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___MASK22___ ( lat . ',      ), officially the Republic of ___MASK22___ , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia ( though this name is no longer used in ___MASK22___ itself , even in Russian language ), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by ___MASK62___ to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and ___MASK81___ and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40 % of its is forested . Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern - day ___MASK22___ , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ), the Grand Duchy of ___MASK81___ , the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . ___MASK81___ ( UK and US : ), officially the Republic of ___MASK81___ , is a country in Northern Europe . One of the three Baltic states , it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea , to the east of Sweden and Denmark . It is bordered by Latvia to the north , Belarus to the east and south , Poland to the south , and Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) to the southwest . ___MASK81___ has an estimated population of 2 . 9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius . Lithuanians are a Baltic people . The official language , Lithuanian , along with Latvian , is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo - European language family . The ___MASK57___ ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . ___MASK42___ , officially the Slovak Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . ___MASK42___ ' s territory spans about and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak , a member of the Slavic language family . Wrocaw (, ; ) is the largest city in western ___MASK16___ . It is on the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe , roughly 350 kilometres ( 220 mi ) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south . Wrocaw is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia . Today , it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . At various times in history , it has been part of the Kingdom of ___MASK16___ , Bohemia , ___MASK7___ , the ___MASK24___ , ___MASK100___ and Germany . It became part of ___MASK16___ in 1945 , as a result of the border changes after the Second World War . The population of Wrocaw in 2016 was 637 , 075 making it the fourth - largest city in ___MASK16___ and the main city of Wrocaw agglomeration . Silesian German ( Silesian German : ' or ') or Lower Silesian is a nearly extinct German dialect spoken in Silesia . It is part of the East Central German language area with some West Slavic influences . Variations of the dialect until 1945 were spoken by about seven million people . After ___MASK23___ War II , local communist authorities forbade the use of the language , after the expulsion of the Germans the province of Silesia was incorporated into southwestern ___MASK16___ , with small portions in northeastern ___MASK96___ and in eastern Germany , and Silesian German continued to be spoken only by individual families expelled to the remaining territory of Germany and in cultural gatherings mainly in ___MASK11___ . Most descendents of the Silesian Germans expelled to West and ___MASK40___ no longer learned the dialect , and the cultural gatherings were less and less frequented . The ___MASK96___ , also known by the short name Czechia , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , ___MASK27___ to the south , ___MASK42___ to the east and Poland to the northeast . The ___MASK96___ covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10 . 5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1 . 2 million residents . The ___MASK96___ includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . Lower Silesia ( Silesian German : " Niederschläsing ") is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia ; Upper Silesia is to the southeast . Szczecin ( German and , known also by other alternative names ) is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in ___MASK16___ . Located near the Baltic Sea , it is a major seaport and ___MASK16___ ' s seventh - largest city . As of June 2011 , the population was 407 , 811 . The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the ___MASK51___ , enclosed by Scandinavia , Finland , the Baltic countries , and the North European Plain . It includes the Gulf of Bothnia , the Bay of Bothnia , the Gulf of Finland , the Gulf of Riga , and the Bay of Gdask . The sea stretches from 53 ° N to 66 ° N latitude and from 10 ° E to 30 ° E longitude . A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic , with limited water exchange between the two bodies , the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund , the Great Belt , and the Little Belt . Warsaw (; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of ___MASK16___ . It stands on the Vistula River in east - central ___MASK16___ , roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains . Its population is estimated at 1 . 750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3 . 105 million residents , which makes Warsaw the 9th most - populous capital city in the ___MASK57___ . The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers . Breslauer SC was a German association football club from the city of Breslau , Lower Silesia ( today Wroclaw , ___MASK16___ ) . The club enjoyed its greatest successes in the late 1920s . ___MASK90___ ( tr . ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe , bordered by ___MASK62___ to the east and northeast , Belarus to the northwest , Poland and ___MASK42___ to the west , Hungary , Romania , and Moldova to the southwest , and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast , respectively . ___MASK90___ is currently in territorial dispute with ___MASK62___ over the Crimean Peninsula which ___MASK62___ annexed in 2014 but which ___MASK90___ and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian . Including Crimea , ___MASK90___ has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . It has a population of about 44 . 5 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Kraków , also Cracow or Krakow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in ___MASK16___ . Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser ___MASK16___ region , the city dates back to the 7th century . Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic , cultural , and artistic life and is one of ___MASK16___ ' s most important economic hubs . It was the capital of the Crown of the Kingdom of ___MASK16___ from 1038 to 1569 ; the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795 ; the Free City of Kraków from 1815 to 1846 ; the Grand Duchy of Cracow from 1846 to 1918 ; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1998 . It has been the capital of Lesser ___MASK16___ Voivodeship since 1999 . Pozna ( known also by other historical names ) is a city on the Warta river in west - central ___MASK16___ , in the Greater ___MASK16___ region . It is best known for its renaissance Old Town , destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt , and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral . Today , Pozna is an important cultural and business centre and one of ___MASK16___ ' s most populous regions with many regional customs such as Jarmark witojaski , traditional Saint Martin ' s croissants and a local dialect . ___MASK16___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK16___ , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the ___MASK96___ and ___MASK42___ to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic Sea , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of ___MASK16___ is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , ___MASK16___ is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . ___MASK16___ is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . Upper Silesia ( Silesian : " Grny lnsk " ; Silesian German : " Oberschläsing ") is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia . Since the 9th century , Upper Silesia has been part of ( chronologically ) Greater ___MASK5___ , the ___MASK39___ , the Piast Kingdom of Poland , again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy ___MASK93___ , as well as of the ___MASK28___ from 1526 . In 1742 the bulk of Upper Silesia was annexed by the Kingdom of ___MASK100___ , and in 1871 it became part of the ___MASK14___ . After the Second ___MASK23___ War it became part of the Republic of Poland , in 1945 . Silesia ( or ; Silesian German : " Schläsing " Silesian : " lnsk " ) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in ___MASK16___ , with small parts in the ___MASK96___ and Germany . Its area is about , and its population about 8 , 000 , 000 . Silesia is located along the Oder river . It consists of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia . Gdask ( German : ) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast . It is the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship , ___MASK16___ ' s principal seaport and is also the centre of the country ' s fourth - largest metropolitan area . A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions ( sub - national units ) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate . The majority of states in the ___MASK23___ have a unitary system of government . Of the 193 UN member states , 165 of them are governed as unitary states .