located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity cape sheridan
The Canadian Arctic Archipelago , also known as the Arctic Archipelago , is a group ___MASK71___ islands north ___MASK71___ the Canadian ___MASK53___ . Nares Strait is a waterway between Ellesmere Island and ___MASK65___ that is the ___MASK99___ part of ___MASK62___ where it meets the Lincoln Sea . From south to north , the strait includes Smith Sound , Kane Basin , Kennedy Channel , Hall Basin and Robeson Channel . During 1962  64 a 20 km by 10 km ice island drifted southward from the Lincoln Sea through the Nares and Davis Straits to the Atlantic Ocean ( Labrador Sea ). Nares strait has a nearly permanent current from the north , powered by the Beaufort Gyre , making it harder to traverse for ships coming from south . ___MASK32___ , officially the City of ___MASK32___ , is a coastal seaport city on the ___MASK53___ of British Columbia , Canada , and the most populous city in the province . The ___MASK23___ Pole , also known as the Geographic ___MASK23___ Pole or Terrestrial ___MASK23___ Pole , is ( subject to the caveats explained below ) defined as the point in the ___MASK99___ Hemisphere where the Earth ' s axis of rotation meets its surface . Cape Sheridan is on the northeastern coast ___MASK71___ Ellesmere Island , Canada situated on the Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean , on the mouth ___MASK71___ Sheridan River , ___MASK94___ bank . It is one ___MASK71___ the closest points ___MASK71___ land to the geographic North Pole , approx 840 km ( 520 mi ) to the north , Cape ___MASK63___ is however some 75 km ( 47 mi ) closer to the Pole . Cape Sheridan was the wintering site ___MASK71___ Robert Peary ' s final quest to reach the north pole in 1908 / 1909 ; the Cape Sheridan Depot being located there . Alert , the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world , is located 13 km ( 8 . 1 mi ) to the ___MASK94___ . ___MASK1___ ( from Inuktitut :  ) is the newest , largest , northernmost , and least populous territory ___MASK71___ Canada . It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1 , 1999 , via the ___MASK1___ Act and the ___MASK1___ Land Claims Agreement Act , though the boundaries had been contemplatively drawn in 1993 . The creation ___MASK71___ ___MASK1___ resulted in the first major change to Canada ' s political map since the incorporation ___MASK71___ the province ___MASK71___ Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949 . ___MASK100___ ( short for " Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco ") is a ___MASK46___ political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity . The ___MASK99___ Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator . For other planets in the Solar System , north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth ' s North pole . Due to the Earth ' s axial tilt , winter in the ___MASK99___ Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice ( typically December 21 UTC ) to the March Equinox ( typically March 20 UTC ), while summer lasts from the June solstice ( typically June 21 UTC ) through to the September equinox ( typically September 23 UTC ). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year . A great circle , also known as an orthodrome or Riemannian circle , ___MASK71___ a sphere is the intersection ___MASK71___ the sphere and a plane that passes through the center point ___MASK71___ the sphere . This partial case ___MASK71___ a circle ___MASK71___ a sphere is opposed to a " small circle ", the intersection ___MASK71___ the sphere and a plane that does not pass through the center . Any diameter ___MASK71___ any great circle coincides with a diameter ___MASK71___ the sphere , and therefore all great circles have the same circumference as each other , and have the same center as the sphere . A great circle is the largest circle that can be drawn on any given sphere . Every circle in Euclidean 3 - space is a great circle ___MASK71___ exactly one sphere . The ___MASK73___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". ___MASK43___ is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the ___MASK43___ River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . ___MASK43___ borders ___MASK5___ , ___MASK67___ ; the two form the core of the ___MASK43___  ___MASK5___ census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ). The 2011 census reported a population of 883 , 391 , making it the fourth - largest city in Canada ; and 1 , 236 , 324 within the CMA , making it the fourth - largest CMA in Canada . The City of ___MASK43___ reported that the city had an estimated population of 960 , 754 as of December 2015 . The Arctic ___MASK79___ is a vast , deeply dissected chain ___MASK71___ mountain ranges extending along the northeastern flank ___MASK71___ the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from Ellesmere Island to the northeasternmost part ___MASK71___ the Labrador Peninsula in ___MASK99___ Labrador and ___MASK99___ ___MASK67___ , Canada . It spans most ___MASK71___ the eastern coast ___MASK71___ ___MASK1___ with high glaciated peaks rising through icefields and some ___MASK71___ Canada ' s largest ice caps , including the Penny Ice Cap on Baffin Island . It is bounded to the east by Baffin Bay , Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea while its ___MASK99___ portion is bounded by the Arctic Ocean . ___MASK26___ is the ___MASK36___ populous city in Canada , the provincial capital of Ontario , and the centre of the Greater ___MASK26___ Area , the ___MASK36___ populous metropolitan area in Canada . Growing in population , the 2011 census recorded a population of 2 , 615 , 060 . As of 2015 , the population is now estimated at 2 , 826 , 498 , making ___MASK26___ the fourth - largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits . ___MASK26___ trails only ___MASK95___ City , ___MASK3___ City , and Los Angeles by this measure , while it is the fifth - largest ( behind also Chicago ) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city , ___MASK26___ is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and widely recognized as one of the ___MASK36___ multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . Cape ___MASK33___ Jesup is the northernmost point of mainland Greenland at and is 711 . 8 km ( 384 nm / 442 miles ) from the geographic North Pole . Robert Peary reached the cape in 1900 , believing it to be the northernmost point of land in the world , although it was later found to lie slightly to the south of the northernmost tip of Kaffeklubben Island . In physical geography , tundra is a type ___MASK71___ biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons . The term " tundra " comes through Russian  (" tûndra ") from the Kildin Sami word " tndâr " " uplands ", " treeless mountain tract ". There are three types ___MASK71___ tundra : Arctic tundra , ___MASK28___ tundra , and Antarctic tundra . In tundra , the vegetation is composed ___MASK71___ dwarf shrubs , sedges and grasses , mosses , and lichens . Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions . The ecotone ( or ecological boundary region ) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline . The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ___MASK71___ the world ' s five major oceans . The International Hydrographic Organization ( IHO ) recognizes it as an ocean , although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea , classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary ___MASK71___ the ___MASK73___ . Alternatively , the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part ___MASK71___ the all - encompassing World Ocean . An ocean ( the sea ___MASK71___ classical antiquity ) is a body ___MASK71___ saline water that composes much ___MASK71___ a planet ' s hydrosphere . On Earth , an ocean is one ___MASK71___ the major conventional divisions ___MASK71___ the World Ocean , which covers almost 71 % ___MASK71___ its surface . These are , in descending order by area , the Pacific , Atlantic , ___MASK51___ , Southern ( Antarctic ), and Arctic Oceans . The word " sea " is often used interchangeably with " ocean " in American English but , strictly speaking , a sea is a body ___MASK71___ saline water ( generally a division ___MASK71___ the world ocean ) partly or fully enclosed by land . ___MASK2___ is the capital and largest city of the province of ___MASK39___ in Canada . It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America , at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers . The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part ___MASK71___ Earth . The Arctic consists ___MASK71___ the Arctic Ocean , adjacent seas , and parts ___MASK71___ ___MASK88___ ( United States ), Canada , Finland , Greenland ( Denmark ), Iceland , Norway , Russia , and Sweden . Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover , with predominantly treeless permafrost - containing tundra . Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places . ___MASK25___ officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French , is the ___MASK36___ populous municipality in ___MASK67___ and the 2nd - ___MASK36___ populous in Canada . Originally called " Ville - Marie ", or " City of Mary ," it is named after Mount Royal , the triple - peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is on the Island of ___MASK25___ , which took its name from the same source as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four - season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters . ___MASK89___ ( French : ) is a country in the ___MASK99___ half of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering , making it the world ' s second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area . ___MASK89___ ' s border with the United States is the world ' s longest land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . ___MASK89___ is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . About four - fifths of the country ' s population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border . Its capital is ___MASK43___ , its largest city is Toronto ; other major urban areas include Montreal , Vancouver , ___MASK22___ , Edmonton , ___MASK67___ City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . The Rocky Mountains , commonly known as the Rockies , are a major ___MASK83___ range in western North America . The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part ___MASK71___ British ___MASK63___ , in western Canada , to New ___MASK95___ , in the southwestern United States . Within the North American Cordillera , the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west . An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body ___MASK71___ brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it , and with a free connection to the open sea . The World Ocean or global ocean ( colloquially the sea or the ocean ) is the interconnected system ___MASK71___ Earth ' s oceanic waters , and comprises the bulk ___MASK71___ the hydrosphere , covering almost 71 % ___MASK71___ Earth ' s surface , with a total volume ___MASK71___ 1 . 332 billion cubic kilometers ( 351 quintillion US gallons ). The Queen ___MASK70___ Islands ( formerly Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago ) are the northernmost cluster of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago , ___MASK76___ between ___MASK1___ and Northwest Territories in Northern Canada . The Queen ___MASK70___ Islands contain approximately 14 % of the global glacier and ice cap area . ( excluding the inland and shelf ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica ). Cape ___MASK63___ is the northernmost point of land of Canada , located on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of ___MASK1___ . It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean . It is the world ' s northernmost point of land outside Greenland and the distance to the North Pole is . ___MASK65___ is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , ___MASK31___ of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , ___MASK65___ has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and ___MASK47___ , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . The ___MASK56___ , Qikiqtani Region or Baffin Region is the ___MASK36___ populated and the ___MASK36___ eastern administrative region of ___MASK1___ , Canada . Qikiqtaaluk is the traditional Inuktitut name for Baffin Island . Although the ___MASK56___ is the ___MASK36___ commonly used name in official contexts , several notable public organisations , including Statistics Canada prefer the older term Baffin Region . Robeson Channel is a body ___MASK71___ water lying between Greenland and Canada ' s northernmost island , Ellesmere Island . It is the ___MASK36___ northerly part ___MASK71___ Nares Strait , linking Hall Basin to the south with the Arctic Ocean to the north . ___MASK67___ City ( pronounced or ) officially Québec ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of ___MASK67___ . In 2015 the city had a population estimate of 545 , 485 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 806 , 400 , making it Canada ' s seventh - largest metropolitan area and ___MASK67___ ' s second - largest city after Montreal , which is about to the southwest . Sea ice arises as seawater freezes . Because ice is less dense than water , it floats on the ocean ' s surface ( as does fresh water ice , which has an even lower density ). Sea ice covers about 7 % ___MASK71___ the Earth  s surface and about 12 % ___MASK71___ the world  s oceans . Much ___MASK71___ the world ' s sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth ' s polar regions : the Arctic ice pack ___MASK71___ the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack ___MASK71___ the Southern Ocean . Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent , a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology , including the ocean ' s ecosystems . Due to the action ___MASK71___ winds , currents and temperature fluctuations , sea ice is very dynamic , leading to a wide variety ___MASK71___ ice types and features . Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs , which are chunks ___MASK71___ ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean . Depending on location , sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs . Inuit ( pronounced or ; Inuktitut : , " the people ") are a group ___MASK71___ culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions ___MASK71___ Greenland , Canada and ___MASK88___ . Inuit is a plural noun ; the singular is Inuk . The oral Inuit languages are classified in the Eskimo - Aleut family . Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate spoken in ___MASK1___ . ___MASK17___ Sea is a body ___MASK71___ water in the Arctic Ocean , stretching from Cape ___MASK63___ , Canada , in the west to Cape ___MASK33___ Jesup , Greenland , in the east . The northern limit is defined as the great circle line between those two headlands . It is covered with sea ice throughout the year , the thickest sea ice in the Arctic Ocean , which can be up to thick . Water depths range from to . Water and ice from ___MASK17___ Sea empty into Robeson Channel , the northernmost part ___MASK71___ Nares Strait , most ___MASK71___ the ___MASK50___ . ___MASK22___ is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta . It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province , in an area of foothills and prairie , about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies . In the 2011 census , the City of ___MASK22___ had a population of 1 , 096 , 833 and a metropolitan population of 1 , 214 , 839 , making it the largest city in Alberta , and the third - largest municipality and fifth - largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada . The muskox (" Ovibos moschatus "), also spelled musk ox and musk - ox , in Inuktitut , is an Arctic mammal ___MASK71___ the family Bovidae , noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males , from which its name derives . Its Inuktitut name " umingmak " translates to " the bearded one ." This musky odor is used to attract females during mating season . Muskoxen primarily live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland , with small introduced populations in Sweden , Siberia , Norway , and ___MASK88___ . Ellesmere Island ( Inuit : Umingmak Nuna , meaning " land ___MASK71___ Muskox ") is part ___MASK71___ the Qikiqtaaluk Region ___MASK71___ the Canadian territory ___MASK71___ ___MASK1___ . Lying within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago , it is considered part ___MASK71___ the Queen Elizabeth Islands , with Cape Columbia being the most northerly point ___MASK71___ land in Canada . It comprises an area ___MASK71___ and the total length ___MASK71___ the island is , making it the world ' s tenth largest island and Canada ' s third largest island . The Arctic Cordillera mountain system covers much ___MASK71___ Ellesmere Island , making it the most mountainous in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . The Arctic willow is the only woody species to grow on Ellesmere Island . ___MASK49___ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta . ___MASK49___ is on the North ___MASK86___ River and is the centre of the ___MASK49___ ___MASK97___ , which is surrounded by Alberta ' s central region .