country_of_citizenship uthman
Uthman ibn Affan ( Arabic :     , translit . `` Uthmn ibn `` Affn ; also known in English by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman ; 576 -- 17 June 656 ) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , and the third of the Sunni Rashidun or `` Rightly Guided Caliphs '' . Born into a prominent Meccan clan of the Quraysh tribe , he played a major role in early Islamic history , succeeding Umar ibn al - Khattab as caliph at age 65 . He was also the prophet ' s son - in - law twice , being married to two of the prophet ' s daughters Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum ( he was married to the second daughter after the first passed away ) . Under the leadership of Uthman , the empire expanded into Fars in 650 ( present - day Iran ) , some areas of Khorasan ( present - day Afghanistan ) in 651 and the conquest of Armenia was begun in the 640s . Moses (' ' '; " Moushe "; '; "" in both the Septuagint and the New Testament ) is a prophet in Abrahamic religions . According to the Hebrew Bible , he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver , to whom the authorship of the Torah , or acquisition of the Torah from Heaven is traditionally attributed . Also called " Moshe Rabbenu " in Hebrew (" lit ." " Moses our ___MASK4___ "), he is the most important prophet in Judaism . He is also an important prophet in Christianity , Islam , Bahá ' í Faith as well as a number of other faiths . Abraha ( also spelled Abreha ) ( died after AD 553 ; r . 525  at least 553 ), also known as ' Abraha al - Ashram ( Arabic :   ), was an Ethiopian general then the viceroy of southern Arabia for the ___MASK17___ , and later declared himself an independent King of Himyar . Abraha ruled much of present - day ___MASK33___ and Hijaz from at least 531 - 547 AD to 555 - 565 AD . JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law , powered by a staff of more than 60 law students working in Pittsburgh and other US locations under the direction of founding Publisher & ___MASK55___ - in - Chief Professor Bernard Hibbitts , Acting Executive Director Andrew Morgan , Research Director Jaclyn Belczyk , Technical Director Jeremiah Lee , Managing ___MASK55___ Joseph Macklin and Chief of Staff Steven Wildberger . It features continuously updated US and international legal news and expert commentary . JURIST is dedicated to advancing civic education , supporting sound decision - making and promoting the rule of law by objectively reporting , documenting and analyzing important legal developments as they happen . JURIST seeks to encourage teaching , learning , and scholarship within the legal community and in the general community . Umar , also spelled Omar ( born c . 583 CEdied 3 November 644 CE ), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history . He was a senior Sahabi of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . He succeeded Abu Bakr ( 632  634 ) as the second caliph of the ___MASK82___ on 23 August 634 . He was an expert Islamic jurist known for his pious and just nature , which earned him the epithet Al - Farooq (" the one who distinguishes ( between right and wrong )"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam , since a later Umayyad caliph , Umar II , also bore that name . The ___MASK82___ (') was the Islamic caliphate in the earliest period of Islam , comprising the first four caliphs  the " Rightly Guided " or Rashidun caliphs ('). It was founded after Muhammad ' s death in 632 ( year 11 AH in the Islamic calendar ). At its height , the Caliphate controlled an empire from the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant , to the Caucasus in the north , North Africa from Egypt to present - day Tunisia in the west , and the Iranian plateau to Central Asia in the east . Muhammad ( c . 570 CE  8 June 632 CE ) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non - Muslims . He is known as the " Holy Prophet " to Muslims , almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam , believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief .