place_of_birth henck arron
___MASK55___ ( pronounced or ), officially the Co - operative Republic ___MASK70___ ___MASK55___ , is a sovereign state on the northern mainland ___MASK70___ ___MASK94___ . It is , however , included in the Caribbean Region due to its strong cultural , historical , and political ties with the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ). ___MASK55___ is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north , Brazil to the south and southwest , Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west . With , ___MASK55___ is the fourth - smallest country on mainland ___MASK94___ after Uruguay , Suriname and French Guiana . ___MASK71___ ( or , also spelled Surinam ), officially known as the Republic ___MASK70___ ___MASK71___ , is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast ___MASK70___ ___MASK94___ . It is bordered by French Guiana to the east , Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south . At just under , it is the smallest country in ___MASK94___ . ___MASK71___ has a population ___MASK70___ approximately 566 , 000 , most ___MASK70___ whom live on the country ' s north coast , in and around the capital and largest city , ___MASK37___ . ___MASK94___ is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to ___MASK94___ instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). De facto is a Latin expression that means " in fact , in reality , in actual existence , force , or possession , as a matter ___MASK70___ fact " ( literally " ___MASK70___ fact "). In law , it often means " in practice but not necessarily ordained by law " or " in practice or actuality , but not officially designated or established ". It is commonly used in contrast to "" ( which means " according to law "; literally " from law "), when referring to matters ___MASK70___ law , governance , or technique ( such as standards ) that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or contrary to a regulation . When discussing a legal situation , " de jure " designates what the law says , while " de facto " designates what happens in practice . ___MASK92___ , officially the Federative Republic ___MASK70___ ___MASK92___ , is the largest country in both ___MASK94___ and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , ___MASK92___ has a coastline ___MASK70___ . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % ___MASK70___ the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety ___MASK70___ ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes ___MASK92___ one ___MASK70___ 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject ___MASK70___ significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . ___MASK37___ ( nickname : Par  bo ) is the capital and largest city of Suriname , located on the banks of the Suriname River in the ___MASK37___ District . ___MASK37___ has a population of roughly 240 , 000 people ( 2012 census ), almost half of Suriname ' s population . The historic inner city of ___MASK37___ has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002 . A sovereign state is , in international law , a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area . International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population , defined territory , one government , and the capacity to ___MASK77___ into relations with other sovereign states . It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state . Henck Alphonsus Eugène Arron ( 25 April 1936 -- 4 December 2000 ) was the Prime Minister ___MASK70___ Suriname from 24 December 1973 to 25 February 1980 , when he was overthrown in a coup d ' état by Dési Bouterse . After Johan Adolf Pengel died in 1970 , Arron , a banker , became the leader ___MASK70___ the NPS , the main Creole party . In 1973 , Arron created a coalition , which included the pro - independence PNR party , that won that year ' s general election . In February 1974 , Arron announced that Suriname would be seeking independence before the end ___MASK70___ 1975 . This came as a surprise because within Arron ' s own party there was no majority in favour ___MASK70___ independence . Suriname was granted independence by the Netherlands on 25 November 1975 . However , Surinamese politics soon degenerated into ethnic polarisation and corruption with the NPS using Dutch aid money for partisan purposes . Its leaders were accused ___MASK70___ fraud in the 1977 elections , in which Arron won a further term , and the discontent was such that a large chunk ___MASK70___ the population fled to the Netherlands , joining an already significant Surinamese community there . In 1980 , Arron was accused ___MASK70___ corruption and overthrown and jailed by the very military which , against the advice ___MASK70___ the Dutch government , he had created . He bore the ill - treatment and humiliation with courage ; the charges did not stick , he was released in 1981 , and , a year later , became managing director ___MASK70___ the Surinaamse Volkskredietbank . Later in his life he served as Vice President ___MASK70___ Suriname ( and therefore Chairman ___MASK70___ the Council ___MASK70___ Ministers ) from 26 January 1988 to 24 December 1990 . His government was again overthrown in a coup led by Ivan Graanoogst . ___MASK7___ ( pronounced or ), officially called Guiana , is an overseas department and region ___MASK70___ France , located on the north Atlantic coast ___MASK70___ ___MASK94___ in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its area has a very low population density ___MASK70___ only 3 inhabitants per km , with half ___MASK70___ its 244 , 118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area ___MASK70___ Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region ___MASK70___ France and the largest outermost region within the European Union . The President ___MASK70___ the Republic ___MASK70___ Suriname is , in accordance with the Constitution ___MASK70___ 1987 , the head ___MASK70___ state and head ___MASK70___ government ___MASK70___ Suriname , and commander - in - chief ___MASK70___ Suriname National Army . Desiré ___MASK39___ " Dési " Bouterse ( born 13 October 1945 ) is a Surinamese politician who has been President ___MASK70___ Suriname since 2010 . From 1980 to 1987 he was Suriname ' s " de facto " leader after conducting a military coup and establishing military rule . Borders are geographic boundaries ___MASK70___ political entities or legal jurisdictions , such as governments , sovereign states , federated states , and other subnational entities . Some borders  such as a state ' s internal administrative border , or inter - state borders within the Schengen Area  are often open and completely unguarded . Other borders are partially or fully controlled , and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled . Mostly contentious , borders may even foster the setting up ___MASK70___ buffer zones . A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier , the latter denoting a state ___MASK70___ mind rather than state boundaries .