country shahidan
___MASK76___ ( Pashto / Dari : , " Afnistn "), officially the Islamic Republic of ___MASK76___ , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . It has a population of approximately 32 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast . Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world . ___MASK73___ ( or ), officially the Islamic Republic of ___MASK73___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia . It is the sixth - most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people . It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . ___MASK73___ has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of ___MASK32___ in the south and is bordered by India to the east , ___MASK76___ to the west , Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by ___MASK76___ ' s narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with ___MASK32___ . Pashto (; " Pax  t " ), also known in older literature as Afghn or Pahn , is the South - Central Asian language of the Pashtuns . Its speakers are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans . It is an Eastern Iranian language , belonging to the Indo - European family . Pashto is one of the two official languages of ___MASK76___ , and it is the second - largest regional language of Pakistan , mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country . Pakistan ' s Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) are almost 100 % Pashto - speaking , while it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan . Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world . The total number of Pashto - speakers is estimated to be 45  60 million people worldwide . The Paropamisadae , also known by other names , were a people who lived in the area of ___MASK76___ and northern Pakistan during classical antiquity . The name was also used to refer to the lands these people inhabited , properly known as . Name . " Paropamisadae " is the latinized form of the Greek name " Paropamisádai ", used to refer to the inhabitants of the land of " Paropamisus " (" Paropamisós ") in the Hindu Kush . The name derived from the Old Persian " Para - upari - sena " ( " Beyond the Raised Land "), which properly referred to the Peshawar Valley on the other side of the mountains from Persia , with its major settlements at Peshawar and Charsadda in what is now Pakistan ' s Gandhara district . Afghan ( Pashto also Persian :  ; see " etymology ") refers to someone or something from ___MASK76___ , in particular a citizen of that country . Prior to the rise of the nation as ___MASK76___ , it was used by Persian speakers and those influenced by the Persian language to denote the Pashtun people . In modern times , " Afghan " is rarely used as an ethnic term for the Pashtuns , but is rather used as the national demonym for all citizens of ___MASK76___  Pashtuns , Tajiks , and also a large number of Hazaras , Uzbeks , Aimaqs , Turkmens , Balochs , Nuristanis , Pashayis , Pamiris , Arabs , and others . According to the " Encyclopædia Iranica ", the word Afghan ( afn ) in current political usage means any citizen of ___MASK76___ , regardless of their tribal or religious affiliation . According to the 1964 Constitution of ___MASK76___ , all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law . The fourth article of the current Constitution of ___MASK76___ states that citizens of ___MASK76___ consist of Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazara , Uzbek , Turkmen , Aymaq , Arab , Baluch , Pashayi , Nuristani , Qezelbash , Gujjars , Brahui , and members of other tribes . A river is a natural flowing watercourse , usually freshwater , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another river . In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the ___MASK49___ , " burn " in Scotland and northeast ___MASK83___ , and " beck " in northern ___MASK83___ . Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . The Hindu Kush ( Pashto , Persian and ), also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus or Paropamisadae , is an mountain range that stretches near the Afghan - ___MASK73___ border , from central ___MASK76___ to northern ___MASK73___ . It forms the western section of the " Hindu Kush Himalayan Region " (" HKH "). It divides the valley of the Amu Darya ( the ancient " Oxus ") to the north from the Indus River valley to the south . The Amu Darya ('; /; //; '), also called the Amu River and historically known by its Latin name , , is a major river in Central Asia . It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers , at Qal ` eh - ye Panjeh in ___MASK76___ , and flows from there north - westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea . In ancient times , the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan . The Indus River , also called Darya - e - Sindh or Sindh River or Absn , is a major south - flowing river in South Asia . The total length of the river is which makes it one of the longest rivers in Asia . Originating in the western part of ___MASK22___ in the vicinity of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar , the river runs a course through Ladakh , Gilgit - Baltistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , and then flows along the entire length of Punjab to merge into the Arabian Sea near the city of Thatta in Sindh . It is the longest river of ___MASK73___ . Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas , " the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas ", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change . It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas . The United Nations projected that half of the ___MASK78___ ' s population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 . It is predicted that by 2050 about 64 % of the developing ___MASK78___ and 86 % of the developed ___MASK78___ will be urbanized . That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050 , much of which will occur in Africa and Asia . Notably , the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2016 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities , about 1 . 1 billion new urbanites over the next 14 years . Kabul ( Pashto /) is the capital of ___MASK76___ as well as its largest city , located in the eastern section of the country . According to a 2015 estimate , the population of the city was around 3 , 678 , 033 which includes all the major ethnic groups . Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world ' s 64th largest city and the fifth fastest - growing city in the world . The Baba Mountain range (" Bâbâ ar "; " Koh - e Bâbâ ") is the western extension of the Hindu Kush , and the origin of ___MASK76___ ' s Kabul , Helmand , Arghandab and the Hari River . The mountain range is crowned by Foladi peak (" Shah Fuladi ") rising 4951 m ; 16 , 244 ft . above sea level , and is located south of Bamyan , ___MASK76___ . Shahidan /  ( also Shaidan , Dari / Hazaragi language :  ) is located in Bamiyan . , about 260 km ( 160 mi ) northwest of Kabul and west of Bamiyan city , the provincial capital of Bamiyan Province . A large place between two famous mountain ranges Koh - i - Baba and Hindu Kush . Shahidan had a population of 25 , 500 . Also a large part of Shahidan people are as refugees outside the country , especially in ___MASK11___ and ___MASK73___ .