place_of_death vincenc strouhal
A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics , the exploration of the interactions of matter and energy across the physical universe . Charles University , known also as Charles University in ___MASK5___ is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic . Founded in 1348 , it was the first university in Central Europe . It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation and ranks in the upper 1 . 5 percent of the world  s best universities . ___MASK5___ is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic . It is the 14th largest city in the European Union . It is also the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated in the north - west of the country on the Vltava river , the city is home to about 1 . 26 million people , while its larger urban zone is estimated to have a population of nearly 2 million . The city has a temperate climate , with warm summers and chilly winters . Physics ( from , from " phúsis " " nature ") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time , along with related concepts such as energy and force . One of the ___MASK41___ fundamental scientific disciplines , the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves . Vincenc Strouhal ( enk Strouhal ) ( April 10 , 1850 -- January 26 , 1922 ) was a Czech physicist specializing in experimental physics . He was one of the founders of the Physics department at Charles University . The Cavendish experiment , performed in 1797  1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish , was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant . Because of the unit conventions then in use , the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish ' s work . Instead , the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the Earth , or equivalently the mass of the Earth . His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants . The experiment was devised sometime before 1783 by geologist John Michell , who constructed a torsion balance apparatus for it . However , Michell died in 1793 without completing the work . After his death the apparatus passed to Francis John ___MASK7___ Wollaston and then to Henry Cavendish , who rebuilt the apparatus but kept close to Michell ' s original plan . Cavendish then carried out a series of measurements with the equipment and reported his results in the " Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society " in 1798 . Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub - disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments . Methods vary from discipline to discipline , from simple experiments and observations , such as the Cavendish experiment , to more complicated ones , such as the Large Hadron Collider . ___MASK44___ Europe lies between Eastern Europe and Western Europe . The concept of ___MASK44___ Europe is based on a common historical , social and cultural identity . ___MASK44___ Europe is going through a phase of " strategic awakening ", with initiatives such as the CEI , Centrope or V4 . While the region ' s economy shows high disparities with regard to income , all ___MASK44___ European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed . The Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) is the world ' s largest and ___MASK41___ powerful particle collider , ___MASK41___ complex experimental facility ever built , and the largest single machine in the world . It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10 , 000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries , as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories . It lies in a tunnel in circumference , as deep as beneath the France  Switzerland border near Geneva , Switzerland . Its first research run took place from 30 March 2010 to 13 February 2013 at an initial energy of 3 . 5 teraelectronvolts ( TeV ) per beam ( 7 TeV total ), almost 4 times more than the previous world record for a collider , rising to 4 TeV per beam ( 8 TeV total ) from 2012 . On 13 February 2013 the LHC ' s first run officially ended , and it was shut down for planned upgrades . ' Test ' collisions restarted in the upgraded collider on 5 April 2015 , reaching 6 . 5 TeV per beam on 20 May 2015 ( 13 TeV total , the current world record ). Its second research run commenced on schedule , on 3 June 2015 . The ___MASK11___ , also known by the short name Czechia , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , ___MASK76___ to the east and Poland to the northeast . The ___MASK11___ covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10 . 5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is ___MASK5___ , with over 1 . 2 million residents . The ___MASK11___ includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia .