genre sons of sylvia
A soprano is a type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types . The soprano ' s vocal range ( using scientific pitch notation ) is from approximately middle C ( C ) = 261 Hz to " high A " ( A ) = 880 Hz in choral ___MASK5___ , or to " soprano C " ( C , two octaves above middle C ) = 1046 Hz or higher in operatic ___MASK5___ . In four - part chorale style harmony , the soprano takes the highest part , which usually encompasses the melody . The soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura , soubrette , lyric , spinto , and dramatic soprano . The lyric soprano is the most common female singing voice . Mandobass is the largest ( and least common ) member of the mandolin ___MASK59___ , sometimes used as the bass instrument in mandolin orchestras . It is so large that it usually isn ' t held in the lap , but supported on a spike which rests on the floor . The neck - scale length on a full - size mando - bass is similar to that of a standard orchestral double bass viol : about 43 " ( 110 cm ). The instrument is otherwise similar to the smaller , higher - pitched members of the mandolin ___MASK59___ , having a fretted neck , a headstock with geared tuning machines , and a large resonating body often  but not always  shaped like that of other mandolins . ___MASK5___ is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence , which exist in time . The common elements of ___MASK5___ are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ), ___MASK92___ ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ), dynamics ( loudness and softness ), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the " color " of a ___MASK4___ sound ). Different styles or types of ___MASK5___ may emphasize , de - emphasize or omit some of these elements . ___MASK5___ is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely ___MASK64___ pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without ___MASK64___ accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek  (" mousike "; " art of the Muses "). In its most general form , the activities describing ___MASK5___ as an art form include the production of works of ___MASK5___ ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ), the ___MASK87___ of ___MASK5___ , the study of the history of ___MASK5___ , and the aesthetic examination of ___MASK5___ . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined ___MASK5___ as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as " the harmony of the spheres " and " it is ___MASK5___ to my ears " point to the notion that ___MASK5___ is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th - century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be ___MASK5___ , saying , for example , " There is no noise , only sound ." Virginia (, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia ) is a state located in the Mid - Atlantic region of the United States , as well as in the historic Southeast . Virginia is nicknamed the " Old Dominion " due to its status as the first colonial possession established in mainland British America , and " Mother of Presidents " because eight U . S . presidents were born there , more than any other state . The ___MASK58___ and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth ' s estimated population is over 8 . 3 million , which is slightly less than New York City . A fret is a raised element on the neck of a stringed instrument . Frets usually extend across the full width of the neck . On most modern ___MASK52___ fretted instruments , frets are metal strips inserted into the fingerboard . On some historical instruments and non - European instruments , frets are made of pieces of string tied around the neck . ___MASK57___ is a genre and ___MASK4___ form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century . The genre developed from roots in African ___MASK4___ traditions , African - American work songs and European - American folk music . ___MASK57___ incorporated spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts , chants , and rhymed simple ___MASK53___ ballads . The blues form , ubiquitous in jazz , rhythm and blues and rock and roll , is characterized by the call - and - response pattern , the blues scale and specific chord progressions , of which the twelve - bar blues is the most common . Blue notes ( or " worried notes "), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch , are also an essential part of the sound . ___MASK57___ shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance - like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove . The guitar is a ___MASK4___ instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings , usually having six . The sound is projected either acoustically , using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box ( for an acoustic guitar ), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker ( for an electric guitar ). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers , thumb and / or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting ( or pressing against the frets ) the strings with the fingers of the left hand . The guitar is a type of chordophone , traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut , nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning . The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern , the vihuela , the four - course Renaissance guitar , and the five - course baroque guitar , all of which contributed to the development of the modern six - string instrument . Lute can refer generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table ( in the Hornbostel  Sachs system ), more specifically to any plucked string instrument with a neck ( either fretted or unfretted ) and a deep round back , or more specifically to an instrument from the ___MASK59___ of European lutes . ___MASK95___ includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival . The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that . Some types of ___MASK95___ are also called world music . " Traditional ___MASK95___ " has been defined in several ways : as music transmitted orally , music with unknown composers , or music performed by custom over a long period of time . It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles . The cello (; plural cellos or celli ) or violoncello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths . The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C , G , D and A , an octave lower than the viola . It is a member of the violin ___MASK59___ of ___MASK4___ instruments , which also includes the violin and viola . A chordophone is a ___MASK4___ instrument that makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points . It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel - Sachs scheme of ___MASK4___ instrument classification . The mandocello is a plucked string instrument of the mandolin ___MASK59___ . It has eight strings in four paired courses , tuned in fifths like a mandolin , but is larger , and tuned CC - GG - dd - aa ( low to high in pitch ). It can be described as being to the mandolin what the cello is to the violin . The ___MASK37___ was a period in European ___MASK68___ , from the 14th to the 17th century , regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern ___MASK68___ . It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe , marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age . A mandolin (; literally " small mandola ") is a ___MASK4___ instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or " pick ". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison ( 8 strings ), although five ( 10 strings ) and six ( 12 strings ) course versions also exist . The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths . It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola , octave mandolin , mandocello and mandobass . Sons of Sylvia , originally known as The Clark Brothers , was an American ___MASK73___ ___MASK50___ trio composed of three brothers with the surname Clark : Adam ( guitar , mandolin ) , Ashley ( lead vocals , fiddle , mandolin , guitar ) and Austin ( background vocals , resonator guitar ) . All three , along with their three other brothers Aaron , Andrew , and Alan , originally comprised a sextet called The Clark ___MASK59___ Experience . Sons of Sylvia released its debut album in April 2010 . The viol , viola da gamba , or ( informally ) gamba , is any one of a ___MASK59___ of bowed , fretted and stringed instruments that first appeared in Spain in the mid to late 15th century and was most popular in the Renaissance and ___MASK49___ periods . Early ancestors include the Arabic " rebab " and the medieval European vielle , but later , more direct possible ancestors include the Venetian " viole " and the 15th - and 16th - century Spanish " vihuela ", a 6 - course plucked instrument tuned like a lute ( and also like a present - day viol ) that looked like but was quite distinct from ( at that time ) the 4 - course guitar ( an earlier chordophone ). String instruments , stringed instruments , or chordophones are ___MASK4___ instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner . The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin ___MASK59___ . It is the smallest and highest - pitched instrument in the ___MASK59___ in regular use . Smaller violin - type instruments are known , including the violino piccolo and the kit violin , but these are virtually unused in the 2010s . The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths , and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings , though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers ( pizzicato ). Violins are important instruments in a wide ___MASK10___ of musical genres . They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music . They are also frequently used in genres of folk including ___MASK94___ and bluegrass music and in jazz . Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music ; further , the violin has come to be played in many non - Western music cultures , including Indian music and Iranian music . The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle , particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass , but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it . The octave mandolin is a fretted string instrument with four pairs of strings tuned in fifths , G , D , A , E ( low to high ), an octave below a mandolin . It has a 20 to 23 - inch scale length and its construction is similar to other instruments in the mandolin ___MASK59___ . Usually the courses are all unison pairs but the lower two may sometimes be strung as octave pairs with the higher - pitched octave string on top so that it is hit before the thicker lower - pitched string . Alternate tunings of G , D , A , D and A , D , A , D are often employed by Celtic musicians . An electric guitar is a fretted string instrument that uses a pickup to convert the vibration of its strings  which are typically made of steel , and which occurs when a guitarist strums , plucks or fingerpicks the strings  into electrical signals . The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup , of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup , which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction . The signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker , so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker , which makes a sound loud enough to hear . The output of an electric guitar is an electric signal , and the signal can easily be altered by electronic circuits to add " color " to the sound or change the sound . Often the signal is modified using effects such as reverb and distortion and " overdrive ", with the latter being a key element of the sound of the electric guitar as it is used in ___MASK57___ and ___MASK96___ . ___MASK94___ is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s . It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of United States , such as folk music ( especially Appalachian folk music ), and blues music . Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history . ___MASK94___ often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos , electric and acoustic guitars , dobros and fiddles as well as harmonicas . According to Lindsey Starnes , the term " ___MASK94___ " gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term " hillbilly music "; it came to encompass Western music , which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots , in the mid - 20th century . The term " ___MASK94___ " is used today to describe many styles and subgenres . The origins of ___MASK94___ are the folk music of working - class Americans , who blended popular songs , Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes , traditional English ballads , and cowboy songs , and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities . In 2009 ___MASK94___ was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute , and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States . A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar is an acoustic guitar that produces sound by carrying string vibration through the bridge to one or more spun metal cones ( resonators ), instead of to the sound board ( guitar top ). Resonator guitars were originally designed to be louder than regular acoustic guitars , which were overwhelmed by horns and ___MASK99___ instruments in dance orchestras . They became prized for their distinctive sound , however , and found life with several musical styles ( most notably bluegrass and the blues ) well after electric amplification solved the issue of inadequate guitar sound levels . The gittern was a relatively small gut strung round - backed instrument that first appears in ___MASK6___ and pictorial representation during the 13th century in ___MASK52___ Europe ( Iberian Peninsula , Italy , France , England ). It is usually depicted played with a quill plectrum , as we can see clearly beginning in manuscript illuminations from the thirteenth century . It was also called the guitarra in Spain , guiterne or guiterre in France , the chitarra in Italy and quintern in Germany . A popular instrument with court musicians , minstrels , and amateurs , the gittern is considered ancestral to the modern guitar ; possibly other instruments like the mandore and gallichon . Nylon is a generic designation for a ___MASK59___ of synthetic polymers , more specifically aliphatic or semi - aromatic polyamides . They can be melt - processed into fibers , films or shapes . The first example of nylon ( nylon 6 , 6 ) was produced on February 28 , 1935 , by Wallace Carothers at DuPont ' s research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station . Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fibers ( apparel , flooring and rubber reinforcement ), in shapes ( molded parts for cars , electrical equipment , etc .), and in films ( mostly for ___MASK98___ packaging ).< ref name =" Materials / Polyamide "></ ref > Fiddle is another name for the bowed string ___MASK4___ instrument more often called a violin . It is also a colloquial term for the instrument used by players in all genres , including classical music . Fiddle playing , or fiddling , refers to various styles of music . Fiddle is also a common term among musicians who ___MASK23___ folk music on the violin . The fiddle is part of many traditional ( folk ) styles of music which are aural traditions , taught ' by ear ' rather than via written music . Fiddle is normally the term used for Irish Traditional Music . A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior , that is , it naturally oscillates at some frequencies , called its resonant frequencies , with greater amplitude than at others . The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical ( including acoustic ). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal . ___MASK4___ instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones . Another example is quartz crystals used in electronic devices such as radio transmitters and quartz watches to produce oscillations of very precise frequency . The Nashville sound originated during the mid 1950s as a subgenre of American ___MASK94___ , replacing the chart dominance of the rough honky tonk music which was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s with " smooth strings and choruses ", " sophisticated background vocals " and " smooth tempos ". It was an attempt " to revive country sales , which had been devastated by the rise of rock ' n ' roll ." The ___MASK49___ guitar ( c . 1600  1750 ) is a string instrument with five courses of gut strings and moveable gut frets . The first ( highest pitched ) course sometimes used only a single string . The mandola ( US and Canada ) or tenor mandola ( Ireland and UK ) is a fretted , stringed ___MASK4___ instrument . It is to the mandolin what the viola is to the violin : the four double courses of strings tuned in fifths to the same pitches as the viola ( C - G - D - A low - to - high ), a fifth lower than a mandolin . The mandola , although now rarer , is the ancestor of the mandolin , the name of which means simply " little mandola ". ___MASK50___ music is a ___MASK79___ of ___MASK2___ that originated in its modern form in the Western world as a softer alternative to rock and roll . The terms " ___MASK2___ " and " pop music " are often used interchangeably , although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles . " ___MASK50___ " and " rock " were synonymous terms until the late 1960s , when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other . The Clark ___MASK59___ Experience was an American ___MASK94___ band composed of six brothers , all with the surname Clark : Alan ( guitar , vocals ), Aaron ( bass guitar , vocals ), Adam ( mandolin , vocals ), Ashley ( fiddle ), Andrew ( drums ), and Austin ( lap steel guitar , keyboards ), all natives of the state of Virginia . ___MASK73___ ___MASK50___ is a subgenre of ___MASK94___ and ___MASK50___ music that was developed by members of the ___MASK73___ genre out of a desire to reach a larger , mainstream audience . By producing country songs that employed many styles and sounds found in ___MASK50___ music , the ___MASK94___ industry was effective in gaining new listeners without alienating its traditional country audience . It is a continuation of similar efforts that began in the late 1950s originally known as Nashville sound and later on Countrypolitan . By the mid - 1970s , many country artists were transitioning to the ___MASK50___ - country sound which led to some records charting high on mainstream top 40 as well as country " Billboard " charts . In ___MASK5___ , unison is two or more ___MASK4___ parts sounding the same pitch or at an octave interval , usually at the same time .