country_of_citizenship graham bell 
Bedding , also known as bedclothes or bed linen , is the materials laid above the mattress of a bed for hygiene , warmth , protection of the mattress , and decorative effect . Bedding is the removable and washable portion of a human sleeping environment . Multiple sets of bedding for each bed will often be washed in rotation and / or changed seasonally to improve sleep comfort at varying room temperatures . In ___MASK60___ English , the word " bedding " generally does not include the mattress , bed frame , or bed base ( such as box - spring ), while in ___MASK37___ English it does . In Australian and ___MASK82___ English , bedding is often called manchester . A quilt is a multi - layered textile , traditionally composed of three layers of fiber : a woven cloth top , a layer of batting or wadding , and a woven back , combined using the technique of quilting , the process of sewing the three layers together . Occasionally , the three layers of the quilt are tied together using evenly spaced knots rather than sewn . This unique process of binding three layers of fiber together distinguishes quilts from other types of blankets , although in modern ___MASK37___ English , an unquilted duvet or comforter may also be called a " quilt ." Historically , quilts were frequently used as bedcovers ; this use persists today , but in the twenty - first century , quilts are also frequently displayed as non - utilitarian works of art . The Republic of ___MASK81___ , " Lýðveldið Ísland " in Icelandic , is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean . It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two - thirds of the population . ___MASK81___ is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . ___MASK81___ is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . Inuit ( pronounced or ; Inuktitut : , " the people ") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of ___MASK83___ , ___MASK14___ and Alaska . Inuit is a plural noun ; the singular is Inuk . The oral Inuit languages are classified in the Eskimo - Aleut family . Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate spoken in Nunavut . The Danish ___MASK31___ is a ___MASK31___ comprising Denmark proper , The Faroe Islands and Greenland . A zipper , zip , fly , or zip fastener , formerly known as a clasp locker , is a commonly used device for binding the edges of an opening of fabric or other flexible material , like on a garment or a bag . It is used in clothing ( e . g ., jackets and jeans ), luggage and other bags , sporting goods , camping gear ( e . g . tents and sleeping bags ), and other items . Whitcomb L . Judson was an ___MASK60___ inventor from Chicago who invented and constructed a workable zipper . The method , still in use today , is based on interlocking teeth . Initially it was called the  hookless fastener  and was later redesigned to become more reliable . The ___MASK37___ Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a ___MASK37___ public service broadcaster . It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London , is the world ' s oldest national broadcasting organisation , and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees , with over 20 , 950 staff in total , of whom 16 , 672 are in public sector broadcasting ; including part - time , flexible as well as fixed contract staff , the total number is 35 , 402 . A sleeping bag is an insulated covering for a person , essentially a lightweight quilt that can be closed with a zipper or similar means to form a tube , which functions as lightweight , portable bedding in situations where a person is sleeping outdoors ( e . g . when camping , hiking , hill walking or climbing ). Its primary purpose is to provide warmth and thermal insulation through its synthetic or down insulation . It also typically has a water - resistant or water - repellent cover that protects , to some extent , against wind chill and light precipitation , but a tent is usually used in addition to a sleeping bag , as it performs those functions better . The bottom surface also provides some cushioning , but a sleeping pad or camp cot is usually used in addition for that purpose . The bottom surface of a sleeping bag may be moderately water repellent , but a plastic tarp or groundsheet is often used to protect against moist ground . Graham Bell ( born 4 January 1966 ) is a former Olympic skier who is also a TV presenter , adventurer and journalist . He has presented several BBC TV shows with Ed Leigh including High Altitude in 2009 and Ski Sunday more recently . Highlights included Graham tackling the Arctic Circle Race ; a 160 mi ( 260 km ) cross - country skiing race in ___MASK83___ ; and surviving a night in a snow - hole without food , water or a sleeping bag . He set a personal best top speed on skis of 121 mph ( 195 km / h ) . Ski Sunday is the BBC Sports weekly magazine - style television show covering winter sports , broadcast in the ___MASK49___ on Sundays in a late afternoon or an early evening time - slot . It began in 1978 , and is currently presented by Graham Bell and Ed Leigh . Ed Leigh ( born 15 July 1975 ) is a ___MASK37___ sports presenter , snowboarder , and commentator . Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of ___MASK89___ ' s streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is HO , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ). It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . ___MASK67___ (; Norwegian : ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom of ___MASK67___ , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub - Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . ___MASK67___ also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands ( since 1035 ), Greenland ( 1261 ), and ___MASK81___ ( 1262 ). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . Hiking is the preferred term , in ___MASK14___ and the United States , for a long , vigorous walk , usually on trails ( footpaths ), in the countryside , while the word walking is used for shorter , particularly urban walks . On the other hand , in the ___MASK49___ , and the Republic of Ireland , the word " walking " is acceptable to describe " all forms " of walking , whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps . The word hiking is also often used in the UK , along with rambling ( a slightly old - fashioned term ), hillwalking , and fell walking ( a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England ). In New Zealand a long , vigorous walk or hike is called tramping . It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide , and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits . The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of ___MASK89___ . The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean , adjacent seas , and parts of Alaska ( United States ), ___MASK14___ , Finland , Greenland ( Denmark ), Iceland , Norway , Russia , and Sweden . Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover , with predominantly treeless permafrost - containing tundra . Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places . ___MASK83___ is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish ___MASK31___ between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , ___MASK83___ has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and Denmark , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island .