place_of_death jacob heinrich von flemming
The Kriegsmarine (" War Navy ") was the navy of ___MASK86___ from 1935 to 1945 . It superseded the " Kaiserliche Marine " ( German ___MASK20___ Navy ) of World War I and the inter - war " Reichsmarine ". The " Kriegsmarine " was one of three official branches  along with the " Heer ( Army )" and the " Luftwaffe ( Air Force )" of the Wehrmacht , the armed forces of ___MASK86___ . The Duchy of ___MASK32___ or Ducal ___MASK32___ was a duchy in eastern ___MASK32___ established during the Protestant Reformation in 1525 . It was the first Lutheran duchy with a dominant German - speaking population , as well as Polish and Lithuanian minorities . In old texts and in Latin , the term " Prut ( h ) enia " refers alike to " Ducal ___MASK32___ ", its western neighbor Royal ___MASK32___ , and their common predecessor , Teutonic ___MASK32___ . The adjectival form of the name was " Prut ( h ) enic ". The concept of ___MASK64___ as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar , who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as " Germania ", thus distinguishing it from Gaul ( France ), which he had conquered . The victory of the Germanic tribes in the ___MASK59___ of the Teutoburg Forest ( AD 9 ) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire , although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine . Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire , the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes . When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne ' s heirs in 843 , the eastern part became East Francia . In 962 , Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire , the medieval German state . Generalfeldmarschall ( abbreviated to Feldmarschall ) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy ___MASK65___ ; in the ___MASK46___ Monarchy , the Austrian Empire and Austria - Hungary , the rank " Feldmarschall " was used . The rank was the equivalent to " Großadmiral " in the " Kaiserliche Marine " and " Kriegsmarine ", a five - star rank , comparable to OF - 10 in today  s NATO naval forces . ___MASK72___ ( Lower Sorbian : " Bramborska ") is one of the sixteen federated states of ___MASK64___ . It lies in the northeast of the country covering an area of 29 , 478 square kilometers and has 2 . 48 million inhabitants . The capital and largest city is ___MASK38___ . ___MASK72___ surrounds but does not include the national capital and city - state Berlin forming a metropolitan area . ___MASK32___ was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of ___MASK32___ and the Margraviate of Brandenburg , and centred on the region of ___MASK32___ . For centuries , the House of ruled ___MASK32___ , successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well - organised and effective army . ___MASK32___ , with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin , shaped the history of Germany . In 1871 , German states united to create the ___MASK71___ under Prussian leadership . In November 1918 , the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 1918  19 . The Kingdom of ___MASK32___ was thus abolished in favour of a republic  the Free State of ___MASK32___ , a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933 . From 1933 , ___MASK32___ lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup , when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state . With the end of the Nazi regime , the division of Germany into allied - occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line , which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union , the State of ___MASK32___ ceased to exist de facto in 1945 . ___MASK32___ existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No . 46 of 25 February 1947 . The Margraviate of ___MASK72___ was a major principality of the Holy ___MASK65___ from 1157 to 1806 . Also known as the March of ___MASK72___ ("), it played a pivotal role in the history of ___MASK64___ and Central Europe . The ___MASK46___ Monarchy or Empire , occasionally also styled as the Danubian Monarchy (" Donaumonarchie "), is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of ___MASK46___ - Lorraine until 1918 . The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire , united only in the person of the monarch . The dynastic capital was ___MASK23___ , except from 1583 to 1611 , when it was moved to Prague . From 1804 to 1867 the ___MASK46___ Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire , and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro - Hungarian Empire . ___MASK64___ , officially the Federal Republic of ___MASK64___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , ___MASK64___ is the ___MASK30___ populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second ___MASK30___ popular immigration destination in the world . ___MASK64___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include ___MASK6___ , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . An earl is a member of the nobility . The title is Anglo - Saxon in origin , akin to the Scandinavian form jarl , and meant " chieftain ", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king ' s stead . In Scandinavia , it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke (" hertig "/" hertug "/" hertog "). In later medieval Britain , it became the equivalent of the continental count ( in ___MASK2___ in the earlier period , it was more akin to a duke ; in ___MASK94___ it assimilated the concept of mormaer ). However , earlier in Scandinavia , " jarl " could also mean a sovereign prince . For example , the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway had the title of " jarl " and in many cases they had no less power than their neighbours who had the title of king . Alternative names for the " Earl / Count " rank in the nobility structure are used in other countries , such as Hakushaku during the Japanese ___MASK20___ era . The ___MASK42___ ( modern spelling "") was an empire in Central Europe created out of the realms of the Habsburgs by proclamation in 1804 . It was a multinational empire and one of Europe ' s great powers . Geographically it was the second largest country in Europe after the ___MASK97___ ( 621 , 538 square kilometres [ 239 , 977 sq mi ]). It was also the third most populous after Russia and France , as well as the largest and strongest country in the German Confederation . Proclaimed in response to the First French Empire , it overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter ' s dissolution in 1806 . The " Ausgleich " of 1867 elevated Hungary ' s status . It became a separate entity from the Empire entirely , joining with it in the dual monarchy of Austria - Hungary . The Free State of ___MASK32___ was a German state formed after the abolition of the Kingdom of ___MASK32___ in the aftermath of the First World War . It was the major state of the German Reich during the time of the Weimar Republic , comprising almost ( 62 . 5 %) of its territory and population . " Free state " is another German term for " republic " that was coined in contrast to the Latin word , which was associated with the enemy France in the minds of many Germans of that time . Count ( male ) or countess ( female ) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status , but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility . The word " count " came into English from the French " comte ", itself from Latin " comes " in its accusative " comitem " meaning  companion , and later  companion of the emperor , delegate of the emperor . The adjective form of the word is "". The British and Irish equivalent is an earl ( whose wife is a " countess ", for lack of an English term ). Alternative names for the " count " rank in the nobility structure are used in other countries , such as " Graf " in ___MASK64___ and " Hakushaku " during the Japanese ___MASK20___ era . The Soviet ___MASK91___ , officially the ___MASK91___ of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A ___MASK91___ of multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The Soviet ___MASK91___ was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with ___MASK96___ as its capital . A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the ___MASK22___ government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions ( sub - national units ) exercise only the powers that the ___MASK22___ government chooses to delegate . The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government . Of the 193 UN member states , 165 of them are governed as unitary states . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the ___MASK78___ to the north , the ___MASK26___ to the west , and the Mediterranean ___MASK13___ to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from ___MASK44___ by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the ___MASK71___ at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of Germany ' s Imperial government with a republic . The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the establishment in August 1919 of a republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic . ___MASK90___ is the capital and the largest city of ___MASK64___ as well as one of its constituent 16 states . With a population of approximately 3 . 5 million people , ___MASK90___ is the second ___MASK30___ populous city proper and the seventh ___MASK30___ populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern ___MASK64___ on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the ___MASK90___ - Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , ___MASK90___ is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one - third of the city ' s area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers and lakes . ___MASK54___ - ___MASK53___ , often referred to as the Austro - Hungarian Empire in English - language sources , was a constitutional union of the ___MASK42___ ( the Kingdoms and lands represented in the ___MASK20___ Council , or " Cisleithania ") and the Kingdom of ___MASK53___ ( Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or " Transleithania ") that existed from 1867 to 1918 , when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I . The union was a result of the Austro - Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867 . ___MASK54___ - ___MASK53___ consisted of two monarchies ( ___MASK54___ and ___MASK53___ ), and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia - Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian  Hungarian Settlement (" Nagodba ") in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co - equal . Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . ___MASK84___ (" Nippon " or " Nihon " ; formally "" or " Nihon - koku ", means " State of ___MASK84___ ") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern ___MASK44___ . Located in the Pacific Ocean , It is lying off the eastern coast of the ___MASK44___ Mainland ( east of ___MASK48___ , Korea , Russia ) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East ___MASK48___ Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest . Jakob Heinrich von Flemming ( ___MASK62___ 3 , 1667 -- April 30 , 1728 ) was a Saxon count , military officer and politician . He was born in Hoff , Prussian Province of Pomerania to a noble family . He completed his law studies in 1688 , after which he entered service with ___MASK72___ . He attained the rank of general in 1705 and Generalfeldmarschall in 1711 . He was appointed ambassador to ___MASK27___ by elector Frederick Augustus of Saxony , who aspired to the throne of Poland -- ___MASK81___ which had been vacant since the death of Jan III Sobieski in 1696 . By causing competition between the other aspirants , Flemming was able to secure the election of the elector as Augustus II of Poland -- ___MASK81___ . Flemming participated in the Livonian campaign of the Great Northern War . His troops captured the fort Düna fort at Riga from the Swedes in 1700 , renaming it `` Augustenburg '' ( `` ___MASK40___ ' s fort '' ) , but the Swedes defeated the allied Russian - Saxon army at the crossing of the Daugava in 1701 . During the ___MASK59___ of Kliszów in 1702 he was severely wounded . In 1705 ___MASK40___ made him general of the cavalry and Minister of War . At the Treaty of Altranstädt in 1706 , Charles XII demanded of the deposed ___MASK40___ the extradition of Flemming , arguing that he had estates in Swedish Pomerania and was therefore a Swedish citizen subject to Swedish law . Flemming relieved his Elector from this predicament by leaving for ___MASK32___ . When the Swedes left Poland in 1708 for their disastrous campaign in Russia ( ending with the defeat at Poltava ) , the re - crowned ___MASK40___ installed Flemming in the governor ' s residence in Dresden . In 1711 Flemming became Generalfeldmarschall and led the Saxon troops in Northern Germany against the Swedes led by Magnus Stenbock . He participated in the sieges of Stralsund and Tönning , and led the Saxon troops in the ___MASK59___ of Gadebusch in 1712 . After the victorious end of fighting in northern Germany in 1715 , Flemming led the Saxon troops to Poland , supporting Augustus against the Tarnogród Confederation . The Holy ___MASK65___ was a multi - ethnic complex of territories in ___MASK22___ Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 . The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of ___MASK64___ , though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy , and numerous other territories . The Kingdom of ___MASK32___ was a German kingdom that constituted the state of ___MASK32___ between 1701 and 1918 and included parts of present - day Germany , Poland , Russia , Lithuania , Denmark , Belgium and the Czech Republic . It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the ___MASK71___ until its dissolution in 1918 . Although it took its name from the region called ___MASK32___ , it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg , where its capital was Berlin . A five - star rank is a very senior military rank , first established in the United States in 1944 , with a five - star insignia , and corresponding ranks in other countries . The rank is that of the ___MASK30___ senior operational military commanders , and within NATO ' s " standard rank scale " it is designated by the code OF - 10 . The ___MASK71___ ( officially ') was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918 , when Germany became a federal republic ( the Weimar Republic ). The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority , known in the German language as the ' and also referred to as the Four Powers , was a military occupation governing body of the Allied Occupation Zones in ___MASK64___ and Austria after the end of World War II in Europe . The members were the Soviet Union , the United States , and the United Kingdom ; France was later added with a vote , but had no duties . The organization was based in Berlin - Schöneberg . The Council was convened to determine several plans for post - War Europe , including how to change borders and transfer populations in Eastern Europe and ___MASK64___ . ___MASK85___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK85___ , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic ___MASK13___ in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic ___MASK13___ , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of ___MASK85___ is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , ___MASK85___ is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . ___MASK85___ is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin .