country_of_citizenship ivan kulibin
Ivan Petrovich Kulibin ( April 21 , 1735 -- August 11 , 1818 ) was a Russian mechanic and inventor . He was born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a trader . From childhood , Kulibin displayed an interest in constructing mechanical tools . Soon , clock mechanisms became a special interest of his . His realizations as well as his prolific imagination inspired the work of many . Moscow ( or ) is the capital and most populous city of ___MASK28___ , with 12 . 2 million residents within the city limits and 16 . 8 million within the urban area . Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city . ___MASK28___ ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , ___MASK28___ is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the ___MASK10___ ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European ___MASK28___ . ___MASK28___ ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . A day is a unit of time . In common usage , it is either an interval equal to 24 hours or daytime , the consecutive period of time during which the Sun is above the horizon . The period of time during which the ___MASK10___ completes one rotation with respect to the Sun is called a " solar day ". Several definitions of this universal human concept are used according to context , need and convenience . In 1960 , the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the ___MASK10___ , and was designated the SI base unit of time . The unit of measurement " day ", redefined in 1960 as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized " d ", is not an SI unit , but is accepted for use with SI . A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds , plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), and occasionally plus or minus an hour in those locations that change from or to daylight saving time . The word " day " may also refer to a day of the week or to a calendar date , as in answer to the question , " On which day ?" The life patterns of humans and many other species are related to ___MASK10___ ' s solar day and the day - night cycle ( see circadian rhythms ). A clock is an instrument to indicate , keep , and co - ordinate time . The word " clock " is derived ( via Dutch , Northern French , and Medieval Latin ) from the Celtic words " clagan " and " clocca " meaning " bell ". A silent instrument missing such a striking mechanism has traditionally been known as a timepiece . In general usage today a " clock " refers to any device for measuring and displaying the time . Watches and other timepieces that can be carried on one ' s person are often distinguished from clocks . Volga ( Privolzhsky ) Federal District (" Privolzhsky federalny okrug ") is one of the eight federal districts of ___MASK28___ . It forms the southeastern part of European ___MASK28___ . Its population was 29 , 899 , 699 ( 70 . 8 % urban ) according to the 2010 Census , living on an area of . Mikhail Babich was appointed the federal district ' s Presidential Envoy on December 15 , 2011 . Volga - Vyatka economic region ( tr .: " Volgo - Vyatsky ekonomichesky rayon ") is one of twelve economic regions of ___MASK28___ . It accounted for almost 3 per cent of the national GRP in 2008 . Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened to Nizhny , is a city in the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District in ___MASK28___ . From 1932 to 1990 , it was known as Gorky , after the ___MASK74___ Maxim Gorky , who was born there . The city is an important economic , transportation , scientific , educational and cultural center in ___MASK28___ and the vast Volga - Vyatka economic region , and is the main center of river tourism in ___MASK28___ . In the historical part of the city there are a large number of universities , theaters , museums and churches . Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km east of Moscow , where the Oka empties into the Volga . Population : Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (" Nizhegorodskaya oblast "), also known in English as Nizhegorod Oblast , is a federal subject of ___MASK28___ ( an oblast ). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod . Population : 3 , 310 , 597 ( 2010 Census ). From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast . Alexei Maximovich Peshkov ( or  18 June 1936 ), primarily known as Maxim ( Maksim ) Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet ___MASK74___ , a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist . He was also a five - time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature . Around fifteen years before success as a ___MASK74___ , he frequently changed jobs and roamed across the ___MASK12___ ; these experiences would later influence his writing . Gorky ' s most famous works were " The Lower Depths " ( 1902 ), " Twenty - six Men and a Girl ", " The Song of the Stormy Petrel ", " The Mother ", " Summerfolk " and " Children of the Sun ". He had an association with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov ; Gorky would later mention them in his memoirs .