country sms braunschweig
The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century . The first of its kind , the Royal Navy ' s , made such a strong impression on people ' s minds when launched in 1906 that similar battleships built subsequently were referred to generically as " dreadnoughts ", and earlier battleships became known as " pre - dreadnoughts ". " Dreadnought " s design had two revolutionary features : an " all - big - gun " armament scheme , with more heavy - calibre guns than previous ships , and steam turbine propulsion . As dreadnoughts became a symbol of national power , the arrival of these new warships was a crucial catalyst in the intensifying naval arms race between the ___MASK38___ and Germany . With the launch of a single ship , " Dreadnought ", the scales of naval power were reset overnight . As a result , dreadnought races sprang up around the world , including in South America , during the lead up to World War I . Successive designs increased rapidly in size and made use of improvements in armament , armour , and propulsion throughout the dreadnought era . Within five years , new battleships had outclassed " Dreadnought ". These more powerful vessels were known as " super - dreadnoughts ." Most of the original dreadnoughts were scrapped after the end of World War I under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty , but many of the newer super - dreadnoughts continued to be used throughout World War II . The only surviving dreadnought is , located near the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site . ___MASK30___ War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second ___MASK30___ War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the ___MASK30___ ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made ___MASK30___ War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Washington Naval Treaty , also known as the Five - Power Treaty , and including the " Four - Power Treaty " and the " Nine - power Treaty " was a treaty among the major nations that had won ___MASK30___ War I , which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction . It was negotiated at the Washington Naval Conference , held in Washington , D . C ., from November 1921 to February 1922 , and it was signed by the governments of the ___MASK38___ , the ___MASK62___ , Japan , France , and Italy . It limited the construction of battleships , battlecruisers and aircraft carriers by the signatories . The numbers of other categories of warships , including cruisers , destroyers and submarines , were not limited by the treaty , but those ships were limited to 10 , 000 tons displacement . Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower ___MASK24___ , Germany , the administrative capital of Wolfenbüttel District . It is best known as the location of the internationally renowned Herzog August Library and for having the largest concentration of timber - framed buildings in Germany . It is an episcopal see of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick . It is also home to the Jägermeister distillery and houses a campus of the Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences . The North ___MASK11___ was a confederation of 22 previously independent states of northern ___MASK12___ , with nearly 30 million inhabitants . It was the first modern German nation state and the basis for the later ___MASK70___ ( 1871  1918 ), when several south German states such as Bavaria joined . The ___MASK5___ was a historical German state . Its capital was the city of Brunswick (" Braunschweig "). It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . In the course of the 19th - century history of ___MASK12___ , the duchy was part of the German Confederation , the North German Confederation and from 1871 the ___MASK70___ . It was disestablished after the end of World War I , its territory incorporated into the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Brunswick . The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the ___MASK38___ ' s naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom of France . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK ' s armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . The Congress of Vienna ( German : " Wiener Kongress ") was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich , and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815 , though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814 . The objective of the Congress was to provide a long - term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace . The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution , both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe . ___MASK15___ lost all its recent conquests , while ___MASK56___ , ___MASK61___ and Russia made major territorial gains . ___MASK56___ added smaller German states in the west , Swedish Pomerania and 60 % of the Kingdom of ___MASK24___ ; ___MASK61___ gained Venice and much of northern Italy . Russia gained parts of Poland . The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before , and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium . The immediate background was Napoleonic ___MASK15___ ' s defeat and surrender in May 1814 , which brought an end to twenty - five years of nearly continuous war . Negotiations continued despite the outbreak of fighting triggered by Napoleon ' s dramatic return from exile and resumption of power in ___MASK15___ during the Hundred Days of March  July 1815 . The Congress ' s " Final Act " was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815 . The ___MASK11___ was an association of 39 German states in Central Europe , created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German - speaking countries and to replace the former ___MASK74___ . Most historians have judged the Confederation to have been weak and ineffective , as well as an obstacle to the creation of a German nation - state . It collapsed due to the rivalry between ___MASK56___ and ___MASK61___ , warfare , the 1848 revolution , and the inability of the multiple members to compromise . ___MASK90___ is an unofficial , historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933 . The name derives from the city of Weimar , where its constitutional assembly first took place . The official name of the state was still " Deutsches Reich "; it had remained unchanged since 1871 . In English the country was usually known simply as Germany . A national assembly was convened in Weimar , where a new constitution for the " Deutsches Reich " was written , and adopted on 11 August 1919 . In its fourteen years , the ___MASK90___ faced numerous problems , including hyperinflation , political extremism ( with paramilitaries  both left - and right - wing ); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War . The people of Germany blamed the ___MASK90___ rather than their wartime leaders for the country ' s defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles . However , the ___MASK90___ government successfully reformed the currency , unified tax policies , and organized the railway system . Weimar Germany eliminated most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles ; it never completely met its disarmament requirements , and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations ( by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan ). Under the Locarno Treaties , Germany accepted the western borders of the republic , but continued to dispute the Eastern border . SMS Braunschweig was the first of five pre - dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class in the German Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial Navy ) . She was laid down in 1901 and commissioned in October 1904 , at a cost of 23 , 983 , 000 marks . She was named after the then ___MASK5___ ( German : Braunschweig ) . Her sister ships were Elsass , Hessen , Preussen , and Lothringen . The ship served in the II Squadron of the German fleet after commissioning , though by the outbreak of ___MASK30___ War I she had been moved to the IV Squadron . Braunschweig saw action in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy . In August 1915 , the ship participated in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga , during which she engaged the Russian battleship Slava . In 1916 , the ship was placed in reserve owing to crew shortages . She spent the remainder of ___MASK30___ War I as a training ship , and after 1917 , as a barracks ship for U - boat crews . Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , she was retained after the end of the war and modernized in 1921 -- 22 . Braunschweig served in the reformed Reichsmarine as a coastal defense ship until 1926 , when she was again placed in reserve . She was stricken in 1931 and subsequently broken up for scrap . Braunschweig ( Low German : " Brunswiek " ), also called Brunswick in English , is a city of 252 , 768 people ( as of 31 December 2015 ), in the state of Lower ___MASK24___ , Germany . It is located north of the Harz mountains at the furthest navigable point of the Oker river , which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser . A powerful and influential centre of commerce in medieval Germany , Braunschweig was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century , and the capital of the state of Brunswick until its disestablishment in 1946 . Today , Braunschweig is the second largest city in Lower ___MASK24___ and a major centre of scientific research and development . ___MASK30___ War I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First ___MASK30___ War , or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . The ___MASK70___ ( officially ') was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918 , when Germany became a federal republic ( the Weimar Republic ). The Free State of Brunswick was a state of the German Reich in the time of the ___MASK90___ . It was formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick in the course of the German Revolution of 1918  19 . Its capital was Braunschweig ( Brunswick ).