country_of_citizenship clinomachus
Souda is a town and former municipality in the Chania regional unit , Crete , ___MASK80___ . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Chania , of which it is a municipal unit . The municipal unit has an area of . It is an important ferry and naval port at the head of Souda Bay . Calabria (' in Calabrian , ' in Calabrian Greek , in Greek , ' in Arbëresh ), known in antiquity as Bruttium or formerly as Italia , is a region in Southern ___MASK90___ , forming the " toe " of the Italian Peninsula . The Megarian school of philosophy , which flourished in the 4th century BC , was founded by Euclides of ___MASK49___ , one of the pupils of Socrates . Its ethical teachings were derived from Socrates , recognizing a single good , which was apparently combined with the Eleatic doctrine of Unity . Some of Euclides ' successors developed logic to such an extent that they became a separate school , known as the Dialectical school . Their work on modal logic , logical conditionals , and propositional logic played an important role in the development of logic in antiquity . Clinomachus ( Greek :  ; 4th - century BCE ) , was a Megarian philosopher from Thurii . He is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been the first who composed treatises on the fundamental principles of dialectics , and he is described as the founder of the Dialectical school . According to the Suda , he was the disciple of Euclid of ___MASK49___ , and he taught Bryson , the teacher of Pyrrho . He thus lived towards the earlier half of the 4th century BC . Claudius Ptolemy (" Klaúdios Ptolemaîos ", ; ) was a Greek ___MASK54___ , known as a mathematician , astronomer , geographer , astrologer , and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology . He lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of ___MASK19___ , wrote in Koine Greek , and held Roman citizenship . Beyond that , few reliable details of his life are known . His birthplace has been given as Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid in an uncorroborated statement by the 14th - century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes . This is a very late attestation , however , and there is no other reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else than Alexandria , where he died around AD 168 . Classical antiquity ( also the classical era , classical period or classical age ) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea , comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient ___MASK80___ and ancient Rome , collectively known as the Greco - Roman world . It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe , North Africa and Southwestern Asia . In the history of Europe , the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century . It began with the fall of the ___MASK58___ and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery . The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history : classical antiquity , the medieval period , and the modern period . The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early , High , and Late Middle Ages . Magna Graecia (; Latin meaning " Great ___MASK80___ ", , " Megál Hellás ") was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present - day regions of Campania , Apulia , Basilicata , Calabria and Sicily that were extensively populated by Greek settlers ; particularly the Achaean settlements of Croton , and Sybaris , and to the north , the settlements of Cumae and Neapolis . The settlers who began arriving in the 8th century BC brought with them their Hellenic civilization , which was to leave a lasting imprint in Italy , such as in the culture of ancient Rome . Most notably the Roman poet Ovid referred to the south of Italy as " Magna Graecia " in his poem " Fasti ". Pyrrho (" Pyrrn ", c . 360 BC  c . 270 BC ), was a Greek philosopher of Classical Antiquity and is credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher . The province of Cosenza is a province in the Calabria region of ___MASK90___ . Its provincial capital is the city of Cosenza . It contains 155 " comuni " (" comune "), listed at comunes of the Province of Cosenza . The Suda or Souda is a large 10th - century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world , formerly attributed to an author called Suidas . It is an encyclopedic lexicon , written in Greek , with 30 , 000 entries , many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost , and often derived from medieval Christian compilers . The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word " souda ", meaning " fortress " or " stronghold ," with the alternate name , " Suidas ", stemming from an error made by Eustathius , who mistook the title for the author ' s name . Euclid of ___MASK49___ ( also Euclides , Eucleides c . 435  c . 365 BCE ) was a Greek Socratic philosopher who founded the Megarian school of philosophy . He was a pupil of Socrates in the late 5th century BCE , and was present at his death . He held the supreme good to be one , eternal and unchangeable , and denied the existence of anything contrary to the good . Editors and translators in the Middle Ages often confused him with Euclid of Alexandria when discussing the latter ' s " Elements ". ___MASK90___ , officially the Italian Republic , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , ___MASK90___ shares open land borders with ___MASK20___ , Switzerland , ___MASK10___ , Slovenia , San Marino and ___MASK22___ . ___MASK90___ covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in ___MASK90___ as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . Thurii , called also by some Latin writers Thurium ( compare in Ptolemy ), for a time also Copia and Copiae , was a city of Magna Graecia , situated on the Tarentine gulf , within a short distance of the site of Sybaris , whose place it may be considered as having taken . The ruins of the city can be found in the Sybaris archaeological park near Sibari in the Province of Cosenza , Calabria , ___MASK90___ . ___MASK49___ is a historic town and a municipality in West ___MASK87___ , ___MASK80___ . It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis , which belonged to ___MASK49___ in archaic times , before being taken by Athens . ___MASK49___ was one of the four districts of ___MASK87___ , embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II , of whom Nisos was the ruler of ___MASK49___ . ___MASK49___ was also a trade port , its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring poleis . ___MASK49___ specialized in the exportation of wool and other animal products including livestock such as horses . It possessed two harbors , Pegae , to the west on the Corinthian Gulf and Nisaea , to the east on the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea .