instance_of millennium challenge corporation
The Marshall ___MASK81___ ( officially the European Recovery Program , ERP ) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe , in which the United States gave over $ 12 billion ( approximately $ 120 billion in current dollar value as of ___MASK69___ 2016 ) in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II . The plan was in operation for four years beginning April 8 , 1948 . The goals of the United States were to rebuild war - devastated regions , remove trade barriers , modernize industry , make Europe prosperous again , and prevent the spread of communism . The Marshall ___MASK81___ required a lessening of interstate barriers , a dropping of many regulations , and encouraged an increase in productivity , labour union membership , as well as the adoption of modern business procedures . The Millennium Challenge Corporation ( MCC ) is a bilateral United States foreign aid ___MASK85___ established by the U . S . Congress in 2004 , applying a new philosophy toward foreign aid . It is an independent ___MASK85___ separate from the State Department and USAID . United States foreign aid is aid given by the United States ___MASK22___ to other governments . It can be divided into two broad categories : military aid and economic assistance . Other large sums are given to non - ___MASK22___ agencies and individuals in other countries through American foundations , churches and other organizations . Millions of individuals in the United States remit sums to their own relatives abroad , but that is not counted as " foreign aid ". Foreign aid has been given to a ___MASK6___ of recipients , including developing countries , countries of strategic importance to the United States , and countries recovering from war . The ___MASK22___ channels about half of its economic assistance through a specialized agency , the United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ). Government - sponsored foreign aid began a systematic fashion after World War II , with the Marshall Plan of 1948 and the Mutual Security Act of 1951 - 61 . It has been politically highly charged , as most Americans believe the amount of aid given is much higher than the amount stated by the ___MASK22___ . In the 21st century , the US ___MASK22___ operates five major categories of foreign assistance : bilateral development aid ( the largest amount ), economic assistance supporting U . S . political and security goals , humanitarian aid , multilateral economic contributions , and military aid . The United States ___MASK85___ for International Development ( USAID ) is the United States ___MASK77___ which is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid . Americans are citizens of the United States of America . The ___MASK70___ is ___MASK8___ to people of many different national origins . As a result , Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity , but with citizenship and allegiance . Although citizens make up the majority of Americans , non - citizen residents , dual citizens , and expatriates ___MASK43___ also claim an American identity . The Mutual ___MASK10___ Act of 1951 launched a major American foreign aid program , 1951 - 61 , of grants to numerous countries . It largely replaced the Marshall Plan . The main ___MASK86___ was to help poor countries develop and to contain the spread of communism . It was a signed on October 10 , 1951 by President Harry S . Truman . Annual authorizations were about $ 7 . 5 billion , out of a GDP of $ 340bn in 1951 , for military , economic , and technical foreign aid to American allies . The aid was aimed primarily at shoring up Western Europe , as the Cold War developed . In 1961 it was replaced by new foreign aid program . The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , created the Agency for International Development ( AID ), which focused more on Latin America .