country_of_citizenship antoin sevruguin
___MASK48___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK48___ , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , ___MASK98___ to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by ___MASK98___ to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west . The Republic of Dagestan ( or ), also spelled Daghestan , is a federal subject ( a republic ) of ___MASK72___ , located in the North Caucasus region . Its capital and largest city is Makhachkala , located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea . ___MASK27___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK27___ ( Turkish : ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . ___MASK27___ is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . ___MASK27___ is bordered by eight countries : Greece to the west ; Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; ___MASK98___ , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; and Iraq and Syria to the south . The Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . ___MASK27___ ' s location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history . The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world ' s oceanic divisions , covering ( approximately 20 % of the water on the ___MASK18___ ' s surface ). It is bounded by Asia on the north , on the west by Africa , on the east by Australia , and on the south by the Southern Ocean or , depending on definition , by Antarctica . It is named after the country of India . The Indian Ocean is known as " Ratnkara ", "" the mine of gems "" in ancient Sanskrit literature , and as " Hind Mahsgar ", "" the great Indian sea "", in Hindi . The Qajar dynasty ('; also romanised as Ghajar , Kadjar , Qachar etc .) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin , specifically from the Qajar tribe , which ruled Persia ( ___MASK77___ ) from 1785 to 1925 . The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of ___MASK77___ ('). The Qajar family took full control of ___MASK77___ in 1794 , deposing Lotf ' Ali Khan , the last of the Zand dynasty , and re - asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus . In 1796 , Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease , putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty , and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as shah after his punitive campaign against ___MASK77___ ' s Georgian subjects . In the Caucasus , the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of ___MASK77___ ' s integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century , comprising modern - day Georgia , Dagestan , ___MASK48___ , and ___MASK98___ . Shah ( pronounced , " king ") is a title given to the emperors , kings , princes and lords of ___MASK77___ ( historically also known as Persia ). It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan ( a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia ) namely the Shirvanshahs , the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire ( in that context spelled as " eh "), Mughal emperors of the Indian Subcontinent , the Bengal Sultanate , as well as in Georgia and Afghanistan . In ___MASK77___ ( Persia and Greater Persia ) the title was continuously used ; rather than King in the European sense , each Persian ruler regarded himself as the " Šhanšh " ( King of Kings ) or Emperor of the Persian Empire . The Gulf of ___MASK53___ or Sea of Makran or Sea of ___MASK53___ (" aldj Umn "; in Balochi :    in " Khaleej ___MASK53___ ") is a strait ( and not an actual gulf ) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz , which then runs to the Persian Gulf . It borders Pakistan and ___MASK77___ on the north , ___MASK53___ on the south , and the ___MASK36___ on the west . The Zandiyeh dynasty ("") was an Iranian dynasty of Lak origin founded by Karim Khan Zand that initially ruled southern and central ___MASK77___ in the 18th century . It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest of contemporary ___MASK77___ , as well as ___MASK48___ , and parts of Iraq and ___MASK98___ . The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and ___MASK59___ . The corresponding adjective is " Middle - Eastern " and the derived noun is " Middle - Easterner ". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East ( as opposed to Far East ) beginning in the early 20th century . ___MASK31___ ( or ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia , bordered by ___MASK87___ to the northwest , Uzbekistan to the north and east , Afghanistan to the southeast , Iran to the south and southwest , and the Caspian Sea to the west . ___MASK58___ ( or ), officially the Islamic Republic of ___MASK58___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia . It is the sixth - most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people . It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . ___MASK58___ has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of ___MASK53___ in the south and is bordered by ___MASK20___ to the east , Afghanistan to the west , ___MASK77___ to the southwest and ___MASK41___ in the far northeast respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan ' s narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with ___MASK53___ . Tehran ( " Tehrn ") is the capital of ___MASK77___ and Tehran Province . With a population of around 9 million in the city and 16 million in the wider metropolitan area , Tehran is the most populous city of ___MASK77___ , the 2nd - most populous city in Western Asia and the 3rd - largest metropolitan area in the Middle East . It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area . Mashhad is the second most populous city in ___MASK77___ and capital of Razavi Khorasan Province . It is located in the northeast of the country , close to the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan . Its population was 2 , 749 , 374 at the 2011 census and its built - up (" or metro ") area was home to 2 , 782 , 976 inhabitants including Mashhad Taman and Torqabeh cities . It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East . The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia . The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean ( Gulf of ___MASK53___ ) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between ___MASK77___ to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest . The Shatt al - Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline . ___MASK73___ (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of ___MASK73___ ('; ') is a country in Western Asia , bordered by ___MASK27___ to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , ___MASK15___ to the southwest , and ___MASK93___ to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country ' s 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The official languages of ___MASK73___ are Arabic and Kurdish . Western Asia , West Asia , Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia . The concept is in limited use , as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East ( or Near East ), the main difference being the exclusion of ___MASK59___ ( which would be counted as part of North Africa ). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics . ___MASK98___ ( tr . " Hayastan "), officially the Republic of ___MASK98___ ( tr . " Hayastani Hanrapetut  yun "), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia . Located in Western Asia on the " Armenian Highlands ", it is bordered by Turkey to the west , Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east , and Iran and Azerbaijan ' s exclave of Nakhchivan to the south . Antoin Sevruguin ( Persian 1830 - 1933 :   : ) was a photographer in ___MASK77___ during the reign of the Qajar dynasty ( 1785 -- 1925 ) . ___MASK53___ (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of ___MASK53___ , is an ___MASK2___ country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf , the nation is bordered by the ___MASK36___ to the northwest , Saudi Arabia to the west , and Yemen to the southwest , and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan . The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of ___MASK53___ on the northeast . The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders , with the Strait of Hormuz ( which it shares with Iran ) and Gulf of ___MASK53___ forming Musandam ' s coastal boundaries . The Strait of Hormuz " Tangehyyeh Hormoz " , " Maq Hurmuz ") is a strait between the Gulf of ___MASK53___ and the Persian Gulf . It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world ' s most strategically important choke points . On the north coast lies ___MASK77___ , and on the south coast the ___MASK36___ and Musandam , an exclave of ___MASK53___ . At its narrowest , the strait has a width of . ___MASK77___ (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia , officially the Islamic Republic of ___MASK77___ (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by ___MASK98___ , the " de facto " Nagorno - Karabakh Republic , and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of , it is the second - largest country in the Middle East and the 18th - largest in the world . With 82 . 8 million inhabitants , ___MASK77___ is the world ' s 17th - most - populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country ' s central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Tehran is the country ' s capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic center . The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on ___MASK18___ by area , variously classed as the world ' s largest lake or a full - fledged sea . It is in an endorheic basin ( it has no outflows ) located between Europe and Asia . It is bound by ___MASK87___ to the northeast , Russia to the northwest , Azerbaijan to the west , Iran to the south , and Turkmenistan to the southeast . ___MASK60___ ( Pashto / Dari : , " Afnistn "), officially the Islamic ___MASK11___ , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . It has a population of approximately 32 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , ___MASK51___ , and Tajikistan in the north ; and ___MASK41___ in the far northeast . Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world . Nagorno - Karabakh , officially the Nagorno - Karabakh Republic ( NKR ; " Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut ' yun "), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh (" Arts ' akhi Hanrapetut ' yun "), is an unrecognised republic in the South Caucasus . The region is considered by the UN to be part of ___MASK48___ , but is under the control of ethnic Armenian separatists . The NKR controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno - Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area , giving it a border with ___MASK98___ to the west , Iran to the south , and the uncontested territory of ___MASK48___ to the north and east .