date_of_birth rogier van der weyden
Early Netherlandish painting refers to the work of artists , sometimes known as the Flemish Primitives , active in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th - and 16th - century Northern Renaissance ; especially in the flourishing cities of Bruges , Ghent , Tournai and Brussels . Their work follows the International Gothic style and begins approximately with Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck in the early 1420s . It lasts at least until the death of Gerard David in ___MASK7___ , although many scholars extend it to the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568 ( Max J . Friedländer ' s acclaimed surveys run through Pieter Bruegel the Elder ). Early Netherlandish painting coincides with the Early and High Italian Renaissance but is seen as an independent artistic culture , separate from the Renaissance humanism that characterised developments in Italy . Because these painters represent the culmination of the northern European medieval artistic heritage and the incorporation of Renaissance ideals , they are sometimes categorised as belonging to both the Early Renaissance and Late Gothic . Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are hydrophobic , malleable solids near ambient temperatures . They include higher alkanes and lipids , typically with melting points above about ___MASK51___ ° C ( ___MASK85___ ° F ), melting to give low viscosity liquids . Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic , nonpolar solvents . Natural waxes of different types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum . The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps . Before ___MASK8___ , Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy . From the late 15th century , its ideas spread around Europe . This influenced the German Renaissance , French Renaissance , English Renaissance , Renaissance in the Low Countries , Polish Renaissance and other national and localized movements , each with different characteristics and strengths . Maaseik ( Limburgs : Mezeik ) is a town and municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg . Both in size ( close to ___MASK48___ km² ) as in population ( around ___MASK74___ , 000 inhabitants , of whom ca . 3 , 000 non - Belgian ), it is the 8th largest municipality in Limburg . The town is the seat of the administrative arrondissement of Maaseik (" kieskanton "). Internationally , Maaseik is known as the assumed birthplace of the famous Flemish painters Jan and Hubert van Eyck . Karel van Mander ( I ) or Carel van Mander I ( alternative name spellings : Carel van Mandere , Karel Van Mander and Carel Van Mander ) ( May ___MASK29___  2 September 1606 ) was a Flemish painter , poet , art historian and art theoretician , who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life . He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandish painters and Northern Renaissance artists in his " Schilder - boeck ". As an artist and art theoretician he played a significant role in the spread and development of Northern Mannerism in the Dutch Republic . Artois ( adjective Artesian ) is a region of northern France . Its territory has an area of around ___MASK16___ , 000 km² and a population of about one million . Its principal cities are Arras ( Dutch : " Atrecht "), Saint - Omer , Lens and Béthune . Robert Campin ( c . ___MASK42___  26 April ___MASK23___ ), now usually identified as the artist known as the Master of Flémalle , is usually considered the first great master of Flemish and Early Netherlandish painting . His identity and the attribution of the paintings in the " Campin group " has been a matter of controversy for decades . His life is relatively well documented for the period , but he did not sign his paintings , and none could be securely connected with him , whilst a corpus of work attached to the unidentified " Master of Flémalle ". Zeeland ( Zeelandic : " Zeêland " ) is the westernmost province of the Netherlands . The province , located in the south - west of the country , consists of a number of islands and peninsulas ( hence its name , meaning " sea - land ") and a strip bordering Belgium . Its capital is Middelburg . Its area is about , of which almost is water , and it has a population of about ___MASK21___ , 000 . Philip the Good (; ___MASK94___ July ___MASK86___  15 June 1467 ) was Duke of Burgundy as Philip III from 1419 until his death . He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty , to which all the 15th - century kings of France belonged . During his reign , Burgundy reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts . Philip is known in history for his administrative reforms , his patronage of Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck and Franco - Flemish composers such as Gilles Binchois , and the capture of Joan of Arc . In political affairs , he alternated between alliances with the English and the French in an attempt to improve his dynasty ' s position . As ruler of Flanders , Brabant , Limburg , Artois , Hainaut , Holland , Zeeland , Friesland and Namur , he played an important role in the history of the Low Countries . Rogier van der Weyden ( Dutch : ( roir vn dr i  d ( n ) ) ) or Roger de la Pasture ( 1399 or ___MASK69___ -- 18 June 1464 ) was an Early Netherlandish painter . His surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs , altarpieces and commissioned single and diptych portraits . Although his life was generally uneventful , he was highly successful and internationally famous in his lifetime . His paintings were exported -- or taken -- to Italy and Spain , and he received commissions from , amongst others , Philip the Good , Netherlandish nobility and foreign princes . By the latter half of the 15th century , he had eclipsed Jan van Eyck in popularity . However his fame lasted only until the 17th century , and largely due to changing taste , he was almost totally forgotten by the mid - 18th century . His reputation was slowly rebuilt during the following 200 years ; today he is known , with Robert Campin and van Eyck , as the third ( by birth date ) of the three great Early Flemish artists ( ' Vlaamse Primitieven ' or ' Flemish Primitives ' ) , and widely as the most influential Northern painter of the 15th century . Karel van Mander wrote that the great artistic contribution of Rogier van der Weyden lies in his ideas , his composition and rendering of the soul ' s expression through pain , happiness or anger , and the tempering of this emotional testimony to the subject matter of his work . There are few certain facts of van der Weyden ' s life . What is known of him beyond this has been woven together from secondary sources , and some of it is contestable . However the paintings now attributed to him are generally accepted , despite a tendency in the 19th century to attribute his work to others . Van der Weyden worked from life models , and his observations were acute , yet he often idealised certain elements of his models ' facial features , and they are typically statuesque , especially in his triptychs . All of his forms are rendered with rich , warm colourisation and a sympathetic expression , while he is known for his expressive pathos and naturalism . His portraits tend to be half length and half profile , and he is as sympathetic here as in his religious triptychs . Van der Weyden used an unusually broad range of colours and varied tones ; in his finest work the same tone is not repeated in any other area of the canvas ; even the whites are varied . Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy , a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in ___MASK28___ was allotted to Charles the Bald ' s kingdom of West Franks . Under the Ancien Régime , the Duke of Burgundy was the premier lay peer of the kingdom of France . Jan van Eyck ( before c . ___MASK99___  9 July 1441 ) was a Flemish / Netherlandish painter active in Bruges . He is often considered one of the founders of Early Netherlandish painting school and one of the most significant representatives of Northern Renaissance art . The few surviving records of his early life indicate that he was born c . 1380  ___MASK99___ , most likely in Maaseik . He took employment in the Hague as painter and " Valet de chambre " with John III the Pitiless , ruler of Holland and Hainaut in the Hague around 1422 , when he was already a master painter with workshop assistants . After John ' s death in 1425 he was employed in Lille as court painter to Philip the Good , Duke of Burgundy , until 1429 before moving to Bruges , where he lived until his death . He was highly regarded by Philip , and undertook a number of diplomatic visits abroad , including to Lisbon in 1428 to explore the possibility of a marriage contract between the duke and Isabella of Portugal . Joan of Arc (; ___MASK49___ January c . 1412  30 May 1431 ), nicknamed " The Maid of Orléans ", is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years ' War , and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint . Joan of Arc was born to Jacques d ' Arc and Isabelle Romée , a peasant family , at Domrémy in north - east France . Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael , Saint Margaret , and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years ' War . The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission . She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later . Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII ' s coronation at Reims . This long - awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory . Flémalle is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liége . On January ___MASK84___ , 2006 , Flémalle had a total population of 25 , 140 . The total area is 36 . 68 km² which gives a population density of ___MASK38___ inhabitants per km² . A diptych ( from the Greek  , " di " " two " + " ptych " " fold ") is any object with two flat plates attached at a hinge . For example , the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax . Writing was accomplished by scratching the wax surface with a stylus . When the notes were no longer needed , the wax could be slightly heated and then smoothed to allow reuse . Ordinary versions had wooden frames , but more luxurious diptychs were crafted with more expensive materials . The Dutch Republic , also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ('), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces ('), was a republic in Europe existing from ___MASK36___ , when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule , until 1795 . It preceded the Batavian Republic , the Kingdom of Holland , the United Kingdom of the Netherlands , and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands . Alternative names include the United Provinces ('), Seven Provinces ('), Federated Dutch Provinces ('), and Dutch Federation ('). Friesland ( official ) or Frisia is a province in the northwest of the Netherlands . It is situated west of Groningen , northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel , north of Flevoland , northeast of North Holland , and south of the North Sea . In ___MASK46___ , the province had a population of ___MASK66___ , 000 and a total area of . Gilles de Binche ( called Binchois ; also known as Gilles de Bins ; ca . ___MASK69___  ___MASK34___ September 1460 ), was a Netherlandish composer , one of the earliest members of the Burgundian school and one of the three most famous composers of the early 15th century . While often ranked behind his contemporaries Guillaume Dufay and John Dunstable by contemporary scholars , his works were still cited , borrowed and used as source material after his death .