genre the blank slate
A newspaper is a ___MASK64___ publication containing ___MASK57___ about current events , other informative articles ( listed below ) about ___MASK25___ , sports , arts , and so on , and ___MASK50___ . A newspaper is usually , but not exclusively , printed on relatively inexpensive , low - grade paper such as newsprint . The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers . As of 2017 , most newspapers are now published online as well as in print . The online versions are called online newspapers or ___MASK57___ websites . Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly . News magazines are also weekly , but they have a magazine format . General - interest newspapers typically publish ___MASK57___ articles and feature articles on national and international ___MASK57___ as well as local ___MASK57___ . The ___MASK57___ includes political events and personalities , business and finance , crime , weather , and natural disasters ; health and medicine , science , and computers and technology ; sports ; and entertainment , ___MASK21___ , food and cooking , clothing and home fashion , and the arts . ___MASK22___ , in its broadest sense , is any single body of written works . More restrictively , it is writing considered as an art form , or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value , often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage . Its Latin root " literatura "/" litteratura " ( derived itself from " littera ": " ___MASK45___ " or " handwriting ") was used to refer to all written accounts , though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung ( oral literature ). ___MASK22___ can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non - fiction and whether it is poetry or prose ; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel , short story or drama ; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations ( genre ). Tabula rasa refers to the epistemological idea that individuals are born without built - in mental content and that therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception . Proponents of tabula rasa generally disagree with the doctrine of Innatism which holds that the mind is born already in possession of certain knowledge . Generally , proponents of the " tabula rasa " theory also favor the " nurture " side of the ___MASK68___ versus nurture debate when it comes to aspects of one ' s personality , social and emotional behavior , knowledge and sapience . A psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes ( see also ___MASK83___ ). Typically , psychologists must have completed a university degree in ___MASK83___ , which is a master ' s degree in some countries and a doctorate in others . This definition of psychologist is non - exclusive ; in most jurisdictions , members of other professions ( such as counselors and psychiatrists ) can also evaluate , diagnose , treat , and ___MASK77___ mental processes . Some psychologists , such as clinical and counseling psychologists , provide mental health care , and some psychologists , such as social or organizational psychologists conduct research and provide consultation services . Steven Arthur " Steve " Pinker ( born September 18 , 1954 ) is a Canadian - born American cognitive scientist , psychologist , linguist , and ___MASK16___ author . He is Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University , and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind . Columbia University ( officially Columbia University in the City of New York ) is a private Ivy League ___MASK70___ university in Upper Manhattan , New York City . It was established in 1754 as King ' s ___MASK37___ by royal charter of George II of Great Britain . Columbia is the oldest ___MASK37___ in the state of New York and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country , making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence . After the American Revolutionary War , King ' s ___MASK37___ briefly became a state entity , and was renamed Columbia ___MASK37___ in 1784 . A 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying of land . Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities , and was the first school in the United States to grant the M . D . degree . The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper , ___MASK61___ and online journalism , ___MASK22___ , and ___MASK2___ composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian - born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty - one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15 , 000 cash award ( raised from $ 10 , 000 starting in 2017 ). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal . Experience is the knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through involvement in or exposure to it . Terms in ___MASK90___ such as " empirical knowledge " or "" a posteriori " knowledge " are used to refer to knowledge based on experience . A person with considerable experience in a specific field can gain a reputation as an expert . The concept of experience generally refers to know - how or procedural knowledge , rather than propositional knowledge : on - the - job training rather than book - learning . The phrase ___MASK68___ and nurture relates to the relative importance of an individual ' s innate qualities (" ___MASK68___ " in the sense of nativism or innatism ) as compared to an individual ' s personal experiences (" nurture " in the sense of empiricism or behaviorism ) in causing individual differences , especially in behavioral traits . The alliterative expression " ___MASK68___ and nurture " in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ). ___MASK83___ is the ___MASK77___ of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a ___MASK10___ which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases . In this field , a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors . Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ), intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ), brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , ___MASK26___ resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some  especially clinical and counseling psychologists  at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . ___MASK83___ has been described as a " hub science ", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , ___MASK32___ , humanities , and philosophy . While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit ___MASK21___ . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e . g ., medical schools , hospitals ). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law . The Blank Slate : The Modern Denial of Human ___MASK68___ is a best - selling 2002 book by Steven Pinker arguing against tabula rasa models in the social sciences . Pinker argues that human behavior is substantially shaped by evolutionary psychological adaptations . The book was nominated for the 2003 Aventis Prizes and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize . ___MASK8___ ( EP ) is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective . It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations  that is , the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution . Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms , such as the heart , lungs , and immune system , is common in evolutionary biology . Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology , arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions . Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behavior is the output of psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments . In ___MASK90___ , a computational theory of mind names a view that the human mind or the human brain ( or both ) is an ___MASK86___ processing system and that thinking is a form of computing . The theory was proposed in its modern form by Hilary Putnam in 1961 , and developed by the MIT philosopher and cognitive scientist Jerry Fodor ( who was Putnam ' s PhD student ) in the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . Despite being vigorously disputed in analytic ___MASK90___ in the 1990s ( due to work by Putnam himself , John Searle , and others ), the view is common in modern cognitive psychology and is presumed by many theorists of ___MASK8___ ; in the 2000s and 2010s the view has resurfaced in analytic ___MASK90___ ( Scheutz 2003 , Edelman 2008 ). Joseph Pulitzer ( born József Pulitzer ; April 10 , 1847  October 29 , 1911 ) was a Hungarian - American newspaper publisher of the " St . Louis Post Dispatch " and the " New York World ". Pulitzer introduced the techniques of yellow ___MASK49___ to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s . He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York . He crusaded against big business and corruption , and helped keep the ___MASK42___ of Liberty in New York . A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non - ___MASK72___ field . Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture . A ___MASK61___ is a publication , usually a periodical publication , which is printed or electronically published ( sometimes referred to as an online ___MASK61___ ). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a ___MASK89___ of content . They are generally financed by ___MASK50___ , by a purchase price , by prepaid subscriptions , or a combination of the three . At its root , the word " ___MASK61___ " refers to a collection or storage location . In the case of written publication , it is a collection of written articles . This explains why ___MASK61___ publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines , artillery magazines , firearms magazines , and , in French , retail stores such as department stores . ___MASK16___ ( also known as PopSci ) is an American bi - monthly magazine carrying ___MASK16___ content , which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects . " ___MASK16___ " has won over 58 awards , including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in both 2003 ( for General Excellence ) and 2004 ( for Best Magazine Section ). With roots beginning in 1872 , " PopSci " has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries . Harvard University is a private Ivy League ___MASK70___ university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , established in 1636 , whose ___MASK87___ , influence , and wealth have made it one of the world ' s most prestigious universities . Perception ( from the Latin " perceptio , percipio ") is the organization , identification , and interpretation of sensory ___MASK86___ in order to represent and understand the environment . All perception involves signals in the nervous system , which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs . For example , vision involves light striking the retina of the eye , smell is mediated by odor molecules , and hearing involves pressure waves . Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals , but is shaped by learning , memory , expectation , and attention . ___MASK2___ composition can refer to an original piece of music , either a song or an instrumental music piece , the structure of a ___MASK2___ piece , or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music . People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music . In popular music and traditional music , the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters ; with songs , the person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist . " Composition " is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music . In many cultures , including Western classical music , the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation , such as a sheet music " score ", which is then performed by the composer or by other instrumental musicians or singers . In popular music and traditional music , songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song , called the lead sheet , which sets out the melody , lyrics and chord progression . In classical music , orchestration ( choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will ___MASK69___ the different parts of music , such as the melody , accompaniment , countermelody , bassline and so on ) is typically done by the composer , but in ___MASK2___ theatre and in pop music , songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration . In some cases , a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all , and instead compose the song in her mind and then ___MASK69___ , sing and / or record it from memory . In jazz and popular music , notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores ___MASK69___ in classical music . The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous ___MASK81___ agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , ___MASK9___ , media , art , ___MASK93___ , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world .