depicts man of sorrows
Hebrew ___MASK84___ or Hebrew Scriptures is the term used by biblical scholars to refer to the " Tanakh ", the canonical collection of Jewish texts , which is the common textual source of several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament . They are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew , with some passages in Biblical Aramaic ( in the books of ___MASK83___ , Ezra and a few others ). Jesus (; c . 4 BC  c . AD 30 / 33 ), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or ___MASK30___ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the ___MASK86___ of ___MASK7___ and the awaited Messiah ( ___MASK78___ ) prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as " rabbi ". He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow ___MASK7___ , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian ___MASK26___ . Biblical Aramaic is the form of Aramaic that is used in the books of ___MASK83___ , Ezra and a few other places in the Hebrew Bible . It should not be confused with the Aramaic paraphrases , explanations and expansions of the Jewish scriptures , which are known as " targumim ". Bernhard Lauardus Duhm ( October 10 , 1847  November 1 , 1928 ) was a German Lutheran theologian born in Bingum , today ___MASK82___ of Leer , East Frisia . The Servant songs ( also called the Servant poems or the Songs of the Suffering Servant ) are songs in the ___MASK80___ of Isaiah in the Hebrew ___MASK84___ . They were first identified by Bernhard Duhm in his 1892 commentary on Isaiah . The songs are four poems written about a certain " servant of YHWH ." ___MASK7___ calls the servant to lead the nations , but the servant is horribly abused among them . In the end , he is rewarded . Biblical Hebrew (" Ivrit Miqra ' it " or " Leshon ha - Miqra "), also called Classical Hebrew , is an archaic form of Hebrew , a Canaanite Semitic language spoken by the Israelites in the area known as Israel , roughly west of the Jordan ___MASK9___ and east of the Mediterranean ___MASK88___ . The term " Hebrew " was not used for the language in the Bible , which was referred to as Canaanite or Judahite , but the name was used in Greek and Mishnaic Hebrew texts . Biblical Hebrew is attested from about the 10th century BCE , and persisted through and beyond the Second Temple period , which ended in the siege of Jerusalem ( AD 70 ). The ___MASK73___ of Jesus occurred in 1st century Judea , most probably between the years 30 and 33 AD . Jesus ' ___MASK73___ is described in the four canonical gospels , referred to in the New Testament epistles , attested to by other ancient sources , and is established as a historical event confirmed by non - Christian sources , although , among historians , there is no consensus on the precise details of what exactly occurred . The ___MASK84___ ( from Koine Greek   , " tà biblía ", " the books ") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between ___MASK7___ and humans . The ___MASK80___ of Isaiah is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew ___MASK84___ and the first of the Major Prophets in English Bibles . The book is identified by a superscription as the works of the 8th - century BCE prophet Isaiah ben Amoz , but there is ample evidence that much of it was composed during the Babylonian captivity and later . Bernhard Duhm originated the view , held as a consensus through most of the 20th century , that the book comprises three separate collections of oracles : " Proto - Isaiah " ( chapters 1  39 ), containing the words of Isaiah ; " Deutero - Isaiah " ( chapters 40  55 ), the work of an anonymous 6th - century BCE author ___MASK64___ during the Exile ; and " Trito - Isaiah " ( chapters 56  66 ), composed after the return from Exile . While virtually no one today attributes the entire book , or even most of it , to one person , the book ' s essential unity has become a focus in current research . Isaiah 1  33 promises judgment and restoration for Judah , Jerusalem and the nations , and chapters 34  66 presume that judgment has been pronounced and restoration follows soon . It can thus be read as an extended ___MASK62___ on the destiny of Jerusalem into and after the Exile . Isaiah ( or ; The exact relationship between the ___MASK80___ of Isaiah and any such historical Isaiah is complicated . The traditional view is that all 66 chapters of the ___MASK80___ of Isaiah were written by one ___MASK23___ , Isaiah -- possibly in two periods between 740 BCE and c . 686 BCE , separated by approximately 15 years -- and includes dramatic prophetic declarations of Cyrus the Great in the Bible , acting to restore the nation of Israel from exile in Babylon . One widespread view sees parts of the first half of the ___MASK80___ ( chapters 1  39 ) as originating with the historical prophet , interspersed with prose commentaries written in the time of ___MASK36___ Josiah a hundred years later ; with the remainder of the ___MASK80___ dating from immediately before and immediately after the end of the exile in Babylon , almost two centuries after the time of the original prophet . The Old Testament is the first section of the Christian ___MASK84___ , based primarily upon the Hebrew ___MASK84___ ( or Tanakh ), a collection of religious writings by ancient Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of ___MASK7___ . It is the counterpart to the New Testament , the second portion of the Christian ___MASK84___ . The Old Testament canon varies between Christian Churches . Protestants have a version with 39 books . Catholics have a version with 46 books , and Eastern Orthodox , and Oriental Orthodox Churches choose the Old Testament version with 49 books . According to three of the canonical Gospels a woven ___MASK94___ of thorns was placed on the ___MASK49___ of Jesus during the events leading up to the ___MASK73___ of Jesus . It was one of the instruments of the Passion , employed by Jesus ' captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority . It is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew ( 27 : 29 ), Mark ( 15 : 17 ), and John ( 19 : 2 , 5 ) and is often alluded to by the early Church Fathers , such as Clement of Alexandria , Origen , and others . Titus Flavius Clemens ( c . 150  c . 215 ), known as Clement of Alexandria to distinguish him from the earlier Clement of ___MASK63___ , was a Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria . A convert to Christianity , he was an educated man who was familiar with classical Greek philosophy and literature . As his three major works demonstrate , Clement was influenced by Hellenistic philosophy to a greater extent than any other Christian thinker of his time , and in particular by Plato and the Stoics . His secret works , which exist only in fragments , suggest that he was also familiar with pre - Christian Jewish esotericism and Gnosticism . In one of his works he argued that Greek philosophy had its origin among non - ___MASK79___ , claiming that both Plato and ___MASK37___ were taught by Egyptian scholars . Among his pupils were Origen and Alexander of Jerusalem . The Tanakh ( or ; also " Tenakh ", " Tenak ", " Tanach ") or Mikra or Hebrew ___MASK84___ is the canonical collection of Jewish texts , which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament . These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew , with some passages in Biblical Aramaic ( in the books of ___MASK83___ , Ezra and a few others ). The traditional Hebrew text is known as the Masoretic Text . The Tanakh consists of twenty - four books . ___MASK23___ of Sorrows is paramount among the prefigurations of the Messiah identified by Christians in the passages of Isaiah 53 ( Servant songs ) in the Hebrew Bible . It is also an iconic devotional image that shows ___MASK78___ , usually naked above the waist , with the wounds of his ___MASK77___ prominently displayed on his hands and side ( the `` ostentatio vulnerum '' , a feature of other standard types of image ) , often crowned with the Crown of Thorns and sometimes attended by angels . It developed in Europe from the 13th century , and was especially popular in Northern Europe . The image continued to spread and develop iconographical complexity until well after the Renaissance , but the ___MASK23___ of Sorrows in its many artistic forms is the most precise visual expression of the piety of the later Middle Ages , which took its character from mystical contemplation rather than from theological speculation `` . Together with the Pietà , it was the most popular of the andachtsbilder - type images of the period - devotional images detached from the narrative of ___MASK78___ ' s ___MASK77___ , intended for meditation . In Abrahamic religions , the Messiah or Messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of ___MASK22___ , more specifically , the Jewish ___MASK22___ . Isaiah 53 is the fifty - third chapter of the ___MASK80___ of Isaiah in the Hebrew ___MASK84___ or the Old Testament of the Christian ___MASK84___ . This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Isaiah , and is a part of the ___MASK80___ of the Prophets . A Christian ( or ) is a ___MASK35___ who follows or adheres to Christianity , an Abrahamic , monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of ___MASK30___ . " Christian " derives from the Koine Greek word " Christós " (  ), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term " mashiach ".