occupation tony lewis 
Manchester is a ___MASK78___ city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester , England , with a population of 514 , 414 . It lies within the ___MASK98___ ' s second - most populous urban area , with a population of 2 . 55 million . Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south , the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation . The local authority is Manchester City Council . The Duckworth  Lewis ( D / L ) method is a mathematical formulation designed to calculate the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs cricket match interrupted by weather or other circumstances . It is generally accepted to be the most accurate method of setting a target score . The D / L method was devised by two English statisticians , Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis . After their retirements ___MASK56___ Steven Stern became the custodian of the method . In November 2014 , it was renamed the Duckworth  Lewis  Stern method ( or D / L / S method ). The University of Liverpool is a public university based in the city of Liverpool , England . A ___MASK32___ of the elite Russell Group of research - intensive universities , it was founded as a college in 1881 and gained its royal charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees and is also known to be one of the six original " red brick " civic universities . It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools . It is a founding ___MASK32___ of the Russell Group , the N8 Group for research collaboration and the University Management school is AACSB accredited . Frank Carter Duckworth MBE ( born 26 December 1939 in Lytham St Annes , Lancashire ) is a retired English ___MASK6___ , and is one of the two statisticians who developed the Duckworth  Lewis method of resetting targets in interrupted one - day cricket matches . He studied physics ( BSc Hons 1961 ) and earned a PhD ( 1965 ) in metallurgy at the University of Liverpool . Prior to his retirement , he worked as a mathematical scientist for the English nuclear power industry . He is a consultant ___MASK6___ to the International Cricket Council , and the editor of the Royal Statistical Society ' s monthly news magazine , RSS News . He also served on the editorial board of " Significance " before stepping down in 2010 . In 2004 he delivered the Royal Statistical Society Schools Lecture , entitled " Lies and Statistics ". A ___MASK6___ is someone who works with theoretical or applied statistics . The profession exists in both the private and public sectors . It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects , and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants . A ___MASK45___ is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his / her work , typically to solve mathematical problems . Anthony John Lewis MBE ( born 25 February 1942 in Bolton , Lancashire ) is a ___MASK45___ who , along with Frank Duckworth , developed the Duckworth - Lewis method of resetting targets in interrupted cricket matches . Lewis received degrees in mathematics and statistics from Sheffield University in the 1960s . In January 2008 , he retired as a lecturer in Quantitative ___MASK72___ Methods from Oxford Brookes University . He was formerly a lecturer at the University of the West of England where the Duckworth - Lewis method originated from an undergraduate final - year project . He is also a former chairman of the Western Operational ___MASK72___ Discussion Society and was a keynote speaker at the Second IMA International Conference on Mathematics in Sport in 2009 . Lewis was appointed ___MASK32___ of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2010 Birthday Honours . Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat , which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant . The term includes nuclear fission , nuclear decay and nuclear fusion . Presently , the nuclear fission of elements in the actinide series of the periodic table produce the vast majority of nuclear energy in the direct service of humankind , with nuclear decay processes , primarily in the form of geothermal energy , and radioisotope thermoelectric generators , in niche uses making up the rest . Owing , fundamentally , to the delayed critical fission process , Fission - electric power stations are one of the leading low ___MASK20___ power generation methods of producing electricity , and in terms of total life - cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy generated , has emission values lower than " renewable energy " when the latter is taken as a single energy source . Since all electricity supplying technologies use cement , etc ., during ___MASK80___ , emissions are yet to be brought to zero . A 2014 analysis of the ___MASK20___ footprint literature by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) reported that the embodied total life - cycle emission intensity of fission electricity has a median value of 12 g eq / kWh which is the lowest out of all ___MASK16___ baseload energy sources , and second lowest out of all ___MASK16___ electricity technologies known , after wind power which is an Intermittent energy source with embodied greenhouse gas emissions , per unit of energy generated of 11 g eq / kWh . Each result is contrasted with coal & fossil gas at 820 and 490 g eq / kWh . With this translating into , from the beginning of Fission - electric power station commercialization in the 1970s , having prevented the emission of about 64 billion tonnes of ___MASK20___ dioxide equivalent , greenhouse gases that would have otherwise resulted from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal power stations . There is a social debate about nuclear power . Proponents , such as the World Nuclear Association and Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy , contend that nuclear power is a safe , sustainable energy source that reduces ___MASK20___ emissions . Opponents , such as Greenpeace International and NIRS , contend that nuclear power poses many threats to people and the environment . Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England , with a population of 2 . 8 million . It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the ___MASK98___ and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs : Bolton , Bury , Oldham , Rochdale , Stockport , Tameside , Trafford , Wigan , and the cities of Manchester and Salford . Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972 ; and designated a City Region on 1 April 2011 . Bolton ( or locally ) is a town in Greater Manchester in North West England . A former mill town , Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area in the 14th century , introducing a wool and cotton - weaving tradition . The urbanisation and development of the town largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution . Bolton was a 19th - century boomtown , and at its zenith in 1929 its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world . The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War , and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton . North West England , one of nine ___MASK15___ regions of England , consists of the five counties of Cheshire , Cumbria , Greater Manchester , Lancashire and Merseyside . The North West had a population of 7 , 052 , 000 in 2011 . It is the third most populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London . Lancashire (; archaically the County Palatine of Lancaster ; abbreviated Lancs .) is a non - metropolitan ceremonial county in north west England . The county town is Lancaster although the county ' s administrative centre is Preston . The county has a population of 1 , 449 , 300 and an area of . People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians .