of cancer . American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) is a classical ballet company based in New York City . It has an annual eight - week season at the Metropolitan ___MASK89___ House ( Lincoln Center ) in the spring and a shorter season at the David H . Koch Theater in the fall ; the company tours around the world the rest of the year . ABT was founded in 1939 by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant and is recognized as one of the world ' s leading classical ballet companies . ABT is also the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School , and was recognized as " America ' s National Ballet Company " in 2006 by the United States Congress . A royal charter is a formal document issued by a ___MASK74___ as letters patent , granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate . They were , and are still , used to establish significant organisations such as cities ( with municipal charters ) or universities and learned societies . Charters should be distinguished from warrants and letters of appointment , as they have perpetual effect . Typically , a Royal Charter is produced as a high - quality work of calligraphy on vellum . The British monarchy has issued over 980 royal charters . Of these about 750 remain in existence . The earliest was to the town of Tain in 1066 , making it the oldest Royal Burgh in Scotland , followed by the University of Cambridge in 1231 . Charters continue to be issued by the British Crown , a recent example being that awarded to the Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity , on 7 April 2011 . The Metropolitan ___MASK89___ House ( colloquially The Met ) is an ___MASK89___ house located on Broadway at Lincoln Square in the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City . Part of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts , the theater was designed by Wallace K . Harrison . It opened in 1966 , replacing the original 1883 Metropolitan ___MASK89___ House at Broadway and 39th St . With a seating capacity of approximately 3 , 800 , the house is the largest repertory ___MASK89___ house in the world . Home to the Metropolitan ___MASK89___ Company , the facility also hosts the American Ballet Theatre in the summer months . Bronislava Nijinska ( " Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya ") ( February 21 , 1972 ) was a Polish ___MASK27___ , ___MASK34___ , and teacher . Nijinska played a leading role in the pioneering movement that turned against 19th - century Classicism , which paved the way for neoclassical works to come . A breakthrough came in 1910 , when she created her first solo , the role of Papillon in " Le Carnival ". The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated ___MASK48___ city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and ___MASK1___ , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world . The David H . Koch Theater is a theater for ballet , modern and other forms of dance , part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located at the intersection of Columbus Avenue and 63rd Street in New York City , United States . Originally named the New York State Theater , the venue has been home to the New York City Ballet since its opening in 1964 , the secondary venue for the American Ballet Theatre in the fall , and served as home to the New York City ___MASK89___ from 1964 to 2011 . The theater occupies the south side of the main plaza of Lincoln Center , opposite David Geffen Hall . Raymonda is a ballet in three acts , four scenes with an apotheosis , choreographed by Marius Petipa , with music by Alexander Glazunov , his opus 57 . First presented by the Imperial Ballet at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre on in ___MASK4___ Petersburg , Russia . The ballet was created especially for the benefit performance of the Italian ballerina Pierina Legnani , who created the title role . Among the ballet ' s most celebrated passages is the " Pas classique hongrois " ( a . k . a . " Raymonda Pas de dix ") from the third act , which is often performed independently . Swan Lake (/" Lebedinoye ozero "), Op . 20 , is a ballet composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875  76 . Despite its initial failure , it is now one of the most popular of all ballets . Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov ( 10 August 1865  21 March 1936 ) was a Russian ___MASK61___ , music ___MASK17___ , and conductor of the late Russian Romantic period . He served as director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory between 1905 and 1928 and was also instrumental in the reorganization of the institute into the Petrograd Conservatory , then the Leningrad Conservatory , following the Bolshevik Revolution . He continued heading the Conservatory until 1930 , though he had left the Soviet Union in 1928 and did not return . The best - known student under his tenure during the early Soviet years was Dmitri Shostakovich . Les Sylphides is a short , non - narrative " ballet blanc ". Its original ___MASK42___ was by Michel Fokine , with music by Frédéric Chopin orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov . Glazunov had already set some of the music in 1892 as a purely orchestral suite , under the title Chopiniana , Op . 46 . In that form it was introduced to the public in December 1893 , conducted by Nikolai Rimsky - Korsakov . Gelsey Kirkland ( born December 29 , 1952 ) is an American ballerina . Kirkland joined the New York City Ballet in 1968 at age fifteen , at the invitation of George Balanchine . She was promoted to ___MASK100___ in 1969 and principal in 1972 . She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Balanchine , Jerome Robbins , and Antony Tudor including Balanchine ' s revival of " The Firebird ", Robbins ' " Goldberg Variations ", and Tudor ' s " The Leaves are Fading ". She left the New York City Ballet to join the American Ballet Theatre in 1974 . The Royal ___MASK89___ House is an ___MASK89___ house and ___MASK48___ performing arts venue in Covent Garden , central London . The large building is often referred to as simply " Covent Garden ", after a previous use of the site of the ___MASK89___ house ' s original ___MASK65___ in 1732 . It is the home of The Royal ___MASK89___ , The Royal Ballet , and the Orchestra of the Royal ___MASK89___ House . Originally called the Theatre Royal , it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history . In 1734 , the first ballet was presented . A year later , Handel ' s first season of operas began . Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there . The Goldberg Variations , BWV 988 , is a work written for ___MASK56___ by Johann Sebastian Bach , consisting of an aria and a set of 30 variations . First published in 1741 , the work is considered to be one of the most important examples of variation form . The " Variations " are named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg , who may have been the first performer . Marius Ivanovich Petipa ( Russian :        ), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa ( 11 March 1818 ) was a French and Russian ___MASK75___ , pedagogue and ___MASK34___ . Petipa is considered to be the most influential ___MASK30___ and ___MASK34___ in ballet history . A benefit performance is a type of live ___MASK1___ which is undertaken for a cause . It its original usage , benefit performances were opportunities for an actor to supplement his / her income . In its modern usage , benefit performances are given to raise money for or awareness of a humanitarian cause , or for the immediate benefit of an audience . Jerome Robbins ( October 11 , 1918  July 29 , 1998 ) was an American ___MASK34___ , director , dancer , and theater producer who worked in classical ballet , on Broadway , and in films and television . Among his numerous stage productions he worked on were " On the Town ", " Peter Pan ", " High Button Shoes ", " The King And I ", " The Pajama Game ", " Bells Are Ringing ", " West Side Story ", "", and " Fiddler on the Roof "; Robbins was a five time Tony award winner and a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors . He received two Academy Awards , including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for " West Side Story ". A documentary about his life and work , " Something to Dance About ", featuring excerpts from his journals , archival performance and rehearsal footage , and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues , premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year . Classical ballet is any of the traditional , formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique . It is known for its ___MASK46___ and rigorous technique ( such as pointe work , turnout of the legs , and high extensions ), its flowing , precise movements , and its ethereal qualities . Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc ( 7 January 189930 January 1963 ) was a French ___MASK61___ and pianist . His compositions include " mélodies ", solo piano works , chamber music , choral pieces , operas , ballets , and orchestral concert music . Among the best - known are the piano suite " Trois mouvements perpétuels " ( 1919 ), the ballet " Les biches " ( 1923 ), the " Concert champêtre " ( 1928 ) for harpsichord and orchestra , the Organ Concerto ( 1938 ), the opera " Dialogues des Carmélites " ( 1957 ), and the " Gloria " ( 1959 ) for soprano , choir and orchestra . Antony Tudor ( 4 April 1908  19 April 1987 ) was an English ballet ___MASK34___ , teacher and dancer . Lucia Chase ( 24 March 1897 ; Waterbury , Connecticut  9 January 1986 ; New York City , United States ) was an American ___MASK27___ , ___MASK97___ , ballet ___MASK68___ and also the co - founder of the American Ballet Theatre . Les biches (" The Hinds " or " The Little Darlings ") is a ballet choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska to music by Francis Poulenc , premiered by the Ballets Russes on 6 January 1924 . Some consider this piece a milestone in ballet history . The ___MASK61___ , who was at the time relatively unknown , was asked by Serge Diaghilev to write a piece based on Glazunov ' s " Les Sylphides ", written seventeen years earlier . Poulenc , however , chose to base his work on the paintings of Watteau that depicted Louis XV and various women in his " Parc aux biches ". The word " biche " is usually translated as " doe ," an adult female deer . " Does " was used as a slang for coquettish women . Poulenc described his work as a " contemporary drawing room party suffused with an atmosphere of wantonness , which you sense if you are corrupted , but of which an innocent - minded girl would not be conscious ." George Balanchine ( born Giorgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze April 30 , 1983 ) was a ___MASK34___ . Styled as the father of American ballet , he co - founded the New York City Ballet and remained its Artistic Director for more than 35 years . The Firebird (" Zhar - ptitsa ") is a ballet by the Russian ___MASK61___ Igor Stravinsky , written for the 1910 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev ' s Ballets Russes , with ___MASK42___ by Michel Fokine . The scenario by Alexandre Benois and Fokine is based on Russian fairy tales of the magical glowing bird that can be both a blessing and a curse to its owner . At the premiere on 25 June 1910 in Paris , the work was an instant success with both audience and critics . The Mariinsky Theatre ( Mariinskiy Teatr , also spelled Maryinsky or Mariyinsky ) is a historic theatre of ___MASK89___ and ballet in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Opened in 1860 , it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th century Russia , where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky , Mussorgsky , and Rimsky - Korsakov received their premieres . Through most of the Soviet era , it was known as the Kirov Theatre . Today , the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet , Mariinsky ___MASK89___ and Mariinsky Orchestra . Since Yuri Temirkanov ' s retirement in 1988 , the ___MASK16___ Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre ' s general director . Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( tr . " Pëtr Il ' i ajkovskij "; 25 April / 7 May 1840  25 October / 6 November 1893 ), often anglicized as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky , was a Russian ___MASK61___ of the late - Romantic period , some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire . He was the first Russian ___MASK61___ whose music made a lasting impression internationally , bolstered by his appearances as a guest ___MASK16___ in Europe and the United States . Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 , by ___MASK36___ Alexander III , and awarded a lifetime pension . Russia ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European Russia . Russia ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other ___MASK48___ urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . A seaside resort is a resort town or resort ___MASK37___ , located on the coast . Sometimes it is also an officially accredited title , that is only awarded to a town when the requirements are met ( like the title " Seebad " in Germany ). A resort ( North American English ) is a self - contained ___MASK66___ establishment that endeavors to provide most of a vacationer ' s wants , such as food , drink , lodging , sports , ___MASK1___ , and shopping , on the premises . The term " resort " may be used for a hotel property that provides an array of amenities , typically including ___MASK1___ and recreational activities . A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort , such as the Grand Hotel at Mackinac Island , Michigan . Some resorts are also timeshare or fractionally owned , or wholly owned condominium complexes . A resort is not always a ___MASK66___ establishment operated by a single company , although in the late twentieth century this sort of facility became more common . Brighton is a seaside resort in East Sussex , England . The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D . C . Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the ___MASK67___ , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non - voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D . C ., Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U . S . Virgin Islands . Dame Ninette de Valois ( 6 June 18988 March 2001 ) was an Anglo - Irish ___MASK27___ , ___MASK17___ , ___MASK34___ , and director of classical ballet . She began life in Ireland as Edris Stannus . Most notably , she danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev ' s Ballets Russes , later establishing the Royal Ballet , one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and still one of the leading ballet companies in the world . She also established the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the Royal Ballet School . She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the " godmother " of English and Irish ballet . New York City Ballet ( NYCB ) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by ___MASK34___ George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein . Léon Barzin was the company ' s first music director . Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company . City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes : the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet , 1934 ; the American Ballet , 1935 , and Ballet Caravan , 1936 , which merged into American Ballet Caravan , 1941 ; and directly from the Ballet Society , 1946 .