place_of_birth palkuriki somanatha
Shiva (    ___MASK51___ Sanskrit : , lit . " the auspicious one ") is one ___MASK96___ the principal deities ___MASK96___ Hinduism . He is the supreme God within Shaivism , one ___MASK96___ the three ___MASK100___ influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism . A literary language is a register or dialect ___MASK96___ a language that is used in literary writing . This may also include liturgical writing . The difference between literary and non - literary forms is more marked in some languages than in others . Where there is a ___MASK49___ divergence , the language is said to exhibit diglossia . ___MASK93___ , officially the ___MASK77___ of ___MASK93___ (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; ___MASK92___ , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , ___MASK93___ is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . ___MASK93___ ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . ___MASK53___ ( IPA :) is a state in south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed " ___MASK53___ " in 1973 . The capital and largest city is Bangalore ( Bengaluru ). ___MASK53___ is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west , ___MASK30___ to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , ___MASK98___ to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the southwest . The state covers an area of , or 5 . 83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the seventh largest Indian state by area . With 61 , 130 , 704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , ___MASK53___ is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Hinduism is a religion , or a way ___MASK96___ life , found ___MASK100___ notably in ___MASK93___ and Nepal . Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world , and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as "", " the eternal law ," or the " eternal way ," beyond human origins . Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis ___MASK96___ various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no founder . This " Hindu synthesis " started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period ( 1500 BCE to 500 BCE ). ___MASK6___ ( formerly Orissa ) (() is one ___MASK96___ the 29 states ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ , located in the eastern coast . It is surrounded by the states ___MASK96___ ___MASK85___ to the north - east , Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and north - west , ___MASK98___ and Telangana to the south and south - west . ___MASK6___ has ___MASK96___ coastline along the Bay ___MASK96___ Bengal on its east , from Balasore to Malkangiri . It is the 9th largest state by area , and the 3rd largest by tribal population . Odia ( formerly known as " Oriya ") is the official and most widely spoken language , spoken by 33 . 2 million according to the 2001 Census . South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the ___MASK89___ ___MASK96___ the Asian continent , which comprises the sub - Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian ___MASK83___ , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ situated south ___MASK96___ the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . ___MASK98___ () is one of the 29 states of India , situated on the southeastern coast of the country . The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of . As per 2011 Census of India , the state is tenth largest by population with 49 , 386 , 799 inhabitants . Shaivism or aivism (" aiva Patha ", " Shiva ' s Path "), also known as Shivaism and Saivam , is one ___MASK96___ the major branches ___MASK96___ Sanathan Dharma ( Hinduism ), revering Shiva as the Supreme Being . Shiva is sometimes depicted as the fierce god Bhairava . Followers ___MASK96___ Shaivam are called " Shaivas ", " Saivas ", " Shaivites ", or " Saivarkal ". They believe that Shiva is All and in all , the creator , preserver , destroyer , revealer and concealer ___MASK96___ all that is . Shaivism , like some ___MASK96___ the other forms ___MASK96___ Hinduism , spread to other parts ___MASK96___ Southeast Asia , including Java , ___MASK22___ , and parts ___MASK96___ the Southeast Asian continent , including ___MASK35___ . ___MASK61___ is one of the 29 states in India , located in southern India . ___MASK61___ has an area of , and a population of 35 , 193 , 978 ( 2011 census ). making it the twelfth largest state in India , and the twelfth most populated state in India . Its major cities include Hyderabad , Warangal , Nizamabad , Khammam , Karimnagar and Ramagundam . ___MASK61___ is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west , Chhattisgarh to the north , Karnataka to the west and ___MASK98___ to the east and south . In common law , a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction ; in modern usage , this body is generally a ___MASK60___ . Warrants , prerogative writs and subpoenas are common types ___MASK96___ writ but many forms exist and have existed . ___MASK54___ ( Marathi :          pronunciation : , abbr . MH ) is a state in the western region of India and is India ' s third - largest state by area and is also the world ' s second - most populous sub - national entity . It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital , Mumbai , has a population of approximately 18 million . ___MASK13___ is ___MASK54___ ' s second capital as well as its winter capital . ___MASK54___ ' s business opportunities along with its potential to offer a higher standard of living attract migrants from all over India . Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo - European language , more specifically one branch ___MASK96___ the Indo - Iranian group . It is the ancient language ___MASK96___ the Vedas ___MASK96___ Hinduism , texts compiled over the period ___MASK96___ the mid - 2nd to mid - 1st millennium BCE . It was orally preserved , predating the advent ___MASK96___ Brahmi script by several centuries . Vedic Sanskrit is an archaic language , whose consensus translation has been challenging . The Andaman and Nicobar Islands , one ___MASK96___ the seven union territories ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ , are a group ___MASK96___ islands at the juncture ___MASK96___ the Bay ___MASK96___ Bengal and Andaman Sea . ___MASK39___ ( English pronunciation : ; ""; : ; literally ' The Land ___MASK96___ Tamils ' or ' Tamil Country ') is one ___MASK96___ the 29 states ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ . Its capital and largest city is Chennai ( formerly known as Madras ). ___MASK39___ lies in the southernmost part ___MASK96___ the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory ___MASK96___ Puducherry and the South Indian states ___MASK96___ Kerala , ___MASK53___ , and ___MASK98___ . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri , the Anamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay ___MASK96___ Bengal in the east , by the Gulf ___MASK96___ Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation ___MASK96___ Sri Lanka . The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism . It originated in the seventh - century ___MASK51___ south ___MASK93___ ( now parts of ___MASK51___ Nadu and Kerala ), and spread northwards . It swept over east and north ___MASK93___ from the 15th century onwards , reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE . Desi is a ___MASK34___ term for the people , cultures , and products of the Indian subcontinent or South Asia and their diaspora , derived from the Ancient Sanskrit "    ( deá or deshi )", meaning " Land " or " Country ". As " Desi " is a ___MASK34___ term , countries that are considered " Desi " are subjective , however it is often accepted that ___MASK37___ , ___MASK93___ and Pakistan are Desi countries . Bhutan , the Maldives , Nepal , and Sri Lanka may also be considered " Desi " countries in some usages of the term . Basavanna was a 12th - century Hindu philosopher , statesman , Kannada poet in the Shiva - focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign ___MASK96___ the Kalachuri - dynasty ___MASK45___ Bijjala I in ___MASK53___ , India . The " Basavarajadevara ragale " ( 13 out ___MASK96___ 25 sections are available ) by the Kannada poet Harihara ( c . 1180 ) is the earliest available account on the life ___MASK96___ the social reformer and is considered important because the author was a near contemporary ___MASK96___ his protagonist . A full account ___MASK96___ Basava ' s life and ideas are narrated in a 13th - century sacred Telugu text ___MASK96___ the south Indian Hindu Lingayat community , the " Basava purana " by Palkuriki Somanatha . Kannada ('), also known as Canarese or Kanarese , is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in ___MASK93___ , mainly in the state of ___MASK53___ , and by linguistic minorities in the states of ___MASK98___ , Telangana , Tamil Nadu , Maharashtra , Kerala , and Goa . The language has roughly 40 million native speakers who are called Kannadigas , and a total of 50 . 8 million speakers according to a 2001 census . It is one of the scheduled languages of ___MASK93___ and the official and administrative language of the state of ___MASK53___ . ___MASK99___ ( French : Yanaon ) is a town in the Indian union territory of Puducherry , located in ___MASK99___ district , which forms a 30 km² enclave in the district of East Godavari in ___MASK98___ . It has a population of 32 , 000 , most of whom speak Telugu . For 200 years it was a French colony , and , though united with India in 1954 , is still sometimes known as " French ___MASK99___ ". It possesses a blend of French and Telugu culture prevailing in ___MASK98___ . During French rule , the Tuesday market (" mangalavaram santa ") at ___MASK99___ was popular among Telugu people in the Madras Presidency who visited ___MASK99___ to buy foreign and smuggled goods during ___MASK99___ People ' s Festival , which is held in January . Also , after implementation of the Sarda Act in British India in 1929 , Telugu people came to ___MASK99___ to conduct child marriages , which remained legal under the French administration . In 1936 , ___MASK99___ ' s population was 5 , 220 . Buddhism ( or ) is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety ___MASK96___ traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in ___MASK93___ sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much ___MASK96___ Asia , whereafter it declined in ___MASK93___ during the middle ages . Two major extant branches ___MASK96___ Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : " The School ___MASK96___ the Elders ") and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : " The Great Vehicle "). Buddhism is the world ' s fourth - largest religion , with over 500 million followers or 7 % ___MASK96___ the global population , known as Buddhists . Telugu is a Dravidian language native to ___MASK93___ . It stands alongside Hindi , English , and Bengali as one of the few languages with official status in more than one Indian state ; it is the primary language in the states of ___MASK98___ , Telangana , and in the town of Yanam , Puducherry . It is also spoken by significant minorities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Chhattisgarh , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Odisha , Tamil Nadu , and by the Sri Lankan Gypsy people . It is one of six languages designated a classical language of ___MASK93___ by the Government of ___MASK93___ . Telugu ranks third by the number of native speakers in ___MASK93___ ( 74 million , 2001 census ), fifteenth in the Ethnologue list of most - spoken languages worldwide and is the most widely spoken Dravidian language . It is one of the twenty - two scheduled languages of the Republic of ___MASK93___ . ___MASK79___ ,, formerly known as Uttaranchal , is a state in the northern part of ___MASK93___ . It is often referred to as the " Devbhumi " ( literally : " Land of the Gods ") due to many Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . ___MASK79___ is known for its natural beauty of the Himalayas , the Bhabhar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , this 27th state of the ___MASK77___ of ___MASK93___ was created from the Himalayan and adjoining northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders the Tibet on the north ; the Mahakali Zone of the Far - Western Region , Nepal on the east ; and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north - west as well as Haryana to its south - western corner . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The interim capital of ___MASK79___ is Dehradun , the largest city in the region , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is in Nainital . Devanagari (, a compound ___MASK96___ "" deva "" and "" ngar "" ; Hindi pronunciation : ), also called Nagari (" Ngar "), is an abugida ( alphasyllabary ) alphabet ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ and Nepal . It is written from left to right , has a ___MASK49___ preference for symmetrical rounded shapes within squared outlines , and is recognisable by a horizontal line that runs along the top ___MASK96___ full letters . In a cursory look , the Devanagari script appears different from other Indic scripts such as Bengali , Oriya , or Gurmukhi , but a closer examination reveals they are very similar except for angles and structural emphasis . A lingua ___MASK20___ , also known as a ___MASK94___ language , common language , trade language or vehicular language , is a language or dialect systematically ( as opposed to occasionally , or casually ) used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect , particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages . ___MASK23___ ( literally ' Thirty - Six Forts ') is a state in ___MASK41___ ___MASK93___ . It is the 10th largest state in ___MASK93___ , with an area of . With a population of 28 million , ___MASK23___ is the 17th most - populated state of the nation . It is a source of electricity and steel for ___MASK93___ , accounting for 15 % of the total steel produced in the country . ___MASK23___ is one of the fastest - developing states in ___MASK93___ . Sanskrit ( English pronunciation :; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', " refined speech ") is the primary sacred language ___MASK96___ Hinduism and " Mahyna " Buddhism , a philosophical language in Hinduism , Jainism , Buddhism and Sikhism . It was also a literary language that was in use as a " lingua ___MASK20___ " in ancient and medieval South Asia . It is a standardised dialect ___MASK96___ Old Indo - Aryan , originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto - Indo - Iranian and Proto - Indo - European . Today it is listed as one ___MASK96___ the 22 scheduled languages ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ and is an official language ___MASK96___ the state ___MASK96___ Uttarakhand . As one ___MASK96___ the oldest Indo - European languages for which substantial written documentation exists , Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo - European studies . Sikhism , or Sikhi ("", , from " Sikh ", meaning a " disciple ", or a " learner "), is a panentheistic religion that originated in the ___MASK11___ region ___MASK96___ the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century . It is one ___MASK96___ the youngest ___MASK96___ the major world religions . The fundamental beliefs ___MASK96___ Sikhism , articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name ___MASK96___ the one creator , ___MASK87___ ___MASK96___ all humankind , engaging in selfless service , striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity ___MASK96___ all , and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder ' s life . Sikhism has 25 - 28 million adherents worldwide and is the ninth - largest religion in the world . Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari :         , " Mnak Hind ") or simply Hindi ( Devanagari :      , " Hind "), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register ___MASK96___ the Hindustani language . Hindi is one ___MASK96___ the official languages ___MASK96___ ___MASK93___ , and is the " lingua franca " ___MASK96___ the Hindi belt languages . Outside ___MASK93___ , Hindi is an official language in Fiji , and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius , Suriname , Guyana , and ___MASK69___ and Tobago . Jainism ( or ), traditionally known as Jain Dharma , is an ancient Indian religion belonging to the " ramaa " ___MASK43___ . The central tenet is non - violence and respect towards all living beings . The three main principles ___MASK96___ Jainism are " ahimsa " ( non - violence ), " anekantavada " ( non - absolutism ) and " aparigraha " ( non - possessiveness ). Followers ___MASK96___ Jainism take five main vows : " ahimsa " ( non - violence ), " satya " ( not lying ), " asteya " ( not stealing ), " brahmacharya " ( chastity ) and " aparigraha " ( non - attachment ). Jain monks and nuns observe these vows absolutely whereas householders (" rvakas ") observe them within their practical limitations . Self - discipline and asceticism are thus major focuses ___MASK96___ Jainism . Notably , Mahatma Gandhi was greatly influenced by Jainism and adopted many Jain principles in his life . Palkuriki Somanatha was one ___MASK96___ the ___MASK100___ noted Telugu language writers ___MASK96___ the 12th or 13th century . He was also an accomplished writer in the Kannada and Sanskrit languages and penned several classics in those languages . He was a Shaiva ( devotee ___MASK96___ the Hindu god Shiva ) by faith and a follower ___MASK96___ the 12th century social reformer Basava and his writings were primarily intended to propagate this faith . He was a well acclaimed Shaiva poet . Indo - European studies is a field ___MASK96___ linguistics and an interdisciplinary field ___MASK96___ study dealing with Indo - European languages , both current and extinct . Its goal is to amass information about the hypothetical proto - language from which all ___MASK96___ these languages are descended , a language dubbed Proto - Indo - European ( PIE ), and its speakers , the Proto - Indo - Europeans , including their society and religion . The studies cover where the language originated and how it spread . This article also lists Indo - European scholars , centres , journals and book series . ___MASK76___ ( literally " ___MASK29___ " in Tamil ), formerly known as Pondicherry is a union territory of India . It was formed out of four exclaves of former French India , namely Pondichéry ( Pondicherry ), Karikal ( Karaikal ), Mahé and Yanaon ( Yanam ). It is named after the largest district Pondicherry . Historically known as " Pondicherry " (" Piccri "), the territory changed its official name to " ___MASK76___ " (" Putuccri ") on 20 September 2006 .