mouth_of_the_watercourse muda river
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn ( for ) and atomic number 50 , is a post - transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table . It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite , which contains tin dioxide , SnO . Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14 , germanium and lead , and has two ___MASK100___ oxidation states , + 2 and the slightly more stable + 4 . Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has , with 10 stable isotopes , the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table , thanks to its magic number of protons . It has two ___MASK100___ allotropes : at room temperature , the stable allotrope is  - tin , a silvery - white , malleable metal , but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey  - tin , which has the diamond cubic structure . Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air . Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia , by the ___MASK38___ . It has two parts : Penang Island , where the capital city , George Town , is located , and Seberang Perai ( formerly " Province Wellesley "), on the Malay Peninsula . Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east and Perak to the south . The South China ___MASK47___ is a marginal ___MASK47___ that is part of the ___MASK74___ , encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around . The area ' s importance largely results from one - third of the world ' s shipping sailing through its waters and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed . Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , Indonesia is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined ___MASK47___ and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . The ___MASK38___ (; Jawi :   ) or Straits of Malacca is a narrow , stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula ( Peninsular Malaysia ) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra . It is named after the Malacca sultanate that ruled over the archipelago between 1400 and 1511 . Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia . It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China ___MASK47___ into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur , while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . Located in the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth , with large numbers of endemic species . Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( SRV ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia . With an estimated 90 . 5 million inhabitants , it is the world ' s 14th - most - populous country , and the eighth - most - populous Asian country . Vietnam is bordered by China to the north , Laos to the northwest , Cambodia to the southwest , Thailand across the ___MASK68___ to the southwest , and the Philippines , Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast . Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976 . Muda River ( Malay : Sungai Muda ) is the longest river in Kedah , Malaysia . Located in the district of Sik , the river provides water supply to Kedah and Penang . The Beris Dam , which was completed in 2004 at a cost of RM360 million , is used to regulate the flow of water along the Muda River basin to augment water available for irrigation of paddy or upland crops , for domestic and industrial water supply and other uses . The Philippines , officially the Republic of the Philippines , is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western ___MASK74___ . It consists of about 7 , 641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia . The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents . Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres , it is bordered by the ___MASK48___ to the west , the Pacific Ocean to the east , the Arctic Ocean to the north , and by Africa , the Mediterranean Sea , and the Indian Ocean to the south . The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct , with no clear physical separation between them ; thus , in some parts of the world , Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents . In geology , Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock . However , the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data . Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore , and often referred to as the " Lion City " or the " Little Red Dot ", is a sovereign city - state in Southeast Asia , and the world ' s only island city - state . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia ' s Riau Islands to the south . Singapore ' s territory consists of a diamond - shaped ___MASK100___ island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( 130 km ), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . Langkawi , officially known as Langkawi the Jewel of Kedah ( Malay : " Langkawi Permata Kedah "), is an archipelago of 104 islands in the ___MASK16___ , some 30km off the mainland coast of northwestern Malaysia . The islands are a part of the state of Kedah , which is adjacent to the Thai border . On 15 July 2008 , Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah had consented to the change of name to Langkawi Permata Kedah in conjunction with his Golden Jubilee Celebration . By far the largest of the islands is the eponymous Langkawi Island with a population of some 64 , 792 , the only other inhabited island being nearby Tuba Island . Langkawi is also an administrative district with the town of Kuah as largest town . Langkawi is a duty - free island . Kedah (:  ) also known by its honorific , Darul Aman , or " Abode of Peace " is a state of Malaysia , located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia . The state covers a total area of over 9 , 000 km² , and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi . The mainland has a relatively flat terrain , which is used to grow rice . Langkawi is an archipelago of islands , most of which are uninhabited . Kedah was called Kadaram ("") by ancient and medieval Tamil people and " Syburi " by the Siamese when it was under their influence . East Malaysia (" Malaysia Timur "), also known as Sabah , Sarawak and Labuan (" Sabah , Sarawak dan Labuan ") or Malaysian Borneo , is the part of Malaysia located on the island of Borneo . It consists of the Malaysian states of Sabah , Sarawak , and the Federal Territory of Labuan . It lies to the east of Peninsular Malaysia ( West Malaysia ), which is located on the Malay Peninsula . The two are separated by the South China ___MASK47___ . While East Malaysia is less populated and less developed than West Malaysia , its land mass is larger and it has notably more natural resources , chiefly oil and gas reserves . Brunei , officially the Nation of Brunei , the Abode of Peace ( Jawi : ), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia . Apart from its coastline with the South China ___MASK47___ , the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak , Malaysia . It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang . Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo ; the remainder of the island ' s territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia . Brunei ' s population was 408 , 786 in July 2012 .