parent_taxon bystropogon
Marjoram (" ___MASK2___ majorana ", syn . " Majorana hortensis " Moench , " Majorana majorana " ( L .) H . Karst ) is a somewhat cold - sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors . In some Middle Eastern countries , marjoram is synonymous with oregano , and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus " ___MASK2___ ". It is also called pot marjoram , although this name is also used for other cultivated species of " ___MASK2___ ". ___MASK20___ affinis , commonly called crosne , Chinese artichoke , Japanese artichoke , knotroot , and artichoke betony , is a perennial herbaceous ___MASK72___ of the family ___MASK65___ , originating from China . Its rhizome can be grown and eaten as a root vegetable . ___MASK87___ , with some 350 species , is a genus of warm - climate plants occurring largely in the southern hemisphere , in sub - Saharan Africa , Madagascar , India and the Indonesian archipelago down to Australia and some Pacific Islands . They are closely related to " ___MASK97___ " and are known as the spurflowers . Several species are grown as ornamental plants , as leaf vegetables , as root vegetables for their edible tubers , or as medicine . The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total ___MASK46___ of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface ___MASK46___ . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". ___MASK95___ is of the mint family , ___MASK65___ . Though known to several cultures by different names , the disparate varieties are now classified under the single species " ___MASK95___ frutescens ". The plant overall resembles the stinging nettle , though the leaves are somewhat rounder . ___MASK87___ rotundifolius or ___MASK97___ rotundifolius , commonly known as " native " or " country potato " in Africa and called " Chinese potato " in India is a perennial herbaceous ___MASK72___ of the mint family ( ___MASK65___ ) native to tropical Africa . It is cultivated for its edible tubers primarily in West Africa , as well as more recently in parts of Asia , especially India , Sri Lanka , Malaysia , and Indonesia . An ocean ( the sea of classical antiquity ) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet ' s hydrosphere . On Earth , an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean , which covers almost 71 % of its surface . These are , in descending order by ___MASK46___ , the Pacific , Atlantic , Indian , Southern ( Antarctic ), and Arctic Oceans . The word " sea " is often used interchangeably with " ocean " in American English but , strictly speaking , a sea is a body of saline water ( generally a division of the world ocean ) partly or fully enclosed by land . Oregano ( or , scientific name " ___MASK2___ vulgare ", is a flowering plant in the mint family ( ___MASK65___ ). It is native to temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region . Teak ( ___MASK89___ grandis ) is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering ___MASK72___ family ___MASK65___ . " ___MASK89___ grandis " is a large , deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests . It has small , fragrant white flowers and large papery leaves that are often hairy on the lower surface . It is sometimes known as the " Burmese teak ". Teak wood has a leather - like smell when it is freshly milled . It is particularly valued for its durability and water resistance , and is used for boat building , exterior construction , veneer , furniture , carving , turnings , and other small wood projects . " ___MASK89___ grandis " is native to south and southeast Asia , mainly India , Sri Lanka , Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Myanmar and Bangladesh but is naturalised and cultivated in many countries in Africa and the Caribbean . Myanmar ' s teak forests account for nearly half of the world ' s naturally occurring teak . Molecular studies show that there are two centres of genetic origin of teak ; one in India and the other in Myanmar and Laos . " CP teak " (" Central Province " teak ) is a description of teak from the central states of India . " Nagpur teak " is another regional Indian teak . It produces small , white flowers arranged in dense clusters ( panicles ) at the end of the branches . Flowers contain both types of reproductive organs ( perfect flowers ) ___MASK66___ hispanica , commonly known as chia , is a species of flowering ___MASK72___ in the mint family , ___MASK65___ , native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala . The sixteenth - century " Codex Mendoza " provides evidence that it was cultivated by the Aztec in pre - Columbian times and economic historians say it may have been as important as maize as a food crop . It was given as an annual tribute by the people to the rulers in 21 of the 38 Aztec provincial states . In botany , a tree is a perennial ___MASK72___ with an elongated stem , or trunk , supporting branches and leaves in most species . In some usages , the definition of a tree may be narrower , including only woody plants with secondary growth , plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height . Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of ___MASK72___ species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight . In looser senses , the taller palms , the tree ___MASK100___ , bananas and bamboos are also trees . Trees tend to be long - lived , some reaching several thousand years old . The tallest known tree , a coast redwood named Hyperion , stands high . Trees have been in existence for 370 million years . It is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world . Bystropogon is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the ___MASK65___ . It is native to the Canary Islands and Madeira in the western Atlantic Ocean . Allied to the Origanum and Thymus , the genus is characterized by tiny flowers in much - branched clusters , with plume - like sepals that elongate at the fruiting stage , giving the whole tip of each branch a fuzzy appearance . Stems are square in cross - section and leaves , arranged in opposite pairs , are aromatic when crushed . Cultivation The plant prefers mild and dry climates . Grow in very well - drained soil in sunny position . Propagate from seed or cuttings . The mediastinum ( from Medieval Latin " mediastinus ", " midway ") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue , as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the ___MASK96___ . The mediastinum contains the heart and its vessels , the esophagus , ___MASK33___ , phrenic and cardiac nerves , the thoracic duct , thymus and lymph nodes of the central chest . ___MASK87___ edulis , the Ethiopian potato , known as " Welayta dinich " in Amharic , is a species of annual ___MASK72___ in the ___MASK65___ family . It is indigenous to Ethiopia , where it is grown for its edible tubers . The tubers are cooked before they are eaten . ___MASK87___ esculentus , with English common names kaffir potato , and Livingstone potato , is a species of ___MASK72___ in the dicot family ___MASK65___ . It is indigenous to Africa , where it is grown for its edible tubers . It is more difficult to cultivate than " ___MASK87___ rotundifolius ", but able to give greater yields . Although the crop is similar to a potato it is from the mint family but it is still quite nutritious and useful . This crop can benefit many subsistence farmers since it is native , easy to grow , growing popularity in the market and quite nutritious . The flowering plants ( ___MASK45___ ), also known as Angiospermae or ___MASK60___ , are the most diverse group of land plants , with 416 families , approx . 13 , 164 known genera and a total of c . 295 , 383 known species . Like gymnosperms , ___MASK45___ are seed - producing plants ; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers , endosperm within the seeds , and the production of fruits that contain the seeds . Etymologically , angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure , in other words , a fruiting plant . The term " angiosperm " comes from the Greek composite word (" angeion ", " case " or " casing ", and " sperma ", " seed ") meaning " enclosed seeds ", after the enclosed condition of the seeds . Thyme is an evergreen herb with culinary , medicinal , and ornamental uses . The most common variety is " ___MASK57___ vulgaris ". Thyme is of the genus " ___MASK57___ " of the mint family ( ___MASK65___ ), and a relative of the oregano genus " Origanum ". Asia is Earth ' s largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe . Asia covers an ___MASK46___ of , about 30 % of Earth ' s total land ___MASK46___ and 8 . 7 % of the Earth ' s total surface ___MASK46___ . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4 . 4 billion people . ___MASK46___ is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two - dimensional figure or shape , or planar lamina , in the plane . Surface ___MASK46___ is its analog on the two - dimensional surface of a three - dimensional object . ___MASK46___ can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape , or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat . It is the two - dimensional analog of the length of a curve ( a one - dimensional concept ) or the volume of a solid ( a three - dimensional concept ). A flower , sometimes known as a bloom or blossom , is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral ( plants of the division ___MASK60___ , also called angiosperms ). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction , usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs . Flowers may facilitate outcrossing ( fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population ) or allow selfing ( fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower ). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization ( parthenocarpy ). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop . Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals , so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen . After fertilization , the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds . Thymocytes are hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the ___MASK57___ . Thymopoiesis is the process in the ___MASK57___ by which thymocytes differentiate into mature T lymphocytes . The primary function of thymocytes is the generation of T lymphocytes ( T cells ). The ___MASK57___ provides an inductive environment , which allows for the development and selection of physiologically useful T cells . The processes of beta - selection , positive selection , and negative selection shape the population of thymocytes into a peripheral pool of T cells that are able to respond to foreign pathogens and are immunologically tolerant towards self antigens . ___MASK20___ is one of the largest genera in the flowering ___MASK72___ family ___MASK65___ . Estimates of the number of species in the genus vary from about 300 , to about 450 . The type species for the genus is " ___MASK20___ sylvatica ". " ___MASK20___ " is in the subfamily Lamioideae . Generic limits and relationships in this subfamily are poorly known . The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , are an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located on the Atlantic Ocean , west of Morocco . The Canaries are among the outermost regions ( OMR ) of the European Union proper . It is also one of the eight regions with special consideration of historical nationality recognized as such by the Spanish Government . A subshrub ( Latin " suffrutex ") or dwarf shrub is a short woody ___MASK72___ . Prostrate shrub is a related term . " Subshrub " is often used interchangeably with " bush ". The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an ___MASK46___ of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen ___MASK46___ , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . A T cell , or T lymphocyte , is a type of lymphocyte ( a subtype of white blood cell ) that plays a central role in cell - mediated immunity . T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes , such as B cells and natural killer cells , by the presence of a T - cell receptor on the cell surface . They are called " T cells " because they mature in the ___MASK57___ from thymocytes ( although some also mature in the tonsils ). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function . The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha and beta chains on the cell receptor and are termed alpha beta T cells (  T cells ) and are part of the adaptive immune system . Specialized gamma ___MASK38___ T cells , ( a small minority of T cells in the human body , more frequent in ruminants ), have invariant T cell receptors with limited diversity , that can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system . A vine ( Latin " vnea " " grapevine ", " vineyard ", from " vnum " " wine ") in the narrowest sense is the grapevine (" ___MASK5___ "), but more generally it can refer to any plant with a growth habit of trailing or ( that is , climbing ) stems or runners . The word also can refer to such stems or runners themselves , for instance when used in wicker work . A shrub or bush is a small to medium - sized woody ___MASK72___ . It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height , usually under 6 m ( 20 ft ) tall . Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees , depending on their growing conditions . Small , low shrubs , generally less than 2 m ( 6 . 6 ft ) tall , such as lavender , periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses , are often termed subshrubs . The ___MASK57___ is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system . Within the ___MASK57___ , T cells or T lymphocytes mature . T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system , where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders . The ___MASK57___ is composed of two identical lobes and is located anatomically in the anterior superior mediastinum , in front of the heart and behind the sternum . Histologically , each lobe of the ___MASK57___ can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule . The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T - cells . Cells in the ___MASK57___ can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin ( derived from bone marrow resident hematopoietic stem cells ). Developing T - cells are referred to as thymocytes and are of hematopoietic origin . Stromal cells include epithelial cells of the thymic cortex and medulla , and dendritic cells . ___MASK65___ ( or ) or Labiatae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle family . Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs , such as basil , mint , rosemary , sage , savory , marjoram , oregano , hyssop , thyme , lavender , and perilla . Some species are shrubs , trees ( such as teak ), or , rarely , vines . Many members of the family are widely cultivated , not only for their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation , since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings . Besides those grown for their edible leaves , some are grown for decorative foliage , such as " Coleus ". Others are grown for seed , such as " Salvia hispanica " ( chia ), or for their edible tubers , such as " Plectranthus edulis ", " Plectranthus esculentus ", " Plectranthus rotundifolius ", and " Stachys affinis " ( Chinese artichoke ). ___MASK66___ is the largest genus of plants in the mint family , ___MASK65___ , with nearly 1000 species of shrubs , herbaceous perennials , and annuals . Within the ___MASK65___ , " ___MASK66___ " is part of the tribe ___MASK37___ within the subfamily Nepetoideae . It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage . Origanumis a genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs in the family ___MASK65___ , native to Europe , North Africa , and much of temperate Asia , where they are found in open or mountainous habitats . A few species also naturalized in scattered locations in North America and other regions . In general use , herbs are any plants used for food , flavoring , medicine , or fragrances for their savory or aromatic properties . Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs from spices . " Herbs " refer to the leafy green or flowering parts of a ___MASK72___ ( either fresh or dried ), while " spices " are produced from other parts of the ___MASK72___ ( usually dried ), including seeds , berries , bark , roots and fruits .