record_label night of the living baseheads
Crack cocaine , also known simply as crack , is a free base form of cocaine that can be smoked . It offers a short but intense high to smokers . The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most " addictive " ( effective ) form of cocaine . Crack cocaine is commonly used as a recreational drug . Crack first saw widespread use in primarily impoverished inner city neighborhoods in New York , Los Angeles , and Miami in late 1984 and 1985 ; its rapid increase in use and availability is sometimes termed as the " crack epidemic ". Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U . S . state of Florida and its Atlantic coast . As the seat of Miami - Dade County , the municipality is the principal , central , and most populous of its metropolitan area and part of the second - most populous ___MASK45___ in the southeastern United States . According to the U . S . Census Bureau , Miami ' s metro area is the eighth - most populous and fourth - largest urban area in the U . S ., with a population of around 5 . 5 million . A pen ( ___MASK15___ : " penna ", feather ) is a writing implement used to apply ink to a surface , such as paper , for writing or drawing . Historically , reed pens , quill pens , and dip pens were used , with a nib dipped in ink . Ruling pens allow precise adjustment of line width , and still find a few specialized uses , but technical pens such as the Rapidograph are more commonly used . Modern types also include ballpoint , rollerball , fountain , and felt or ceramic tip pens . The inner city is the central area of a major city or ___MASK45___ . Inner city areas tend to have higher population densities than outer suburbs , with more of the population living inside multi - floored townhouses and apartment buildings . Marvin Gaye ( born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr .; April 2 , 1939  April 1 , 1984 ) was an American singer , songwriter and ___MASK3___ producer . Gaye helped to shape the sound of ___MASK24___ in the 1960s , first as an in - house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits , including " Ain ' t That Peculiar ", " How Sweet It Is ( To Be Loved By You )" and " I Heard It Through the Grapevine ", and duet recordings with Mary Wells , Kim Weston , Diana Ross and Tammi Terrell , later earning the titles " Prince of ___MASK24___ " and " Prince of Soul ". ___MASK61___ is an American record label , focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music , owned by Universal Music Group . In the UK , the label takes on the name " Def Jam UK " and is operated through Virgin EMI , while in Japan , it is " Def Jam Japan " operating through Universal Sigma Music . The label distributes various record labels , including Kanye West ' s GOOD Music , Ludacris ' Disturbing Tha Peace , and ARTium Recordings , headed by Def Jam ' s current executive vice president , No I . D .. Current artists include Iggy Azalea , Logic , Big Sean , Kanye West , Leona Lewis , 2 Chainz , Axwell  Ingrosso , Mother Mother , Afrojack , Jeezy , Jeremih , Ludacris , Alesso , Pusha T , Desiigner and Jhené Aiko , among others . Los Angeles ( Spanish for " The Angels "), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L . A ., is the second - most populous city in the United States ( after New York City ), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County . Situated in Southern California , Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , sprawling ___MASK45___ , and as a major center of the American entertainment industry . Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over . Norepinephrine ( NE ), also called noradrenaline ( NA ) or noradrenalin , is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter . The name " noradrenaline ," derived from ___MASK15___ roots meaning " at / alongside the kidneys ," is more commonly used in the United Kingdom ; in the United States , " norepinephrine ," derived from Greek roots having that same meaning , is usually preferred . " Norepinephrine " is also the international nonproprietary name given to the drug . Regardless of which name is used for the substance itself , parts of the body that produce or are affected by it are referred to as noradrenergic . Cocaine , also known as coke , is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug . It is commonly snorted , inhaled , or injected into the veins . Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality , an intense feeling of happiness , or agitation . Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate , sweating , and large pupils . High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature . Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes . Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery . Cocaine is addictive due to its effect on the reward pathway in the brain . After a short period of use , there is a high risk that dependence will occur . Its use also increases the risk of stroke , myocardial infarction , lung problems in those who ___MASK39___ it , blood infections , and sudden cardiac death . Cocaine sold on the street is commonly mixed with local anesthetics , cornstarch , quinine , or sugar which can result in additional toxicity . Following repeated doses a person may have decreased ability to feel pleasure and be very physically tired . Cocaine acts by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin , norepinephrine , and dopamine . This results in greater concentrations of these three neurotransmitters in the brain . It can easily cross the blood  brain barrier and may lead to the breakdown of the barrier . Cocaine is made from the leaves of the " coca " plant which are mostly grown in South America . In 2013 , 419 kilograms were produced legally . It is estimated that the illegal market for cocaine is 100 to 500 billion USD each year . With further processing crack cocaine can be produced from cocaine . After cannabis , cocaine is the most frequently used illegal drug globally . Between 14 and 21 million people use the drug each year . Use is highest in North America followed by Europe and South America . Between one and three percent of people in the developed world have used cocaine at some point in their life . In 2013 cocaine use directly resulted in 4 , 300 deaths , up from 2 , 400 in 1990 . The leaves of the " coca " plant have been used by Peruvians since ancient times . Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860 . Since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime . South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to South America instead of other regions ( like ___MASK15___ America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). Chung King Recording Studios , formerly known as Chung King House of Metal , is a New York City recording studio founded by John King with financial backing of the Etches brothers and engineer expertise of Steve Ett , which became a site of many classic punk and hip hop recordings . King started Secret Society Records in 1979 before building a studio in an old restaurant in Chinatown  Chung King , and during early work with ___MASK61___ , Rick Rubin dubbed the studio the Chung King House of Metal  and therefore changed the name of the company in 1986 . Modern musicians and engineers still use Chung King Studios in many ways and the studio still hosts world - famous artists such as Amy Winehouse , Beyoncé , Lady Gaga , and Jay Z . `` Night of the Living Baseheads '' is the third single released by hip hop group Public Enemy , from their critically acclaimed ___MASK44___ It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back . The lyrics deal with the effects of crack cocaine on African - Americans during the 1980s crack epidemic , referring to the slang for cocaine `` base '' . The song reached # 62 on the U . S . Hot R & B / Hip - Hop Singles & Tracks . The song uses more samples than any other song on the ___MASK44___ , a total of 20 ( including the sample of Chuck D saying `` Bass ! '' at the start of the song `` Bring the Noise '' ) . The chorus of the song that asks `` How low can you go ? '' , refers to a person degrading himself / herself , rather than a dance . The title is a reference to the film Night of the Living Dead , equating people addicted to crack cocaine with zombies . The group Digital Assassins did a cover of this song entitled `` Return of the Living Bassheads ( Somethin ' Really Bad ) . '' This cover was featured on video games such as Mat Hoffman ' s Pro BMX 2 and BMX XXX . The group Insane Clown Posse also did a cover of this track that was entitled `` Night of the Living Bassheads '' . This cover is to be released for The Mighty Death Pop ! ' s bonus cover ___MASK44___ Smothered , Covered & Chunked . It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back is the second ___MASK23___ by American hip hop group Public Enemy , released on June 28 , 1988 , by ___MASK61___ . Public Enemy set out to make the hip hop equivalent to Marvin Gaye ' s " What ' s Going On ", an album noted for its strong social commentary . Recording sessions took place during 1987 at Chung King Studios , Greene St . Recording , and Sabella Studios in New York City . Noting the enthusiastic response toward their live shows , Public Enemy intended with " Nation of Millions " to make the music of a faster tempo than the previous album for performance purposes . Peruvians are the citizens of the Republic of Peru or their descendants abroad . Peru is a multiethnic country formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries , so people in Peru usually treat their nationality as a citizenship rather than an ethnicity . Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century ; according to historian David N . Cook their population decreased from an estimated 5  9 million in the 1520s to around 600 , 000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases . Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule , mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples . During the Republic , there has been a gradual immigration of European people ( specially from Spain and Italy , and in a less extent from ___MASK94___ , the Balkans , Great Britain and Germany ). Japanese and Chinese arrived in large numbers at the end of nineteenth century .