given_name john macias
Pope ___MASK82___ XII , born ___MASK42___ Maria ___MASK37___ ___MASK87___ Pacelli ( 2 March 18769 October 1958 ), reigned as Pope from 2 March 1939 to his death in 1958 . Before his election to the papacy , Pacelli served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs , papal nuncio to Germany ( 1917  1929 ), and Cardinal Secretary of State , in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations , most notably the " Reichskonkordat " with Nazi Germany , with which most historians believe the Vatican sought to protect the Church in Germany while Adolf Hitler sought the destruction of " political Catholicism ". A pre - war critic of Nazism , ___MASK82___ XII lobbied world leaders to avoid war and , as Pope at the outbreak of war , issued " Summi Pontificatus ", expressing dismay at the invasion of Poland , reiterating Church teaching against racial persecution and calling for love , compassion and charity to prevail over war . ___MASK69___ (" ___MASK69___ ( e )" is ___MASK5___ for kite ) is a European anti - tank guided missile . Design of the ___MASK69___ started in 1962 , it was ready for trials in 1971 , and was accepted for service in 1972 . It is a wire guided SACLOS ( ___MASK52___ - automatic command to line - of - sight ) missile , which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the target to guide the missile . The ___MASK69___ can be equipped with a ___MASK17___ or MILIS thermal sight to give it night - firing ability . Pope ___MASK13___ VI , born ___MASK87___ Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini ( 26 September 1897  6 August 1978 ), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978 . Succeeding Pope John XXIII , he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965 , implementing its numerous reforms , and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants , which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements . Montini served in the Vatican ' s Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954 . While in the Secretariat of State , Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII , who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan , the largest Italian diocese . Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference . John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958 , and after the death of John XXIII , Montini was considered one of his most likely successors . Pope ___MASK18___ XXIII ( born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , ; 25 November 18813 June 1963 ) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014 . Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy . He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts , including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria , Greece and Turkey . In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal - Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice . A viceroy is a regal official who runs a country , colony , city , province , or sub - national state , in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory . The term derives from the Latin prefix " vice -", meaning " in the place of " and the ___MASK5___ word " roi ", meaning " ___MASK26___ ". A viceroy ' s territory ___MASK80___ be called a viceroyalty , though this term is not always applied . The adjectival form is viceregal , less often viceroyal . The term vicereine is sometimes used to indicate a female viceroy " suo jure ", although viceroy can serve as a gender - neutral term . Vicereine is more commonly used to indicate a viceroy ' s wife . The Americas , also collectively called ___MASK45___ , encompass the totality of the continents of North ___MASK45___ and South ___MASK45___ . Together they make up most of Earth ' s western hemisphere and comprise the " New World ". ___MASK15___ Macías , O . P . ( Spanish San Juan Macias alt . sp Massias ) ( 2 March 1585 Ribera del Fresno , Extremadura , Spain -- September 16 , 1645 , Lima , Viceroyalty of Peru ) , was a Spanish - born Dominican laybrother who evangelized in Peru in 1620 . He was canonized in 1975 by Pope Paul VI . His main image is located at the main altar of the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of Lima and is venerated by the local laity in Peru . A church was built in his honor in 1970 in San Luis , Lima , Peru . Extremadura is ___MASK93___ autonomous community of western Spain whose capital city is Mérida . Its component provinces are Cáceres and Badajoz . It is bordered by Portugal to the west . To the north it borders Castile and León ( provinces of Salamanca and Ávila ); to the south , it borders Andalusia ( provinces of Huelva , Seville , and Córdoba ); and to the east , it borders Castile  La Mancha ( provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real ). Its official language is Spanish . The Lima Metro , is a metropolitan railway operated by Argentine company Ferrovías and Peruvian company Graña y Montero , currently linking the district of Villa ___MASK54___ Salvador in the south of Lima with San Juan de Lurigancho in the east of the capital of Peru . The Lima Metropolitan Area ( also known as " Lima Metropolitana "), is ___MASK93___ area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian cities of Lima ( the nation ' s capital ) and Callao . It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru , the seventh largest in the Americas , the fourth largest in Latin America , and among the thirty largest in the world . The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s . The metropolitan area is composed of six subregions . These are the Lima Norte , Lima Sur , Lima Este , Residential Lima , Central Lima , and Callao . Its estimated 2015 population is 9 , 752 , 000 according to INEI statistics . ___MASK38___ Tardini ( 29 February 1888  30 July 1961 ) was a longtime aide to Pope ___MASK82___ XII in the Secretariat of State . Pope ___MASK15___ XXIII named him Cardinal Secretary of State and , in this position the most prominent member of the Roman Curia in Vatican City . The Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial administrative district , created in 1542 , that originally contained most of Spanish - ruled South ___MASK45___ , governed from the capital of Lima . The Viceroyalty of Peru was one of the two Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries . Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South ___MASK45___ . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is ___MASK93___ extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . ___MASK54___ Callao ( or ) is the chief seaport of Peru . The city is also called Provincia Constitucional ( Constitutional Province ), the only province of the Callao Region . The Historic Centre of Callao is located west of Historic Centre of Lima , the country ' s capital , and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area . Callao borders Lima Province on the north , east and south , and the Pacific Ocean on the west . The pope ( from " pappas ", a child ' s word for " father ") is the Bishop of Rome and , therefore , the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . The primacy of the ___MASK41___ bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter , to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of " binding and loosing ", naming him as the " rock " upon which the church would be built . The current pope is Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 , succeeding Benedict XVI . Andalusia is a Spanish region established as ___MASK93___ autonomous community . It is the most populated and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as " historical nationality ". The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville ( Spanish : " Sevilla "). Ribera ___MASK34___ Fresno is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz , Extremadura , Spain . , the municipality has a population of 3 , 466 inhabitants . The College of Cardinals , formerly styled Sacred College of Cardinals , is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church . Functions . A function of the college is to advise the pope about church matters when he summons them to ___MASK93___ ordinary consistory , a term derived from the Roman Emperor ' s crown council . It also attends various functions as a matter of protocol , for example , during the canonization process . It also convenes on the death or resignation of a pope as a papal conclave to elect a successor , but is then restricted to eligible Cardinals under the ___MASK58___ limit , which was set for the first time in 1970 by Pope Paul VI at 80 . Pope ___MASK82___ XI , born ___MASK9___ Damiano Achille Ratti ( 31 ___MASK80___ 1857  10 February 1939 ), reigned as Pope from 6 February 1922 to his death in 1939 . He was the first sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 . He took as his papal motto , " Pax Christi in Regno Christi ," translated " The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ ." Lima ( Spanish : , Quechua : , Aymara : ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous ___MASK97___ area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of almost 10 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the second - largest city in the Americas ( as defined by " city proper "), behind São ___MASK63___ and before Mexico City . Mexico City , officially City of Mexico (, ; abbreviated as " CDMX "), is the capital and most populous city of the United Mexican States . As ___MASK93___ " alpha " global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico (" Valle de México "), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at ___MASK93___ altitude of . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ). Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe , with two large archipelagos , the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast , two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by ___MASK19___ , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . It is the only European country to have a border with ___MASK93___ African country ( Morocco ) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5 % of its population , mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla . São ___MASK63___ (" Saint ___MASK13___ " in English ) is a municipality located in the southeast region of Brazil . The metropolis is ___MASK93___ alpha global city  as listed by the GaWC  and is the most populous city in Brazil , the Americas , and in the Southern Hemisphere . The municipality is also Earth ' s 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the homonymous state of São ___MASK63___ , Brazil ' s most populous and wealthiest state . It exerts strong international influence in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors Saint ___MASK13___ of Tarsus . The city ' s metropolitan area of Greater São ___MASK63___ ranks as the most populous in Brazil , the 11th most populous on Earth , and largest Portuguese - speaking city in the world . Castile and ___MASK51___ ( Leonese : " Castiella y Llión " ) is ___MASK93___ autonomous community in north - western Spain . It was constituted in 1983 , although it existed for the first time during the First Spanish Republic in the 19th century . ___MASK51___ first appeared as a Kingdom in 910 , whilst the Kingdom of Castile gained ___MASK93___ independent identity in 1065 and was intermittently held in personal union with ___MASK51___ before merging with it permanently in 1230 . It is the largest autonomous community in Spain and the third largest region of the European Union , covering ___MASK93___ area of with ___MASK93___ official population of around 2 . 5 million ( 2011 ). The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council ( more commonly known as the Second Vatican Council , or informally as Vatican II ) addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world . It was the twenty - first and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and the second to be held at St . ___MASK8___ ' s Basilica in the Vatican . The council , through the Holy See , formally opened under the pontificate of Pope ___MASK15___ XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1965 .