genre zelmira
A pen name (" nom de plume ", or " literary double ") is a pseudonym ( or , in some cases , a variant form of a real name ) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by - line of his or her works in place of their " real " name . A pen name may be used to make the author ' s name more distinctive , to disguise his or her ___MASK42___ , to distance an author from some or all of his or her previous works , to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings , to combine more than one author into a single author , or for any of a number of reasons related to the ___MASK15___ or aesthetic presentation of the work . The author ' s name may be known only to the publisher , or may come to be common knowledge . ___MASK48___ ( plural : " opere serie "; usually called " dramma per musica " or " melodramma serio ") is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and " serious " style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to c . 1770 . The term itself was rarely used at the time and only attained common usage once " ___MASK48___ " was becoming unfashionable and beginning to be viewed as a historical genre . The popular rival to " ___MASK48___ " was " opera buffa ," the ' comic ' opera that took its cue from the improvisatory commedia dell ' arte . A composer ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a person who creates or writes ___MASK96___ , which can be ___MASK29___ ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental ___MASK96___ ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or ___MASK96___ which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., opera or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical ___MASK96___ through creation of works expressed in written musical notation ( e . g ., sheet ___MASK96___ scores ). Andrea Leone Tottola ( died 15 September 1831 ) was a prolific Italian librettist , best known for his work with Gaetano Donizetti and Gioachino Rossini . It is not known when or where he was born . He became the official ___MASK33___ to the royal theatres in Naples and agent for the impresario Domenico Barbaia , and started writing librettos in 1802 . An aria ( plural : " arie " , or " arias " in common usage , diminutive form arietta or ariette ) in ___MASK96___ was originally any expressive melody , usually , but not always , performed by a singer . The term became used almost exclusively to describe a self - contained piece for one voice , with or without orchestral accompaniment , normally part of a larger work . The typical context for arias is ___MASK16___ , but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas , sharing features of the operatic arias of their periods . Background . In July 1791 , the last year of his life , Mozart was already well advanced in writing ' when he was asked to compose an " ___MASK48___ ". The commission came from the impresario Domenico Guardasoni , who lived in Prague and who had been charged by the Estates of Bohemia with providing a new work to celebrate the coronation of Leopold II , Holy Roman Emperor , as King of Bohemia . The coronation had been planned by the Estates in order to ratify a political agreement between Leopold and the nobility of Bohemia ( it had rescinded efforts of Leopold ' s brother Joseph II to initiate a program to free the serfs of Bohemia and increase the tax burden of aristocratic landholders ). Leopold desired to pacify the Bohemian nobility in order to forestall revolt and strengthen his empire in the face of political challenges engendered by the French Revolution . The ceremony was to take place on 6 September ; Guardasoni had been approached about the opera in June . No opera of Mozart was more clearly pressed into the service of a political agenda than ', in this case to promote the reactionary political and social policies of an aristocratic elite . No evidence exists to evaluate Mozart ' s attitude toward this , or even whether he was aware of the internal political conflicts raging in the kingdom of Bohemia in 1791 . Domenico Guardasoni ( c . 1731  14 June 1806 ) was an Italian tenor singer , ___MASK16___ producer and impresario . Le Rouge et le Noir ( French for The Red and the Black ) is a historical ___MASK77___ in two volumes by Stendhal , published in 1830 . It chronicles the attempts of a provincial young man to rise socially beyond his modest upbringing through a combination of talent , hard work , deception , and hypocrisy . He ultimately allows his passions to betray him . Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti ( 29 November 1797  8 April 1848 ) was an Italian composer . Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini , Donizetti was a leading composer of the " bel canto " ___MASK16___ style during the first half of the nineteenth century . Donizetti ' s close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi ( 1813 - 1901 ). Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character  in theatre , ___MASK81___ , film , ___MASK55___ , or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode . An ___MASK16___ house is a theatre building used for ___MASK16___ performances that consists of a stage , an ___MASK56___ pit , audience seating , and backstage facilities for costumes and set building . While some venues are constructed specifically for operas , other ___MASK16___ houses are part of larger performing arts centers . ___MASK16___ ( English plural : " operas "; Italian plural : " opere " ) is an ___MASK14___ form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and ___MASK26___ score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional opera , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . ___MASK16___ incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller ___MASK26___ ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . An impresario ( from the Italian " impresa ", ' an enterprise or undertaking ') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts , plays , or operas , performing a role similar to that of an artist manager or a film or ___MASK81___ producer . The term originated in the social and economic world of Italian opera , in which from the mid - 18th century to the 1830s , the impresario was the key figure in the organization of a lyric season . The owners of the theatre , usually noble amateurs , charged the impresario with hiring a composer ( until the 1850s operas were expected to be new ) and the ___MASK56___ , singers , costumes and sets , all while assuming considerable financial risk . In 1786 Mozart satirized the stress and emotional mayhem in a single - act ___MASK91___ " Der Schauspieldirektor " (" The Impresario "). Antonio Vivaldi was unusual in acting as both impresario and composer ; in 1714 he managed seasons at Teatro San Angelo in Venice , where his opera " Orlando finto pazzo " was followed by numerous others . ___MASK21___ is a performance ___MASK14___ form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement . This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value , and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture . ___MASK21___ can be categorized and described by its choreography , by its repertoire of movements , or by its historical period or place of origin . Costume is the distinctive style of dress of an individual or group that reflects their class , ___MASK42___ , profession , ethnicity , nationality , activity or epoch . Gioachino Antonio Rossini ( 29 February 179213 November 1868 ) was an Italian composer who wrote operas , as well as some sacred ___MASK96___ , songs , ___MASK43___ and piano pieces . A ___MASK12___ is the text used in , or intended for , an extended ___MASK26___ work such as an opera , operetta , masque , oratorio , ___MASK74___ or ___MASK26___ . The term " ___MASK12___ " is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works , such as the Mass , requiem and sacred ___MASK74___ , or the story line of a ___MASK94___ . ___MASK85___ is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance . The term comes from a Greek word meaning " action " ( Classical Greek : , " ___MASK85___ "), which is derived from " to do " ( Classical Greek : , " drao "). The two masks associated with ___MASK85___ represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy . They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses , Thalia , and Melpomene . Thalia was the Muse of comedy ( the laughing face ), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy ( the weeping face ). Considered as a genre of poetry in general , the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle ' s " Poetics " ( c . 335 BCE ) the earliest work of dramatic theory . A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power , usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon the monarch ' s head and the presentation of other items of regalia . The ceremony can also be conducted for the monarch ' s consort , either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event . A ceremony without the placement of a crown on the person ' s head is known as an enthronement . The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch , acts of homage by the new ruler ' s subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation . Once a vital ritual among the world ' s monarchies , coronations have changed over time for a ___MASK76___ of socio - political and religious factors ; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether , preferring simpler enthronement , investiture or benediction ceremonies . Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom , Tonga , and several Asian and African countries . In common usage today , " coronation " normally refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch , whether or not an actual crown is bestowed . Zelmira ( Italian pronunciation : ( dzelmira ) ) is an ___MASK16___ in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to a ___MASK12___ by Andrea Leone Tottola . Based on the French ___MASK64___ , Zelmire by de Belloy , it was the last of the composer ' s Neapolitan operas . Stendhal called its music Teutonic , comparing it with La clemenza di Tito but remarking : `` ... while Mozart would probably , had he lived , have grown completely Italian , Rossini may well , by the end of his career , have become more German than Beethoven himself ! '' A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or ___MASK9___ with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past . Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes ( like lawyers ' wigs or military officers ' spurs ), but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings . Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands of years  the word " tradition " itself derives from the Latin " tradere " or " traderer " literally meaning to transmit , to hand over , to give for safekeeping . While it is commonly assumed that traditions have ancient history , many traditions have been invented on purpose , whether that be political or cultural , over short periods of time . Various academic disciplines also use the word in a variety of ways . A ___MASK26___ ensemble , also known as a music group or ___MASK26___ group , is a group of people who perform instrumental and / or ___MASK29___ , with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name . Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments , such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra . Some music ensembles consist solely of singers , such as choirs and doo wop groups . In both popular music and classical music , there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform , such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo ( harpsichord and cello ) and one or more singers . In classical music , trios or quartets either blend the sounds of ___MASK26___ instrument families ( such as piano , strings , and wind instruments ) or group together instruments from the same instrument family , such as string ensembles ( e . g ., string quartet ) or wind ensembles ( e . g ., wind quintet ). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families , such as the orchestra , which uses a string section , brass instruments , woodwinds and percussion instruments , or the concert band , which uses brass , woodwinds and percussion . Recitative ( also known by its Italian name " recitativo ") is a style of delivery ( much used in operas , oratorios , and cantatas ) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech . Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do . It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal ___MASK26___ composition . ___MASK43___ is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments  traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room . Most broadly , it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers , with one performer to a part ( in contrast to orchestral music , in which each string part is played by a number of performers ). However , by convention , it usually does not include solo instrument performances . The French Revolution was a period of far - reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799 , and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire . The Revolution overthrew the monarchy , established a republic , experienced violent periods of political turmoil , and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to ___MASK84___ Europe and beyond . Inspired by liberal and radical ideas , the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern ___MASK44___ , triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies . Through the Revolutionary Wars , it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East . Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human ___MASK44___ . A musician ( or instrumentalist ) is a person who plays a ___MASK26___ instrument or is musically talented . Anyone who composes , conducts , or performs music may also be referred to as a musician . Theatre or ___MASK7___ is a collaborative form of fine ___MASK14___ that uses live performers , typically actors or actresses , to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place , often a stage . The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture , speech , ___MASK100___ , music , and dance . Elements of ___MASK14___ , such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality , presence and immediacy of the experience . The specific place of the performance is also named by the word " theatre " as derived from the Ancient Greek  ( théatron , " a place for viewing "), itself from  ( theáomai , " to see ", " to watch ", " to observe "). Domenico Barbaia ( also spelled Barbaja ; 10 August 1777  19 October 1841 ) was best known as an ___MASK16___ Italian impresario . Marie - Henri Beyle ( 23 January 1783  23 ___MASK34___ 1842 ), better known by his pen name Stendhal ( or ; in English , , or ), was a 19th - century French writer . Best known for the novels " Le Rouge et le Noir " (" The Red and the Black ", 1830 ) and " La Chartreuse de Parme " (" The Charterhouse of Parma ", 1839 ), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters ' ___MASK20___ and considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of ___MASK2___ . Leopold II ( Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard ; 5 May 1747 1 ___MASK34___ 1792 ) was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792 , Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790 . He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife , Empress Maria Theresa , thus the brother of Marie Antoinette . Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism . Naples ( Neapolitan : " Napule " or ; meaning " new city ") is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third - largest municipality in Italy , after Rome and Milan . In 2015 , around 975 , 260 people lived within the city ' s administrative limits . The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3 , 115 , 320 . Naples is the 9th - most populous ___MASK22___ area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3 . 7 million . About 4 . 4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area , one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea . An ___MASK56___ is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music , which features string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and percussion instruments , grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances of some modern compositions , electronic instruments . The piano is an acoustic , stringed ___MASK26___ instrument , in which the strings are struck by hammers . It is played using a keyboard , which is a row of keys ( small levers ) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings . Invented in about 1700 ( the exact year is uncertain ), the piano is widely employed in classical , jazz , traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances , accompaniment , and for composing , songwriting and rehearsals . Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive ( in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments , such as the acoustic guitar ), its ___MASK26___ versatility ( i . e ., its wide pitch range , ability to ___MASK64___ chords with up to 10 notes , louder or softer notes and two or more independent ___MASK26___ lines at the same time ), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it , and its wide availability in performance venues , schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world ' s most familiar ___MASK26___ instruments . The Charterhouse of Parma is a ___MASK38___ by Stendhal published in 1839 . Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later , it was admired by Balzac , Tolstoy , André Gide and Henry ___MASK79___ . The ___MASK38___ has been adapted for opera , film and television .