instance_of the cables
Alton Nehemiah Ellis OD ( ___MASK15___ September 1938  10 October 2008 ) was a Jamaican singer - songwriter . One of the innovators of rocksteady who was given the informal title " Godfather of Rocksteady ". In 2006 , he was inducted into the International Reggae And World Music Awards ___MASK86___ Of Fame . The Cables are a Jamaican rocksteady / ___MASK11___ vocal ___MASK28___ led by Keble Drummond , who recorded for Studio One in the late 1960s . Jamaica is an ___MASK48___ country situated in the Caribbean ___MASK22___ , consisting of the third - largest ___MASK48___ of the Greater Antilles . The ___MASK48___ , in area , lies about south of Cuba , and west of Hispaniola ( the ___MASK48___ containing the nation - states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ). Jamaica is the fourth - largest ___MASK48___ country in the Caribbean , by area . Rocksteady is a ___MASK93___ ___MASK36___ that originated in Jamaica around 1966 . A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae , rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads , The Maytals , The Heptones and The Paragons . The term " rocksteady " comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis ___MASK26___ " Rock Steady ". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ska dances . The first international rocksteady hit was " Hold Me Tight " ( 1968 ) by the American soul singer Johnny Nash ; it reached number one in Canada . John Lester " Johnny " Nash , Jr . ( born ___MASK94___ 19 , 1940 ) is an American rocksteady singer - songwriter , best known in the US for his 1972 hit , " I Can See Clearly Now ". He was also one of the first non - Jamaican singers to record reggae music in Kingston , Jamaica . Antoine " Fats " Domino , Jr . ( born ___MASK81___ 26 , 1928 ) is an American pianist and singer - songwriter of French Creole ___MASK39___ . Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records , and he had 35 records in the U . S . Top 40 . His ___MASK41___ style is based on traditional rhythm and blues , accompanied by saxophones , bass , piano , electric guitar , and drums . The Paragons were a ska and rocksteady vocal ___MASK24___ from Kingston , Jamaica , initially active in the 1960s . Their most famous ___MASK85___ was " The Tide Is High ", written by ___MASK89___ member John Holt . Mento is a ___MASK16___ of Jamaican folk ___MASK93___ that predates and has greatly influenced ska and ___MASK11___ ___MASK93___ . Mento typically features acoustic instruments , such as acoustic guitar , banjo , hand drums , and the rhumba ___MASK87___  a large mbira in the shape of a ___MASK87___ that can be sat on while played . The rhumba ___MASK87___ carries the bass part of the ___MASK93___ . Toots and the Maytals , originally called The Maytals , are a Jamaican ___MASK41___ group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups . The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music . Frontman Toots Hibbert ' s soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding , and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by " Rolling Stone ". Their 1968 single " Do the Reggay ", was the first song to first use the word " reggae ", naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience . As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says ,  The Maytals were unlike anything else ... sensational , raw and dynamic . The Gaylads are a Jamaican vocal ___MASK24___ . They were one of the top rocksteady vocal groups active in Jamaica between 1963 and 1973 . Ska ( Jamaican ) is a ___MASK93___ ___MASK36___ that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae . Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues . It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off - beat . Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster , Clement " Coxsone " Dodd , and ___MASK20___ Reid formed sound systems to ___MASK37___ American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs . Some suggest ska dates to earlier times , however . In the early 1960s , ska was the dominant ___MASK93___ ___MASK36___ of Jamaica and was popular with British mods . Later it became popular with many skinheads . " Do the Reggay " is a ___MASK11___ ___MASK26___ by The Maytals . Written by Toots Hibbert , produced by Leslie Kong and released on Beverly ' s Records in Jamaica and Pyramid Records in the UK in 1968 . " Do the Reggay " was the first popular ___MASK26___ to use the word " ___MASK11___ " and defined the developing genre by giving it its name . At that ___MASK45___ , " reggay " had been the name of a passing dance fashion in Jamaica , but the ___MASK26___ ' s connection of the word with the music itself led to its use for the style of music that developed from it . A ___MASK93___ ___MASK36___ is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of ___MASK93___ as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions . It is to be distinguished from " ___MASK41___ form " and " ___MASK41___ style ", although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably . Recently , academics have argued that categorizing ___MASK93___ by ___MASK36___ is inaccurate and outdated . Rhythm and blues , often abbreviated as R & B or RnB , is a ___MASK36___ of popular African - American music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a ___MASK45___ when " urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat " was becoming more popular . In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . R & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African - American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and ___MASK96___ . ___MASK11___ is a music ___MASK36___ that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s . The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora . A 1968 ___MASK6___ by Toots and the Maytals " Do the Reggay " was the first popular song to use the word " reggae ," effectively naming the ___MASK36___ and introducing it to a global audience . While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music , the term " reggae " more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues , especially the New Orleans R & B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint , and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady . ___MASK11___ usually relates news , social gossip , and political comment . ___MASK11___ spread into a commercialized jazz field , being known first as  Rudie Blues , then  Ska , later  Blue Beat , and  Rock Steady . It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat , and the offbeat rhythm section . The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady ; from the latter , reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument . Allen Toussaint ( ___MASK80___ 14 , 1938  ___MASK12___ 10 , 2015 ) was an American ___MASK84___ , songwriter , arranger and record producer , who was an influential figure in New Orleans R & B from the 1950s to the end of the century , described as " one of popular music  s great backroom figures ." Many musicians recorded Toussaint ' s compositions , including " Java ", " Mother - in - Law ", " I Like It Like That ", " Fortune Teller ", " Ride Your Pony ", " Get Out of My Life , Woman ", " Working in the Coal Mine ", " Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky ", " Here Come the Girls ", " Yes We Can Can ", " ___MASK37___ Something Sweet ", and " Southern Nights ". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings , among the best known of which are " Right Place , Wrong Time ", by his longtime friend Dr . John (" Mac " Rebennack ), and " Lady Marmalade ", by Labelle . Jazz is a ___MASK93___ ___MASK36___ that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz ___MASK27___ , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American ___MASK93___ traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military ___MASK89___ ___MASK93___ . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". The Heptones are a Jamaican rocksteady and ___MASK11___ vocal ___MASK28___ most active in the 1960s and early 1970s . They were one of the more significant trios of that era , and played a major role in the gradual transition between ska and rocksteady into ___MASK11___ with their three - part harmonies . The Heptones were contemporaries of the Wailers and the Maytals , and every bit their equal in the mid - 60 ' s .