languages_spoken_or_written yury nechaev-maltsov
Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the ___MASK38___ Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . An apartment ( in American and Canadian ___MASK3___ ) or a flat ( in British ___MASK3___ ) is a self - contained housing unit ( a type of residential real estate ) that occupies only part of a building , correctly , on a single level without a stair . Such a building may be called an " apartment building ", " apartment complex ", " flat complex ", " block of flats ", " tower block ", " high - rise " or , occasionally " mansion block " ( in British ___MASK3___ ), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent . In Scotland it is called a block of flats or , if it ' s a traditional sandstone building , a " tenement ", which has a pejorative connotation elsewhere . Apartments may be owned by an " owner / occupier ", by leasehold tenure or rented by " tenants " ( two types of housing tenure ). Nechaev - Maltsov Yury Stepanovich ( 1834 -- 1913 ) was leading glassware manufacturer in Russia , Landlord , patron of arts , and the major private donor to the Pushkin Museum . He owned a number of shops in Moscow and St . Petersburg where the glassware produced by his factories of Gus - Khrustalny was sold . Russia ' s biggest fairs were supplied with his glass products . Silicon dioxide , also known as silica ( from the ___MASK5___ " silex "), is a chemical compound that is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula . It has been known since ancient times . Silica is most commonly found in nature as quartz , as well as in various living organisms . In many parts of the world , silica is the major constituent of sand . Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials , existing both as several minerals and being produced synthetically . Notable examples include fused quartz , crystal , fumed silica , silica gel , and aerogels . Applications range from structural materials to microelectronics to components used in the food industry . Russia ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the ___MASK31___ Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European Russia . Russia ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . Glass is a non - crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical , technological , and decorative usage in , for example , window panes , tableware , and optoelectronics . The most familiar , and historically the oldest , types of glass are " silicate glasses " based on the chemical compound silica ( silicon dioxide , or quartz ), the primary constituent of sand . The term " glass ", in popular usage , is often used to refer only to this type of material , which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles . Of the many silica - based glasses that exist , ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda - lime glass , composed of approximately 75 % silicon dioxide ( SiO ), sodium oxide ( NaO ) from sodium carbonate ( NaCO ), calcium oxide , also called lime ( CaO ), and several minor additives . The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts ( ___MASK31___ :     .  .  .  , also known as  ) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow , located in Volkhonka street , just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour . The International musical festival " Svyatoslav Richter ' s December nights " has been held in the Pushkin museum since 1981 . A landlord is the owner of a house , apartment , condominium , land or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business , who is called a tenant ( also a " lessee " or " renter "). When a juristic person is in this position , the term landlord is used . Other terms include lessor and owner . The term landlady may be used for women owners , and lessor applies to both genders . Moscow ( or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with 12 . 2 million residents within the city limits and 16 . 8 million within the urban area . Moscow has the status of a ___MASK31___ federal city . In condensed matter physics and materials science , an amorphous ( from the ___MASK24___ " a ", without , " morphé ", shape , form ) or non - crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long - range order that is characteristic of a crystal . In some older books , the term has been used synonymously with glass . Nowadays , " Glassy solid " or " Amorphous solid " is considered to be the overarching concept , and glass the more special case : A glass is an amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition . Polymers are often amorphous . Other types of amorphous solids include gels , thin films , and nanostructured materials such as glass . Saint Petersburg is Russia ' s second - largest city after Moscow , with five million inhabitants in 2012 , and an important ___MASK31___ port on the Baltic Sea . It is politically incorporated as a federal subject ( a federal city ). Situated on the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea , it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914 , the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd , in 1924 to Leningrad , and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg . Between 1713  1728 and 1732  1918 , Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia . In 1918 , the central government bodies moved to Moscow .