date_of_birth claudius silvanus
France , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans and had a total population of almost ___MASK45___ million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . Constans ( c . 323  ___MASK21___ ) or Constans I was Roman Emperor from ___MASK33___ to ___MASK21___ . He defeated his brother Constantine II in 340 , but anger in the army over his personal life and preference for his barbarian bodyguards led the general Magnentius to rebel , resulting in the assassination of Constans in ___MASK21___ . Gaius Julius Caesar ( 13 July ___MASK83___ BC  15 March 44 BC ), known as Julius Caesar , was a Roman politician , general , and notable author of Latin prose . He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire . The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps , forms part of the Swiss - Austrian , Swiss - Liechtenstein , Swiss - German and then the Franco - German border , then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands . The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne , Germany , with a population of more than ___MASK78___ , 050 , 000 people . It is the second - longest river in Central and Western Europe ( after the Danube ), at about , with an average discharge of about . The Cimbri were an ancient people , either Germanic or Celtic who , together with the Teutones and the Ambrones , fought the Roman Republic between ___MASK94___ and 101 BC . The Cimbri were initially successful , particularly at the Battle of Arausio , in which a large Roman army was routed , after which they raided large areas in Gaul and Hispania . In 101 BC , during an attempted invasion of Italy , the Cimbri were decisively defeated by Gaius Marius , and their king , Boiorix , was killed . Some of the surviving captives are reported to have been among the rebelling Gladiators in the Third Servile War . Gaul ( Latin : " Gallia ") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes , encompassing present day France , Luxembourg , Belgium , most of Switzerland , Northern Italy , as well as the parts of the Netherlands , Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine . It covered an area of ___MASK71___ , 800 mi² or ___MASK49___ , 169 km² . According to the testimony of Julius Caesar , Gaul was divided into three parts : Gallia Celtica , Belgica and Aquitania . Archaeologically , the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture , which extended across all of Gaul , as well as east to Raetia , Noricum , Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC . During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC , Gaul fell under Roman rule : Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC . Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons , who were in turn defeated by the Romans by ___MASK41___ BC . Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of ___MASK66___ to 51 BC . The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland , where thousands of objects had been deposited in the lake , as was discovered after the water level dropped in ___MASK80___ . La Tène is the type site and the term archaeologists use for the later period of the culture and art of the ancient Celts , a term that is firmly entrenched in the popular understanding , but presents numerous problems for historians and archaeologists . The culture became very widespread , and presents a wide variety of local differences . It is often distinguished from earlier and neighbouring cultures mainly by the La Tène style of Celtic art , characterized by curving " swirly " decoration , especially of metalwork . The Iron Age is an archaeological era , referring to a period of time in the prehistory and protohistory of the Old World ( Afro - Eurasia ) when the dominant toolmaking material was iron . It is commonly preceded by the Bronze Age in Europe and Asia with exceptions and the Stone Age in Africa . Meteoric iron has been used by humans since at least 3200 BC , but ancient iron production did not become widespread until the ability to smelt iron ore , remove impurities and regulate the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed . The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around ___MASK15___ BC to 600 BC , depending on the region . In most parts of the world , its end is defined by the widespread adoption of writing , and therefore marks the transition from prehistory to history . Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about ___MASK95___ million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch - speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French - speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German - speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Claudius Silvanus ( died ___MASK32___ September 355 ) was a Roman general of Frankish descent , usurper in Gaul against Emperor Constantius II for 28 days in AD 355 . Northern Italy is a cultural and geographical region , without any administrative purpose , used to indicate the northern part of the Italian state , also informally referred as " Il Nord ", " Settentrione " or " Alta Italia ". It consists of ___MASK61___ regions in northern Italy : Aosta Valley , Piedmont , Liguria , Lombardy , Emilia - Romagna , Veneto , Friuli - Venezia Giulia , Trentino - Alto Adige / Südtirol . According to the 2011 census , its population was 27 , ___MASK68___ , 372 . For statistic purposes , the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ( ISTAT ) uses the term Northwest Italy and Northeast Italy for identifying two of the five statistical regions in its reporting . These same subdivisions are used to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics ( NUTS ) regions (" NUTS ___MASK78___ regions ") within the European Union , and the Italian constituencies for the European Parliament . Raetia ( or , , also spelled Rhaetia ) was a province of the Roman Empire , named after the Rhaetian (" Raeti " or " Rhaeti ") people . It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii , on the east with Noricum , on the north with Vindelicia , on the west with Transalpine Gaul and on south with Venetia et Histria . It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland ( containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance ), southern Bavaria and the Upper Swabia , Vorarlberg , the greater part of Tirol , and part of Lombardy . Later Vindelicia ( today south - eastern Wuerttemberg and south - western Bavaria ) formed part of Raetia . The northern border of Raetia during the times of Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube . Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary , stretching for ___MASK82___ km north of the Danube . Raetia linked to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass , by the Via Claudia Augusta . The Romansh people living in Southeast Switzerland are believed to be direct descendants of the Raetians . However , the exact lineage of the Romansh ( or Romansch ) people remains incomplete . Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , Italy shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , San Marino and Vatican City . Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in Italy as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With ___MASK63___ million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . Flavia Maxima Fausta ( ___MASK5___  326 ) was a Roman Empress , daughter of the Roman Emperor Maximianus . To seal the alliance between them for control of the Tetrarchy , in ___MASK67___ Maximianus married her to Constantine I , who set aside his wife Minervina in her favour . Constantine and Fausta had been betrothed since 293 . The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period ( starting in ___MASK40___ BC ). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history . Often when a given Roman is described as becoming " emperor " in English , it reflects his taking of the title " Augustus " or " Caesar ". Another title often used was " imperator ", originally a military honorific . Early Emperors also used the title " princeps " ( first citizen ). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles , notably " Princeps Senatus ", " Consul " and " Pontifex Maximus ". Constantius II ( ___MASK32___ August 317  3 November 361 ) was Roman Emperor from ___MASK33___ to 361 . The second son of Constantine I and Fausta , he ascended to the throne with his brothers Constantine II and Constans upon their father ' s death . Noricum is the Latin name for a Celtic kingdom , or federation of tribes , that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia . In the first century AD , it became a province of the Roman Empire . Its borders were the Danube to the north , " Raetia " and " Vindelicia " to the west , Pannonia to the east and southeast , and " Italia " (" Venetia et Histria ") to the south . The kingdom was founded around ___MASK25___ BC , and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg .