continent hoverla
Russia ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in ___MASK32___ . At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European Russia . Russia ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . Ukraine ( tr . ) is a sovereign state in Eastern ___MASK36___ , bordered by Russia to the east and northeast , Belarus to the northwest , Poland and Slovakia to the west , Hungary , Romania , and Moldova to the southwest , and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast , respectively . Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within ___MASK36___ and the 46th largest country in the world . It has a population of about 44 . 5 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . The Sea of Azov (" Azovs ' ke more / Azovke more ") is a sea in Eastern ___MASK36___ . To the south it is linked by the narrow ( about ) Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea , and it is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea . The sea is bounded in the north by mainland Ukraine , in the east by Russia , and in the west by the Crimean Peninsula . The Don and Kuban are the major rivers that flow into it . The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world , with the depth varying between . There is a constant outflow of water from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea . The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern ___MASK36___ , making them the second - longest mountain range in ___MASK36___ ( after the Scandinavian Mountains ). Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central ___MASK36___ . It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium - sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world . Hungary ' s capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as an Alpha - global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Gyr . The Pinaceae ( pine family ) are trees or shrubs , including many of the well - known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars , firs , hemlocks , larches , pines and spruces . The family is included in the order Pinales , formerly known as Coniferales . Pinaceae are supported as monophyletic by their protein - type sieve cell plastids , pattern of proembryogeny , and lack of bioflavonoids . They are the largest extant conifer family in species diversity , with between 220 and 250 species ( depending on taxonomic opinion ) in 11 genera , and the second - largest ( after Cupressaceae ) in geographical range , found in most of the Northern Hemisphere , with the majority of the species in temperate climates , but ranging from subarctic to tropical . The family often forms the dominant component of boreal , coastal , and montane forests . One species , " Pinus merkusii ", grows just south of the equator in Southeast ___MASK20___ . Major centres of diversity are found in the mountains of southwest China , Mexico , central Japan , and California . Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern ___MASK36___ . It borders the Black Sea , Bulgaria , Ukraine , Hungary , Serbia , and Moldova . It has an area of and a temperate - continental climate . With 19 . 94 million inhabitants , the country is the seventh - most - populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city , Bucharest , with its 1 , 883 , 425 inhabitants is the sixth - largest city in the EU . Slovakia , officially the Slovak Republic , is a landlocked country in Central ___MASK36___ . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia ' s territory spans about and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak , a member of the Slavic language family . Fagaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes beeches and oaks , and comprises eight genera with about 927 species . The Fagaceae are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs , characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation , unisexual flowers in the form of catkins , and fruit in the form of cup - like ( cupule ) nuts . Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present . Leaf characteristics of Fagaceae can be very similar to those of Rosaceae and other rose motif families . Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut , which may consist of one to seven seeds . In the oaks , genus " Quercus ", the fruit is a non - valved nut ( usually containing one seed ) called an acorn . The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits . Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere , as oaks form the backbone of temperate forests in ___MASK33___ , ___MASK36___ , and Asia and one of the most significant sources of wildlife fodder . Moldova ( or sometimes ), or Moldavia , officially the Republic of Moldova , is a landlocked country in Eastern ___MASK36___ , bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north , east , and south . The capital city is Chiinu . ___MASK33___ is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere . It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of ___MASK47___ . It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean , and to the southeast by ___MASK9___ and the Caribbean Sea . The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern ___MASK36___ and Western Asia , bounded by Bulgaria , Georgia , Romania , Russia , Turkey , and Ukraine . It is supplied by a number of major rivers , such as the Danube , Dnieper , Rioni , Southern Bug , and Dniester . The Black Sea has an area of ( not including the Sea of Azov ), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east , and features a wide shelf to the northwest . The longest east - west extent is about . Mount Hoverla ( Cyrillic :  , Hoverla ; Hungarian : Hóvár ; Romanian : Hovârla ; Goverla , Polish : Howerla ) at 2 , 061 metres ( 6 , 762 ft ) , is the highest mountain in Ukraine and part of the Carpathian Mountains . The mountain is located in the Eastern Beskides , in the Chornohora region . The slopes are covered with beech and spruce forests , above which there is a belt of sub - alpine meadows called polonyna in Ukrainian . At the eastern slope there is the main spring of the Prut River . The name is of Old Hungarian origin and means ' snow mountain ' . Hoverla is composed of sandstone , a sedimentary rock type . The date of the first ascent is unknown . In late 19th century the mountain became a notable tourist attraction , especially among tourists from nearby cities of Galicia . In 1880 the first tourist route between the peak of Hoverla and Krasny Luh was marked by Leopold Wajgel of the Galician Tatra Society . The following year the first tourist shelter was founded there . In the 20th century the mountain increasingly gained popularity as an extreme sports site . Some routes are classified as 1A in the winter period ( from late autumn to May ) , according to the USSR grading system . Nowadays because of its prominence too many unskilled extreme - lovers are taking attempts to climb it in winter , resulting in regular frostbite or even deaths . The most popular approach to the summit starts from the tour - basa Zaroslach on the mountain ' s east face and gains more than 3 , 600 vertical feet ( 1 , 100 meters ) along a steep path with few switchbacks . In October 2007 the new Right pro - Russian ___MASK32___ Party - affiliated `` Eurasian Youth Union '' vandalized the official Ukrainian state symbols that had been placed on the summit of Mount Hoverla . ___MASK36___ is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . ___MASK36___ is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , ___MASK36___ is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of ___MASK36___  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to ___MASK36___ also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . ___MASK20___ is Earth ' s largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of ___MASK36___ . ___MASK20___ covers an area of , about 30 % of Earth ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % of the Earth ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . ___MASK20___ is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4 . 4 billion people . Fagus orientalis , commonly known as the Oriental beech , is a deciduous tree in the beech family Fagaceae . It is native to ___MASK32___ , in Eastern ___MASK36___ and Western Asia . Beech (" Fagus ") is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae , native to temperate ___MASK36___ , Asia and North America . Recent classification systems of the genus recognize ten to thirteen species in two distinct subgenera , " Engleriana " and " Fagus ". The " Engleriana " subgenus is found only in East Asia , and is notably distinct from the " Fagus " subgenus in that these beeches are low - branching trees , often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark . Further differentiating characteristics include the whitish bloom on the underside of the leaves , the visible tertiary leaf veins , and a long , smooth cupule - peduncle . " Fagus japonica ", " Fagus engleriana ", and the species " F . okamotoi ", proposed by the botanist Chung - Fu Shen in 1992 , comprise this subgenus . The better known " Fagus " subgenus beeches are high - branching with tall , stout trunks and smooth silver - grey bark . This group includes " Fagus sylvatica ", " Fagus grandifolia ", " Fagus crenata ", " Fagus lucida ", " Fagus longipetiolata ", and " Fagus hayatae ". The classification of the European beech , " Fagus sylvatica " is complex , with a variety of different names proposed for different species and subspecies within this region ( for example " Fagus taurica ", " Fagus orientalis ", and " Fagus moesica "). Research suggests that beeches in Eurasia differentiated fairly late in evolutionary history , during the Miocene . The populations in this area represent a range of often overlapping morphotypes , though genetic analysis does not clearly support separate species . Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central ___MASK36___ , situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic Sea , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in ___MASK36___ . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in ___MASK36___ and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea , a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae , found in the northern temperate and boreal ( taiga ) regions of the earth . Spruces are large trees , from about 20  60 m ( about 60  200 ft ) tall when mature , and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form . The needles , or leaves , of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion , each needle on a small , peg - like structure . The needles are shed when 4  10 years old , leaving the branches rough with the retained pegs ( an easy means of distinguishing them from other similar genera , where the branches are fairly smooth ). Eastern ___MASK36___ , also known as East ___MASK36___ , is the eastern part of the European continent . There is no consensus on the precise area it covers , partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical , geographical , cultural , and socioeconomic connotations . There are " almost as many definitions of Eastern ___MASK36___ as there are scholars of the region ". A related United Nations paper adds that " every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct ". Belarus ( lat . ',      ), officially the Republic of Belarus , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia ( though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself , even in Russian language ), is a landlocked country in Eastern ___MASK36___ bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40 % of its is forested . Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern - day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire .