instance_of civil guard 
Colombia ( or ), officially the ___MASK29___ of Colombia , is a ___MASK34___ largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican ___MASK29___ and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty - two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca , the Quimbaya and the Tairona . The Amazon ___MASK84___ ( or ; Spanish and ) in South America is the largest ___MASK84___ by discharge of ___MASK77___ in the world , and according to some experts , the longest in length . The headwaters of the Apurímac ___MASK84___ on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century as the Amazon  s most distant source , until a 2014 study found it to be the Cordillera Rumi Cruz at the headwaters of the Mantaro ___MASK84___ in Peru . The Mantaro and Apurímac confluence , and with other tributaries form the Ucayali ___MASK84___ , which in turn confluences with the Marañón ___MASK84___ upstream of Iquitos , Peru , to form what countries other than Brazil consider to be the main stem of the Amazon . Brazilians call this section the Solimões ___MASK84___ above its confluence with the Rio Negro to form what Brazilians call the Amazon at the Meeting of Waters at Manaus , the ___MASK84___ ' s largest city . ___MASK36___ enforcement is any ___MASK47___ by which some members of ___MASK92___ act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering , deterring , rehabilitating , or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that ___MASK92___ . Although the term may encompass entities such as courts and prisons , it is most frequently applied to those who directly engage in patrols or surveillance to dissuade and discover criminal activity , and those who investigate crimes and apprehend offenders , a task typically carried out by the police or another ___MASK26___ . Furthermore , although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of crimes , organizations exist to discourage a wide variety of non - criminal violations of rules and norms , effected through the imposition of less severe consequences . Peru , officially the ___MASK29___ of Peru , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by ___MASK91___ , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental ___MASK53___ in the world . They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America . This range is about long , about wide ( widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude ), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through ___MASK20___ South American countries : Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Argentina and Chile . Preventive ___MASK88___ is that ___MASK61___ of law enforcement intended to act as a deterrent to the commission of crime . Preventive policing is considered a defining characteristic of the modern ___MASK88___ , typically associated with Robert Peel ' s London Metropolitan Police , established in 1829 . South America is a ___MASK86___ located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to South America instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). Sir Robert Peel , 2nd Baronet , ( 5 ___MASK100___ 17882 July 1850 ), a British statesman and ___MASK50___ of the Conservative Party , served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( 1834  1835 and 1841  1846 ) and twice as Home Secretary ( 1822  1827 and 1828  1830 ). He is regarded as the father of the modern British policing and as one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party . The Civil Guard ( Spanish : Guardia Civil ) in Peru was formed as main preventive ___MASK56___ of Peru in 1922 . It was organized and trained by a Spanish ___MASK88___ ___MASK41___ sent to Peru at that time . It was not a detective force , investigations being carried out by the Investigative Police of Peru founded in the same year , while the old Republican Guard still had certain ___MASK88___ missions . The Civil Guard was later renamed the General Police , which merged into the new National Police of Peru in 1988 . Ecuador , officially the ___MASK29___ of Ecuador ( which literally translates as " ___MASK29___ of the Equator "), is a representative democratic ___MASK29___ in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific , about west of the mainland . A ___MASK56___ is a constituted body of persons empowered by the ___MASK78___ to enforce the ___MASK36___ , protect ___MASK30___ , and limit civil disorder . Their powers include the legitimized use of force . The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign ___MASK78___ that are authorized to exercise the police power of that ___MASK78___ within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility . Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the ___MASK78___ against foreign aggressors ; however , gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing . ___MASK91___ , officially the Federative Republic of ___MASK91___ , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , ___MASK91___ has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the ___MASK86___ ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes ___MASK91___ one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Latin America is a ___MASK2___ of countries and dependencies in the Americas where ___MASK48___ languages are predominant . The term originated in 19th century France as " Amérique latine " to consider French - speaking territories in the Americas ( Haiti , French Guiana , Martinique , Guadeloupe , Saint Martin , Saint Barthélemy ) along with the larger ___MASK2___ of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed . It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero - America or Hispanic America  though it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana . The Amazon basin is the ___MASK23___ of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries . The Amazon ___MASK54___ covers an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of the South American ___MASK86___ . It is located in the countries of Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Guyana , Peru , Suriname and Venezuela . Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational ___MASK78___ of Bolivia , is a landlocked country located in western - central South America . It is bordered to the north and east by ___MASK91___ , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One - third of the country is the Andean mountain range , with one of its largest cities and ___MASK22___ economic centers , El Alto , located on the Altiplano . Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries ( the other is Paraguay ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Americas . The ___MASK66___ - Terrorist Directorate ( best known simply as DIRCOTE ) is the ___MASK73___ of the National ___MASK88___ of Peru that is responsible for Peru ' s anti - terrorist ___MASK36___ enforcement efforts . The Pacific ___MASK57___ is the largest of the Earth ' s oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic ___MASK57___ in the north to the Southern ___MASK57___ ( or , depending on definition , to Antarctica ) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east . The Peruvian National ___MASK88___ ( PNP ) is the national ___MASK56___ of Peru . Its ___MASK16___ covers the ___MASK25___ ' s land , ___MASK32___ , and air territories . Formed from the merge of the Investigative ___MASK88___ , the Civil Guard , and the Republican Guard in 1988 , it is one of the largest police forces in Latin America . Its mission is to preserve domestic order , public order and national ___MASK87___ , in order to enforce the law and protect the people of Peru . The PNP is controlled by the Peruvian Interior Ministry . The PNP has a number of divisions , tasked with enforcing specific aspects of the law ; among the more well known are DINOES ( Special Operations ), DINANDRO ( Anti - Narcotics Unit ), DININCRI ( Criminal Investigations ), and DIRCOTE ( Anti - Terrorism ). Chile , officially the ___MASK29___ of Chile , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty .