place_of_birth sheshi
___MASK20___ ('; ), officially the ___MASK68___ of ___MASK20___ (') is the northernmost country in Africa , covering . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is the northernmost point on the African continent . It is bordered by ___MASK72___ to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . ___MASK20___ ' s population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014 . ___MASK20___ ' s name is derived from its capital city , Tunis , which is located on ___MASK20___ ' s northeast coast . Arabization or Arabisation ("") describes either the conquest ___MASK41___ a non - Arab area and the migration ___MASK41___ Arab settlers into the new domain or a growing Arab influence on non - Arab populations , causing their gradual adoption ___MASK41___ the Arabic language and / or their incorporation ___MASK41___ Arab culture and Arab identity . The religion ___MASK41___ Islam and the associated Islamist ( government and society ordered in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam ) socio - political order , with their central Quran text written in Arabic language and tailored for Arab culture , had a central role in Arabization , which usually went hand in hand with Islamization ___MASK41___ conquered lands . Generally , elements ___MASK41___ Arabian origin were combined in various forms with elements from conquered civilizations and ultimately denominated " Arab ". Arabization also continued in modern times , ___MASK15___ prominently being enforced by the Arab nationalist regimes ___MASK41___ ___MASK92___ , ___MASK11___ , Sudan , Mauritania , Algeria and Libya with policies which include expanding colonial Arab settlements , expulsion ___MASK41___ non - Arab minorities and enforcement ___MASK41___ Arab identity and culture upon non - Arab populations , in particular by means ___MASK41___ not permitting autochthonous mother tongues other than Arabic in education . The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights , citing local witnesses , also claims that the aggressive persecution ___MASK41___ non - Arab minorities by the terror group Islamic State ___MASK41___ ___MASK92___ and the Levant is forced Arabization . The Red Sea ( also the Erythraean Sea ) is a seawater inlet ___MASK41___ the Indian Ocean , lying between Africa and Asia . The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf ___MASK41___ ___MASK58___ . To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula , the Gulf ___MASK41___ Aqaba , and the Gulf ___MASK41___ Suez ( leading to the Suez Canal ). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion . The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part ___MASK41___ the Great Rift Valley . The ___MASK40___ (' ), or simply Gaza "', is a small self - governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea , that borders ___MASK60___ on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border . Gaza , together with the West Bank , comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of ___MASK54___ . The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory . Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority , but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas , a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006 . It has been placed under an Israeli and U . S .- led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards . Hebrew Bible or Hebrew Scriptures is the term used by biblical scholars to refer to the " Tanakh ", the canonical collection ___MASK41___ Jewish texts , which is the common textual source ___MASK41___ several canonical editions ___MASK41___ the Christian Old Testament . They are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew , with some passages in Biblical Aramaic ( in the books ___MASK41___ Daniel , Ezra and a few others ). ___MASK49___ ("") is a country in the Maghreb region ___MASK41___ ___MASK45___ , bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , ___MASK60___ to the east , Sudan to the southeast , Chad and Niger to the south , and Algeria and Tunisia to the west . The three traditional parts ___MASK41___ the country are Tripolitania , Fezzan and Cyrenaica . With an area ___MASK41___ almost , ___MASK49___ is the fourth largest country in Africa , and is the 16th largest country in the world . ___MASK49___ has the 10th - largest proven oil reserves ___MASK41___ any country in the world . ___MASK4___ ("") is both the capital and the largest city ___MASK41___ Tunisia . The greater metropolitan area ___MASK41___ ___MASK4___ , often referred to as " Grand ___MASK4___ ", has some 2 , 700 , 000 inhabitants . The Gulf ___MASK41___ Aqaba (" Khalij al - Aqabah ") or Gulf ___MASK41___ Eilat (" Mifrats Eilat ") is a large gulf at the northern tip ___MASK41___ the Red Sea , east ___MASK41___ the Sinai Peninsula and west ___MASK41___ the Arabian mainland . Its coastline is divided between four countries : ___MASK60___ , Israel , ___MASK3___ , and Saudi Arabia . Nubia is a region along the Nile river located in what is today northern ___MASK95___ and southern ___MASK60___ . It was one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa , with a history that can be traced from at least 2000 B . C . onward ( through Nubian monuments and artifacts , as well as written records from ___MASK60___ and Rome ), and was home to one of the African empires . There were a number of large Nubian kingdoms throughout the Postclassical Era , the last of which collapsed in 1504 , when Nubia became divided between ___MASK60___ and the Sennar sultanate , resulting in the Arabization of much of the Nubian population . Nubia was again united within Ottoman ___MASK60___ in the 19th century , and within the Kingdom of ___MASK60___ from 1899 to 1956 . Biblical Hebrew (" Ivrit Miqra ' it " or " Leshon ha - Miqra "), also called Classical Hebrew , is an archaic form ___MASK41___ Hebrew , a Canaanite Semitic language spoken by the Israelites in the area known as Israel , roughly west ___MASK41___ the ___MASK3___ River and east ___MASK41___ the Mediterranean Sea . The term " Hebrew " was not used for the language in the Bible , which was referred to as Canaanite or Judahite , but the name was used in Greek and Mishnaic Hebrew texts . Biblical Hebrew is attested from about the 10th century BCE , and persisted through and beyond the Second Temple period , which ended in the siege ___MASK41___ Jerusalem ( AD 70 ). ___MASK75___ ( Northwest Semitic : ""; Phoenician :  ; Biblical Hebrew / Masoretic : ["; n  an ]") was a Semitic - speaking region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC . In the Bible it corresponds to the Levant , in particular to the areas of the Southern Levant that provide the main setting of the narrative of the Hebrew Bible , i . e ., the area of Israel , Philistia , Phoenicia , and other nations . The 2nd millennium BC spans the years 2000 through 1000 BC . It ___MASK17___ the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age . ___MASK4___ Governorate ("" ) is the smallest and ___MASK15___ populated of the twenty - four governorates ( provinces ) of Tunisia . It covers an urban and suburban area on the Gulf of ___MASK4___ on the north - east coast covering and has a population of 1 , 056 , 247 ( 2014 census ) with some agriculture and amenity land including parts of national parks . Its capital is that of the country , ___MASK4___ . ___MASK44___ , officially known as the Kingdom ___MASK41___ ___MASK44___ ( KSA ), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk ___MASK41___ the ___MASK61___ . With a land area ___MASK41___ approximately , ___MASK44___ is geographically the fifth - largest state in Asia and second - largest state in the Arab world after ___MASK72___ . ___MASK44___ is bordered by ___MASK3___ and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain , and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast , and Yemen to the south . It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf ___MASK41___ Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast , and most ___MASK41___ its terrain consists ___MASK41___ arid desert or barren landforms . Asia is Earth ' s largest and ___MASK15___ populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass ___MASK41___ Eurasia with the continent ___MASK41___ Europe . Asia covers an area ___MASK41___ , about 30 % ___MASK41___ Earth ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % ___MASK41___ the Earth ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority ___MASK41___ the human population , was the site ___MASK41___ many ___MASK41___ the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent ___MASK41___ 4 . 4 billion people . ___MASK84___ , officially known as the State ___MASK41___ ___MASK84___ , is a country in the Middle East , on the southeastern shore ___MASK41___ the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore ___MASK41___ the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , ___MASK11___ to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories ___MASK41___ the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . ___MASK84___ ' s financial and technology center is Tel Aviv , while its seat ___MASK41___ government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state ' s sovereignty over the city ___MASK41___ Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized . The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half ___MASK41___ the Levant . It corresponds approximately to modern - day Israel , ___MASK54___ , and Jordan ; some definitions also include southern Lebanon , southern Syria and / or the Sinai Peninsula . As a strictly geographical description , it is sometimes used by archaeologists and historians to avoid the religious and political connotations ___MASK41___ other names for the area . ___MASK22___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - ___MASK15___ - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 ___MASK88___ recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . The Levant ( Arabic :  "") is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean . In its widest historical sense , the Levant included all ___MASK41___ the eastern Mediterranean with its islands , that is , it included all ___MASK41___ the countries along the Eastern Mediterranean shores , extending from Greece to Cyrenaica . The term " Levant " entered English in the late 15th century from French . It derives from the Italian " ___MASK42___ ", meaning " rising ", implying the rising ___MASK41___ the sun in the east . As such , it is broadly equivalent to the Arabic term " Mashriq ", meaning " the land where the sun rises ". ___MASK3___ ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of ___MASK3___ ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia , on the East Bank of the ___MASK3___ River . ___MASK3___ is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south , Iraq to the north - east , ___MASK11___ to the north , Israel , ___MASK54___ and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south - west . ___MASK3___ is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia , Africa and Europe . The capital , Amman , is ___MASK3___ ' s most populous city as well as the country ' s economic , political and cultural centre . African Empires was an umbrella term used in African studies to refer to a number ___MASK41___ historical states in Africa with multinatioal structures incorporating various populations and polities into a single entity , usually through conquest . Philistia (" Pleshet ") was , according to and , a Pentapolis in south - western Levant , comprising ___MASK14___ , ___MASK50___ , Ekron , Gath , and Gaza . The Philistines or Peleset were believed to be Indo - European speaking invaders to the region , arriving either from Crete and the Aegean or western ___MASK79___ during the Bronze Age Collapse . The Lake ___MASK41___ Tunis is a natural lagoon located between the Tunisian capital city ___MASK41___ Tunis and the Gulf ___MASK41___ Tunis ( Mediterranean Sea ). The lake covers a total ___MASK41___ 37 square kilometres , in contrast to its size its depth is very shallow . It was once the natural harbour ___MASK41___ Tunis . Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia . Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles , the term was originally applied to the maximum extent ___MASK41___ the ___MASK31___ . The term has fallen into disuse in English and has been replaced by the terms " Middle East " and " West Asia ". The Bible ( from Koine Greek   , " tà biblía ", " the books ") is a collection ___MASK41___ sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product ___MASK41___ divine inspiration and a record ___MASK41___ the relationship between God and humans . A land ___MASK13___ , in biogeography , is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas , over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonise new lands . A land ___MASK13___ can be created by marine regression , in which sea levels fall , exposing shallow , previously submerged sections of continental shelf ; or when new land is created by plate tectonics ; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post - glacial rebound after an ice age . Maaibre Sheshi ( also Sheshy ) was a ruler ___MASK41___ areas ___MASK41___ ___MASK60___ during the Second Intermediate Period . The dynasty , chronological position , duration and extent ___MASK41___ his reign are uncertain and subject to ongoing debate . The difficulty ___MASK41___ identification is mirrored by problems in determining events from the end ___MASK41___ the Middle Kingdom to the arrival ___MASK41___ the Hyksos in ___MASK60___ . Nonetheless , Sheshi is , in terms ___MASK41___ the number ___MASK41___ artefacts attributed to him , the best attested king ___MASK41___ the period spanning the end ___MASK41___ the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate period ; roughly from c . 1800 BC until 1550 BC . Hundreds ___MASK41___ scaraboid seals bearing his name have been found throughout Canaan , ___MASK60___ , Nubia and as far away as Carthage where some were still in use 1500 years after his death . Three competing hypotheses have been put forth for the dynasty to which Sheshi belonged . Egyptologists such as Nicolas Grimal , William C . Hayes and Donald B . Redford believe he should be identified with Salitis , founder ___MASK41___ the 15th Dynasty according to historical sources and king ___MASK41___ the Hyksos during their invasion ___MASK41___ ___MASK60___ . Salitis is credited with 19 years ___MASK41___ reign and would have lived some time between c . 1720 BC and 1650 BC . The Egyptologist William Ayres Ward and the archaeologist Daphna Ben - Tor propose that Sheshi was a Hyksos king and belongs to the second half ___MASK41___ the 15th Dynasty , reigning between Khyan and Apophis . Alternatively , Manfred Bietak has proposed that Sheshi was a vassal ___MASK41___ the Hyksos , ruling over some part ___MASK41___ ___MASK60___ or Canaan . The very existence ___MASK41___ such vassals is debated . Finally , Sheshi could be a ruler ___MASK41___ the early 14th Dynasty , a line ___MASK41___ kings ___MASK41___ Canaanite descent ruling over ___MASK41___ the Eastern Nile Delta immediately before the arrival ___MASK41___ the Hyksos . Proponents ___MASK41___ this theory , such as Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker , credit Sheshi with 40 years ___MASK41___ reign starting c . 1745 BC . Ryholt proposed that Sheshi allied his kingdom with the Kushites in Nubia via a dynastic marriage with the Nubian princess Tati . Ryholt further posits that the son ___MASK41___ Sheshi and Tati was Nehesy , whose name means `` The Nubian '' , whom he believes succeeded Sheshi to the throne as the pharaoh Nehesy Aasehre . ___MASK36___ ( from ; Phoenician "" " New City ") was the centre or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization , on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia . The Sinai ___MASK16___ or simply Sinai ('; ', ; "") is a ___MASK16___ in ___MASK60___ , situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south , serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa . It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia . Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1 , 400 , 000 people . The bulk of the ___MASK16___ is divided administratively into two of ___MASK60___ ' s 27 governorates ( with three more straddling the Suez Canal area ). The ancient Near East was the ___MASK59___ ___MASK41___ early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East : ___MASK35___ ( modern Iraq , southeast ___MASK53___ , southwest Iran , northeastern ___MASK11___ and Kuwait ), ___MASK1___ , ancient Iran ( Elam , Media , Parthia and Persia ), Anatolia / Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands ( ___MASK53___ ' s Eastern Anatolia Region , Armenia , northwestern Iran , southern Georgia , and western Azerbaijan ), the Levant ( modern ___MASK11___ , Lebanon , Palestine , Israel , and Jordan ), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula . The ancient Near East is studied in the fields ___MASK41___ Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history . ___MASK95___ (" as - Sdn ", ), also known as North ___MASK95___ and officially the ___MASK68___ of the ___MASK95___ (" Jumhriyyat as - Sdn "), is a country in Northern Africa . It is bordered by ___MASK60___ to the north , the Red Sea , Eritrea , and Ethiopia to the east , ___MASK5___ to the south , the Central African ___MASK68___ to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest . It is the third largest country in Africa . The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . Before the Sudanese Civil War , ___MASK5___ was part of ___MASK95___ but broke away in 2011 . Its predominant religion is Islam . The Nile ( " en - Nl ", " an - Nl " " P ( h ) iaro "; Ancient Egyptian : "  ' p " and " Iteru "; Biblical Hebrew :  , " Ha - Ye ' or ") is a major north - flowing river in northeastern ___MASK22___ . It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world , however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in ___MASK98___ . The Nile , which is 6 , 853 km ( 4 , 258 miles ) long , is an " international " river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries , namely , Tanzania , Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi , Congo - Kinshasa , Kenya , Ethiopia , Eritrea , South Sudan , Sudan and Egypt . In particular , the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan . The Kingdom ___MASK41___ ___MASK60___ ("", " the Egyptian Kingdom ") was the independent Egyptian state established under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922 following the Unilateral Declaration ___MASK41___ Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom . Until the Anglo - Egyptian treaty ___MASK41___ 1936 , the Kingdom was only nominally independent , since the British retained control ___MASK41___ foreign relations , communications , the military and the Anglo - Egyptian Sudan . Between 1936 - 52 , the British continued to maintain military presence and political advisors , at a reduced level . ___MASK60___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK60___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK60___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies ___MASK3___ , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although ___MASK3___ and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK60___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation .