genre my sister and i 
Forgery is the process of making , adapting , or imitating objects , ___MASK22___ , or documents with the intent to deceive for the sake of altering the public perception , or to earn profit by selling the forged item . Copies , studio replicas , and reproductions are not considered forgeries , though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations . Forging money or currency is more often called counterfeiting . But consumer goods may also be " counterfeits " if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacturer or producer given on the label or flagged by the trademark symbol . When the object forged is a record or document it is often called a false document . In ___MASK81___ , fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain , or to deprive a victim of a legal right . Fraud itself can be a civil wrong ( i . e ., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud and / or recover monetary compensation ), a criminal wrong ( i . e ., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities ) or it may cause no loss of money , property or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong . The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits , such as obtaining a driver ' s license or qualifying for a mortgage by way of false statements . ___MASK73___ ( from Greek , " historia ", meaning " inquiry , knowledge acquired by investigation ") is the ___MASK28___ of the past as it is described in written documents . Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory . It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory , discovery , collection , organization , presentation , and interpretation of information about these events . Scholars who write about history are called historians . A hoax is a deliberately fabricated falsehood made to masquerade as the truth . It is distinguishable from errors in observation or judgment , rumors , ___MASK54___ legends , pseudosciences and April Fools ' Day events that are passed along in good faith by believers or as jokes . My Sister and I is an apocryphal work attributed to German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche . Following Nietzsche scholar Walter Kaufmann , most consider the work to be a ___MASK10___ , although a small minority argues for the book ' s authenticity . It was supposedly written in 1889 or early 1890 during Nietzsche ' s stay in a mental asylum in the Thuringian city of Jena . If legitimate , My Sister and I would be Nietzsche ' s second autobiographical and final overall work , chronologically following his Wahnbriefe ( Madness Letters ) , written during his extended time of mental collapse . My Sister and I makes several bold and otherwise unreported biographical claims , most notably of an incestuous relationship between Nietzsche and his sister Elisabeth Förster - Nietzsche , as well as an affair with Richard Wagner ' s wife Cosima . It is written in a style that combines anecdote and aphorism in a manner similar to other Nietzsche works . A philosopher is someone who practices ___MASK26___ , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either ___MASK31___ or science . The term " philosopher " comes from the Ancient Greek (" philosophos ") meaning " lover of ___MASK13___ ". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). ___MASK10___ ( also known as literary mystification , literary fraud or literary hoax ) is writing , such as a manuscript or a literary work , which is either deliberately misattributed to a historical or invented author , or is a purported memoir or other presumably nonfictional writing deceptively presented as true when , in fact , it presents untrue or imaginary information . A ___MASK79___ ( abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural ) is any ___MASK72___ written by hand or typewritten , as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some automated way . More recently , it is understood to be an author ' s written , typed , or word - processed copy of a work , as distinguished from the print of the same . Before the arrival of printing , all documents and books were manuscripts . Manuscripts are not defined by their contents , which may combine writing with mathematical calculations , maps , explanatory figures or illustrations . Manuscripts may be in book form , scrolls or in codex format . Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures , border decorations , elaborately embossed initial letters or full - page illustrations . ___MASK68___ ___MASK26___ is the philosophical thought and work of the ___MASK68___ world . Historically , the term refers to the philosophical thinking of ___MASK68___ culture , beginning with Hellenic ( i . e . Greek ) ___MASK26___ of the Pre - Socratics such as Thales ( c . 624  c . 546 BC ) and Pythagoras ( c . 570  c . 495 BC ), and eventually covering a large area of the globe . The word " ___MASK26___ " itself originated from the Hellenic : " philosophia " (  ), literally , " the ___MASK67___ of ___MASK13___ " (  " philein ", " to ___MASK67___ " and  " sophia ", " ___MASK13___ "). A ___MASK14___ ( from French : " mémoire ": " memoria ", meaning " memory " or " reminiscence ") is a collection of memories that an individual writes about moments or events , both public or private , that took place in the subject ' s life . The assertions made in the work are understood to be factual . While ___MASK14___ has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or ___MASK40___ since the late 20th century , the genre is differentiated in form , presenting a narrowed focus . A biography or ___MASK40___ tells the story " of a life ", while a ___MASK14___ often tells " a story from a life ", such as touchstone events and turning points from the author ' s life . The author of a ___MASK14___ may be referred to as a " memoirist " or a " memorialist ". A ___MASK91___ is a person who writes poetry . Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others . A ___MASK91___ may simply be a writer of poetry , or may perform their art to an audience . A cultural critic is a critic of a given ___MASK25___ , usually as a whole and typically on a radical basis . There is significant overlap with social and cultural theory . Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ( 15 October 1844  25 August 1900 ) was a German philosopher , cultural critic , ___MASK91___ , philologist , and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history . He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy . He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 , at the age of 24 . Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life , and he completed much of his core writing in the following decade . In 1889 , at age 44 , he suffered a collapse and a complete loss of his mental faculties . He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother ( until her death in 1897 ), and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster - Nietzsche , and died in 1900 . The University of Basel ( German : " Universität Basel ") is located in Basel , Switzerland . Founded in 1460 , it is Switzerland  s oldest university and is counted among the leading institutions of the ___MASK64___ .