genre limp 
Fat Wreck Chords ( pronounced as if spelled " Fat Records ") is a San Francisco , California - based independent record label , focused on ___MASK32___ . It was started by NOFX lead singer Michael Burkett ( better known as Fat Mike ) and his girlfriend at the time , Erin Burkett , in 1991 . ___MASK88___ is a ___MASK17___ ___MASK62___ that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of ___MASK100___ expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular ___MASK100___ styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American ___MASK100___ parentage with a performance orientation . ___MASK88___ is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . ___MASK88___ has roots in West African cultural and ___MASK100___ expression , and in African - American ___MASK17___ traditions including blues and ___MASK61___ , as well as European military band ___MASK17___ . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". ___MASK36___ music is a ___MASK62___ of ___MASK86___ that originated in its modern form in the Western world as a softer alternative to rock and roll . The terms " ___MASK86___ " and " pop music " are often used interchangeably , although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles . " ___MASK36___ " and " rock " were synonymous terms until the late 1960s , when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other . In ___MASK100___ terminology , tempo (" time " in Italian ; plural : " tempi " ) is the speed or pace of a given piece or subsection thereof , how fast or slow . Tempo is related to meter and is usually measured by beats per minute , with the beats being a division of the measures , though tempo is often indicated by terms which have acquired standard ranges of beats per minute or assumed by convention without indication . Tempo may be separated from articulation , or articulation may be indicated along with tempo , and tempo contributes to the overall texture . While the ability to hold a steady tempo is a desirable skill , tempo is changeable , and often indicated by a conductor or drummer . While practicing , an electronic or mechanical device , a metronome , may indicate the tempo , as one usually works one ' s way up to being able to perform at the proper tempo . In other words it is the speed at which a passage of music is or should be played . Commuter rail , also called suburban rail , is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates between a city centre , and the middle to outer suburbs beyond 15 km ( 10 miles ) and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of commuters  people who ___MASK99___ on a daily basis . Trains operate following a schedule , at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km / h ( 30 to 125 mph ). Distance charges or zone pricing may be used . Warner ___MASK17___ Group ( abbreviated as WMG , commonly referred to as Warner ___MASK17___ ) is an American multinational ___MASK47___ and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City . It is one of the " big three " recording companies and the third largest in the global music industry , next to Universal ___MASK17___ Group ( UMG ) and Sony ___MASK17___ ___MASK47___ ( SME ), being the only American music conglomerate worldwide . Formerly owned by Time Warner , the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until May 2011 , when it announced its privatization and sale to Access Industries , which was completed in July 2011 . With a multibillion - dollar annual turnover , WMG employs in excess of 3 , 500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world . Limp was an American ___MASK36___ punk band formed in 1994 , with strong influences in both ___MASK48___ and ___MASK55___ , hailing from the San Francisco Bay Area . Limp released three studio albums on Honest Don ' s , a subsidiary label of Fat Wreck Chords , as well as an EP released on Fueled by Ramen , before their 2002 breakup . A skinhead is a member of a subculture originating among working class youths in London , England in the 1960s that soon spread to other parts of the United Kingdom , with a second working class skinhead movement spreading worldwide in the 1980s . Motivated by social alienation and class solidarity , skins are defined by their close - cropped or shaven heads and working class clothing such as ___MASK69___ . Martens boots , braces ( known as suspenders in American English ), high - ankle straight - leg jeans , and simple shirts . The movement reached a peak during its 1980s revival but has endured in multiple contexts worldwide since . In guitar ___MASK17___ , especially electric guitar , a power chord ( also fifth chord ) is a colloquial name for a chord that consists of the root note and the fifth . Power chords are commonly played on amplified guitars , especially on electric guitar with distortion . Power chords are a key element of many styles of ___MASK48___ and especially in heavy metal , and ___MASK32___ . NOFX is an American ___MASK32___ band from Los Angeles , California . They were formed in 1983 by vocalist / bassist Fat Mike and guitarist Eric Melvin . Drummer Erik Sandin joined NOFX shortly after , and El Hefe joined the band in 1991 to play lead guitar and trumpet , rounding out the current line - up . Michael John Burkett ( born January 31 , 1967 ), also known as Fat Mike , is an American musician and producer . He is the bassist and lead vocalist for the ___MASK32___ band NOFX and the bassist for the ___MASK32___ supergroup cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes . Also , he was a temporary bassist for the band Against Me !. Fat Mike was born in Newton , Massachusetts . The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous ___MASK14___ agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , ___MASK30___ , media , art , ___MASK72___ , research , technology , education , and ___MASK47___ , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world . ___MASK13___ is a ___MASK17___ ___MASK62___ that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s . The term also denotes the modern ___MASK86___ of Jamaica and its diaspora . A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals " Do the Reggay " was the first popular ___MASK75___ to use the word " reggae ," effectively naming the ___MASK62___ and introducing it to a global audience . While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican ___MASK95___ ___MASK17___ , the term " reggae " more properly denotes a particular ___MASK17___ style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and ___MASK58___ , especially the New Orleans R & B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint , and evolved out of the earlier genres ___MASK55___ and rocksteady . ___MASK13___ usually relates news , social gossip , and political comment . ___MASK13___ spread into a commercialized jazz field , being known first as  Rudie Blues , then  ___MASK55___ , later  Blue Beat , and  Rock Steady . It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat , and the offbeat rhythm section . The immediate origins of reggae were in ___MASK55___ and rock steady ; from the latter , reggae took over the use of the bass as a ___MASK3___ instrument . California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the ___MASK23___ ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U . S ., California is bordered by the other U . S . states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is California ' s most populous city , and the country ' s second largest after New York City . The state also has the nation ' s most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . ___MASK55___ ( Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae . ___MASK55___ combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues . It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off - beat . ___MASK55___ developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster , Clement " Coxsone " Dodd , and Duke Reid formed sound systems to ___MASK37___ American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs . Some suggest ska dates to earlier times , however . In the early 1960s , ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods . Later it became popular with many skinheads . Jamaica is an island ___MASK41___ situated in the Caribbean Sea , consisting of the third - largest island of the Greater Antilles . The island , in area , lies about south of Cuba , and west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the nation - states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ). Jamaica is the fourth - largest island ___MASK41___ in the Caribbean , by area . ___MASK18___ is a music genre that originated in Jamaica around 1966 . A successor of ___MASK55___ and a precursor to reggae , rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads , The Maytals , The Heptones and The Paragons . The term " rocksteady " comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis song " Rock Steady ". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ___MASK55___ dances . The first international rocksteady hit was " Hold Me Tight " ( 1968 ) by the American soul singer Johnny Nash ; it reached number one in Canada . Fueled by Ramen LLC is an American record label owned by Warner ___MASK17___ Group with distribution from one of the company ' s main labels , Atlantic Records . The label , founded in Gainesville , Florida , is now based in New York City . A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes . Often it is a reserve of natural , semi - natural , or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns . Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently , there is a common idea : the conservation of ' wild ___MASK73___ ' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride . An international organization , the International Union for Conservation of ___MASK73___ ( IUCN ), and its World Commission on Protected Areas , has defined " National Park " as its " Category II " type of protected areas . Atlantic Recording Corporation ( simply known as Atlantic Records ) is an American record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson . Over its first 20 years of operation , Atlantic Records earned a reputation as one of the most important American recording labels , specializing in ___MASK88___ , R & B and soul recordings by African - American musicians including Aretha Franklin , Ray Charles , Wilson Pickett , Sam and Dave , Ruth Brown and Otis Redding , a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records . In 1967 , Atlantic Records became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros .- Seven Arts , now the Warner ___MASK17___ Group , and expanded into ___MASK48___ and pop music with releases by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Yes . A ___MASK17___ ___MASK62___ is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of ___MASK17___ as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions . It is to be distinguished from " ___MASK100___ form " and " ___MASK100___ style ", although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably . Recently , academics have argued that categorizing ___MASK17___ by ___MASK62___ is inaccurate and outdated . A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the ___MASK56___ of ___MASK17___ recordings and ___MASK17___ videos . Often , a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks , coordinates the production , manufacture , distribution , ___MASK56___ , promotion , and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and ___MASK17___ videos ; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists (" artists and repertoire " or " A & R "); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers . The term " record label " derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer ' s name , along with other information . ___MASK58___ , often abbreviated as R & B or RnB , is a genre of popular African - American music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a time when " urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat " was becoming more popular . In the commercial ___MASK58___ music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . R & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African - American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and sex . ___MASK32___ ( or simply " punk ") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as " proto - punk " music , ___MASK32___ bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock . Punk bands typically use short or fast - paced songs , with hard - edged melodies and singing styles , stripped - down instrumentation , and often political , anti - establishment lyrics . Punk embraces a DIY ethic ; many bands self - produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels . The San Francisco Bay Area ( referred to locally as the Bay Area ) is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California . The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland , along with smaller ___MASK14___ and rural areas . The Bay Area ' s nine counties are Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . Home to approximately 7 . 65 million people , the nine - county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a network of roads , highways , railroads , bridges , tunnels and commuter rail . The combined statistical area of the region is the second - largest in California ( after the Greater Los Angeles area ), the fifth - largest in the United States , and the 43rd - largest ___MASK14___ area in the world . ___MASK36___ punk ( also known as punk - ___MASK36___ ) is a ___MASK32___ music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of ___MASK32___ with elements of ___MASK36___ music . ___MASK36___ punk typically combines fast ___MASK32___ tempos , power chord changes and loud , distorted electric guitars with ___MASK36___ - influenced melodies and lyrical themes . Cecil Bustamente Campbell OD ( 24 May 1938  8 September 2016 ), known professionally as Prince Buster , was a Jamaican singer - songwriter and producer . The records he released in the 1960s influenced and shaped the course of Jamaican contemporary ___MASK17___ and created a legacy of work that later reggae and ___MASK55___ artists would draw upon . Mento is a style of Jamaican ___MASK59___ that predates and has greatly influenced ___MASK55___ and reggae music . Mento typically features acoustic instruments , such as acoustic guitar , banjo , hand drums , and the ___MASK24___ box  a large mbira in the shape of a box that can be sat on while played . The ___MASK24___ box carries the bass part of the music .