place_of_birth robert sutherland rattray
Asia is Earth ' s largest and ___MASK15___ populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass ___MASK72___ Eurasia with the continent ___MASK72___ Europe . Asia covers an area ___MASK72___ , about 30 % ___MASK72___ Earth ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % ___MASK72___ the Earth ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority ___MASK72___ the human population , was the site ___MASK72___ many ___MASK72___ the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent ___MASK72___ 4 . 4 billion people . Mancala is a generic name for a family ___MASK72___ 2 - player turn - based strategy board games played with small stones or seeds and rows ___MASK72___ holes or pits in the earth , a board or other playing surface . The objective is usually to capture all or some set ___MASK72___ the opponent ' s stones . Versions ___MASK72___ the game have been played for at least hundreds ___MASK72___ years around the world . ___MASK77___ ('), officially the Kingdom ___MASK72___ ___MASK77___ ('), is a landlocked country and the smallest state in Asia to be located entirely within the Himalaya mountain range . Located in the Eastern ___MASK27___ , it is bordered by ___MASK89___ in the north and India in the south . ___MASK77___ lacks a border with nearby Nepal due to the Indian state ___MASK72___ Sikkim and with Bangladesh due to the Indian states ___MASK72___ West ___MASK4___ and Assam . ___MASK77___ is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region ' s second least populous nation after the Maldives . Thimphu is its capital and largest city , while Phuntsholing is its financial center . South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the ___MASK39___ ___MASK72___ the Asian continent , which comprises the sub - Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian ___MASK1___ , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ situated south ___MASK72___ the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . The ___MASK64___ is the third largest ___MASK72___ the world ' s oceanic divisions , covering ( approximately 20 % ___MASK72___ the water on the Earth ' s surface ). It is bounded by Asia on the north , on the west by Africa , on the east by ___MASK9___ , and on the south by the Southern Ocean or , depending on definition , by Antarctica . It is named after the country ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ . The ___MASK64___ is known as " Ratnkara ", "" the mine ___MASK72___ gems "" in ancient Sanskrit literature , and as " Hind Mahsgar ", "" the great Indian sea "", in Hindi . ___MASK100___ (, also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001 ) is the capital of the Indian state of West ___MASK4___ . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of ___MASK100___ is India ' s oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . In 2011 , the city had population of 4 . 5 million , while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14 . 1 million , making it the third - most populous metropolitan area in India . In 2008 its gross domestic product ( adjusted for purchasing power parity ) was estimated to be 104 billion , which was the third highest among Indian cities , behind Mumbai and Delhi . ___MASK35___ ( or ), officially the Kingdom of ___MASK35___ , formerly known as Siam , is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia . With a total area of approximately , ___MASK35___ is the world ' s 51st - largest country . It is the 20th - most - populous country in the world , with around 66 million people . The capital and largest city is Bangkok . ___MASK48___ ; formerly known as ___MASK31___ or ) is the capital ___MASK72___ the Indian state ___MASK72___ Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay ___MASK72___ ___MASK4___ , it is one ___MASK72___ the biggest cultural , economic and educational centres in South India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth - largest city and fourth - most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the ___MASK48___ Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th - largest urban area by population in the world . ___MASK48___ is among the most visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015 . The Quality ___MASK72___ Living Survey rated ___MASK48___ as the safest city in India . ___MASK48___ attracts 45 percent ___MASK72___ health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent ___MASK72___ domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed " India ' s health capital ". As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country , ___MASK48___ confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio - economic problems . Robert Sutherland Rattray , CBE , known as Captain R . S . Rattray ( 1881 , ___MASK17___ -- 1938 ) was an early Africanist and student of the Ashanti . He was one of the early writers on Oware , and on Ashanti gold weights . The Andaman and Nicobar Islands , one ___MASK72___ the seven union territories ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ , are a group ___MASK72___ islands at the juncture ___MASK72___ the Bay ___MASK72___ ___MASK4___ and Andaman Sea . ___MASK89___ , officially the People ' s Republic of ___MASK89___ ( PRC ), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over 1 . 381 billion , it is the world ' s most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of ___MASK89___ , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct - controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ), and two mostly self - governing special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau ), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country ' s major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and Hong Kong . ___MASK89___ is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . ___MASK14___ ( also known as Bombay , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of ___MASK24___ . It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world , with an estimated city population of 18 . 4 million . Along with the neighbouring regions of the ___MASK14___ Metropolitan Region , it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the second most populous metropolitan area in India , with a population of 20 . 7 million . ___MASK14___ lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2009 , ___MASK14___ was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest GDP of any city in South , West , or Central Asia . ___MASK14___ has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India . ___MASK57___ ( also known as Amdavad ) is the largest city and former capital of Gujarat , which is a state in ___MASK17___ . It is the administrative headquarters of the ___MASK57___ district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . With a population of more than 6 . 3 million and an extended population of 7 . 8 million , it is the sixth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of ___MASK17___ . ___MASK57___ is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . ___MASK8___ ( , " The country of ___MASK4___ "), officially the People ' s Republic of ___MASK8___ (                  " Gônôprôjatôntri ___MASK8___ "), is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar ( Burma ). Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near ___MASK8___ but do not share a border with it . The country ' s maritime territory in the Bay of ___MASK4___ is roughly equal to the size of its land area . ___MASK8___ is the world ' s eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong which has the country ' s largest port . ___MASK17___ , officially the ___MASK22___ of ___MASK17___ (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of ___MASK4___ on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , ___MASK17___ is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . ___MASK17___ ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . ___MASK60___ ( or ; Sinhalese :         ', Tamil :     " Ilakai "), officially the Democratic Socialist ___MASK22___ of ___MASK60___ ( formerly known as Ceylon ), is an island country in South Asia near south - east India . ___MASK60___ has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest . ___MASK4___ ( bgl ; Bengali :    ,      and    ) is a region in Asia which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of ___MASK4___ . Geographically , it is made up by the Ganges - Brahmaputra delta system , the largest such formation in the world ; along with mountains in its north ( bordering the Himalayan states ) and east ( bordering Northeast India and Burma ). ___MASK94___ ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the ___MASK22___ of ___MASK94___ , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , ___MASK94___ is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . Democracy ("" literally " rule ___MASK72___ the commoners "), in modern usage , is a system ___MASK72___ government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body , such as a parliament . Democracy is sometimes referred to as " rule ___MASK72___ the majority ". Democracy was originally conceived in Classical Greece , where political representatives were chosen by a jury from amongst the ___MASK58___ citizens : rich and poor . The Arabian Sea is a region ___MASK72___ the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by ___MASK6___ and Iran , on the west by northeastern ___MASK10___ and the Arabian Peninsula , and on the east by India . Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea . Its total area is and its maximum depth is . The Gulf ___MASK72___ Aden is in the southwest , connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait ___MASK72___ Bab - el - Mandeb , and the Gulf ___MASK72___ Oman is in the northwest , connecting it to the Persian Gulf . ___MASK63___ is the capital of ___MASK17___ and one of Delhi city ' s 11 districts . ___MASK26___ ( Dilli )       , officially the National Capital Territory ___MASK72___ ___MASK26___ , is a city and a union territory ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ . It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east . It is the most expansive city in ___MASK17___  about . It has a population ___MASK72___ about 25 million , making it the second most populous city after Mumbai and most populous urban agglomeration in ___MASK17___ and 3 largest urban area in the world . Urban expansion in ___MASK26___ has caused it to grow beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states . At its largest extent , there is a population ___MASK72___ about 25 million residents . According to data released by Oxford Economics , ___MASK26___ NCR urban agglomeration has replaced Mumbai Metropolitan Region urban agglomeration as the economic capital ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ . However the comparison ___MASK72___ the figures specific to the Metropolis ___MASK72___ ___MASK26___ and Metropolis ___MASK72___ Mumbai was not provided by this institution . These figures however did not match with those revealed by the reserve bank ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ , The economic survey ___MASK72___ ___MASK17___ , The economic survey ___MASK72___ ___MASK26___ and ___MASK24___ . The ___MASK65___ (, or ), officially the ___MASK22___ of ___MASK65___ (""), is a South Asian island country , located in the Indian Ocean . It lies southwest of India and Sri Lanka . The chain of twenty - six atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south . Comprising a territory spanning roughly , the ___MASK65___ is one of the world ' s most geographically dispersed countries , as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population , with a little over 393 , 500 inhabitants . ___MASK93___ is the capital and most populated city , traditionally called the " King ' s Island " for its central location . ___MASK79___ (; often ) is the capital of the southern Indian state of ___MASK98___ and " de jure " capital of Andhra Pradesh . Occupying along the banks of the Musi River , it has a population of about and a metropolitan population of about , making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India . At an average altitude of , much of ___MASK79___ is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar  predating the city ' s founding  north of the city centre . ___MASK6___ ( or ), officially the Islamic ___MASK22___ of ___MASK6___ , is a federal parliamentary ___MASK22___ in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia . It is the sixth - most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people . It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . ___MASK6___ has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest and ___MASK89___ in the far northeast respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan ' s narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . An abstract strategy game is a strategy game that does not rely on a " theme ". Traditional abstract strategy games will conform to the strictest definition ___MASK72___ : a gameboard , card , or tile game in which there is no hidden information , no non - deterministic elements ( such as shuffled cards or dice rolls ), and ( usually ) two players or teams taking a finite number ___MASK72___ alternating turns . Oware is an Ashanti abstract strategy game among the Mancala family ___MASK72___ board games ( pit and pebble games ) played world - wide with slight variations as to the layout ___MASK72___ the game , number ___MASK72___ players and strategy ___MASK72___ play . Its origin is uncertain but is widely believed to be ___MASK72___ Ashanti origin . The Bay ___MASK72___ ___MASK4___ , the largest bay in the world , forms the northeastern part ___MASK72___ the Indian Ocean . Roughly triangular , it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west , Bangladesh to the north , and Myanmar ( Burma ) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands ( India ) to the east . ___MASK55___ , officially the Federal Democratic ___MASK22___ of ___MASK55___ , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . It has a population of 26 . 4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering ___MASK89___ in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . ___MASK55___ does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip . It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . ___MASK55___ has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world ' s ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation ' s capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . ___MASK18___ , officially the Republic of the Union of ___MASK18___ and also known as Burma , is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh , India , ___MASK89___ , Laos and Thailand . About one third of ___MASK18___ ' s total perimeter of 5 , 876 km ( 3 , 651 miles ), forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1 , 930 km ( 1 , 200 miles ) along the Bay of ___MASK4___ and the Andaman Sea . The country ' s 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected , with 51 million people recorded . ___MASK18___ is 676 , 578 square kilometres ( 261 , 227 sq mi ) in size . Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon ( Rangoon ).