subclass_of zurna
A ___MASK26___ instrument is a ___MASK10___ instrument that contains some type of resonator ( usually a tube ), in which a column of air is set into vibration by the ___MASK24___ blowing into ( or over ) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator . The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air . In the case of some ___MASK26___ instruments , sound is produced by blowing through a reed ; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece . The ___MASK55___ is a ___MASK2___ of the percussion group of ___MASK10___ instruments . In the Hornbostel - Sachs classification system , it is a membranophone . Drums consist of at least one ___MASK12___ , called a drumhead or ___MASK55___ skin , that is stretched over a shell and struck , either directly with the ___MASK24___ ' s hands , or with a ___MASK55___ stick , to produce sound . There is usually a " resonance head " on the underside of the ___MASK55___ , typically tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drumhead . Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound , such as the thumb roll . Drums are the world ' s oldest and most ubiquitous ___MASK10___ instruments , and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years . The zurna ( also called surnay , birbyn , lettish ___MASK77___ , surla , sornai , dili tuiduk , zournas , or zurma ) , is a ___MASK26___ instrument played in central Eurasia , ranging from the Balkans to Central Asia . It is usually accompanied by a davul ( bass drum ) in Anatolian folk music . An ___MASK27___ is any ___MASK10___ instrument that produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate , without the use of strings or membranes , and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound . Aerophones categorically comprise " the largest and most complex group of instruments in the Americas ". A resonator is a ___MASK65___ or ___MASK91___ that exhibits resonance or resonant ___MASK86___ , that is , it naturally oscillates at some frequencies , called its resonant frequencies , with greater amplitude than at others . The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical ( including acoustic ). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal . ___MASK10___ instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones . Another example is quartz crystals used in electronic devices such as radio transmitters and quartz watches to produce oscillations of very precise frequency . A birbyn is a ___MASK70___ ___MASK27___ that can be either ___MASK93___ or double - reeded and may or may not have a mouthpiece . " Birbyn " can be made of a variety of materials : wood , bark , horn , straw , goose feather , etc . The earliest and simplest examples were used by children as playtoys and by shepherds as a tool to control the herd . In the 19th century , influenced by classical instruments and especially the clarinet , the " birbyn " evolved into a serious ___MASK10___ instrument used in ensembles . Modern " birbyns " are made of wood with bells of horn and usually have ten tone holes . They are divided by pitch range into three categories : soprano , tenor , and contrabass . Woodwind instruments are a ___MASK9___ of ___MASK10___ instruments within the more general category of wind instruments . There are two main types of woodwind instruments : flutes and reed instruments ( otherwise called reed pipes ). What differentiates these instruments from other wind instruments is the way in which they produce their sound . Examples are a saxophone , a bassoon and a piccolo . Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants . Plants with bark include trees , woody vines , and shrubs . Bark refers to all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical ___MASK69___ . It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark . The inner bark , which in older stems is living ___MASK23___ , includes the innermost area of the periderm . The outer bark in older stems includes the dead ___MASK23___ on the ___MASK21___ of the stems , along with parts of the innermost periderm and all the tissues on the outer side of the periderm . The outer bark on trees which lies external to the last formed periderm is also called the rhytidome . A ___MASK93___ - reed instrument is a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound . The very earliest ___MASK93___ - reed instruments were documented in ancient Egypt , as well as the Middle East , Greece , and the Roman Empire . The earliest types of ___MASK93___ - reed instruments used idioglottal reeds , where the vibrating reed is a tongue cut and shaped on the tube of cane . Much later , ___MASK93___ - reed instruments started using heteroglottal reeds , where a reed is cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to a mouthpiece of some sort . By contrast , in a ___MASK54___ ( such as the oboe and bassoon ), there is no mouthpiece ; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another . Reeds are traditionally made of cane and produce sound when air is blown across or through them . Most ___MASK93___ - reed instruments are descended from ___MASK93___ - reed idioglot instruments called ' memet ', found in Egypt as early as 2700 BCE . Due to their fragility , no instruments from antiquity were preserved but iconographic evidence is prevalent . During the Old Kingdom in Egypt ( 2778  2723 BCE ), memets were depicted on the reliefs of seven tombs at Saqqarra , six tombs at Giza , and the pyramids of Queen Khentkaus . Most memets were double - clarinets , where two reed tubes were tied or glued together to form one instrument . Multiple pipes were used to reinforce sound or generate a strong beat - tone with slight variations in tuning among the pipes . One of the tubes usually functioned as a drone , but the design of these simple instruments varied endlessly . The entire reed entered the mouth , meaning that the player could not easily articulate so melodies were defined by quick movement of the fingers on the tone holes . These types of double - clarinets are still prevalent today , but also developed into simplified ___MASK93___ - clarinets and hornpipes . Modern - day idioglots found in Egypt include the arghul and the zummara . The davul or tupan is a large double - headed ___MASK55___ that is played with mallets . It has many names depending on the country and region . The ___MASK38___ is a ___MASK10___ - instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments . It has a single - reed mouthpiece , a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore , and a flared bell . A person who plays a ___MASK38___ is called a " clarinetist " ( sometimes spelled " clarinettist "). The dili tuiduk ,   ( also dilli düdük , dilli tuyduk , dili tüidük , dilli tüidük ) is a Turkmen ___MASK59___ . It is a ___MASK38___ - like , ___MASK93___ - reed instrument used mainly in Turkmen folk music . Dilli - tuyduk These come in two kinds . In one , the reed end of the instrument is closed and in the other it is open . A reed is cut in the upper part of the pipe and 3 or 4 finger holes are cut on the upper part , at intervals of some 5 - 6mm . Its range is a 6thor 7th , from about fa in the first octave to re or mi in the second . Some sounds have to be made by overblowing or by partly exposing the finger holes . The dilli - tuyduk makes a penetrating sound and is used to ___MASK1___ the tunes of Turkmen folk songs . Versions of song tunes in the form of ditties for the dilli - tuyduk start in a long drawn - out sound going into the main melody . Lithuania ( UK and US : ), officially the ___MASK43___ of Lithuania , is a country in Northern Europe . One of the three Baltic states , it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic ___MASK13___ , to the east of Sweden and Denmark . It is bordered by Latvia to the north , Belarus to the east and south , Poland to the south , and Kaliningrad Oblast ( a ___MASK34___ exclave ) to the southwest . Lithuania has an estimated population of 2 . 9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius . Lithuanians are a Baltic people . The official language , Lithuanian , along with Latvian , is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo - European language family . A tone hole is an ___MASK75___ in the body of a wind instrument which , when alternately closed and opened , changes the pitch of the ___MASK49___ produced . Tone holes may serve specific purposes , such as a trill hole or register hole . A tone hole is , " in wind instruments [,] a hole that may be stopped by the finger , or a key , to change the pitch of the tone produced ."