country_of_citizenship alfred kleiner
Albert Einstein ( 14 March 1879  18 April 1955 ) was a German - born theoretical physicist . He developed the general theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics ( alongside quantum mechanics ). Einstein ' s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass  energy equivalence formula ( which has been dubbed " the world ' s most famous equation "). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his " services to theoretical physics ", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory . A university (" a whole ", " a corporation ") is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants ___MASK76___ degrees in various subjects . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine . It is taught as an ___MASK76___ discipline , typically in universities , seminaries and schools of divinity . The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein : special relativity and general relativity . Special relativity applies to elementary particles and their interactions , describing all their physical phenomena except gravity . General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature . It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical ___MASK63___ , including astronomy . The Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) is the world ' s largest and most powerful particle collider , most complex experimental facility ever built , and the largest single machine in the world . It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10 , 000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries , as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories . It lies in a tunnel in circumference , as deep as beneath the ___MASK38___  ___MASK92___ border near Geneva , ___MASK92___ . Its first research run took place from 30 March 2010 to 13 February 2013 at an initial energy of 3 . 5 teraelectronvolts ( TeV ) per beam ( 7 TeV total ), almost 4 times more than the previous world record for a collider , rising to 4 TeV per beam ( 8 TeV total ) from 2012 . On 13 February 2013 the LHC ' s first run officially ended , and it was shut down for planned upgrades . ' Test ' collisions restarted in the upgraded collider on 5 April 2015 , reaching 6 . 5 TeV per beam on 20 May 2015 ( 13 TeV total , the current world record ). Its second research run commenced on schedule , on 3 June 2015 . The Cavendish experiment , performed in 1797  1798 by ___MASK9___ scientist Henry Cavendish , was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant . Because of the unit conventions then in use , the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish ' s work . Instead , the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the ___MASK86___ , or equivalently the mass of the ___MASK86___ . His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants . The experiment was devised sometime before 1783 by geologist John Michell , who constructed a torsion balance apparatus for it . However , Michell died in 1793 without completing the work . After his death the apparatus passed to Francis John Hyde Wollaston and then to Henry Cavendish , who rebuilt the apparatus but kept close to Michell ' s original plan . Cavendish then carried out a series of measurements with the equipment and reported his results in the " Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society " in 1798 . Medicine ( ___MASK9___ English ; ___MASK42___ English ) is the science and practice of the diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of disease . The word " medicine " is derived from Latin " medicus ", meaning " a physician ". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness . Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences , biomedical research , genetics , and medical technology to diagnose , treat , and prevent injury and disease , typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery , but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy , external splints and traction , medical devices , biologics , and ionizing radiation , amongst others . The University of Zurich ( UZH ), located in the city of Zürich , is the largest university in ___MASK92___ , with over 26 , 000 students . It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology , law , medicine and a new faculty of philosophy . Alfred Kleiner ( April 24 , 1849 -- July 3 , 1916 ) was a Swiss physicist and Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Zurich . He was Albert Einstein ' s doctoral advisor or Doktorvater . Initially Einstein ' s advisor was H . F . Weber . However , they had a major falling out , and Einstein chose to switch to Kleiner . Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub - disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments . Methods vary from discipline to discipline , from simple experiments and observations , such as the Cavendish experiment , to more complicated ones , such as the Large Hadron Collider .