subclass_of cmos
San Jose ( ___MASK92___ for " Saint Joseph "), originally Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe and officially the ___MASK98___ of San José , is the third - largest ___MASK98___ by ___MASK56___ in California , the tenth - largest by ___MASK56___ in the United States , and the county seat of Santa Clara County . San Jose is the largest ___MASK98___ in the ___MASK43___ Area and the largest ___MASK98___ in Northern California . Fairchild Semiconductor International , Inc . is an American semiconductor ___MASK87___ based in San Jose , California . Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument , it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits . Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987 ; Fairchild was spun off as an independent ___MASK87___ again in 1997 . An ___MASK59___ or monolithic ___MASK59___ ( also referred to as an IC , a chip , or a microchip ) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece ( or " chip ") of semiconductor ___MASK99___ , normally ___MASK33___ . The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip resulted in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller , cheaper , and faster than those constructed of discrete electronic components . The IC ' s mass production capability , reliability and ___MASK29___ - block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid ___MASK2___ of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors . ICs are now used in virtually all electronic equipment and have revolutionized the world of ___MASK41___ . Computers , mobile phones , and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies , made possible by the small size and low cost of ICs . National Semiconductor was an American semiconductor manufacturer which specialized in analog devices and subsystems , formerly with headquarters in Santa Clara , California , United States . The ___MASK87___ produced power management integrated circuits , display drivers , audio and operational amplifiers , communication ___MASK97___ products and data conversion solutions . National ' s key markets included wireless handsets , displays and a variety of broad electronics markets , including medical , automotive , industrial and test and measurement applications . A ___MASK95___ is a ___MASK24___ used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power . It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit . A voltage or current applied to one pair of the ___MASK95___ ' s terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals . Because the controlled ( output ) power can be higher than the controlling ( input ) power , a ___MASK95___ can amplify a signal . Today , some transistors are packaged individually , but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits . Dr . Frank Marion Wanlass ( May 17 , 1933 in Thatcher , AZ  September 9 , 2010 in Santa Clara ), CA , was an American electrical ___MASK74___ . He obtained his PhD from the University of Utah . He invented CMOS logic circuits in 1963 while working at Fairchild Semiconductor . He was given for " Low Stand - By Power Complementary ___MASK38___ Effect Circuitry " in 1967 . Semiconductors are crystalline or amorphous solids with distinct electrical characteristics . They are of high ___MASK18___  higher than typical resistance materials , but still of much lower resistance than insulators . Their resistance decreases as their temperature increases , which is ___MASK47___ opposite to that of a metal . Finally , their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by the deliberate , controlled introduction of impurities (" doping ") into the crystal structure , which lowers its resistance but also permits the creation of semiconductor junctions between differently - doped regions of the extrinsic semiconductor crystal . The ___MASK47___ of charge carriers which include electrons , ions and electron holes at these junctions is the basis of diodes , transistors and all modern electronics . Complementary ___MASK69___ -- ___MASK23___ -- semiconductor ( CMOS ) / sims / is a technology for ___MASK100___ integrated circuits . CMOS technology is used in microprocessors , microcontrollers , static RAM , and other digital logic circuits . CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors ( CMOS sensor ) , data converters , and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication . In 1963 , while working for Fairchild Semiconductor , Frank Wanlass patented CMOS ( US patent 3 , 356 , 858 ) . CMOS is also sometimes referred to as complementary - symmetry ___MASK69___ -- ___MASK23___ -- semiconductor ( or COS - MOS ) . The words `` complementary - symmetry '' refer to the fact that the typical design style with CMOS uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p - type and n - type ___MASK69___ ___MASK23___ semiconductor ___MASK38___ effect transistors ( MOSFETs ) for logic functions . Two important characteristics of CMOS devices are high noise immunity and low static power consumption . Since one transistor of the pair is always off , the series combination draws significant power only momentarily during switching between on and off states . Consequently , CMOS devices do not produce as much waste heat as other forms of logic , for example transistor -- transistor logic ( TTL ) or NMOS logic , which normally have some standing current even when not changing state . CMOS also allows a high density of logic functions on a chip . It was primarily for this reason that CMOS became the most used technology to be implemented in VLSI chips . The phrase `` ___MASK69___ -- ___MASK23___ -- semiconductor '' is a reference to the physical structure of certain ___MASK38___ - effect transistors , having a ___MASK69___ gate electrode placed on top of an ___MASK23___ insulator , which in turn is on top of a semiconductor material . Aluminium was once used but now the material is polysilicon . Other ___MASK69___ gates have made a comeback with the advent of high - k dielectric materials in the CMOS process , as announced by IBM and Intel for the 45 nanometer node and beyond . Fairchild ___MASK21___ and Instrument ___MASK25___ was a ___MASK87___ founded by Sherman Fairchild . It was based on the East Coast of the United States , and provided research and development for flash photography equipment . The technology was primarily used for DOD ___MASK68___ satellites . The firm was known for its manufacture of semiconductors . Schlumberger Limited is the ___MASK88___ ' s largest oilfield services ___MASK87___ . Schlumberger employs approximately 100 , 000 people representing more than 140 nationalities working in more than 85 countries . Schlumberger has four principal executive offices located in Paris , Houston , London , and the Hague .