place_of_death robert a. hall
Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the ___MASK40___ ___MASK71___ to the north , the ___MASK73___ to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . Linguistics is the scientific study of language , and involves an analysis of language form , language meaning , and language in context . The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "". Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient ___MASK11___ . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th - century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . ___MASK29___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK29___ (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South ___MASK65___ . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; ___MASK28___ , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , ___MASK29___ is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . ___MASK29___ ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States . The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context . The eight institutions are Brown University , ___MASK9___ University , Cornell University , ___MASK31___ College , Harvard University , the University of ___MASK52___ , Princeton University , and Yale University . The term " Ivy League " has connotations of academic excellence , selectivity in admissions , and social elitism . Ezra Cornell ( January 11 , 1807  December 9 , 1874 ) was an American businessman , politician , philanthropist and educational administrator . He was the founder of Western ___MASK88___ and a co - founder of Cornell University . He also served as President of the ___MASK70___ Agriculture Society and as a ___MASK70___ state Senator . Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and federal land - grant doctoral university located in ___MASK93___ , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge  from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell ' s motto , a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation : " I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study ." Robert Anderson Hall , Jr . ( 1911 -- 1997 ) was an American linguist and specialist in the Romance languages . He was a professor of Linguistics at Cornell University and the first president of The Wodehouse Society ( US ) . Hall was an early promoter of the linguistics of Creole languages , and published broadly within the field . Under the auspices of the United States Armed Services Institute , he wrote a structuralist description of Melanesian Pidgin English in 1943 . Among other creoles and pidgin languages , he studied Sranan of Surinam and Haitian Creole . Hall organized the successful spoken language learning method for soldiers in the Second World War . Hall criticized Basic English because it encouraged the use of multi - meaning words ( such as get ) under the guise of simplicity . Hall took the controversial view that the Kensington Runestone , a purported relic of an early Viking visit to what is now Minnesota in North America , was authentic . Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris (" common speech ") is a generic term for the " nonstandard " ( as opposed to " classical ") sociolects of Latin from which the Romance languages developed . Works written in Latin during classical times used Classical Latin rather than Vulgar Latin , with very few exceptions ( ___MASK30___ notably sections of Gaius Petronius ' " Satyricon "). Because of its nonstandard nature , Vulgar Latin had no official orthography . Vulgar Latin is sometimes also called colloquial Latin , or Common Romance ( particularly in the late stage ). In Renaissance Latin , Vulgar Latin was called " vulgare Latinum " or " Latinum vulgare ." ___MASK93___ is a city in the Southern Tier - Finger Lakes region of New York . It is the seat of Tompkins County , as well as the largest community in the ___MASK93___ - Tompkins County metropolitan area . This area contains the municipalities of the Town of ___MASK93___ , the village of Cayuga Heights , and other towns and villages in Tompkins County . The city of ___MASK93___ is located on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake , in Central New York . It is named for the Greek island of ___MASK93___ . Science is a systematic ___MASK62___ that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe . Andrew Dickson White ( November 7 , 1832  November 4 , 1918 ) was an American historian and educator , who was the cofounder of Cornell University and served as its first president for nearly two decades . He was known for expanding the scope of college curriculae . A politician , he had served as state senator in ___MASK70___ . He was later appointed as a US diplomat to Germany and Russia , among other responsibilities . The Romance languages ( sometimes called the Romanic languages , Latin languages , or Neo - Latin languages ) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo - European language family . ConTEXT is a text editor for Microsoft Windows . It has built - in syntax highlighters for C , C ++, Pascal , ___MASK78___ , FORTRAN , 80x86 assembler , ___MASK61___ , JavaScript , Visual Basic , Perl , CGI , HTML , SQL , Python , PHP , Tcl , Tk and its own syntax highlighter definition language . Other features are code templates and the ability to work with several document windows using the Multiple Document Interface . ConTEXT can integrate compilers to compile source code from within the editor , and run external tools to manipulate loaded files ( e . g . Pretty Printer ). The output of such external programs , e . g . error messages , can be captured for further use . Incremental search and basic regular expressions are supported for searching and replacing . ConTEXT is available in many languages . Pini is known for his text " Ashtadhyayi ", a sutra - style treatise on Sanskrit grammar , estimated to have been completed between 6th and 4th century BCE . His 3 , 959 verses on linguistics , syntax and semantics in " eight chapters " is the foundational text of the " Vykaraa " branch of the Vedanga , the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the Vedic period . His aphoristic text attracted numerous " bhasya " ( commentaries ), of which Patanjali ' s " Mahabhasya " is the ___MASK30___ famous in Hindu traditions . His ideas influenced and attracted commentaries from scholars of other Indian religions such as Buddhism . Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity . This covers the ancient Mediterranean world , particularly ancient ___MASK11___ and ___MASK86___ . It encompasses the study of ancient languages , literature , philosophy , history , and archaeology . Traditionally in the West , the study of the Greek and ___MASK55___ classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a necessary part of a rounded education . Since the 20th century , however , Classics is no longer a part of a typical elite education .