country_of_citizenship ferenc hatvany
Joanna " Jo " Hiffernan ( ca . 1843  after 1903 ) was an Irish artists ' model and muse who was romantically linked with ___MASK44___ painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler and French painter Gustave Courbet . In addition to being an artists ' model , Hiffernan herself also drew and painted . The Académie Julian was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris , ___MASK72___ in 1867 by French painter and ___MASK53___ Rodolphe Julian ( 1839 - 1907 ) that was active from 1868 through 1968 . It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during the great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century . After 1968 it integrated with . Paris ( French : ) is the capital and most populous city of ___MASK72___ . It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2 , 229 , 621 within its administrative limits . The city is both a commune and department , and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île - de - ___MASK72___ , or Paris Region , which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12 , 005 , 077 , comprising 18 . 2 percent of the population of ___MASK72___ . The Renaissance was a period in European history , from the 14th to the 17th century , regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history . It started as a cultural movement in ___MASK5___ in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe , marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age . Hatvan is a town in Heves county , ___MASK55___ . Hatvan is the Hungarian word for " sixty ". Hatvan is located at around . ___MASK72___ , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of ___MASK72___ extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas ___MASK72___ include French Guiana on the South ___MASK44___ continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK72___ spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . History . Identity of the model . At the time Courbet was working on the painting his favourite model was a young woman , Joanna Hiffernan , also known as " Jo ". Her lover at the time was the ___MASK44___ painter James Whistler , a friend of Courbet . Baron Sándor Hatvany - Deutsch ( 1852  1913 ) was a leading Hungarian industrialist and art patron . Baron Ferenc Hatvany ( 29 October 1881 - 7 February 1958 ) was a Hungarian painter and art collector . A son of Sándor Hatvany - Deutsch and a member of the Hatvany - Deutsch family , he graduated in the Académie Julian in Paris . His collection included paintings from Tintoretto , Cézanne , Renoir , Ingres and Courbet , most notably L ' Origine du monde and Femme nue couchée . Towards the end of the Second World War his paintings were looted by Soviet troops but some were ransomed by Hatvany . In 1947 he emigrated to Paris . In 1955 L ' Origine du monde was sold at auction for 1 . 5 million francs ( the buyer was psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan ) . Paintings that were looted from Hatvany ' s collection are still hanging on museum walls in Budapest , Moscow , and Nizhny Novgorod . John Constable ' s `` Beaching A Boat , Brighton '' was identified in the collection of The Tate in 2014 . Hatvany died in Lausanne in 1958 . Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( 10 June 1819  31 December 1877 ) was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th - century French painting . Committed to painting only what he could see , he rejected ___MASK87___ convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists . His independence set an example that was important to later artists , such as the Impressionists and the Cubists . Courbet occupies an important place in 19th - century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work . An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts , especially illustration , painting , photography , sculpture , and graphic design . Art schools are institutions with elementary , secondary , post - secondary or undergraduate , or graduate or postgraduate programs in these areas . They are distinguished from larger institutions which also may offer majors or degrees in the visual arts , but only as one part of a broad - based range of programs ( such as the liberal arts and sciences ). ___MASK72___ ' s École des Beaux - Arts is , perhaps , the first model for such organized instruction , breaking with a tradition of " master and apprentice " instruction when it was formed . Pierre Louis Rodolphe Julian ( 13 June 1839 - 2 February 1907 ) born in Lapalud southeastern ___MASK72___ was a French painter , etcher and professor , founder and director of the Académie Julian in Paris . The writer André Corthis ( 1882  1952 ), winner of the 1906 edition of the Prix Femina was his niece . Femme nue couchée is an 1862 painting by French Realist painter Gustave Courbet ( 1819  1877 ). It depicts a young dark - haired woman reclining on a couch , wearing only a pair of shoes and stockings . Behind her , partly drawn red curtains reveal an overcast sky seen through a closed window . The work is likely influenced by Goya ' s " La maja desnuda ". Tintoretto ( born Jacopo Comin , late September or early October , 1518  May 31 , 1594 ) was an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Renaissance school . For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed Il Furioso . His work is characterized by its muscular figures , dramatic gestures , and bold use of perspective in the Mannerist style , while maintaining color and light typical of the Venetian School .