located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity braeriach
The Highlands (" the place ___MASK98___ the Gaels ") are a historic region ___MASK98___ Scotland . The region became culturally distinguishable from the Lowlands from the later Middle Ages into the modern period , when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most ___MASK98___ the Lowlands . The term is also used for the area north and west ___MASK98___ the Highland Boundary Fault , although the exact boundaries are not clearly defined , particularly to the east . The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands . The Scottish Gaelic name ___MASK98___ " A ' Ghàidhealtachd " literally means " the place ___MASK98___ the Gaels " and traditionally , from a Gaelic - speaking point ___MASK98___ view , includes both the Western Isles and the Highlands . The Cairngorms ( Scottish Gaelic : " Am Monadh Ruadh ") are a ___MASK78___ range in the eastern Highlands ___MASK98___ Scotland closely associated with the ___MASK78___ ___MASK98___ the same name  Cairn Gorm . ___MASK46___ (; Jèrriais : " Jèrri " [ ri ]), officially the Bailiwick ___MASK98___ ___MASK46___ ( Jèrriais : " Bailliage dé Jèrri "), is a Crown dependency ___MASK98___ the United Kingdom , ruled by the Crown in right ___MASK98___ ___MASK46___ , off the coast ___MASK98___ Normandy , France . ___MASK46___ was part ___MASK98___ the Duchy ___MASK98___ Normandy , whose dukes went on to become kings ___MASK98___ England from 1066 . After Normandy was lost by the kings ___MASK98___ England in the 13th century , and the ducal title surrendered to France , ___MASK46___ and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown . An archipelago , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection ___MASK98___ islands . The word " archipelago " is derived from the Greek "  -  arkhi -" (" chief ") and "   pélagos " (" sea ") through the Italian " arcipelago ". In Italian , possibly following a tradition ___MASK98___ antiquity , the Archipelago ( from medieval Greek "*  " and Latin " archipelagus ") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and , later , usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number ___MASK98___ islands ). It is now used to refer to any island group or , sometimes , to a sea containing a small number ___MASK98___ scattered islands . The Isle ___MASK98___ Man , also known simply as Mann , is a self - governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and ___MASK74___ Ireland . The head ___MASK98___ state is Queen Elizabeth II , who holds the title ___MASK98___ Lord ___MASK98___ Mann . The Lord ___MASK98___ Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor . Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility ___MASK98___ the British Government . The ___MASK34___ are a group ___MASK98___ islands off the north - western coast ___MASK98___ continental Europe that consist ___MASK98___ the islands ___MASK98___ Great Britain , Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles . Situated in the North Atlantic , the islands have a total area ___MASK98___ approximately 315 , 159 km , and a combined population ___MASK98___ just under 70 million . Two sovereign states are located on the islands : Ireland ( which covers roughly five - sixths ___MASK98___ the island with the same name ) and the United Kingdom ___MASK98___ Great Britain and ___MASK74___ Ireland . The ___MASK34___ also include three Crown Dependencies : the Isle ___MASK98___ Man and , by tradition , the Bailiwick ___MASK98___ Jersey and the Bailiwick ___MASK98___ Guernsey in the Channel Islands , although the latter are not physically a part ___MASK98___ the archipelago . Long - lying snow patches in ___MASK18___ have been noted from at least the 18th century , with snow patches on Ben Nevis being observed well into summer and autumn . Indeed , the summit ___MASK77___ , which operated from 1883 to 1904 , reported that snow survived on the north - east cliffs through more years than it vanished . Mar Lodge Estate is a Scottish ___MASK56___ estate in ___MASK68___ , owned by the National Trust for Scotland . It is entirely contained within the Cairngorms National Park and important for nature conservation , landscape , recreation and culture . There are many separate places and structures on the Estate , among which Mar Lodge is the principal building . A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body ___MASK98___ dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight ; it forms where the accumulation ___MASK98___ snow exceeds its ablation ( melting and sublimation ) over many years , often centuries . Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight , creating crevasses , seracs , and other distinguishing features . They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines . Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface ___MASK98___ bodies ___MASK98___ water . Sintering is the process ___MASK98___ compacting and forming a solid mass ___MASK98___ material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point ___MASK98___ liquefaction . The Kingdom ___MASK98___ Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty ___MASK98___ Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts ___MASK98___ Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms ___MASK98___ England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island ___MASK98___ Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in ___MASK93___ . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King ___MASK98___ Scots , became King ___MASK98___ England and King ___MASK98___ Ireland in 1603 following the death ___MASK98___ Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a " Union ___MASK98___ the Crowns ". Also after the accession ___MASK98___ George I to the throne ___MASK98___ Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate ___MASK98___ Hanover . Groundwater ( or ground water ) is the water present beneath ___MASK10___ ' s surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations . A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water . The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table . Groundwater is recharged from , and eventually flows to , the surface naturally ; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps , and can form oases or wetlands . Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural , municipal , and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells . The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology , also called groundwater hydrology . Great Britain , also known as Britain , is a large island in the ___MASK65___ ___MASK31___ off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth - largest in the world . In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people , making it the world ' s third - most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it , and together these islands , along with over 1 , 000 smaller surrounding islands , comprise the British Isles archipelago . The Crown dependencies are three territories ___MASK98___ the United Kingdom : the Isle ___MASK98___ Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks ___MASK98___ Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . Being independently administered jurisdictions , they do not form part ___MASK98___ either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self - governing possessions ___MASK98___ the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ). Internationally , the dependencies are considered " territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible " rather than as sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states ___MASK98___ the Commonwealth ___MASK98___ Nations . However , they do have a relationship with the Commonwealth , the ___MASK12___ , and other international organisations and are members ___MASK98___ the British  Irish Council . They are not part ___MASK98___ the ___MASK12___ ( EU ), although they are within the EU ' s customs area . ___MASK18___ ( Scots : ) is a country that is part ___MASK98___ the United Kingdom and covers the ___MASK74___ third ___MASK98___ the island ___MASK98___ Great Britain . It shares a border with England to the south , and is otherwise surrounded by the ___MASK31___ , with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south - west . In addition to the mainland , the country is made up ___MASK98___ more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic , sometimes also referred to as Gaelic (" ), is a Celtic language native to ___MASK18___ . A member ___MASK98___ the Goidelic branch ___MASK98___ the Celtic languages , Scottish Gaelic , like Modern Irish and Manx , developed out ___MASK98___ Middle Irish . ___MASK74___ Ireland (; Ulster Scots : "") is a top - level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland . It is variously described as a country , province , region , or " part " of the United Kingdom , amongst other terms . ___MASK74___ Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was 1 , 810 , 863 , constituting about 30 % of the island ' s total population and about 3 % of the UK ' s population . Established by the ___MASK74___ Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the ___MASK74___ Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British government . ___MASK74___ Ireland co - operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to " put forward views and proposals " with " determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments ". Braeriach ( Scottish Gaelic : Bràigh Riabhach / Am Bràigh Riabhach ) is the third highest ___MASK78___ in the British Isles , surpassed only by Ben Nevis and Ben Macdui . It is the highest point in the western massif ___MASK98___ the Cairngorms , separated from the central section ( containing Ben Macdui and Cairn Gorm ) by the pass ___MASK98___ the Lairig Ghru . The summit has a crescent shape , with several corries . In the north - facing corrie ___MASK98___ Garbh Coire Mor the snow has completely melted just 5 times in the last century : 1933 , 1959 , 1996 , 2003 & 2006 and the patches that linger there are the longest lying snow patches in Scotland . Probably the most commonly used route up Braeriach starts from Sugar Bowl car park , on the road leading the Cairn Gorm ski area . From here a path leads over the hillside to a steep sided rocky ravine known as the Chalamain Gap , before descending around 100 m to the Lairig Ghru . After crossing this pass the route heads for the summit via Braeriach ' s north ridge , crossing a subsidiary peak , Sròn na Lairige . The summit is about 9 km from the car park by this route . A lake is an area ___MASK98___ variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any ___MASK49___ or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . ___MASK62___ lie on land and are not part ___MASK98___ the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . ___MASK62___ can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most ___MASK62___ are fed and drained by rivers and streams . A ___MASK78___ is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form ___MASK98___ a peak . A ___MASK78___ is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface ___MASK98___ the ___MASK10___ . Mountains erode slowly through the action ___MASK98___ rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge ___MASK78___ ranges . Cairn Gorm (" Cairngorm ") ( Gaelic : An Càrn Gorm , meaning " Blue or Green ___MASK2___ ") is a ___MASK78___ in the Scottish Highlands overlooking Strathspey and the town ___MASK98___ Aviemore . At 1245 metres ( 4084 ft ) it is the sixth - highest ___MASK78___ in the United Kingdom . It has given its name to the whole range , although these hills were historically known as " Am Monadh Ruadh " ( the Red Hills ) rather than the Cairngorms . Cairn Gorm is the most prominent ___MASK98___ the Cairngorm mountains in the view from Aviemore , but it is not the highest . ___MASK47___ is one ___MASK98___ the four cardinal directions or points ___MASK98___ the compass . It is the opposite direction from east . A ___MASK78___ pass is a route through a ___MASK78___ range or over a ridge . Since many ___MASK98___ the world ' s ___MASK78___ ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel , passes have been important since before recorded history , and have played a key role in trade , war , and migration . At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass . The highest pass is ___MASK89___ Pass , located in the Himalayas on the border between India and ___MASK54___ . Ben Nevis is the highest ___MASK78___ in the British Isles , located in Scotland . Standing at above sea level , it is located at the western end ___MASK98___ the Grampian Mountains in the Lochaber area ___MASK98___ the Scottish Highlands , close to the town ___MASK98___ Fort William . Continental ___MASK75___ , also referred to as ___MASK21___ ___MASK75___ , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent ___MASK98___ ___MASK75___ , excluding surrounding islands . The ___MASK6___ ___MASK98___ Great Britain and ___MASK74___ Ireland , commonly known as the ___MASK6___ ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast ___MASK98___ the European mainland , it includes the island ___MASK98___ Great Britain ( the name ___MASK98___ which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part ___MASK98___ the island ___MASK98___ Ireland , and many smaller islands . ___MASK74___ Ireland is the only part ___MASK98___ the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic ___MASK98___ Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the ___MASK31___ , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area ___MASK98___ , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Snow patch is a geomorphological pattern ___MASK98___ snow and firn accumulation which lies on the surface longer time than other seasonal snow cover . There are two types to distinguish ; seasonal snow patches and perennial snow patches . Seasonal patches usually melt during the late summer but later than rest ___MASK98___ the snow . Perennial snow patches are stable for more than two years and also have bigger influence to surroundings . ( Demek , 1987 ). Snowpack forms from layers ___MASK98___ snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year . Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as they melt . Therefore , snowpacks are both the drinking water source for many communities and a potential source ___MASK98___ flooding ( in case ___MASK98___ sudden melting ). Snowpacks also contribute mass to glaciers in their accumulation zone . Aviemore (" The big [ ___MASK78___ ] face ") is a town and tourist resort , situated within the Cairngorms National Park in the Highlands ___MASK98___ Scotland . It is in the Badenoch and Strathspey committee area , within the Highland council area . The town is popular for skiing and other winter sports , and for hill - walking in the Cairngorm Mountains . There are excellent views ___MASK98___ the Cairngorms from various places within the town , especially from the railway station . The Aviemore stone circle is located within a residential neighbourhood ___MASK98___ the town . ___MASK11___ ( Ulster - Scots : ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George ' s Channel . ___MASK11___ is the second - largest island ___MASK98___ the British Isles , the third - largest in Europe , and the twentieth - largest on ___MASK10___ . The Lairig Ghru is one ___MASK98___ the mountain passes through the Cairngorms ___MASK98___ Scotland . The route and mountain pass partially lies on the Mar Lodge Estate . Middle Irish ( sometimes called Middle Gaelic ) is the Goidelic language which was spoken in ___MASK11___ , most ___MASK98___ Scotland and the Isle ___MASK98___ Man from the 10th to 12th centuries ; it is therefore a contemporary ___MASK98___ late Old English and early Middle English . The modern Goidelic languages  Irish , Scottish Gaelic and Manx  are all descendants ___MASK98___ Middle Irish . ___MASK58___ is an area in the west ___MASK98___ the Scottish Highlands . Historically it referred to the area between Loch Linnhe and Loch Leven , around the town ___MASK98___ Fort William . It is now also used to refer to a much wider area , one ___MASK98___ the 16 ward management areas ___MASK98___ the Highland Council ___MASK98___ Scotland and one ___MASK98___ eight former local government districts ___MASK98___ the two - tier Highland region . The ___MASK73___ ( Norman : " Îles d ' la Manche ", French : " Îles Anglo - Normandes " or " Îles de la Manche ") are an archipelago in the English Channel , off the French coast ___MASK98___ Normandy . They include two Crown dependencies : the Bailiwick ___MASK98___ Jersey , consisting ___MASK98___ Jersey , the largest ___MASK98___ the islands ; and the Bailiwick ___MASK98___ Guernsey , consisting ___MASK98___ Guernsey , Alderney , Sark and some smaller islands . They are considered the remnants ___MASK98___ the Duchy ___MASK98___ Normandy , and although they are not part ___MASK98___ the United Kingdom , it is responsible for the defence and international relations ___MASK98___ the islands . The Crown dependencies are not members ___MASK98___ the Commonwealth ___MASK98___ Nations nor ___MASK98___ the ___MASK12___ . They have a total population ___MASK98___ about 168 , 000 , and the bailiwicks ' respective capitals , Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port , have populations ___MASK98___ 33 , 500 and 16 , 488 , respectively . The total area ___MASK98___ the islands is 198 km . Snow pertains to frozen crystalline water throughout its life cycle , starting when it precipitates from clouds and accumulates on surfaces , then metamorphoses in place , and ultimately melts , slides or sublimates away . Snowstorms organize and develop by feeding on sources ___MASK98___ atmospheric moisture and cold air . Snowflakes nucleate around particles in the atmosphere by attracting supercooled water droplets , which freeze in hexagonal - shaped crystals . Snowflakes take on a variety ___MASK98___ shapes , basic among these are platelets , needles , columns and rime . As snow accumulates into a snowpack , it may blow into drifts . Over time , accumulated snow metamorphoses , by sintering , sublimation and freeze - thaw . Where the climate is cold enough for year - to - year accumulation , a glacier may form . Otherwise , snow typically melts , seasonally , and causes runoff into streams and rivers and recharging groundwater .