place_of_death chancey juday
A pond is a body of standing water , either natural or artificial , that is usually smaller than a lake . They may arise naturally in floodplains as part of a river system , or they may be somewhat isolated depressions ( examples include ___MASK45___ pools and prairie potholes ). Usually they contain shallow water with marsh and aquatic plants and animals . A few animals also make their ___MASK57___ in ponds , including both alligators and beavers . The type of life in a pond is generally determined by a combination of factors including water level regime ( particularly depth and duration of flooding ) and nutrient levels , but other factors may also be important , including presence or absence of shading by trees , presence or absence of streams , effects of grazing animals , and salinity . A stream is a body of water with a current , confined within a bed and banks . Depending on its location or certain characteristics , a stream may be referred to as a " bayou ", " beck ", " branch ", " brook ", " burn ", " creek ", " crick ", " ghyll ", " gill ", " kill ", " lick ", " mill race ", " race ", " rill ", " river ", " rivulet ", " run ", " runnel ", " streamage ", " ___MASK79___ ", or " wash ". Limnology (; from Greek  , " limne ", " lake " and  , " logos ", " knowledge "), is the study of inland waters . It is often regarded as a division of ecology or environmental science . It covers the biological , chemical , physical , geological , and other attributes of all inland waters ( running and standing waters , both fresh and saline , natural or man - made ). This includes the study of lakes and ponds , rivers , ___MASK39___ , streams and wetlands . A more recent sub - discipline of limnology , termed landscape limnology , studies , manages , and conserves these aquatic ecosystems using a landscape perspective . A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water , either permanently or seasonally , such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem . The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants , adapted to the unique hydric soil . Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment , principally water purification , flood control , carbon sink and ___MASK82___ stability . Wetlands are also considered the ___MASK68___ biologically diverse of all ecosystems , serving as ___MASK57___ to a wide range of plant and animal life . Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology , a subset of Earth system science , that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems , especially ecosystems . Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology . ___MASK95___ to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties . Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems , and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions . It uses and extends concepts from thermodynamics and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems . A lake is an area of variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ___MASK13___ , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . ___MASK68___ lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams . Chancey Juday ( 5 May 1871 -- 29 March 1944 ) together with G . Evelyn ___MASK1___ , and his close collaborator , Edward A . Birge were pioneers of North American limnology . Birge and Juday founded an influential school of limnology on Lake Mendota at the University of ___MASK12___ . Edward Birge hired Chancey Juday through this program to help him take samples of lakes in ___MASK12___ . Their main sampling took place on Lake Mendota . The two , Juday and Birge , studied dissolved oxygen and temperature , leading future limnologists to a better understanding of stratification . Juday , born 5 May 1871 at Millersburg , Indiana , completed his A . B . ( 1896 ) and A . M . ( 1897 ) degrees at Indiana University . Many years later he was also awarded an honorary LL . D . Juday was one of the founders of the Limnological Society of America , serving as its president for two years . He was awarded the Leidy Award ( 1943 ) by the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences , . Juday died 29 March 1944 , but in 1950 shared posthumously the Einar Naumann Medal of the International Association of Limnology with Birge . A river is a natural flowing watercourse , usually ___MASK3___ , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another river . In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the United States , " burn " in Scotland and northeast England , and " beck " in northern England . Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . ___MASK72___ Evelyn Hutchinson ( January 30 , 1903  May 17 , 1991 ), was an American ecologist sometimes described as the " father of modern ecology ." He contributed for more than sixty years to the fields of limnology , systems ecology , radiation ecology , entomology , genetics , biogeochemistry , a mathematical theory of population growth , art history , philosophy , religion , and anthropology . He worked on the passage of phosphorus through lakes , the chemistry and biology of lakes , the theory of interspecific competition , and on insect taxonomy and genetics , zoo - geography and African water bugs . He is known as one of the first to combine ecology with mathematics . He became an international expert on lakes and wrote the four - volume " Treatise on Limnology " in 1957 . Lake Mendota is the northernmost and largest of the four lakes in ___MASK26___ , Wisconsin . The lake borders ___MASK26___ on the north , east and south , Middleton on the west , Shorewood Hills on the southwest , Maple Bluff on the northeast , and Westport on the northwest . ___MASK12___ is a U . S . state located in the north - central United States , in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions . It is bordered by Minnesota to the west , Iowa to the southwest , Illinois to the south , Lake Michigan to the east , Michigan to the northeast , and Lake Superior to the north . ___MASK12___ is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous . The state capital is ___MASK26___ , and its largest city is Milwaukee , which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan . The state is divided into 72 counties . Landscape limnology is the spatially explicit study of lakes , streams , and wetlands as they interact with ___MASK3___ , terrestrial , and human landscapes to determine the effects of pattern on ecosystem processes across temporal and spatial scales . Limnology is the study of inland water bodies inclusive of rivers , lakes , and wetlands ; landscape limnology seeks to integrate all of these ecosystem types .