color white nights 
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and ___MASK34___ notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". Taylor Edwin Hackford ( born December 31 , 1944 ) is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America . He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for " Teenage Father " ( 1979 ). Hackford went on to direct a number of highly regarded feature films , most notably " An Officer and a Gentleman " ( 1982 ) and " Ray " ( 2004 ), the latter of which saw him nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture . Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe , with two large archipelagos , the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast , two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the ___MASK75___ of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . It is the only European country to have a border with an African country ( Morocco ) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5 % of its population , mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and ___MASK8___ Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Portugal ( Portuguese : ), officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : ), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal  Spain border is long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Twyla Tharp ( born July 1 , 1941 ) is an American dancer , choreographer , and author who lives and works in New York City . In 1966 , she formed her own company Twyla Tharp Dance . Her work often uses classical music , jazz , and contemporary pop music . This name for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film was introduced in 1974 . For the three preceding years it was known as " Short Subjects , Live Action Films ". The term " Short Subjects , Live Action Subjects " was used from 1957 until 1970 . From 1936 until 1956 there were two separate awards , " Best Short Subject , One - reel " and " Best Short Subject , Two - reel ". These categories referred to the running time of the short : a reel of film , in this context , being 1000 feet or less , or about 11 minutes . A third category " Best Short Subject , ___MASK53___ " was used only for 1936 and 1937 . From the initiation of short subject awards for 1932 until 1935 the terms were " Best Short Subject , comedy " and " Best Short Subject , novelty ". Below is a list of Oscar - winning short films . The winning film is listed first , with the other nominated films for that year / category below . The Celtic Sea (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George ' s Channel ; other limits include the Bristol Channel , the English Channel , and the ___MASK75___ of Biscay , as well as adjacent portions of Wales , Cornwall , Devon , and Brittany . The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf , which drops away sharply . The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea . Isabella Fiorella Elettra Giovanna Rossellini ( born 18 June 1952 ) is an Italian actress , filmmaker , author , philanthropist , and model . The daughter of famed Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman and Italian neorealist auteur Roberto Rossellini , she is noted for her successful tenure as a Lancôme model , and for her roles in films such as " ___MASK34___ Velvet " ( 1986 ) and " Death Becomes Her " ( 1992 ). Rossellini also received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in " Crime of the Century " ( 1996 ). White Nights is a 1985 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and choreographed by Twyla Tharp and stars Mikhail Baryshnikov , Gregory Hines , Jerzy Skolimowski , Helen Mirren and Isabella Rossellini . It was shot in Finland , Portugal , the United Kingdom , the Soviet Union and Austria . The film is notable both for the dancing of Hines and Baryshnikov and for the Academy Award winning song `` Say You , Say Me '' by Lionel Richie in 1986 , as well as `` Separate Lives '' performed by Phil Collins and Marilyn Martin and written by Stephen Bishop ( also nominated ) . Taylor Hackford met his future wife , Oscar Award - winning actress Helen Mirren , during the filming of White Nights . Death Becomes Her is a 1992 American ___MASK8___ comedy fantasy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and scripted by David Koepp and Martin Donovan , starring Meryl Streep , Bruce Willis , Goldie Hawn , and Isabella Rossellini . The film focuses on a pair of rivals who drink a magic potion that promises eternal youth .