date_of_death gaius julius callistus
Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum ( modern : Lyon , France ) was an important Roman city in Gaul . The city was founded in ___MASK41___ BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus . It served as the capital of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis and was an important city in the western half of the Roman Empire for centuries . Two emperors , Claudius and Caracalla , were born in Lugdunum . In the time period ___MASK54___  192 AD the city population could be as large as 50 , 000 to ___MASK25___ , 000 . Even figures of up to 200 , 000 people are proposed by Albert Grenier . Germanicus ( ___MASK63___ May 15 BC  10 October AD 19 ) was a member of the Julio - Claudian dynasty and a prominent general of the early Roman Empire . He was born in Rome , Italia , to Nero Claudius Drusus and his wife Antonia Minor . His original name at birth was either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father , or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle , the second Roman emperor Tiberius . The agnomen " Germanicus " was added to his full name in 9 BC when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania . By AD ___MASK12___ he was adopted as Tiberius ' son and heir . As a result , Germanicus was adopted out of the Claudii and into the Julii . In accordance with Roman naming conventions , he adopted the name Germanicus Julius Caesar . Gaius Julius Caesar ( ___MASK4___ July ___MASK25___ BC  15 March 44 BC ), known as Julius Caesar , was a Roman politician , general , and notable author of Latin prose . He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire . Nero ( Latin : " Ner Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus "; ___MASK74___ December ___MASK90___ AD  9 June 68 AD ) was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68 , and the last in the Julio - Claudian dynasty . Nero was adopted by his great - uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor , and acceded to the throne in 54 following Claudius ' death . Gaius Julius Callistus ( flourished 1st century ) was a Greek imperial freedman during the reigns of Roman Emperors Caligula and Claudius . Callistus was originally a freedman of Caligula , and was given great authority during his reign , which he used to amass even greater wealth . He often advised Caligula on imperial policy and how to deal with emergent issues such as the abundant conspiracies against the emperor . He used his influence to help his friends , including Domitius Afer , whose treason case was dropped at Callistus ' behest . However , Callistus was not immune from Caligula ' s wrath , and when a thwarted assassin named Callistus as a fellow conspirator in the failed plot , Caligula was ready to believe him . It was only pleading that saved Callistus ' life . Ironically , this distrust by Caligula may have caused Callistus to turn on him . He is named by the ancient sources as a prime mover in Caligula ' s murder ( ___MASK63___ January 41 ) rallying the other freedmen to the cause . When Claudius succeeded Caligula , he pardoned most of the conspirators . In order to impress the new emperor Claudius , Callistus stated that Caligula had ordered him to murder Claudius several times , but he had always refused . Whether or not this was true , Claudius allowed Callistus to stay in the imperial service . Claudius divided the daily maintenance of the empire among various freedmen and Callistus became Secretary of Justice and Law . His job was to oversee the running of the courts and the conduct of trials . He used the position to amass personal wealth , and carried on much the way he had under Caligula , advising the emperor on policy and the like . Callistus persuaded Claudius to hire his friend Scribonius Largus as a personal physician . After the disgrace and death of Roman Empress Valeria Messalina , Callistus is said to have promoted Caligula ' s former wife Lollia Paulina as a replacement . He would have been acquainted with her from his days in Caligula ' s court . Most of the details of Callistus ' personal life and ultimate fate are unknown , although he was dead by the end of Claudius ' reign . Claudius died by poison on ___MASK53___ . Callistus supposedly pushed his daughter Nymphidia to become one of Caligula ' s mistresses . Callistus ' grandchild Nymphidius Sabinus later claimed to be the product of this union , and tried unsuccessfully to gain the principate in the Year of the Four Emperors . Gnaeus Domitius Afer ( died ___MASK37___ ) was a Roman orator and advocate , born at Nemausus ( Nîmes ) in " Gallia Narbonensis ". He flourished in the reigns of Tiberius , Caligula , Claudius and Nero . The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period ( starting in ___MASK8___ BC ). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history . Often when a given Roman is described as becoming " emperor " in English , it reflects his taking of the title " Augustus " or " Caesar ". Another title often used was " imperator ", originally a military honorific . Early Emperors also used the title " princeps " ( first citizen ). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles , notably " Princeps Senatus ", " Consul " and " Pontifex Maximus ". Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , Italy shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , San Marino and Vatican City . Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in Italy as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With ___MASK55___ million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . Caligula , properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ___MASK27___ August AD 12  ___MASK63___ January AD 41 ) was Roman emperor from AD ___MASK90___  41 . Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus ( not to be confused with Julius Caesar ), Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio - Claudian dynasty . Caligula ' s biological father was Germanicus , and he was the great - nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius . The young Gaius earned the nickname " Caligula " ( meaning " little soldier ' s boot ", the diminutive form of " caliga ", hob - nailed military boot ) from his father ' s soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania . Antonia Minor (" PIR " A ___MASK18___ ), also known as Julia Antonia Minor , Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia ( ___MASK27___ January 36 BC - September / October AD ___MASK90___ ) was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor . She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus , sister - in - law of the Emperor Tiberius , paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger , mother of the Emperor Claudius , and both maternal great - grandmother and paternal great - aunt of the Emperor Nero . She was additionally the maternal great - aunt of the Empress Valeria Messalina and Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix , the paternal grandmother of Claudia Antonia , Claudia Octavia , and Britannicus and the maternal grandmother of Julia Livia and Tiberius Gemellus . The term Julio - Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman emperors  Augustus , Tiberius , Caligula , Claudius , and Nero  or the family to which they belonged . They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in the second half of the 1st century ( ___MASK76___ / ___MASK27___ / 27 ) BC , until AD 68 when the last of the line , Nero , committed suicide . Tiberius ( ___MASK65___ November 42 BC  ___MASK65___ March 37 AD ) was a Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD . Born Tiberius Claudius Nero , a Claudian , Tiberius was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla . His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian , later known as Augustus , in ___MASK98___ BC , making him a step - son of Octavian . Claudius ( ___MASK61___ August 10 BC  ___MASK53___ AD ) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54 . A member of the Julio - Claudian dynasty , he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor . He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul , the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy . Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age , his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship , shared with his nephew Caligula in 37 . Augustus ( ___MASK72___ September 63 BC  ___MASK14___ AD ) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor , controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14 . Gaul ( Latin : " Gallia ") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes , encompassing present day France , Luxembourg , Belgium , most of Switzerland , Northern Italy , as well as the parts of the Netherlands , Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine . It covered an area of ___MASK9___ , 800 mi² or ___MASK49___ , 169 km² . According to the testimony of Julius Caesar , Gaul was divided into three parts : Gallia Celtica , Belgica and Aquitania . Archaeologically , the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture , which extended across all of Gaul , as well as east to Raetia , Noricum , Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC . During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC , Gaul fell under Roman rule : Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC . Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons , who were in turn defeated by the Romans by ___MASK10___ BC . Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of ___MASK75___ to 51 BC .