located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity saint-roch
___MASK83___ , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area ___MASK88___ ___MASK83___ extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the ___MASK48___ . Overseas ___MASK83___ include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK83___ spans and had a total population ___MASK88___ almost 67 million people as ___MASK88___ January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . " Donatien " Alphonse François , Marquis de Sade ( 2 June 1740  2 December 1814 ), was a French aristocrat , revolutionary politician , philosopher , and writer , famous for his libertine sexuality . His works include novels , short stories , plays , dialogues , and political tracts ; in his lifetime some were published under his own name , while others appeared anonymously and de Sade denied being their author . De Sade is ___MASK18___ known for his erotic works , which combined philosophical discourse with pornography , depicting sexual fantasies with an emphasis on violence , criminality , and blasphemy against the Catholic Church . He was a proponent ___MASK88___ extreme freedom , unrestrained by morality , religion , or law . The words " sadism " and " sadist " are derived from his name . The ___MASK38___ is one of the 20 arrondissements ( administrative districts ) of the capital city of France . A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside ___MASK88___ either theology or science . The term " philosopher " comes from the Ancient Greek (" philosophos ") meaning " lover ___MASK88___ wisdom ". The coining ___MASK88___ the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). The ___MASK4___ Saint - Honoré is a street in the ___MASK38___ , France . Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as " the intentional use ___MASK88___ physical force or power , threatened or actual , against oneself , another person , or against a group or community , which either results in or has a high likelihood ___MASK88___ resulting in injury , death , psychological harm , maldevelopment , or deprivation ", although the group acknowledges that the inclusion ___MASK88___ " the use ___MASK88___ power " in its definition expands on the conventional understanding ___MASK88___ the word . This definition involves intentionality with the committing ___MASK88___ the act itself , irrespective ___MASK88___ the outcome it produces . However , generally , anything that is excited in an injurious or damaging way may be described as violent even if not meant to be violence ( by a person and against a person ). Globally , violence resulted in the deaths ___MASK88___ an estimated 1 . 28 million people in 2013 up from 1 . 13 million in 1990 . ___MASK88___ the deaths in 2013 , roughly 842 , 000 were attributed to self - harm ( suicide ), 405 , 000 to interpersonal violence , and 31 , 000 to collective violence ( war ) and legal intervention . In Africa , out ___MASK88___ every 100 , 000 people , each year an estimated 60 . 9 die a violent death . Corlin , past president ___MASK88___ the American Medical Association said : " The United States leads the world  in the rate at which its children die from firearms ." He concluded : " Gun violence is a threat to the public health ___MASK88___ our country ." For each single death due to violence , there are dozens ___MASK88___ hospitalizations , hundreds ___MASK88___ emergency department visits , and thousands ___MASK88___ doctors ' appointments . Furthermore , violence often has lifelong consequences for physical and mental health and social functioning and can slow economic and social development . In 2013 , assault by firearm was the leading cause ___MASK88___ death due to interpersonal violence , with 180 , 000 such deaths estimated to have occurred . The same year , assault by sharp object resulted in roughly 114 , 000 deaths , with a remaining 110 , 000 deaths from personal violence being attributed to other causes . Violence in many forms is preventable . There is a strong relationship between levels ___MASK88___ violence and modifiable factors such as concentrated poverty , income and gender inequality , the harmful use ___MASK88___ alcohol , and the absence ___MASK88___ safe , stable , and nurturing relationships between children and parents . Strategies addressing the underlying causes ___MASK88___ violence can be effective in preventing violence . Île - de - ___MASK83___ (, , " Island ___MASK88___ ___MASK83___ "), also known as the " région parisienne " (" Parisian Region "; see Etymology ), is one ___MASK88___ the 18 regions ___MASK88___ ___MASK83___ , and includes the city ___MASK88___ Paris . It covers 12012 square kilometers ( 4638 square miles ), and has its own regional council and president . It has a population ___MASK88___ 12 , 005 , 077 as ___MASK88___ January 2014 , or 18 . 2 percent ___MASK88___ the population ___MASK88___ ___MASK83___ . The Catholic Church , also known as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with more than 1 . 27 billion members worldwide . As one ___MASK88___ the oldest religious institutions in the world , it has played a prominent role in the history ___MASK88___ Western civilisation . Headed by the Bishop ___MASK88___ Rome , known as the pope , its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments . ___MASK42___ ( French : ) is the capital and most populous city ___MASK88___ France . It has an area ___MASK88___ and a population in 2013 ___MASK88___ 2 , 229 , 621 within its administrative limits . The city is both a commune and department , and forms the centre and headquarters ___MASK88___ the Île - de - France , or ___MASK42___ Region , which has an area ___MASK88___ and a population in 2014 ___MASK88___ 12 , 005 , 077 , comprising 18 . 2 percent ___MASK88___ the population ___MASK88___ France . ___MASK32___ is the largest city in ___MASK56___ , and third largest in the ___MASK10___ . Historically part ___MASK88___ Lanarkshire , it is now one ___MASK88___ the 32 council areas ___MASK88___ ___MASK56___ . It is situated on the River Clyde in the country ' s West Central Lowlands . Inhabitants ___MASK88___ the city are referred to as Glaswegians . ___MASK56___ ( Scots : ) is a country that is part ___MASK88___ the United Kingdom and covers the ___MASK66___ third ___MASK88___ the island ___MASK88___ Great Britain . It shares a border with England to the south , and is otherwise surrounded by the ___MASK48___ , with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south - west . In addition to the mainland , the country is made up ___MASK88___ more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . Blasphemy is the act ___MASK88___ insulting or showing contempt or lack ___MASK88___ reverence to a deity , to religious or holy persons or sacred things , or toward something considered sacred or inviolable . A libertine is one devoid ___MASK88___ most moral or sexual restraints , which are seen as unnecessary or undesirable , especially one who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms ___MASK88___ behaviour sanctified by the larger society . Libertinism is described as an extreme form ___MASK88___ hedonism . Libertines put value on physical pleasures , meaning those experienced through the senses . As a philosophy , libertinism gained new - found adherents in the 17th , 18th , and 19th centuries , particularly in France and Great Britain . Notable among these were John Wilmot , 2nd Earl ___MASK88___ Rochester , and the Marquis de Sade . Saint Susanna ___MASK88___ Rome , according to Christian legend , a Christian martyr whose feast day is 11 August which is the same as Saint Tiburtius . The saints were not related , but they are sometimes associated because they are venerated on the same day . for other churches dedicated to Saint Roch , see Church ___MASK88___ Saint Roch ( disambiguation ) The Church ___MASK88___ Saint - Roch ( French : Église Saint - Roch ) is a late Baroque church in Paris , dedicated to Saint Roch . Located at 284 rue Saint - Honoré , in the 1st arrondissement , it was built between 1653 and 1740 . The church is organized as a series ___MASK88___ chapels . One ___MASK88___ them is dedicated to Saint Susanna in memory ___MASK88___ the church which used to stand in its place . Accordingly , there is a mural painting above the altar , showing Saint Susanna fleeing her attackers , and looking up to the heavens for the help ___MASK88___ God . The church is also notable as a result ___MASK88___ the marriage there ___MASK88___ the Marquis de Sade on May 17 , 1763 . Saint Roch or Rocco ( lived c . 1348  15 / 16 August 1376 / 79 ( traditionally c . 1295  16 August 1327 )) was a Catholic saint , a confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August ; he is specially invoked against the plague . He may also be called ___MASK44___ in English , and has the designation ___MASK88___ St Rollox in Glasgow , Scotland , said to be a corruption ___MASK88___ St Roch ' s Loch . He is a patron saint ___MASK88___ dogs , falsely accused people , bachelors , and several other things . Loch is the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or for a sea inlet . It is cognate with the Manx lough , ___MASK98___ logh , and the Welsh word for lake , llyn . Morality ( from the Latin "" " manner , character , proper behavior ") is the differentiation ___MASK88___ intentions , decisions , and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper . Morality can be a body ___MASK88___ standards or principles derived from a code ___MASK88___ conduct from a particular philosophy , religion , or culture , or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal . Morality may also be specifically synonymous with " goodness " or " rightness ".