place_of_birth lysis of taras
Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BCE , based on the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers , the Pythagoreans , who were considerably influenced by mathematics and mysticism . Later revivals ___MASK74___ Pythagorean doctrines led to what is now called Neopythagoreanism or Neoplatonism . Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Aristotle , and Plato , and through them , all ___MASK74___ Western philosophy . The helots (" heílotes ") were a population group that formed the main population ___MASK74___ Laconia and Messenia , the territory controlled by ___MASK3___ . Their exact status was already disputed in antiquity : according to Critias , they were " slaves to the utmost ", whereas according to Pollux , they occupied a status " between free men and slaves ". Tied to the land , they primarily worked in agriculture as a majority and economically supported the Spartan citizens . Theology is the critical study ___MASK74___ the nature ___MASK74___ the divine . It is taught as an academic discipline , typically in universities , seminaries and schools ___MASK74___ divinity . The ( plural : "") is a basic administrative division in ___MASK45___ , roughly equivalent to a township or municipality . Bernalda is a town and " comune " in the province ___MASK74___ Matera , in the Southern Italian region ___MASK74___ Basilicata . The frazione ___MASK74___ Metaponto is the site ___MASK74___ the ancient city ___MASK74___ Metapontum . Pythagoras ___MASK74___ ___MASK100___ ( or simply ;  in Ionian Greek ) was an Ionian Greek philosopher , mathematician , and the putative founder ___MASK74___ the movement called Pythagoreanism . Most ___MASK74___ the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived , so very little reliable information is known about him . He was born on the island ___MASK74___ ___MASK100___ , and travelled , visiting ___MASK95___ and Greece , and maybe India . Around 530 BC , he moved to Croton , in Magna Graecia , and there established some kind ___MASK74___ school or guild . In 520 BC , he returned to ___MASK100___ . ___MASK31___ Graecia (; Latin meaning " Great Greece ", , " Megál Hellás ") was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas ___MASK74___ Southern Italy in the present - day regions ___MASK74___ Campania , ___MASK83___ , Basilicata , ___MASK99___ and Sicily that were extensively populated by Greek settlers ; particularly the Achaean settlements ___MASK74___ Croton , and Sybaris , and to the north , the settlements ___MASK74___ Cumae and Neapolis . The settlers who began arriving in the 8th century BC brought with them their Hellenic civilization , which was to leave a lasting imprint in Italy , such as in the culture ___MASK74___ ancient Rome . Most notably the Roman poet Ovid referred to the south ___MASK74___ Italy as " ___MASK31___ Graecia " in his poem " Fasti ". A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge ___MASK74___ mathematics in his / her work , typically to solve mathematical problems . ___MASK95___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK95___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK95___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies ___MASK33___ , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although ___MASK33___ and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK95___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation . Philosophy ( from Greek , " philosophia ", literally " love ___MASK74___ wisdom ") is the study ___MASK74___ general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence , knowledge , values , reason , mind , and language . The term was probably coined by Pythagoras ( c . 570  c . 495 BC ). Philosophical methods include questioning , critical discussion , rational argument and systematic presentation . Classic philosophical questions include : Is it possible to know anything and to prove it ? What is ___MASK94___ real ? However , philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as : Is there a best way to live ? Is it better to be just or unjust ( if one can get away with it )? Do humans have free will ? A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside ___MASK74___ either theology or science . The term " philosopher " comes from the Ancient Greek (" philosophos ") meaning " lover ___MASK74___ wisdom ". The coining ___MASK74___ the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). A frazione ( pl . " frazioni " ) is the Italian name given in administrative law to a type ___MASK74___ territorial subdivision ___MASK74___ a " comune "; for other administrative divisions , see " municipio ", " circoscrizione ", " quartiere ". It is cognate to the English word " fraction ", but in practice is roughly equivalent to " parishes " or " wards " in other countries . The province ___MASK74___ Matera is a province in the Basilicata region ___MASK74___ Italy . Its capital is the city ___MASK74___ Matera . It has an area ___MASK74___ and a total population ___MASK74___ 201 , 133 ; the city Matera has a population ___MASK74___ 56 , 204 . There are 31 comunes ( Italian : " comuni ") in the province ( see Comunes ___MASK74___ the Province ___MASK74___ Matera ). The province ___MASK74___ Matera is bordered by the province ___MASK74___ ___MASK67___ in the west and south , the region ___MASK74___ ___MASK99___ also to the south , the region ___MASK74___ Apulia to the east and north , and by the Ionian Sea to the southeast . Leuctra was a village in ___MASK54___ , in Boeotia , seven miles southwest of Thebes . It is primarily known today as the site of the important 371 BC ___MASK62___ of Leuctra in which the Thebans , under Epaminondas , defeated the Spartans . The Spartan hegemony was fallen after that ___MASK62___ , and the Thebans became a new power within the Hellenic world , until the rise of Macedon . Lysis ___MASK74___ Taras ( / lass / ; Greek :  ; fl . c . 5th - century BC ) was a Greek philosopher . His life is obscure . He was said to have been a friend and disciple ___MASK74___ Pythagoras . After the persecution ___MASK74___ the Pythagoreans at Croton and Metapontum he escaped and went to Thebes , where he became the teacher ___MASK74___ Epaminondas , by whom he was held in the highest esteem . There are , however , serious chronological difficulties with his being both a disciple ___MASK74___ Pythagoras and the teacher ___MASK74___ Epaminondas . Lysis was credited as the actual author ___MASK74___ a work which was attributed to Pythagoras himself . Diogenes Laërtius quotes from an undoubtedly spurious letter from Lysis to Hippasus as an authority for some statements concerning Damo . The 6th century BC started the first day ___MASK74___ 600 BC and ended the last day ___MASK74___ 501 BC . ___MASK91___ , officially the ___MASK36___ of ___MASK91___ (" Bhrat Gaarjya "), is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second - most populous country ( with over 1 . 2 billion people ), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; ___MASK92___ , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar ( Burma ) and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , ___MASK91___ is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . ___MASK91___ ' s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Its capital is New Delhi ; other metropolises include Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad and Ahmedabad . ___MASK28___ (' ), officially the Hellenic ___MASK36___ ( Greek : ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe . ___MASK28___ ' s population is approximately 10 . 955 million as of 2015 . ___MASK89___ is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Metapontum or Metapontium was an important city ___MASK74___ Magna Graecia , situated on the gulf ___MASK74___ ___MASK34___ , between the river Bradanus and the Casuentus ( modern Basento ). It was distant about 20 km from Heraclea and 40 from ___MASK34___ . The ruins ___MASK74___ Metapontum are located in the frazione ___MASK74___ Metaponto , in the comune ___MASK74___ Bernalda , in the Province ___MASK74___ Matera , Basilicata region , Italy . Ancient Greek includes the forms ___MASK74___ Greek used in ___MASK54___ and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD . It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period ( 9th to 6th centuries BC ), Classical period ( 5th and 4th centuries BC ), and Hellenistic period ( 3rd century BC to the 6th century AD ). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek . ___MASK45___ , officially the Italian ___MASK36___ , is a unitary parliamentary ___MASK36___ in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , ___MASK45___ shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , San Marino and Vatican City . ___MASK45___ covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in ___MASK45___ as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . Science is a systematic ___MASK61___ that builds and organizes knowledge in the form ___MASK74___ testable explanations and predictions about the universe . Metaponto is a small town ___MASK74___ about 1 , 000 people in the province ___MASK74___ Matera , Basilicata , Italy . Administratively it is a frazione ___MASK74___ Bernalda . Basilicata ( or ), also known as Lucania , is a region in the south ___MASK74___ Italy , bordering on Campania to the west , ___MASK83___ (" Puglia ") to the north and east , and ___MASK99___ to the south . It also has two coastlines , one on the Tyrrhenian Sea between Campania and ___MASK99___ , and a longer coastline along the Gulf ___MASK74___ ___MASK56___ between ___MASK99___ and ___MASK83___ . The region can be thought ___MASK74___ as the " instep " ___MASK74___ Italy , with ___MASK99___ functioning as the " toe " and ___MASK83___ the " heel ". The region covers about and in 2010 had a population slightly under 600 , 000 . The regional capital is Potenza . The region is divided into two provinces : Potenza and Matera . The president ___MASK74___ Basilicata is Marcello Pittella . ___MASK100___ is a Greek island in the eastern ___MASK12___ , south of Chios , north of Patmos and the Dodecanese , and off the coast of Asia Minor , from which it is separated by the - wide Mycale Strait . It is also a separate regional unit of the North Aegean region , and the only municipality of the regional unit . ___MASK3___ ( Doric Greek : ; Attic Greek : ) was a prominent city - state in ancient Greece . In antiquity the city - state was known as Lacedaemon , while the name ___MASK3___ referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia , in south - eastern Peloponnese . Around 650 BC , it rose to become the dominant military land - power in ancient Greece . The Basento ( Latin " Casuentus ") is a river in the Basilicata region ___MASK74___ southern Italy . It rises at Monte Arioso in the southern Apennine Mountains , southwest ___MASK74___ ___MASK67___ in the province ___MASK74___ ___MASK67___ . The river flows northeast near Pignola and ___MASK67___ before curving east near Vaglio Basilicata . It curves southeast and flows near ___MASK4___ Montagna , Trivigno , and Albano di Lucania . A right tributary coming from Lago di Ponte Fontanelle flows into the river in this area . The river forms the border between the province ___MASK74___ ___MASK67___ and the province ___MASK74___ Matera for a short distance before flowing into the province ___MASK74___ Matera . It flows eastward near Tricarico , Calciano , and Grassano before curving southeast . The river flows near Grottole , Miglionico , Pomarico , Ferrandina , and Monte Finese before curving eastward . It flows near Pisticci and Bernalda before flowing into the Gulf ___MASK74___ ___MASK56___ , which is part ___MASK74___ the Ionian Sea , near Metaponto . The main city on the Basento is ___MASK67___ , the capital ___MASK74___ Basilicata . ___MASK17___ (" Messinia ") is a regional unit (" perifereiaki enotita ") in the southwestern part ___MASK74___ the Peloponnese , one ___MASK74___ 13 regions into which Greece has been divided by the ___MASK24___ plan , implemented 1 January 2011 . Before 2011 ___MASK17___ was a " nomos " ( prefecture ). The capital and the biggest city ___MASK74___ ___MASK17___ in either case has been the city ___MASK74___ Kalamata . Epaminondas (" Epameinondas "; d . 362 BC ) was a Theban general and statesman ___MASK74___ the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city - state ___MASK74___ Thebes , leading it out ___MASK74___ Spartan subjugation into a pre - eminent position in Greek politics . In the process he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots , a group ___MASK74___ Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years after being defeated in the Messenian War ending in 600 BC . Epaminondas reshaped the political map ___MASK74___ Greece , fragmented old alliances , created new ones , and supervised the construction ___MASK74___ entire cities . He was also militarily influential and invented and implemented several major battlefield tactics .