place_of_death ivan vyhovsky
The ___MASK54___ or ( also known as : " Dnepr ", " Dnyapro " or " Dnipro ") is one of the major rivers of Europe ( fourth by length ), rising near Smolensk , ___MASK89___ and flowing through ___MASK89___ , Belarus and Ukraine to the Black ___MASK28___ . It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth longest river in Europe . The total length ranges between and with a drainage basin of . The river is noted for its dams and hydroelectric stations . The Dnieper is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected via the Dnieper  Bug Canal to other waterways in Europe . Zaporozhian Host or Zaporizhian Host is a term used to describe any of a series of forces inhabiting or originating from Zaporizhia , the territory beyond the rapids of the ___MASK54___ in what is Central Ukraine today , from the 15th to the 18th centuries . The Crown of the Kingdom of ___MASK17___ ( Latin : " Corona Regni Poloniae "), or simply the Crown , is the common name for the historic ( but unconsolidated ) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of ___MASK17___ , including ___MASK17___ proper . The Tsardom of ___MASK89___ (" Russkoye tsarstvo " or , Rossisyskoye tsarstvo ), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy , was the name of the centralized Russian state from assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the ___MASK94___ by Peter the Great in 1721 . Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks as a military title was not officially recognized internationally until the creation of the Cossack Hetmanate . With the creation of Registered Cossacks units their leaders were officially referred to as hetmans of His Royal Mercy of Zaporishian Host . Before 1648 and the establishment of Cossack Hetmanate there were numerous regional hetmans across the Dnieper - banks , who usually were starostas or voivodes . Cossacks (,) are a group of predominantly East Slavic - speaking people who became known as members of democratic , self - governing , semi - military communities , predominantly located in ___MASK45___ and in ___MASK89___ . They inhabited sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper , Don , Terek , and Ural river basins and played an important role in the historical and cultural development of both ___MASK89___ and ___MASK45___ . ___MASK89___ ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the Russian Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , ___MASK89___ is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European ___MASK89___ . ___MASK89___ ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and ___MASK23___ . Ruthenian ( or Old Belarusian , Old Ukrainian , see other names ) was the group of varieties of Eastern Slavonic spoken in the Grand Duchy of ___MASK2___ and later in the East Slavic territories of the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth . The written form is also called Chancery Slavonic by Lithuanian linguists . ___MASK45___ ( tr . ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe , bordered by ___MASK89___ to the east and northeast , Belarus to the northwest , Poland and ___MASK100___ to the west , Hungary , Romania , and Moldova to the southwest , and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast , respectively . ___MASK45___ is currently in territorial dispute with ___MASK89___ over the Crimean Peninsula which ___MASK89___ annexed in 2014 but which ___MASK45___ and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian . Including Crimea , ___MASK45___ has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . It has a population of about 44 . 5 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . The Khmelnytsky Uprising (; also known as the Cossack - Polish War , Chmielnicki Uprising , or the Khmelnytsky insurrection ) was a Cossack rebellion within the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648  1657 , which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukrainian lands . Under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky , the ___MASK91___ , allied with the Crimean Tatars and local peasantry , fought against the armies and paramilitary forces of the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth . The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against the civilian population , especially against the Roman Catholic clergy and the Jews . The Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , formally the Kingdom of ___MASK17___ and the Grand Duchy of ___MASK2___ , after 1791 the Commonwealth of ___MASK17___ , was a dualistic state , a bi - confederation , of ___MASK17___ and ___MASK2___ ruled by a common monarch , who was both the King of ___MASK17___ and the Grand Duke of ___MASK2___ . It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th - and 17th - century Europe . At its peak in the early 17th century , the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi - ethnic population of 11 million . The union was formalized by the Union of ___MASK70___ in July 1569 , but the Crown of the Kingdom of ___MASK17___ and the Grand Duchy of ___MASK2___ were in a de - facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and ___MASK2___ ' s Grand Duke Jogaila , who was crowned King " jure uxoris " Wadysaw II Jagieo of ___MASK17___ . The First Partition of ___MASK17___ in 1772 and the Second Partition of ___MASK17___ in 1793 greatly reduced the nation ' s size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of ___MASK17___ in 1795 . Zynoviy Bohdan Khmelnytsky ( Ruthenian language :   ii ; modern ; " Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky " 6 ___MASK76___ 1657 ), was the Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth ( now part of Ukraine ). He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates ( 1648  1654 ) which resulted in the creation of a state led by the Cossacks of Ukraine . In 1654 , he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Tsardom of ___MASK89___ . The Khmelnytsky Uprising led to the deaths of an estimated 18 , 000 - 100 , 000 Jews . Hetman is a political title from ___MASK62___ and Eastern Europe , historically assigned to military commanders . The Cossack Hetmanate , officially known as the Rus State or Zaporizhian Host (   , " Viys  k Zaporoz  k "), was a Ukrainian Cossack state in ___MASK62___ ___MASK45___ between 1649 and 1764 ( some sources claim until 1782 ). For other names , please , see section " Name ". Ivan Vyhovsky ( Ukrainian :   , Polish : Iwan Wyhowski / Jan Wyhowski ) ( date of birth unknown , died 1664 ) was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years ( 1657 -- 59 ) of the Russo - Polish War ( 1654 -- 1667 ) . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky ( see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks ) . His time as hetman was characterized by his generally pro - Polish policies , which led to his defeat by pro - Russian faction among the Cossacks . ___MASK17___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK17___ , is a country in Central Europe , situated between the Baltic ___MASK28___ in the north and two mountain ranges ( the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains ) in the south . Bordered by Germany to the west ; the Czech Republic and ___MASK100___ to the south ; Ukraine and Belarus to the east ; and the Baltic ___MASK28___ , Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) and Lithuania to the north . The total area of ___MASK17___ is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe . With a population of over 38 . 5 million people , ___MASK17___ is the 34th most populous country in the world , the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union . ___MASK17___ is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , and its capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other metropolises include Kraków , Wrocaw , Pozna , Gdask and Szczecin . ___MASK2___ ( UK and US : ), officially the Republic of ___MASK2___ , is a country in Northern Europe . One of the three Baltic states , it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea , to the east of Sweden and Denmark . It is bordered by Latvia to the north , Belarus to the east and south , Poland to the south , and Kaliningrad Oblast ( a Russian exclave ) to the southwest . ___MASK2___ has an estimated population of 2 . 9 million people , and its capital and largest city is ___MASK81___ . Lithuanians are a Baltic people . The official language , Lithuanian , along with Latvian , is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo - European language family . The title of starost or starosta ( Cyrillic : "  /  ", Latin : " capitaneus ") designates an official or unofficial leader , used in various contexts through ___MASK3___ of Slavic history . One can translate it as " senior " or " elder ". The word comes from the Slavic root " star -", " old ". In ___MASK17___ , a starosta would administer a territory called a " starostwo ".