is_a_list_of list of wine-producing countries
The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental ___MASK92___ to promote international co - operation . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the ___MASK92___ was established on 24 October 1945 after World ___MASK63___ II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan , New York ___MASK98___ , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The ___MASK92___ is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . Ethanol ( EtOH ), also called alcohol , ethyl alcohol , and drinking alcohol , is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages , produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts . It is a neurotoxic , psychoactive ___MASK96___ , and one of the oldest recreational drugs . It can cause alcohol intoxication when consumed in sufficient quantity . Terroir ( from " terre ", " land ") is the set of all environmental factors that affect a crop ' s phenotype , unique environment contexts and farming practices , when the crop is grown in a specific habitat . Collectively , these contextual characteristics are said to have a ___MASK65___ ; " terroir " also refers to this ___MASK65___ . The following is a list of the top 40 wine - producing countries and their volume of wine production for the year 2013 in metric tonnes , according to the ___MASK100___ and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) , which is an agency of the United Nations ; this is the latest information available from them as of 2015 . Their data show a total worldwide production of 27 , 421 , 931 tonnes of wine with the top ten producing countries accounting for over 85 % of that total . A nutrient is a component in foods that an ___MASK9___ uses to survive and grow . Macronutrients provide the bulk energy an ___MASK9___ ' s metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out . Both types of nutrients can be acquired from the environment . Micronutrients are used to build and repair tissues and to regulate body processes while macronutrients are converted to , and used for , energy . Methods of nutrient intake are different for plants and animals . Plants take in nutrients directly from the soil through their roots and from the atmosphere through their leaves . Animals and protists have specialized digestive systems that work to break down macronutrients for energy and utilize micronutrients for both metabolism and anabolism ( constructive synthesis ) in the body . Vitis rupestris is a ___MASK82___ of grape native to the United States that is known by many common names including July , sand , sugar , beach , bush , currant , ingar , rock , and mountain grape . It is used for breeding several French - American hybrids as well as many root stocks . The cultivar known as Rupestris St . George has been widely used in breeding and as a root stock ; it is perhaps the best known . The League of Nations ( abbreviated as LN in English , " La Société des Nations " abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French ) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World ___MASK63___ . It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace . Its primary goals , as stated in its Covenant , included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration . Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions , just treatment of native inhabitants , human and drug trafficking , the arms trade , global health , prisoners of ___MASK63___ , and protection of minorities in Europe . At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935 , it had 58 members . In computer science , ACID (" Atomicity , Consistency , Isolation , Durability ") is a set of properties of ___MASK26___ transactions . In the context of databases , a ___MASK49___ logical operation on the data is called a transaction . For example , a transfer of funds from one bank account to another , even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another , is a ___MASK49___ transaction . Extraterritoriality is the ___MASK38___ of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law , usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations . Historically , this applied to individuals . Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places , such as foreign embassies , military bases of foreign countries , or offices of the United Nations . The three most common cases recognized today internationally relate to the persons and belongings of foreign heads of ___MASK38___ , the persons and belongings of ambassadors and other diplomats , and ships in foreign waters . Manhattan is the most densely populated ___MASK75___ of New York ___MASK98___ , its economic and administrative center , and the ___MASK98___ ' s historical birthplace . The ___MASK75___ is coextensive with New York ___MASK77___ , founded on November 1 , 1683 , as one of the original counties of the U . S . state of New York . The ___MASK75___ consists mostly of Manhattan Island , bounded by the East , Hudson , and Harlem rivers , and also includes several small adjacent islands and Marble Hill , a small neighborhood on the U . S . mainland . The ___MASK98___ of New York , often called New York ___MASK98___ or simply New York , is the most populous ___MASK98___ in the United States . With an estimated 2015 population of 8 , 550 , 405 distributed over a land area of just , New York ___MASK98___ is also the most densely populated major ___MASK98___ in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the ___MASK98___ is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power ___MASK98___ , New York ___MASK98___ exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term " New York minute ". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world . Vitis labrusca ( fox grape ) is a ___MASK82___ of grapevines belonging to the " Vitis " genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae . The vines are native to eastern North America and are the source of many grape cultivars , including Catawba , Concord , Delaware , Isabella , Niagara , and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam , Alexander and Onaka . Among the characteristics of this vine ___MASK82___ in contrast to the European wine grape " Vitis vinifera " are its " slip - skin " that allows the skin of the grape berries to easily slip off when squeezed , instead of crushing the pulp , and the presence of tendrils on every node of the cane . Another contrast with European " vinifera " is the characteristic " foxy " musk of " V . labrusca ", best known to most people through the Concord grape . This musk is not related to the mammalian fox , but rather to the earthy , redolent aromas characteristic of the grapes that were known by early American settlers in the New World . The term " foxy " became a sort of catchall for the wine tasting descriptors used for these American wines that were distinct from the familiar flavors of the European viniferous wines . Sugar is the generalized ___MASK90___ for sweet , short - chain , soluble carbohydrates , many of which are used in ___MASK100___ . They are composed of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen . There are various types of sugar derived from different sources . Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose ( also known as dextrose ), fructose , and galactose . The table or granulated sugar most customarily used as ___MASK100___ is sucrose , a disaccharide . ( In the body , sucrose hydrolyses into fructose and glucose .) Other disaccharides include maltose and lactose . Longer chains of sugars are called oligosaccharides . Chemically - different substances may also have a sweet taste , but are not classified as sugars . Some are used as lower - calorie ___MASK100___ substitutes for sugar , described as artificial sweeteners . Wine ( from Latin " vinum ") is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes . These grapes are generally " Vitis vinifera ," or a hybrid with " Vitis labrusca " or " Vitis rupestris ". Grapes are fermented without the addition of sugars , acids , enzymes , water , or other nutrients . Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide . Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine . These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape , the reactions involved in fermentation , the terroir , and the production process . Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine . These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes , as well as other aspects of wine production . Latin ( Latin : ) is a classical ___MASK50___ belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo - European languages . The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets . An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown ; other types of ___MASK100___ often have appellations as well . Restrictions other than geographical boundaries , such as what grapes may be grown , maximum grape yields , alcohol level , and other quality factors , may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label . The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the ___MASK55___ in which the wine was produced . The ___MASK100___ and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO ) is an agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger . Serving both developed and developing countries , FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy . Nairobi is the ___MASK94___ and largest ___MASK98___ of Kenya . It is famous for having the Nairobi National Park , the world ' s only game reserve found within a major ___MASK98___ . The ___MASK98___ and its surrounding area also form Nairobi ___MASK77___ , whose current governor is Evans Kidero and Deputy Governor is Jonathan Mueke . Vitis vinifera ( common grape vine ) is a ___MASK82___ of " Vitis ", native to the Mediterranean region , central Europe , and southwestern Asia , from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran . There are currently between 5 , 000 and 10 , 000 varieties of " Vitis vinifera " grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production . Vienna is the ___MASK94___ and largest ___MASK98___ of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria ' s primary ___MASK98___ , with a population of about 1 . 8 million ( 2 . 6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria ' s population ), and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th - largest ___MASK98___ by population within ___MASK98___ limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German - speaking ___MASK98___ in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro - Hungarian Empire in World War I , the ___MASK98___ had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The ___MASK98___ is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the ___MASK98___ centre was designated a UNESCO ___MASK53___ . A grape is a fruit , botanically a berry , of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering ___MASK35___ ___MASK14___ " Vitis ". Water is a transparent and nearly colorless ___MASK86___ that is the main constituent of Earth ' s streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is HO , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid ___MASK38___ of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid ___MASK38___ ( ice ) or its gaseous ___MASK38___ ( steam or water vapor ). It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . World ___MASK63___ II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World ___MASK63___ , was a global ___MASK63___ that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread ___MASK63___ in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a ___MASK38___ of " total ___MASK63___ ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the ___MASK63___ effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by ___MASK18___ deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World ___MASK63___ II the deadliest conflict in human history . An intergovernmental ___MASK92___ or international governmental ___MASK92___ ( IGO ) is an ___MASK92___ composed primarily of sovereign states ( referred to as " member states "), or of other intergovernmental organizations . Intergovernmental organizations are often called international organizations , although that ___MASK61___ may also include international nongovernmental ___MASK92___ such as international nonprofit organizations or multinational corporations . The headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York ___MASK98___ designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer . The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952 . It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River . Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east . The term " Turtle Bay " is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole . Geneva (, , , ) is the second most populous ___MASK98___ in Switzerland ( after Zürich ) and is the most populous ___MASK98___ of Romandy , the French - speaking part of Switzerland . Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Republic and ___MASK87___ of Geneva .