instance_of fokker d.iii
The Wright brothers , Orville ( ___MASK32___ 19 , 1871  January 30 , 1948 ) and Wilbur ( April 16 , 1867  May 30 , 1912 ), were two American brothers , inventors , and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing , building , and flying the world ' s first successful ___MASK36___ . They made the first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier - than - air aircraft on December 17 , 1903 , four miles south of Kitty Hawk , North Carolina . In 1904  05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed - wing aircraft . Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft , the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed - wing powered flight possible . ___MASK62___ warping was an early system for lateral ( roll ) control of a fixed - ___MASK62___ aircraft . The technique , used and patented by the Wright brothers , consisted of a system of pulleys and cables to twist the trailing edges of the wings in opposite directions . In many respects , this approach is similar to that used to trim the performance of a paper ___MASK36___ by curling the paper at the back of its wings . ___MASK48___ personnel are members of the ___MASK68___ . Usually , personnel are divided into ___MASK48___ branches roughly defined by certain circumstances of their deployment . Those who serve in a typical large land force are soldiers , making up an army . Those who serve in seagoing forces are seamen or sailors , and their branch is a navy or coast guard . Marines serve in a marine corps . In the 20th century , the development of powered flight aircraft prompted the development of air forces , serviced by airmen . Designated leaders of ___MASK48___ personnel are officers . These include commissioned officers , warrant officers and non - commissioned officers ( NCOs ). For naval forces , non - commissioned officers are referred to as petty officers ( POs ). ___MASK48___ personnel are instructed to wear dog tags The Fokker D . III ( Fokker designation M . 19 ) was a German single - seat fighter ___MASK84___ of World War I . It was the last Fokker ___MASK13___ - line design to use wing warping for roll control as originally designed , before ailerons had been introduced to Fokker combat designs . Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches , in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy ' s ___MASK52___ ___MASK96___ and are substantially sheltered from ___MASK73___ . The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western ___MASK13___ in World War I . It has become a byword for stalemate , attrition , sieges and futility in conflict . ___MASK89___ is intentional ___MASK4___ to destroy a ___MASK82___ ( usually defined as an ethnic , national , racial , or religious group ) in whole or in part . The ___MASK91___ word " genocide " is a combination of the Greek word " génos " (" race , ___MASK82___ ") and the Latin suffix "- cide " (" act of killing "). The United Nations ___MASK89___ Convention defines genocide as " acts committed with intent to destroy , in whole or in part , a national , ethnic , racial or religious group ". ___MASK87___ I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First ___MASK87___ , or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 ___MASK81___ 1918 . More than 70 million ___MASK48___ personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in ___MASK30___ . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in ___MASK30___ , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . In general , a civilian is " a ___MASK78___ who is not a ___MASK63___ of the ___MASK48___ or of a police or firefighting force ", as defined by Merriam Webster ' s Dictionary . From the ___MASK7___ of the U . S . ___MASK69___ of Defense , Chapter 18 of Title 10 United States Code refers to non - ___MASK48___ law enforcement officers as civilians since they are employees rather than enlisted personnel , and also in order to distinguish itself from ___MASK48___ police . In ___MASK48___ and law enforcement slang , the term " Civies " or " Civvies " are often used to refer civilian population or civilian clothing .