country_of_citizenship pope paul iv
Rome is a city and special " comune " ( named " Roma Capitale ") in ___MASK15___ . Rome is the capital of ___MASK15___ and of the Lazio region . With 2 , 870 , 336 residents in , it is also the country ' s largest and most populated " comune " and fourth - most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4 . 3 million residents . The city is located in the central - western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ), along the shores of Tiber river . The ___MASK25___ is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city : for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states . Marche , or The Marches , is one of the twenty regions of ___MASK15___ . The name of the region derives from the plural name of " marca ", originally referring to the medieval March of Ancona and nearby marches of Camerino and Fermo . Umbria , is a region of historic and modern central ___MASK15___ . It is the only Italian region having neither a coastline nor a border with other countries . It includes the Lake Trasimeno , Marmore ' s Falls , and is crossed by the River Tiber . The regional capital is Perugia . Umbria is known for its landscapes , traditions , history , culinary delights , artistic legacy , and influence on culture . Romagna ( Romagnol : " Rumâgna ") is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south - eastern portion of present - day Emilia - Romagna . Traditionally , it is limited by the Apennines to the south - west , the Adriatic to the east , and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west . The region ' s major cities include Cesena , Faenza , Forlì , Imola , Ravenna , Rimini and City of ___MASK57___ ( ___MASK57___ is a landlocked state inside the Romagna historical region ). The region has been recently formally expanded with the transfer of seven comuni ( Casteldelci , Maiolo , Novafeltria , Pennabilli , San Leo , Sant ' Agata Feltria , Talamello ) from the Marche region , which are a small number of comuni where Romagnolo dialect is spoken . Etymology . The name " Romagna " comes from the Latin name " Romània ", which originally was the generic name for " land inhabited by Romans ", and first appeared on Latin documents in the 5th century . It later took on the more detailed meaning of " territory subjected to Eastern Roman rule ", whose citizens called themselves Romans (" Romani " in Latin ; " Romàioi " in Greek ). Thus the term " Romània " came to be used to refer to the territory administered by the Exarchate of Ravenna in contrast to other parts of Northern ___MASK15___ under Lombard rule , named " Langobardia " or " Lombardy ". " Romània " later became " Romandìola " in Vulgar Latin , meaning " little Romània ", which became " Romagna " in modern times . History . Prehistory . A number of archaeological sites in the region , such as Monte Poggiolo , show that Romagna has been inhabited since the Paleolithic age . The ___MASK7___ , officially the State of the Church were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope , from the 8th century until 1870 . They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont - Sardinia . At their zenith , they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio ( which includes Rome ), Marche , Umbria and Romagna , and portions of Emilia . These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope , as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy . Heaven , the heavens or seven heavens , is common religious , cosmological , or transcendent place where beings such as gods , angels , jinn , saints , or venerated ancestors are said to originate , be enthroned , or to live . According to the beliefs of some religions , heavenly beings can descend to ___MASK20___ or incarnate , and earthly beings can ascend to Heaven in the afterlife , or in exceptional cases enter Heaven alive . Lazio (; ) is one of the 20 administrative regions of ___MASK15___ , situated in the central peninsular section of the country . With almost 5 . 9 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros , Lazio is the second most populated region of ___MASK15___ ( having approximately the same in population as Campania ), and has the second largest economy of the nation . Its capital is Rome , capital and largest city of ___MASK15___ . Pope Paul IV , C . R . ( Latin : Paulus IV ; 28 June 1476 -- 18 August 1559 ) , born Gian Pietro Carafa , was Pope from 23 May 1555 to his death in 1559 . While serving as papal nuncio in Spain , he developed an anti - Spanish outlook that later coloured his papacy , and resulted in the ___MASK7___ suffering a serious military defeat in the Italian War of 1551 -- 59 . Carafa was appointed bishop of Chieti , but resigned in 1524 in order to found with St . Cajetan the Congregation of Clerics Regular ( Theatines ) . Recalled to Rome , and made Archbishop of Naples , he was instrumental in setting up the Roman Inquisition , sent hundreds of convicted heretics to the stake , and was opposed to any dialogue with the emerging Protestant party in Europe . Carafa was elected pope in 1555 through the influence of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in the face of opposition from Emperor Charles V . His papacy was characterized by strong nationalism in reaction to the influence of Philip II of Spain and the Habsburgs . He compelled the Jews of Rome to wear distinctive clothing and confine themselves to a ghetto . The appointment of Carlo Carafa as Cardinal Nephew damaged the papacy further when Paul was forced to remove him from office following a scandal . He curbed many clerical abuses in Rome but his methods were seen as harsh . The pope ( from " pappas ", a child ' s word for " father ") is the Bishop of Rome and , therefore , the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter , to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of " binding and loosing ", naming him as the " rock " upon which the church would be built . The current pope is Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 , succeeding Benedict XVI . In ecclesiastical heraldry , papal coats of arms ( those of individual popes ) and those of the ___MASK37___ and Vatican City State include an image of crossed keys to represent the metaphorical keys of the office of Saint Peter , the keys of heaven , or the keys of the kingdom of Heaven , that , according to Roman Catholic teaching , Jesus promised to Saint Peter , empowering him to take binding actions . In the Gospel of Matthew , Jesus says to Peter , " I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven , and whatever you bind on Earth shall be bound in heaven , and whatever you loose on Earth shall be loosed in heaven ." The keys of heaven or keys of Saint Peter are seen as a symbol of papal authority : " Behold he [ Peter ] received the keys of the kingdom of heaven , the power of binding and loosing is committed to him , the care of the whole Church and its government is given to him [ cura ei totius Ecclesiae et principatus committitur ( Epist ., lib . V , ep . xx , in P . L ., LXXVII , 745 )]".