instance_of enos 
The ___MASK47___ ( or ; " Pan paniscus "), formerly called the pygmy ___MASK18___ and less often , the ___MASK68___ or gracile ___MASK18___ , is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the ___MASK69___ " Pan "; the other is " ___MASK55___ ", or the common ___MASK18___ . Although the name " ___MASK18___ " is sometimes used to refer to both species together , it is usually understood as referring to the common ___MASK18___ , whereas " Pan paniscus " is usually referred to as the ___MASK47___ . Gorillas are ground - ___MASK66___ , predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa . The eponymous genus " Gorilla " is divided into two species : the eastern gorillas and the western gorillas ( both critically endangered ), and either four or five subspecies . They are the largest living primates . The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans , from 95  99 % depending on what is counted , and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos . Aerospace is the ___MASK39___ effort in ___MASK43___ , engineering and business to fly in the atmosphere of Earth ( aeronautics ) and surrounding space ( astronautics ). Aerospace organisations research , ___MASK86___ , manufacture , operate , or maintain aircraft and / or ___MASK46___ . Aerospace activity is very diverse , with a multitude of commercial , industrial and ___MASK14___ applications . Aeronautics ( from the ancient Greek words  " r ", which means " air ", and  " nautik " which means " ___MASK19___ ", i . e . " ___MASK19___ into the air ") is the ___MASK43___ or ___MASK57___ involved with the study , ___MASK86___ , and manufacturing of air flight capable machines , and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere . The British Royal Aeronautical ___MASK20___ identifies the aspects of " aeronautical Art , Science and Engineering " and " the profession of Aeronautics ( which expression includes Astronautics )." Chimpanzees ( sometimes called chimps ) are one of the ___MASK48___ ___MASK28___ of the ___MASK69___ " Pan ", the other being the bonobo . Together with gorillas , they are the only exclusively African ___MASK28___ of great ape that are currently extant . Native to sub - Saharan Africa , both chimpanzees and bonobos are currently found in the Congo jungle . The National Aeronautics and ___MASK74___ ___MASK45___ ( NASA ) is an independent agency of the ___MASK63___ of the United States ___MASK7___ responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research . Enos ( died November 4 , 1962 ) was the second ___MASK18___ launched into space and the first ___MASK18___ to achieve Earth orbit . Enos was brought from the Miami Rare Bird Farm on April 3 , 1960 . He completed more than ___MASK78___ , 250 training hours at the University of Kentucky and Holloman Air Force Base . Training was more intense for him than for his predecessor Ham , because Enos was exposed to weightlessness and higher gs for longer periods of time . His training included psychomotor instruction and aircraft flights . Enos was selected for flight only three days before launch . Two months prior , NASA launched Mercury Atlas 4 on September 13 , 1961 , to conduct an identical mission with a `` crewman simulator '' on board . Enos flew into space aboard Mercury Atlas 5 on November 29 , 1961 . He completed his first orbit in ___MASK78___ hour and 28 . 5 minutes . Enos was scheduled to complete three orbits , but aborted after two due to improper attitude . Observers witnessed Enos jumping for joy , running around the recovery ships ' s deck ( USS Stormes DD - 780 ) , and enthusiastically shaking his rescuer ' s hands . Enos ' s flight was a full dress rehearsal for the next Mercury launch on February 20 , 1962 , which would make Lt . Colonel John Glenn the first American to orbit Earth , after astronauts Alan Shepard , Jr . and Gus Grissom ' s successful suborbital space flights . On November 4 , 1962 , Enos died of shigellosis - related dysentery , which was resistant to then - known antibiotics . He was constantly observed for two months before his death . Pathologists reported no symptoms that could be attributed or related to his previous space flight . Many believe Enos ' s remains were dissected like Ham , who was extensively studied postmortem at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology . Some of Ham ' s remains , minus the skeleton ( which remained with AIP ) , were buried at the International Space Hall of Fame in New Mexico . Recent attempts by space scholars to locate Enos ' s remains were unsuccessful . Some confirmed post - mortem study was undertaken , but no further trail exists . Enos ' s body may have been discarded when examinations completed . . In ___MASK8___ , a ___MASK28___ ( abbreviated sp ., with the plural form ___MASK28___ abbreviated spp .) is the basic unit of ___MASK49___ and a taxonomic rank . A ___MASK28___ is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile ___MASK95___ , typically by sexual reproduction . While this definition is often adequate , looked at more closely it is often problematic . For example , in a ___MASK28___ complex , the boundaries between closely related ___MASK28___ become unclear or disappear altogether . Other ways of defining ___MASK28___ include similarity of DNA , morphology , or ecological niche . The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide ___MASK28___ into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies . A ___MASK69___ ( genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the ___MASK49___ of living and fossil organisms in biology . In the ___MASK21___ of ___MASK49___ , ___MASK69___ comes above species and below family . In binomial nomenclature , the ___MASK69___ name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the ___MASK69___ . Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous ___MASK51___ . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The ___MASK51___ is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The ___MASK51___ includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . Sub - Saharan Africa is , geographically , the ___MASK6___ of the ___MASK51___ of Africa that lies south of the Sahara desert . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub - Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world .