country_of_citizenship matvei golovinski
Pyotr Ivanovich Rachkovsky ( 1853  1910 ) was chief of Okhrana , the secret service in Imperial ___MASK1___ . He was based in Paris from 1885 to 1902 . Matvei Vasilyevich Golovinski ( alternatively Mathieu ) ( Russian :    ) ( 1865 -- 1920 ) was a Russian - French writer , journalist and political activist . Critics studying The Protocols of the Elders of Zion have argued that he was the author of the work . This claim is reinforced by the writings of modern Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhine , who in 1999 studied previously closed French archives stored in Moscow containing information supporting Golovinski ' s authorship . Back in the mid - 1930s , Russian testimony in the Berne Trial had linked the head of Russian security service in Paris , Pyotr Rachkovsky , to the creation of the Protocols . Hegemony ( or , or " leadership , rule ") is the political , economic , or military predominance or control of one state over others . In ancient ___MASK92___ ( 8th century BCE  6th century CE ), " hegemony " denoted the politico  military dominance of a city - state over other city - states . The dominant state is known as the " hegemon ". Paris ( French : ) is the capital and most populous city of ___MASK41___ . It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2 , 229 , 621 within its administrative limits . The city is both a commune and department , and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île - de - ___MASK41___ , or Paris Region , which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12 , 005 , 077 , comprising 18 . 2 percent of the population of ___MASK41___ . The Protocols of the Elders of Zion or The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion is an antisemitic fabricated text purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination . The forgery was first published in ___MASK1___ in 1903 , translated into multiple languages , and disseminated internationally in the early part of the 20th century . According to the claims made by some of its publishers , the " Protocols " are the minutes of a late 19th - century meeting where Jewish leaders discussed their goal of global Jewish hegemony by subverting the morals of Gentiles , and by controlling the press and the world ' s economies . The Berne Trial ( also known under the name of " Zionistenprozess ") is a famous trial held in Berne , ___MASK77___ between 1933 and 1935 , under an obscenity - related statute (" Art . 14 des Bernischen Gesetzes über das Lichtspielwesen und Massnahmen gegen Schundliteratur 1916 "). The trial with its witnesses and supposed experts on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion caused an international sensation . Île - de - ___MASK41___ (, , " Island of ___MASK41___ "), also known as the " région parisienne " (" Parisian Region "; see Etymology ), is one of the 18 regions of ___MASK41___ , and includes the city of Paris . It covers 12012 square kilometers ( 4638 square miles ), and has its own regional council and president . It has a population of 12 , 005 , 077 as of January 2014 , or 18 . 2 percent of the population of ___MASK41___ . ___MASK1___ ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , ___MASK1___ is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the ___MASK30___ ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European ___MASK1___ . ___MASK1___ ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . ___MASK41___ , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of ___MASK41___ extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas ___MASK41___ include French Guiana on the South ___MASK100___ continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK41___ spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . ___MASK77___ , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic in Europe . It consists of 26 cantons , and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities . The country is situated in Western - Central Europe , and is bordered by ___MASK22___ to the south , ___MASK41___ to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . ___MASK77___ is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps , the Swiss Plateau and the Jura , spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are to be found : among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva . The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order , usually called " guard department " (" okhrannoye otdelenie ") and commonly abbreviated in modern sources as Okhrana or Okhranka in ___MASK1___ , was a secret police force of the ___MASK5___ and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ( MVD ) in the late 19th century , aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes .