is_a_list_of list of compositions by dmitri shostakovich
In classical ___MASK19___ , a piano quintet is a work of chamber ___MASK19___ written for piano and four other instruments . The ___MASK61___ particularly flourished in the nineteenth century . ___MASK4___ ( English plural : " operas "; Italian plural : " opere " ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and musical score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional ___MASK4___ , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . ___MASK4___ incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an ___MASK4___ house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (; 9 August 1975 ) was a Russian pianist and ___MASK17___ of the Soviet period , he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century . Shostakovich achieved fame in the Soviet Union under the patronage of Soviet chief of staff Mikhail Tukhachevsky , but later had a complex and difficult relationship with the government . Nevertheless , he received accolades and ___MASK85___ awards and served in the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR ( 1947  1962 ) and the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union ( from 1962 until his death ). A polystylist , Shostakovich developed a hybrid voice , combining a variety of different ___MASK26___ techniques into his works . His music is characterized by sharp contrasts , elements of the grotesque , and ambivalent tonality ; the ___MASK17___ was also heavily influenced by the neo - classical style pioneered by Igor Stravinsky , and ( especially in his symphonies ) by the post - Romanticism associated with Gustav Mahler . Shostakovich ' s orchestral works include 15 symphonies and six concerti . His chamber output includes 15 string quartets , a piano quintet , two piano trios , and two pieces for string octet . His solo piano works include two sonatas , an early set of preludes , and a later set of 24 preludes and fugues . Other works include three operas , several song cycles , ballets , and a substantial quantity of film music ; especially well known is " The Second Waltz ", Op . 99 , music to the film "" ( 1955  1956 ), as well as the suites of music composed for " The Gadfly ". Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th ___MASK92___ and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia . It has since become a widespread , highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology . It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres . Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training . Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world , which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art . A piano trio is a group of piano and two other instruments , usually a violin and a cello , or a piece of ___MASK19___ written for such a group . It is one of the most common forms found in classical chamber ___MASK19___ . The term can also refer to a group of musicians who regularly play this repertoire together ; for a number of well - known piano trios , see below . A string quartet is a ___MASK26___ ensemble of four string players  two violin players , a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group . The string quartet is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music , with most major composers , from the mid to late 18th century onwards , writing string quartets . Tonality is a ___MASK26___ system that arranges pitches or chords to induce a hierarchy of perceived relations , stabilities , and attractions . In this hierarchy , the individual pitch or triadic chord with the greatest stability is called the tonic . The root of the tonic chord is considered to be the key of a piece or song . Thus a piece in which the tonic chord is C major is said to be " in the key of C ". Simple folk music songs often start and end with the tonic note . The most common use of the term ..." is to designate the arrangement of ___MASK26___ phenomena around a referential tonic in European music from about 1600 to about 1910 " . Contemporary classical music from 1910 to the 2000s may practice or avoid any sort of tonality  but harmony in almost all Western popular music remains tonal . Harmony in jazz music includes many , if not all , tonal characteristics , while having different properties from common practice classical music . A ___MASK17___ ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a ___MASK99___ who creates or writes music , which can be vocal music ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental music ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or music which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., ___MASK4___ or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation ( e . g ., sheet music scores ). A pianist is an individual ___MASK27___ who plays the piano . Most forms of Western ___MASK19___ can make use of the piano . Consequently , pianists have a wide variety of repertoire and styles to choose from , including traditionally classical ___MASK19___ , Jazz , blues and all sorts of popular ___MASK19___ , including rock ___MASK19___ . Most pianists can , to a certain extent , play other keyboard - related instruments such as the synthesizer , harpsichord , celesta and the organ and keyboard . Perhaps the greatest pianist of all time was Franz Liszt , whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein : " In comparison with Liszt , all other pianists are children ". Since at least the 18th ___MASK92___ ( in French and German as well as English ), grotesque ( or grottoesque ) has come to be used as a general adjective for the strange , fantastic , ugly , incongruous , unpleasant , or disgusting , and thus is often used to describe weird shapes and distorted forms such as Halloween masks . In art , performance , and literature , however , " grotesque " may also refer to something that simultaneously invokes in an audience a feeling of uncomfortable bizarreness as well as sympathetic pity . More specifically , the grotesque forms on Gothic buildings , when not used as drain - spouts , should not be called gargoyles , but rather referred to simply as grotesques , or chimeras . Sonata ( Italian : , pl . " sonate "; from Latin and Italian : " sonare ", " to sound "), in ___MASK19___ , literally means a piece " played " as opposed to a ___MASK11___ ( Latin and Italian " cantare ", " to sing "), a piece " sung ". The term evolved through the history of ___MASK19___ , designating a variety of forms until the Classical era , when it took on increasing importance , and is vague . By the early 19th century , it came to represent a principle of composing large - scale works . It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded  alongside the fugue  as one of two fundamental methods of organizing , interpreting and analyzing concert ___MASK19___ . Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era , most 20th - and 21st - century sonatas still maintain the same structure . The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (" Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR ") was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments . It elected the Presidium serving as the collective ___MASK48___ of the Soviet Union , formed the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Court , and appointed the Procurator General of the Soviet Union . Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky ( sometimes spelled " Strawinski ", " Strawinsky ", or " Stravinskii " 6 April 1971 ) was a Russian - born ___MASK17___ , pianist , and conductor . He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century . Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (  June 12 , 1937 ) was a leading Soviet military leader and theoretician from 1918 to 1937 . He commanded the Soviet Western Front in the Russo - Polish ___MASK84___ of 1920  21 and served as chief of staff of the Red Army from 1925 through 1928 , as assistant in the ___MASK40___ ' s Commissariat of Defense after 1934 and as commander of the Volga Military District in 1937 . He contributed to the modernization of Soviet armament and army force structure in the 1920s and 1930s and became instrumental in the development of aviation , mechanized , and airborne forces . As a theoretician , he was a driving force behind Soviet development of the theory of deep operations . The Soviet authorities accused him of treason and had him shot during the military purges of 1937  38 , but rehabilitated his reputation in the 1960s . The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR " ) was a socialist ___MASK85___ in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A union of multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The Soviet Union was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its ___MASK69___ . In ___MASK19___ , a fugue is a contrapuntal compositional technique in two or more voices , built on a subject ( a ___MASK26___ theme ) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation ( repetition at different pitches ) and which recurs frequently in the course of the composition . A fugue usually has three sections : an exposition , a development , and a final entry that contains the return of the subject in the fugue ' s tonic key . Some fugues have a recapitulation . In the Middle Ages , the term was widely used to denote any works in canonic style ; by the Renaissance , it had come to denote specifically imitative works . Since the 17th century , the term " fugue " has described what is commonly regarded as the most fully developed procedure of imitative counterpoint . This is a list of compositions by Dmitri Shostakovich . A ___MASK52___ cycle is a group , or cycle , of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit . Gustav Mahler ( 7 July 1860 , Kališt in Bohemia , now Czech Republic  18 May 1911 , Vienna in Austria - Hungary ) was an Austrian late - Romantic ___MASK17___ , and one of the leading conductors of his generation . As a ___MASK17___ he acted as a ___MASK55___ between the 19th century Austro - German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century . While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond ___MASK86___ , his own ___MASK19___ gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era . After 1945 his compositions were rediscovered and championed by a new generation of listeners ; Mahler then became one of the most frequently performed and recorded of all composers , a position he has sustained into the 21st century . In ___MASK19___ , a quartet or quartette (, , ) is an ensemble of four singers or instrumental performers ; or a ___MASK74___ for four voices or instruments .