located_on_terrain_feature pieniny
The ___MASK59___ ( ; ) is a sea of the ___MASK3___ , enclosed by Scandinavia , Finland , the Baltic countries , and the North European Plain . It includes the Gulf of Bothnia , the Bay of Bothnia , the Gulf of Finland , the Gulf of Riga , and the Bay of Gdask . The sea stretches from 53 ° N to 66 ° N latitude and from 10 ° E to 30 ° E longitude . A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic , with limited water exchange between the two bodies , the ___MASK59___ drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund , the Great Belt , and the Little Belt . Szczecin ( German and , known also by other alternative names ) is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in ___MASK76___ . Located near the ___MASK59___ , it is a major seaport and ___MASK76___ ' s seventh - largest city . As of June 2011 , the population was 407 , 811 . ___MASK58___ is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by ___MASK51___ to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , ___MASK58___ is a medium - sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world . ___MASK58___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as an Alpha - global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Gyr . ___MASK76___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK76___ , is a country in ___MASK10___ , situated between the ___MASK59___ in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and ___MASK63___ ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the ___MASK59___ , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of ___MASK76___ is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , ___MASK76___ is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . ___MASK76___ is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land , or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas . There are currently 48 such countries , including four partially recognised states . Only two , Bolivia and Paraguay in ___MASK77___ , lie outside Afro - Eurasia ( the Old World ). Lithuania ( UK and US : ), officially the Republic of Lithuania , is a country in Northern ___MASK89___ . One of the three Baltic states , it is situated along the southeastern shore of the ___MASK59___ , to the east of Sweden and ___MASK90___ . It is bordered by Latvia to the north , Belarus to the east and south , Poland to the south , and Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) to the southwest . Lithuania has an estimated population of 2 . 9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius . Lithuanians are a Baltic people . The official language , Lithuanian , along with Latvian , is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo - European language family . A mountain range ( also mountain barrier , belt , or system ) is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains . A mountain system or system of mountain ranges , sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically ( regionally ) related . On ___MASK33___ , most significant mountain ranges are the result of plate tectonics , though mountain ranges are formed by a range of processes , are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets . A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form of a peak . A mountain is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface of the ___MASK33___ . Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge mountain ranges . Pozna ( known also by other historical names ) is a city on the Warta river in west - central ___MASK76___ , in the Greater ___MASK76___ region . It is best known for its renaissance Old Town , destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt , and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral . Today , Pozna is an important cultural and business centre and one of ___MASK76___ ' s most populous regions with many regional customs such as Jarmark witojaski , traditional Saint Martin ' s croissants and a local dialect . ___MASK51___ , officially the Slovak Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . ___MASK51___ ' s territory spans about and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak , a member of the Slavic language family . Gdask ( German : ) is a Polish city on the Baltic ___MASK4___ . It is the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship , Poland ' s principal seaport and is also the centre of the country ' s fourth - largest metropolitan area . ___MASK32___ ( lat . ',      ), officially the Republic of ___MASK32___ , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia ( though this name is no longer used in ___MASK32___ itself , even in Russian language ), is a landlocked country in ___MASK25___ bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40 % of its is forested . Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern - day ___MASK32___ , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in ___MASK89___ . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . Warsaw (; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of ___MASK76___ . It stands on the Vistula River in east - central ___MASK76___ , roughly from the ___MASK59___ and from the ___MASK63___ . Its population is estimated at 1 . 750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3 . 105 million residents , which makes Warsaw the 9th most - populous capital city in the European Union . The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers . Wrocaw (, ; ) is the largest city in western ___MASK76___ . It is on the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of ___MASK10___ , roughly 350 kilometres ( 220 mi ) from the ___MASK59___ to the north and 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south . Wrocaw is the historical capital of ___MASK30___ and Lower ___MASK30___ . Today , it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . At various times in history , it has been part of the Kingdom of ___MASK76___ , Bohemia , Hungary , the Austrian Empire , Prussia and Germany . It became part of ___MASK76___ in 1945 , as a result of the border changes after the Second World War . The population of Wrocaw in 2016 was 637 , 075 making it the fourth - largest city in ___MASK76___ and the main city of Wrocaw agglomeration . ___MASK39___ ( tr . ) is a sovereign state in ___MASK25___ , bordered by Russia to the east and northeast , Belarus to the northwest , Poland and ___MASK51___ to the west , Hungary , Romania , and Moldova to the southwest , and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast , respectively . ___MASK39___ is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which ___MASK39___ and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian . Including Crimea , ___MASK39___ has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . It has a population of about 44 . 5 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . A terrestrial planet , telluric planet , or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals . Within the Solar System , the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun , i . e . Mercury , Venus , ___MASK33___ , and Mars . The terms " terrestrial planet " and " telluric planet " are derived from Latin words for ___MASK33___ (" Terra " and " Tellus "), as these planets are , in terms of composition , " ___MASK33___ - like ". The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union : Austria , ___MASK18___ , ___MASK6___ , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , ___MASK21___ , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , ___MASK51___ , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . ___MASK10___ lies between ___MASK25___ and Western Europe . The concept of ___MASK10___ is based on a common historical , social and cultural identity . ___MASK10___ is going through a phase of " strategic awakening ", with initiatives such as the CEI , Centrope or V4 . While the region ' s economy shows high disparities with regard to income , all Central European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed . The Sudetes are a mountain range in ___MASK10___ , also known in English ( from their names in German and Czech / Polish ) as the Sudeten or Sudety mountains . Kraków , also Cracow or Krakow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in ___MASK76___ . Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser ___MASK76___ region , the city dates back to the 7th century . Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic , cultural , and artistic life and is one of ___MASK76___ ' s most important economic hubs . It was the capital of the Crown of the Kingdom of ___MASK76___ from 1038 to 1569 ; the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795 ; the Free City of Kraków from 1815 to 1846 ; the Grand Duchy of Cracow from 1846 to 1918 ; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1998 . It has been the capital of Lesser ___MASK76___ Voivodeship since 1999 . The ___MASK63___ or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe , making them the second - longest mountain range in Europe ( after the Scandinavian Mountains ). Plate tectonics ( from the Late Latin " tectonicus ", from the " pertaining to building ") is a scientific theory describing the large - scale motion of 7 large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the ___MASK33___ ' s lithosphere , over the last hundreds of millions of years . The theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift developed during the first few decades of the 20th century . The geoscientific community accepted plate - tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Bratislava ( or also known by ) is the capital of ___MASK51___ , and with a population of about 450 , 000 , the country ' s largest city . The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650 , 000 people . Bratislava is in southwestern ___MASK51___ , occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava . Bordering Austria and Hungary , it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states . The ___MASK48___ , also known by the short name Czechia , is a nation state in ___MASK10___ bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , ___MASK51___ to the east and ___MASK76___ to the northeast . The ___MASK48___ covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10 . 5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1 . 2 million residents . The ___MASK48___ includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Slovaks or Slovak people ( singular " Slovák ", feminine " Slovenka ", plural " Slovenky ") are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to ___MASK51___ who speak the Slovak language . Kaliningrad Oblast (" Kaliningradskaya oblast ") is a federal subject of the Russian Federation that is located on the ___MASK4___ of the ___MASK59___ . As an oblast , its constitutional status is equal to each of the other 84 federal subjects . Its administrative center is the city of Kaliningrad , formerly known as Königsberg . It is the only Baltic port in the Russian Federation that remains ice - free in winter . According to the 2010 census , it had a population of 941 , 873 . Pieniny is a mountain range in the south of ___MASK76___ and the north of ___MASK51___ . The Pieniny mountain range is divided into three parts -- Pieniny Spiskie ( Slovak : Spišské Pieniny ) and Pieniny Waciwe ( Slovak : Centrálne Pieniny ) in ___MASK76___ ; and , Mae Pieniny ( English : Lesser or Little Pieniny ; Slovak : Malé Pieniny ) in ___MASK76___ and ___MASK51___ . The Pieniny mountains consist mainly of the limestone and dolomite rock strata . The most famous peak , Trzy Korony ( Three Crowns ) , is 982 metres high . It is also the summit of the Three Crowns Massif . Pieniny ' s highest peak -- Wysoka ( Polish ) ; Vysoké Skalky ( Slovak ) -- reaches 1 , 050 metres above sea level . Pieniny mountains formed at the bottom of the sea in several geological epochs . They were folded and raised in Upper Cretaceous . At the beginning of the Paleogene geologic period a second wave of tectonic movements took place causing a further shift . The third wave of movements during the Paleogene and Neogene resulted in a more complex tectonic structure . At the same time erosion resulted in stripping of the outer mantle rocks and further modeling of terrain . Peaks were built from weather resistant Jurassic rocks , mainly limestone . Valleys and passes were created from softer and more susceptible to weathering rocks of Cretaceous and Paleogene periods . Caves are few and rather small . By contrast , rivers and streams are often deeply indented in the rock , creating approximately 15 ravines and gorges . The most famous gorges of the Pieniny mountains are the Dunajec River Gorge in Pieniny National Park and the Homole Ravine ( Polish : Wwóz Homole ) . Hills along the northern border of Pieniny are of volcanic origin .