located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity international institute for applied systems analysis
Organization ___MASK48___ the Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC , , or OPEP in several other languages ) is an intergovernmental organization ___MASK48___ 13 nations , founded in 1960 in ___MASK7___ by the first five members ( Iran , ___MASK15___ , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Venezuela ), and headquartered since 1965 in ___MASK58___ . As ___MASK48___ 2015 , the 13 countries accounted for an estimated 42 percent ___MASK48___ global oil production and 73 percent ___MASK48___ the world ' s " proven " oil reserves , giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by American - dominated multinational oil companies . The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ( IIASA ) is an international research organization located in ___MASK39___ , near ___MASK58___ , in Austria . IIASA conducts interdisciplinary scientific studies on environmental , economic , technological and social issues in the context of human dimensions of global change . IIASA ' s mission is `` to provide insights and guidance to policymakers worldwide by finding solutions to global and universal problems through applied systems analysis in order to improve human and social wellbeing and to protect the environment . '' The ___MASK56___ ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . A " metropolitan area ", sometimes referred to as a " metro area " or just " metro ", is a region consisting ___MASK48___ a densely populated urban core and its less - populated surrounding territories , sharing industry , infrastructure , and housing . A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities : neighborhoods , townships , boroughs , cities , towns , exurbs , suburbs , counties , districts , states , and even nations like the eurodistricts . As social , economic and political institutions have changed , metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions . Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas , as well as satellite cities , towns and intervening rural areas that are socio - economically tied to the urban core , typically measured by commuting patterns . ___MASK13___ (; ) is the northeasternmost state of the nine states in Austria . The capital of ___MASK13___ since 1986 is Sankt Pölten , the most recently designated capital town in Austria . The capital of ___MASK13___ had formerly been Vienna , even though Vienna has not officially been part of ___MASK13___ since 1921 . With a land area of and a population of 1 . 612 million people , it is the largest state in Austria , and in terms of population second only to the federal state of Vienna . World War I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First World War , or the Great War , was a global war originating in ___MASK63___ that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . ___MASK61___ is a federal republic made up ___MASK48___ nine states , known in German as Länder ( singular Land ). Since " Land " is also the German word for " country ", the term Bundesländer (" federation states "; singular Bundesland ) is often used instead to avoid ambiguity . The Constitution ___MASK48___ ___MASK61___ uses both terms . In English , the term "( Bundes ) land " is commonly rendered as " state " or " province ". Global change refers to planetary - scale changes in the ___MASK84___ system . The system consists ___MASK48___ the land , oceans , atmosphere , polar regions , life , the planet  s natural cycles and deep ___MASK84___ processes . These constituent parts influence one another . The ___MASK84___ system now includes human society , so global change also refers to large - scale changes in society . ___MASK11___ is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , ___MASK27___ to the south , ___MASK68___ to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , ___MASK11___ is a medium - sized member state of the ___MASK56___ . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world . ___MASK11___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as an Alpha - global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Gyr . The ___MASK75___ , also known by the short name Czechia , is a nation state in Central ___MASK63___ bordered by ___MASK26___ to the west , Austria to the south , Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast . The ___MASK75___ covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10 . 5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1 . 2 million residents . The ___MASK75___ includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . ___MASK55___ ( or also known by ) is the capital ___MASK48___ ___MASK47___ , and with a population ___MASK48___ about 450 , 000 , the country ' s largest city . The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650 , 000 people . ___MASK55___ is in southwestern ___MASK47___ , occupying both ___MASK67___ ___MASK48___ the River Danube and the left bank ___MASK48___ the River Morava . Bordering Austria and ___MASK11___ , it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states . The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co - operation . A replacement for the ineffective League ___MASK48___ Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters ___MASK48___ the United Nations is in ___MASK87___ , ___MASK89___ City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and ___MASK58___ . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases ___MASK48___ famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes , such as signaling and self - sustaining processes , from those that do not , either because such functions have ceased , or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate . Various forms ___MASK48___ life exist , such as plants , animals , fungi , protists , archaea , and bacteria . The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses , viroids , or potential artificial life as " living ". Biology is the primary science concerned with the study ___MASK48___ life , although many other sciences are involved . ___MASK3___ is the capital and the largest city ___MASK48___ ___MASK26___ as well as one ___MASK48___ its constituent 16 states . With a population ___MASK48___ approximately 3 . 5 million people , ___MASK3___ is the second ___MASK76___ populous city proper and the seventh ___MASK76___ populous urban area in the ___MASK56___ . Located in northeastern ___MASK26___ on the banks ___MASK48___ rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre ___MASK48___ the ___MASK3___ - Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , ___MASK3___ is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one - third ___MASK48___ the city ' s area is composed ___MASK48___ forests , parks , gardens , rivers and ___MASK74___ . ___MASK84___ , otherwise known as the world , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest ___MASK48___ the four terrestrial planets . ___MASK58___ is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . ___MASK58___ is Austria ' s primary city , with a population of about 1 . 8 million ( 2 . 6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria ' s population ), and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th - largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German - speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro - Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . ___MASK58___ is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , ___MASK58___ forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . ___MASK39___ is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of ___MASK13___ , near Vienna . ___MASK47___ , officially the Slovak Republic , is a landlocked country in Central ___MASK63___ . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the ___MASK98___ , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the ___MASK94___ and ___MASK11___ to the south . ___MASK47___ ' s territory spans about and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak , a member of the Slavic language family . Centrope is an Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in the ___MASK5___ ___MASK63___ encompassing four European countries : Slovakia , Austria , ___MASK11___ and Czech Republic . International Organization is a quarterly peer - reviewed academic journal that covers the entire field ___MASK48___ international affairs . It was established in 1947 and is published by ___MASK59___ ___MASK50___ Press on behalf ___MASK48___ the International Organization Foundation . The editor - in - chief is Jon Pevehouse ( ___MASK50___ ___MASK48___ ___MASK65___  Madison ). An atmosphere is a layer ___MASK48___ gases surrounding a planet or other material body , that is held in place by the gravity ___MASK48___ that body . An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to is high and the temperature ___MASK48___ the atmosphere is low .