occupation linda solomon
New Orleans ( or ) is a ___MASK72___ United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana . The population of the city was 343 , 829 as of the 2010 U . S . Census . The New Orleans metropolitan area ( New Orleans  Metairie  Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area ) had a population of 1 , 167 , 764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States . The New Orleans  Metairie  Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area , a larger trading area , had a 2010 population of 1 , 452 , 502 . West Africa , also called Western Africa and the West of Africa , is the westernmost subregion of Africa . West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries : Benin , Burkina Faso , the island nation of Cape Verde , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea - Bissau , Ivory Coast , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Nigeria , the island of ___MASK66___ Helena , Senegal , Sierra Leone , São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo . Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( 30 October 1885  1 November 1972 ) was an expatriate American ___MASK42___ and critic , and a ___MASK72___ figure in the early modernist movement . His contribution to poetry began with his development of Imagism , a movement derived from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry , stressing clarity , precision and economy of language . His best - known works include " Ripostes " ( 1912 ), " Hugh Selwyn Mauberley " ( 1920 ) and the unfinished 120 - section epic , " The Cantos " ( 1917  1969 ). African - American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans . Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans ___MASK97___ to the American Civil War . Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival . The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that . Some types of folk music are also called world music . " Traditional folk music " has been defined in several ways : as music transmitted orally , music with unknown composers , or music performed by custom over a long period of time . It has been contrasted with ___MASK68___ and classical styles . ' Linda Solomon ( born May 10 , 1937 , Boston , Massachusetts ) is an American ___MASK30___ and ___MASK67___ . Although she has written about various aspects of popular culture , her main focus has been on folk music , blues , R & B , jazz and country music . Living at 95 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village during the early 1960s , she became a columnist for The Village Voice , capturing Village night life in club reviews for the weekly `` Riffs '' column . `` The Bet '' is a memoir by Ted White describing Harlan Ellison , Linda Solomon and others involved in a curious incident at 95 Christopher in 1960 . White wrote : That summer Harlan found his own apartment -- three doors up the street , in a building with an elevator . And he met a woman , Linda Solomon , who also lived in the same building . Linda would go on to a career of her own in writing and editing , but that was mostly ahead of her in 1960 . Linda had a small but well - selected record collection , containing a goodly amount of jazz . A dispute over the bandleader on one record in Solomon ' s collection prompted Ellison to bet his entire record collection against a single album in White ' s collection . Ellison also mentioned her briefly in his memoir `` Memos From Purgatory . '' A chant ( from French ', from Latin ', " to sing ") is the rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds , often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones . Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures , often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases , such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant . Chant may be considered speech , music , or a heightened or stylized form of speech . In the later Middle Ages some ___MASK50___ chant evolved into song ( forming one of the roots of later Western music ). Ragtime  also spelled rag - time or rag time  is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918 . Its ___MASK39___ trait is its syncopated , or " ragged ", rhythm . The genre has its origins in African - American communities like St . Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano . Ernest Hogan ( 1865  1909 ) was a ___MASK80___ of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music . The composition was called " LA Pas Ma LA " and it was released in 1895 . Hogan has also been credited for coining the term " ragtime ". The term is actually derived from his hometown " Shake Rag " in Bowling Green , Kentucky . Ben Harney , who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public . His first ragtime composition " You ' ve been a good old wagon but you done broke " helped popularize the musical genre . The composition was published in 1895 but released in 1896 . Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa , with additional polyrhythms coming from African music . The ragtime ___MASK75___ Scott Joplin (" ca ." 1868  1917 ) became famous through the publication of the " Maple Leaf Rag " ( 1899 ) and a string of ragtime hits such as " The ___MASK60___ " ( 1902 ), although he was later forgotten by all but a small , dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s . For at least 12 years after its publication , " Maple Leaf Rag " heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines , harmonic progressions or metric patterns . A ___MASK78___ is someone who writes for publication in a series , creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions . Rhythm and blues , often abbreviated as ___MASK65___ & B or RnB , is a genre of popular African - American music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a time when " urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat " was becoming more popular . In the ___MASK68___ rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . ___MASK65___ & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African - American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and sex . The term musical form ( or musical ___MASK63___ ) refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music , and it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections . In the tenth edition of " The Oxford Companion to Music ", Percy Scholes defines musical form as " a series of strategies designed to find a successful mean between the opposite extremes of unrelieved repetition and unrelieved alteration ." The Deep South is a cultural and geographic subregion in the Southern United States . Historically , it is differentiated from the " Upper South " as being the states most dependent on plantation - type agriculture and considered ___MASK93___ societies during the pre  Civil War period . The Deep South was also commonly referred to as the Lower South or the Cotton States , for their production of cotton as the primary commodity crop . The Southern United States , commonly referred to as the American South , Dixie , or simply the South , is a region of the ___MASK5___ . The South does not exactly match the geographic south , but is predominantly located in the southeastern corner ; Arizona and New Mexico , which are geographically in the southern part of the country , are rarely considered part of the Southern United States , while West Virginia , which separated from Virginia in 1863 , commonly is . Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries . While the states of Delaware and Maryland , as well as the District of Columbia permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War , they remained with the Union . Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s , they became more culturally , economically , and politically aligned with the industrial Northern states , and are often identified as part of the Mid - Atlantic and / or Northeast by many residents , businesses , public institutions , and private organizations . However , the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South . Popular culture or pop culture is the entirety of ideas , perspectives , attitudes , images , and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture , especially Western culture of the early to mid 20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century . Heavily influenced by mass media , this collection of ideas permeates the everyday lives of the society . The most common pop culture categories are : ___MASK62___ ( movies , music , television , games ), sports , news ( as in people / places in news ), politics , fashion / clothes , technology , and slang . Popular culture has a way of influencing an individual ' s attitudes towards certain topics . Improvisation is broad term referring to the process of devising an atypical method of solving a problem due to lack of time or resources . In a technical context , this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for , or building a device from unusual components in an ad - hoc ___MASK25___ . Improvisation , within the context of performing arts , is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation . The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties , across all artistic , scientific , physical , cognitive , academic , and non - academic disciplines . Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized ___MASK45___ states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . Appalachia is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama , Mississippi and Georgia . While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle ( Newfoundland and Labrador ) in ___MASK49___ to Cheaha ___MASK32___ in Alabama , the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range . As of the 2010 United States Census , the region was home to approximately 25 million people . Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31 , 1923  November 10 , 2007 ) was an American ___MASK20___ , ___MASK37___ , essayist , playwright , film - maker , actor , and political activist . His novel " The Naked and the Dead " was published in 1948 . His best - known work was widely considered to be " The Executioner ' s Song ", which was published in 1979 , and for which he won one of his two Pulitzer Prizes . In addition to the Pulitzer Prize , his book " Armies of the Night " was awarded the National Book Award . James Lewis Hoberman ( born March 14 , 1949 ), also known as J . Hoberman , is an American ___MASK23___ . He began at " The Village Voice " during the 1970s , became a full - time staff writer in 1983 , and was the senior ___MASK23___ from 1988 to 2012 . He is also the author of several books . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a ___MASK72___ form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European ___MASK86___ band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". A work song is a piece of music closely connected to a form of work , either sung while ___MASK81___ a task ( usually to coordinate timing ) or a song linked to a task which might be a connected narrative , description , or protest song . Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century . The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions , African - American work songs and European - American folk music . Blues incorporated spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts , chants , and rhymed simple narrative ballads . The blues form , ubiquitous in jazz , rhythm and blues and rock and roll , is characterized by the call - and - response pattern , the blues scale and specific chord progressions , of which the twelve - bar blues is the most common . Blue notes ( or " worried notes "), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch , are also an essential part of the sound . Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance - like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove . The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated ___MASK72___ city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and ___MASK62___ , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world . Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence , which exist in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ), rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ), dynamics ( loudness and softness ), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the " color " of a musical sound ). Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de - emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to ___MASK33___ ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek  (" mousike "; " art of the Muses "). In its most ___MASK59___ form , the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ), the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as " the harmony of the spheres " and " it is music to my ears " point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th - century ___MASK75___ John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , " There is no noise , only sound ." Robert Thomas Christgau ( born April 18 , 1942 ) is an American ___MASK6___ , music ___MASK37___ , and self - proclaimed " Dean of American Rock Critics ". One of the earliest professional rock critics , he spent 37 years as the chief music critic and senior editor for " The Village Voice ", during which time he created the annual Pazz & Jop poll . He has also covered popular music for " Esquire ", " Creem ", " Newsday ", " Playboy ", " Rolling Stone ", " Billboard ", NPR , " Blender ", and " MSN Music ", and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University . IMAGE ( from Imager for Magnetopause - to - Aurora Global Exploration ), or ___MASK64___ 78 , was a NASA MIDEX mission that studied the global response of the Earth ' s magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind . It was launched March 25 , 2000 by a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg AFB and ceased operations in December 2005 . The National Press Foundation ( NPF ) is an American ___MASK36___ organization focused on educational programs for journalists and issuing awards for accomplishment . All programs are free for accepted fellows with expenses covered ; all awards carry cash awards . The National Press Foundation is affiliated with the Council of National ___MASK36___ Organizations . Lynda Barry ( born Linda Jean Barry ; January 2 , 1956 ) is an American ___MASK76___ and author . Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s . It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of United States , such as folk music ( especially Appalachian folk music ), and blues music . Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history . Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos , electric and acoustic guitars , dobros and fiddles as well as harmonicas . According to Lindsey Starnes , the term " country music " gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term " hillbilly music "; it came to encompass Western music , which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots , in the mid - 20th century . The term " country music " is used today to describe many styles and subgenres . The origins of country music are the folk music of working - class Americans , who blended popular songs , Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes , traditional English ballads , and ___MASK40___ songs , and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities . In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute , and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States . The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online ___MASK36___ , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian - born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper ___MASK15___ , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty - one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15 , 000 cash award ( raised from $ 10 , 000 starting in 2017 ). The winner in the public service category of the ___MASK36___ competition is awarded a gold medal . New York University ( NYU ) is a private nonprofit ___MASK3___ university based in New York City . Founded in 1831 , NYU is considered one of the world ' s most influential ___MASK3___ universities . University rankings compiled by " Times Higher Education ", " U . S . News & World Report ", and the " Academic Ranking of World Universities " all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world . NYU is a fundamental part of the creativity , energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan , located with its core in Greenwich Village , and its campuses based throughout New York City . NYU is also a world - class university , operating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai , and 11 global academic centers in Accra , Berlin , Buenos Aires , Florence , London , Madrid , Paris , Prague , Sydney , Tel Aviv , and Washington , D . C . The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper , known for being the country ' s first alternative newsweekly . Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf , Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer , the " Voice " began as a ___MASK26___ for the creative community of New York City . Since its founding , " The Village Voice " has received three Pulitzer Prizes , the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award . Among news sources , " The Village Voice " is known for its combination of in - depth news reporting and arts & culture coverage , with a particular focus on the arts communities of New York City . " The Village Voice " has hosted a broad variety of writers and artists , including writer Ezra Pound , cartoonist Lynda Barry , and art critics Robert Christgau and J . Hoberman . In addition to daily coverage through its website and a weekly print edition that circulates in New York City , the " Voice " issues a weekly digital edition of its magazine . ___MASK77___ or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome ( black - and - white ), or in color , and in two or three dimensions and sound . It can refer to a ___MASK77___ set , a ___MASK77___ program (" TV show "), or the medium of ___MASK77___ transmission . ___MASK77___ is a mass medium , for ___MASK62___ , education , news , and advertising . Greenwich Village , often referred to by locals as simply " the Village ", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan , New York City . Greenwich Village has been known as an artists ' haven , the Bohemian capital , the cradle of the modern ___MASK52___ movement , and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and ' 60s counterculture movements . " Groenwijck ", one of the Dutch names for the village ( meaning " Green District "), was Anglicized to " Greenwich ". Two of New York ' s private colleges , New York University ( NYU ) and the New School , are located in Greenwich Village .