country_of_citizenship frank carty
The Irish Republic ( or ) was a revolutionary state that declared its independence from Britain in January 1919 . In theory the Republic covered the whole island of ___MASK17___ , but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of ___MASK17___ ' s 32 counties , and British state forces maintained presence across much of the north - east , as well as Cork , Dublin and other major towns . The Oireachtas (" aer - tahs "), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann , is the legislature of ___MASK17___ . The Oireachtas consists of : The Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) is any of several armed movements in ___MASK17___ in the 20th and 21st centuries dedicated to Irish republicanism , the belief that all of ___MASK17___ should be an independent republic . It was also characterised by the belief that political violence was necessary to achieve that goal . Sir Winston Leonard Spencer - Churchill ( 30 November 187424 January 1965 ) was a ___MASK89___ statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 . Churchill was also an officer in the ___MASK89___ Army , a non - academic historian , a writer ( as Winston S . Churchill ), and an artist . He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his overall , lifetime body of work . In 1963 , he was the first of only eight people to be made an honorary citizen of the United States . Francis Joseph `` Frank '' Carty ( 3 April 1897 -- 10 September 1942 ) was a leader of the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) in the fight with the Black and Tans in the Irish War of Independence , and a long - serving Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála ( TD ) . The position of Secretary of State for War , commonly called War Secretary , was a ___MASK89___ cabinet - level position , first held by Henry Dundas ( appointed in 1794 ). In 1801 the post became that of Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The position was re - instated in 1854 . ___MASK17___ ( Ulster - Scots : ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George ' s Channel . ___MASK17___ is the second - largest island of the British Isles , the third - largest in Europe , and the twentieth - largest on Earth . Khaki ( ___MASK82___ and ) is a color , a light shade of yellow - brown . " Khaki " is a loanword incorporated from Hindustani ( Urdu or Hindi )    /  ( meaning " soil - colored ") and is originally derived from the Persian : (" Khâk ", literally meaning " soil "), which came to English from British India via the British Indian Army . The Black and Tans , officially the Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve , was a force of Temporary Constables recruited to assist the Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ) during the Irish War of Independence . The force was the brainchild of Winston Churchill , then ___MASK89___ Secretary of State for War . Recruitment began in Great Britain in late 1919 . Thousands , many of them ___MASK89___ Army veterans of World War I , answered the ___MASK89___ government ' s call for recruits . Most of the recruits came from Britain , although it also had some members from ___MASK17___ . Their role was to help the RIC maintain control and fight the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ), the army of the Irish Republic . The nickname " Black and Tans " arose from the colours of the improvised uniforms they initially wore , composed of mixed khaki ___MASK89___ Army and rifle green RIC uniform parts . The Black and Tans became infamous for their attacks on civilians and civilian property . A TD ( plural TDanna in Irish ; full Irish form Teachta Dála , , plural " Teachtaí Dála ") is a member of Dáil Éireann , the lower house of the Oireachtas ( the Irish Parliament ). It is the equivalent of terms such as " Member of Parliament " ( MP ) or " Member of Congress " used in other states . The official translation of the term is " Deputy to the Dáil ", although a more literal translation is " Assembly Delegate ". The ___MASK89___ Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom . The force was initially administered by the War Office from ___MASK54___ , which in 1964 was subsumed into the Ministry of Defence . The professional head of the ___MASK89___ Army is the Chief of the General Staff . Irish republicanism is an ideology based on the belief that all of ___MASK17___ should be an independent republic . The development of nationalist and democratic sentiment throughout Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was reflected in ___MASK17___ in the emergence of republicanism , in opposition to British rule . This followed hundreds of years of British conquest and Irish resistance through rebellion . Discrimination against Catholics and Non - conformists , attempts by the British administration to suppress Irish culture , and the belief that ___MASK17___ was economically disadvantaged as a result of the Act of Union were among the specific factors leading to such opposition . Fianna Fáil , also known as Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party , is a conservative political party based in the Republic of ___MASK17___ . Fianna Fáil ' s name is traditionally translated into English as " Soldiers of Destiny ", although a more literal rendition would be " Warriors of Fál " (" Fál " being a metonym or figurative name for ___MASK17___ ). The Irish War of Independence or Anglo - Irish War or the Tan War was a guerrilla war fought from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army ( IRA , the army of the Irish Republic ) and the ___MASK89___ security forces in ___MASK17___ . It was an escalation of the Irish revolutionary period into armed conflict . The Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC , Irish : " Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann "; simply called the Irish Constabulary 1836  67 ) was the armed police force of the ___MASK46___ in ___MASK17___ from the early nineteenth century until 1922 . A separate civic police force , the unarmed Dublin Metropolitan Police controlled the capital , and the cities of Derry and Belfast , originally with their own police forces , later had special divisions within the RIC . About seventy - five percent of the RIC were Roman Catholic and about twenty - five percent were of various Protestant denominations , the Catholics mainly constables and the Protestants officers . The RIC ' s successful system of policing influenced the armed Canadian North - West Mounted Police ( predecessor of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ), the armed Victoria Police force in Australia , and the armed Royal Newfoundland Constabulary in Newfoundland . In consequence of the Anglo - Irish Treaty , the RIC was disbanded in 1922 and was replaced by the Garda Síochána in the Irish Free State and the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern ___MASK17___ .