period marcus annius verus
Hadrian ( 24 January 76  10 July 138 ) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138 . Hadrian is known for building Hadrian ' s Wall , which marked the northern limit of Britannia . He also rebuilt the Pantheon and constructed the Temple of Venus and Roma . Philhellene in most of his tastes , he is considered by some to have been a humanist , and he is regarded as the third of the Five Good Emperors . Marcus Annius Verus ( 50 -- 138 AD ) was a Roman man who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries . He was the son of an elder Marcus Annius Verus , who gained the rank of senator and praetor . His family originated from Uccibi ( modern Espejo ) near Corduba ( modern Córdoba ) in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica . The family came to prominence and became wealthy through olive oil production in Spain . He was close friends with the emperor Hadrian . The Roman emperor was the ruler of the ___MASK25___ during the imperial period ( starting in 27 BC ). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history . Often when a given Roman is described as becoming " emperor " in English , it reflects his taking of the title " Augustus " or " Caesar ". Another title often used was " imperator ", originally a military honorific . Early Emperors also used the title " princeps " ( first citizen ). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles , notably " Princeps Senatus ", " Consul " and " Pontifex Maximus ". In Ancient Rome , a province ( Latin : " provincia ", pl . " provinciae ") was the basic , and , until the Tetrarchy ( 293 AD ), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire ' s territorial possessions outside of Italy . The word " province " in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans . The Visigoths were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths . These tribes flourished and spread during the late ___MASK25___ in Late Antiquity , or the Migration Period . The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups ( possibly the Thervingi ) who had invaded the ___MASK25___ beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 . Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable , alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient . The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410 . After the Visigoths sacked Rome , they began settling down , first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal , where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD . Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities : the commander of an army ( in the field or , less often , before the army had been mustered ); or , an elected " magistratus " ( magistrate ), assigned various duties ( which varied at different periods in Rome ' s history ). The functions of the magistracy , the " praetura " ( praetorship ), are described by the adjective : the " praetoria potestas " ( praetorian power ), the " praetorium imperium " ( praetorian authority ), and the " praetorium ius " ( praetorian law ), the legal precedents established by the " praetores " ( praetors ). " Praetorium ", as a substantive , denoted the location from which the " praetor " exercised his authority , either the headquarters of his " castra ", the courthouse ( tribunal ) of his judiciary , or the city hall of his provincial governorship . Hadrian ' s Wall , also called the Roman Wall , Picts ' Wall , or " Vallum Hadriani " in Latin , was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia , begun in 122 AD in the reign of the emperor Hadrian . It ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea , and was the northern limit of the ___MASK25___ , immediately north of which were the lands of the northern Ancient Britons , including the Picts . Hispania Baetica , often abbreviated Baetica , was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania ( the Iberian Peninsula ). Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania , and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis . Baetica was part of Al - Andalus under the Moors in the 8th century and approximately corresponds to modern Andalucia . Its capital was Corduba . Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths down to 711 . Imperium is a Latin word which , in a broad sense , translates roughly as ' power to command '. In ancient Rome , different kinds of power or authority were distinguished by different terms . " Imperium " referred to the ability of an individual to command the military . It is not to be confused with " auctoritas " or " potestas ", different and generally inferior types of power in the ___MASK43___ and Empire . Primarily used to refer to the power that is wielded , in greater or lesser degree , by an individual to whom it is delegated , the term could also be used with a geographical connotation , designating the territorial limits of that " imperium ". Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates . These included the curule aedile , the praetor , the censor , the consul , the magister equitum , and the dictator . Lusitania or Hispania Lusitana was an ancient Iberian Roman province including approximately all of modern Portugal south of the Douro river and part of modern Spain ( the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a small part of the province of Salamanca ). It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people ( an Indo - European people ). Its capital was " Emerita Augusta " ( currently Mérida , Spain ), and it was initially part of the ___MASK43___ province of Hispania Ulterior , before becoming a province of its own in the ___MASK25___ . Romans first came to the territory around the mid 2nd century BC . A war with Lusitanian tribes followed , from 155 to 139 BC . In 27 BC , the province was created . In the ___MASK25___ , the Latin word castrum ( plural castra ) was a building , or plot of land , used as a fortified military camp . The term tetrarchy ( from the , " tetrarchia ", " leadership of four [ people ]") describes any form of government where power is divided among four individuals , but in modern usage usually refers to the system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 , marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the ___MASK25___ . This tetrarchy lasted until c . 313 , when internecine conflict eliminated most of the claimants to power , leaving Constantine in control of the western half of the empire , and Licinius in control of the eastern half .