located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity dickson lake
___MASK93___ , officially the Argentine Republic , is a federal republic in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by ___MASK74___ and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of , ___MASK93___ is the eighth - largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish - speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty - three provinces ( singular " provincia ") and one autonomous city (" ciudad autónoma "), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Geology ( from the Ancient Greek  , " g ", i . e . " ___MASK49___ " and - o , "- logia ", i . e . " study ___MASK66___ , discourse ") is an ___MASK49___ science comprising the study ___MASK66___ solid Earth , the rocks ___MASK66___ which it is composed , and the processes by which they change . Geology can also refer generally to the study ___MASK66___ the solid features ___MASK66___ any terrestrial planet ( such as the geology ___MASK66___ the Moon or Mars ). An ice sheet is a mass ___MASK66___ glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than , thus also known as continental glacier . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland ; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much ___MASK66___ North America , the Weichselian ice sheet covered ___MASK76___ ___MASK12___ and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America . ___MASK18___ (; Spanish for " Land ___MASK66___ Fire ") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip ___MASK66___ the South American ___MASK75___ , across the Strait ___MASK66___ Magellan . The archipelago consists ___MASK66___ the main island , Isla Grande de ___MASK18___ , with an area ___MASK66___ , and a group ___MASK66___ many islands , including Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez Islands . ___MASK18___ is divided between Chile and ___MASK93___ , with the latter controlling the eastern half ___MASK66___ the main island and the former the western half plus the islands south ___MASK66___ Beagle Channel . The southernmost extent ___MASK66___ the archipelago is at about latitude 55 S . Oceania ( or ), also known as Oceanica , is a region centred on the islands ___MASK66___ the tropical Pacific Ocean . Opinions ___MASK66___ what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions ___MASK66___ Melanesia , Micronesia , and Polynesia to , more broadly , the entire ___MASK86___ between Southeast Asia and the Americas , including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago . ___MASK35___ National Park is a national park encompassing mountains , glaciers , ___MASK69___ , and rivers in southern Chilean Patagonia . The Cordillera del Paine is the centerpiece of the park . It lies in a transition area between the Magellanic subpolar forests and the Patagonian Steppes . The park is located north of Puerto Natales and north of Punta Arenas . The park borders Bernardo O ' Higgins National Park to the west and the Los Glaciares National Park to the north in Argentine territory . " Paine " means " blue " in the native Tehuelche ( Aonikenk ) language and is pronounced " PIE - nay ". In geology , a proglacial lake is a lake formed either by the damming action ___MASK66___ a moraine or ice dam during the retreat ___MASK66___ a melting glacier , or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet due to isostatic depression ___MASK66___ the crust around the ice . At the end ___MASK66___ the last ice age approximately 10 , 000 years ago , large proglacial ___MASK69___ were a widespread feature in the northern hemisphere . The Magellanic subpolar forests are a terrestrial ecoregion ___MASK66___ southernmost South America , covering parts ___MASK66___ southern ___MASK34___ and ___MASK93___ , and are part ___MASK66___ the Neotropic ecozone . It is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion , and contains the world ' s southernmost forests . An ice age is a period ___MASK66___ long - term reduction in the temperature ___MASK66___ Earth ' s surface and atmosphere , resulting in the presence or expansion ___MASK66___ continental and polar ice sheets and ___MASK11___ glaciers . Within a long - term ice age , individual pulses ___MASK66___ cold climate are termed " glacial periods " ( or alternatively " glacials " or " glaciations " or colloquially as " ice age "), and intermittent warm periods are called " interglacials ". Glaciologically , " ice age " implies the presence ___MASK66___ extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres . By this definition , we are in an interglacial period  the Holocene  ___MASK66___ the ice age that began 2 . 6 million years ago at the start ___MASK66___ the Pleistocene epoch , because the Greenland , Arctic , and Antarctic ice sheets still exist . ___MASK74___ (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of ___MASK74___ , is a landlocked country located in western - central South America . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One - third of the country is the Andean mountain range , with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers , El Alto , located on the Altiplano . ___MASK74___ is one of two landlocked countries ( the other is Paraguay ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . ___MASK74___ is the largest landlocked country in the Americas . ___MASK20___ ( US English , UK English or ) is ___MASK49___ ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region ___MASK66___ the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south ___MASK66___ the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , ___MASK20___ is nearly twice the size ___MASK66___ ___MASK90___ . About 98 % ___MASK66___ ___MASK20___ is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches ___MASK66___ the Antarctic Peninsula . Punta ___MASK87___ ( or Sandy Point in English ) is the capital city of Chile ' s southernmost region , Magallanes and Antartica Chilena . The city was officially renamed as Magallanes in 1927 , but in 1938 it was changed back to " Punta ___MASK87___ ". It is the largest city south of the 46th parallel south . As of 1977 Punta ___MASK87___ has been one of only two free ports in Chile . ( Note that Punta ___MASK87___ itself is not a " free port ", but rather outside of the city , there is a small " zona franca " where certain products can be imported into the country under a reduced - tax regimen .) Dickson Lake is a glacially fed lake located in the ___MASK76___ portion of Torres del Paine National Park , in the Magallanes Region of southern ___MASK34___ . The lake is fed by the glacier that shares its name and is drained by the Paine River . It receives the waters of Los Perros River , which starts at a proglacial lake that was formed during the retreat of Los Perros Glacier . The Drake Passage or Mar de Hoces  Sea ___MASK66___ Hoces  is the body ___MASK66___ water between South America ' s Cape Horn and the South ___MASK61___ Islands ___MASK66___ Antarctica . It connects the southwestern part ___MASK66___ the Atlantic Ocean ( Scotia Sea ) with the southeastern part ___MASK66___ the Pacific Ocean and extends into the Southern Ocean . A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams . Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation , human consumption , industrial use , aquaculture , and navigability . Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity . A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage ___MASK66___ water which can be evenly distributed between locations . Dams generally serve the primary purpose ___MASK66___ retaining water , while other structures such as floodgates or levees ( also known as dikes ) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions . A ___MASK58___ is a natural flowing watercourse , usually ___MASK17___ , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another ___MASK58___ . In some cases a ___MASK58___ flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term ___MASK58___ as applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the United States , " burn " in Scotland and northeast England , and " beck " in northern England . Sometimes a ___MASK58___ is defined as being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body ___MASK66___ dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight ; it forms where the accumulation ___MASK66___ snow exceeds its ablation ( melting and sublimation ) over many years , often centuries . Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight , creating crevasses , seracs , and other distinguishing features . They also abrade ___MASK72___ and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines . Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface ___MASK66___ bodies ___MASK66___ water . Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern ___MASK41___ , at the southeasternmost point ___MASK66___ the Polynesian Triangle . Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues , called " moai ", created by the early Rapa Nui people . In 1995 , UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site , with much ___MASK66___ the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park . The ___MASK41___ is the largest ___MASK66___ the Earth ' s oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean ( or , depending on definition , to Antarctica ) in the south and is bounded by Asia and ___MASK90___ in the west and the Americas in the ___MASK92___ . Los Glaciares ___MASK42___ (" Glaciers ___MASK42___ ") is a federal protected area in ___MASK43___ , Argentina . The park covers an area of , making it the largest national park in the country . Established on 11 May 1937 , it houses a representative sample of the Magellanic Subpolar Forest and western Patagonian Steppe biodiversity in good state of conservation . In 1981 it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . An ice dam occurs when water builds up behind a blockage ___MASK66___ ice . Ice dams form either when glacier blocks a river and forms a lake or when ice chunks in a river are blocked by something and build up to form a dam , often called an ice jam . Glacial ice dams have historically resulted in massive outburst floods . River ice jams can cause flooding upstream during the jam , flooding downstream when the jam releases , and damage from the ice itself on structures and ships in or near the river . " Ice jams " on a lake or ocean occur during the spring break - up if wind driven ice piles up along a shoreline . A pond is a body ___MASK66___ standing water , either natural or artificial , that is usually smaller than a lake . They may arise naturally in floodplains as part ___MASK66___ a river system , or they may be somewhat isolated depressions ( examples include vernal pools and prairie potholes ). Usually they contain shallow water with marsh and aquatic plants and animals . A few animals also make their home in ponds , including both alligators and beavers . The type ___MASK66___ life in a pond is generally determined by a combination ___MASK66___ factors including water level regime ( particularly depth and duration ___MASK66___ flooding ) and nutrient levels , but other factors may also be important , including presence or absence ___MASK66___ shading by trees , presence or absence ___MASK66___ streams , effects ___MASK66___ grazing animals , and salinity . The Nordenskjöld ( or ) is a lake located in ___MASK35___ National Park in the ___MASK53___ Region , southern ___MASK34___ . The lake is named after the Swede Otto Nordenskiöld who discovered the lake in the beginning of the 20th century . The outfall of Nordenskjöld Lake consists of a waterfall known as Salto Grande . At this western end of the lake on the southern side is an abundance of wildlife including wild grazing guanaco . The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental ___MASK22___ range in the world . They are a continuous range ___MASK66___ highlands along the western edge ___MASK66___ South America . This range is about long , about wide ( widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude ), and ___MASK66___ an average height ___MASK66___ about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries : Venezuela , Colombia , ___MASK3___ , Peru , ___MASK74___ , Argentina and Chile . The Region ___MASK66___ Magallanes , officially the XII Region ___MASK66___ Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica , is one ___MASK66___ ___MASK34___ ' s 15 first order administrative divisions . It is the southernmost , largest , and second least populated region ___MASK66___ ___MASK34___ . It comprises four provinces : Última Esperanza , Magallanes , Tierra del Fuego , and Antártica Chilena . A ___MASK42___ is a park in use for conservation purposes . Often it is a reserve ___MASK66___ natural , semi - natural , or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns . Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently , there is a common idea : the conservation ___MASK66___ ' wild nature ' for posterity and as a symbol ___MASK66___ national pride . An international organization , the International Union for Conservation ___MASK66___ Nature ( IUCN ), and its World Commission on Protected Areas , has defined " National Park " as its " Category II " type ___MASK66___ protected areas . A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation ___MASK66___ unconsolidated glacial debris ( soil and ___MASK72___ ) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth ( i . e . a past glacial maximum ), through geomorphological processes . Moraines are formed from debris previously carried along by a glacier and normally consist ___MASK66___ somewhat rounded particles ranging in size from large boulders to minute glacial flour . Lateral moraines are formed at the side ___MASK66___ the ice flow and terminal moraines at the foot , marking the maximum advance ___MASK66___ the glacier . Other types ___MASK66___ moraine include ground moraines , till - covered areas with irregular topography , and medial moraines which are formed where two glaciers meet . Puerto ___MASK97___ is a city in Chilean Patagonia . It is the capital of both the commune of ___MASK97___ and the province of Última Esperanza , one of the four provinces that make up the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region in the southernmost part of Chile . Puerto ___MASK97___ is the only city in the province . It is located northwest of Punta Arenas . It is the final passenger port of call for the Navimag ferry sailing from Puerto Montt into the Señoret Channel as well as the primary transit point for travellers to Torres del Paine National Park , Chile . It is located at the opening of Última Esperanza Sound and was originally inhabited by the Kawésqar or Alacaluf people and the Aoniken or Tehuelche people . The first European to discover the area where the city is located was Juan Ladrillero , a Spanish explorer who was looking for the Strait of Magellan ' s western passage in 1557 . The city was later settled by European immigrants , primarily Germans , British , including English , Welsh and Scots , Croats , Greeks , Italians and Spaniards . It was then settled by Chilean people , with a substantial number coming from the island of Chiloé , all attracted by the sheep breeding industry . The city was formally founded under the government of Ramón Barros Luco on May 31 , 1911 . Nowadays , one of its most important industries is tourism although the cattle and aquaculture industries are also significant . ___MASK34___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK34___ , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the ___MASK92___ and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders ___MASK27___ to the north , ___MASK74___ to the northeast , Argentina to the ___MASK92___ , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . ___MASK34___ also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty . Isostatic depression is the sinking ___MASK66___ large parts ___MASK66___ the Earth ' s crust into the asthenosphere . The sinking is caused by a heavy weight placed on the Earth ' s surface . Often this is caused by the heavy weight ___MASK66___ glacial ice due to continental glaciation . This is a process in which permanent ice places pressure on the Earth ' s crust , thereby depressing it with its weight . After continental glaciation has receded , it is common for isostatic rebound to occur . A lagoon is a shallow body ___MASK66___ water separated from a larger body ___MASK66___ water by barrier islands or reefs . Lagoons are commonly divided into coastal lagoons and atoll lagoons . They have also been identified as occurring on mixed - sand and gravel coastlines . There is an overlap between bodies ___MASK66___ water classified as coastal lagoons and bodies ___MASK66___ water classified as estuaries . Lagoons are common coastal features around many parts ___MASK66___ the world . Bernardo O ' Higgins ___MASK42___ is the largest ___MASK66___ the protected areas in ___MASK34___ , covering an area ___MASK66___ in both the Aysén and Magallanes and Antártica Chilena regions . Management ___MASK66___ this and other national parks in ___MASK34___ is entrusted to the " Corporación Nacional Forestal " ( CONAF ). The park is named after General Bernardo O ' Higgins , the first head ___MASK66___ state ___MASK66___ the Republic ___MASK66___ ___MASK34___ . Los Glaciares ___MASK42___ ( ___MASK93___ ) and Torres del Paine ___MASK42___ are its neighbours to the east , ___MASK82___ San Rafael ___MASK42___ is located to the north , the Alacalufes National Reserve to the southwest and the Katalalixar National Reserve to the northwest . ___MASK27___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK27___ , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by ___MASK3___ and Colombia , in the east by ___MASK29___ , in the southeast by ___MASK74___ , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . ___MASK27___ is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . A lake is an area ___MASK66___ variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . ___MASK69___ lie on land and are not part ___MASK66___ the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . ___MASK69___ can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most ___MASK69___ are fed and drained by rivers and streams . ___MASK59___ is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end ___MASK66___ South America , shared by ___MASK93___ and Chile . The region comprises the southern section ___MASK66___ the Andes mountains as well as the deserts , steppes and grasslands east ___MASK66___ this southern portion ___MASK66___ the Andes . ___MASK59___ has two coasts ; a western one towards the Pacific Ocean and an eastern one towards the Atlantic Ocean . ___MASK73___ America is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the ___MASK76___ hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to ___MASK73___ America instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of ___MASK29___ ). Paine ___MASK58___ (" Río Paine ") is a ___MASK58___ located in the ___MASK53___ Region ___MASK66___ ___MASK34___ . The ___MASK58___ rises from its source in Dickson Lake and flows ___MASK92___ for nine kilometres ( km ) to Paine Lake . After flowing through the lake , the ___MASK58___ runs for 15 km , first southward and then westward to Nordenskjöld Lake . This part ___MASK66___ the ___MASK58___ ' s course includes the Paine Cascade . An administrative division , unit , entity , area or region , also referred to as a subnational entity , constituent unit , or country subdivision , is a portion ___MASK66___ a country or other region delineated for the purpose ___MASK66___ administration . Administrative divisions are granted a certain degree ___MASK66___ autonomy and are usually required to manage themselves through their own local governments . Countries are divided up into these smaller units to make managing their land and the affairs ___MASK66___ their people easier . For example , a country may be divided into provinces , which , in turn , are divided into counties , which , in turn , may be divided in whole or in part into municipalities ; and so on . A stream is a body ___MASK66___ water with a current , confined within a bed and ___MASK78___ . Depending on its location or certain characteristics , a stream may be referred to as a " bayou ", " beck ", " branch ", " brook ", " burn ", " creek ", " crick ", " ghyll ", " gill ", " kill ", " lick ", " mill race ", " race ", " rill ", " river ", " rivulet ", " run ", " runnel ", " streamage ", " ___MASK85___ ", or " wash ".