main_subject bug-jargal
___MASK10___ (""; c . 111  71 BC ) was a Thracian gladiator who , along with the Gauls Crixus , Gannicus , Castus , and Oenomaus , was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War , a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic . Little is known about ___MASK10___ beyond the events of the war , and surviving historical accounts are sometimes contradictory and may not always be reliable . However , all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military leader . Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the ___MASK54___ . It occupies the western three - eighths of the island , which it shares with the Dominican Republic . Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10 . 6 million people , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second - most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole . The Roman Republic was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom , traditionally dated to 509 BC , and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the ___MASK75___ . It was during this period that Rome ' s control expanded from the ___MASK95___ ' s immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world . The Haitian ___MASK73___ , was a successful anti - ___MASK31___ and anti - colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint - Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804 . It affected the institution of ___MASK31___ throughout the Americas . Self - liberated slaves destroyed ___MASK31___ at home , fought to preserve their freedom , and with the collaboration of mulattoes , founded the sovereign state of Haiti . It led to the greatest slave uprising since Spartacus ' s unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic nearly 1 , 900 years prior . Republicanism is an ___MASK70___ of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty . Many countries are " republics " in the sense that they are not monarchies . However , this article covers only the ___MASK70___ of " republicanism ". Bug - Jargal is a novel by the French writer Victor Hugo . First published in 1826 , it is a reworked version of an earlier short story of the same name published in the Hugo brothers ' magazine Le Conservateur littéraire in 1820 . The novel follows a friendship between the enslaved African prince of the title and a French military officer named Leopold D ' Auverney during the tumultuous early years of the Haitian ___MASK73___ . Hugo later claimed that the story was to have been part of a collaborative work called Contes sous la Tente ( Tales under a Tent ) , and that he had written it in 1818 ( at the age of sixteen ) in two weeks ; the manuscript is however dated April 1819 . Several translations into English exist . The first , a modified version with the title The Slave - King , was published in 1833 . The only modern translation is by Chris Bongie and was published in 2004 . Though a committed royalist when he was young , Hugo ' s views changed as the decades passed , and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism ; his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his ___MASK45___ . He is buried in the in Paris . His legacy has been honoured in many ways , including his portrait being placed on French currency . ___MASK31___ is , the strictest sense of the term , any system in which principles of property law are applied to people , allowing individuals to own , buy and sell other individuals , as a " de jure " form of property . A slave is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration . Many scholars now use the term chattel ___MASK31___ to refer to this specific sense of legalised , " de jure " ___MASK31___ . In a broader sense , however , the word ___MASK31___ may also refer to any situation in which an individual is " de facto " forced to work against his or her will . Scholars also use the more generic terms such as unfree labour or forced labour , to refer to such situations . However  and especially under ___MASK31___ in broader senses of the word  slaves may have some rights and / or protections , according to laws and / or customs .