occupation nikolaus federmann
Ulm Minster is a Lutheran church located in Ulm , Germany . Although sometimes referred to as Ulm Cathedral because of its great size , the church is not a cathedral as it has never been the seat of a ___MASK5___ . Though the towers and all decorative elements are of stone masonry , attracting the attention of visitors , most of the walls , including the façades of the nave and choir , actually consist of visible brick . Therefore , the building is sometimes referred to as a brick church . As such , it lays claim to the rank of second - to fourth - largest , after San Petronio Basilica in Bologna and together with Frauenkirche in Munich and St . Mary ' s Church in Gdask . Charles V (; Dutch : " Karel ") ( 24 February 1500  21 September 1558 ) was ___MASK60___ of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 , as well as of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1506 . He voluntarily stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556 . Through inheritance , he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western , central , and southern Europe , and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia . As a result , his domains spanned nearly four million square kilometers and were the first to be described as " the empire on which the sun never sets ". The Orinoco is one of the longest rivers in South America at . Its drainage basin , sometimes called the Orinoquia , covers , with 76 . 3 percent of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia . The Orinoco and its tributaries are the ___MASK85___ transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the llanos of Colombia . The Orinoco is extremely diverse and hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna . Nikolaus Federmann ( Spanish : Nicolás de Federmán ) ( born c . 1505 in Ulm -- died February 1542 in Valladolid ) was a German ___MASK87___ and ___MASK56___ in the colonies of Venezuela and Colombia . He is a significant figure in the history of Klein - Venedig ( 1528 -- 1546 ) , the concession of Venezuela Province to the Welser banking family by Charles I of Spain . A ___MASK89___ is one who fights as part of an organised , land - based armed force . A ___MASK89___ can be an enlisted person , a non - commissioned officer , or an officer . The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental ___MASK73___ range in the world . They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America . This range is about long , about wide ( widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude ), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries : Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Argentina and Chile . Costa Rica ( literally meaning " Rich Coast "), officially the Republic of Costa Rica , is a country in Central America , bordered by ___MASK86___ to the north , Panama to the southeast , the Pacific Ocean to the west , the Caribbean Sea to the east , and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island . It has a population of around 4 . 5 million , of whom nearly a quarter live in the metropolitan area of the capital and largest city , San José . A trade route is a logistical network identified as a of pathways and stoppages used for the ___MASK12___ transport of cargo . The term can also be used to refer to trade over bodies of water . Allowing goods to reach distant markets , a single trade route contains long distance arteries , which may further be connected to smaller networks of ___MASK12___ and noncommercial transportation routes . Among notable trade routes was the Amber Road , which served as a dependable network for long - distance trade . Maritime trade along the Spice Route became prominent during the Middle Ages , when nations resorted to ___MASK11___ means for control of this influential route . During the Middle Ages , organizations such as the Hanseatic League , aimed at protecting interests of the merchants , and trade became increasingly prominent . Honduras , officially the Republic of Honduras , is a republic in Central America . It has at times been referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras , which became modern - day Belize . Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala , to the southwest by El Salvador , to the southeast by ___MASK86___ , to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca , and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras , a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea . Juan de Carvajal was a Spanish " ___MASK56___ " and one of the first Governors of the Venezuela Province . He founded El Tocuyo in 1545 . When Philipp von Hutten and Bartholomeus VI . Welser returned from a failed expedition to find El Dorado , Carvajal had them killed , and the Welser ' s colonial rights were withdrawn soon after , ending Klein - Venedig . Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a ___MASK15___ state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea . It occupies the western three - eighths of the island , which it shares with the Dominican Republic . Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10 . 6 million people , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second - most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole . The Portuguese Empire , also known as the Portuguese Overseas (" Ultramar Português "), was the first colonial empire , spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002 . The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now parts of 60 different ___MASK15___ states . It was one of the largest empires in history and at the peak of its power , was the first to reach global dimensions through a long network of numerous territories and smaller possessions . Portugal ' s colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth . Colombia ( or ), officially the Republic of Colombia , is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , ___MASK86___ , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty - two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca , the Quimbaya and the Tairona . Central America is the southernmost , isthmian portion of the North American continent , which connects with South America on the southeast . Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north , Colombia to the southeast , the Caribbean Sea to the east , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Central America consists of seven countries : Belize , Guatemala , El Salvador , Honduras , ___MASK86___ , Costa Rica and Panama . The combined population of Central America is between 41 , 739 , 000 ( 2009 estimate ) and 42 , 688 , 190 ( 2012 estimate ). Conquistadors ( from Portuguese or Spanish " conquistadores " " conquerors " ) is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a ___MASK43___ sense . During the Age of Discovery , conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas , Oceania , Africa and Asia , conquering territory and opening trade routes . They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 16th , 17th and 18th centuries . The Dominican Republic is a ___MASK15___ state occupying the eastern two - thirds of the island of Hispaniola , in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region . The western one - third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti , making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands , along with Saint Martin , that are shared by two countries . The Dominican Republic is the second - largest Caribbean nation by area ( after Cuba ) at , and 3rd by population with 10 . 08 million people , of which approximately three million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo , the capital city . Valladolid ( or ) is a city in Spain and the " de facto " capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León . It has a population of 309 , 714 people ( 2013 est .), making it Spain ' s 13th most populous municipality and northwestern Spain ' s biggest city . Its metropolitan area ranks 20th in Spain with a population of 414 , 244 people in 23 municipalities . Castile and León ( Leonese : " Castiella y Llión " ) is an autonomous community in north - western Spain . It was constituted in 1983 , although it existed for the first time during the First Spanish Republic in the 19th century . León first appeared as a Kingdom in 910 , whilst the Kingdom of Castile gained an independent identity in 1065 and was intermittently held in personal union with León before merging with it permanently in 1230 . It is the largest autonomous community in Spain and the third largest region of the European Union , covering an area of with an ___MASK19___ population of around 2 . 5 million ( 2011 ). A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government . At its core , the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means : " a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected ___MASK36___ ( such as a president ) rather than by a king or queen ". South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the ___MASK100___ used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to South America instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in history . It reached the peak of its ___MASK11___ , political and economic power under the Spanish Habsburgs , through most of the 16th and 17th centuries , and its greatest territorial extent under the House of Bourbon in the 18th century , when it was the largest empire in the world . The Spanish Empire became the foremost global power of its time and was the first to be called " the empire on which the sun never sets ". Albert Einstein ( 14 March 1879  18 April 1955 ) was a German - born theoretical ___MASK64___ . He developed the general theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics ( alongside quantum mechanics ). Einstein ' s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass  energy equivalence formula ( which has been dubbed " the world ' s most famous equation "). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his " services to theoretical physics ", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory . El Dorado (; Spanish for " the golden one "), originally " El Hombre Dorado " ( the golden man ), or " El Rey Dorado " ( the golden ___MASK18___ ), was the term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical ___MASK55___ (" zipa ") of the Muisca native people of Colombia , who , as an initiation rite , covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita . The legends surrounding El Dorado changed over time , as it went from being a man , to a city , to a kingdom , and then finally an empire . In the Holy Roman Empire , the collective term free and imperial cities , briefly worded free imperial city ('), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self - ruling city that enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet . An imperial city held the status of Imperial immediacy , and as such , was subordinate only to the Holy Roman ___MASK49___ , as opposed to a territorial city or town (') which was subordinate to a territorial prince  be it an ecclesiastical lord ( prince - bishop , prince - abbot ) or a secular prince ( duke ('), margrave , count ('), etc .). Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an ___MASK19___ language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden - Württemberg , situated on the River Danube . The city , whose population is estimated at almost 120 , 000 ( 2015 ), forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb - Donau district . Ulm , founded around 850 , is rich in history and traditions as a former Free Imperial City . Today , it is an economic centre due to its varied industries , and it is the seat of the University of Ulm . Internationally , Ulm is primarily known for having the church with the tallest steeple in the world , the Gothic minster ( Ulm Minster , German : Ulmer Münster ) and as the birthplace of Albert Einstein . Guyana ( pronounced or ), officially the Co - operative Republic of Guyana , is a ___MASK15___ state on the northern mainland of South America . It is , however , included in the Caribbean Region due to its strong cultural , historical , and political ties with the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ). Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north , Brazil to the south and southwest , Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west . With , Guyana is the fourth - smallest country on mainland South America after Uruguay , Suriname and French Guiana . Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America . It is bordered by Colombia on the west , Brazil on the south , Guyana on the east , and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north - east . Venezuela ' s territory covers around with an estimated population . Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity ( currently ranks 7th in the world ' s list of nations with the most number of species ), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain - forest in the south , via extensive " llanos " plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east . Welser was a German banking and ___MASK47___ family , originally a patrician family from Augsburg , that rose to great prominence in international high finance in the 16th century as financiers of Charles V , Holy Roman ___MASK49___ . Along with the Fugger family , the Welser family controlled large sectors of the European economy , and accumulated enormous wealth through trade and the German colonization of the Americas . The family received colonial rights of the Province of Venezuela from the Charles I King of Spain in 1528 , becoming owners and rulers of the South American colony of Klein - Venedig ( within modern Venezuela ), but were deprived of their rule in 1556 . Philippine Welser ( 1527  1580 ), famed for both her learning and her beauty , was married to Archduke Ferdinand , ___MASK49___ Ferdinand I ' s son . Ulm University is a public university in the city of Ulm , in the South German state of Baden - Württemberg . The university was founded in 1967 and focuses on natural sciences , medicine , ___MASK32___ sciences , mathematics , economics and ___MASK68___ science . With 9 , 188 students ( summer semester 2013 ), it is one of the youngest public universities in Germany . Times Higher Education ( THE ) ranks it at position 16 among the world ' s top 100 universities under the age of 50 years in 2014 , making it the highest - ranked young university in Germany . Philipp von Hutten ( 18 December 1505  17 May 1546 ) was a German ___MASK87___ , and an early European ___MASK31___ of Venezuela . He is a significant figure in the history of Klein - Venedig ( 1528 - 1546 ), the concession of Venezuela Province to the Welser banking family by Charles I . of Spain . Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments . It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk . Finance can also be defined as the ___MASK39___ of money management . Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return . Finance can be broken into three different sub - categories : public finance , corporate finance and personal finance . Georg von Speyer ( 1500 , Speyer , Holy Roman Empire  11 June 1540 , Coro , Venezuela ) was a German ___MASK56___ in New Granada , now Venezuela and Colombia . His birth name was Georg Hohermuth but he chose to call himself after his place of birth . He is sometimes referred to as Jorge de la Espira , his name in Spanish . He is a significant figure in the history of Klein - Venedig ( 1528 - 1546 ), the concession of Venezuela Province to the Welser banking family by Charles I of Spain . A ___MASK47___ is a business person who trades in commodities produced by other people in order to earn a profit . The status of the ___MASK47___ has varied during different periods of history and among different societies . Merchants have often been the subject of works of art . ___MASK86___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK86___ , is the largest country in the Central American isthmus . ___MASK86___ ' s capital , Managua , is the country ' s largest city and the third - largest city in Central America . The multi - ethnic population of six million includes indigenous peoples , Europeans , Africans , and Asians . The main language is Spanish . Native tribes on the eastern coast speak their own languages . Ambrosius Ehinger , also ( Ambrosio Alfínger in Spanish ) Dalfinger , Thalfinger , ( ca . 1500 in Thalfingen near Ulm , Bavaria  31 May 1533 near Chinácota Colombia ) was a German ___MASK56___ and the first ___MASK7___ of the Welser concession , also known as  Little Venice  ( Klein - Venedig ), in New Granada , now Venezuela and Colombia . Klein - Venedig (" Little Venice ") was the most significant territory of the German colonization of the Americas , from 1528 to 1546 , in which the Welser banking family of Augsburg obtained colonial rights in the Province of Venezuela in return for debts owed by Charles I of Spain . The primary motivation was the search for the legendary golden city of " El Dorado ". The venture was led at first by Ambrosius Ehinger , who founded Maracaibo in 1529 . After the deaths of Ehinger ( 1533 ) and then his successor Georg von Speyer ( 1540 ), Philipp von Hutten continued exploration in the interior , and in his absence from the capital of the province the crown of Spain claimed the right to appoint the ___MASK7___ . On Hutten ' s return to the capital , Santa Ana de Coro , in 1546 , the Spanish ___MASK7___ Juan de Carvajal had von Hutten and Bartholomeus VI . Welser executed . The ___MASK49___ Charles I revoked Welser ' s charter .