instance_of lagrand case
The Peace ___MASK86___ is an international law administrative building in The Hague , the Netherlands . It houses the International Court of Justice ( which is the ___MASK25___ judicial body of the United Nations ), the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace ___MASK86___ Library . The ___MASK86___ officially opened on 28 August 1913 , and was originally built to provide a home for the Permanent Court of Arbitration , a court created to end war by the Hague Convention of 1899 . Andrew Dickson White , whose efforts were instrumental in creating the court , secured from his friend American ___MASK14___ magnate Andrew Carnegie US $ 1 . 5 million ($, adjusted for inflation ) to build the Peace ___MASK86___ . Consular immunity privileges are described in the Vienna ___MASK85___ on Consular Relations of 1963 ( VCCR ). Consular immunity offers protections similar to diplomatic immunity , but these protections are not as extensive , given the functional differences between consular and diplomatic officers . For example , consular officers are not accorded absolute immunity from a host country  s criminal jurisdiction , they may be tried for certain local crimes upon action by a local court , and are immune from local jurisdiction only in cases directly relating to consular functions . The Vienna ___MASK85___ on Consular Relations of 1963 is an international treaty that defines a framework for consular relations between independent states . A consul normally operates out of an embassy in another country , and performs two functions : ( ___MASK45___ ) protecting in the host country the interests of their countrymen , and ( 2 ) furthering the commercial and economic relations between the two states . While a consul is not a diplomat , they work out of the same premises , and under this treaty they are afforded most of the same privileges , including a variation of diplomatic immunity called consular immunity . The treaty has been ratified by 179 states . A ___MASK58___ is an ___MASK40___ under international law entered into by actors in international law , namely sovereign states and international organizations . A ___MASK58___ may also be known as an ( international ) ___MASK40___ , protocol , covenant , convention , pact , or exchange of letters , among other terms . Regardless of terminology , all of these forms of agreements are , under international law , equally considered treaties and the rules are the same . The Hague ( or "< nowiki >'</ nowiki > s - Gravenhage " ) is a ___MASK88___ located in the western coast of the Netherlands , and the ___MASK15___ ___MASK88___ of the province of South Holland . The ___MASK28___ of Justice ( commonly referred to as the World Court or ICJ ) is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations ( UN ). Seated in the Peace ___MASK86___ in The Hague , Netherlands , the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches , agencies , and the UN General Assembly . The Netherlands is the main constituent ___MASK75___ . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North ___MASK27___ to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht . Amsterdam is the country ' s capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament . The name " Holland " is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands . The LaGrand ___MASK3___ was a legal action heard before the ___MASK28___ of Justice ( ICJ ) which concerned the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations . In the ___MASK3___ the ICJ found that its own temporary court orders were legally binding and that the ___MASK60___ contained in the convention could not be denied by the application of domestic legal procedures . An advisory ___MASK67___ is an ___MASK67___ issued by a court or a commission like an election commission that does not have the effect of adjudicating a specific ___MASK62___ , but merely advises on the constitutionality or interpretation of a law . Some countries have procedures by which the executive or legislative branches may certify important questions to the judiciary and obtain an advisory ___MASK67___ . In other countries or specific jurisdictions , courts may be prohibited from issuing advisory opinions . Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity that ensures diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to ___MASK42___ or prosecution under the host country ' s laws , although they can still be expelled . Modern diplomatic immunity was codified as international law in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations ( 1961 ) which has been ratified by all but a handful of nations , though the concept and custom of such immunity have a much longer ___MASK29___ dating back thousands of years . Many principles of diplomatic immunity are now considered to be customary law . Diplomatic immunity as an institution developed to allow for the maintenance of ___MASK24___ relations , including during periods of difficulties and armed conflict . When receiving diplomats , who formally represent the sovereign , the receiving head of state grants certain privileges and immunities to ensure they may effectively carry out their duties , on the understanding that these are provided on a reciprocal basis . The United Nations ( UN ) is an ___MASK65___ to promote international co - ___MASK5___ . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after ___MASK12___ II in ___MASK63___ to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan , New York City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and ___MASK64___ , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict .