genre get well soon 
Weight loss , in the context of ___MASK8___ , health , or physical fitness , refers to a reduction of the total body ___MASK19___ , due to a mean loss of fluid , body fat or adipose tissue and / or lean ___MASK19___ , namely bone mineral deposits , muscle , tendon , and other connective tissue . Weight loss can either occur unintentionally due to malnourishment or an underlying disease or arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state . " Unexplained " weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition . Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming . Get Well Soon was a short - lived 1997 BBC ___MASK91___ comedy series starring Matthew Cottle and Eddie Marsan . Lasting only 6 episodes , it was about the everyday lives of a group of patients , doctors , nurses and other staff at a National ___MASK94___ Service hospital during the post - World ___MASK13___ II period . The show aired once a week between 2 November and 7 December 1997 . The show was based on the meeting of Ray Galton and Alan Simpson , the writers of Steptoe and Son , in a Tuberculosis sanatorium in 1947 . A diagnosis of latent tuberculosis ( LTB ), also called latent tuberculosis infection ( LTBI ) means a patient is infected with " Mycobacterium tuberculosis ", but the patient does not have active tuberculosis . Active tuberculosis can be contagious while latent tuberculosis is not , and it is therefore not possible to get TB from someone with latent tuberculosis . The main risk is that approximately 10 % of these patients ( 5 % in the first two years after infection and 0 . 1 % per year thereafter ) ___MASK52___ go on to develop active tuberculosis . This is particularly true , and there is added risk , in particular situations such as medication that suppresses the immune system or advancing age . Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC , in Portland Place and Langham Place , London . The first ___MASK41___ broadcast was made on 15 March 1932 , and the building was officially opened two months later , on 15 May . The main building is in Art Deco style , with a facing of Portland stone over a steel frame . It is a Grade II * listed building and includes the BBC ___MASK41___ Theatre , where music and speech programmes are recorded in front of a studio audience , and lobby that was used as a location for filming the 1998 BBC ___MASK81___ " In the Red ". A ___MASK40___ alliance is an international agreement concerning national security , when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance . ___MASK40___ alliances differ from coalitions , as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known . Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV / AIDS ) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). Following initial infection , a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza - like illness . Typically , this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms . As the infection progresses , it interferes more with the immune system , increasing the risk of common infections like tuberculosis , as well as other opportunistic infections , and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems . These late symptoms of infection are referred to as AIDS . This stage is often also associated with weight loss . HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex ( including anal and oral sex ), contaminated blood transfusions , hypodermic needles , and from mother to ___MASK100___ during pregnancy , delivery , or breastfeeding . Some bodily fluids , such as saliva and tears , do not transmit HIV . Methods of prevention include safe sex , needle exchange programs , treating those who are infected , and male circumcision . Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and ___MASK100___ antiretroviral medication . There is no cure or vaccine ; however , antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near - normal life expectancy . Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made . Without treatment , the average survival time after infection is 11 years . In 2015 about 36 . 7 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 1 . 1 million deaths . Most of those infected live in sub - Saharan Africa . Between its discovery and 2014 AIDS has caused an estimated 39 million deaths worldwide . HIV / AIDS is considered a pandemic  a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading . HIV is believed to have originated in west - central Africa during the late 19th or early 20th century . AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) in 1981 and its cause  HIV infection  was identified in the early part of the decade . HIV / AIDS has had a great impact on ___MASK89___ , both as an illness and as a source of discrimination . The disease also has large economic impacts . There are many misconceptions about HIV / AIDS such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non - ___MASK7___ contact . The disease has become subject to many controversies involving religion including the Catholic Church ' s decision not to support condom use as prevention . It has attracted international medical and political attention as well as large - scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s . Matthew Cottle ( Born 16 February 1967 ) is a British film , stage , ___MASK41___ and television actor . Ray Galton OBE ( born 17 July 1930 ), and Alan Simpson OBE ( born 27 November 1929 ), are British scriptwriters . They met in 1948 whilst recuperating from tuberculosis at the Milford sanatorium , near Godalming in Surrey . They based the sitcom " Get Well Soon " on their shared experiences at the facility . They are best known for their work with ___MASK5___ Tony Hancock on radio and television between 1954 and 1961 , and their long - running television ___MASK90___ , " Steptoe and Son ", eight series of which were aired between 1962 and 1974 . The National ___MASK94___ Service ( NHS ) is the name of the public ___MASK94___ services of England , Scotland and Wales , and is commonly used to refer to those of Northern Ireland . They were established together as one of the major social reforms following the Second World ___MASK13___ on the founding principles of being comprehensive , universal and free at the point of delivery . Today , each provides a comprehensive range of ___MASK94___ services , the vast majority of which are free for people ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom . In ___MASK99___ and ___MASK40___ planning , a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of ___MASK89___ ' s resources  both industrial and human  towards the support of a ___MASK40___ force . Depending on the militarization of the culture , the relative size of the armed forces and the ___MASK89___ supporting them , the style of government , and the popular support for the ___MASK40___ objectives , such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of ___MASK89___ . Strategic bombing is a ___MASK77___ used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations , or both . It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers , long - or medium - range missiles , or nuclear - armed fighter - bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy ' s war - making capability . A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale . Great powers characteristically possess ___MASK40___ and economic strength , as well as diplomatic and soft power influence , which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers ' opinions before taking actions of their own . ___MASK38___ theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities , spatial aspects , and status dimensions . Ray Galton , OBE ( born 17 July 1930 ) is an English scriptwriter , best known for the Galton and Simpson ___MASK55___ writing partnership with Alan Simpson . Together they devised and wrote the BBC sitcom " Steptoe and Son " ( 1962  1974 ), " Hancock ' s Half Hour " ( 1954  1961 ) and " ___MASK55___ Playhouse " ( 1961  1975 ). The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the ___MASK59___ cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , during the final stage of World ___MASK13___ II . The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement . The two bombings , which killed at least 129 , 000 people , remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in ___MASK80___ . The Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek , Michigan , United States , was a ___MASK94___ resort based on the ___MASK94___ principles advocated by the Seventh - day Adventist Church , most notably associated with John Harvey Kellogg . The complex was purchased by the U . S . Army during World ___MASK13___ II and converted into the Percy Jones Army Hospital . The facility later became the Hart - Dole - Inouye Federal Center . Ronald Erle " Ron " Grainer ( 11 August 1922  21 February 1981 ) was an Australian composer who worked for most of his professional career in the United Kingdom . He is mostly remembered for his film and ___MASK91___ ___MASK49___ , especially the theme ___MASK49___ for " Doctor Who ". Britain ' s Best Sitcom was a BBC media campaign in which ___MASK91___ viewers were asked to decide the best British ___MASK90___ . Viewers could vote via telephone , SMS , or BBC Online . This first round of voting was conducted in 2003 , after which the BBC published a list of the top 100 selections . From this list , they produced a 12 - episode ___MASK91___ series broadcast by BBC Two from January through ___MASK23___ 2004 . Total ___MASK13___ is warfare that includes any and all civilian - associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate ___MASK40___ targets , mobilizes all of the resources of ___MASK89___ to fight the ___MASK13___ , and gives priority to warfare over non - combatant needs . The American - English Dictionary defines total ___MASK13___ as " ___MASK13___ that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used , the territory or combatants involved , or the objectives pursued , especially one in which the laws of ___MASK13___ are disregarded ." Bacillus is a genus of gram - positive , rod - shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes . " Bacillus " species can be obligate aerobes ( oxygen reliant ), or facultative anaerobes ( having the ability to be aerobic or anaerobic ). They ___MASK52___ test positive for the enzyme catalase when there has been oxygen used or present . Ubiquitous in nature , " Bacillus " includes both free - living ( nonparasitic ) and parasitic pathogenic species . Under stressful environmental conditions , the bacteria can produce oval endospores that are not true ' spores ', but to which the bacteria can reduce themselves and remain in a dormant state for very long periods . These characteristics originally defined the genus , but not all such species are closely related , and many have been moved to other genera of the Firmicutes . Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterial species in the ___MASK30___ Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis . First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch , " M . tuberculosis " has an unusual , waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid . This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining and as a result " M . tuberculosis " can appear either Gram - negative or Gram - positive . Acid - fast stains such as Ziehl - Neelsen , or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M . tuberculosis with a microscope . The physiology of " M . tuberculosis " is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen . Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system , it infects the lungs . The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test , acid - fast stain , ___MASK28___ , and polymerase chain reaction . World ___MASK13___ II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World ___MASK13___ , was a global ___MASK13___ that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing ___MASK40___ alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread ___MASK13___ in ___MASK80___ , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total ___MASK13___ ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the ___MASK13___ effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and ___MASK40___ resources . Marked by ___MASK19___ deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World ___MASK13___ II the deadliest conflict in human ___MASK80___ . The National ___MASK89___ of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor is an annual film award given by the National ___MASK89___ of Film Critics . A sanatorium ( also spelled sanitorium and sanitarium ) is a medical facility for long - term illness , most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis ( TB ) before antibiotics . A distinction is sometimes made between " sanitarium " ( a kind of ___MASK94___ resort , as in the Battle Creek Sanitarium ) and " sanatorium " ( a hospital ). Happy - Go - Lucky is a 2008 ___MASK21___ - ___MASK60___ film written and directed by Mike Leigh . The ___MASK85___ focuses on a cheerful and optimistic primary - school teacher and her relationships with those around her . The film was well received by critics and resulted in a number of awards for Leigh , lead actress Sally Hawkins and supporting actor Eddie Marsan . Sputum is mucus and is the name used for the coughed - up material ( phlegm ) from the lower airways ( trachea and bronchi ). This process is known as sputilization . In ___MASK8___ , sputum samples are usually used for naked eye exam , microbiological investigations of respiratory infections and cytological investigations of respiratory systems . It is critical that the patient not give a specimen that includes any mucoid material from the interior of the nose . Naked eye exam of sputum can be done at home by a patient in order to note the various colors ( see below ). Any hint of yellow color suggests an airway infection ( but does not indicate between the types of organisms causing it ). Such color hints are best detected when the sputum is viewed on a very white background such as white paper , a white pot , or a white sink surface . The more intense the yellow color , the more likely it is a bacterial infection ( bronchitis , bronchopneumonia , or pneumonia ). Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in ___MASK80___ to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city ( and later on Nagasaki ) at 8 : 15 a . m . on August 6 , 1945 , near the end of World War II . Gangster No . 1 ( pronounced Gangster Number One ) is a 2000 British ___MASK10___ ___MASK60___ film directed by Paul McGuigan and starring Paul Bettany in the title role . It also features Malcolm McDowell , David Thewlis and Saffron Burrows . It is based on the ___MASK53___ " Gangster No . 1 " by Louis Mellis and David Scinto . Edward Maurice Charles " Eddie " Marsan ( born 9 June 1968 ) is an English actor . He won the London Film Critics Circle Award and National ___MASK89___ of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film " Happy - Go - Lucky " in 2008 . He has appeared in the films " Gangster No . 1 " ( 2000 ), "" ( 2006 ), " Sixty Six " ( 2006 ), " V for Vendetta " ( 2006 ), " Hancock " ( 2008 ), " Sherlock Holmes " ( 2009 ), " War Horse " ( 2011 ), "" ( 2011 ), " The Best of Men " ( 2012 ), and " The World ' s End " ( 2013 ). He also appears in Showtime ' s TV series " Ray Donovan " ( 2013 ) as Terry , and as Mr Norrell in the BBC drama " Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell " ( 2015 ). Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium " Mycobacterium tuberculosis " ( MTB ). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but can also affect other parts of the body . Most infections do not have symptoms ; in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis . About 10 % of latent infections progress to active disease which , if left untreated , kills about half of those infected . The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood - containing sputum , fever , night sweats , and weight loss . The historical term " consumption " came about due to the weight loss . Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms . Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough , spit , speak , or sneeze . People with latent TB do not spread the disease . Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV / AIDS and in those who smoke . Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X - rays , as well as microscopic examination and ___MASK28___ of body fluids . Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test ( TST ) or blood tests . Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk , early detection and treatment of cases , and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette - Guérin vaccine . Those at high risk include household , workplace , and social contacts of people with active TB . Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time . Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug - resistant tuberculosis ( MDR - TB ). One - third of the world ' s population is thought to be infected with TB . New infections occur in about 1 % of the population each year . In 2014 , there were 9 . 6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1 . 5 million deaths . More than 95 % of deaths occurred in developing countries . The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000 . About 80 % of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5  10 % of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test . Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times . ___MASK55___ Playhouse is a long - running British ___MASK31___ series of one - off unrelated sitcoms that aired for 120 episodes from 1961 to 1975 . Many episodes later graduated to their own series , including " Steptoe and Son ", " Meet the Wife ", " Till Death Us Do Part ", " All Gas and Gaiters ", " Up Pompeii !", " Not in Front of the Children ", " Me Mammy ", " That ' s Your Funeral ", " The Liver Birds ", " Are You Being Served ?" and " Last of the Summer Wine ", which is the world ' s longest running sitcom , having run from January 1973 to August 2010 . A gene is a locus ( or region ) of DNA which is made up of nucleotides and is the molecular unit of heredity . The transmission of genes to an organism ' s offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits . Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes ( many different genes ) as well as gene  environment interactions . Some genetic traits are instantly visible , such as eye colour or number of limbs , and some are not , such as blood type , risk for specific diseases , or the thousands of ___MASK65___ biochemical processes that comprise life . Steptoe and Son Ride Again is the 1973 ___MASK4___ to the 1972 film " Steptoe and Son ". Again the film starred Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H . Corbett . A British sitcom is a ___MASK90___ programme produced for British television . Although styles of sitcom have changed over the years they tend to be based on a family , workplace or other institution , where the same group of contrasting characters is brought together in each episode . British sitcoms are typically produced in one or more series of six episodes . Most such series are conceived and developed by one or two writers . Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material ( a vaccine ) to stimulate an individual ' s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen . Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection . When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated , this results in herd immunity . The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified ; for example , the influenza vaccine , the HPV vaccine , and the chicken pox vaccine . Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases ; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio , measles , and tetanus from much of the world . The World ___MASK94___ Organization ( WHO ) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty - five preventable infections . ___MASK42___ ( from the Greek ': " hólos ", " whole " and " kaustós ", " burnt "), also referred to as the Shoah "' ( Hebrew : , " HaShoah ", " the catastrophe "), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler ' s Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews . The victims included 1 . 5 million children and represented about two - thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe . Some definitions of ___MASK42___ include the additional five million non - Jewish victims of Nazi ___MASK19___ murders , bringing the total to about 11 million . Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany , German - occupied territories , and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany . Sanford and Son is an American sitcom that ran on the NBC ___MASK91___ network from January 14 , 1972 to March 25 , 1977 . It was based on the BBC ___MASK91___ program " Steptoe and Son ". The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London , is the world ' s oldest national broadcasting organisation , and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees , with over 20 , 950 staff in total , of whom 16 , 672 are in public sector broadcasting ; including part - time , flexible as well as fixed contract staff , the total number is 35 , 402 . V for Vendetta is a British ___MASK17___ written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd ( with additional art by Tony Weare ), published by DC Comics . Later versions were published by Vertigo , an imprint of DC Comics . The story depicts a dystopian and post - apocalyptic near - future ___MASK80___ version of the United Kingdom in the 1990s , preceded by a ___MASK50___ in the 1980s which had devastated most of the rest of the world . The fascist Norsefire party has exterminated its opponents in concentration camps and rules the country as a police state . The comics follow its title character and protagonist , V , an anarchist revolutionary dressed in a Guy Fawkes mask , as he begins an elaborate and theatrical revolutionist campaign to kill his former captors , bring down the fascist state and convince the people to bring about democratic government , while inspiring a young woman , Evey Hammond , to be his protégé . During World ___MASK13___ II , the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and , to date , last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack . Steptoe and Son is a British sitcom written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson about a father - and - son rag - and - bone business . They live on Oil Drum Lane , a fictional street in Shepherd ' s Bush , London . Four series were broadcast by the BBC from 1962 to 1965 , followed by a second run from 1970 to 1974 . Its theme tune , " Old Ned ", was composed by Ron Grainer . The series was voted 15th in a 2004 BBC poll to find " Britain ' s Best Sitcom ". It was remade in the US as " Sanford and Son ", in Sweden as " Albert & Herbert " and in the Netherlands as " Stiefbeen en zoon ". In 1972 a ___MASK18___ of the series , " Steptoe and Son ", was released in cinemas , with a second " Steptoe and Son Ride Again " in 1973 .