country_of_citizenship exuma 
___MASK76___ ( Island Carib : ), officially the Commonwealth of ___MASK76___ , is a sovereign island country . The capital , Roseau , is located on the leeward side of the island . It is part of the Windward islands in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea . The island lies south - southeast of ___MASK93___ and northwest of Martinique . Its area is and the highest point is Morne Diablotins , at elevation . The population was 72 , 301 at the 2014 census . Allen Toussaint ( January 14 , 1938  November 10 , 2015 ) was an ___MASK45___ musician , songwriter , arranger and record producer , who was an influential figure in New Orleans R & B from the 1950s to the end of the century , described as " one of popular music  s great backroom figures ." Many musicians recorded Toussaint ' s compositions , including " Java ", " Mother - in - Law ", " I Like It Like That ", " Fortune Teller ", " Ride Your Pony ", " Get Out of My Life , Woman ", " Working in the Coal Mine ", " Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky ", " Here Come the Girls ", " Yes We Can Can ", " Play Something Sweet ", and " Southern Nights ". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings , among the best known of which are " Right Place , Wrong Time ", by his longtime friend Dr . John (" Mac " Rebennack ), and " Lady Marmalade ", by Labelle . ___MASK59___ ( or ) is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles , in the Americas . It is in length and up to in width , covering an area of . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and north - east of ___MASK50___ . ___MASK59___ is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Its capital is Bridgetown . ___MASK59___ is Southeast of Miami . The Garifuna (; pl . " Garinagu " in Garifuna ) are mixed - race descendants of West African , Central African , Island Carib , and Arawak people . The ___MASK46___ colonial administration used the term " Black Carib " and Garifuna to distinguish them from " Yellow " and " Red Carib ", the original Amerindian population before the Africans intermixed and those deemed to still look Native by the ___MASK46___ . Those Caribs who were deemed to look Native and had less African admixture are still living in the islands of the Lesser Antilles . The Island Caribs lived throughout the southern Lesser Antilles , such as present Dominica , St Vincent and Trinidad . Their ancestors are believed to have conquered these areas from their previous inhabitants , the Igneri . New York University ( NYU ) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City . Founded in 1831 , NYU is considered one of the world ' s most influential research universities . University rankings compiled by " Times Higher Education ", " U . S . News & World Report ", and the " ___MASK56___ Ranking of World Universities " all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world . NYU is a fundamental part of the creativity , energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan , located with its core in Greenwich Village , and its campuses based throughout New York City . NYU is also a world - class university , operating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai , and 11 global ___MASK56___ centers in Accra , Berlin , Buenos Aires , Florence , London , Madrid , Paris , Prague , Sydney , Tel Aviv , and Washington , D . C . ___MASK66___ ( or , also spelled Surinam ), officially known as the Republic of ___MASK66___ , is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America . It is bordered by French Guiana to the east , ___MASK80___ to the west and Brazil to the south . At just under , it is the smallest country in South America . ___MASK66___ has a population of approximately 566 , 000 , most of whom live on the country ' s north coast , in and around the capital and largest city , Paramaribo . Rhythm and blues , often abbreviated as R & B or RnB , is a genre of popular African - ___MASK45___ music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a time when " urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat " was becoming more popular . In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . R & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African - ___MASK45___ experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and sex . A circus is a company of performers that may include clowns , acrobats , trained animals , trapeze acts , musicians , hoopers , tightrope walkers , jugglers , unicyclists , as well as other object manipulation and stunt - oriented artists . The term ' circus ' also describes the performance which has followed various formats through its 250 - year modern history . Philip Astley is credited with being the ' father ' of the modern circus when he opened the first circus in 1768 in ___MASK25___ . Early circuses were almost exclusively demonstrations of equestrian skills with a few other types of acts to link the horsemanship performances . Performances developed significantly through the next fifty years , with large scale theatrical battle reenactments becoming a significant feature . The ' traditional ' format , whereby a ringmaster introduces a varied selection of acts that mostly perform choreographed acts to traditional music , developed in the latter part of 19th century and continued almost universally to be the main style of circus up until the 1970s . Santería , also known as Regla de Ochá , La Regla de Ifá , or Lucumi is a syncretic religion of Caribbean origin that developed in the ___MASK12___ among West African descendants . " Santeria " is also a Spanish word that means the worship of saints . Santería is influenced by and syncretized with Roman Catholicism . Its liturgical language , a dialect of Yoruba , is also known as Lucumí . Carnival ( see other spellings and names ) is a Western Christian festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent . The main events typically occur during February or early March , during the period historically known as Shrovetide ( or Pre - Lent ). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and / or parade combining some elements of a circus , masks , and a public street party . People wear masks and costumes during many such celebrations , allowing them to lose their everyday individuality and experience a heightened sense of social unity . Excessive consumption of alcohol , meat , and other foods proscribed during Lent is extremely common . Other common features of carnival include mock battles such as food fights ; social satire and mockery of authorities ; the grotesque body displaying exaggerated features , especially large noses , bellies , mouths , and phalli , or elements of animal bodies ; abusive language and degrading acts ; depictions of disease and gleeful death ; and a general reversal of everyday rules and norms . North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of Africa . The United Nations definition of " North Africa " includes seven countries and territories ; ___MASK24___ , ___MASK36___ , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Sudan , ___MASK49___ , and Western Sahara . The countries of ___MASK24___ , Morocco , ___MASK49___ , and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb , which is the Arabic word for " sunset ". ___MASK36___ lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West Asia , while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel , to the south of ___MASK36___ . ___MASK62___ , formerly ___MASK46___ Honduras , is a country on the eastern coast of Central America . ___MASK62___ is bordered on the north by Mexico , on the south and west by ___MASK88___ , and on the east by the Caribbean Sea . Its mainland is about long and wide . A mask is an object normally worn on the face , typically for protection , disguise , performance , or entertainment . Masks have been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and practical purposes . They are usually worn on the face , although they may also be positioned for effect elsewhere on the wearer ' s body . In parts of ___MASK64___ , giant totem masks cover the body , whilst Inuit women use finger masks during storytelling and dancing . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African ___MASK45___ and European ___MASK45___ musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - ___MASK45___ music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". Ska ( Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in ___MASK17___ in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae . Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with ___MASK45___ jazz and rhythm and blues . It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off - beat . Ska developed in ___MASK17___ in the 1960s when Prince Buster , Clement " Coxsone " Dodd , and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play ___MASK45___ rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs . Some suggest ska dates to earlier times , however . In the early 1960s , ska was the dominant music genre of ___MASK17___ and was popular with ___MASK46___ mods . Later it became popular with many skinheads . Obeah ( sometimes spelled " Obi ", " Obea ", or " Obia ") is a term used in the West Indies to refer to folk magic , sorcery , and religious practices developed among West African slaves , specifically of Igbo origin . Obeah is similar to other Afro - ___MASK45___ religions including Palo , Vodou , Santería , and Hoodoo . Obeah is practiced in ___MASK85___ , ___MASK30___ , Barbados , Belize , Dominica , Jamaica , Guyana , Suriname , Trinidad and Tobago and other Caribbean nations . ___MASK50___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK50___ , is a twin island country situated off the northern edge of the South American mainland , lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada . Bordering the Caribbean to the north , it shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast , Grenada to the northwest , ___MASK80___ to the southeast , and Venezuela to the south and west . Junkanoo is a street parade with music , dance , and costumes of Akan origin in many towns across ___MASK30___ every Boxing Day ( December 26 ) and New Year ' s Day ( January 1 ), the same as " Kakamotobi " or the Fancy Dress Festival . The largest Junkanoo parade happens in the capital New Providence . There are also Junkanoo parades in Miami in June and Key West in October , where local black American populations have their roots in ___MASK30___ . In addition to being a culture dance for the Garifuna people , this type of dancing is also performed in ___MASK30___ on Independence day and other historical holidays . The West Indies or Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean , that includes the island nations and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes : the Greater Antilles , the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago . The term is synonymous with the term " Caribbean Basin ". The region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf coast , then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America . ___MASK15___ is also included within the region even though it is in the west - central Atlantic , due to its common cultural history created by European colonization of the region , and in most of the region by the presence of a significant group of African descent . A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather , ecology and hours of daylight . Seasons result from the yearly orbit of the ___MASK43___ around the Sun and the tilt of the ___MASK43___ ' s rotational axis relative to the plane of the orbit . In temperate and polar regions , the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the ___MASK43___ ' s surface , variations of which may cause animals to go into hibernation or to migrate , and plants to be dormant . During May , June , and July , the northern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because the hemisphere faces the sun . The same is true of the southern hemisphere in November , December , and January . It is the tilt of the ___MASK43___ that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months which increases the solar flux . However , due to seasonal lag , June , July , and August are the hottest months in the northern hemisphere and December , January , and February are the hottest months in the southern hemisphere . The Caribbean ( or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea , its islands ( some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean ) and the surrounding coasts . The region is southeast of the Gulf of ___MASK21___ and the North American mainland , east of Central America , and north of South America . The Americas , also collectively called America , encompass the totality of the continents of North America and South America . Together they make up most of ___MASK43___ ' s western hemisphere and comprise the " New World ". ___MASK30___ , known officially as the Commonwealth of ___MASK30___ , is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago . It consists of more than 700 islands , cays , and islets in the Atlantic Ocean and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola ( Haiti and the Dominican Republic ); northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands ; southeast of the US state of Florida and east of the Florida Keys . The state capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence . The designation of " ___MASK30___ " can refer to either the country or the larger island chain that it shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands . As stated in the mandate / manifesto of the Royal Bahamas Defence Force , ___MASK30___ territory encompasses of ocean space . A poet is a person who writes poetry . Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others . A poet may simply be a ___MASK18___ of poetry , or may perform their art to an audience . Reggae is a music genre that originated in ___MASK17___ in the late 1960s . The term also denotes the modern popular music of ___MASK17___ and its diaspora . A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals " Do the Reggay " was the first popular song to use the word " reggae ," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience . While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music , the term " reggae " more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as ___MASK45___ jazz and rhythm and blues , especially the New Orleans R & B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint , and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady . Reggae usually relates news , social gossip , and political comment . Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field , being known first as  Rudie Blues , then  Ska , later  Blue Beat , and  Rock Steady . It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat , and the offbeat rhythm section . The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady ; from the latter , reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument . ___MASK80___ ( pronounced or ), officially the Co - operative Republic of ___MASK80___ , is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America . It is , however , included in the Caribbean Region due to its strong cultural , historical , and political ties with the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ). ___MASK80___ is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north , Brazil to the south and southwest , Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west . With , ___MASK80___ is the fourth - smallest country on mainland South America after Uruguay , Suriname and French Guiana . Greenwich Village , often referred to by locals as simply " the Village ", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan , New York City . Greenwich Village has been known as an artists ' haven , the Bohemian capital , the cradle of the modern LGBT movement , and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and ' 60s counterculture movements . " Groenwijck ", one of the Dutch names for the village ( meaning " Green District "), was Anglicized to " Greenwich ". Two of New York ' s private colleges , New York University ( NYU ) and the New School , are located in Greenwich Village . Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated the day after Christmas Day . It originated in the ___MASK27___ , and is celebrated in a number of countries that previously formed part of the ___MASK46___ Empire . Boxing Day is on 26 December , although the attached bank holiday or public holiday may take place either on that day or a day later . Rocksteady is a music genre that originated in ___MASK17___ around 1966 . A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae , rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads , The Maytals , The Heptones and The Paragons . The term " rocksteady " comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis song " Rock Steady ". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ska dances . The first international rocksteady hit was " Hold Me Tight " ( 1968 ) by the ___MASK45___ soul singer Johnny Nash ; it reached number one in ___MASK78___ . Antoine " Fats " Domino , Jr . ( born February 26 , 1928 ) is an ___MASK45___ pianist and singer - songwriter of French Creole descent . Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records , and he had 35 records in the U . S . Top 40 . His musical style is based on traditional rhythm and blues , accompanied by saxophones , bass , piano , electric guitar , and drums . A ballad is a form of verse , often a narrative set to music . Ballads derive from the medieval French " chanson balladée " or " ballade ", which were originally " danced songs ". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the ___MASK46___ Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century . They were widely used across Europe , and later in the Americas , Australia and North Africa . Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form , consisting of couplets ( two lines ) of rhymed verse , each of 14 syllables . ___MASK17___ is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea , consisting of the third - largest island of the Greater Antilles . The island , in area , lies about south of ___MASK16___ , and west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the nation - states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ). ___MASK17___ is the fourth - largest island country in the Caribbean , by area . ___MASK85___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK85___ , is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea . It occupies the western three - eighths of the island , which it shares with the ___MASK77___ . ___MASK85___ is in size and has an estimated 10 . 6 million people , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second - most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole . ___MASK64___ , officially the Commonwealth of ___MASK64___ , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world ' s sixth - largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are ___MASK44___ , ___MASK51___ and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north - east ; and New Zealand to the south - east . ___MASK64___ ' s capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . " Do the Reggay " is a reggae song by The Maytals . Written by Toots Hibbert , produced by Leslie Kong and released on Beverly ' s Records in ___MASK17___ and Pyramid Records in the UK in 1968 . " Do the Reggay " was the first popular song to use the word " reggae " and defined the developing genre by giving it its name . At that time , " reggay " had been the name of a passing dance fashion in ___MASK17___ , but the song ' s connection of the word with the music itself led to its use for the style of music that developed from it . Key West is an island in the Straits of Florida on the North ___MASK45___ continent , at the southernmost tip of the Florida Keys . The island is about from ___MASK16___ . Macfarlane Gregory Anthony Mackey , who recorded as Exuma ( 18 February 1942 -- 15 January 1997 ) , was a Bahamian musician , known for his almost unclassifiable music : a strong mixture of carnival , junkanoo , calypso and ballad . In his early days in New York ' s Greenwich Village , Tony McKay ( his self - given name ) performed in small clubs and bars . Later , along with his then - partner and lifelong friend , Sally O ' Brien , and several musician friends , he launched EXUMA - a seven - person group that toured and recorded albums , starting with Exuma : The Obeah Man in 1970 and ending with Rude Boy in 1986 . His songs invoke influences from calypso , junkanoo , reggae , African music and folk music with his lyrics dealing heavily with Obeah . His backing band known only as the Junk Band has included names such as Sally O ' Brien , Bogie , Lord Wellington , Villy , Mildred Vaney , Frankie Gearing , Diana Claudia Bunea , and his good friend Peppy Castro .