occupation yang yuting 
A militia is generally an ___MASK12___ or some other type of fighting unit that is composed of non - professional fighters , citizens of a nation or subjects of a state or government who can be called upon to enter a combat situation , as opposed to a professional force of regular , full - time ___MASK90___ , or historically , members of the warrior nobility class ( e . g ., knights or samurai ). Unable to hold their own against properly trained and equipped professional forces , it is common for militias to engage in guerrilla warfare or defense instead of being used in open attacks and offensive actions . A warlord is a ___MASK42___ able to exercise military , economic , and political control over a subnational territory within a ___MASK16___ state due to his ability to mobilize loyal armed forces . These armed forces , usually considered militias , are loyal to the warlord rather than to the state regime . Warlords have existed throughout much of history , albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political , economic , and social structure of states or ungoverned territories . A province is almost always an administrative division , within a country or state . The term derives from the ancient Roman " provincia ", which was the ___MASK5___ territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ' s territorial possessions outside Italy . The term province has since been adopted by many countries , and in those with no actual provinces , it has come to mean " outside the capital city ". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers , others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities . Many have their own powers independent of federal authority , especially in ___MASK39___ . In other countries , like China , provinces are the creation of central government , with very little autonomy . Guangdong ( Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People ' s Republic of China . Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung , Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005 , registering 79 . 1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year ; the total population was 104 , 303 , 132 in the 2010 census , ___MASK55___ for 7 . 79 percent of Mainland China ' s population . The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China . The population increase since the census has been modest , the province at 2014 end had 107 , 240 , 000 people . Chiang Kai - shek ( October 31 , 1887  April 5 , 1975 ), also romanized as Jiang Jieshi and known as Jiang Zhongzheng , was a Chinese political and ___MASK70___ ___MASK42___ who served as the ___MASK42___ of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975 . Chiang was an influential ___MASK29___ of the Kuomintang ( KMT ), the Chinese Nationalist Party , and was a close ally of Sun Yat - sen ' s . He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang ' s Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun ' s place as ___MASK42___ of the KMT , following the Canton Coup in early 1926 . Having neutralized the party ' s left wing , Chiang then led Sun ' s long - postponed Northern Expedition , conquering or reaching accommodations with China ' s many warlords . Yang Yuting ( simplified Chinese : p = Yáng Ytíng ; traditional Chinese :  ; Wade -- Giles : Yang Yü - t ' ing ; 1886 -- January 1929 ) , was a Fengtien clique warlord and ___MASK70___ Governor of Jiangsu during early Republic of China from August to November 1925 . He was executed by Zhang Xueliang during a political power struggle . Nanjing , formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin , is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China , which has long been a ___MASK5___ centre of culture , education , ___MASK65___ , politics , economy , transport networks and tourism . It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People ' s Republic of China and the second largest city in the east China region , with acreage about 6600 square kilometers and a total population of 8 , 230 , 000 . The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (  ), with acreage of 55 km , while Nanjing Metropolitan Region includes surrounding cities and areas , with acreage over 60 thousand km and population over 30 million . Mainland China , also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland , is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau ; however , it usually includes Hainan . The term " mainland China ", which avoids calling the area simply " China " and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as " the " " China ", was coined by the Kuomintang ( KMT ) after receiving control of ___MASK46___ from Japan after World War II . By 1949 , the KMT - led Republic of China ( ROC ) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of ___MASK46___ where the KMT pledged to " retake the Mainland ". The KMT considers both sides of the ___MASK46___ Strait ( including ___MASK46___ ), as ( one ) " China " and one country , whereas ___MASK46___ ' s Democratic Progressive Party ( DPP ) considers only mainland China as " China " and ___MASK46___ ( ROC ) as " ___MASK46___ " and maintains that they are different countries . Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsueh - liang or Chang Hsiao - liang ( 3 June 1901  15 October 2001 ), occasionally called Peter Hsueh Liang Chang and nicknamed the " Young Marshal " (  ), was the effective ___MASK85___ of northeast China and much of northern China after the assassination of his ___MASK92___ , Zhang Zuolin , by the Japanese on 4 June 1928 . He was an instigator of the 1936 Xi ' an Incident , in which Chiang Kai - shek , the leader of China ' s ruling party , was arrested in order to force him to enter into a truce with the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and form a united front against Japan , which had occupied Manchuria . As a result , he spent over fifty years under house arrest , first in mainland China and then in Taiwan . He is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party as a patriotic ___MASK83___ . Zhang Zuolin (( 1875  1928 ) was the warlord of Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 ( see Warlord Era in China ). He successfully invaded China proper in October 1924 in the Second Zhili - Fengtian War . He gained control of Peking , including China ' s internationally recognized government , in April 1926 . The economy of Manchuria , the basis of Zhang ' s power , was overtaxed by his adventurism and collapsed in the winter of 1927 - 1928 . Zhang was defeated by the Nationalists under Chiang Kai - shek in May 1928 . He was killed by a bomb planted by a Japanese Kwantung ___MASK12___ officer on 4 June 1928 . Although Zhang had been Japan ' s proxy in China , Japanese militarists were infuriated by his failure to stop the advance of the Nationalists . The Xi ' an Incident of December 1936 , an important turning point in Chinese modern history , took place in the city of Xi ' an during the Chinese Civil War between the ruling Kuomintang ( KMT ) and the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and just before the Second Sino - Japanese War . On 12 December 1936 , Generalissimo Chiang Kai - shek , the ___MASK42___ of the Kuomintang , was arrested by Marshal Zhang Xueliang , a former warlord of Manchuria and Commander of the North Eastern ___MASK12___ who had fought against the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and subsequent expansion into Inner Mongolia by the Japanese and troops of the puppet state of Manchukuo that had been created in Manchuria . Jiangsu , formerly romanized as Kiangsu , is an eastern - central coastal province of the People ' s Republic of China , one of the leading provinces in manufacturing electronics and apparel items , with its capital in Nanjing . Jiangsu is the third smallest , but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People ' s Republic of China . Jiangsu has the second - highest GDP of Chinese provinces , after Guangdong . Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north , Anhui to the west , and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south . Jiangsu has a coastline of over along the Yellow Sea , and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province .