child shahaji
Shahaji Raje Bhonsle was a Maratha general from the 17th century . The eldest son of Maloji Bhosale of Verul , Shahaji inherited the Pune and Supe jagirs , under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate . During the Mughal invasion of Deccan , he joined the Mughal forces and served Emperor ___MASK82___ for a brief period . After being deprived of his jagirs , he defected to the Bijapur Sultanate in 1632 and regained control over Pune and Supe . In 1638 , he also received the jagir of Bangalore , after Bijapur ' s invasion of Kempe Gowda III ' s territories . He eventually became the chief general of Bijapur , and oversaw its expansion . An early exponent of guerrilla warfare , he brought the house of Bhonsle into prominence . He was father of Shivaji , the founder of the Maratha Empire . The princely states of Tanjore , Kolhapur and Satara are also Bhonsle legacies . India , officially the Republic of India (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South ___MASK17___ . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire , self - designated as Gurkani (" Grkniyn ", meaning " son - in - law "), was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco - Mongol origin from Central ___MASK17___ . The dynasty , though ethnically Turco - Mongol , was Persianate in terms of culture . The Maratha ( archaically transliterated as Marhatta or Mahratta ) is a group of castes in India found predominantly in the state of Maharashtra . According to the " Encyclopædia Britannica ", " Marathas are people of India , famed in history as yeoman warriors and champions of Hinduism ." They reside primarily in the Indian state of Maharashtra . Abu ' l Muzaffar Muhi - ud - Din ___MASK14___ ( 3 November 1618  3 March 1707 ), commonly known as ___MASK34___ or by his regenal title Alamgir (" He who seizes the universe "), was the sixth , and widely considered the last effective Mughal Emperor . He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent during some parts of his reign , which lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707 . The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent , also called Indian continent , is a southern region of ___MASK17___ , mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas . Geologically , the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago . Geographically , it is the peninsular region in south - central ___MASK17___ delineated by the Himalayas in the north , the Hindu Kush in the west , and the Arakanese in the east . Politically , the Indian subcontinent usually includes Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka . The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was a late medieval Indian kingdom , located in the northwestern Deccan , between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur . Malik Ahmad , the Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general ___MASK4___ Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty rule over the sultanate of Ahmednagar . Initially his capital was in the town of Junnar with its fort , later renamed Shivneri . In 1494 , the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar . In 1636 Aurangzeb , then Mugal viceroy of Deccan finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal empire . Shivaji Bhonsle ( c . 1627 / 1630  ___MASK42___ April 1680 ), also known as ___MASK67___ , was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan . Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire . In 1674 , he was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati ( Monarch ) of his realm at Raigad . A Jagir ( IAST : Jgr ), also spelled as Jageer , was a type of feudal land grant in South ___MASK17___ at the foundation of its Jagirdar system . It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent , starting in the early 13th century , wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state . The tenants were considered to be in the servitude of the " jagirdar ". There were two forms of " jagir ", one conditional and other unconditional . The conditional " jagir " required the governing family to maintain troops and provide their service to the state when asked . The land grant was called " iqta ", usually for a holder ' s lifetime , and the land reverted to the state upon the death of the " jagirdar ". Pune (; spelt " Poona " during British rule ) is the the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ninth most populous city in the country . Situated above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river , Pune is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire established by Shivaji Maharaj . In the 18th century , Pune was the political centre of the Indian subcontinent , as the seat of the Peshwas who were the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire . South ___MASK17___ or Southern ___MASK17___ is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub - Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South ___MASK17___ is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West ___MASK17___ , Central ___MASK17___ , East ___MASK17___ , and Southeast ___MASK17___ . Mirza Shahabuddin Baig ___MASK14___ Khan ___MASK82___ ( 26 January 1592  9 May 1666 OS ) was the fifth Mughal emperor , who reigned from 1628 to 1658 .