country_of_citizenship josef svatopluk machar
The ___MASK39___ , also known by the short name Czechia , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast . The ___MASK39___ covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10 . 5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1 . 2 million residents . The ___MASK39___ includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . International Organization is a quarterly peer - reviewed ___MASK19___ journal that covers the entire field of international affairs . It was established in 1947 and is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Organization Foundation . The editor - in - chief is Jon Pevehouse ( University of Wisconsin  Madison ). Leo Wiener ( 1862  1939 ) was an ___MASK89___ historian , linguist , author and translator . Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC , , or OPEP in several other languages ) is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations , founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members ( ___MASK86___ , ___MASK75___ , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Venezuela ), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna . As of 2015 , the 13 countries accounted for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world ' s " proven " oil reserves , giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by American - dominated multinational oil companies . Josef Svatopluk Machar ( ( josf svatopluk maxar ) ; 1864 -- 1942 ) was a Czech poet and essayist . A leader of the realist movement in Czech poetry and a master of colloquial Czech , Machar was active in anti - Austrian political circles in Vienna . Many of his poems were satires of political and social conditions . In the poetic cycle The Conscience of the Ages ( 1901 -- 1921 ) , of which Golgotha was the initial volume , he contrasted antique with Christian civilization , favoring the former . His Magdalena ( 1894 , translated into English by Leo Wiener , 1916 ) , a satirical novel in verse , concerns the treatment of women . Both Machar ' s use of colloquial diction and his brilliantly expressed skepticism greatly influenced Czech literature and public opinion . ___MASK98___ , officially the Slovak Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the ___MASK39___ and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . ___MASK98___ ' s territory spans about and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak , a member of the Slavic language family . Berlin is the capital and the largest city of ___MASK95___ as well as one of its constituent 16 states . With a population of approximately 3 . 5 million people , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern ___MASK95___ on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin - Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one - third of the city ' s area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers and lakes . Centrope is an Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in the Central Europe encompassing four European countries : ___MASK98___ , Austria , Hungary and ___MASK39___ . A historian is a person who researches , studies , and writes about the past , and is regarded as an authority on it . Historians are concerned with the continuous , methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race ; as well as the study of all history in time . If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history , the individual is a historian of prehistory . Although " historian " can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike , it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline . Some historians , though , are recognized by publications or training and experience . " Historian " became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in ___MASK95___ and elsewhere . ___MASK18___ is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by ___MASK98___ to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , ___MASK18___ is a medium - sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world . ___MASK18___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as an Alpha - global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Gyr . Vienna is the capital and largest city of ___MASK24___ and one of the nine states of ___MASK24___ . Vienna is ___MASK24___ ' s primary city , with a population of about 1 . 8 million ( 2 . 6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of ___MASK24___ ' s population ), and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th - largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German - speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro - Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of ___MASK24___ and is close to the borders of the ___MASK39___ , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Bratislava ( or also known by ) is the capital of ___MASK98___ , and with a population of about 450 , 000 , the country ' s largest city . The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650 , 000 people . Bratislava is in southwestern ___MASK98___ , occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava . Bordering Austria and Hungary , it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states . ___MASK24___ is a federal republic made up of nine states , known in German as Länder ( singular Land ). Since " Land " is also the German word for " country ", the term Bundesländer (" federation states "; singular Bundesland ) is often used instead to avoid ambiguity . The Constitution of ___MASK24___ uses both terms . In English , the term "( Bundes ) land " is commonly rendered as " state " or " province ".