date_of_birth virgil von graben
The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th and 15th centuries ( c . ___MASK58___  ___MASK26___ ). The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ( and , in much of Europe , the Renaissance ). The County of Tyrol , from ___MASK71___ : Princely County of Tyrol , was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established about ___MASK42___ . Originally a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of the Counts of Tyrol , it was inherited by the Counts of Gorizia in 1253 and finally fell to the Austrian House of Habsburg in 1363 . In 1804 the Princely County of Tyrol , unified with the secularised Prince - Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen , became a crown land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria - Hungary . East Tyrol , occasionally East Tirol , is an exclave of the Austrian state of Tyrol , separated from the main North Tyrol part by the short common border of Salzburg and Italian South Tyrol (" Südtirol "). It is congruent with the administrative district (" Bezirk ") of Lienz . The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post - classical era . Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate , the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post - classical age ( c . ___MASK26___ ), known as the Middle Ages , through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions ( c . 1800 ) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , with the Renaissance period , and with the Age of Discovery ( especially with the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492 , but also with Vasco da Gama ' s discovery of the sea route to the East in 1498 ), and ending around the French Revolution in 1789 . A knight is a person granted an honorary title of " knighthood " by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non - military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . The Holy Roman Empire was a multi - ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in ___MASK82___ . The largest territory of the empire after ___MASK29___ was the Kingdom of Germany , though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy , and numerous other territories . Saint Boniface ( ___MASK83___  ___MASK53___ June 754 AD ), born Winfrid , Wynfrith , or Wynfryth in the kingdom of Wessex in Anglo - Saxon England , was a leading figure in the Anglo - Saxon mission to the Germanic parts of the Frankish Empire during the 8th century . He established the first organized Christianity in many parts of Germania . He is the patron saint of Germania , the first archbishop of Mainz and the " Apostle of the Germans ". He was killed in Frisia in 754 , along with 52 others . His remains were returned to Fulda , where they rest in a sarcophagus which became a site of pilgrimage . Facts about Boniface ' s life and death as well as his work became widely known , since there is a wealth of material available  a number of " vitae ", especially the near - contemporary " Vita Bonifatii auctore Willibaldi ", and legal documents , possibly some sermons , and above all his correspondence . The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th , 12th , and 13th centuries ( c . ___MASK32___  ___MASK70___ ). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages , which by convention end around ___MASK26___ . Virgil von Graben ( 15th century -- 1507 ) was an Austrian noble and knight , who was stadtholder of Lienz and East Tyrol and Regent ( captain ) and stadtholder of Görz . He also ruled four Burggrafschaften ( a sort of Viscountships ) in the County of Tyrol , the Duchy of Carinthia and in the Archbishopric of Salzburg . Virgil von Graben was a powerful advisor to count Leonhard of Gorizia and emperor Maximilian I . Gorizia (, Friulian : " Guriza ") is a town and " comune " in northeastern Italy , in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps , bordering Slovenia . It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia and a local center of tourism , industry , and commerce . Since ___MASK87___ , a twin town of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of the modern - day Italian  Slovenian border . The entire region was subject to territorial dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia after World War II : after the new boundaries were established in ___MASK87___ and the old town was left to Italy , Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side . Taken together , the two towns constitute a conurbation , which also includes the Slovenian municipality of Šempeter - Vrtojba . Since May 2011 , these three towns are joined in a common trans - border metropolitan zone , administered by a joint administration board . Chivalry , or the chivalric code , is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between ___MASK47___ and 1220 . The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth ' s " Historia Regum Britanniae " which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . The Duchy of Carinthia was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia . It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in ___MASK80___ , and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies . A stem duchy ( from " stamm ", meaning " tribe ", in reference to the Germanic tribes of the Franks , Saxons , Bavarians and Swabians ) was a constituent duchy of the kingdom of Germany at the time of the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty ( the death of Louis the Child in ___MASK68___ ) and the transitional period leading to the formation of the Holy Roman Empire later in the 10th century . The Carolingians had dissolved the original tribal duchies of the Frankish Empire in the 8th century . As the Carolingian Empire declined in the late 9th century , the old tribal areas assumed new identities as the subdivisions of the realm . These are the five stem duchies ( sometimes also called " younger stem duchies " in reference to the pre - Carolingian tribal duchies ): Bavaria , Franconia , Lotharingia , Saxony and Swabia ( Alemannia ). The stem duchies were retained as the major divisions of Germany under the Salian dynasty , but they became increasingly obsolete during the early high medieval period under the Hohenstaufen , and they were finally abolished in ___MASK64___ by Frederick Barbarossa in favour of more numerous territorial duchies . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated ___MASK34___ . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Cisleithania ( also " Zisleithanien ", , , , , , , , , transliterated : " Tsysleitàniia ") was a common yet unofficial denotation of the northern and western part of Austria - Hungary , the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of ___MASK67___  as distinguished from " Transleithania ", i . e . the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of (" beyond ") the Leitha River . Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : , abbr .: " RS "), is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers and has a population of ___MASK18___ . 06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Austria - Hungary , often referred to as the Austro - Hungarian Empire in English - language sources , was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire ( the Kingdoms and lands represented in the Imperial Council , or " Cisleithania ") and the Kingdom of Hungary ( Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or " Transleithania ") that existed from ___MASK67___ to 1918 , when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I . The union was a result of the Austro - Hungarian Compromise of ___MASK67___ and came into existence on 30 ___MASK19___ . Austria - Hungary consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ), and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia - Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian  Hungarian Settlement (" Nagodba ") in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the ___MASK67___ reforms , the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co - equal . Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . The Austrian Empire ( modern spelling "") was an empire in Central Europe created out of the realms of the Habsburgs by proclamation in ___MASK46___ . It was a multinational empire and one of Europe ' s great powers . Geographically it was the second largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire ( ___MASK13___ , 538 square kilometres [ 239 , 977 sq mi ]). It was also the third most populous after Russia and France , as well as the largest and strongest country in the German Confederation . Proclaimed in response to the First French Empire , it overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter ' s dissolution in 1806 . The " Ausgleich " of ___MASK67___ elevated Hungary ' s status . It became a separate entity from the Empire entirely , joining with it in the dual monarchy of Austria - Hungary . Leonhard of Gorizia ( ___MASK31___  12 April ___MASK26___ ) was the last Count of Görz from the Meinhardiner dynasty , who ruled at Lienz and Gorizia (" Görz ") from 1454 until his death . Bavaria is a federal state of Germany . Located in the German southeast with an area of ___MASK39___ , 548 square kilometres ( 27 , 200 sq mi ), Bavaria is the largest German state . Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany , and , with 12 . 9 million inhabitants , it is Germany ' s second most populous state . Munich , Bavaria ' s capital and largest city , is the third largest city in Germany . South Tyrol ( German and ), also known by its alternative Italian name Alto Adige , is an autonomous province in northern Italy . It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino - Alto Adige / Südtirol . The province has an area of and a total population of ___MASK94___ , ___MASK4___ inhabitants ( ___MASK66___ . 12 . 2011 ). Its capital is the city of Bolzano ( German : " Bozen "; Ladin : " Balsan " or " Bulsan "). According to 2014 data based on the 2011 census , ___MASK2___ . 3 percent of the population speaks German ( Standard German in the written norm and an Austro - Bavarian dialect in the spoken form ); 23 . ___MASK45___ percent of the population speaks Italian , mainly in and around the two largest cities ( Bolzano and Merano ); ___MASK45___ . 1 percent speaks Ladin , a Rhaeto - Romance language ; 10 . 2 % of the population ( mainly recent immigrants ) speaks another language as first language . The Prince - Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire . It comprised the secular territory ruled by the Archbishops of Salzburg , as distinguished from the Catholic diocese founded in ___MASK56___ by Saint Boniface in the German stem duchy of Bavaria . The capital of the archbishopric was Salzburg , the former Roman city of ".