place_of_birth askar aitmatov
A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form ___MASK1___ a peak . A mountain is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface ___MASK1___ the earth . Mountains erode slowly through the action ___MASK1___ rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge mountain ranges . The Soviet ___MASK60___ , officially the ___MASK60___ ___MASK1___ Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A union ___MASK1___ multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The Soviet ___MASK60___ was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . ___MASK22___ , officially the Republic ___MASK1___ ___MASK22___ , is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia . It is a unitary , constitutional , presidential republic , comprising twelve provinces , one autonomous republic and a capital city . ___MASK22___ is bordered by five landlocked countries : ___MASK12___ to the north ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest . ___MASK62___ or Middle Asia is the core region ___MASK1___ the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to ___MASK59___ in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north . It is also colloquially referred to as " the ' stans " ( as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "- stan ", meaning " land ___MASK1___ ") and is within the scope ___MASK1___ the wider Eurasian continent . A foreign minister or minister ___MASK1___ foreign affairs ( less commonly " for foreign affairs ") is generally a cabinet minister in charge ___MASK1___ a state ' s foreign policy and relations . ___MASK90___ ( or ) is the capital and ___MASK35___ populous city ___MASK1___ Russia , with 12 . 2 million residents within the city limits and 16 . 8 million within the urban area . ___MASK90___ has the status ___MASK1___ a Russian federal city . ___MASK12___ ( " Qazaqstan ", " ___MASK12___ "), officially the Republic of ___MASK12___ (" Qazaqstan Respwblïkas " " Respublika ___MASK12___ "), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . ___MASK12___ is the world ' s largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of . ___MASK12___ is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region ' s GDP , primarily through its oil / gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . ___MASK81___ (; " ___MASK81___ "), officially the Kyrgyz Republic (" Krgz Respublikas "; " Kyrgyzskaya Respublika "), formerly known as Kirghizia , is a country in Central Asia . Landlocked and mountainous , ___MASK81___ is bordered by ___MASK12___ to the north , Uzbekistan to the west and southwest , Tajikistan to the southwest and ___MASK59___ to the east . Its capital and largest city is ___MASK94___ . Chyngyz Aitmatov (" Çñz Aytmatov ",   " Chingiz Torekulovich Aytmatov ") ( 12 December 1928  10 June 2008 ) was a Soviet and Kyrgyz author who wrote in both Russian and Kyrgyz . He is the ___MASK97___ known figure in ___MASK81___ ' s literature . The Kazakhs ( also spelled Kazaks , Qazaqs , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian ) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part ___MASK1___ Eastern Europe Ural mountains and northern parts ___MASK1___ Central Asia ( largely ___MASK12___ , but also found in parts ___MASK1___ Uzbekistan , ___MASK59___ , Russia and Mongolia ), the region also known as Eurasian sub - continent . Kazakh identity is ___MASK1___ medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation ___MASK1___ the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465 , when several tribes under the rule ___MASK1___ the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate ___MASK1___ Abu ' l - Khayr Khan . ___MASK94___ ( and ] respectively ), formerly Pishpek and Frunze , is the capital and largest city of the Kyrgyz Republic . ___MASK94___ is also the administrative center of the Chuy Region . The province surrounds the city , although the city itself is not part of the province , but rather a province - level unit of Kyrgyzstan . Eurasia is the combined continental landmass ___MASK1___ Europe and Asia . The term is a portmanteau ___MASK1___ its constituent continents . Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres , it is bordered by the ___MASK17___ to the west , the Pacific Ocean to the east , the Arctic Ocean to the north , and by Africa , the Mediterranean Sea , and the Indian Ocean to the south . The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct , with no clear physical separation between them ; thus , in some parts ___MASK1___ the world , Eurasia is recognized as the largest ___MASK1___ five or six continents . In geology , Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock . However , the rigidity ___MASK1___ Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data . Askar Chingizovich Aitmatov ( born January 5 , 1959 , in Frunze , Kirghiz SSR , Soviet ___MASK60___ ) served as Foreign Minister in the Government ___MASK1___ Kyrgyzstan from June 2002 to March 2005 . He was dismissed immediately after the Tulip Revolution . He is the son ___MASK1___ the late Kyrgyz writer Chinghiz Aitmatov . ___MASK28___ (, or ), officially the Republic ___MASK1___ ___MASK28___ (" Çumhuriji Toçikiston "), is a mountainous , landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013 , and an area ___MASK1___ . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kyrgyzstan to the north , and ___MASK59___ to the east . Pakistan lies to the south , separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor . Traditional homelands ___MASK1___ Tajik people included present - day ___MASK28___ , Afghanistan and Uzbekistan . ___MASK59___ , officially the People ' s Republic of ___MASK59___ ( PRC ), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over 1 . 381 billion , it is the world ' s most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of ___MASK59___ , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct - controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ), and two mostly self - governing special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau ), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country ' s major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and Hong Kong . ___MASK59___ is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower .