conflict arthur greiser
Early career . Ernst Röhm was born in Munich , the youngest of three children ( older sister and brother ) of and . His father , a railway official , was described as a " harsh man ". Although the family had no military tradition , Röhm entered the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment ' at as a cadet on 23 July 1906 and was commissioned on 12 March 1908 . At the outbreak of ___MASK3___ in August 1914 , he was adjutant of the 1st Battalion , 10th Infantry Regiment '. The following month , he was seriously wounded in the face at Wood in Lorraine and carried the scars for the rest of his life . He was promoted to first lieutenant (') in April 1915 . During an attack on the fortification at , on 23 June 1916 , he sustained a serious chest wound and spent the remainder of the war in France and Romania as a staff officer . He had been awarded the Iron Cross First Class on 20 June 1916 , three days before being wounded at , and was promoted to ___MASK38___ (') in April 1917 . In October 1918 , while serving on the Staff of the ", he contracted the deadly Spanish influenza and was not expected to live , but survived and recovered after a lengthy convalescence . The Nuremberg trials ( German : " die Nürnberger Prozesse ") were a series of military tribunals , held by the Allied forces after ___MASK8___ II , which were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political , military , judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany who planned , carried out , or otherwise participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes . The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg , Germany , and its decisions marked a turning point between classical international law and contemporary international law . Creation and history . The rank of " Obergruppenführer " was created in 1932 by Ernst Röhm and was intended as a senior most rank of the Nazi stormtroopers for use by and his top SA generals . In its initial concept , the rank was intended to be held by members of the " Oberste SA - Führung " ( Supreme SA Command ) and also by veteran commanders of certain " SA - Gruppen " ( SA groups ). Some of the early promotions to the rank included Ernst Röhm , Viktor Lutze , Edmund Heines , August Schneidhüber , and Fritz Ritter von Krausser . Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population or an identifiable part of a population . The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place at the Nuremberg trials . Crimes against humanity have since been prosecuted by other international courts  such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court , as well as in domestic prosecutions . The law of crimes against humanity has primarily developed through the evolution of customary international law . Crimes against humanity are not codified in an international convention , although there is currently an international effort to establish such a treaty , led by the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative . Arthur Karl Greiser ( 22 January 1897 -- 21 July 1946 ) was a Nazi German politician , SS - Obergruppenführer and Reichsstatthalter ( Reich Governor ) of the German - occupied territory of Wartheland . He was one of the persons primarily responsible for organizing the Holocaust in Poland and numerous other crimes against humanity . Arrested by the Americans in 1945 , he was tried , convicted and executed by hanging in Poland in 1946 . Pozna ( known also by other historical names ) is a city on the Warta river in west - central Poland , in the Greater Poland region . It is best known for its renaissance Old Town , destroyed during ___MASK8___ II and then rebuilt , and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral . Today , Pozna is an important cultural and business centre and one of Poland ' s most populous regions with many regional customs such as Jarmark witojaski , traditional Saint Martin ' s croissants and a local dialect . Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic Sea , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . Wrocaw (, ; ) is the largest city in western Poland . It is on the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe , roughly 350 kilometres ( 220 mi ) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south . Wrocaw is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia . Today , it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . At various times in history , it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland , Bohemia , Hungary , the Austrian Empire , Prussia and Germany . It became part of Poland in 1945 , as a result of the border changes after the Second ___MASK8___ . The population of Wrocaw in 2016 was 637 , 075 making it the fourth - largest city in Poland and the main city of Wrocaw agglomeration .