part_of articulation 
A philosopher is someone who practices ___MASK19___ , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either ___MASK43___ or science . The term " philosopher " comes from the Ancient Greek (" philosophos ") meaning " lover of wisdom ". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). In ___MASK35___ , articulation refers to the direction or performance technique which affects the transition or continuity on a single ___MASK32___ or between multiple notes or sounds . Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with ___MASK24___ , and augments regular speech by the use of sustained ___MASK44___ , rhythm , and a variety of vocal techniques . A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist . Singers perform ___MASK35___ ( arias , recitatives , songs , etc .) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments . Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians , such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists . Singers may perform as soloists , or accompanied by anything from a single instrument ( as in ___MASK47___ ___MASK33___ or some jazz styles ) up to a symphony orchestra or ___MASK10___ band . Different singing styles include ___MASK47___ ___MASK35___ such as opera and Chinese opera , religious ___MASK35___ styles such as gospel , traditional ___MASK35___ styles , world ___MASK35___ , jazz , blues and popular ___MASK35___ styles such as pop and rock . In ___MASK35___ , timbre (, also known as tone color or tone quality from psychoacoustics ) is the perceived sound quality of a musical ___MASK32___ , sound , or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production , such as choir voices and musical instruments , such as ___MASK15___ instruments , wind instruments , and percussion instruments , and which enables listeners to hear even different instruments from the same category as different ( e . g . a viola and a violin ). A ___MASK86___ (" singing , chanting "), also tune , voice , or line , is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity . In its most literal sense , a ___MASK86___ is a combination of pitch and rhythm , while more figuratively , the term can include successions of other musical elements such as tonal color . It ___MASK84___ be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment . A line or ___MASK14___ need not be a foreground ___MASK86___ . ___MASK46___ ( or emceeing , MCing , or rhyming ) is " spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics ". The components of ___MASK46___ include " content ", " flow " ( rhythm and rhyme ), and " delivery ". ___MASK46___ is distinct from spoken - ___MASK58___ ___MASK18___ in that it is performed in time to a beat ( external meter ). ___MASK46___ is often associated with and a primary ingredient of hip - hop music , but the origins of the phenomenon can be said to predate hip - hop culture by centuries . It can also be found in alternative ___MASK45___ such as that of Cake , Gorillaz and the Red Hot Chili Peppers . ___MASK46___ is also used in Kwaito music , a genre that originated in Johannesburg , South Africa , and is composed of hip - hop elements . Another form of rap that predates ___MASK5___ was Muhammad Ali ' s rhythmic ___MASK18___ used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s . In musical terminology , tempo (" time " in Italian ; plural : " tempi " ) is the speed or pace of a given piece or ___MASK67___ thereof , how fast or slow . Tempo is related to meter and is usually measured by beats per ___MASK7___ , with the beats being a division of the measures , though tempo is often indicated by terms which have acquired standard ranges of beats per ___MASK7___ or assumed by convention without indication . Tempo may be separated from articulation , or articulation may be indicated along with tempo , and tempo contributes to the overall texture . While the ability to hold a steady tempo is a desirable skill , tempo is changeable , and often indicated by a conductor or drummer . While practicing , an electronic or mechanical device , a metronome , may indicate the tempo , as one usually works one ' s way up to being able to perform at the proper tempo . In other words it is the speed at which a passage of music is or should be played . ___MASK47___ is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual , auditory or performing artifacts ( artworks ), expressing the author ' s imaginative or technical skill , intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power . In their most general form these activities include the production of works of ___MASK47___ , the criticism of ___MASK47___ , the study of the ___MASK6___ , and the aesthetic dissemination of ___MASK47___ . In ___MASK35___ , harmony considers the process by which the composition of individual sounds , or superpositions of sounds , is analysed by hearing . Usually , this means simultaneously occurring frequencies , pitches ( tones , notes ), or chords . The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them . Harmony is often said to refer to the " vertical " aspect of ___MASK35___ , as distinguished from melodic line , or the " horizontal " aspect . Counterpoint , which refers to the relationship between melodic lines , and polyphony , which refers to the simultaneous sounding of separate independent voices , are thus sometimes distinguished from harmony . In ___MASK22___ , sound is a vibration that propagates as a typically audible mechanical wave of pressure and displacement , through a transmission medium such as air or water . In ___MASK8___ and psychology , sound is the " reception " of such waves and their " perception " by the brain . Humans can hear sound waves with frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20 kHz . Sound above 20 kHz is ultrasound and below 20 Hz is infrasound . Other animals have different hearing ranges . John Milton Cage Jr . ( ___MASK21___ 5 , 1912  ___MASK1___ 12 , 1992 ) was an American composer , music theorist , writer , philosopher , and artist . A pioneer of indeterminacy in music , electroacoustic music , and non - standard use of musical instruments , Cage was one of the leading figures of the post - war avant - garde . Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential American composers of the 20th century . He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance , mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham , who was also Cage ' s romantic partner for most of their lives . ___MASK35___ is an ___MASK47___ form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence , which exist in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ), rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ), ___MASK88___ ( loudness and softness ), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the " color " of a musical sound ). Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de - emphasize or omit some of these elements . ___MASK35___ is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek  (" mousike "; " ___MASK47___ of the Muses "). In its most general form , the activities describing music as an ___MASK47___ form include the production of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ), the criticism of music , the study of the ___MASK9___ of music , and the aesthetic ___MASK63___ of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as " the harmony of the spheres " and " it is music to my ears " point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th - century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , " There is no noise , only sound ." ___MASK35___ is found in every known ___MASK85___ , past and present , varying widely between times and places . Since all people of the world , including the most isolated tribal groups , have a form of music , it ___MASK84___ be concluded that music is likely to have been present in the ancestral ___MASK12___ prior to the dispersal of humans around the world . Consequently , music ___MASK84___ have been in existence for at least 55 , 000 years and the first music ___MASK84___ have been invented in Africa and then evolved to become a fundamental constituent of human life . Time is the indefinite continued progress of ___MASK100___ and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future . Time is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events , to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them , and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience . Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension , along with the three spatial dimensions . A ___MASK33___ , most broadly , is a single ( and often standalone ) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections . Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created , are called lyrics . If a pre - existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art ___MASK33___ . Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants . Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs . Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs . These songs , which have broad appeal , are often composed by professional songwriters , composers and lyricists . Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances . Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video ( or in some , cases , a ___MASK33___ may be performed live and simultaneously recorded ). Songs may also appear in plays , musical theatre , ___MASK29___ shows of any form , and within operas . An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics , or singing , although it might include some inarticulate vocals , such as shouted backup vocals in a ___MASK10___ Band setting . The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments . An instrumental can exist in music notation , after it is written by a composer ; in the mind of the composer ( especially in cases where the composer herself will perform the piece , as in the case of a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player ); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a musical ensemble , which could range in size from a duo or trio to a large ___MASK10___ Band , concert band or orchestra . Accompaniment is the musical parts which provide the rhythmic and / or harmonic support for the ___MASK86___ or main themes of a ___MASK33___ or instrumental piece . There are many different styles and types of accompaniment in different genres and styles of music . In homophonic music , the main accompaniment approach used in popular music , a clear vocal ___MASK86___ is supported by subordinate chords . In popular music and traditional music , the accompaniment parts typically provide the " beat " for the music and outline the chord progression of the ___MASK33___ or instrumental piece . The accompaniment for a vocal ___MASK86___ or instrumental solo can be played by a single musician playing an instrument such as piano , ___MASK72___ , or guitar . While any instrument can in theory be used as an accompaniment instrument , keyboard and guitar - family instruments tend to be used if there is only a single instrument , as these instruments can play chords and basslines simultaneously ( chords and a bassline are easier to play simultaneously on keyboard instruments , but a fingerpicking guitarist can play chords and a bassline simultaneously on guitar ). A solo singer can accompany herself by playing guitar or piano while she sings , and in some rare cases , a solo singer can even accompany himself or herself just using his or her voice and body ( e . g ., Bobby McFerrin ). A composer ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a ___MASK57___ who creates or writes music , which can be vocal music ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental music ( e . g ., for solo piano , ___MASK15___ quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or music which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., opera or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written ___MASK26___ ( e . g ., sheet music scores ). Rhythm ( from Greek , " rhythmos ", " any regular recurring motion , symmetry " ) generally means a " movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements , or of opposite or different conditions " . This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide ___MASK60___ of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds ( as with the riff in a ___MASK28___ song ); to several minutes or hours , or , at the most extreme , even over many years . Plot . This story portrays Susono Musubi , a young ___MASK98___ officer in a post - apocalyptic subterranean ___MASK56___ that ' s thriving with activity , who is investigating recent child abductions . She finds a heavily toned down , sword - like Gravitational Beam Emitter as well as other elements that take different forms in the later ___MASK23___ ( for example , Silicon life ).