office_contested norwegian parliamentary election
Gro Harlem Brundtland ( born Gro Harlem , 20 April 1939 ) is a Norwegian politician , who served three terms as ___MASK27___ ( 1981 , 1986  89 , and 1990  96 ) and as Director - General of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003 . She is also known for having chaired the Brundtland Commission which presented the Brundtland Report on sustainable development . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health . It was established on 7 April 1948 , headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland . The WHO is a ___MASK17___ of the United Nations Development Group . Its predecessor , the Health Organization , was an agency of the League of Nations . A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country ' s national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ), to partial and restricted (" constitutional " monarchy ), to completely autocratic (" absolute " monarchy ). Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch ' s post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , and other factors . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch ' s reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their ___MASK85___ . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia " reign , but do not rule " although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition . The ___MASK27___ ( literally " state minister ") is the political leader of Norway and the Head of the Government of Norway . The Prime Minister and Cabinet ( consisting of all the most senior government department heads ) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch , to the Storting ( Parliament of Norway ), to their political party , and ultimately the electorate . In practice , since it is nearly impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting , the Prime Minister is primarily answerable to the Storting . Kjell Magne Bondevik ( born 3 September 1947 ) is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician ( Christian Democratic Party ). He served as ___MASK27___ from 1997 to 2000 , and from 2001 to 2005 , making him Norway ' s longest serving non - Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II . Currently , he is President of the Oslo Centre for Peace and Human Rights . Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 14 and 15 September 1997 . Prior to the election ___MASK56___ Thorbjørn Jagland of the Labour Party had issued the 36 . 9 ultimatum declaring that the government would step down unless it gained 36 . 9 % of the vote , the percentage gained by the Labour Party in 1993 under Gro Harlem Brundtland . Whilst Labour won a plurality of seats , they were unable to reach Jagland ' s 36 . 9 % threshold , gaining 35 % of the vote . As a result of this , the Labour government stepped down , being replaced by a centrist coalition of the Christian People ' s Party , Liberal Party and the Centre Party , with Kjell Magne Bondevik being appointed ___MASK56___ , and confidence and supply support from the Progress Party and Conservative Party . Formally known as the World Commission on Environment and Development ( WCED ), the mission of Brundtland Commission is to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together . The ___MASK30___ of the Commission , Gro Harlem Brundtland , was appointed by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar , former Secretary General of the United Nations , in December 1983 . At the time , the UN General Assembly realized that there was a heavy deterioration of the human environment and natural resources . To rally countries to work and pursue sustainable development together , the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission . Gro Harlem Brundtland was the former ___MASK27___ and was chosen due to her strong background in the sciences and public health . The Brundtland Commission officially dissolved in December 1987 after releasing " Our Common Future ", also known as the " Brundtland Report ", in October 1987 , a document which coined , and defined the meaning of the term " Sustainable Development ". " Our Common Future " won the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in 1991 . The organization Center for Our Common Future was started in April 1988 to take the place of the Commission . Norway (; Norwegian : ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub - Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands ( since 1035 ), Greenland ( 1261 ), and Iceland ( 1262 ). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . The 36 . 9 ultimatum refers to the 1997 ultimatum by then - ___MASK27___ , Thorbjørn Jagland , that his government would resign if the Norwegian Labour Party gained less than 36 . 9 % of the votes ( the percentage gained by the Labour Party in 1993 under Gro Harlem Brundtland ) in the parliamentary election , no matter what the parliamentary situation would be .