political_ideology national radical camp 
National ___MASK86___ ( also known from its abbreviation ND as " Endecja ") was a Polish political movement active from the second half of the 19th century under the foreign partitions of the country until the end of the Second Polish Republic .< ref name =" Szukaa / Hall "></ ref > It ceased to exist after the Nazi - Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 . In its long history , National ___MASK86___ went through several stages of development . Created with the intention of promoting the fight for Poland ' s ___MASK51___ against the repressive imperial regimes , the movement acquired its ___MASK38___ - wing nationalist character following the return to ___MASK42___ . A founder and principal ideologue was Roman Dmowski . Other ideological fathers of the movement included Zygmunt Balicki and Jan Ludwik Popawski . Zygmunt Balicki ( 30 December 1858 , Lublin - 12 September 1916 , Saint Petersburg ) was a Polish sociologist , publicist and one of the first leading thinkers of the modern ___MASK52___ in the late 19th century under the foreign Partitions of Poland . Balicki developed his original political thought inspired by the ideals of Aleksander witochowski from the movement of Positivism which was marked by the attempts at trying to stop the wholesale Russification and Germanization of the Poles ever since the Polish language was banned in reprisal for the January Uprising . The Second Polish Republic , also known as the Second ___MASK27___ of Poland or interwar Poland , refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars ( 1918  1939 ). Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the ___MASK27___ of Poland , the Polish state was recreated in 1918 , in the aftermath of World War I . When , after several regional conflicts , the borders of the state were fixed in 1922 , Poland ' s neighbours were Czechoslovakia , Germany , the Free City of Danzig , Lithuania , Latvia , Romania and the ___MASK4___ Union . It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia . Between March and August 1939 , Poland also shared a border with the then - Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia . Despite internal and external pressures , it continued to exist until 1939 , when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany , the ___MASK4___ Union and the Slovak Republic , marking the beginning of World War II in Europe . The Second Republic was significantly different in territory to the current Polish state . It included substantially more territory in the east and less in the west . The National Radical Camp ( Polish : Obóz Narodowo Radykalny , ONR ) was a Polish extreme ___MASK38___ , anti - communist , and nationalist political party , formed on 14 April 1934 mostly by the youth radicals who left the National Party of the National Democracy movement . The party was influenced by the ideas of Italian fascism , and tried to mix the ideas of totalitarianism with limited parliamentarism and pluralism . Some authors do not consider it to be a fascist political movement , while others suggest that its ideology had fascist elements , or even consider it as a ' nazified ' movement . The party was created on the insistence of former members of the Camp of Great Poland ( Obóz Wielkiej Polski ) , most notably Jan Mosdorf , Tadeusz Gluziski and Henryk Rossman . The organization proclaimed changes in the government based on the nationalist ideology . It supported class solidarity , nationalization of foreign and Jewish - owned companies and introduction of anti - semitic laws . At the same time it supported defense of private property and a centralized state . The party favored aggressive eliminationist action against Poland ' s minorities . The leading members of ONR - ABC included Henryk Rossman , Tadeusz Gluziski , Stanisaw Piasecki , Jan Jodzewicz , Wojciech Zaleski , Tadeusz Todtleben and Jan Korolec . The leading members of ONR - Falanga included Bolesaw Piasecki , Wojciech Wasiutyski , Wojciech Kwasieborski and Marian Reutt . The ONR was popular mostly among the students and other groups of urban youth . ONR openly encouraged anti - Jewish pogroms , and became the main force in the organization of attacks against Jews . Because of its involvement in boycott of Jewish - owned stores , as well as numerous attacks on left - wing worker demonstrations , the ONR was outlawed after three months of existence , in July 1934 . Several leaders were interned in the Bereza Kartuska Detention Camp , where the organization split into two separate factions : the ONR - Falanga ( Ruch Narodowo - Radykalny ) led by Bolesaw Piasecki , and the ONR - ABC ( Obóz Narodowo - Radykalny ) formed around the ABC journal and led by Henryk Rossman . Both organizations were officially illegal . During World War II , both organizations created underground resistance organizations : ONR - ABC was transformed into Grupa Szaca ( Rampart Group ) , whose military arm became the Zwizek Jaszczurczy ( Lizard Union ) , while the ONR - Falanga created the Konfederacja Narodu ( Confederation of the Nation ) . They were not supportive of the mainstream Polish Secret State related to the Polish government in exile . During the nazis ' occupation of Poland , many of the former ONR activists belonged to National Armed Forces resistance groups . Some former supporters , on the other hand , actively collaborated with German nazis , seeing Jews , not Germans , as the main threat to Poland . After World War II , the forced exile of many ONRs was made permanent by the communist regime , which branded them enemies of the state . Jan Ludwik Popawski ( 17 January 1854 in Bystrzejowice Pierwsze  12 March 1908 in Warsaw ) was a Polish journalist , author , politician and one of the first chief activists and ideologues of the ___MASK38___ - wing National Democracy political camp . The Invasion of Poland , also known as the September Campaign , or the 1939 Defensive War in Poland ( or " Wojna obronna 1939 roku "), and alternatively the Poland Campaign or " Fall Weiss " in Germany ( Case White ), was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , the Free City of Danzig , the ___MASK4___ Union , and a small Slovak contingent , that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe . The German invasion began on 1 September 1939 , one week after the signing of the Molotov  Ribbentrop Pact , while the ___MASK4___ invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov - Tg agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September . The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the ___MASK4___ Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German - ___MASK4___ Frontier Treaty . Roman Stanisaw Dmowski ( 9 August 1864  2 January 1939 ) was a Polish politician , statesman , and co - founder and chief ideologue of the ___MASK38___ - wing National Democracy (" ND ": in Polish , "" Endecja "") political movement . He saw the aggressive Germanization of Polish territories controlled by the German Empire as the major threat to Polish culture and therefore advocated a degree of accommodation with another power that had partitioned Poland , the Russian Empire . He favored the re - establishment of Polish ___MASK42___ by nonviolent means , and supported policies favorable to the Polish middle class . During World War I , in Paris , through his Polish National Committee he was a prominent spokesman , to the Allies , for Polish aspirations . He was a principal figure instrumental in the postwar restoration of Poland ' s independent existence .