genre mott the hoople 
Warner ___MASK70___ Group ( abbreviated as WMG , commonly referred to as Warner ___MASK70___ ) is an American multinational ___MASK79___ and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City . It is one of the " big three " recording companies and the third largest in the global music industry , next to Universal ___MASK70___ Group ( UMG ) and Sony ___MASK70___ ___MASK79___ ( SME ), being the only American music conglomerate worldwide . Formerly owned by Time Warner , the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until May 2011 , when it announced its privatization and sale to Access Industries , which was completed in July 2011 . With a multibillion - dollar annual turnover , WMG employs in excess of 3 , 500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world . Led Zeppelin were an English ___MASK92___ band formed in London in 1968 . The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page , singer Robert Plant , bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones , and drummer John Bonham . The band ' s heavy , guitar - driven sound , rooted in ___MASK55___ and psychedelia on their early albums , has earned them recognition as one of the progenitors of heavy metal , though their unique style drew from a wide ___MASK40___ of influences , including folk music . Procol Harum are an English ___MASK92___ band formed in 1967 . They contributed to the development of symphonic ___MASK92___ , and by extension , ___MASK97___ . Their best - known recording is their 1967 hit single " A Whiter Shade of Pale ", which is considered a classic of popular music and is one of the few singles to have sold over 10 million copies . Although noted for its baroque and classical influence , Procol Harum ' s music also embraces the blues , R & B , and soul . Island Records is a Jamaican - English record label that operates as a division of the Universal ___MASK70___ Group ( UMG ). It was founded by Chris Blackwell , Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong in Jamaica in 1959 . Blackwell sold the label to PolyGram in 1989 . Both Island and another label recently acquired byPolyGram , A & M Records , were both at the time the largest independent record labels in ___MASK12___ , with Island in particular having exerted a major influence on the progressive UK music scene in the early 1970s . Warner Bros .- Seven Arts , Inc . was an American ___MASK79___ company active from 1967 until 1970 . The Clash were an English punk ___MASK92___ band that formed in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk . Along with punk , their music incorporated elements of reggae , ___MASK85___ , funk , ska and rockabilly . For most of their recording career the Clash consisted of Joe Strummer ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar ), Mick Jones ( lead guitar , lead vocals ), Paul Simonon ( bass guitar , vocals ) and Nicky " Topper " Headon ( drums , ___MASK22___ ). Headon left the group in 1982 , and internal friction led to Jones ' s departure the following year . The group continued with new members , but finally disbanded in early 1986 . ___MASK80___ is a ___MASK70___ ___MASK98___ that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of ___MASK61___ expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular ___MASK61___ styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American ___MASK61___ parentage with a performance orientation . ___MASK80___ is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . ___MASK80___ has roots in West African cultural and ___MASK61___ expression , and in African - American ___MASK70___ traditions including blues and ___MASK73___ , as well as European military band ___MASK70___ . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". PolyGram a / k / a The PolyGram Group was a Dutch owned ___MASK25___ - media company . It started as a major record label recording company founded by Philips and Siemens as a holding company for their music interests in 1979 . The name was chosen to reflect the Siemens interest Polydor Records and the Philips interest Phonogram Inc . The company traced its origins through Deutsche Grammophon back to the inventor of the flat disk gramophone , Emil Berliner . Later on , PolyGram expanded into a larger ___MASK79___ company , creating film and television divisions . In May 1998 , it was sold to Seagram which owned Universal Studios . The newly merged company became Universal Music Group . When the new company faced financial difficulties , its parent Seagram was sold in large part to Vivendi , and for a brief time , the company was known as Vivendi Universal . Vivendi is the current owner of UMG . Aretha Louise Franklin ( born ___MASK5___ 25 , 1942 ) is an American singer , songwriter and musician . Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father , minister C . L . Franklin ' s church as a ___MASK83___ . In 1960 , at the age of 18 , Franklin embarked on a secular career , recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success . Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967 , Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as " Respect ", "( You Make Me Feel Like ) A Natural Woman " and " Think ". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade . A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the ___MASK94___ of ___MASK70___ recordings and ___MASK70___ videos . Often , a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks , coordinates the production , manufacture , distribution , ___MASK94___ , promotion , and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and ___MASK70___ videos ; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists (" artists and repertoire " or " A & R "); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers . The term " record label " derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer ' s name , along with other information . Guy Stevens ( 13 April 1943  28 August 1981 ) was a British ___MASK70___ industry figure whose roles included DJ , record producer , and band manager . He was influential in promoting R & B ___MASK70___ in Britain in the 1960s , gave the ___MASK92___ bands Procol Harum and Mott the Hoople their distinctive names , and co - produced The Clash ' s ___MASK17___ " London Calling ". Mott the Hoople is the debut studio ___MASK17___ by the band of the same name . It was produced by Guy Stevens and released in 1969 by Island Records in the UK ( cat . no . ILPS 9108 ) , and in 1970 by Atlantic Records in the US ( cat . no . SD 8258 ) . It was subsequently re - released by Angel Air in 2003 ( SJPCD157 ) . Stevens , the group ' s initial mentor and guide , wanted to create an ___MASK17___ that would suggest Bob Dylan singing with the Rolling Stones . This was partially achieved , with the ___MASK17___ including several Dylanesque cover versions along with aggressive rock originals . Years later , vocalist Ian Hunter - who had only just joined the band prior to Mott the Hoople ' s recording and had yet to ___MASK39___ live with them - would insinuate , in an August 1980 Trouser Press magazine interview , that the Stones ' 1971 track `` Bitch '' bore more than a passing resemblance to this ___MASK17___ ' s `` Rock and Roll Queen . '' ( Both songs are in the key of Am , and use the pentatonic scale . ) An instrumental version of The Kinks ' `` You Really Got Me '' introduces the ___MASK17___ , though a vocal version was recorded and is available on Mott ' s compilation release Two Miles From Heaven . Doug Sahm ' s `` At the Crossroads '' ( originally recorded by Sahm ' s Sir Douglas Quintet in 1968 ) and Sonny Bono ' s `` Laugh at Me '' ( originally issued by Sonny & Cher on their second full - length ___MASK17___ in 1966 , but without vocals from Cher ) are suitably reminiscent of Bob Dylan , as is Hunter ' s `` Backsliding Fearlessly . '' Initial copies of the ___MASK17___ were wrongly pressed with the song `` The Road to Birmingham , '' the B - side of their debut single , replacing `` Rock and Roll Queen . '' The ___MASK17___ ' s cover is a colourised reproduction of M . C . Escher ' s lithograph `` Reptiles . '' In an interesting coincidence considering Guy Stevens ' desire for Mott to sound like the Rolling Stones , in early 1969 Mick Jagger had approached Escher wanting to commission a painting for the cover of the Stones ' upcoming ___MASK17___ Let It Bleed ; Escher declined the request . ___MASK63___ music is a ___MASK98___ of ___MASK89___ that originated in its modern form in the Western world as a softer alternative to rock and roll . The terms " ___MASK89___ " and " pop music " are often used interchangeably , although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles . " ___MASK63___ " and " rock " were synonymous terms until the late 1960s , when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other . Jamaica is an island ___MASK77___ situated in the Caribbean Sea , consisting of the third - largest island of the Greater Antilles . The island , in area , lies about south of Cuba , and west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the nation - states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ). Jamaica is the fourth - largest island ___MASK77___ in the Caribbean , by area . ___MASK92___ Band is a series of ___MASK43___ games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games , and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS , iOS , PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , PSP , Wii , Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems . The series , inspired by Harmonix ' s previous efforts on the " Guitar Hero " series , allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular ___MASK34___ songs by playing with controllers modeled after ___MASK61___ instruments . Players can ___MASK39___ the lead guitar , bass guitar , keyboard , and drums parts to songs , as well as sing into a USB microphone . Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling ___MASK61___ notes while playing instruments , and by their ability to match the singer ' s pitch on vocals . Mott the Hoople were an English ___MASK92___ band with strong R & B roots , popular in the ___MASK99___ era of the early to mid - 1970s . They are best known for the song " All the Young Dudes ", written for them by David Bowie and appearing on their 1972 album of the same name . A record producer or ___MASK70___ producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer ' s ___MASK70___ , which may range from recording one ___MASK67___ to recording a lengthy concept album . A producer has many roles during the recording process . The roles of a producer vary . He or she may gather ___MASK61___ ideas for the project , collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist / group , work with artists and help them to improve their songs , lyrics or arrangements . The ___MASK70___ industry consists of the companies and individuals that earn money by creating new songs and pieces and selling live concerts and shows , audio and video recordings , compositions and ___MASK71___ , and the organizations and associations that aid and represent creators . Among the many individuals and organizations that operate in the industry are : the songwriters and composers who create new songs and ___MASK61___ pieces ; the singers , musicians , conductors and bandleaders who perform the ___MASK70___ ; the companies and professionals who create and sell recorded ___MASK70___ and / or ___MASK71___ ( e . g ., ___MASK70___ publishers , ___MASK70___ producers , recording studios , engineers , record labels , retail and online ___MASK70___ stores , performance rights organizations ); and those that help organize and present live ___MASK70___ performances ( sound engineers , booking agents , promoters , ___MASK70___ venues , road crew ). Ruth Alston Brown ( née Weston , January 12 , 1928  November 17 , 2006 ) was an American singer - songwriter and actress , sometimes known as the " Queen of R & B ". She was noted for bringing a ___MASK63___ music style to R & B music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s , such as " So Long ", " Teardrops from My Eyes " and "( Mama ) He Treats Your Daughter Mean ". For these contributions , Atlantic became known as " The house that Ruth built " ( alluding to the popular nickname for Old Yankee Stadium ). Universal ___MASK70___ Group , Inc . ( also known as Universal ___MASK70___ Group Recordings , Inc . and abbreviated as UMG ) is an American - French global ___MASK70___ corporation that is a subsidiary of the Paris - based French media conglomerate Vivendi . UMG ' s global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica , California . Wilson Pickett ( ___MASK5___ 18 , 1941  January 19 , 2006 ) was an American R & B , soul and ___MASK92___ and roll singer and songwriter . Atlantic Recording Corporation ( simply known as Atlantic Records ) is an American record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson . Over its first 20 years of operation , Atlantic Records earned a reputation as one of the most important American recording labels , specializing in ___MASK80___ , R & B and soul recordings by African - American musicians including Aretha Franklin , Ray Charles , Wilson Pickett , Sam and Dave , Ruth Brown and Otis Redding , a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records . In 1967 , Atlantic Records became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros .- Seven Arts , now the Warner ___MASK70___ Group , and expanded into ___MASK92___ and pop music with releases by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Yes . Albums of recorded ___MASK70___ were developed in the early 20th century , first as books of individual 78rpm records , then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at rpm . Vinyl LPs are still issued , though in the 21st century ___MASK17___ sales have mostly focused on compact disc ( CD ) and MP3 formats . The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl . Leslie Kong ( 1933  9 August 1971 ) was an influential Chinese - Jamaican ___MASK68___ producer . Christopher Percy Gordon " Chris " Blackwell ( born 22 June 1937 ) is an English businessman and former record producer , and the founder of Island Records , which has been called " one of Britain ' s great independent labels ". According to the ___MASK92___ and Roll Hall of Fame , to which Blackwell was inducted in 2001 , he is " the single person most responsible for turning the world on to reggae music ." London Calling is the third studio ___MASK17___ by English punk rock band the Clash . It was released as a double ___MASK17___ in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 by CBS Records , and in the United States in January 1980 by Epic Records . " London Calling " is a post - punk ___MASK17___ that incorporates a range of styles , including punk , reggae , rockabilly , ___MASK24___ , New Orleans R & B , pop , lounge jazz , and hard rock .