occupation fuller albright
Fuller Albright ( January 12 , 1900 -- December 8 , 1969 ) was an American endocrinologist who made numerous contributions to his field , especially to the area of calcium metabolism . A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of ___MASK85___ ( C ), hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen  oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ); in other words , with the empirical formula ( where " m " could be different from " n "). Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula CHO . Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of ___MASK85___ ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . Metabolism ( from " metabol ", " change ") is the set of life - sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms . The three main purposes of metabolism are the conversion of food / fuel to energy to run cellular processes , the conversion of food / fuel to building blocks for proteins , lipids , nucleic acids , and some carbohydrates , and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes . These enzyme - catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce , maintain their structures , and respond to their environments . The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms , including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells , in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called ___MASK55___ metabolism or intermediate metabolism . In biology , lipids comprise a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats , waxes , sterols , fat - soluble vitamins ( such as vitamins A , D , E , and K ), monoglycerides , diglycerides , triglycerides , phospholipids , and others . The main biological functions of lipids include storing energy , signaling , and ___MASK76___ as structural components of cell membranes . Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology . Nucleic acids are biopolymers , or large biomolecules , essential to all known forms of life . They are composed of monomers , which are nucleotides made of three components : a 5 - ___MASK85___ sugar , a phosphate group , and a nitrogenous base . If the sugar is a simple ribose , the polymer is RNA ( ribonucleic acid ); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose , the polymer is DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ). Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7 . It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish ___MASK49___ Daniel Rutherford in 1772 . Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time , Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first . The name " nitrogen " was suggested by Jean - Antoine - Claude Chaptal in 1790 , when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates ; this name derives from the Greek roots  " nitre " and -  " to form ". Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name " azote ", from the Greek  " no life ", as it is an asphyxiant gas ; his name is instead used in many languages , such as French , Russian , and Turkish , and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine , azides and azo compounds . Blood plasma is a straw colored liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension ; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells . It makes up about 55 % of the body ' s total blood volume . It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid ( all body fluid outside of cells ). It is mostly water ( up to 95 % by volume ), and contains dissolved proteins ( 6  8 %) ( i . e . serum albumins , globulins , and fibrinogen ), glucose , clotting factors , electrolytes ( Na , Ca , Mg , HCO , Cl , etc .), hormones , ___MASK85___ dioxide ( plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation ) and oxygen . Plasma also serves as the protein reserve of the human body . It plays a vital role in an intravascular osmotic effect that keeps electrolytes in balanced form and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders . Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes , such as signaling and self - sustaining processes , from those that do not , either because such functions have ceased , or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate . Various forms of life exist , such as plants , animals , fungi , protists , archaea , and bacteria . The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses , viroids , or potential artificial life as " living ". Biology is the primary ___MASK92___ concerned with the study of life , although many other sciences are involved . Calcium metabolism refers to all the movements ( and how they are regulated ) of calcium atoms and ions into and out of various body compartments , such as the gut , the blood plasma , the interstitial fluids which bathe the cells in the body , the intracellular fluids , and bone . An important aspect , or component , of calcium metabolism is " plasma calcium homeostasis ", which describes the mechanisms whereby the concentration of calcium ions in the blood plasma is kept within very narrow limits . Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia , both of which can have important consequences for health . In humans , when the blood plasma ionized calcium level rises above its set point , the thyroid gland releases calcitonin , causing the plasma ionized calcium level to return to normal . When it falls below that set point , the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone ( PTH ), causing the plasma calcium level to rise . A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate ___MASK29___ . Bones support and protect the various organs of the body , produce red and white blood cells , store minerals , provide structure and support for the body , and enable mobility . Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure . They are lightweight yet strong and hard , and serve multiple functions . Parathyroid hormone ( PTH ), also called parathormone or parathyrin , is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling , which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time . It essentially increases blood calcium levels . The bones act as a ( metaphorical ) " ___MASK9___ of calcium " from which the body can make " withdrawals " as needed to keep the amount of calcium in the blood at appropriate levels despite the ever - present challenges of metabolism , stress , and nutritional variations . PTH is " a key that unlocks the ___MASK9___ vault " to remove the calcium . In consequence , PTH is vital to health , and health problems that yield too little or too much PTH ( such as hypoparathyroidism , hyperparathyroidism , or paraneoplastic syndromes ) can wreak havoc in the form of bone disease , hypocalcaemia , and hypercalcaemia . In ___MASK84___ , energy is the property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on  or to heat  the object , and can be converted in form , but not created or destroyed . The SI unit of energy is the joule , which is the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton .