instance_of erysiphe betae
Mildew is a form of fungus . It is distinguished from its closely related counterpart , mold ( British English : mould ), largely by its ___MASK100___ : molds appear in shades of black , blue , red , and green , whereas mildew is white . It appears as a thin , superficial growth consisting of minute hyphae ( fungal filaments ) produced especially on living plants or organic matter such as wood , paper or leather . Both mold and mildew produce distinct offensive odors , and both have been identified as the cause of certain human ailments . The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet ___MASK48___ , usually known in North America as the beet , also ___MASK68___ beet , garden beet , red beet , or golden beet . It is one of several of the cultivated varieties of " Beta vulgaris " grown for their edible taproots and their leaves ( called beet greens ). These varieties have been classified as " B . vulgaris " subsp . " vulgaris " Conditiva Group . Sucrose is a common , naturally occurring saccharide found in many plants and ___MASK48___ parts . Saccharose is an obsolete ___MASK8___ for ___MASK28___ in general , especially sucrose . The ___MASK74___ is a disaccharide combination of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose with the formula CHO . Erysiphales are an ___MASK98___ of ascomycete fungi . The ___MASK98___ contains one family , Erysiphaceae . Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew . Erysiphe betae is a ___MASK48___ pathogen . It is a form of powdery mildew that affects sugar beet . The fungus occurs worldwide in all regions where sugar beet is grown and it also infects other edible crops , e . g . beetroot . In a ___MASK48___ with a taproot ___MASK58___ , the taproot is the largest , most central , and most dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally . Typically a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick , is tapering in shape , and grows directly downward . Beta vulgaris ( beet ) is a ___MASK48___ which is included in Betoideae subfamily in the Amaranthaceae ___MASK30___ . It is the economically most important crop of the large ___MASK98___ Caryophyllales . It has several cultivar groups , the sugar beet , of greatest importance to produce ___MASK68___ sugar ; the ___MASK23___ known as the beetroot or garden beet ; the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet ; and mangelwurzel , which is a fodder crop . Three subspecies are typically recognised . All cultivars fall into the subspecies " Beta vulgaris " subsp . " vulgaris ". The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the ___MASK12___ beet (" Beta vulgaris " subsp . " maritima "). The PHP ___MASK87___ and ___MASK67___ ___MASK70___ , or PEAR , is a ___MASK70___ of PHP software code . Stig S . Bakken founded the PEAR project in 1999 to promote the re - use of code that performs common functions . The project seeks to provide a structured library of code , maintain a system for distributing code and for managing code packages , and promote a standard coding style . Though community - driven , the PEAR project has a PEAR Group which serves as the governing body and takes care of administrative tasks . Each PEAR code package comprises an independent project under the PEAR umbrella . It has its own development team , versioning - control and documentation . Sugar is the generalized ___MASK8___ for sweet , short - ___MASK9___ , soluble carbohydrates , many of which are used in ___MASK59___ . They are composed of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen . There are various types of sugar derived from different sources . Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose ( also known as dextrose ), fructose , and galactose . The ___MASK68___ or granulated sugar most customarily used as ___MASK59___ is sucrose , a disaccharide . ( In the body , sucrose hydrolyses into fructose and glucose .) Other disaccharides include maltose and lactose . Longer chains of sugars are called oligosaccharides . Chemically - different substances ___MASK76___ also have a sweet taste , but are not classified as sugars . Some are used as lower - calorie ___MASK59___ substitutes for sugar , described as artificial sweeteners . Powdery mildew is a fungal ___MASK66___ that affects a wide range of plants . Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different ___MASK83___ of fungi in the order Erysiphales , with " Podosphaera xanthii " ( a . k . a . " Sphaerotheca fuliginea ") being the most commonly reported cause . " Erysiphe cichoracearum " was formerly reported to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world . Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify , as its symptoms are quite distinctive . Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems . The lower leaves are the most affected , but the mildew can appear on any above - ground part of the plant . As the ___MASK66___ progresses , the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed , and the mildew ___MASK76___ spread up and down the length of the plant . Erysiphe cichoracearum is a ___MASK48___ pathogen that causes powdery mildew ___MASK66___ of cucurbits , including melon , cucumber , pumpkin , and squash . The primary symptoms are white , powder - like spots on the leaves and stems . " Sphaerotheca fuliginea " causes a similar looking powdery mildew of cucurbits . Sugar beet is the Altissima ___MASK65___ of cultivars of the common beet (" Beta vulgaris "). It is a ___MASK48___ whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and it is grown commercially for sugar ___MASK93___ . Sugar beets and other beet cultivars , such as beetroot and chard , are members of " Beta vulgaris " subsp . " vulgaris " and ___MASK32___ a common wild ancestor , the ___MASK12___ beet (" Beta vulgaris " subsp . " maritima "). Chard (" Beta vulgaris " subsp . " vulgaris ", Cicla - ___MASK65___ and Flavescens - ___MASK65___ ) is a leafy green ___MASK80___ often used in Mediterranean ___MASK14___ . In the Flavescens - ___MASK65___ - cultivars , the leaf stalks are large and are often prepared separately from the leaf blade . The leaf blade can be green or reddish in ___MASK100___ ; the leaf stalks also vary in ___MASK100___ , usually white , yellow , or red . Chard has highly nutritious leaves making it a popular ___MASK96___ to healthful diets ( like other green leafy vegetables ). Chard has been around for centuries , but because of its similarity to other beets and some other vegetables such as cardoon , the common names used by cooks over the centuries ___MASK76___ be confusing . The ___MASK12___ beet , " Beta vulgaris " subsp . " maritima " (( L .) Arcangeli .), is a member of the family Amaranthaceae , previously of the Chenopodiaceae . Carl Linnaeus first described " Beta vulgaris " in 1753 ; in the second edition of " ___MASK83___ Plantarum " in 1762 , he divided the ___MASK83___ into wild and cultivated varieties , giving the name " Beta maritima " to the wild ___MASK92___ .