date_of_birth marie of burgundy
John III " the Peaceful ", Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark ( John III , Duke of Cleves ; John I , Duke of Jülich - Berg ___MASK89___ November 1490  ___MASK70___ February 1538 / 9 ) was a son of John II , Duke of Cleves and Mathilde of Hesse , daughter of Henry III , Landgrave of Upper Hesse . Charles of Orléans ( 24 November ___MASK38___  5 January 1465 ) was Duke of Orléans from 1407 , following the murder of his father , Louis I , Duke of Orléans , on the orders of John the Fearless , Duke of Burgundy . He was also Duke of Valois , Count of Beaumont - sur - Oise and of Blois , Lord of Coucy , and the inheritor of Asti in Italy via his mother Valentina Visconti , daughter of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , Duke of Milan . Mary , Queen of Scots ( ___MASK29___ December ___MASK22___  ___MASK29___ February ___MASK1___ ), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland , reigned over Scotland from 14 December ___MASK22___ to 24 July 1567 . Joan of Arc (; ___MASK70___ January c . 1412  30 May 1431 ), nicknamed " The Maid of Orléans ", is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years ' War , and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint . Joan of Arc was born to Jacques d ' Arc and Isabelle Romée , a peasant family , at Domrémy in north - east France . Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael , Saint Margaret , and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years ' War . The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission . She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later . Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII ' s coronation at Reims . This long - awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory . Philip the Good (; ___MASK100___  15 June 1467 ) was Duke of Burgundy as Philip III from 1419 until his death . He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty , to which all the 15th - century kings of France belonged . During his reign , Burgundy reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts . Philip is known in history for his administrative reforms , his patronage of Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck and Franco - Flemish composers such as Gilles Binchois , and the capture of Joan of Arc . In political affairs , he alternated between alliances with the English and the French in an attempt to improve his dynasty ' s position . As ruler of Flanders , Brabant , Limburg , Artois , Hainaut , Holland , Zeeland , Friesland and Namur , he played an important role in the history of the Low Countries . Margaret of Brieg ( ___MASK66___  1386 ) was a daughter of Ludwik I the Fair and his wife , Agnes of Sagan . She was Duchess consort of Bavaria by her marriage to Albert I , Duke of Bavaria . Maria of Cleves ( ___MASK82___  23 August ___MASK40___ ) was the third wife of Charles , Duke of Orléans , and the mother of his only son , King Louis XII of France . She was born a German princess , the last child of Adolph I , Duke of Cleves and his second wife , Marie of Burgundy . John the Fearless , also known as John of Valois and John I of Burgundy ( ___MASK17___  10 September 1419 ), was Duke of Burgundy from 1404 to 1419 . He was a member of the Burgundian branch of the Valois Dynasty . For a period of time , he served as regent of France on behalf of his first cousin King Charles VI of France , who suffered from severe mental illness . Zeeland ( Zeelandic : " Zeêland " ) is the westernmost province of the Netherlands . The province , located in the south - west of the country , consists of a number of islands and peninsulas ( hence its name , meaning " sea - land ") and a strip bordering Belgium . Its capital is Middelburg . Its area is about , of which almost is water , and it has a population of about ___MASK53___ , 000 . Henry VIII ( ___MASK57___ June ___MASK88___  ___MASK57___ January ___MASK90___ ) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death . Henry was the second Tudor monarch , succeeding his father , Henry VII . Annulment is a legal procedure for declaring a marriage null and void . Unlike divorce , it is usually retroactive , meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning almost as if it had never taken place ( though some jurisdictions provide that the marriage is only void from the date of the annulment ; for example , this is the case in section ___MASK45___ of the Matrimonial Causes Act ___MASK5___ in England and Wales ). In legal terminology , an annulment makes a void marriage or a voidable marriage null . Gilles de Binche ( called Binchois ; also known as Gilles de Bins ; ca . ___MASK14___  20 September 1460 ), was a Netherlandish composer , one of the earliest members of the Burgundian school and one of the three most famous composers of the early 15th century . While often ranked behind his contemporaries Guillaume Dufay and John Dunstable by contemporary scholars , his works were still cited , borrowed and used as source material after his death . Anne of Cleves ( ___MASK48___  16 July ___MASK97___ ) was Queen of England from ___MASK70___ January to 9 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII . The marriage was declared never consummated and , as a result , she was not crowned queen consort . Following the annulment of their marriage , Anne was given a generous settlement by the King , and thereafter referred to as " the King ' s Beloved Sister ". She lived to see the coronation of Queen Mary I , outliving the rest of Henry ' s wives . Henry III , Landgrave of Upper Hesse , called " the Rich " ( ___MASK83___  13 January 1483 ) was the second son of Louis I of Hesse and his wife Anna of Saxony . Duke of Orléans was a title reserved for French royalty , first created in ___MASK10___ by Philip VI in favor of his son Philip of Valois . Known as princes of the blood (" princes du sang "), the title of Duke of Orléans was given , when available , to the oldest brother of the king . Thus , they formed a collateral line of the French royal family , with an eventual right to succeed to the throne should more senior princes of the blood die out . Marie of Burgundy , Duchess of Cleves ( 1393 -- ___MASK39___ October 1466 ) was the second child of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria , and an elder sister of Philip the Good . Born in Dijon , she became the second wife of Adolph , Count of Mark in May 1406 . He was made the 1st Duke of Cleves in 1417 . They were the grandparents of King Louis XII of France and the great - grandparents of John III , Duke of Cleves , father of Anne of Cleves , who was fourth Queen consort of Henry VIII of England . By their daughter , Catherine , they were ancestors of Mary , Queen of Scots . The Duke and Duchess of Cleves lived at Wijnendale Castle in West Flanders . She died in Cleves in present - day Monterberg , Kalkar . The House of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty . They succeeded the House of Capet ( or " Direct Capetians ") to the French throne , and were the royal house of France from ___MASK21___ to ___MASK47___ . Junior members of the family founded cadet branches in Orléans , Anjou , Burgundy , and Alençon . John IV ( ___MASK61___  5 November 1450 ) was a Count of Armagnac , Fézensac , and Rodez from ___MASK95___ to 1450 . He was the son of Bernard VII of Armagnac , Count d ' Armagnac , of Fézensac , Pardiac , and Rodez ; and Bonne of Berry . Jan van Eyck ( before c . ___MASK71___  9 July ___MASK33___ ) was a Flemish / Netherlandish painter active in Bruges . He is often considered one of the founders of Early Netherlandish painting school and one of the most significant representatives of Northern Renaissance art . The few surviving records of his early life indicate that he was born c . ___MASK8___  ___MASK71___ , most likely in Maaseik . He took employment in the Hague as painter and " Valet de chambre " with John III the Pitiless , ruler of Holland and Hainaut in the Hague around 1422 , when he was already a master painter with workshop assistants . After John ' s death in 1425 he was employed in Lille as court painter to Philip the Good , Duke of Burgundy , until 1429 before moving to Bruges , where he lived until his death . He was highly regarded by Philip , and undertook a number of diplomatic visits abroad , including to Lisbon in 1428 to explore the possibility of a marriage contract between the duke and Isabella of Portugal . Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy , a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in ___MASK98___ was allotted to Charles the Bald ' s kingdom of West Franks . Under the Ancien Régime , the Duke of Burgundy was the premier lay peer of the kingdom of France . John II , " The Babymaker ", Duke of Cleves , Count of Mark , ( German : Johann II . " der Kindermacher ", Herzog von Kleve , Graf von Mark ) ( ___MASK54___  ___MASK11___ ) was a son of John I , Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers . He ruled Cleves from ___MASK76___ to his death in ___MASK11___ . He was called " The Babymaker " since he fathered sixty - three illegitimate children before his marriage with Mathilde of Hesse in 1490 . She was the daughter of Henry III , Landgrave of Upper Hesse and his wife Anna of Katzenelnbogen . Friesland ( official ) or Frisia is a province in the northwest of the Netherlands . It is situated west of Groningen , northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel , north of Flevoland , northeast of North Holland , and south of the North Sea . In ___MASK87___ , the province had a population of 646 , 000 and a total area of . Louis XII ( ___MASK27___  ___MASK79___ January 1515 ) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504 . The son of Charles , Duke of Orléans , and Maria of Cleves , he succeeded his cousin Charles VIII , who died without a closer heir in 1498 . Charles VI ( ___MASK12___ December ___MASK37___  21 October 1422 ), called the Beloved and the Mad ( or " le Fou "), was King of France from 1380 to his death . He was a member of the House of Valois . Margaret of Bavaria , ( ___MASK3___  ___MASK30___ January 1423 , Dijon ), was the fifth child of Albert , Duke of Bavaria - Straubing , Count of Hainault , Holland , and Zeeland and Lord of Frisia , and Margaret of Brieg . She was the regent of the Burgundian Low countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404  1419 and the regent in French Burgundy during the absence of her son in 1419  1423 . She became most known for her successful defense of French Burgundy against John IV , Count of Armagnac in 1419 . Artois ( adjective Artesian ) is a region of northern France . Its territory has an area of around ___MASK72___ , 000 km² and a population of about one million . Its principal cities are Arras ( Dutch : " Atrecht "), Saint - Omer , Lens and Béthune .