occupation guillermo barreto
A ___MASK46___ is a ___MASK89___ who plays drums , which includes a drum kit (" drum set " or " trap set ", including cymbals ) and accessory - based hardware which includes an assortment of pedals and standing support mechanisms , marching percussion or any musical instrument that is struck within the context of a wide assortment of musical genres . The term percussionist applies to a ___MASK89___ who performs struck musical instruments of numerous diverse shapes , sizes and applications . Most contemporary western ensembles bands for rock , pop , jazz , R & B etc . include a ___MASK46___ for purposes including timekeeping and embellishing the musical timbre . Most drummers of this particular designation work within the context of a larger contingent ( a . k . a . rhythm section ) that may also include , keyboard ( a percussion instrument ) or guitar , auxiliary percussion ( often of non western origin ) and bass ( bass viol or electric ). Said ensembles may also include melodic based mallet percussion including : vibraphone , marimba or xylophone . The rhythm section , being the core metronomic foundation with which other melodic instruments , including voices , may present the harmonic / melodic portion of the material . The drum is a ___MASK86___ of the percussion group of musical instruments . In the Hornbostel - Sachs classification system , it is a membranophone . Drums consist of at least one membrane , called a drumhead or drum skin , that is stretched over a shell and struck , either directly with the player ' s hands , or with a drum stick , to produce sound . There is usually a " resonance head " on the underside of the drum , typically tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drumhead . Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound , such as the thumb roll . Drums are the world ' s oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments , and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years . Cuba , officially the Republic of Cuba , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , the Gulf of Mexico , and the Atlantic Ocean meet . It is south of both the U . S . state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti , and north of Jamaica . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other ___MASK47___ cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean , with an area of , and the second - most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The term Afro - Cuban refers to Cubans who mostly have West African ancestry , and to historical or cultural elements in Cuba thought to emanate from this community . The term can refer to the combining of African and other cultural elements found in Cuban society such as race , ___MASK99___ , music , language , the arts , and class culture . Afro - Cuban jazz is the earliest form of Latin jazz . It mixes Afro - Cuban clave - based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation . Afro - Cuban jazz first emerged in the early 1940s with the Cuban musicians Mario Bauza and Frank Grillo " Machito " in the ___MASK25___ Machito and his Afro - Cubans , based in New York City . In 1947 the collaborations of bebop ___MASK58___ Dizzy Gillespie with Cuban ___MASK50___ Chano Pozo brought Afro - Cuban rhythms and instruments , most notably the tumbadora and the bongo , into the East Coast jazz scene . Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music , such as Dizzy ' s and Pozo ' s " Manteca " and Charlie Parker ' s and Machito ' s " Mangó Mangüé ", were commonly referred to as " Cubop ", short for Cuban bebop . During its first decades , the Afro - Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in Cuba itself . In the early 1970s , the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna and later Irakere brought Afro - Cuban jazz into the Cuban music scene , influencing new styles such as songo . Machito ( born Francisco Raúl Gutiérrez Grillo , December 3 , 1908 ? April 19 , 1984 ) was an influential Latin ___MASK90___ who helped refine Afro - Cuban jazz and create both Cubop and salsa music . He was raised in Havana alongside the singer Graciela , his foster sister . Irakere ( faux - Yoruba for ' forest ') is a Cuban ___MASK25___ founded by ___MASK51___ Chucho Valdés ( son of Bebo Valdés ) in 1973 . They won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Recording in 1980 with their album " Irakere ". Irakere was a seminal musical laboratory , where historic innovations in both Afro - Cuban jazz and Cuban popular dance music were created . The group used a wide array of percussion instruments like batá , abakuá and arará drums , chequerés , erikundis , maracas , claves , cencerros , bongó , tumbadoras ( congas ), and güiro . Marching percussion instruments are specially designed to be played while moving . This is achieved by attaching the drum ( s ) to a special harness ( also called a carrier or rack ) worn by the ___MASK46___ , although not all marching bands use such harnesses and instead use traditional baldrics to sling their drums ( the British Armed Forces , for instance , still use the old style of slung drums ). The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound , as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces . Articulation is paramount to producing a " clean " sound from all the drummers in the line . These instruments are used by marching bands , drum and bugle corps , indoor percussion ensembles , and pipe bands . A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a drumline or battery . Luciano Pozo González , better known as Chano Pozo ( January 7 , 1915 in Havana  December 3 , 1948 in New York City ) was a Cuban jazz ___MASK50___ , singer , dancer and composer . Despite only living to age 33 , he played a major role in the founding of Latin jazz . He was also a key influence on trumpet legend Dizzy Gillespie , co - writing some of Gillespie ' s Latin - flavored compositions including " Manteca " and " Tin Tin Deo ", and serving as the first Latin ___MASK50___ in Gillespie ' s band . Guillermo Barreto ( August 11 , 1929 -- December 14 , 1991 ) was a Cuban ___MASK46___ and timbalero . He was a major figure in the Cuban music scene for more than fifty years and one of the first drummers in Cuba to play Afro - Cuban jazz . John Birks " Dizzy " Gillespie ( October 21 , 1917  January 6 , 1993 ) was an American jazz ___MASK23___ , bandleader , ___MASK12___ , and ___MASK92___ . Charles " Charlie " Parker , Jr . ( August 29 , 1920  March 12 , 1955 ), also known as Yardbird and Bird , was an American jazz ___MASK83___ and composer . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a ___MASK47___ form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European ___MASK93___ band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ".