place_of_death edmund musgrave barttelot
The ___MASK68___ of Great Britain and ___MASK78___ , commonly known as the ___MASK68___ ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . ___MASK78___ is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North ___MASK41___ to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic ___MASK41___ to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish ___MASK41___ lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . The Universe is all of time and space and its contents . It includes planets , moons , minor planets , stars , galaxies , the contents of intergalactic space , and all matter and energy . The size of the entire Universe is ___MASK75___ . Joseph Conrad ( born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski ; 3 December 1857  3 ___MASK69___ 1924 ) was a Polish - British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language . He joined the British merchant marine in 1878 , and was granted British nationality in 1886 . Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties , he was a master prose stylist who brought a non - English sensibility into English literature . He wrote stories and novels , many with a nautical setting , that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an impassive , inscrutable universe . Conrad is considered an early modernist , though his works still contain elements of 19th - century realism . His narrative style and anti - heroic characters have influenced many authors , including F . Scott Fitzgerald , William Faulkner , Ernest Hemingway , André Malraux , ___MASK31___ Orwell , Graham Greene , Gabriel García Márquez , John le Carré , V . S . Naipaul , Philip Roth , J . M . Coetzee , and Salman Rushdie . Many films have been adapted from , or inspired by , Conrad ' s works . Ernest ___MASK42___ Hemingway ( July 21 , 1899  July 2 , 1961 ) was an American novelist , short story writer , and journalist . His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th - century fiction , while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations . Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid - 1920s and the mid - 1950s , and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 . He published seven novels , six short story collections , and two non - fiction works . Additional works , including three novels , four short story collections , and three non - fiction works , were published posthumously . Many of his works are considered classics of American literature . ___MASK73___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - ___MASK55___ - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean ___MASK41___ to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red ___MASK41___ along the ___MASK47___ to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald ( September 24 , 1896  December 21 , 1940 ), known professionally as F . Scott Fitzgerald , was an American novelist and short story writer , whose works illustrate the Jazz Age . While he achieved limited success in his lifetime , he is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century . Fitzgerald is considered a member of the " Lost Generation " of the 1920s . He finished four novels : " This ___MASK58___ of ___MASK64___ ", " The Beautiful and Damned ", " The Great Gatsby ", and " Tender Is the Night ". A fifth , unfinished novel , " The Love of the Last Tycoon ", was published posthumously . Fitzgerald also wrote numerous short stories , many of which treat themes of youth and promise , and age and despair . John Maxwell " J . M ." Coetzee ( born 9 February 1940 ) is a South African novelist , essayist , linguist , translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature . He relocated to ___MASK21___ in 2002 and lives in Adelaide . He became an Australian citizen in 2006 . Equatoria is a region of southern South ___MASK79___ , along the upper reaches of the White ___MASK93___ . Originally a province of ___MASK56___ , it also contained most of northern parts of present - day Uganda , including Lake Albert . It was an idealistic effort to create a model state in the interior of Africa that never consisted of more than a handful of adventurers and soldiers in isolated outposts . The Congo Free State (" Independent State of the Congo ") was a large state in ___MASK1___ from 1885 to 1908 , which was in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium under Leopold II . Leopold was able to procure the region by convincing the European community that he was involved in humanitarian and philanthropic work and would not tax trade . Via the International Association of the Congo he was able to lay claim to most of the Congo basin . On May 29 , 1885 , the king named his new colony the Congo Free State . The state would eventually include an area about the size of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo . Edmund Musgrave Barttelot ( 28 ___MASK39___ 1859 -- 19 July 1888 ) was a British Army officer , who became notorious after his allegedly brutal and deranged behaviour during his disastrous command of the rear column left in the Congo during H . M . ___MASK71___ ' s Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . He has often been identified as one of the sources for the character of Kurtz in Joseph Conrad ' s novel Heart of Darkness . Heart of Darkness ( 1899 ) is a novella by Polish - British novelist Joseph Conrad , about a voyage up the ___MASK94___ into the Congo Free State , in the heart of Africa , by the story ' s narrator ___MASK17___ . ___MASK17___ tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River ___MASK29___ , ___MASK52___ , ___MASK72___ . This setting provides the frame for ___MASK17___ ' s story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz , which enables Conrad to create a parallel between ___MASK52___ and Africa as places of darkness . The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition of 1886 to 1889 was one of the last major European expeditions into the interior of ___MASK73___ in the nineteenth century , ostensibly to the relief of Emin Pasha , General Charles Gordon ' s besieged governor of Equatoria , threatened by Mahdist forces . The expedition was led by Henry ___MASK99___ ___MASK71___ and came to be both celebrated for its ambition in crossing " darkest ___MASK73___ ", and notorious for the deaths of so many of its members and the disease unwittingly left in its wake . Sir Henry ___MASK99___ ___MASK71___ GCB ( born John Rowlands ; 28 January 1841  10 May 1904 ) was a Welsh - American journalist and explorer who was famous for his exploration of ___MASK1___ and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone . Upon finding Livingstone , ___MASK71___ reportedly asked , " Dr . Livingstone , I presume ?" ___MASK71___ is also known for his search for the source of the Nile , his work in and development of the Congo Basin region in association with King Leopold II of the Belgians , and commanding the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . He was knighted in 1899 . William Cuthbert Faulkner ( September 25 , 1897  July 6 , 1962 ) was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from ___MASK81___ , ___MASK76___ . Faulkner wrote novels , short stories , a play , poetry , essays , and screenplays . He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County , based on ___MASK44___ County , ___MASK76___ , where he spent most of his life . David John ___MASK14___ Cornwell , alias John le Carré , ( born 19 October 1931 ) is a British author of espionage novels . During the 1950s and the 1960s , he worked for the Security Service and the Secret Intelligence Service , and began writing novels under his pen name . His third novel , " The Spy Who Came in from the Cold " ( 1963 ), became an international best - seller , and remains one of his best - known works . Following the success of this novel , he left MI6 to become a full - time author . The ___MASK94___ ( also known as the Zaire River ) is a river in Africa . It is the second largest river in the world by discharge ( after the ___MASK84___ ), and the world ' s deepest river with measured depths in excess of . The Congo - Chambeshi river has an overall length of , which makes it the ninth - longest river ( in terms of discharge , the Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River , Lualaba being the name of the ___MASK94___ upstream of the Boyoma Falls , extending for 1 , 800 km ). Measured along the Lualaba , the ___MASK94___ has a total length of . It crosses the equator twice . The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4 million km , or 13 % of the entire African landmass . André Malraux DSO ( 3 November 1901  23 November 1976 ) was a French novelist , art theorist and Minister of Cultural Affairs . Malraux ' s novel " La Condition Humaine " ( Man ' s Fate ) ( 1933 ) won the Prix Goncourt . He was appointed by President Charles de Gaulle as Minister of Information ( 1945  1946 ) and subsequently as ___MASK89___ ' s first Minister of Cultural Affairs during de Gaulle ' s presidency ( 1959  1969 ). The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the ___MASK68___ . The force was initially administered by the War Office from ___MASK52___ , which in 1964 was subsumed into the Ministry of Defence . The professional head of the British Army is the Chief of the General Staff . Henry ___MASK67___ Greene ( 2 October 1904  3 April 1991 ), better known by his pen name ___MASK67___ Greene , was an English novelist regarded by some as one of the great writers of the 20th century . Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity , Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer , both of serious Catholic novels , and of thrillers ( or " entertainments " as he termed them ). He was shortlisted , in 1967 , for the Nobel Prize for Literature . Through 67 years of writings , which included over 25 novels , he explored the ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world , often through a Catholic perspective . Mehmed Emin Pasha ( born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer , baptized Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer ; ___MASK39___ 28 , 1840  October 23 , 1892 ) was an Ottoman - German Jewish physician , naturalist , and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper ___MASK93___ . The Ottoman Empire conferred the title " Pasha " on him in 1886 , and thereafter he was referred to as " Emin Pasha ". Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903  21 January 1950 ), better known by the pen name ___MASK31___ Orwell , was an English novelist , essayist , journalist , and critic . His work is marked by lucid prose , awareness of social injustice , opposition to totalitarianism , and outspoken support of democratic socialism . Sir Ahmad Salman Rushdie , FRSL ((    ), ( Nastalq ); born 19 June 1947 ) is a British Indian novelist and essayist . His second novel , " Midnight ' s Children " ( 1981 ), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be " the ___MASK45___ novel of all winners " on two separate occasions , marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize . Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent . He combines magical realism with historical fiction ; his work is concerned with the many connections , disruptions , and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations . Philip ___MASK11___ Roth ( born March 19 , 1933 ) is an American novelist . The River ___MASK29___ is a river that flows through southern ___MASK72___ . At , it is the longest river entirely in ___MASK72___ and the second longest in the United Kingdom , after the River Severn . It also flows through Oxford ( where it is called Isis ), ___MASK4___ , Henley - on - ___MASK29___ and ___MASK92___ . The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway , derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock . It rises at ___MASK29___ Head in Gloucestershire , and flows into the North ___MASK41___ via the ___MASK29___ Estuary . The ___MASK29___ drains the whole of Greater London .