subclass_of mandolute
The mandocello is a ___MASK58___ of the mandolin family . It has eight strings in four paired courses , tuned in fifths like a mandolin , but is larger , and tuned CC - GG - dd - aa ( low to high in pitch ). It can be described as being to the mandolin what the cello is to the violin . Middle Eastern ___MASK12___ spans across a vast region , from Morocco to Iran . The various nations of the region include the ___MASK78___ - speaking countries of the Middle East and North Africa , the Iraqi traditions of Mesopotamia , Iranian traditions of Persia , the Hebrew ___MASK12___ of Israel , ___MASK81___ ___MASK12___ , the varied traditions of Cypriot ___MASK12___ , the ___MASK12___ of Turkey , traditional Assyrian ___MASK12___ , Berbers of North Africa , and Coptic Christians in Egypt all maintain their own traditions . It is widely regarded that some Middle Eastern ___MASK83___ styles have influenced India , as well as Central Asia , Spain , and the Balkans . A Mandolute is a North African instrument derived from the more traditional Oud . It is a fretted ___MASK4___ unlike the oud , sometimes called a mandoluth ( French ) or mondol ( Morocco , Algeria ) . It is slightly bigger than the mandola . It combines a traditional oud string format with five courses ( pairs ) of metal strings , resulting in an instrument similar to a mandocello or flat - backed liuto cantabile . Introduction . The liuto cantabile , also termed a liuto moderno , is an uncommon ten - stringed mandocello . This ___MASK37___ variant of the mandolin ___MASK23___ was developed by the Neapolitan luthiers of the Vinaccia ___MASK23___ in the late 19th century and perfected by Raffaele Calace . The ___MASK86___ of a modern Calace - manufactured liuto cantabile is 61 cm ( 24 "). The cello (; ___MASK61___ cellos or celli ) or violoncello is a ___MASK49___ with four strings tuned in perfect fifths . The strings from low to high are generally tuned to ___MASK76___ , G , D and A , an ___MASK22___ lower than the viola . It is a ___MASK100___ of the violin ___MASK23___ of ___MASK83___ instruments , which also includes the violin and viola . The ___MASK89___ is a wooden string instrument in the ___MASK89___ family . It is the smallest and highest - pitched instrument in the family in regular use . Smaller ___MASK89___ - type instruments are known , including the violino piccolo and the kit ___MASK89___ , but these are virtually unused in the 2010s . The ___MASK89___ typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths , and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings , though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers ( pizzicato ). Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of ___MASK83___ genres . They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music . They are also frequently used in genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music and in jazz . Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music ; further , the ___MASK89___ has come to be played in many non - Western music cultures , including Indian music and Iranian music . The ___MASK89___ is sometimes informally called a fiddle , particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass , but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it . Raffaele Calace ( 1863  1934 ) was an Italian mandolin ___MASK79___ , composer , and luthier . A mandolin (; literally " small mandola ") is a ___MASK83___ instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or " pick ". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison ( 8 strings ), although five ( 10 strings ) and six ( 12 strings ) ___MASK52___ versions also exist . The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths . It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola , octave mandolin , mandocello and mandobass . Plucked string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by plucking the strings . Plucking is a way of pulling and releasing the string in such a way as to give it an impulse that causes the string to vibrate . Plucking can be done with either a ___MASK39___ or a plectrum . The viola is a bowed and ___MASK58___ . It is slightly larger than a violin and has a lower and deeper sound than a violin . Since the 18th century it has been the middle or alto voice of the violin family , between the violin ( which is tuned a perfect fifth above it ) and the cello ( which is tuned an octave below it ). The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C , G , D , and A . The PHP Extension and ___MASK16___ Repository , or PEAR , is a repository of PHP software code . Stig S . Bakken founded the PEAR project in 1999 to promote the re - use of code that performs common functions . The project seeks to provide a structured library of code , maintain a system for distributing code and for managing code packages , and promote a standard coding style . Though community - driven , the PEAR project has a PEAR Group which serves as the governing body and takes care of administrative tasks . Each PEAR code package comprises an independent project under the PEAR umbrella . It has its own development team , versioning - control and documentation . ___MASK50___ can refer generally to any ___MASK4___ having the strings running in a plane parallel to the ___MASK17___ ___MASK62___ ( in the Hornbostel  Sachs system ), more specifically to any ___MASK58___ with a neck ( either fretted or unfretted ) and a deep round back , or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes . The mandola ( US and Canada ) or ___MASK36___ mandola ( Ireland and UK ) is a fretted , stringed ___MASK83___ instrument . It is to the mandolin what the viola is to the violin : the four double courses of strings tuned in fifths to the same pitches as the viola ( C - G - D - A low - to - high ), a fifth lower than a mandolin . The mandola , although now rarer , is the ancestor of the mandolin , the name of which means simply " little mandola ". The oud (()) is a short - neck ___MASK50___ - type , pear - shaped stringed instrument ( a ___MASK93___ in the Hornbostel - Sachs classification of instruments ) with today 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses , commonly used in Persian , Arabian , Greek , Turkish , Jewish , Byzantine , Azerbaijani , ___MASK81___ , North African ( Chaabi , Classical , and Spanish Andalusian ), Somali and Middle Eastern music .