is_a_list_of list of compositions by wolfgang amadeus mozart
A libretto is the text used in , or intended for , an extended ___MASK5___ such as an opera , operetta , masque , oratorio , cantata or musical . The term " libretto " is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works , such as the Mass , requiem and sacred cantata , or the story line of a ballet . The viola is a bowed and plucked string instrument . It is slightly larger than a violin and has a lower and deeper sound than a violin . Since the 18th ___MASK7___ it has been the middle or alto voice of the violin family , between the violin ( which is tuned a perfect fifth above it ) and the cello ( which is tuned an octave below it ). The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C , G , D , and A . Classical ___MASK99___ is art ___MASK99___ produced or rooted in the traditions of Western ___MASK99___ , including both liturgical ( religious ) and secular ___MASK99___ . While a more accurate ___MASK39___ is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 ( the Classical period ), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day , which includes the Classical period and various other periods . The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900 , which is known as the common - practice period . The major time divisions of Western art ___MASK99___ are as follows : European art ___MASK99___ is largely distinguished from many other non - European and some popular ___MASK4___ forms by its system of staff notation , in use since about the 16th century . Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches ( e . g ., melodies , basslines , chords ), tempo , meter and rhythms for a piece of ___MASK99___ . This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and " ad libitum " ornamentation , which are frequently heard in non - European art ___MASK99___ and in popular - ___MASK99___ styles such as jazz and blues . Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song ( strophic ) form , classical ___MASK99___ has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental ___MASK99___ such as the concerto , symphony , sonata , and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which , since they are written down , can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity . ___MASK79___ ( English plural : " operas "; Italian plural : " opere " ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic ___MASK47___ combining text ( libretto ) and ___MASK4___ score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional opera , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . ___MASK79___ incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller ___MASK4___ ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family . It is the smallest and highest - pitched instrument in the family in regular use . Smaller violin - type instruments are known , including the violino piccolo and the kit violin , but these are virtually unused in the 2010s . The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths , and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings , though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers ( pizzicato ). Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of ___MASK4___ genres . They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music . They are also frequently used in genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music and in jazz . Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music ; further , the violin has come to be played in many non - Western music cultures , including Indian music and Iranian music . The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle , particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass , but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it . A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past . Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes ( like lawyers ' wigs or military officers ' spurs ), but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings . Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands of years  the ___MASK28___ " tradition " itself derives from the Latin " tradere " or " traderer " literally meaning to transmit , to hand over , to give for safekeeping . While it is commonly assumed that traditions have ___MASK55___ history , many traditions have been invented on purpose , whether that be political or cultural , over short periods of time . Various academic disciplines also use the ___MASK28___ in a variety of ways . A ___MASK88___ is an extended ___MASK12___ in Western classical music , most often written by composers for orchestra . Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era , by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today : a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements , often four , with the first movement in sonata form . Symphonies are scored for string ( violin , viola , cello and double bass ), brass , woodwind , and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30  100 musicians . Symphonies are notated in a musical score , which contains all the instrument parts . Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their instrument . A small number of symphonies also contain vocal parts ( e . g ., Beethoven ' s Ninth Symphony ). An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical ___MASK99___ , which features string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and percussion instruments , grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances of some modern compositions , electronic instruments . Sonata form ( also " sonata - allegro form " or " first movement form ") is a ___MASK4___ structure consisting of three main sections : an exposition , a development , and a recapitulation . It has been used widely since the middle of the 18th century ( the early Classical period ). Accompaniment is the ___MASK4___ parts which provide the rhythmic and / or harmonic support for the melody or main themes of a song or instrumental piece . There are many different styles and types of accompaniment in different genres and styles of music . In homophonic music , the main accompaniment approach used in popular music , a clear vocal melody is supported by subordinate chords . In popular music and traditional music , the accompaniment parts typically provide the " beat " for the music and outline the chord progression of the song or instrumental piece . The accompaniment for a vocal melody or instrumental solo can be played by a single musician playing an instrument such as piano , pipe organ , or guitar . While any instrument can in theory be used as an accompaniment instrument , keyboard and guitar - family instruments tend to be used if there is only a single instrument , as these instruments can play chords and basslines simultaneously ( chords and a bassline are easier to play simultaneously on keyboard instruments , but a fingerpicking guitarist can play chords and a bassline simultaneously on guitar ). A solo singer can accompany herself by playing guitar or piano while she sings , and in some rare cases , a solo singer can even accompany himself or herself just using his or her voice and body ( e . g ., Bobby McFerrin ). The piano is an acoustic , stringed ___MASK4___ instrument , in which the strings are struck by hammers . It is played using a keyboard , which is a row of keys ( small levers ) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings . Invented in about 1700 ( the exact year is uncertain ), the piano is widely employed in classical , jazz , traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances , accompaniment , and for composing , songwriting and rehearsals . Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive ( in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments , such as the acoustic guitar ), its ___MASK4___ versatility ( i . e ., its wide pitch range , ability to play chords with up to 10 notes , louder or softer notes and two or more independent ___MASK4___ lines at the same time ), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it , and its wide availability in performance venues , schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world ' s most familiar ___MASK4___ instruments . A ___MASK81___ ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a person who creates or writes music , which can be vocal music ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental music ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or music which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., opera or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written ___MASK4___ notation ( e . g ., sheet music scores ). Chamber ___MASK99___ is a form of classical ___MASK99___ that is composed for a small group of instruments  traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room . Most broadly , it includes any art ___MASK99___ that is performed by a small number of performers , with one performer to a part ( in contrast to orchestral ___MASK99___ , in which each string part is played by a number of performers ). However , by convention , it usually does not include solo instrument performances . In ___MASK99___ , a serenade ( or sometimes serenata , from the Italian ___MASK28___ ) is a ___MASK12___ , and / or performance , in someone ' s honor . Serenades are typically calm , light ___MASK99___ . Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance . The ___MASK39___ comes from a Greek ___MASK28___ meaning " action " ( Classical Greek : , " drama "), which is derived from " to do " ( Classical Greek : , " drao "). The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy . They are symbols of the ___MASK55___ Greek Muses , Thalia , and Melpomene . Thalia was the Muse of comedy ( the laughing face ), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy ( the weeping face ). Considered as a genre of poetry in general , the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle ' s " Poetics " ( c . 335 BCE ) the earliest work of dramatic theory . An ___MASK53___ ( plural : " arie " , or " arias " in common usage , diminutive form arietta or ariette ) in music was originally any expressive melody , usually , but not always , performed by a singer . The term became used almost exclusively to describe a self - contained piece for one voice , with or without orchestral accompaniment , normally part of a larger work . The typical context for arias is opera , but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas , sharing features of the operatic arias of their periods . The cello (; plural cellos or celli ) or violoncello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths . The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C , G , D and A , an octave lower than the viola . It is a member of the violin family of ___MASK4___ instruments , which also includes the violin and viola . A piano ___MASK11___ is a type of ___MASK11___ , a solo composition in the Classical music genre which is composed for a piano player , which is typically accompanied by an orchestra or other large ensemble . Piano concertos are typically virtuoso showpieces which require an advanced level of technique on the instrument , including melodic lines interspersed with rapid scales , arpeggios , chords , complex contrapuntal parts and other challenging material . When piano concertos are performed by a professional concert pianist , a large grand piano is almost always used , as the grand piano has a fuller tone and more projection than an upright piano . Piano concertos are typically written out in music notation , including sheet music for the pianist ( which they typically memorize so that they can play the concert without sheet music ), orchestra parts for the orchestra members , and a full score for the conductor , who leads the orchestra in the accompaniment of the soloist . Divertimento ( from the Italian "" " to amuse ") is a ___MASK4___ genre , with most of its examples from the 18th century . The mood of the "" is most often lighthearted ( as a result of being played at social functions ) and it is generally composed for a small ensemble . The term is used to describe a wide variety of secular ( non - religious ) instrumental works for soloist or chamber ensemble . It is usually a kind of music entertainment , although it could also be applied to a more serious genre . After 1780 , the term generally designated works that were informal or light . Genre . As a separate genre , it appears to have no specific form , although most of the " divertimenti " of the second half of the 18th century go either back to a dance suite approach ( derived from the ' ballet ' type of theatrical " divertimento "), or take the form of other chamber music genres of their century ( as a continuation of the merely instrumental theatrical " divertimento "). There are many other terms which describe music similar to the " divertimento ", including " serenade ", " cassation ", " notturno ", " Nachtmusik "; after about 1780 , the " divertimento " was the term most commonly applied to this light , " after - dinner " and often outdoor music . " Divertimenti " have from one to nine movements , and there is at least one example with thirteen . The earliest publication to use the name "" divertimento "" is by Carlo Grossi in 1681 in Venice (" Il divertimento de ' grandi : musiche da camera , ò per servizio di tavola ") and the hint that the " divertimento " is to accompany " table service " applies to later ages as well , since this light music was often used to accompany banquets and other social events . Examples . Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is known for having composed different types of " divertimenti ", sometimes even taking the form of a small symphony ( or , more exactly : sinfonia ), for example , the " Salzburg Symphonies " K . 136 , K . 137 and K . 138 . Even more unusual is his six movement string trio , the Divertimento in E - flat , K . 563 , which is a serious work belonging with his string quartets and quintets , despite it being labeled a " divertimento ". Other composers of " divertimenti " include Leopold Mozart , Carl Stamitz , Haydn and Boccherini . Recitative ( also known by its Italian ___MASK89___ " recitativo ") is a style of delivery ( much used in operas , oratorios , and cantatas ) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary ___MASK56___ . Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do . It resembles sung ordinary ___MASK56___ more than a formal ___MASK12___ . A ___MASK34___ ( or instrumentalist ) is a person who plays a ___MASK4___ instrument or is musically talented . Anyone who composes , conducts , or performs music may also be referred to as a ___MASK34___ . Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of ___MASK43___ movement . This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value , and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture . Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography , by its repertoire of movements , or by its historical period or place of origin . The double bass or simply the bass ( and numerous other names ) is the largest and lowest - pitched bowed string instrument in the modern ___MASK88___ orchestra . It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff . The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths ( like a viol ), rather than fifths , with strings usually tuned to E , A , D and G . The instrument ' s exact lineage is still a matter of some debate , with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family . Art ___MASK99___ ( also known as Western classical ___MASK99___ , cultivated ___MASK99___ , serious ___MASK99___ , canonic ___MASK99___ , or more flippantly , " real ___MASK99___ " and " normal ___MASK99___ ") is an umbrella ___MASK39___ that refers to ___MASK4___ traditions , implying advanced structural and theoretical considerations and a written ___MASK4___ tradition . The main tradition in the Western world is usually called classical ___MASK99___ . " Serious " or " cultivated " ___MASK99___ are terms frequently used as a contrast for ordinary , everyday ___MASK99___ ( popular and folk ___MASK99___ , also called " vernacular ___MASK99___ "). After the 20th century , art ___MASK99___ was divided into two extensions : " serious ___MASK99___ " and " light ___MASK99___ ". Theatre or ___MASK14___ is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers , typically actors or actresses , to present the experience of a real or imagined ___MASK95___ before a live audience in a specific place , often a stage . The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture , ___MASK56___ , ___MASK65___ , music , and dance . Elements of art , such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality , presence and immediacy of the experience . The specific place of the performance is also named by the word " theatre " as derived from the ___MASK55___ Greek  ( théatron , " a place for viewing "), itself from  ( theáomai , " to see ", " to watch ", " to observe "). A string quintet is a ___MASK12___ for five string players . As an extension to the string quartet ( two violins , a viola , and a cello ), a string quintet includes a fifth string instrument , usually a second viola ( a so - called " viola quintet ") or a second cello ( a " cello quintet "), or occasionally a double bass . ___MASK12___ can refer to an original piece of music , either a song or an instrumental music piece , the structure of a musical piece , or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music . People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music . In popular music and traditional music , the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters ; with songs , the person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist . " Composition " is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music . In many cultures , including Western classical music , the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation , such as a sheet music " score ", which is then performed by the composer or by other instrumental musicians or singers . In popular music and traditional music , songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song , called the lead sheet , which sets out the melody , lyrics and chord progression . In classical music , orchestration ( choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will play the different parts of music , such as the melody , accompaniment , countermelody , bassline and so on ) is typically done by the composer , but in musical theatre and in pop music , songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration . In some cases , a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all , and instead compose the song in her mind and then play , sing and / or record it from memory . In jazz and popular music , notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music . An ___MASK16___ is a theatre building used for opera performances that consists of a stage , an orchestra pit , audience seating , and backstage facilities for costumes and set building . While some venues are constructed specifically for operas , other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers . A ___MASK11___ ( from the , plural " concerti " or , often , the anglicised form " concertos ") is a ___MASK12___ , whose characteristics have changed over time . In the 17th century , " sacred works for voices and orchestra were typically called concertos ." J . S . Bach " was thus reflecting a long - standing tradition when he used the title ' ___MASK11___ ' for many of the works that we know as cantatas .". But in recent centuries , up to the present , a ___MASK11___ is a piece usually composed in three parts or movements , in which ( usually ) one solo instrument ( for instance , a piano , violin , cello or flute ) is accompanied by an orchestra or concert band . Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an ___MASK45___ or actress who adopts a character  in theatre , television , film , radio , or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode . A string quartet is a ___MASK4___ ensemble of four string players  two violin players , a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group . The string quartet is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music , with most major composers , from the mid to late 18th century onwards , writing string quartets . A ___MASK4___ ensemble , also known as a music group or ___MASK4___ group , is a group of people who perform instrumental and / or vocal music , with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name . Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments , such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra . Some music ensembles consist solely of singers , such as choirs and doo wop groups . In both popular music and classical music , there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform , such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo ( harpsichord and cello ) and one or more singers . In classical music , trios or quartets either blend the sounds of ___MASK4___ instrument families ( such as piano , strings , and wind instruments ) or group together instruments from the same instrument family , such as string ensembles ( e . g ., string quartet ) or wind ensembles ( e . g ., wind quintet ). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families , such as the orchestra , which uses a string section , brass instruments , woodwinds and percussion instruments , or the concert band , which uses brass , woodwinds and percussion . Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prolific ___MASK81___ and wrote in many genres . Perhaps his best - admired work is in opera , the piano concerto and sonata , the symphony , and in the string quartet and string quintet . Mozart also wrote much work for solo piano , other forms of chamber music , masses and other religious music , and numerous dances , divertimentos , and other forms of light entertainment .