place_of_birth nizier anthelme philippe
The ___MASK100___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". A ___MASK1___ ( from ) is a sovereign state , country , or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law . In modern times , the definition of a ___MASK1___ commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch . Currently , 147 of the world ' s 206 sovereign states use the word " ___MASK1___ " as part of their official names ; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments , nor do all nations with elected governments use the word " ___MASK1___ " in their names . The ___MASK47___ is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain , Scandinavia , ___MASK37___ , the Netherlands , Belgium , and France . An epeiric ( or " shelf ") sea on the European continental shelf , it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north . It is more than long and wide , with an area of around . The name Western Alps refers to the western part ___MASK46___ the ___MASK45___ range . The term has different meanings according to the classification ___MASK46___ the Alps in use . The peaks and mountain passes are higher compared to the Eastern Alps , while the range itself is not so broad and more arched . Anthelme Nizier Philippe was born on April 25 , 1849 in Le Rubathier , Loisieux , ___MASK97___ , France , the son of peasants . He was also known as `` Maître Philippe '' or `` Maître Philippe de ___MASK4___ '' . His mother was Marie Vachod ( 1823 -- 1899 ) and his father Joseph Philippe ( 1819 -- 1898 ) . From the age of fourteen he stayed with his uncle Vachod , a Butcher in ___MASK4___ . He gained a reputation as a healer by the age of thirteen . He married Jeanne Julie Landar ( 1859 -- 1939 ) on 6 October 1877 in L ' Arbresle . He had a daughter , Jeanne Marie Victoire born on 11 November 1878 . She died on 29 August 1904 aged 25 , just before her seventh wedding anniversary . He refused to heal her , saying that it was Heaven ' s wish that she should go on ahead , and predicted the precise course of her illness and death . `` This death , '' he said , `` has for me been a living crucifixion . '' He soon gained a reputation as a miracle worker amongst Paris occultists . Having been harassed for practicing medicine without a license , he went to St Petersburg where he was awarded his Doctor ' s Diploma in recognition of extraordinary feats of remote healing conducted in St Petersburg . Grand Duchess Militza Nikolaevna of Russia later introduced Philippe to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia in 1901 , and Philippe enjoyed a brief influence over the imperial couple , until he was exposed as a charlatan in 1903 and was expelled from Russia . In October 1884 he presented a paper ( published in French ) entitled `` Principles of Hygiene applicable in Pregnancy , Childbirth and Infancy '' at the University of Cincinnati , Ohio . In recognition of this the University conferred a Doctorate of Medicine on him . Many other academic and social honours were conferred on him during the 1880s and 1890s in France and Italy . Philippe himself died on 2 August 1905 at the age of 56 , in L ' Arbresle , Rhône , France where he was living . He was buried in the cemetery of Loyasse , in ___MASK4___ ( France ) . ___MASK26___ ( Gascon Occitan : "") is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern ___MASK75___ . The Mediterranean Sea ( pronounced ) is a sea connected to the ___MASK100___ , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and ___MASK43___ , on the south by North Africa , and on the east by the Levant . The sea is sometimes considered a part of the ___MASK100___ , although it is usually identified as a separate body of water . ___MASK7___ ( French : ) is the capital and ___MASK64___ populous city of France . It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2 , 229 , 621 within its administrative limits . The city is both a commune and department , and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île - de - France , or ___MASK7___ Region , which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12 , 005 , 077 , comprising 18 . 2 percent of the population of France . ___MASK4___ or ( more archaically ) Lyons ( or ) is a city in east - central France , in the Auvergne - Rhône - Alpes region , about from Paris and from Marseille . Inhabitants of the city are called " Lyonnais ". The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency ___MASK46___ the eurozone , which consists ___MASK46___ 19 ___MASK46___ the member states ___MASK46___ the European Union : Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , ___MASK31___ , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , ___MASK30___ , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions ___MASK46___ the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside ___MASK46___ Europe , a number ___MASK46___ overseas territories ___MASK46___ EU members also use the euro as their currency . The ___MASK69___ (; Walliser German : " Rotten " ) is one of the major rivers of Europe , rising in the ___MASK69___ Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss ___MASK89___ , passing through ___MASK44___ and running through southeastern France . At ___MASK42___ , near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea , the river divides into two branches , known as the Great ___MASK69___ ( French : " Le Grand ___MASK69___ ") and the Little ___MASK69___ (" Le Petit ___MASK69___ "). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region . ___MASK69___ - Alpes ( Arpitan : ""; ) is a former administrative region of France . Since 1 January 2016 , it is part of the new region Auvergne - ___MASK69___ - Alpes . It is located on the eastern border of the country , towards the south . The region was named after the ___MASK69___ and the Alps mountain range . Its capital , ___MASK4___ , is the second - largest metropolitan area in France after Paris . ___MASK69___ - Alpes has the sixth - largest economy of any European region . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part ___MASK46___ Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the ___MASK100___ to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides ___MASK46___ the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways ___MASK46___ the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders ___MASK46___ Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current ___MASK10___ boundaries . The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by their religious , spiritual , or philosophical beliefs , or common interest in a particular personality , object or goal . The term itself is controversial and has divergent definitions in popular culture and in academia and has been an ongoing source ___MASK46___ contention among scholars across several fields ___MASK46___ study . In the sociological classifications ___MASK46___ religious movements , a cult is a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices , although this is often unclear . Other researchers present a less - organized picture ___MASK46___ cults on the basis that cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices . The word " cult " has always been controversial because it is ( in a pejorative sense ) considered a subjective term , used as an " ad hominem " attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices . Cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions . The English Channel (" the Sleeve " [ hence ] " Sea ___MASK46___ Brittany " " British Sea "), also called simply the Channel , is the body ___MASK46___ water that separates southern ___MASK98___ from northern France , and joins the southern part ___MASK46___ the North Sea to the rest ___MASK46___ the Atlantic Ocean . The ___MASK81___ or ___MASK81___ Viennois , formerly Dauphiny in English , is a former province in southeastern ___MASK75___ , whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of ___MASK74___ , Drôme , and Hautes - Alpes . The ___MASK81___ was originally the County of Albon . ___MASK95___ is a city in northern ___MASK75___ , in French Flanders . On the Deûle River , near ___MASK75___ ' s border with Belgium , it is the capital of the Hauts - de - ___MASK75___ region and the prefecture of the Nord department . The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss ___MASK78___ ___MASK46___ ___MASK77___ in the southeastern Swiss Alps , forms part ___MASK46___ the Swiss - Austrian , Swiss - Liechtenstein , Swiss - German and then the Franco - German border , then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands . The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne , Germany , with a population ___MASK46___ more than 1 , 050 , 000 people . It is the second - longest river in Central and Western Europe ( after the Danube ), at about , with an average discharge ___MASK46___ about . A supermarket , a large form ___MASK46___ the traditional grocery store , is a self - service shop offering a wide variety ___MASK46___ food and household products , organized into aisles . It is larger and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store , but is smaller and more limited in the range ___MASK46___ merchandise than a hypermarket or big - ___MASK82___ market . ___MASK48___ ( Arpitan : " Savouè ", Italian : " Savoia " , English : " Savoy " ) is a French department in the Auvergne - Rhône - Alpes region of the French Alps . The Lyonnais is a historical province ___MASK46___ ___MASK75___ which owes its name to the city ___MASK46___ ___MASK4___ . ___MASK67___ ( pronounced or ), officially called Guiana , is an overseas department and region of ___MASK75___ , located on the north Atlantic coast of ___MASK90___ in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km , with half of its 244 , 118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region of ___MASK75___ and the largest outermost region within the European Union . ___MASK97___ is a cultural region in southeast France . It comprises roughly the territory of the Western Alps between ___MASK44___ in the north and Dauphiné in the south . ___MASK19___ (, , , ) is the second ___MASK64___ populous city in Switzerland ( after Zürich ) and is the ___MASK64___ populous city of Romandy , the French - speaking part of Switzerland . Situated where the Rhône exits ___MASK44___ , it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of ___MASK19___ . ___MASK44___ ( or ' , sometimes ' ) is a lake on the north side of the Alps , shared between Switzerland and France . It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône . 59 . 53 % of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland ( cantons of Vaud , Geneva , and Valais ), and 40 . 47 % under France ( department of Haute - ___MASK48___ ). ___MASK75___ , officially the French ___MASK1___ , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of ___MASK75___ extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas ___MASK75___ include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK75___ spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential ___MASK1___ with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . ___MASK27___ is the ___MASK23___ ___MASK46___ the southwestern French department ___MASK46___ Haute - Garonne , as well as ___MASK46___ the Occitanie region . The city lies on the ___MASK3___ ___MASK46___ the River Garonne , from the Mediterranean Sea , from the Atlantic Ocean , and from Paris . It is the fourth - largest city in France with 466 , 297 inhabitants in January 2014 . The ___MASK27___ Metro area is , with 1 312 304 inhabitants as ___MASK46___ 2014 , France ' s 4th metropolitan area after Paris , Lyon and Marseille and ahead ___MASK46___ Lille and Bordeaux . Loisieux is a commune in the ___MASK48___ department in the Auvergne - Rhône - Alpes region in south - eastern France . A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals , dress their flesh , sell their meat or do any combination ___MASK46___ these three tasks . They may prepare standard cuts ___MASK46___ meat and poultry for ___MASK41___ in retail or wholesale food establishments . A butcher may be employed by supermarkets , grocery stores , butcher shops and fish markets , slaughter house , or may be self - employed . ___MASK29___ (; Niçard , classical norm , or "", nonstandard , ) is the fifth ___MASK64___ populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes - Maritimes " département ". The urban area of ___MASK29___ extends beyond the administrative city limits , with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the ___MASK72___ , on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea , at the foot of the Alps , ___MASK29___ is the second - largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second - largest city in the Provence - Alpes - Côte d ' Azur region after Marseille . ___MASK29___ is about 13 kilometres ( 8 miles ) from the principality of ___MASK39___ , and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well .