place_of_birth john x of constantinople
The ___MASK92___ , also referred to as the Eastern ___MASK4___ Empire , was the continuation ___MASK21___ the ___MASK4___ Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was ___MASK87___ ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as ___MASK19___ ). It survived the fragmentation and fall ___MASK21___ the Western ___MASK4___ Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 . During most ___MASK21___ its existence , the empire was the most powerful economic , cultural , and military force in Europe . Both " ___MASK92___ " and " Eastern ___MASK4___ Empire " are historiographical terms created after the end ___MASK21___ the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the " ___MASK4___ Empire " ( tr . ), or " Romania ", and to themselves as " Romans ". ___MASK47___ the Great ( 27 February 272 AD  22 May 337 AD ), also known as ___MASK47___ I or Saint ___MASK47___ ( in the Orthodox Church as Saint ___MASK47___ the Great , Equal - to - the - Apostles ), was a ___MASK4___ Emperor from 306 to 337 AD . ___MASK47___ was the son ___MASK21___ Flavius Valerius Constantius , a ___MASK4___ Army officer , and his consort Helena . His father became " Caesar ", the deputy emperor in the west , in 293 AD . ___MASK47___ was sent east , where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius . In 305 , Constantius was raised to the rank ___MASK21___ " Augustus ", senior western emperor , and ___MASK47___ was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia ( Britain ). Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum ( modern - day York ) after his father ' s death in 306 AD , ___MASK47___ emerged victorious in a series ___MASK21___ civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler ___MASK21___ both west and east by 324 AD . The ___MASK4___ Empire ( Koine and Medieval Greek :    , tr . ) was the post - ___MASK4___ Republic period ___MASK21___ the ancient ___MASK4___ civilization , characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe , Africa and Asia . The city ___MASK21___ Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD , with ___MASK87___ ( New Rome ) becoming the largest around 500 AD , and the Empire ' s populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants ( roughly 20 % ___MASK21___ the world ' s population at the time ). The 500 - year - old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series ___MASK21___ civil wars and political conflict , during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC . Civil wars and executions continued , culminating in the victory ___MASK21___ Octavian , Caesar ' s adopted son , over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle ___MASK21___ Actium in 31 BC and the annexation ___MASK21___ Egypt . Octavian ' s power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the ___MASK4___ Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title " Augustus ", effectively marking the end ___MASK21___ the ___MASK4___ Republic . The Kamateros or Camaterus were a Byzantine family ___MASK21___ functionaries from ___MASK87___ that became prominent in the 10th  12th centuries . Several family members were scholars and literary patrons . The feminine form ___MASK21___ the name is Kamatera . ___MASK19___ (" Byzántion ") was an ancient Greek colony on the site that later became Constantinople , and later still Istanbul . ___MASK19___ was colonised by the Greeks from Megara in . ___MASK87___ was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire ( 330  1204 and 1261  1453 ), and also of the brief Latin ( 1204  1261 ), and the later Ottoman ( 1453  1923 ) empires . It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient ___MASK19___ as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great , after whom it was named , and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD . John X Kamateros ( Greek :   ) was the Patriarch ___MASK21___ ___MASK87___ from 5 August 1198 to April / May 1206 . John was a member ___MASK21___ the Kamateros family , to which belonged the Empress Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera , wife ___MASK21___ Alexios III Angelos ( r . 1195 -- 1203 ) . An educated man , well versed in classical literature , rhetoric and philosophy , he occupied a series ___MASK21___ ecclesiastical posts reaching the post ___MASK21___ chartophylax , which he held at the time ___MASK21___ his elevation to the patriarchal throne . In 1198 -- 1200 he had an exchange ___MASK21___ letters with Pope Innocent III on the issue ___MASK21___ papal supremacy and the filioque clause . Notably , he disputed Rome ' s claim to primacy based on St Peter , and asserted that in reality its primacy came from the fact that Rome was the old imperial capital . He intervened in the riots in ___MASK87___ against the arrest ___MASK21___ the banker Kalomodios , and secured his release , but during the coup ___MASK21___ John Komnenos the Fat on 31 July 1200 , he hid in a cupboard as the rebels seized control ___MASK21___ the Hagia Sophia . John remained in office after Alexios III ' s deposition in July 1203 , and according to Western sources , both he and Alexios IV Angelos , threatened by the Fourth Crusade , acknowledged papal supremacy in the same year . After the capture ___MASK21___ ___MASK87___ during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 , he initially fled to Didymoteichon in Thrace . In 1206 , Theodore I Laskaris invited him to Nicaea , where he had established the Empire ___MASK21___ Nicaea , a Byzantine Greek successor state , but John refused , perhaps because ___MASK21___ his advanced age , and died in April or May ___MASK21___ the same year . The Crusaders then installed a Latin Patriarch in ___MASK87___ , while Theodore simply created a new Greek Patriarchate in Nicaea , which was eventually restored in ___MASK87___ with the rest ___MASK21___ the Empire in 1261 . A ___MASK88___ ( or simply capital ) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country , state , province , or other region , usually as its seat ___MASK21___ government . A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the offices and meeting places ___MASK21___ its respective government ; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution . In some jurisdictions , including several countries , the different branches ___MASK21___ government are located in different settlements . In some cases , a distinction is made between the official ( constitutional ) capital and the seat ___MASK21___ government , which is in another place .