place_of_birth james iv of majorca
James ___MASK81___ Majorca ( c . 1336 -- 20 January 1375 ) unsuccessfully claimed the thrones ___MASK81___ the Kingdom ___MASK81___ Majorca and the Principality ___MASK81___ Achaea from 1349 until his death . He served as king consort ___MASK81___ Naples , as such being excluded from government . The ___MASK6___ ( or , , ) was the name ___MASK81___ the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period . The name was used for the Byzantine province known as the Despotate ___MASK81___ the ___MASK6___ , by the Ottoman Empire for the ___MASK6___ Eyalet , and by the Republic ___MASK81___ Venice for the short - lived Kingdom ___MASK81___ the ___MASK6___ . The ___MASK91___ , also referred to as the Eastern ___MASK31___ Empire , was the continuation ___MASK81___ the ___MASK31___ Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was ___MASK95___ ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as Byzantium ). It survived the fragmentation and fall ___MASK81___ the Western ___MASK31___ Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 . During most ___MASK81___ its existence , the empire was the most powerful economic , cultural , and military force in Europe . Both " ___MASK91___ " and " Eastern ___MASK31___ Empire " are historiographical terms created after the end ___MASK81___ the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the " ___MASK31___ Empire " ( tr . ), or " Romania ", and to themselves as " Romans ". A ___MASK16___ consort ( also Emperor consort ) is an alternative title to the more usual " prince consort "  which is a position given in some monarchies to the husband ___MASK81___ a reigning queen . The Principality ___MASK81___ Achaea or ___MASK81___ the Morea was one ___MASK81___ the three vassal states ___MASK81___ the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture ___MASK81___ ___MASK95___ during the Fourth Crusade . It became a vassal ___MASK81___ the Kingdom ___MASK81___ Thessalonica , along with the Duchy ___MASK81___ Athens , until Thessalonica was captured by Theodore , the despot ___MASK81___ Epirus , in 1224 . After this , Achaea became for a while the dominant power in Greece . A vassal or feudatory is a person regarded as having a ___MASK34___ obligation to a lord or monarch , in the context ___MASK81___ the feudal system in medieval Europe . The obligations often included military support and ___MASK34___ protection , in exchange for certain privileges , usually including land held as a tenant or fief . The term is applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies . Peter the Great (; 1239  11 November 1285 ) was the ___MASK16___ ___MASK81___ Aragon ( as Peter III ) ___MASK81___ ___MASK13___ ( as Peter I ), and Count ___MASK81___ Barcelona ( as Peter II ) from 1276 to his death , ( monarch ___MASK81___ the union ___MASK81___ kingdoms called the Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon ). At the invitation ___MASK81___ some rebels , he conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282 , pressing the claim ___MASK81___ his wife , Constance ___MASK81___ Hohenstaufen . He was one ___MASK81___ the greatest ___MASK81___ medieval Aragonese monarchs . James ___MASK72___ ( 31 May 1243  29 May 1311 ) was King ___MASK81___ Majorca and Lord ___MASK81___ ___MASK76___ from 1276 until his death . He was the second son ___MASK81___ James I ___MASK81___ Aragon and his wife , Violant , daughter ___MASK81___ Andrew ___MASK72___ ___MASK81___ Hungary . In 1279 , by the Treaty ___MASK81___ Perpignan , he became a vassal ___MASK81___ the Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon . The Kingdom ___MASK81___ Thessalonica was a short - lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly . The Empire ___MASK81___ Romania , more commonly known in historiography as the Latin Empire or Latin Empire ___MASK81___ ___MASK95___ , and known to the Byzantines as the Latin Occupation , was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders ___MASK81___ the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire . It was established after the capture ___MASK81___ ___MASK95___ in 1204 and lasted until 1261 . The Latin Empire was intended to supplant the Byzantine Empire as the titular Roman Empire in the east , with a Western Roman Catholic emperor enthroned in place ___MASK81___ the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors . Baldwin IX , Count ___MASK81___ Flanders , was crowned the first Latin emperor as Baldwin I on 16 May 1204 . The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake ___MASK81___ the Fourth Crusade , especially Venice , and after a short initial period ___MASK81___ military successes it went into a steady decline . Weakened by constant warfare with the Bulgarians and the unconquered sections ___MASK81___ the empire , it eventually fell when Byzantines recaptured ___MASK95___ under Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261 . The last Latin emperor , Baldwin II , went into exile , but the imperial title survived , with several pretenders to it , until the 14th century . The Kingdom ___MASK81___ Majorca (; ) was founded by James I ___MASK81___ Aragon , also known as " James The Conqueror ". After the death ___MASK81___ his firstborn son Alfonso , a will was written in 1262 and created the kingdom to cede it to his son James . The disposition was maintained during successive versions ___MASK81___ his will and so when James I died in 1276 , the Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon passed to his eldest son Peter , known as Peter III ___MASK81___ Aragon or " Peter the Great ". The Kingdom ___MASK81___ Majorca passed to James , who reigned under the name ___MASK81___ James II ___MASK81___ Majorca . After 1279 , Peter III ___MASK81___ Aragon established that the king ___MASK81___ Majorca was a vassal to the king ___MASK81___ Aragon . The title continued to be employed by the Aragonese and Spanish monarchs until its dissolution by the 1715 Nueva Planta decrees . ___MASK53___ (' ), officially the Hellenic ___MASK60___ ( Greek : ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe . ___MASK53___ ' s population is approximately 10 . 955 million as ___MASK81___ 2015 . Athens is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . The Duchy ___MASK81___ Athens ( Greek :   , Catalan : " Ducat d ' Atenes ") was one ___MASK81___ the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest ___MASK81___ the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade , encompassing the regions ___MASK81___ Attica and Boeotia , and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century . ___MASK87___ or Mallorca ( or ) is the largest ___MASK66___ in the Balearic Islands archipelago , which are part ___MASK81___ Spain and located in the Mediterranean . ___MASK95___ was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire ( 330  1204 and 1261  1453 ), and also of the brief Latin ( 1204  1261 ), and the later Ottoman ( 1453  1923 ) empires . It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great , after whom it was named , and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD . ___MASK21___ or Achaia , sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaïa (" Achaïa "), is one ___MASK81___ the regional units ___MASK81___ Greece . It is part ___MASK81___ the region ___MASK81___ West Greece and is situated in the northwestern part ___MASK81___ the Peloponnese peninsula . The capital is Patras . Since 2001 , the population has exceeded 300 , 000 . The Fourth Crusade ( 1202  04 ) was a Western European armed expedition called by ___MASK47___ Innocent III , originally intended to conquer Muslim - controlled Jerusalem by means ___MASK81___ an invasion through Egypt . Instead , a sequence ___MASK81___ events culminated in the Crusaders sacking the city ___MASK81___ ___MASK95___ , the capital ___MASK81___ the Christian - controlled Byzantine Empire . The Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon was a composite monarchy , also nowadays referred to as a confederation ___MASK81___ individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king , with a personal and dynastic union ___MASK81___ the Kingdom ___MASK81___ Aragon and the County ___MASK81___ Barcelona . At the height ___MASK81___ its power in the 14th and 15th centuries , the Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon was a thalassocracy ( a state with primarily maritime realms ) controlling a large portion ___MASK81___ present - day eastern Spain , parts ___MASK81___ what is now southern France , and a Mediterranean " empire " which included the Balearic Islands , Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta , Southern Italy ( from 1442 ) and parts ___MASK81___ Greece ( until 1388 ). The component realms ___MASK81___ the Crown were not united politically except at the level ___MASK81___ the king , who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws , raising funds under each tax structure , dealing separately with each " Corts " or " Cortes ". Put in contemporary terms , it has sometimes been considered that the different lands ___MASK81___ the Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon ( mainly the Kingdom ___MASK81___ Aragon , the Principality ___MASK81___ Catalonia and the Kingdom ___MASK81___ ___MASK13___ ) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom . In this sense , the larger Crown ___MASK81___ Aragon must not be confused with one ___MASK81___ its constituent parts , the Kingdom ___MASK81___ Aragon , from which it takes its name . A prince consort is the husband ___MASK81___ a queen regnant who is not himself a king in his own right . The Nueva Planta decrees were a number ___MASK81___ decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V  the first Bourbon King ___MASK81___ Spain  during and shortly after the end ___MASK81___ the War ___MASK81___ the Spanish Succession by the Treaty ___MASK81___ Utrecht . James I the Conqueror ( Catalan : " Jaume el Conqueridor ", Aragonese : " Chaime lo Conqueridor ", Occitan : " Jacme lo Conquistaire ", Spanish : " Jaime el Conquistador "; 2 February 1208  27 July 1276 ) was ___MASK16___ ___MASK81___ Aragon , Count ___MASK81___ Barcelona , and Lord ___MASK81___ ___MASK76___ from 1213 to 1276 ; ___MASK16___ ___MASK81___ Majorca from 1231 to 1276 ; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276 . His long reign - the longest ___MASK81___ any Iberian monarch - saw the expansion ___MASK81___ the House ___MASK81___ Aragon in three directions : Languedoc to the north , the Balearic Islands to the south , and Valencia to the southwest . By a treaty with Louis IX ___MASK81___ France , he wrested the county ___MASK81___ Barcelona from nominal French suzerainty and integrated it into his crown . His part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that ___MASK81___ his contemporary Ferdinand III ___MASK81___ Castile in Andalusia .