date_of_death isaak pomeranchuk
Warsaw (; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of Poland . It stands on the Vistula River in east - central Poland , roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains . Its population is estimated at ___MASK8___ . 750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3 . 105 million residents , which makes Warsaw the 9th most - populous capital city in the European Union . The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers . Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk ( ___MASK35___ , Warsaw , Russian Empire  ___MASK23___ , Moscow , USSR ) was a Soviet physicist , who was the founder and first head of the theory division at ITEP . The particle pomeron is named in his honour . For his work , Pomeranchuk was twice awarded the Stalin State Prize ( 1950 , 1952 ). He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1953 and full member in 1964 . Russia ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over ___MASK7___ million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European Russia . Russia ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over ___MASK43___ million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . The Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , after ___MASK26___ the Commonwealth of Poland , was a dualistic state , a bi - confederation , of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch , who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania . It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th - and 17th - century Europe . At its peak in the early 17th century , the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi - ethnic population of 11 million . The union was formalized by the Union of Lublin in July 1569 , but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de - facto personal union since ___MASK91___ with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania ' s Grand Duke Jogaila , who was crowned King " jure uxoris " Wadysaw II Jagieo of Poland . The First Partition of Poland in ___MASK24___ and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the nation ' s size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 . The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean , enclosed by Scandinavia , Finland , the Baltic countries , and the North European Plain . It includes the Gulf of Bothnia , the Bay of Bothnia , the Gulf of Finland , the Gulf of Riga , and the Bay of Gdask . The sea stretches from ___MASK30___ ° N to ___MASK66___ ° N latitude and from ___MASK21___ ° E to 30 ° E longitude . A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic , with limited water exchange between the two bodies , the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund , the Great Belt , and the Little Belt . Moscow ( or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with ___MASK96___ . 2 million residents within the city limits and ___MASK97___ . 8 million within the urban area . Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city . The Ottoman Empire ('; Modern Turkish : ' or '), also known as the Turkish Empire , Ottoman Turkey , was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman . After ___MASK11___ , the Ottomans crossed into Europe , and with the conquest of the Balkans the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire . The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the ___MASK41___ conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror . Russia , also officially known as the Russian Empire , was a state that existed from ___MASK85___ until it was overthrown by the short - lived liberal February Revolution in ___MASK54___ . One of the largest empires in world history , stretching over three continents , the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires . The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers : the Swedish Empire , the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , Persia and the Ottoman Empire . It played a major role in 1812  14 in defeating Napoleon ' s ambitions to control Europe , and expanded to the west and south . Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk ( Russian :          ; May ___MASK92___ , ___MASK44___ , Warsaw , Russian Empire -- December 14 , ___MASK49___ , Moscow , USSR ) was a Soviet physicist , who was the founder and first head of the theory division at ITEP . The particle pomeron is named in his honour . For his work , Pomeranchuk was twice awarded the Stalin State Prize ( 1950 , 1952 ) . He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1953 and full member in 1964 . Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic Sea , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over ___MASK50___ . 5 million people , Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . Poland is a unitary state divided into ___MASK97___ administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden ' s territorial control of much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries , a time when Sweden was one of the great European powers . The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus , who ascended the throne in ___MASK51___ , and the end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War . In Swedish history , the period is referred to as " stormaktstiden ", literally meaning " the Great Power era ". In physics , the pomeron is a Regge trajectory , a family of particles with increasing spin , postulated in ___MASK81___ to explain the slowly rising cross section of hadronic collisions at high energies . It is named after Isaak Pomeranchuk . Napoleon Bonaparte (" Napoléon Bonaparte "; , born "" Napoleone di Buonaparte ""; ___MASK14___ August ___MASK75___  5 May ___MASK45___ ) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars . As Napoleon I , he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 , and again in 1815 . Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars . He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles , building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815 . One of the greatest commanders in history , his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide . Napoleon ' s political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history .