dissolved_or_abolished tenochtitlan
Athens (" Athína " ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world ' s oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3 , ___MASK72___ years , and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city - state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus , which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens . A centre for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato ' s Academy and Aristotle ' s Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . In 2015 , Athens was ranked the world ' s 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study . The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula , Hidalgo , Mexico in the early post - classic period of Mesoamerican chronology ( ca ___MASK38___  1168 CE ). The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural predecessors and described Toltec culture emanating from " Tlln " ( Nahuatl for Tula ) as the epitome of civilization ; indeed in the Nahuatl language the word " Tltcatl " ( singular ) or " Tltcah " ( plural ) came to take on the meaning " artisan ". The Aztec oral and pictographic tradition also described the history of the Toltec Empire , giving lists of rulers and their exploits . The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present - day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State of Mexico . Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes , the Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre - Columbian civilizations , including Teotihuacan , the Toltec , and the Aztec . The ancient Aztec term " Anahuac ( Land Between the Waters ) " and the phrase Basin of Mexico are both used at times to refer to the Valley of Mexico . The Basin of Mexico became a well known site that epitomized the scene of early Classic Mesoamerican cultural development as well . Year ___MASK60___ ( MCCCXXV ) was a common year starting on Tuesday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar . A city - state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city - states during the Renaissance  but today only a handful of sovereign city - states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city - states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city - state and microstate , located on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco has an area of and a population of about 37 , 800 ; it is the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world . Monaco has a land border of , a coastline of , and a width that varies between . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires " Ward ", which is above sea level . Monaco ' s most populous " Quartier " is Monte Carlo and the most populous " Ward " is Larvotto / Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco ' s land mass has expanded by twenty percent . Monaco is known as a playground for the rich and famous , due to its tax laws . In ___MASK67___ , it was noted about 30 % of the population was made up of millionaires , more than in Zürich or Geneva . Mexico - Tenochtitlan ( Spanish : México - Tenochtitlan , Spanish pronunciation : ( mexiko tenottitan ) ) , commonly known as Tenochtitlan ( Classical Nahuatl : Tenchtitlan ( tenot  tit  an ) ) was an Aztec altepetl ( city - state ) located on an island in Lake Texcoco , in the Valley of Mexico . Founded on June 20 of ___MASK60___ , it became the capital of the expanding Mexican Empire in the 15th century , until captured by the Spanish in ___MASK15___ . At its peak it was the largest city in the Pre - Columbian Americas . It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in Mexico City ' s downtown . Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexican altepetl ( city - states ) on the island , the other being Tlatelolco . The Mexica ( Nahuatl : " Mxihcah ", ; the singular is " Mxihcatl " ) or Mexicas were an indigenous people of the Valley of Mexico , known today as the rulers of the Aztec Empire . Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore , and often referred to as the " Lion City " or the " Little Red Dot ", is a sovereign city - state in Southeast Asia , and the world ' s only island city - state . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia ' s Riau Islands to the south . Singapore ' s territory consists of a diamond - shaped main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( ___MASK89___ km ), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . The Aztec Empire , or the Triple Alliance (]), began as an alliance of three Nahua " altepetl " city - states : Mexico - Tenochtitlan , Mexico - Texcoco , and Mexico - Tlacopan . These three city - states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico from ___MASK62___ until they were defeated by the combined forces of the Spanish " conquistadores " and their native allies under Hernán Cortés in 1521 . The Julian calendar , proposed by Julius Caesar in ___MASK46___ BC ( 708 AUC ), was a reform of the Roman calendar . It took effect on 1 January 45 BC ( AUC 709 ) ( shortly before the Roman conquest of Egypt ), by edict . It was the predominant calendar in the Roman world , most of Europe , and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere , until it was refined and gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar , promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII . The Julian calendar gains against the mean tropical year at the rate of one day in 128 years . For the Gregorian the figure is one day in 3 , 030 years . The difference in the average length of the year between Julian ( 365 . 25 days ) and Gregorian ( 365 . 2425 days ) is 0 . 002 %. A common year starting on Tuesday is any non - leap year ( i . e . a year with 365 days ) that begins on Tuesday , 1 January , and ends on Tuesday , 31 December . Its dominical letter hence is F . The most recent year of such kind was ___MASK84___ and the next one will be 2019 in the Gregorian calendar or , likewise , ___MASK67___ and 2025 in the obsolete Julian calendar , see below for more .