is_a_list_of high commissioner for southern africa
In geography , regions are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography ), ___MASK64___ impact characteristics ( ___MASK64___ geography ), and the interaction of humanity and the environment ( environmental geography ). Geographic regions and sub - regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined , and sometimes transitory boundaries , except in ___MASK64___ geography , where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law . Suzerainty ( or ) is a situation in which a powerful region or ___MASK93___ controls the foreign policy and international relations of a tributary vassal state while allowing the subservient nation internal autonomy . The dominant ___MASK20___ in the suzerainty relationship , or the more powerful ___MASK20___ itself , is called a suzerain . The term suzerainty was first used to refer to the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and its surrounding regions . It differs from sovereignty in that the tributary enjoys some ( often limited ) self - rule . Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent , variably defined by geography or geopolitics , and including several countries . The ___MASK39___ " southern Africa " or " Southern Africa ", generally includes Angola , Botswana , Lesotho , Malawi , Mozambique , Namibia , South Africa , Swaziland , Zambia , and Zimbabwe . From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power . Namibia , officially the Republic of Namibia ( German : ), is a ___MASK25___ in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean . It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River ( essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana / Zambia micro - border ) separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian ___MASK26___ . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ), the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ), the African Union ( AU ), and the Commonwealth of Nations . Botswana , officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked ___MASK25___ located in Southern Africa . The citizens refer to themselves as " Batswana " ( singular : " Motswana "). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland , Botswana adopted its new ___MASK71___ after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966 . Since then , it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy , with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections . The Bechuanaland Protectorate was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885 , by the United ___MASK4___ and Ireland in southern Africa . It became the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966 . Geopolitics ( from Greek  " ge " " earth , land " and  " politik " " politics ") is the study of the effects of geography ( ___MASK64___ and physical ) on international politics and international relations . Geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to understand , explain and predict international political behavior through geographical variables . These include area studies , climate , topography , demography , natural resources , and applied science of the region being evaluated . Malawi ( or ; or [ maláwi ]), officially the Republic of Malawi , is a landlocked ___MASK25___ in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland . It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest , Tanzania to the northeast , and Mozambique on the east , south and west . The ___MASK25___ is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by ___MASK24___ Malawi . Malawi is over with an estimated population of 16 , 777 , 547 ( July 2013 est .). Its capital is Lilongwe , which is also Malawi ' s largest ___MASK36___ ; the second largest is Blantyre , the third is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba . The ___MASK71___ Malawi comes from the Maravi , an old ___MASK71___ of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area . The ___MASK25___ is also nicknamed " The Warm Heart of Africa ". A landlocked ___MASK11___ or landlocked country is a ___MASK29___ entirely enclosed by land , or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas . There are currently 48 such countries , including four partially recognised states . Only two , Bolivia and Paraguay in South America , lie outside Afro - Eurasia ( the Old World ). The Cape of Good Hope , also known as the Cape Colony , was a British colony in present - day South Africa and Namibia , named after the Cape of Good Hope . The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same ___MASK71___ , the " Kaap de Goede Hoop ", established in 1652 by the Dutch East India ___MASK17___ . The Dutch lost the colony to Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg , but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens . It was re - occupied by the British following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806 , and British possession affirmed with the Anglo - Dutch Treaty of 1814 . The United ___MASK4___ and Ireland was established as a sovereign state on 1 January 1801 by the Acts of Union 1800 , which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland . The growing desire for an Irish Republic led to the Irish ___MASK26___ , which resulted in Ireland seceding from the Union and forming the Irish Free State in 1922 . Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom , and the state was consequently renamed the " United ___MASK4___ and Northern Ireland ". Zimbabwe , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked ___MASK25___ located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that ___MASK25___ . The ___MASK87___ and largest ___MASK36___ is Harare . A ___MASK25___ of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . A settler is a ___MASK83___ who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there , often to colonize the area . Settlers are generally from a sedentary culture , as opposed to nomads who share and rotate their settlements with little or no concept of individual land ownership . Settlements are often built on land already claimed or owned by another group . Many times settlers are backed by governments or large countries . Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million ___MASK15___ miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion ___MASK93___ as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . A ___MASK29___ is , in international law , a nonphysical juridical ___MASK20___ that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area . International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population , defined territory , one government , and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states . It is also normally understood that a ___MASK29___ is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or ___MASK11___ . Geography ( from Greek , " geographia ", literally " earth description ") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands , the features , the inhabitants , and the phenomena of Earth . The first ___MASK83___ to use the word "  " was Eratosthenes ( 276  194 BC ). Geography is an all - encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexities  not merely where objects are , but how they have changed and come to be . It is often defined in terms of the two branches of human geography and physical geography . The four historical traditions in geographical research are : spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena , area studies of places and regions , studies of human - land relationships , and the Earth sciences . Geography has been called " the world discipline " and " the bridge between the human and the physical sciences ". A protectorate , in its inception adopted by modern international law , is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater ___MASK29___ . In exchange for this , the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations , which may vary greatly , depending on the real nature of their relationship . Therefore , a protectorate remains an autonomous part of a ___MASK29___ . They are different from colonies as they have local rulers and people ruling over the territory and experience rare cases of immigration of settlers from the country it has suzerainty of . However , a state which remains under the protection of another state but still retains independence is known as a protected state and is different from protectorates . Mswati II ( c . 1820  1868 ), also known as Mswati and Mavuso III , was the ___MASK47___ of Swaziland between 1840 and 1868 . He was also the eponym of Swaziland . Mswati is considered to be one of the greatest fighting kings of Swaziland . Under his kingship , the territorial boundaries of Swaziland were greatly increased . Mswati was the son of Sobhuza I and Tsandzile Ndwandwe ( known as ' LaZidze ) who after ruling as Queen Mother became Queen Regent after the death of her son . After the death of Sobhuza , Mswati inherited an area which extended as far as present day Barberton in the north and included the Nomahasha ___MASK78___ in the Portuguese territory of Mozambique . Mswati  s military power initially suppressed by infighting with his brothers Fokoti , Somcuba and Malambule was increased in the late 1850s and later on . When Mswati ' s armies attacked organized forces of other Bantu tribes or nations , the goal was initially plunder in the form of cattle and captives , rather than incorporation into one political unit . The arrival of Trekboers in what would become the Transvaal republic marked the first contact with Swazis and European settlers occurred during this period . Mswati greatly extended the boundaries of the Swazi territory beyond that of the present ___MASK11___ with military outposts and royal villages outposts such as Mbhuleni , on the upper Komati River at the foot of the Mkongomo Mountains , south of Badplaas , Mekemeke which is east of the Mbayiyane Mountains , situated east of Mantibovu ( Low  s Creek ). The death of Mswati II in July 1868 ended the era of Swazi conquest , territorial expansion and resulted in unification of various ___MASK93___ into one nation . A dependent territory , dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a ___MASK29___ yet remains politically outside of the controlling state ' s integral area . South is a noun , adjective , or adverb indicating direction or geography . It is one of the four ___MASK8___ directions or compass points . South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west . The British office of High Commissioner for Southern Africa was responsible for governing British possessions in Southern Africa , latterly the protectorates Basutoland ( now Lesotho ) , the Bechuanaland Protectorate ( now Botswana ) and Swaziland , as well as for relations with autonomous governments in the area . The office was combined with that of Governor of Cape Colony from 1847 to 1901 , with that of the Governor of Transvaal Colony 1901 to 1910 , and with that of Governor - General of South Africa from 1910 to 1931 . The government in U . K . appointed the Governor - General as High Commissioner under a separate commission . In addition to responsibility for Basutoland , Bechuanaland and Swaziland , he held reserve powers concerning the interests of the Native ___MASK74___ of Southern Rhodesia . The post was abolished on 1 August 1964 . Representative democracy ( also indirect democracy , representative republic , or psephocracy ) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of ___MASK93___ , as opposed to direct democracy . Nearly all modern Western - style democracies are types of representative democracies ; for example , the United Kingdom is a crowned republic , Ireland is a parliamentary republic , and the United States is a federal republic . Angola , officially the Republic of Angola (; Kikongo , Kimbundu and Umbundu : " Repubilika ya Ngola "), is a ___MASK25___ in Southern Africa . It is the seventh - largest ___MASK25___ in Africa and is bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north and east , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to west . The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The ___MASK87___ and largest ___MASK36___ of Angola is Luanda . Basutoland was a British Crown colony established in 1884 due to the Cape Colony ' s inability to control the territory . It was divided into seven administrative districts ; Berea , Leribe , Maseru , Mohales Hoek , Mafeteng , Qacha ' s Nek and Quthing . Maseru is the ___MASK87___ and largest ___MASK36___ of Lesotho . It is also the ___MASK87___ of the Maseru District . Located on the Caledon River , Maseru lies directly on the Lesotho - South Africa border . Maseru is Lesotho ' s ___MASK87___ ___MASK36___ with a population of approximately 2 , 160 , 309 ( 2016 ). The ___MASK36___ was established as a police camp and assigned as the ___MASK87___ after the country became a British protectorate in 1869 . When the country achieved independence in 1966 , Maseru retained its status as ___MASK87___ . The ___MASK71___ of the ___MASK36___ is a Sesotho word meaning " red sandstones ". Swaziland , officially the Kingdom of Swaziland ( or ; Swazi : " Umbuso weSwatini " ; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini ), is a ___MASK29___ in Southern Africa . It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South Africa to its north , west and south . The country and its people take their names from Mswati II , the 19th - century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified . International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations . It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations . International law differs from ___MASK11___ - based legal systems in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens . National law may become international law when treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court . Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts . Mozambique ( or ), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( or "") is a ___MASK25___ in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The ___MASK87___ and largest ___MASK36___ is Maputo ( known as " Lourenço Marques " before independence ). The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked ___MASK25___ in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north - east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The ___MASK87___ ___MASK36___ is Lusaka , in the south - central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the ___MASK25___ . Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho , is an enclaved , landlocked ___MASK25___ in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa . It is just over in size and has a population slightly over two million . Its ___MASK87___ and largest ___MASK36___ is Maseru . South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ), is the southernmost ___MASK25___ in Africa . It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans , on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana and Zimbabwe , and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland , and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho . South Africa is the 25th - largest ___MASK25___ in the world by land area , and with close to 56 million ___MASK93___ , is the world ' s 24th - most populous nation . It is the southernmost ___MASK25___ on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . It is the only ___MASK25___ that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub - Saharan African ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa ' s largest communities of European ( white ), Asian ( Indian ), and multiracial ( coloured ) ancestry .