inception autonomous region of bougainville
The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co - operation . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the organization was established on ___MASK65___ October ___MASK19___ after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan , New York City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . Papua New Guinea ( PNG Hiri Motu : " Papua Niu Gini "), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea , is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia , a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia . Its capital , located along its southeastern coast , is Port Moresby . The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua . Bougainville Island is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea . This region is also known as Bougainville Province or the North Solomons . Its land area is ___MASK24___ , 300 km . The population of the province is 175 , 160 ( ___MASK16___ census ), which includes the adjacent island of Buka and assorted outlying islands including the Carterets . Mount Balbi at 2 , 700 m is the highest point . Although Bougainville Island is geographically part of the Solomon Islands archipelago , it is not a part of the state of Solomon Islands . A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population . It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population . The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses ; other common censuses include agriculture , business , and traffic censuses . The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as " individual enumeration , universality within a defined territory , simultaneity and defined periodicity ", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ___MASK82___ years . United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected , official definitions , classifications and other useful information to co - ordinate international practice . The Autonomous Region of Bougainville , previously known as the North Solomons Province , is an autonomous region in Papua New Guinea . The largest island is Bougainville Island ( also the largest of the Solomon Islands archipelago ) , and the province also includes Buka Island and assorted outlying nearby islands including the Carterets . The capital is temporarily Buka , though it is expected that Arawa will be the permanent provincial capital . The population of the province is 249 , 358 ( ___MASK39___ census ) . Bougainville Island is ecologically and geographically part of the Solomon Islands archipelago but is not politically part of the nation of Solomon Islands . Buka , Bougainville , and most of the Solomons are part of the Solomon Islands rain forests ecoregion . The Northern Solomons were the more northerly group of islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago over which Germany declared a protectorate in ___MASK77___ . Initially the German Solomon Islands Protectorate included Choiseul , Santa Isabel , the Shortlands and Ontong Java Islands , but in 1900 these islands were transferred to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate . The largest of the Solomon Islands , Bougainville , continued under German administration until World War I when it fell to Australia , and after the war , it formally passed to Australian jurisdiction under a League of Nations mandate . Today , the original North Solomon Islands are split between the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea and the successor state of the British Solomon Islands which was officially renamed from " the British Solomon Islands Protectorate " to " Solomon Islands " in ___MASK95___ prior to becoming an independent , sovereign state in ___MASK46___ . Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , Indonesia is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over ___MASK38___ million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over ___MASK66___ smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country ' s capital , Honiara , is located on the island of Guadalcanal . The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago , which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands ( part of Papua New Guinea ), but excludes outlying islands , such as Rennell and Bellona , and the Santa Cruz Islands . Guadalcanal ( indigenous name : " Isatabu ") is the principal island in Guadalcanal Province of the nation of Solomon Islands in the south - western Pacific , northeast of Australia . Its European discovery was under the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in ___MASK75___ . The name comes from Guadalcanal , a village in the province of Seville , in Andalusia , Spain , birthplace of Pedro de Ortega Valencia , a member of Mendaña ' s expedition . The Santa Cruz Islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean , part of Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands . They lie approximately ___MASK3___ miles ( ___MASK56___ km ) to the southeast of the Solomon Islands Chain . The Santa Cruz Islands lie just north of the archipelago of Vanuatu , and are considered part of the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion . In ___MASK16___ it had a population of 254 , 158 . it had a population of 364 , 145 , giving it an annual growth rate of 2 . 1 % over a nine - year period . The place where the city was founded has been inhabited by the Motu - Koitabu people for centuries . The first European to see it was Captain John Moresby in 1873 . It was named in honour of his father , Admiral Sir Fairfax Moresby .