shares_border_with port harcourt
A village is a clustered human settlement or community , larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town , with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand . Though often located in rural areas , the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods . Villages are normally permanent , with fixed dwellings ; however , transient villages can occur . Further , the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another , not scattered broadly over the landscape , ___MASK55___ a dispersed settlement . The ___MASK30___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas , " the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas ", and the ways in which each society adapts to the ___MASK83___ . It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger ___MASK55___ more people begin living and working in central areas . The United Nations projected that half of the world ' s population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 . It is predicted that by 2050 about 64 % of the developing world and 86 % of the developed world will be urbanized . That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050 , much of which will occur in Africa and ___MASK33___ . Notably , the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2016 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities , about 1 . 1 billion new urbanites over the next 14 years . Kano is the state capital of ___MASK97___ in Northern ___MASK1___ , Nigeria . It is situated in the Sahelian geographic region , south of the Sahara . Kano is the commercial nerve center of Northern Nigeria and is the second largest city in Nigeria , after ___MASK54___ . The Kano metropolis initially covered , and comprised six local government areas ( LGAs )  Kano Municipal , Fagge , Dala , Gwale , Tarauni and Nasarawa ; However , it now covers two additional LGAs  Ungogo and Kumbotso . The total area of Metropolitan Kano is now , with a population of 2 , 828 , 861 as of the 2006 Nigerian census . ___MASK54___ initially emerged as a port city which originated on a collection of islands , which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas ( LGAs ) of ___MASK54___ Island , Eti - Osa , Amuwo - Odofin and Apapa ; the islands are separated by creeks , fringing the ___MASK99___ mouth of ___MASK54___ Lagoon , while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as ___MASK3___ Beach , which stretch up to east and west of the mouth . Due to rapid urbanization , the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day ___MASK54___ Mainland , Ajeromi - Ifelodun and Surulere . This led to the classification of ___MASK54___ into two main areas - the Island , which was the initial city of ___MASK54___ , before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland . This city area was governed directly by the Federal Government through the " ___MASK54___ City Council ", until the creation of ___MASK54___ State in 1967 , which led to the splitting of ___MASK54___ city into the present day seven Local Government Areas ( LGAs ), and an addition of other towns ( which now make up 13 LGAs ) from the then Western Region , to form the state . The ___MASK43___ River is the principal river of western Africa , extending about . Its drainage basin is in area . Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea . It runs in a crescent through Mali , ___MASK43___ , on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria , discharging through a massive delta , known as the ___MASK43___ Delta or the Oil Rivers , into the ___MASK86___ in the Atlantic Ocean . The ___MASK43___ is the third - longest river in Africa , exceeded only by the Nile and the Congo River ( also known as the Zaïre River ). Its main tributary is the Benue River . In anthropology and archaeology , the Urban Revolution is the process by which small , ___MASK35___ - based , nonliterate agricultural villages were transformed into large , socially complex , urban societies . ___MASK98___ Harcourt ( Igbo :   gw    chá ; Pidgin : Po - ta - kot ) is the capital of Rivers State , ___MASK22___ . It ___MASK27___ along the Bonny River and is located in the ___MASK43___ Delta . According to the 2006 census , the ___MASK98___ Harcourt urban area has a population of 1 , 382 , 592 . The area that became ___MASK98___ Harcourt in 1912 was before that part of the farmlands of the Diobu village group of the Ikwerre , an Igbo sub - group . The colonial administration of ___MASK22___ created the port to export coal from the collieries of Enugu located 243 kilometres ( 151 mi ) north of ___MASK98___ Harcourt , to which it was linked by a railway called the Eastern Line , also built by the British . In 1956 crude oil was discovered in commercial quantities at Oloibiri , and ___MASK98___ Harcourt ' s economy turned to petroleum when the first shipment of Nigerian crude oil was exported through the city in 1958 . Through the benefits of the Nigerian petroleum industry , ___MASK98___ Harcourt was further developed , with aspects of modernisation such as overpasses and city blocks . Oil firms that currently have offices in the city include Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron . The main educational establishment in the city is the University of ___MASK98___ Harcourt , and the current Mayor of ___MASK98___ Harcourt is Chimbiko Akorolo . ___MASK98___ Harcourt ' s primary airport is ___MASK98___ Harcourt International Airport , located on the outskirts of the city ; the Nigerian Air Force ( NAF ) base is the location of the only other airport in the city and is used by commercial airlines Aero Contractors and Virgin ___MASK22___ ( now Air ___MASK22___ ) for domestic flights . In general , a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities . The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U . S . Department of Health and Human Services defines the word " rural " ___MASK55___ encompassing "... all population , housing , and territory not included within an urban area . Whatever is not urban is considered rural ." Population density ( in agriculture : standing stock and standing crop ) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume ; it is a quantity of type number density . It is frequently applied to living organisms , and ___MASK73___ of the ___MASK60___ to humans . It is a key geographical term . In social science , the term built environment refers to the man - made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity , ranging in scale from buildings and parks . It has been defined ___MASK55___ " the humanitarian - made space in which people live , work , and recreate on a day - to - day basis ." The " built environment encompasses places and spaces created or modified by people including buildings , parks , and transportation systems ." In recent years , public health research has expanded the definition of " built environment " to include healthy food access , community gardens , mental health , " walkability " and " bikeability ." Urban sociology is the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas . It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures , processes , changes and problems of an urban area and by doing so provide inputs for urban planning and policy making . In other words , it is the sociological study of cities and their role in the development of society . Like ___MASK73___ areas of sociology , urban sociologists use statistical analysis , observation , social theory , interviews , and other methods to study a range of topics , including migration and demographic trends , economics , poverty , race relations and economic trends . A civilization , or civilisation ( see spelling differences ), is any complex society characterized by urban development , social stratification , symbolic communication forms ( typically , writing systems ), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment by a cultural elite . Civilizations are intimately associated with and often further defined by other socio - politico - economic characteristics , including centralization , the domestication of both humans and other organisms , specialization of labour , culturally ingrained ideologies of progress and supremacism , monumental architecture , taxation , societal dependence upon farming ___MASK55___ an agricultural practice , and expansionism . Bonny River is a river in ___MASK8___ , ___MASK22___ . Water taxis which move along the river provide the connection between Bonny ___MASK11___ and Port Harcourt , the capital of ___MASK8___ , which lies alongside the river . ___MASK89___ City is a city ( 2006 est . pop . 1 , 147 , 188 ) and the capital of Edo State in southern Nigeria . It is a city approximately north of the ___MASK89___ River . It is situated by road ___MASK64___ of ___MASK54___ . ___MASK89___ is the centre of Nigeria ' s rubber industry , but processing palm nuts for oil is also an important traditional industry . The ___MASK43___ Delta is the delta of the ___MASK43___ River sitting directly on the ___MASK86___ on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria . It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states , which include : all six states from the South South geopolitical zone , one state ( Ondo ) from South West geopolitical zone and two states ( Abia and Imo ) from South East geopolitical zone . Of all the states that the region covers , only Cross River is not an oil - producing state . A water taxi or a water bus , also known ___MASK55___ a sightseeing boat , is a watercraft used to provide public or private transport , usually , but not always , in an urban environment . Service may be scheduled with multiple stops , operating in a similar manner to a bus , or on demand to many locations , operating in a similar manner to a taxi . A boat service shuttling between two points would normally be described ___MASK55___ a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi . Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments , biodiversity , and other resources . The term " anthropogenic " designates an effect or object resulting from human activity . The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey ___MASK79___ , and was first used in English by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities . The atmospheric scientist ___MASK85___ Crutzen introduced the term " anthropocene " in the mid - 1970s . The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment . ___MASK1___ ___MASK59___ , also called Western ___MASK59___ and the ___MASK1___ of ___MASK59___ , is the westernmost subregion of ___MASK59___ . ___MASK1___ ___MASK59___ has been defined ___MASK55___ including 18 countries : Benin , Burkina Faso , the island nation of Cape Verde , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea - Bissau , Ivory Coast , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania , ___MASK43___ , Nigeria , the island of Saint Helena , Senegal , Sierra Leone , São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo . ___MASK89___ ( or -; ), officially the Republic of ___MASK89___ and formerly Dahomey , is a country in West Africa . It is bordered by Togo to the west , Nigeria to the ___MASK64___ , and Burkina Faso and ___MASK43___ to the north . A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of ___MASK89___ , part of the ___MASK86___ in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean . The capital of ___MASK89___ is Porto - Novo , but the seat of government is in Cotonou , the country ' s largest city and economic capital . ___MASK89___ covers an area of 114 , 763 square kilometers and its population in 2015 was estimated to be approximately 10 . 88 million . ___MASK89___ is a tropical , sub - Saharan nation , highly dependent on agriculture , with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming . The exploitation of natural resources is the use of natural resources for economic growth , sometimes with a negative connotation of accompanying environmental degradation . It started to emerge on an industrial scale in the 19th century ___MASK55___ the extraction and processing of raw materials ( such ___MASK55___ in mining , steam power , and machinery ) developed much further than it had in preindustrial eras . During the 20th century , energy consumption rapidly increased . Today , about 80 % of the world  s energy consumption is sustained by the extraction of fossil fuels , which consists of oil , coal and gas . Another non - renewable resource that is exploited by humans is subsoil minerals such ___MASK55___ precious metals that are mainly used in the production of industrial commodities . Intensive agriculture is an example of a mode of production that hinders many aspects of the natural environment , for example the degradation of forests in a terrestrial ecosystem and water pollution in an aquatic ecosystem . ___MASK55___ the world population rises and economic growth occurs , the depletion of natural resources influenced by the unsustainable extraction of raw materials becomes an increasing concern . The ___MASK86___ is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon , north and west to Cape Three Points in Western region Ghana . The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian ( zero degrees latitude and longitude ) is in the gulf . Urbanism is the study of the characteristic ways of interaction of inhabitants of towns and cities ( urban areas ) with the built environment . It is a direct component of disciplines such ___MASK55___ urban planning ( the physical design and management of urban structures ) and urban sociology ( the study of urban life and culture ). However , in some contexts internationally Urbanism is synonymous with Urban Planning , and the Urbanist refers to a Urban Planner . ___MASK40___ ('), officially the Republic of ___MASK40___ ('), is a landlocked country in Central ___MASK59___ . It is bordered by ___MASK46___ to the ___MASK62___ , ___MASK18___ to the east , the Central African Republic to the south , ___MASK39___ and Nigeria to the ___MASK99___ and Niger to the west . It is the fifth largest country in ___MASK59___ in terms of area . The Federal Republic of ___MASK22___ , commonly referred to ___MASK55___ ___MASK22___ , is a federal republic in West Africa , bordering Benin in the west , Chad and ___MASK39___ in the east , and Niger in the north . Its coast in the south lies on the ___MASK86___ in the Atlantic Ocean . It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja is located . Its largest cities include : Lagos , Kano , Ibadan , Benin City and Port Harcourt . ___MASK22___ is officially a democratic secular country . Infrastructure refers to structures , systems , and facilities serving the economy of a business , ___MASK2___ , country , city , town , or area , including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function . Ibadan is the state capital of ___MASK4___ . With a population of over 3 million , it is the ___MASK73___ populous city in the state , and the third ___MASK73___ populous city in Nigeria , after ___MASK54___ and Kano ; it is the country ' s largest city by geographical area . At Nigerian independence , Ibadan was the largest and ___MASK73___ populous city in the country , and the third in Africa after Cairo and Johannesburg . A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government . At its core , the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means : " a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected ___MASK67___ ( such as a president ) rather than by a king or queen ". Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation . The study seeks to understand the spatial structure and character of a metropolitan area , city , town or village by examining the patterns of its component parts and the pro \ , ownership or control and occupation . Typically , analysis of physical form focuses on street pattern , ___MASK88___ ( or , in the UK , plot ) pattern and building pattern , sometimes referred to collectively ___MASK55___ urban grain . Analysis of specific settlements is usually undertaken using cartographic sources and the process of development is deduced from comparison of historic maps . Special attention is given to how the physical form of a city changes over ___MASK60___ and to how different cities compare to each other . Another significant part of this subfield deals with the study of the social forms which are expressed in the physical layout of a city , and , conversely , how physical form produces or reproduces various social forms . ___MASK8___ , also known simply ___MASK55___ Rivers , is one of the 36 states of Nigeria . According to census data released in 2006 , the state has a population of 5 , 185 , 400 , making it the sixth - ___MASK73___ populous state in the country . Its capital , Port Harcourt is the largest city and is economically significant ___MASK55___ the centre of Nigeria ' s oil ___MASK2___ . ___MASK8___ is bounded on the South by the Atlantic Ocean , to the North by Imo , Abia and Anambra States , to the East by Akwa Ibom State and to the West by Bayelsa and Delta states . It is home to many indigenous ethnic groups : Ikwerre , Ibani , Opobo , Eleme , Okrika , and Kalabari , Etche , Ogba , Ogoni , Engenni , Obolo and others . The people from ___MASK8___ are known ___MASK55___ " Riverians ". Etche is a Local Government Area ( LGA ) in ___MASK8___ , ___MASK22___ , named after the Etche ( Echie ) people of Southern ___MASK22___ . They also inhabit Omuma LGA ; Etche / Omuma is a National Assembly constituency . ___MASK59___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - ___MASK73___ - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . ___MASK43___ ( or ), officially the Republic of ___MASK43___ , is a landlocked country in Western Africa , named after the ___MASK43___ River . ___MASK43___ is bordered by Libya to the northeast , Chad to the east , Nigeria and Benin to the south , Burkina Faso and Mali to the west , and ___MASK95___ to the northwest . ___MASK43___ covers a land area of almost 1 , 270 , 000 km , making it the largest country in West Africa , with over 80 percent of its land area covered by the Sahara Desert . The country ' s predominantly Islamic population of about 19 million is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the country . The capital city is Niamey , located in the far - ___MASK99___ corner of ___MASK43___ . In geography , statistics and archaeology , a settlement , locality or populated place is a community in which people live . A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas . Settlements may include hamlets , villages , towns and cities . A settlement may have known historical properties such ___MASK55___ the date or era in which it was first settled , or first settled by a particular people . Abuja is the capital city of ___MASK22___ . It is located in the ___MASK61___ of ___MASK22___ , within the Federal Capital Territory ( FCT ). Abuja is a planned city which was built mainly in the 1980s . It officially became ___MASK22___ ' s capital on 12 December 1991 , replacing ___MASK54___ , though the latter remains the country ' s most populous city . Abuja ' s geography is defined by Aso Rock , a monolith left by water erosion . The Presidential Complex , National Assembly , Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock . Zuma Rock , a monolith , lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State . A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities , large towns , and other urban areas that , through population growth and physical expansion , have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area . In ___MASK73___ cases , a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area , in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area . A river is a natural flowing watercourse , usually freshwater , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another river . In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such ___MASK55___ stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term river ___MASK55___ applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the United States , " burn " in ___MASK76___ and northeast England , and " beck " in northern England . Sometimes a river is defined ___MASK55___ being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . Okrika is a ___MASK98___ town in Rivers State , ___MASK22___ , capital of the Local Government Area of the same name . The town is situated on a small ___MASK11___ just south of Port Harcourt , making it a suburb of the much larger city . An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology ___MASK55___ cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such ___MASK55___ villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such ___MASK55___ exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . Bonny ___MASK11___ is situated at the southern edge of Rivers State in the ___MASK43___ Delta of Nigeria near Port Harcourt . Ferries are the main form of transport to and from the island . The local language spoken in Bonny ___MASK11___ and Bonny Town are the Igbo language and Ibani . ___MASK39___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK39___ , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon , and the Republic of the Congo to the south . ___MASK39___ ' s coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny , part of the ___MASK86___ and the Atlantic Ocean . The natural environment encompasses all living and non - living things occurring naturally . The term is ___MASK73___ often applied to the Earth or some part of Earth . This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species , climate , weather , and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity . A republic ( from ) is a sovereign state , country , or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law . In modern times , the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch . Currently , 147 of the world ' s 206 sovereign states use the word " republic " ___MASK55___ part of their official names ; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments , nor do all nations with elected governments use the word " republic " in their names .