country korea university 
Tokyo , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of ___MASK8___ and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of ___MASK8___ and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kant region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the . Pythagoras of Samos ( or simply ;  in Ionian Greek ) was an Ionian Greek philosopher , mathematician , and the putative founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism . Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived , so very little reliable information is known about him . He was born on the island of Samos , and travelled , visiting ___MASK61___ and ___MASK79___ , and maybe India . Around 530 BC , he moved to Croton , in Magna Graecia , and there established some kind of school or guild . In 520 BC , he returned to Samos . Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient ___MASK79___ . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th - century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . ___MASK10___ , officially the Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea ( DPRK ), is a country in East Asia , in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula . Pyongyang is both the nation ' s capital as well as its largest city . To the north and northwest the country is bordered by ___MASK67___ and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in ___MASK67___ ) and Tumen rivers . The country is bordered to the south by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two . The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in ___MASK38___ . It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of ___MASK8___ ( East Sea ) to the east , and the Yellow Sea ( West Sea ) to the west , the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water . The is a geographical area of Honshu , the largest island of ___MASK8___ . The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures : Gunma , Tochigi , Ibaraki , Saitama , Tokyo , Chiba , and Kanagawa . Within its boundaries , slightly more than 45 percent of the land area is the Kant Plain . The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form the land borders . In official census count on October 1 , 2010 by the ___MASK8___ Statistics Bureau , the population was 42 , 607 , 376 amounting to approximately one third of the total population of ___MASK8___ . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the ___MASK63___ , consisting of the Kant region of ___MASK8___ , including the Tokyo Metropolis , as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi . In Japanese , it is referred to by various terms , the most common of which being . Pyongyang ((), , literally : " Flat Land " or " Peaceful Land ") is the capital and largest city of the Democratic People  s Republic of ___MASK41___ ( commonly known as ___MASK10___ ). Undergraduate education is the post - secondary education previous to the postgraduate education . It includes all the academic programs up to the level of a bachelor ' s degree . For example , in the ___MASK28___ an entry level university student is known as an undergraduate , while students of higher degrees are known as graduates . In some other educational systems and subjects , undergraduate education is post - secondary education up to the level of a master ' s degree ; this is the case for some science courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe . Philosophy ( from Greek , " philosophia ", literally " love of wisdom ") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence , knowledge , values , reason , mind , and language . The term was probably coined by Pythagoras ( c . 570  c . 495 BC ). Philosophical methods include questioning , critical discussion , rational argument and systematic presentation . Classic philosophical questions include : Is it possible to know anything and to prove it ? What is most real ? However , philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as : Is there a best way to live ? Is it better to be just or unjust ( if one can get away with it )? Do humans have free will ? Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the principles of engineering , physics , and materials science for the design , analysis , manufacturing , and maintenance of mechanical systems . It is the branch of engineering that involves the design , production , and operation of machinery . It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines . The Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) is a highly militarized strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula . It was established at the end of the Korean War to serve as a buffer zone between the Democratic People ' s Republic of ___MASK41___ ( ___MASK10___ ) and the Republic of ___MASK41___ ( ___MASK23___ ). The DMZ is a " de facto " border barrier that divides the Korean Peninsula roughly in half . It was created by agreement between ___MASK10___ , ___MASK67___ and the United Nations in 1953 . The DMZ is long , and about wide . The Emperor of ___MASK8___ is the head of the Imperial Family and is the ceremonial head of state of ___MASK8___ ' s system of constitutional monarchy . According to the 1947 constitution , he is " the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people ." Historically , he is also the highest authority of the Shinto religion as he and his family are said to be the direct descendants of the sun - goddess Amaterasu , and his importance also lies in dealing with heavenly affairs , including Shinto ritual and rites throughout the nation . ___MASK67___ , officially the People ' s Republic of ___MASK67___ ( PRC ), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over 1 . 381 billion , it is the world ' s most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of ___MASK67___ , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct - controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ), and two mostly self - governing special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau ), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country ' s major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and Hong Kong . ___MASK67___ is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . A historian is a person who researches , studies , and writes about the past , and is regarded as an authority on it . Historians are concerned with the continuous , methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race ; as well as the study of all history in time . If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history , the individual is a historian of prehistory . Although " historian " can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike , it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline . Some historians , though , are recognized by publications or training and experience . " Historian " became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in ___MASK56___ and elsewhere . ___MASK38___ is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent , which can be defined in either geographical or ethno - cultural terms . Geographically and geopolitically , it includes ___MASK67___ , Hong Kong , and Macao ; Mongolia and Taiwan ; North and South Korea ; and ___MASK8___ ; it covers about , or about 28 % of the Asian continent , about twice the area of Europe . , also romanized as Jedo , Yedo or Yeddo , is the former name of Tokyo . It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate , which ruled ___MASK8___ from 1603 to 1868 . During this period , it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a " floating world ". Geography ( from Greek , " geographia ", literally " earth description ") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands , the features , the inhabitants , and the phenomena of Earth . The first person to use the word "  " was Eratosthenes ( 276  194 BC ). Geography is an all - encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexities  not merely where objects are , but how they have changed and come to be . It is often defined in terms of the two branches of human geography and physical geography . The four historical traditions in geographical research are : spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena , area studies of places and regions , studies of human - land relationships , and the Earth sciences . Geography has been called " the ___MASK63___ discipline " and " the bridge between the human and the physical sciences ". , or , was the 122nd Emperor of ___MASK8___ according to the traditional order of succession , reigning from February 3 , 1867 until his death on July 30 , 1912 . He presided over a time of rapid change in the Empire of ___MASK8___ , as the nation quickly changed from a feudal state to a capitalist and imperial world power , characterized by the Japanese industrial revolution . Earth , otherwise known as the ___MASK63___ , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets . The interdisciplinarity field of materials science , also commonly termed materials science and engineering , involves the discovery and design of new materials , with an emphasis on solids . The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment , when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry , physics , and engineering to understand ancient , phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy . Materials science still incorporates elements of physics , chemistry , and engineering . As such , the field was long considered by academic institutions as a sub - field of these related fields . Beginning in the 1940s , materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering , and major technical universities around the ___MASK63___ created dedicated schools of the study . Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face are due to the limits of the materials that are available . Thus , breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly . The current capital of ___MASK8___ is Tokyo . In the course of history , the national capital has been in many locations other than Tokyo . The are a group of volcanic islands stretching south and east from the Izu Peninsula of Honsh , ___MASK8___ . Administratively , they form two towns and six villages ; all part of Tokyo Prefecture . The largest is Izu shima , usually called simply shima . ___MASK23___ , officially the Republic of Korea ( ROK ), is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Name . In Japanese , the city has been called Ky , Miyako , or Ky no Miyako . In the 11th century , the city was renamed Kyoto (" capital city "), after the ___MASK74___ word for capital city , '. After the city of Edo was renamed Tokyo ( meaning " Eastern Capital ") in 1868 , and the seat of the Emperor was transferred there , Kyoto was known for a short time as Saiky ( meaning " Western Capital "). A was the military dictator of ___MASK8___ during the period from 1185 to 1868 ( with exceptions ). In most of this period , the shoguns were the " de facto " rulers of the country ; although nominally they were appointed by the Emperor as a ceremonial formality . The Shogun held almost absolute power over territories through military means . Nevertheless , an unusual situation occurred in the Kamakura period ( 1199  1333 ) upon the death of the first shogun , whereby the Hj clan ' s hereditary titles of " shikken " ( 1199 - 1256 ) and " tokus " ( 1256  1333 ) monopolized the shogunate as dictatorial positions , collectively known as the . The shogun during this 134 - year period met the same fate as the Emperor and was reduced to a figurehead until a coup in 1333 , when the Shogun was restored to power in the name of the Emperor . ___MASK8___ (" Nippon " or " Nihon " ; formally "" or " Nihon - koku ", means " State of ___MASK8___ ") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia . Located in the Pacific Ocean , It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland ( east of China , Korea , Russia ) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest . History ( from Greek , " historia ", meaning " inquiry , knowledge acquired by investigation ") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents . Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory . It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory , discovery , collection , organization , presentation , and interpretation of information about these events . Scholars who write about history are called historians . Literature , in its broadest sense , is any single body of written works . More restrictively , it is writing considered as an art form , or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value , often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage . Its Latin root " literatura "/" litteratura " ( derived itself from " littera ": " letter " or " handwriting ") was used to refer to all written accounts , though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung ( oral literature ). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non - fiction and whether it is poetry or prose ; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel , short story or drama ; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations ( genre ). , commonly known as Tokyo Metro , is a rapid transit system in Tokyo , ___MASK8___ . While it is not the only rapid transit system operating in Tokyo , it has the higher ridership among the two operators : in 2014 , the Tokyo Metro had an average daily ridership of 6 . 84 million passengers , while the other system , the Toei Subway , had 2 . 85 million average daily rides . Hanja is the Korean name for ___MASK74___ characters . More specifically , it refers to those ___MASK74___ characters borrowed from ___MASK74___ and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation . " Hanja - mal " or " hanja - eo " refers to words that can be written with hanja , and " hanmun " refers to Classical ___MASK74___ writing , although " hanja " is sometimes used loosely to encompass these other concepts . Because hanja never underwent major reform , they are almost entirely identical to traditional ___MASK74___ and " kyjitai " characters . Only a small number of hanja characters are modified or unique to Korean . By contrast , many of the ___MASK74___ characters currently in use in ___MASK8___ and Mainland China have been simplified , and contain fewer strokes than the corresponding hanja characters . The General Association of Korean Residents in ___MASK8___ ( Chae Ilbon Chosnin Ch ' ongrynhaphoe in Korean or Zai - Nihon Chsenjin Srengkai in Japanese ), abbreviated to Chongryon ( Korean : , Hanja : ) or Chsen Sren ( Japanese : ), is one of two main organisations for " Zainichi " ( or " Jaeil ") Koreans ( long - term Korean residents in ___MASK8___ ), and has close ties to North Korea ( DPRK ). As there are no diplomatic relations between the two states , it has functioned as North Korea ' s " de facto " embassy in ___MASK8___ . ___MASK41___ University is a university located in Kodaira , Tokyo . It was established by ethnic activist association and de facto North Korean embassy Chongryon on 10 April 1956 . Korean is the medium of instruction . It operates seven four - year faculties : political economy ( including courses in philosophy under its rubric ) , literature , history and geography , management , foreign languages , science ( physics , mathematics , and biochemistry ) and technology ( mechanical engineering , electronic engineering , and metallurgy ) . The university also runs two and three - year normal school programmes , as well as a two - year post - graduate school . The university has received funding directly from the government of ___MASK10___ every year since 1957 ; for example , in 2002 , it received ¥ 132 , 420 , 000 in funding at the direction of Kim Jong - il . Most students become teachers at Chongryon - affiliated schools after graduation . As of July 2001 , the university ' s rector is Chang Byong Tae , a graduate of Kyoto University and a former researcher in solid - state chemistry with France ' s Centre national de la recherche scientifique . A university (" a whole ", " a corporation ") is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education .