record_label the case of the 3 sided dream in audio color
Afro - Cuban jazz is the earliest form of ___MASK41___ jazz . It mixes Afro - Cuban clave - based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation . Afro - Cuban jazz first emerged in the early 1940s with the Cuban musicians Mario Bauza and Frank Grillo " Machito " in the band Machito and his Afro - Cubans , based in New York City . In 1947 the collaborations of bebop innovator Dizzy Gillespie with Cuban percussionist Chano Pozo brought Afro - Cuban rhythms and instruments , most notably the tumbadora and the bongo , into the East Coast jazz scene . Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music , such as Dizzy ' s and Pozo ' s " Manteca " and Charlie Parker ' s and Machito ' s " Mangó Mangüé ", were commonly referred to as " Cubop ", short for Cuban bebop . During its first decades , the Afro - Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in Cuba itself . In the early 1970s , the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna and later Irakere brought Afro - Cuban jazz into the Cuban music scene , influencing new styles such as songo . In the field of recorded music , a hidden track ( sometimes called a secret track or ghost track ) is a piece of music that has been placed on a CD , audio cassette , LP ___MASK9___ or other recorded medium in such a way as to avoid detection by the casual listener . In some cases , the piece of music may simply have been left off the track listing , while in other cases more elaborate methods are used . In rare cases a " hidden track " is actually the result of an error that occurred during the mastering stage of the ___MASK9___ ' s production . Grover Washington Jr . ( December 12 , 1943  December 17 , 1999 ) was an American jazz - ___MASK46___ / soul - jazz saxophonist . Along with George Benson , John Klemmer , David Sanborn , Bob James , Chuck Mangione , Dave Grusin , Herb Alpert , and Spyro Gyra , he is considered by many to be one of the founders of the smooth jazz genre . He wrote some of his material and later became an arranger and producer . Rahsaan Roland Kirk ( August 7 , 1935  December 5 , 1977 ) was an American jazz multi - instrumentalist who played tenor saxophone , flute , and many other instruments . He was renowned for his onstage vitality , during which virtuoso improvisation was accompanied by comic banter , political ranting , and the ability to play several instruments simultaneously . The LP ( from " long playing " or " long play ") is an analog sound storage medium , a vinyl ___MASK9___ format characterized by a speed of rpm , a 12 or 10 inch ( 30 or 25 cm ) diameter , and use of the " microgroove " groove specification . Introduced by Columbia in 1948 , it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire ___MASK9___ industry . Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound , it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums . Hugh C . McCracken ( March 31 , 1942  March 28 , 2013 ) was an American rock guitarist and session musician based in New York City , primarily known for his performance on guitar and also as a harmonica player . McCracken was additionally an arranger and producer . A virtuoso ( from Italian " virtuoso " or , " virtuous ", Late ___MASK41___ " virtuosus ", ___MASK41___ " virtus ", " virtue ", " excellence ", " skill ", or " manliness ") is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts , music , singing , playing a musical instrument , or composition . This word also refers to a person who has cultivated appreciation of artistic excellence , either as a connoisseur or collector . Virtuoso ' s plural form is either virtuosi or the Anglicisation , virtuosos , and the feminine forms are virtuosa and virtuose . The harmonica , also known as a French harp or mouth organ , is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres , notably in blues , American folk music , classical music , jazz , country , and rock and roll . There are many types of harmonica , including diatonic , chromatic , tremolo , octave , orchestral , and bass versions . A harmonica is played by using the mouth ( lips and tongue ) to direct air into or out of one or more holes along a mouthpiece . Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed . A harmonica reed is a flat elongated ___MASK95___ typically made of brass , stainless steel , or bronze , which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway . When the free end is made to vibrate by the player ' s air , it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound . Stephen Kendall " Steve " Gadd ( born April 9 , 1945 ) is an American drummer , percussionist and session musician . Gadd is one of the most well - known and highly regarded session and studio drummers in the industry , recognized by his induction into the " Modern Drummer " Hall of Fame in 1984 . Gadd ' s groove on Paul Simon ' s " 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover ", and drum solo on Steely Dan ' s " Aja ", are both examples of his seminal sound and signature style . He has worked with popular musicians from a wide range of genres including notably Simon & Garfunkel , Steely Dan , James Taylor , Eric Clapton , Joe Cocker , Grover Washington Jr ., Chick Corea , Lee Ritenour and ___MASK98___ . Donny Edward Hathaway ( October 1 , 1945  January 13 , 1979 ) was an American jazz , blues , soul and gospel singer , songwriter , arranger and pianist . Hathaway signed with ___MASK97___ in 1969 and with his first single for the Atco label , " The Ghetto ", in early 1970 , " Rolling Stone " magazine " marked him as a major new force in soul music ." His enduring songs include " The Ghetto ", " This Christmas ", " Someday We ' ll All Be Free ", " Little Ghetto Boy ", " I Love You More Than You ' ll Ever Know ", signature versions of " A Song for You " and " For All We Know ", and " Where Is the Love " and " The Closer I Get to You ", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack . " Where Is the Love " won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1973 . At the height of his career Hathaway was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and was known to not take his prescribed medication regularly enough to properly control his symptoms . On January 13 , 1979 , Hathaway ' s body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City ; his death was ruled a suicide . Hilton Ruiz ( May 29 , 1952  June 6 , 2006 ) was an American jazz pianist in the Afro - Cuban jazz mold , but was also a talented bebop player . He was of Puerto Rican descent . The Case of the 3 Sided Dream in Audio Color is an ___MASK3___ by jazz multi - instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk originally released as a double LP , with side 4 appearing blank - although side 4 did have a hidden track , the contents of which are released as track # 20 on the CD rerelease . It features performances by Kirk with Pat Patrick , Hilton Ruiz , Richard Tee , Arthur Jenkins , Cornell Dupree , Keith Loving , Hugh McCracken , Francisco Centeno , Metathias Pearson , Bill Salter , Sonny Brown , Steve Gadd , John Goldsmith , Lawrence Killian , Ralph MacDonald and arrangements by William Eaton . Curtis Ousley ( February 7 , 1934  August 13 , 1971 ), who performed under the stage name King Curtis , was an American saxophone virtuoso known for rhythm and blues , rock and roll , soul , blues , ___MASK46___ and soul jazz . Variously a bandleader , band member , and session musician , he was also a musical director and record producer . Adept at tenor , alto , and soprano saxophone , he was best known for his distinctive riffs and solos such as on " Yakety Yak ", which later became the inspiration for Boots Randolph ' s " Yakety Sax " and his own " Memphis Soul Stew ". A multi - instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments at a professional level . Multi - instrumentalists who play closely related instruments , a practice known as doubling are common in orchestra ( e . g ., flute players who double on piccolo and percussion players , who play snare drum , cymbals , bass drum , etc .), in jazz ( e . g ., saxophone players who double on clarinet or flute ; or double bass players who also play electric bass ); in music theatre pit orchestras ( e . g ., reed players who are required to play numerous reed instruments ); and in other areas of classical music ( e . g ., church piano players are often expected to play the church ' s pipe organ or Hammond organ as well ). Popular music composers and songwriters are often multi - instrumentalists . In ___MASK32___ and rock , it is more common than in classical or jazz for performers to be multi - instrumentalists on instruments that are not from the same family : it is common for ___MASK32___ and rock musicians to play both guitar and keyboards . Many bluegrass musicians are multi - instrumentalists . Some musicians ' unions or associations specify a higher rate of pay for musicians who double on two or more instruments for a performance or recording . A ___MASK9___ producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer ' s music , which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept ___MASK3___ . A producer has many roles during the recording process . The roles of a producer vary . He or she may gather musical ideas for the project , collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist / group , work with artists and help them to improve their songs , lyrics or arrangements . " 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover " is a song by the American singer - songwriter Paul Simon . It was the second single from his fourth ___MASK44___ , " Still Crazy After All These Years " ( 1975 ), released on ___MASK39___ . Backing vocals on the single were performed by Patti Austin , Valerie Simpson , and Phoebe Snow . The song features a recognizable repeated drum riff performed by drummer Steve Gadd . Session musicians , also called studio musicians , are professional instrumental performers who can be hired to play at live performances or in recording sessions . Many session musicians specialize in playing rhythm section instruments such as electric guitar , piano , electric bass , double bass , or drum kit . Some session musicians " double " on multiple instruments , such as electric bass and double bass or keyboards and guitar , a skill that enables them to play in a wider range of musical styles . Usually such musicians are not permanent members of a musical ensemble with the singers / soloists that they are accompanying and they often do not achieve individual fame in their own right as soloists or bandleaders . However , some backing bands of session musicians have become well known ( e . g ., The Wrecking Crew ). Skills and equipment . The term is applied to performers working in many musical styles , ranging from rock , R & B and soul music to ___MASK49___ . Versatility and excellent technique ( having strong rhythmic sense , playing notes and chords correctly , excellent intonation , etc .) are two of the most important skills of session musicians , as they may have to perform songs , tunes and pieces from a range of different styles in a range of different settings , often with little or no rehearsal time or personal practice time . As well , session musicians have an extensive knowledge of musical styles and idioms . Cornell Luther Dupree ( December 19 , 1942  May 8 , 2011 ) was an American jazz and R & B guitarist . He worked at various times with Bill Withers , Donny Hathaway , King Curtis and Steve Gadd , appeared on David Letterman , and wrote a book on soul and blues guitar : " Rhythm and Blues Guitar ." He reportedly recorded on 2 , 500 sessions . Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid - 1940s in the United States , which features songs characterized by a fast tempo , complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key , instrumental virtuosity , and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure , the use of scales and occasional references to the ___MASK28___ . Ralph MacDonald ( March 15 , 1944  December 18 , 2011 ) was a Trinbagonian - American percussionist , song - writer , musical arranger , ___MASK9___ producer , steelpan virtuoso and philanthropist . Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band whose music also blends elements of ___MASK46___ , R & B , and ___MASK32___ . Founded by core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen in 1972 , the band enjoyed great critical and commercial success starting from the early 1970s until breaking up in 1981 . " Rolling Stone " has called them " the perfect musical antiheroes for the Seventies ". Steely Dan reunited in 1993 and has toured steadily ever since . ___MASK98___ ( born Al Laurence Dimeola ; July 22 , 1954 in Jersey City , New Jersey ) is an American jazz fusion and ___MASK41___ jazz guitarist , composer , and record producer of Italian origin ( from Cerreto Sannita ). Albums such as " Friday Night in San Francisco " have earned him both artistic and commercial success with a solid fan base throughout the world . Eric Patrick Clapton , ( born 1945 ), is an ___MASK10___ rock and blues guitarist , singer , and songwriter . He is the only three - time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame : once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and Cream . Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time . Clapton ranked second in " Rolling Stone " magazine ' s list of the " 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time " and fourth in Gibson ' s " Top 50 Guitarists of All Time ". He was also named number five in " Time " magazine ' s list of " The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players " in 2009 .