developer gnumed
___MASK18___ PC compatible computers are those similar to the original ___MASK18___ PC , XT , and AT , able to run the same software and support the same expansion cards as those . Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones , or ___MASK18___ clones . They duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture , facilitated by ___MASK18___ ' s choice of commodity hardware components and various manufacturers ' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS firmware using a " clean room design " technique . Columbia Data Products built the first clone of the ___MASK18___ personal computer by a clean room implementation of its BIOS . ___MASK78___ Corporation ( commonly referred to as ___MASK78___ or MS ) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond , Washington , that develops , manufactures , licenses , supports and sells computer software , consumer electronics and personal computers and services . Its best known software products are the ___MASK78___ Windows line of operating systems , ___MASK78___ Office office suite , and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its ___MASK65___ hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the ___MASK78___ Surface tablet lineup . As of 2016 , it was the world ' s largest software maker by revenue , and one of the world ' s most valuable companies . Windows Embedded Compact , formerly Windows Embedded CE and Windows CE , is an operating system subfamily developed by ___MASK78___ as part of its Windows Embedded family of products . Unlike Windows Embedded Standard , which is based on Windows NT , Windows Embedded Compact uses a different hybrid kernel . ___MASK78___ licenses Windows CE to original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ), who can modify and create their own user interfaces and experiences , with Windows CE providing the technical foundation to do so . Windows Phone ( WP ) is a family of mobile operating systems developed by ___MASK78___ for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune . Windows Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language . Unlike Windows Mobile , it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market . It was first launched in October 2010 with Windows Phone 7 . Windows Phone 8 . 1 is the latest public release of the operating system , released to manufacturing on April 14 , 2014 . sed (" stream editor ") is a Unix utility that parses and transforms text , using a simple , compact programming language . sed was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E . McMahon of ___MASK73___ , and is available today for most operating systems . sed was based on the scripting features of the interactive editor ed (" editor ", 1971 ) and the earlier qed (" quick editor ", 1965  66 ). sed was one of the earliest tools to support regular expressions , and remains in use for text processing , most notably with the substitution command . Other options for doing " stream editing " include AWK and Perl . GNUmed is a Free / Libre electronic medical record ( EMR ) for Unix - like systems ( BSD , Linux , and UNIX systems ) , ___MASK78___ Windows , Mac OS X and other platforms . GNUmed aims to provide medical software that respects the privacy of patients and that is based on open standards . GNUmed is based on third party projects such as free software / open source DBMS PostgreSQL and is written mostly in Python . It is supported by a graphical user interface ( GUI ) based on WxPython . The GNUmed practice management is developed and maintained by a community of developers . Linus Benedict Torvalds ( born December 28 , 1969 ) is a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and , for a long time , principal developer , of the Linux kernel ; which became the kernel for operating systems such as the Linux operating system , Android and Chrome OS . He also created the distributed revision control system Git and the diving logging and planning software Subsurface . He was honored , along with Shinya Yamanaka , with the 2012 Millennium Technology Prize by the Technology Academy Finland " in recognition of his creation of a new ___MASK90___ operating system for computers leading to the widely used Linux kernel ". He is also the recipient of the 2014 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award . Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by ___MASK78___ . It includes all Windows operating systems branded " Windows Server ", but not any other ___MASK78___ product . The first Windows server edition to be released under that brand was Windows Server 2003 . However , the first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3 . 1 Advanced Server , followed by Windows NT 3 . 5 Server , Windows NT 4 . 0 Server , and Windows 2000 Server ; the latter was the first server edition to include Active Directory , DNS Server , DHCP Server , Group Policy , as well as many other popular features used today . Windows 9x is a generic term referring to a series of ___MASK78___ Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000 , which were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS - DOS , both of which were updated in subsequent versions . This includes all versions of Windows 95 and Windows 98 . Windows ME is sometimes included . ___MASK93___ is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software . ___MASK93___ is composed wholly of free software , most of which is licensed under the ___MASK68___ ' s own GPL . Unix ( trademarked as UNIX ) is a family of multitasking , multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original ___MASK95___ Unix , developed starting in the 1970s at the ___MASK73___ research center by Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , and others . Linux ( pronounced or , less frequently ) is a Unix - like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open - source software development and distribution . The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 by ___MASK42___ . The ___MASK19___ uses the name GNU / Linux to describe the operating system , which has led to some controversy . Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by ___MASK78___ , the first version of which was released in July 1993 . It is a processor - independent , multiprocessing , multi - user operating system . A Unix - like ( sometimes referred to as UN * X or * nix ) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system , while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification . A Unix - like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell . There is no standard for defining the term , and some difference of opinion is possible as to the degree to which a given operating system or application is " Unix - like ". ___MASK78___ Windows ( or simply Windows ) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed , marketed , and sold by ___MASK78___ . It consists of several families of operating systems , each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC compatible architecture . Active Windows families include Windows NT , Windows Embedded and Windows Phone ; these may encompass subfamilies , e . g . Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) or Windows Server . Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x ; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product , unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile . Windows IoT , formerly Windows Embedded , is a family of operating systems from ___MASK78___ designed for use in embedded systems . ___MASK78___ currently has three different subfamilies of operating systems for embedded devices targeting a wide market , ranging from small - footprint , real - time devices to point of sale ( POS ) devices like kiosks . Windows Embedded operating systems are available to original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ), who make it available to end users preloaded with their hardware , in addition to volume license customers in some cases . The Linux kernel is a monolithic Unix - like computer operating system kernel . The Linux operating system is based on this kernel and deployed on both traditional computer systems such as personal computers and servers , usually in the form of Linux distributions , and on various embedded devices such as routers , wireless ___MASK54___ points , PBXes , set - top boxes , FTA receivers , smart TVs , PVRs and NAS appliances . The Android operating system for tablet computers , smartphones and smartwatches is also based atop the Linux kernel . While the adoption on desktop computers is low , Linux - based operating systems dominate nearly every other segment of computing , from mobile devices to mainframes . , all but two of the world ' s 500 most powerful supercomputers run Linux . The other two run AIX on IBM power 7 hardware . Windows Mobile is a family of mobile operating systems developed by ___MASK78___ for smartphones and Pocket PCs . The ___MASK19___ ( FSF ) is a 501 ( c )( 3 ) non - profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement , which promotes the universal freedom to study , distribute , create , and modify computer software , with the organization ' s preference for software being distributed under copyleft (" share alike ") terms , such as with its own GNU General Public License . The FSF was incorporated in Massachusetts , USA , where it is also based .