parent_taxon neotropical bellbird
The order ___MASK82___ , or the scaled reptiles , are the largest recent order of reptiles , comprising all lizards and snakes . With over 10 , 000 species , it is also the second - largest order of extant vertebrates , after the perciform fish , and roughly equal in number to the Saurischia ( one of the 2 major groups of dinosaurs ). Members of the order are distinguished by their skins , which ___MASK94___ horny scales or shields . They also possess movable quadrate bones , making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the neurocranium . This is particularly visible in snakes , which are able to open their mouths very wide to accommodate comparatively large prey . They are the most variably sized order of reptiles , ranging from the dwarf gecko (" Sphaerodactylus ariasae ") to the green anaconda (" Eunectes murinus ") and the now - extinct mosasaurs , which reached lengths of . Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young . The strategy appears among birds , ___MASK100___ and some fish . The brood parasite manipulates a host , either of the same or of another species , to raise its young as if it were its own . ___MASK23___ is a genus of sparrows , also known as the true sparrows . The genus includes the house sparrow and the Eurasian tree sparrow , some of the most common birds in the world . They are small birds with thick bills for eating seeds , and are mostly coloured grey or brown . Native to the Old World , some species have been introduced throughout the world . A mountain range ( also mountain barrier , belt , or system ) is a geographic ___MASK54___ containing numerous geologically related mountains . A mountain system or system of mountain ranges , sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically ( regionally ) related . On Earth , most significant mountain ranges are the result of plate tectonics , though mountain ranges are formed by a range of processes , are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets . In geography , a plain is a flat ___MASK54___ . Plains occur as lowlands along the bottoms of valleys , coastal plains and as plateaus or uplands at high elevations . In a valley , a plain is enclosed on two sides but in other cases a plain may be delineated by a complete or partial ring of hills , by mountains or cliffs . Where a geological region contains more than one plain , they may be connected by a pass ( sometime termed a gap ). Plains may have been formed from flowing lava , deposited by water , ice , wind , or formed by erosion by these agents from hills and mountains . Neotropical bellbird ( or simply bellbird ) is the common name given to passerine birds of the genus Procnias , found in the Neotropics . They are members of the ___MASK38___ family . In some parts of their range , they are sometimes referred to as `` araponga '' . They are all restricted to tropical or subtropical humid forested regions , often in low mountains or foothills . As indicated by their common name , they all have very loud voices . Three of the four species are restricted to South America , while the last , the three - wattled bellbird , is restricted to southern Central America . They are strongly sexually dimorphic . Males have an at least partially white plumage , and facial wattles or bare facial skin . Females lack the wattles / bare facial skin , and are overall olive with yellowish streaks below . The cuckoos are a family of birds , ___MASK87___ , the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo , roadrunners , koels , malkohas , couas , coucals and anis . The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families , the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae respectively . Birds ( Aves ), also known as avian dinosaurs , are a group of endothermic vertebrates , characterised by feathers , toothless beaked jaws , the laying of hard - shelled eggs , a high metabolic rate , a four - chambered heart , and a lightweight but strong skeleton . Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ___MASK17___ . They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species , at approximately ten thousand , with more than half of these being passerines , sometimes known as perching birds or , less accurately , as songbirds . Cowbirds are birds belonging to the genus Molothrus in the family ___MASK91___ . They are brood parasitic New World birds which are unrelated to the Old World cuckoos , one of which , the common cuckoo , is the most famous brood parasitic ___MASK98___ . ___MASK100___ ( from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], " cut into sections ") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton , a three - part body ( head , ___MASK22___ and abdomen ), three pairs of jointed legs , compound eyes and one pair of antennae . They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet , including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms . The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million , and potentially represent over 90 % of the differing animal life forms on Earth . ___MASK100___ may be found in nearly all environments , although only a small number of species reside in the oceans , a habitat dominated by another arthropod group , crustaceans . Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increase in elevation at the base of a mountain range , higher hill range or an upland ___MASK54___ . They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills to the adjacent topographically higher mountains , hills , and uplands . The ___MASK60___ ___MASK66___ (" ___MASK66___ cristata ") is a small passerine bird . It is the only member of the genus ___MASK66___ . It had tradionally been considered a member of the family ___MASK70___ , and the Clements taxonomy retains it there . However , the International Ornithologists ' Union and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithologists ' Union place it in Tyrannidae . It is endemic to Atlantic forest in south - eastern Brazil . For a long time this species was feared to be extinct , as it went unrecorded during the 20th century until two birds were observed in Serra dos Órgãos on several days in October 1996 . Since these sightings , there have not been any confirmed records , although at least one recent  but unconfirmed  record exists from near Ubatuba . Consequently , it is considered Critically Endangered by BirdLife International . A passerine is any ___MASK98___ of the order Passeriformes , which includes more than half of all ___MASK98___ species . A notable feature of passerines compared to other orders of Aves is the arrangement of their toes , three pointing forward and one back , which facilitates perching . Sometimes known as perching birds or , less accurately , as songbirds , the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders , with over 5 , 000 identified species . It has roughly twice as many species as the largest of the ___MASK34___ orders , the ___MASK89___ . It contains more than 110 families , the second - most of any order of tetrapods ( after Squamata , the scaled reptiles ). The passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas , cuckoo - finches , and the cowbirds . Most passerines are omnivorous , while the shrikes are carnivorous . Shrikes are carnivorous passerine birds of the family Laniidae . The family is composed of thirty - one species in four genera . They are fairly closely related to the bush - ___MASK59___ family Malaconotidae . A songbird is a ___MASK98___ belonging to the clade ___MASK86___ of the perching birds ( Passeriformes ). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines , from Latin " oscen ", " a songbird ". This group contains some 4 , 000 species found all over the world , in which the vocal organ typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate ___MASK98___ song . Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages . Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just " binomial "), a binomen or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name . The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus . For example , humans belong to the genus " ___MASK11___ " and within this genus to the species " ___MASK11___ sapiens ". The " formal " introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work " Species Plantarum " in 1753 . But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1623 , had introduced in his book " Pinax theatri botanici " ( English , " Illustrated exposition of plants ") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus . In biology , an organism is any contiguous living system , such as an ___MASK99___ , ___MASK32___ , fungus , archaeon , or bacterium . All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli , reproduction , growth and development and homeostasis . An organism consists of one or more cells ; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism ; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism . Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms . Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs . The Amazonian ___MASK92___ (" Cephalopterus ornatus ") is a species of ___MASK98___ in the family ___MASK70___ native to the Amazon basin with a separate population on the eastern slopes of the Andes . The male ___MASK98___ is entirely black , with a black crest and inflatable wattle on the throat , and at , may be the largest passerine ___MASK98___ in South America . The female is slightly smaller . Both have an undulating flight , described as woodpecker - like , and the male has a loud , booming call . In botany , a fruit is the seed - bearing structure in flowering plants ( also known as ___MASK57___ ) formed from the ovary after flowering . A genus ( genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology . In the hierarchy of biological classification , genus comes above species and below family . In binomial nomenclature , the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus . Rodents ( from Latin " rodere ", " to gnaw ") are mammals of the order ___MASK89___ , which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws . About 40 % of all mammal species are rodents ; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica . They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats , including human - made environments . A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited ___MASK54___ , usually in the form of a peak . A mountain is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth . Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge mountain ranges . Umbrellabirds are birds in the genus " Cephalopterus ". They are found in rainforests of Central and South America . With a total length of , they are among the largest members of the ___MASK38___ family , and the male Amazonian ___MASK92___ is the largest passerine in South America . The cuckoo - finch (" ___MASK97___ imberbis "), also known as the parasitic weaver or cuckoo weaver , is a small passerine ___MASK98___ now placed in the family Viduidae with the indigobirds and whydahs . It occurs in grassland in Africa south of the Sahara . The male is mainly yellow and green while the female is buff with dark streaks . The eggs are laid in the nests of other birds . Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum ___MASK72___ ( chordates with backbones ). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata , with currently about 64 , 000 species described . Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates , which include the cartilaginous fish ( sharks and rays ) and the bony fish . Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia ( from Latin " mamma " " breast "), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex ( a region of the brain ), hair , three middle ear bones and mammary glands . The sister group of mammals may be the extinct " Haldanodon ." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida , which together with the ___MASK33___ form the Amniota clade . The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria . The cotingas are a large family of passerine ___MASK98___ species found in Central America and tropical South America . Cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges , which mostly eat fruit or insects and fruit . Comparatively little is known about this diverse group , although all have broad bills with hooked tips , rounded wings , and strong legs . They may be the most diverse passerine family in body size , ranging from the kinglet ___MASK66___ to the world  s largest suboscine in the male Amazonian umbrellabird , although the smallest species may not be a true cotinga .