family_name tan howe liang
The Communist Party of China ( CPC ) is the founding and ruling political party of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ). The CPC is the sole governing party of China , although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that comprise the United Front ; these parties , however , hold no real ___MASK93___ or independence from the CPC . It was founded in 1921 , chiefly by ___MASK8___ Duxiu and Li Dazhao . The party grew quickly , and by 1949 the CPC had driven the nationalist Kuomintang ( KMT ) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War , thus leading to the establishment of the People ' s Republic of China . The CPC is currently the world ' s second largest political party with a membership of 88 . 76 million as of 2016 ( while the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party appears to have remained the largest with a membership of 110 million as of the previous year , 2015 ). It also controls the world ' s largest armed force , the People ' s Liberation Army . A barbell is a piece of exercise equipment used in weight training , bodybuilding , weightlifting and powerlifting , consisting of a ___MASK68___ bar , usually with weights attached at each end . A bronze medal in sports and other similar areas involving competition is a medal made of bronze awarded to the third - place finisher of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games , Commonwealth Games , etc . The outright winner receives a gold medal and the second place a ___MASK82___ medal . ___MASK54___ generally , bronze is traditionally the most common metal used for all types of high - quality medals , including artistic ones . The practice of awarding bronze third place medals began at the 1904 Olympic Games in St . ___MASK58___ , Missouri , prior to which only first and second places were awarded . The modern Olympic Games or Olympics are leading international sporting events featuring summer and ___MASK80___ sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions . The Olympic Games are considered the world ' s foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating . The Olympic Games are held every four years , with the Summer and ___MASK80___ Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart . A ___MASK82___ medal in sports and other similar areas involving competition is a medal made of , or plated with , ___MASK82___ awarded to the second - place finisher , or runner - up , of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games , Commonwealth Games , etc . The outright winner receives a gold medal and the third place a bronze medal . ___MASK54___ generally , ___MASK82___ is traditionally a metal sometimes used for all types of high - quality medals , including artistic ones . The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : " Giochi della XVII Olimpiade "), was ___MASK72___ international multi - sport event held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . Rome had been awarded the organization of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but after the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius , was forced to decline and pass the honors to London . Guangzhou , traditionally romanised as Canton , is the capital and largest city of the Province of Guangdong in southeastern China . Located on the Pearl River about north - northwest of ___MASK77___ Kong and north of Macau , Guangzhou was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub . A sovereign state is , in international law , a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area . International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population , defined territory , one government , and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states . It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other ___MASK93___ or state . Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au ( from ) and the atomic number 79 . In its purest form , it is a bright , slightly reddish yellow , dense , soft , malleable , and ductile metal . Chemically , gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element . It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions . Gold often occurs in free elemental ( native ) form , as nuggets or grains , in rocks , in veins , and in alluvial deposits . It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element ___MASK82___ ( as electrum ) and also naturally alloyed with ___MASK28___ and palladium . Less commonly , it occurs in minerals as gold compounds , often with tellurium ( gold tellurides ). Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore , and often referred to as the " Lion City " or the " ___MASK9___ Red Dot ", is a sovereign city - state in Southeast Asia , and the world ' s only island city - state . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia ' s Riau Islands to the south . Singapore ' s territory consists of a diamond - shaped main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( 130 km ), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . ___MASK77___ Kong , officially the ___MASK77___ Kong Special Administrative Region of the People ' s Republic of China , is ___MASK72___ autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of and a population of over 7 . 3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world ' s fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . Asia is Earth ' s largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe . Asia covers ___MASK72___ area of , about 30 % of Earth ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % of the Earth ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4 . 4 billion people . Mainland China , also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland , is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of ___MASK77___ Kong and Macau ; however , it usually includes Hainan . The term " mainland China ", which avoids calling the area simply " China " and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as " the " " China ", was coined by the Kuomintang ( KMT ) after receiving control of Taiwan from Japan after World War II . By 1949 , the KMT - led Republic of China ( ROC ) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of Taiwan where the KMT pledged to " retake the Mainland ". The KMT considers both sides of the Taiwan Strait ( including Taiwan ), as ( one ) " China " and one country , whereas Taiwan ' s Democratic Progressive Party ( DPP ) considers only mainland China as " China " and Taiwan ( ROC ) as " Taiwan " and maintains that they are different countries . Shanghai (": Zånhae " ), often abbreviated as ___MASK29___ or ___MASK36___ , is one of the four direct - controlled municipalities of the People ' s Republic of China . It is the most populous city proper in the world , with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub , with the world ' s busiest container port . Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China , Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast . The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north , south and west , and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea . A multi - sport event is ___MASK72___ organized sports event , often held over multiple days , featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from ( mostly ) nation states . The first major , modern , multi - sport event of international significance is the modern Olympic Games . In international relations , a regional ___MASK93___ is a state that has ___MASK93___ within a geographic region . States which wield unrivalled ___MASK93___ and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony . " ___MASK9___ red dot " ( or " The Red Dot ", or " ___MASK9___ Red Dot ") is a nickname often used in the media , and in casual conversation , as a reference to Singapore . It refers to how the nation is depicted on many maps of the world and of Asia as a red dot . The city - state comprising the main island and all its islets  a total land area of no ___MASK54___ than  is much smaller than its Southeast Asian neighbours . A prefectural - level municipality , prefectural - level city or prefectural city is ___MASK72___ administrative division of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ), ranking below a province and above a county in China ' s administrative structure . Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure ( alongside prefectures , leagues and autonomous prefectures ). Administrative chiefs ( mayors ) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief of a national ministry . Since the 1980s , most former prefectures have been renamed into prefectural level cities . Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , Italy shares open land borders with ___MASK87___ , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , San ___MASK40___ and Vatican City . Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in Italy as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . A National Olympic Committee ( NOC ) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement . Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee , NOCs are responsible for organizing their people ' s participation in the Olympic Games . They ___MASK99___ nominate cities within their respective areas as candidates for future Olympic Games . NOCs also promote the development of athletes and training of coaches and officials at a national level within their geographies . Bronze is ___MASK72___ alloy consisting primarily of copper , commonly with about 12 % tin and often with the addition of other metals ( such as aluminium , manganese , nickel or zinc ) and sometimes non - metals or metalloids such as arsenic , phosphorus or silicon . These additions produce a range of alloys that ___MASK99___ be harder than copper alone , or have other useful properties , such as stiffness , ductility , or machinability . Beijing ( formerly romanised as Peking ) is the capital of the People ' s Republic of China and the world ' s third most populous city proper . It is also one of the world ' s most populous capital cities . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a direct - controlled municipality under the national government with 16 ___MASK81___ , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighbouring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . ___MASK82___ is the metallic element with the atomic number 47 . Its symbol is Ag , from the Latin "", derived from the Greek "  " ( literally " shiny " or " ___MASK70___ "), and ultimately from a Proto - Indo - European language root reconstructed as *" her -", " grey " or " shining ". A soft , ___MASK70___ , lustrous transition metal , it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity , and reflectivity of any metal . The metal is found in the Earth ' s crust in the pure , free elemental form (" native silver "), as ___MASK72___ alloy with gold and other metals , and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper , gold , lead , and zinc refining . ___MASK82___ is more abundant than gold , but it is much less abundant as a native metal . Its purity is typically measured on a per mille basis ; a 94 %- pure alloy is described as " 0 . 940 fine ". Chaoshan or Teoswa is the linguistic and cultural region in the east of Guangdong , China that is developing into a single metropolis . This region is the origin of the ___MASK11___ Nan Teochew dialect . The region , also known as Chiusaan in Cantonese , consists of the cities Jieyang , Chaozhou and Shantou . It differs linguistically from the rest of Guangdong province which consists of Leizhou ___MASK11___ , Yue , and Hakka speakers . It is historically important as the ancestral homeland of many Thais , Singaporeans , and Malaysians of Chinese descent . The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad , first held in 1896 , is ___MASK72___ international multi - sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years . The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host city ' s preparations . In each Olympic event , gold medals are awarded for first place , silver medals are awarded for second place , and bronze medals are awarded for third ; this tradition began in 1904 . The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics . The 2008 Summer Olympic Games , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was a major international multi - sport event that took place in Beijing , China , from 8 to 24 ___MASK89___ 2008 . A total of 10 , 942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( a total of one event more than the schedule of the 2004 Games ). China became the 22nd nation to host the Olympic Games and the 18th to hold a Summer Olympic Games . It was the third time that the Summer Olympic Games were held in East Asia and Asia , after Tokyo , Japan , in 1964 and Seoul , South Korea , in 1988 . Rome is a city and special " comune " ( named " Roma Capitale ") in Italy . Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region . With 2 , 870 , 336 residents in , it is also the country ' s largest and most populated " comune " and fourth - most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4 . 3 million residents . The city is located in the central - western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ), along the shores of Tiber river . The Vatican City is ___MASK72___ independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city : for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states . Tan Howe Liang , PJG ( simplified Chinese :  ; traditional Chinese :  ; pinyin : Chén Hàoliàng ; born 5 ___MASK99___ 1933 in Shantou , Guangdong , China ) is a Singaporean weightlifter who was the first Singaporean to win an Olympic Games medal . He did this in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome where he won the silver medal in the lightweight category . Tan also broke the oldest - standing world record in the lightweight category in the clean and jerk in 1958 . He was the only Olympic medalist in Singapore until the 2008 Summer Olympics . The Commonwealth Games ( known as the British Empire Games from 1930  1950 , the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954  1966 , and British Commonwealth Games from 1970  1974 ) is ___MASK72___ international , multi - sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations . The event was first held in 1930 , and , with the exception of 1942 and 1946 , which were cancelled due to World War II , has taken place every four years since then . A runner - up is a participant who finishes in second place in any of a variety of competitive endeavors , especially sporting events and beauty pageants ; in the latter instance , the term is applied to ___MASK54___ than one of the highest - ranked non - winning contestants , the second - place finisher being designated " first runner - up ", the third - place finisher " second runner - up ", and so on . A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non - military ___MASK63___ . Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture . The Equator usually refers to ___MASK72___ imaginary line on the Earth ' s surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole , dividing the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere . The Equator is about long ; some 78 . 7 % lies across water and 21 . 3 % over land . A world record is usually the best global performance ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill or sport . The book " Guinness World Records " collates and publishes notable records of all types , from first and best to worst human achievements , to extremes in the natural world and beyond . The website " RecordSetter " has begun to take on the same territory , but with a ___MASK54___ inclusive policy , as users submit videos of record attempts in order to try to receive a world record . The website " challengers . guinnessworldrecords . com " is similar to " RecordSetter ", as the record attempts are judged by Guinness World Records adjudicators , but the records to attempt are provided beforehand . The 1908 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the IV Olympiad , were ___MASK72___ international multi - sport event which was held in 1908 in London , England from 27 April to 31 October 1908 . These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome , but were re - located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 . They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now - accepted four - year cycle as opposed to the proposed Intercalated Games alternate four - year cycle . The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin . Lasting a total of 187 days , or 6 months and 4 days , these games were the longest in modern Olympics history . Shenzhen is a major city in Guangdong Province , China . The city is located immediately north of ___MASK77___ Kong Special Administrative Region and holds sub - provincial administrative status , with powers slightly less than a province . Shantou , formerly romanized as Swatow and sometimes known as Santow from its local Teochew pronunciation , is a prefecture - level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong province , China , with a total population of 5 , 391 , 028 as of 2010 and ___MASK72___ administrative area of . Shantou has direct jurisdiction over six districts and one county , and the six urban districts of Shantou have a population of 5 , 330 , 764 . With it and the surrounding cities of Jieyang and Chaozhou , the metropolitan region known as Chaoshan covers ___MASK72___ area of , and had a permanent population of 13 , 937 , 897 at the end of 2010 . It ' s built up area spread of 11 districts was home to 11 , 635 , 577 inhabitants at the 2010 census . Taiwan , officially the Republic of China ( ROC ), is a state in East Asia . Neighbors include China ( officially the People ' s Republic of China , abbreviated as PRC ) to the ___MASK74___ , Japan to the northeast , and the Philippines to the south . Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations , and the one with the largest economy . Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with ___MASK54___ than seventeen thousand islands . At , Indonesia is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has ___MASK72___ estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains ___MASK54___ than half of the country ' s population . Mount Vesuvius ( also " Vesevus " or " Vesaevus " in some ___MASK17___ sources ) is a somma - stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania , Italy , about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore . It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc . Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of ___MASK72___ earlier and originally much higher structure . Sichuan , formerly romanized as Szechwan , is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin between the Himalayas on the ___MASK74___ , the Daba in the north , and the Yungui Plateau to the east . Sichuan ' s capital is Chengdu . The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean , encompassing ___MASK72___ area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around . The area ' s importance largely results from one - third of the world ' s shipping sailing through its waters and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed . Jieyang is a prefecture - level city in Guangdong Province , People ' s Republic of China . It borders Shantou to the east , Chaozhou to the northeast , Meizhou to the north , Shanwei to the ___MASK74___ , and looks out to the South China Sea to the south . East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent , which can be defined in either geographical or ethno - cultural terms . Geographically and geopolitically , it includes China , ___MASK77___ Kong , and Macao ; Mongolia and Taiwan ; North and South Korea ; and Japan ; it covers about , or about 28 % of the Asian continent , about twice the area of Europe . Peninsular Malaysia , also known as ___MASK74___ Malaysia ( formerly Malaya ), is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands . Its area is . It shares a land border with Thailand in the north . To the south is the island of Singapore . Henan is a province of the People ' s Republic of China , located in the central part of the country . Its one - character abbreviation is "" ( yù ), named after Yuzhou , a ___MASK88___ Dynasty state (" zhou ") that included parts of Henan . Although the name of the province means " south of the river ", approximately a quarter of the province lies north of the Yellow River , also known as the " Huang He ". Macau ( literally : " Bay Gate "), ( in Portuguese , which is still widely used in the city ) also spelled Macao ( in English ), officially the Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China , is ___MASK72___ autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia . Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South . Hong Kong lies about to its East across the Delta . With a population of 650 , 900 living in ___MASK72___ area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world . Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia , consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China , east of India , ___MASK74___ of New Guinea and north of Australia . The region lies near the intersection of geological plates , with heavy seismic and volcanic activity . Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions : The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements , most often performed with a barbell : the clean and the jerk . During the " clean ", the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the Deltoids , without resting fully on the Clavicles . During the " jerk " the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the ___MASK59___ , finishing with straight arms and legs , and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell . International mostly means something ( a company , language , or organization ) involving ___MASK54___ than a single country . The term international as a word means involvement of , interaction between or encompassing ___MASK54___ than one nation , or generally beyond national boundaries . For example , international law , which is applied by ___MASK54___ than one country and usually everywhere on Earth , and international language which is a language spoken by residents of ___MASK54___ than one country . A medal or medallion is , strictly speaking , a small , flat , and round ( at times , ovoid ) piece of metal that has been sculpted , molded , cast , struck , stamped , or some way marked with ___MASK72___ insignia , portrait , or other artistic rendering . A medal ___MASK99___ be awarded to a person or organization as a form of recognition for sporting , military , scientific , academic , or various other achievements . Military awards and decorations are more precise terms for certain types of state decoration . Medals ___MASK99___ also be created for sale to commemorate particular individuals or events , or as works of artistic expression in their own right . In the past , medals commissioned for ___MASK72___ individual , typically with their portrait , were often used as a form of diplomatic or personal gift , with no sense of being ___MASK72___ award for the conduct of the recipient . A great ___MASK93___ is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale . Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength , as well as diplomatic and soft ___MASK93___ influence , which ___MASK99___ cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers ' opinions before taking actions of their own . International relations theorists have posited that great ___MASK93___ status can be characterized into ___MASK93___ capabilities , spatial aspects , and status dimensions . Guangdong ( Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People ' s Republic of China . Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung , Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005 , registering 79 . 1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year ; the total population was 104 , 303 , 132 in the 2010 census , accounting for 7 . 79 percent of Mainland China ' s population . The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China . The population increase since the census has been modest , the province at 2014 end had 107 , 240 , 000 people . China , officially the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over 1 . 381 billion , it is the world ' s most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of China , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct - controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ), and two mostly self - governing special administrative regions ( ___MASK77___ Kong and Macau ), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country ' s major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and ___MASK77___ Kong . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower .