place_of_death luigi salvatorelli
The National Fascist Party (" Partito Nazionale Fascista ", PNF ) was an Italian political party , created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism ( previously represented by groups known as " Fasci "). The party ruled ___MASK21___ from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on ___MASK98___ , to 1943 , when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism . ___MASK32___ is the capital city of both the region of Umbria in central Italy , crossed by the river Tiber , and of the province of ___MASK32___ . The city is located about north of ___MASK98___ and south - east of Florence . It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area . The region of Umbria is bordered by Tuscany , Lazio , and Marche . The history of ___MASK32___ goes back to the Etruscan period ; ___MASK32___ was one of the main Etruscan cities . The city is also known as the universities town , with the University of ___MASK32___ founded in 1308 ( about 34 , 000 students ), the University for Foreigners ( 5 , 000 students ), and some smaller colleges such the Academy of Fine Arts " Pietro Vannucci " public athenaeum founded in 1573 , the ___MASK32___ University Institute of Linguistic Mediation for translators and interpreters , the Music Conservatory of ___MASK32___ , founded in 1788 , and others Institutes . ___MASK94___ , officially ___MASK94___ State or the State of ___MASK94___ , is a walled enclave within the city of ___MASK98___ . With an area of approximately 44 hectares ( 110 acres ), and a population of 842 , it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population , but formally it is not sovereign , sovereignty being held by the Holy See , the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world . The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European ___MASK68___ : ___MASK83___ , Belgium , Cyprus , ___MASK28___ , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , ___MASK20___ , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European ___MASK68___ and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . Marsciano is a " comune " ( municipality ) in the Province of ___MASK32___ in the Italian region Umbria , located about 25 km south of ___MASK32___ . As of December 2010 , it had a population of 18 , 770 and an area of 161 . 6 km² . ___MASK12___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK12___ , also known as the ___MASK7___ Serene Republic of ___MASK12___ , is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy , situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains . Its size is just over , with a population of 33 , 562 . Its capital is the City of ___MASK12___ and its largest city is Dogana . ___MASK12___ has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe . ___MASK37___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK37___ ( Slovene : , abbr .: " RS "), is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , ___MASK89___ to the northeast , ___MASK22___ to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers and has a population of 2 . 06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Umbria , is a region of historic and modern ___MASK62___ Italy . It is the only Italian region having neither a coastline nor a border with other countries . It includes the Lake Trasimeno , Marmore ' s Falls , and is crossed by the River Tiber . The regional capital is ___MASK32___ . Umbria is known for its landscapes , traditions , history , culinary delights , artistic legacy , and influence on culture . ___MASK82___ ( pronounced ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern ___MASK21___ , capital of the ___MASK11___ region and was the first capital city of ___MASK21___ . The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River , in ___MASK72___ of Susa Valley and surrounded by the western Alpine arch and by the Superga Hill . The population of the city proper is 892 , 649 ( August 2015 ) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1 . 7 million inhabitants . The ___MASK82___ metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2 . 2 million . ___MASK21___ , officially the Italian Republic , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean ___MASK39___ , ___MASK21___ shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , San Marino and Vatican City . ___MASK21___ covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in ___MASK21___ as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . Italian Fascism , also known simply as Fascism , is the original fascist ideology , as developed in ___MASK21___ . The ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party , which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of ___MASK21___ from 1922 until 1943 , the Republican Fascist Party that ruled the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945 , the post - war Italian Social Movement and subsequent Italian neo - fascist movements . Democracy ("" literally " rule of the commoners "), in modern usage , is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body , such as a parliament . Democracy is sometimes referred to as " rule of the majority ". Democracy was originally conceived in Classical ___MASK52___ , where political representatives were chosen by a jury from amongst the male citizens : rich and poor . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the ___MASK13___ to the north , the ___MASK64___ to the west , and the Mediterranean ___MASK39___ to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from ___MASK44___ by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . A boot is a type of footwear and a specific type of shoe . ___MASK7___ boots mainly cover the foot and the ankle , while some also cover some part of the lower calf . Some boots extend up the leg , sometimes as far as the knee or even the hip . ___MASK7___ boots have a heel that is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the sole , even if the two are made of one piece . Traditionally made of leather or rubber , modern boots are made from a variety of materials . Boots are worn both for their functionality  protecting the foot and leg from water , extreme cold , mud or hazards ( e . g ., work boots may protect wearers from chemicals or use a steel toe ) or providing additional ankle support for strenuous activities with added traction requirements ( e . g ., hiking )  and for reasons of style and fashion . A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch ( the government ) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature ( the parliament ). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics . ___MASK7___ have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state , with the head of government holding real power , much like constitutional monarchies . Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government , much like presidential systems , but with a dependency upon parliamentary power . The ( plural : "") is a basic administrative division in ___MASK21___ , roughly equivalent to a township or municipality . The Province of ___MASK32___ is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy , comprising two - thirds of both the area and population of the region . Its capital is the city of ___MASK32___ . The province covered all of Umbria until 1927 , when the province of ___MASK56___ was carved out of its southern third . The province of ___MASK32___ has an area of 6 , 334 km² covering two - thirds of Umbria , and a total population of about 660 , 000 . There are 59 comunes in the province . The province has numerous tourist attractions , especially artistic and historical ones , and is home to the Lake Trasimeno , the largest lake of Central Italy . It historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri , while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century . Luigi Salvatorelli ( 1886 -- 1974 ) was an Italian historian and publicist , born in Marsciano , Perugina ___MASK21___ , He was a political journalist in 1919 during Benito Mussolini ' s rise to power and was associated with La Stampa in 1921 . Also member of the Action Party ( it . Partito d ' Azione , PdA ) . The Mediterranean ___MASK39___ ( pronounced ) is a ___MASK39___ connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North Africa , and on the east by the Levant . The ___MASK39___ is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean , although it is usually identified as a separate body of water . La Stampa ( meaning " the Press " in English ) is an Italian daily newspaper published in ___MASK82___ , ___MASK21___ . It is distributed in ___MASK21___ and other European nations . It is one of the oldest newspapers in ___MASK21___ . Perugina is an Italian confectionery company based in ___MASK32___ , Italy . ___MASK55___ , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of ___MASK55___ extends from the Mediterranean ___MASK39___ to the English Channel and the North ___MASK39___ , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas ___MASK55___ include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK55___ spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ( 29 July 1883  28 April 1945 ) was an Italian politician , journalist , and leader of the National Fascist Party (" Partito Nazionale Fascista "; PNF ), ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943 . He ruled constitutionally until 1925 , when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship . Known as " Il Duce " ( The Leader ), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism . A mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is the climate typical of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin . The lands around the Mediterranean ___MASK39___ form the largest area where this climate type is found , but it also is found in most of coastal California , in parts of Western and South Australia , in southwestern South Africa , sections of Central ___MASK44___ , and in central Chile . ___MASK3___ , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic in Europe . It consists of 26 cantons , and the city of ___MASK65___ is the seat of the federal authorities . The country is situated in Western - Central Europe , and is bordered by Italy to the south , ___MASK55___ to the west , ___MASK58___ to the north , and Austria and ___MASK50___ to the east . ___MASK3___ is a landlocked country geographically divided between the ___MASK30___ , the Swiss Plateau and the Jura , spanning an area of . While the ___MASK30___ occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are to be found : among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva .