field_of_work gerrit glas
Generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive , uncontrollable and often irrational worry , that is , apprehensive expectation about events or activities . This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning , as individuals with GAD typically anticipate disaster , and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as ___MASK7___ issues , money , death , family problems , friendship problems , interpersonal relationship problems , or work difficulties . Individuals often exhibit a variety of physical symptoms , including fatigue , fidgeting , headaches , nausea , numbness in hands and feet , muscle tension , muscle aches , difficulty swallowing , excessive ___MASK75___ acid buildup , ___MASK75___ pain , vomiting , diarrhea , bouts of breathing difficulty , difficulty concentrating , trembling , twitching , irritability , agitation , sweating , restlessness , insomnia , hot flashes , rashes , and inability to fully control the anxiety ( ICD - 10 ). These symptoms must be consistent and ongoing , persisting at least six months , for a formal diagnosis of GAD . ___MASK51___ ( from Greek , " philosophia ", literally " love of wisdom ") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence , knowledge , values , reason , mind , and ___MASK55___ . The term was probably coined by Pythagoras ( c . 570  c . 495 BC ). Philosophical methods include questioning , critical discussion , rational argument and systematic presentation . Classic philosophical questions include : Is it possible to know anything and to prove it ? What is most real ? However , philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as : Is there a best way to live ? Is it better to be just or unjust ( if one can get away with it )? Do humans have free will ? A psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes ( see also ___MASK62___ ). Typically , psychologists must have completed a university degree in ___MASK62___ , which is a master ' s degree in some countries and a doctorate in others . This definition of psychologist is non - exclusive ; in most jurisdictions , members of other professions ( such as counselors and psychiatrists ) can also evaluate , diagnose , treat , and study mental processes . Some psychologists , such as clinical and counseling psychologists , provide mental ___MASK17___ , and some psychologists , such as social or organizational psychologists conduct research and provide consultation services . Diagnosis is the identification of the ___MASK94___ and cause of a certain phenomenon . Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logic , analytics , and experience to determine " cause and effect ". In systems engineering and computer science , it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms , mitigations , and solutions . < onlyinclude > Cultural ___MASK54___ is a branch of ___MASK54___ focused on the study of cultural variation among humans and is in contrast to social ___MASK54___ which perceives cultural variation as a subset of the anthropological constant . ___MASK7___ is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism . In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self - manage when facing physical , mental or social changes . The World ___MASK7___ Organization ( WHO ) defined ___MASK7___ in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as " a state of complete physical , mental , and social well - being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ." This definition has been subject to controversy , in particular as lacking operational value , the ambiguity in developing cohesive ___MASK7___ strategies , and because of the problem created by use of the word " complete ". Other definitions have been proposed , among which a recent definition that correlates ___MASK7___ and personal satisfaction . ___MASK79___ is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis , prevention , study , and treatment of mental disorders . These include various abnormalities related to mood , behaviour , cognition , and perceptions . Dirk Hendrik Theodoor Vollenhoven ( 1 November 1892 , Amsterdam  6 June , 1978 , Amsterdam ) was a Dutch ___MASK50___ . Gerrit Glas ( born 31 August 1954 , Bennekom ) studied ___MASK25___ at the University of Amsterdam and Philosophy at the Vrije Universiteit . He worked as a psychiatrist at the Ziekenhuis Zwolse Poort in the Netherlands and got his promotion in 1990 on the subject anxiety disorder . Since 1991 , he has been a professor of Reformational philosophy at the Universiteit van Leiden . Since 2008 he has been Professor of Christian Philosophy ( Dooyeweerd chair ) at the VU University Amsterdam . He has written a broad chapter about Anthropology in the book Kennis en werkelijkheid . Glas is associated with the Association for Reformational Philosophy . Along with prof . dr . ir . Henk Jochemsen , he wrote the book Verantwoord medisch handelen . In ___MASK1___ , an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group ( OH ) is bound to a saturated carbon atom . The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol ( ethyl alcohol ), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages . Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch - speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the ___MASK5___ - speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German - speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . ___MASK95___ ( from the " cheirourgik " ( composed of  , " hand ", and  , " work "), via , meaning " hand work ") is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and / or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury , to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas ( for example , a perforated ear drum ). The Netherlands is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht . Amsterdam is the country ' s capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament . The name " Holland " is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands . Bennekom is a village and parish in the Netherlands , which is part of the Municipality of Ede in the south - west of the Veluwe district of the Province of Gelderland . It adjoins the town of Wageningen on the Lower - Rhine to the south , and Ede to the north , Veenendaal to the west and Renkum to the east . The western boundary of the parish follows the canalized ___MASK12___ Grift and is also the boundary with the Province of Utrecht . Personality disorders are a ___MASK42___ of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior , cognition , and inner experience , exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual ' s ___MASK82___ . These patterns develop early , are inflexible , and are associated with significant distress or disability . The definitions may vary somewhat , according to source . Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of ___MASK40___ . It is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility , praise , guilt , sin , and other judgments which apply only to actions that are freely chosen . It is also connected with the concepts of advice , persuasion , deliberation , and prohibition . Traditionally , only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame . There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will , varying by how exactly it is conceived , which is a matter of some debate . The University of Amsterdam ( abbreviated as UvA ) is a public university located in Amsterdam , Netherlands . Major depressive disorder ( MDD ), also known simply as depression , is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations . It is often accompanied by low self - esteem , loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities , low energy , and pain without a clear cause . People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot . Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms present . Major depressive disorder can negatively affects a person ' s personal , work , or school life , as well as sleeping , eating habits , and general ___MASK7___ . Between 2  7 % of adults with major depression die by suicide , and up to 60 % of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder . The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic , environmental , and psychological factors . Risk factors include a family ___MASK60___ of the condition , major life changes , certain medications , chronic ___MASK7___ problems , and substance abuse . About 40 % of the risk appears to be related to genetics . The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person ' s reported experiences and a mental status examination . There is no laboratory test for major depression . Testing , however , may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms . Major depression should be differentiated from sadness which is a normal part of life and is less severe . The United States Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) recommends screening for depression among those over the age 12 , while a prior Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for screening . Typically , people are treated with counselling and antidepressant medication . Medication appears to be effective , but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed . It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide . Types of counselling used include cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) and interpersonal therapy . If other measures are not effective electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) may be tried . Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person ' s wishes . Major depressive disorder affected approximately 253 million ( 3 . 6 %) of people in 2013 . The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7 % in Japan to 21 % in France . Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world ( 15 %) compared to the developing world ( 11 %). It causes the second most years lived with disability after low back pain . The most common time of onset is in a person in their 20s and 30s . Females are affected about twice as often as males . The American Psychiatric Association added " major depressive disorder " to the " Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders " ( DSM - III ) in 1980 . It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis in the DSM - II which also encompassed the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood . Those currently or previously affected may be stigmatized . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the ___MASK84___ Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Latin ( Latin : ) is a classical ___MASK55___ belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo - European languages . The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets . The ear is the organ of hearing and , in mammals , balance . In mammals , the ear is usually described as having three parts  the outer ear , middle ear and the inner ear . The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal . Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals , the word " ear " often refers to the external part alone . The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles . The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth , and contains structures which are key to several senses : the semicircular canals , which enable balance and eye tracking when moving ; the utricle and saccule , which enable balance when stationary ; and the cochlea , which enables hearing . The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head , an ___MASK76___ that ___MASK23___ sound localisation . A disease is a particular abnormal condition , a disorder of a structure or function , that affects part or all of an organism . The study of disease is called ___MASK56___ which includes the causal study of etiology . Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs . It may be caused by external factors such as pathogens , or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions particularly of the immune system such as an immunodeficiency , or a hypersensitivity including allergies and autoimmunity . Pythagoras of Samos ( or simply ;  in Ionian Greek ) was an Ionian Greek ___MASK50___ , mathematician , and the putative founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism . Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived , so very little reliable information is known about him . He was born on the island of Samos , and travelled , visiting Egypt and Greece , and maybe India . Around 530 BC , he moved to Croton , in Magna Graecia , and there established some kind of school or guild . In 520 BC , he returned to Samos . Reformational ___MASK51___ is a Neo - Calvinistic movement pioneered by Herman Dooyeweerd and D . H . Th . Vollenhoven that seeks to develop philosophical thought in a radically Protestant Christian direction . Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive ___MASK44___ of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland . Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism . Some , however , use the terms interchangeably . Signs and symptoms vary between people and may include irritability , muscle weakness , sleeping problems , a fast heartbeat , heat intolerance , diarrhea , enlargement of the thyroid , and weight loss . Symptoms are typically less in the old and during pregnancy . An uncommon complication is thyroid storm in which an event such as an ___MASK13___ results in worsening symptoms such as confusion and a high temperature and often results in death . The opposite is hypothyroidism , when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone . Graves ' disease is the cause of about 50 % to 80 % of the cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States . Other causes include multinodular goiter , toxic adenoma , ___MASK11___ of the thyroid , eating too much iodine , and too much synthetic thyroid hormone . A less common cause is a pituitary adenoma . The diagnosis may be suspected based on signs and symptoms and then confirmed with blood tests . Typically blood tests show a low thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and raised T or T . Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid , thyroid scan , and TSI antibodies may help determine the cause . Treatment depends partly on the cause and severity of disease . There are three main treatment options : radioiodine therapy , medications , and thyroid ___MASK95___ . Radioiodine therapy involves taking iodine - 131 by mouth which is then concentrated in and destroys the thyroid over weeks to months . The resulting hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone . Medications such as beta blockers may control the symptoms , and anti - thyroid medications such as methimazole may temporarily help people while other treatments are having effect . ___MASK95___ to remove the thyroid is another option . This may be used in those with very large thyroids or when cancer is a concern . In the United States hyperthyroidism affects about 1 . 2 % of the population . It occurs between two and ten times more often in women . Onset is commonly between 20 and 50 years of age . Overall the disease is more common in those over the age of 60 years . A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government , as opposed to private universities . Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country ( or region ) to another , largely depending on the specific ___MASK90___ landscape . The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain , Scandinavia , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium , and France . An epeiric ( or " shelf ") sea on the European continental shelf , it connects to the ocean through the ___MASK84___ Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north . It is more than long and wide , with an area of around . Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things , applying ___MASK70___ , establishing and verifying facts , and changing or justifying practices , institutions , and beliefs based on new or existing ___MASK69___ . It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy , ___MASK9___ , language , ___MASK99___ , and ___MASK30___ and is normally considered to be a definitive characteristic of human ___MASK94___ . Reason , or an aspect of it , is sometimes referred to as rationality . A ___MASK74___ , medical practitioner , medical doctor or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine , which is concerned with promoting , maintaining , or restoring health through the study , diagnosis , and treatment of disease , injury , and other physical and mental impairments . Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories , types of patients and methods of treatment  known as specialities  or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals , families , and communities  known as general practice . Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines ( such as anatomy and physiology ) underlying diseases and their treatment  the " science " of medicine  and also a decent competence in its applied practice  the art or " craft " of medicine . ___MASK54___ is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies . Social ___MASK54___ and cultural ___MASK54___ study the norms and values of societies . Linguistic ___MASK54___ studies how ___MASK55___ affects social life . Biological or physical ___MASK54___ studies the biological development of humans . ___MASK25___ ( British English ; American English ) is the science and practice of the diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of disease . The word " ___MASK25___ " is derived from Latin " medicus ", meaning " a ___MASK74___ ". ___MASK25___ encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness . Contemporary ___MASK25___ applies biomedical sciences , biomedical research , genetics , and medical technology to diagnose , treat , and prevent injury and disease , typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery , but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy , external splints and traction , medical devices , biologics , and ionizing radiation , amongst others . Wageningen is a municipality and a historic town in the central Netherlands , in the province of Gelderland . It is famous for Wageningen University , which specialises in ___MASK34___ . The municipality had a population of in , of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries . A medical device is any instrument , apparatus , appliance , ___MASK100___ , material , or other article  whether used alone or in combination , including the ___MASK100___ intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for diagnostic and / or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application  intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for the purpose of : Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands , located in South Holland , within the Rhine  Meuse  Scheldt ___MASK12___ delta at the North Sea . Its ___MASK60___ goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte ___MASK12___ by people settled around it for safety . In 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre . Nowadays it is home to Europe ' s largest port and has a population of 633 , 471 ( city proper ), ranking second in the Netherlands . The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1 . 4 million people and the Rotterdam The Hague Metropolitan Area makes for the 168th most populous urban area in the world . Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7 , 100 , 000 . ___MASK55___ is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of ___MASK80___ , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th - century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . ___MASK47___ is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money . It is a multifaceted concept , which includes social , economic , and political elements . Absolute ___MASK47___ or destitution refers to the lack of means necessary to meet basic needs such as food , clothing and shelter . Absolute ___MASK47___ is meant to be about the same independent of location . Relative ___MASK47___ occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as compared to the rest of society and so would vary from country to country , sometimes within the same country . Herman Dooyeweerd ( 7 October 1894 , Amsterdam  12 February 1977 , Amsterdam ) was a Dutch juridical scholar by ___MASK39___ , who by vocation was a ___MASK50___ and a co - founder of the " Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea " with Dirk Vollenhoven . Dooyeweerd made several contributions to philosophy and other theoretical thought , including concerning : the nature of diversity and coherence in everyday experience , the transcendental conditions for theoretical thought , the relationship between religion and philosophy , and a different view of meaning , being , time and self . Dooyeweerd is most famous for his suite of fifteen aspects ( or ' law - spheres '), which are distinct ways in which reality can be meaningful and good , and can exist and occur . This suite of aspects is finding application in practical analysis , research and teaching in such diverse fields as built environment , sustainability , agriculture , business , information systems and development . Danie Strauss , the editor of Dooyeweerd ' s Collected Works , has provided a systematic look at Dooyeweerd ' s philosophy here . Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods , particularly when based on regular personal interaction , to help a person change and overcome problems in desired ways . Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual ' s well - being and ___MASK89___ , to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors , beliefs , compulsions , thoughts , or emotions , and to improve relationships and social skills . Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence - based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders . Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear . Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events . These feelings may cause physical symptoms , such as a fast heart rate and shakiness . There are a number of anxiety disorders : including generalized anxiety disorder , specific phobia , social anxiety disorder , separation anxiety disorder , agoraphobia , panic disorder , and selective mutism . The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms . People often have more than one anxiety disorder . The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors . Risk factors include a ___MASK60___ of child abuse , family ___MASK60___ of mental disorders , and ___MASK47___ . Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders , particularly major depressive disorder , personality disorder , and substance use disorder . To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present at least six months , be more than would be expected for the situation , and decrease functioning . Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism , heart disease , caffeine , alcohol , or cannabis use , and withdrawal from certain drugs , among others . Without treatment , anxiety disorders tend to remain . Treatment may include lifestyle changes , counselling , and medications . Counselling is typically with a type of cognitive behavioural therapy . Medications , such as antidepressants or beta blockers , may improve symptoms . About 12 % of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year and between 5 - 30 % are affected at some point in their life . They occur about twice as often in females as males , and generally begin before the age of 25 . The most common are specific phobia which affects nearly 12 % and social anxiety disorder which affects 10 % at some point in their life . They affect those between the ages of 15 and 35 the most and become less common after the age of 55 . Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe . A mental disorder , also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder , is a diagnosis by a ___MASK89___ professional of a behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life . Such features may be persistent , relapsing and remitting , or occur as a single episode . Many disorders have been described , with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders . The causes of mental disorders are often unclear . Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields . Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves , feels , perceives , or thinks . This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain , often in a social context . A mental disorder is one aspect of ___MASK89___ . Cultural and religious beliefs , as well as social norms , should be taken into account when making a diagnosis . Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community , and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists , clinical psychologists , and clinical social workers , using various methods but often relying on observation and questioning . Treatments are provided by various ___MASK89___ professionals . Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options . Other treatments include social interventions , peer support , and self - help . In a minority of cases there might be involuntary detention or treatment . Prevention programs have been shown to reduce depression . Common mental disorders include depression , which affects about 400 million , dementia which affects about 35 million , and schizophrenia , which affects about 21 million people globally . Stigma and discrimination can add to the suffering and disability associated with mental disorders , leading to various social movements attempting to increase understanding and challenge social exclusion . ___MASK17___ or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of disease , illness , injury , and other physical and mental impairments in human beings . ___MASK17___ is delivered by health professionals ( providers or practitioners ) in allied health professions , chiropractic , physicians , ___MASK74___ associates , dentistry , midwifery , nursing , medicine , optometry , pharmacy , psychology , and other health professions . It includes the work done in providing primary care , secondary care , and tertiary care , as well as in public health . A psychiatrist is a ___MASK74___ who specializes in psychiatry , the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis , prevention , study , and treatment of mental disorders . Psychiatrists are medical doctors , unlike psychologists , and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness , a combination of physical and mental ailments , or strictly psychiatric . Linguistic ___MASK54___ is the interdisciplinary study of how ___MASK55___ influences social life . It is a branch of ___MASK54___ that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages , and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of ___MASK55___ structure and use . ___MASK9___ is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe . In modern ___MASK96___ and ___MASK60___ , a parliament is a legislative , elected body of government . Generally a modern parliament has three functions : representing the electorate , making laws , and overseeing the government (" i . e .", hearings , inquiries ). Renkum is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands . The municipality had a population of in and has a land area of . Renkum is situated along the ___MASK12___ Rhine . The municipality Renkum is part of the " Stadsregio " ( ___MASK84___ : City region ) Arnhem - Nijmegen . Cannabis is a genus of flowering ___MASK77___ that includes three species ( and seven taxa ) or subspecies , " sativa ", " indica ", and " ruderalis ". The ___MASK77___ is indigenous to central ___MASK38___ and the Indian subcontinent . A ___MASK50___ is someone who practices philosophy , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science . The term " ___MASK50___ " comes from the Ancient Greek (" philosophos ") meaning " lover of wisdom ". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). Knowledge is a familiarity , awareness or understanding of someone or something , such as facts , ___MASK69___ , descriptions , or skills , which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving , discovering , or learning . A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political ___MASK98___ . A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state , as a non - sovereign or formerly sovereign political division , or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics . Regardless of the physical ___MASK98___ , in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945 , a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction .