place_of_birth david first
An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical ___MASK25___ classical music , which features string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and percussion instruments , grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances ___MASK25___ some modern compositions , electronic instruments . The piano is an acoustic , stringed musical instrument , in which the strings are struck by hammers . It is played using a keyboard , which is a row ___MASK25___ keys ( small levers ) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs ___MASK25___ both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings . Invented in about 1700 ( the exact year is uncertain ), the piano is widely employed in classical , jazz , traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances , accompaniment , and for composing , songwriting and rehearsals . Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive ( in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments , such as the acoustic guitar ), its musical versatility ( i . e ., its wide pitch range , ability to play chords with up to 10 notes , louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time ), the large number ___MASK25___ musicians and amateurs trained in playing it , and its wide availability in performance venues , schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one ___MASK25___ the Western world ' s most familiar musical instruments . A personal computer ( PC ) is a multi - purpose electronic computer whose size , capabilities , and ___MASK24___ make it feasible for individual use . PCs are intended to be operated directly by a person using a graphical user interface such as Windows . The versatility ___MASK25___ a personal computer is greatly enhanced by the use ___MASK25___ peripheral devices such as a keyboard , monitor , printer , mouse , speakers , and an external hard drive . An art song is a vocal music composition , usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment , and usually in the classical art music ___MASK81___ . By extension , the term " art song " is used to refer to the collective genre ___MASK25___ such songs ( e . g ., the " art song repertoire "). An art song is most often a musical setting ___MASK25___ an independent poem or text , " intended for the concert repertory " " as part ___MASK25___ a recital or other relatively formal social occasion ". While many pieces ___MASK25___ vocal music are easily recognized as art songs , others are more difficult to categorize . For example , a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song and sometimes not . A song , ___MASK80___ broadly , is a single ( and often standalone ) work ___MASK25___ music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety ___MASK25___ forms that often include the repetition ___MASK25___ sections . Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created , are called lyrics . If a pre - existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song . Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants . Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs . Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs . These songs , which have broad appeal , are often composed by professional songwriters , composers and lyricists . Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances . Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video ( or in some , cases , a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded ). Songs may also appear in plays , musical theatre , stage shows ___MASK25___ any form , and within operas . An electric guitar is a fretted string instrument that uses a pickup to convert the vibration ___MASK25___ its strings  which are typically made ___MASK25___ steel , and which occurs when a guitarist strums , plucks or fingerpicks the strings  into electrical signals . The vibrations ___MASK25___ the strings are sensed by a pickup , ___MASK25___ which the most common type is the magnetic pickup , which uses the principle ___MASK25___ direct electromagnetic induction . The signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker , so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker , which makes a sound loud enough to hear . The output ___MASK25___ an electric guitar is an electric signal , and the signal can easily be altered by electronic circuits to add " color " to the sound or change the sound . Often the signal is modified using effects such as reverb and distortion and " overdrive ", with the latter being a key element ___MASK25___ the sound ___MASK25___ the electric guitar as it is used in blues and rock music . Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form ___MASK25___ music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ), rhythms and / or chords ___MASK25___ a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs  printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages  the medium ___MASK25___ sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ), although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation ___MASK25___ musical notation on computer screens and the development ___MASK25___ scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , " play back " the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments . A ___MASK26___ device ( or handheld computer ) is a small computing device , typically , small enough to hold and operate in the hand and having an operating system capable ___MASK25___ running ___MASK26___ apps . These may provide a diverse range ___MASK25___ functions . Typically , the device will have a display screen with a small numeric or alphanumeric keyboard or a touchscreen providing a virtual keyboard and buttons ( icons ) on - screen . Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi - Fi , Bluetooth or near field communication ( NFC ). Integrated cameras , digital media players , ___MASK26___ phone and GPS capabilities are common . Power is typically provided by a lithium battery . Eddie Cantor ( January 31 , 1892  October 10 , 1964 ), born Edward ___MASK41___ Iskowitz , was an American " illustrated song " performer , comedian , dancer , singer , actor , and songwriter . Familiar to Broadway , radio , movie , and early television audiences , this " Apostle ___MASK25___ Pep " was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top - rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters . Some ___MASK25___ his hits include " Makin ' Whoopee ", " Ida ", " Yes ! We Have No Bananas ", " If You Knew Susie ", " Ma ! He ' s Makin ' Eyes at Me ", " Baby ", " Margie ", and " How Ya Gonna Keep ' em Down on the Farm ( After They ' ve Seen Paree )?" He also wrote a few songs , including " Merrily We Roll Along ", the " Merrie Melodies " Warner Bros . cartoon theme . Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence , which exist in ___MASK51___ . The common elements ___MASK25___ music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ), rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ), dynamics ( loudness and softness ), and the sonic qualities ___MASK25___ timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the " color " ___MASK25___ a musical sound ). Different styles or types ___MASK25___ music may emphasize , de - emphasize or omit some ___MASK25___ these elements . Music is performed with a vast range ___MASK25___ instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek  (" mousike "; " art ___MASK25___ the Muses "). In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form include the production ___MASK25___ works ___MASK25___ music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ), the criticism ___MASK25___ music , the study ___MASK25___ the history ___MASK25___ music , and the aesthetic examination ___MASK25___ music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as " the harmony ___MASK25___ the spheres " and " it is music to my ears " point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th - century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , " There is no noise , only sound ." The vihuela is a guitar - shaped string instrument from 15th and 16th century ___MASK20___ , ___MASK11___ and Italy , usually with five or six doubled strings . The bit is a basic unit ___MASK25___ information in computing and digital communications . A bit can have only one ___MASK25___ two values , and may therefore be physically implemented with a two - state device . These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term " bit " is a portmanteau ___MASK25___ binary digit . In information theory , the bit is equivalent to the unit " ___MASK44___ ", named after Claude Shannon . Wesleyan University ( or ) is a private ___MASK96___ arts college in ___MASK47___ , Connecticut , founded in 1831 . Wesleyan is a Baccalaureate College that emphasizes undergraduate instruction in the arts and sciences , grants research master ' s degrees in many academic disciplines , and grants PhD degrees in biology , chemistry , mathematics and computer science , molecular biology and biochemistry , music , and physics . ___MASK33___ Del Ruth ( October 18 , 1895 , ___MASK34___ , ___MASK74___  April 27 , 1961 ) was an American film director . Kid Millions ( 1934 ) is an American musical film directed by ___MASK33___ Del Ruth , produced by Samuel Goldwyn Productions , and starring Eddie Cantor . Its elaborate " Ice Cream Fantasy Finale " production number was filmed in three - strip Technicolor , one ___MASK25___ the earliest uses ___MASK25___ that process in a feature - length film . A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set ___MASK25___ arithmetic or logical operations automatically . The ability ___MASK25___ computers to follow a sequence ___MASK25___ operations , called a " program ", make computers very flexible and useful . Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety ___MASK25___ industrial and consumer devices . This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls , factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design , but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones . The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions ___MASK25___ other computers . A composer ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a person who creates or writes music , which can be vocal music ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental music ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or music which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., opera or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning ___MASK25___ the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition ___MASK25___ Western classical music through creation ___MASK25___ works expressed in written musical notation ( e . g ., sheet music scores ). A chordophone is a musical instrument that makes sound by way ___MASK25___ a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points . It is one ___MASK25___ the four main divisions ___MASK25___ instruments in the original Hornbostel - Sachs scheme ___MASK25___ musical instrument classification . Robert ___MASK92___ ( ___MASK49___ 28 , 1930  ___MASK49___ 3 , 2014 ) was an American composer , who was best known for his operas and other theatrical works , many ___MASK25___ which incorporate electronics and extended techniques . The Sonic Arts ___MASK9___ was a collective ___MASK25___ experimental musicians that was active between 1966 and 1976 . The founding members ___MASK25___ the group were Robert Ashley , David Behrman , Alvin Lucier and Gordon Mumma , all ___MASK25___ whom had worked together in the instrumental performances ___MASK25___ the ONCE festivals . They initially toured under the name Sonic Arts Group , until , at Ashley ' s suggestion , the name was changed to Sonic Arts ___MASK9___ . Arithmetic or arithmetics ( from the Greek  " arithmos ", " number ") is the oldest and ___MASK80___ elementary branch ___MASK25___ mathematics . It consists ___MASK25___ the study ___MASK25___ numbers , especially the properties ___MASK25___ the traditional operations between them  addition , subtraction , multiplication and division . Arithmetic is an elementary part ___MASK25___ number theory , and number theory is considered to be one ___MASK25___ the top - level divisions ___MASK25___ modern mathematics , along with algebra , geometry , and analysis . The terms " arithmetic " and " higher arithmetic " were used until the beginning ___MASK25___ the 20th century as synonyms for " number theory " and are sometimes still used to refer to a wider part ___MASK25___ number theory . A wind quintet , also known as a woodwind quintet , is a group ___MASK25___ five wind players ( most commonly flute , oboe , clarinet , ___MASK89___ and bassoon ). The term also applies to a composition for such a group . A control system manages , commands , directs or regulates the behaviour ___MASK25___ other devices or systems . It can range from a home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines . A string quartet is a musical ensemble ___MASK25___ four string players  two violin players , a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group . The string quartet is one ___MASK25___ the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music , with most major composers , from the mid to late 18th century onwards , writing string quartets . An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics , or singing , although it might include some inarticulate vocals , such as shouted backup vocals in a Big ___MASK68___ setting . The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments . An instrumental can exist in music notation , after it is written by a composer ; in the mind ___MASK25___ the composer ( especially in cases where the composer herself will perform the piece , as in the case ___MASK25___ a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player ); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a musical ensemble , which could range in size from a duo or trio to a large Big ___MASK68___ , concert band or orchestra . David Behrman ( born August 16 , 1937 in ___MASK1___ , Austria ) is an American composer and a pioneer ___MASK25___ computer music . In the early 1960s he was the producer ___MASK25___ Columbia Records ' " Music ___MASK25___ Our Time " series , which included the first recording ___MASK25___ Terry Riley ' s " In C ". In 1966 Behrman co - founded Sonic Arts Union with fellow composers Robert Ashley , Alvin Lucier and Gordon Mumma . He wrote the music for Merce Cunningham ' s dances " Walkaround Time " ( 1968 ), " Rebus " ( 1975 ), " Pictures " ( 1984 ) and " Eyespace 40 " ( 2007 ). Vocal music is a type ___MASK25___ music performed by one or more singers , with or without instrumental accompaniment ( a cappella ), in which singing provides the main focus ___MASK25___ the piece . Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered instrumental music ( e . g . the wordless women ' s choir in the final movement ___MASK25___ Holst ' s The Planets ) as is music without singing . Music without any non - vocal instrumental accompaniment is referred to as " a cappella ". Nylon is a generic designation for a family ___MASK25___ synthetic polymers , more specifically aliphatic or semi - aromatic polyamides . They can be melt - processed into fibers , films or shapes . The first example ___MASK25___ nylon ( nylon 6 , 6 ) was produced on February 28 , 1935 , by Wallace Carothers at DuPont ' s research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station . Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fibers ( apparel , flooring and rubber reinforcement ), in shapes ( molded parts for cars , electrical equipment , etc .), and in films ( mostly for food packaging ).< ref name =" Materials / Polyamide "></ ref > Sound installation ( related to sound art and sound sculpture ) is an intermedia and ___MASK51___ based art form . It is an expansion ___MASK25___ an art installation in the sense that it includes the sound element and therefore the ___MASK51___ element . The main difference with a sound sculpture is that a sound installation has a three - dimensional space and the axes with which the different sound objects are being organized are not exclusively internal to the work , but also external . A work ___MASK25___ art is an installation only if it makes a dialog with the surrounding space . A sound installation is usually a site - specific but sometimes it can be readapted to other spaces . It can be made either in close or open spaces , and context is fundamental to determine how a sound installation will be aesthetically perceived . The difference between a regular art installation and a sound installation is that the later one has the ___MASK51___ element , which gives the visiting public the possibility to stay a longer ___MASK51___ due possible curiosity over the development ___MASK25___ sound . This temporal factor also gives the audience the excuse to explore the space thoroughly due to the dispositions ___MASK25___ the different sounds in space . Samuel Goldwyn Productions was an American film production company founded by Samuel Goldwyn in 1923 , and active through 1959 . Personally controlled by Goldwyn and focused on production rather than distribution , the company developed into the ___MASK80___ financially and critically successful independent production company in ___MASK90___ ' s Golden Age . ___MASK16___ Mumma ( born March 30 , 1935 , in Framingham , Massachusetts ) is an American composer . He is known most for his work with electronics , many devices ___MASK25___ which he builds himself , and for his performances on ___MASK89___ . A microwave oven ( commonly referred to as a microwave ) is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to microwave radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum . This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating . Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer ___MASK25___ a homogeneous , high water content food item ; food is more evenly heated throughout ( except in heterogeneous , dense objects ) than generally occurs in other cooking techniques . The Baroque guitar ( c . 1600  1750 ) is a string instrument with five courses ___MASK25___ gut strings and moveable gut frets . The first ( highest pitched ) course sometimes used only a single string . David First ( born August 20 , 1953 ) is an American composer . His music ___MASK80___ often deals with drones and interference beats , the latter aligning his music with that ___MASK25___ Alvin Lucier . He usually plays computer or guitar and has led the World Casio Quartet , Joy Buzzers and The Notekillers which originally existed from 1977 -- 81 and reformed in 2004 . He is also a member ___MASK25___ Matter Waves , which includes Kid Millions on drums and Bernard Gann on bass , and the music collective New Party Systems . His albums include 1991 ' s Resolver , instrumental pieces influenced by minimalism and 2002 ' s relatively pop - oriented Universary , which consists ___MASK25___ `` songs and drones '' . More recent releases include 2010 ' s We ' re Here to Help ( Prophase Records ) by The Notekillers and Privacy Issues , a 3 - CD set ___MASK25___ droneworks on the XI label . In 1995 First , along with visual artist Patricia Smith created an opera , The Manhattan Book ___MASK25___ the Dead , which was presented at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club ' s Annex Theater in 1995 and The Washaus in Potsdam , Germany in 1996 . First received a 2001 Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award . In January 2012 , the music collective , New Party Systems , an ensemble containing First , released a song First wrote ( C2011 Silent Graph Music ASCAP ) , `` We Are '' -- -- an anthem for the 99 % , with a video by director , Toni Comas . A choir ( also known as a chorale or chorus ) is a musical ensemble ___MASK25___ singers . Choral music , in turn , is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform . Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire , which spans from the Medieval era to the present , and / or popular music repertoire . Most choirs are led by a conductor , who leads the performances with arm and face gestures . A fret is a raised element on the neck ___MASK25___ a stringed instrument . Frets usually extend across the full width ___MASK25___ the neck . On most modern western fretted instruments , frets are metal strips inserted into the fingerboard . On some historical instruments and non - European instruments , frets are made ___MASK25___ pieces ___MASK25___ string tied around the neck . Opera ( English plural : " operas "; Italian plural : " opere " ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and musical score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional opera , singers do two types ___MASK25___ singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . Opera incorporates many ___MASK25___ the elements ___MASK25___ spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . The Internet is the global system ___MASK25___ interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite ( TCP / IP ) to link devices worldwide . It is a " network ___MASK25___ networks " that consists ___MASK25___ private , public , academic , business , and government networks ___MASK25___ local to global scope , linked by a broad array ___MASK25___ electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range ___MASK25___ information resources and services , such as the inter - linked hypertext documents and applications ___MASK25___ the World Wide Web ( WWW ), electronic mail , telephony , and peer - to - peer networks for file sharing . In physics , resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at a specific preferential frequency . Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as the system ' s resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies . At resonant frequencies , small periodic driving forces have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations , due to the storage ___MASK25___ vibrational energy . Alvin Lucier ( born May 14 , 1931 ) is an American composer ___MASK25___ experimental music and sound installations that explore acoustic phenomena and auditory perception . A long - time music professor at Wesleyan University , Lucier was a member ___MASK25___ the influential Sonic Arts Union , which included Robert Ashley , David Behrman , and Gordon Mumma . Much ___MASK25___ his work is influenced by science and explores the physical properties ___MASK25___ sound itself : resonance ___MASK25___ spaces , phase interference between closely tuned pitches , and the transmission ___MASK25___ sound through physical media . The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings , usually having six . The sound is projected either acoustically , using a hollow wooden or plastic and ___MASK88___ ___MASK64___ ( for an acoustic guitar ), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker ( for an electric guitar ). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers , thumb and / or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting ( or pressing against the frets ) the strings with the fingers of the left hand . The guitar is a type of chordophone , traditionally constructed from ___MASK88___ and strung with either gut , nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning . The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern , the vihuela , the four - course Renaissance guitar , and the five - course baroque guitar , all of which contributed to the development of the modern six - string instrument . An amplifier , electronic amplifier or ( informally ) amp is an electronic device designed to increase the value ___MASK25___ a signal . The amount ___MASK25___ increase , as a ratio ___MASK25___ the output signal over input signal is called the gain ___MASK25___ the amplifier . The signal is often a voltage , electric current or power signal . The input and output signal must not necessaraly be ___MASK25___ the same type . An amplifier is the opposite ___MASK25___ an attenuator : while an amplifier provides gain , an attenuator provides loss . Experimental music is a compositional practice defined broadly by exploratory sensibilites and movement radically opposed to and questioning ___MASK25___ institutionalized musical compositional , performing , and aesthetic conventions . The practice became prominent in the mid - 20th century , particularly in North America . John Cage was one ___MASK25___ the earliest composers to use the term and one ___MASK25___ experimental music ' s primary innovators , utilizing indeterminacy techniques and seeking unknown outcomes . In France , as early as 1953 , Pierre Schaeffer had begun using the term """" to describe compositional activities that incorporated tape music , musique concrète , and elektronische Musik . Also , in America , a quite distinct sense ___MASK25___ the term was used in the late 1950s to describe computer - controlled composition associated with composers such as Lejaren Hiller . A smartphone is a ___MASK26___ phone ( also known as cell phones or cell mobiles ) with an advanced ___MASK26___ operating system that combines features ___MASK25___ a personal computer operating system with other features useful for ___MASK26___ or handheld use . Smartphones , which are usually pocket - sized , typically combine the features ___MASK25___ a ___MASK26___ phone , such as the abilities to place and receive voice calls and create and receive text messages , with those ___MASK25___ other popular digital ___MASK26___ devices like personal digital assistants ( PDAs ), such as an event calendar , media player , video games , GPS navigation , digital camera and digital video camera . Smartphones can access the Internet and can run a variety ___MASK25___ third - party software components (" apps " from Google Play , Apple App Store , etc ). They typically have a color display with a graphical user interface that covers more than 76 % ___MASK25___ the front surface . The display is almost always a touchscreen and sometimes additionally a touch - enabled keyboard like the Priv / Passport BlackBerrys , which enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type words and numbers and press onscreen icons to activate " app " features . Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use ___MASK25___ written , printed , or otherwise - produced symbols , including ancient symbols or modern musical symbols and including ancient symbols cut into stone , made in clay tablets or made using a pen on papyrus , parchment or manuscript paper ; printed using a printing press ( ca . 1400s ), a computer printer ( ca . 1980s ) or other printing or modern copying technology . Types and methods ___MASK25___ notation have varied between cultures and throughout history , and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary . Even in the same time period , such as in the 2010s , different styles ___MASK25___ music and different cultures use different music notation methods ; for example , for professional classical music performers , sheet music using staves and note heads is the most common way ___MASK25___ notating music , but for professional country music session musicians , the Nashville Number System is the main method . The gittern was a relatively small gut strung round - backed instrument that first appears in literature and pictorial representation during the 13th century in Western Europe ( ___MASK86___ Peninsula , Italy , France , England ). It is usually depicted played with a quill plectrum , as we can see clearly beginning in manuscript illuminations from the thirteenth century . It was also called the guitarra in Spain , guiterne or guiterre in France , the chitarra in Italy and quintern in Germany . A popular instrument with court musicians , minstrels , and amateurs , the gittern is considered ancestral to the modern guitar ; possibly other instruments like the mandore and gallichon . An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically  by transmitting the vibration ___MASK25___ the strings to the air  as opposed to relying on electronic amplification ( see electric guitar ). The sound waves from the strings ___MASK25___ an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar ' s body , creating sound . This typically involves the use ___MASK25___ a sound board and a sound ___MASK64___ to strengthen the vibrations ___MASK25___ the strings . In consumer electronics , a remote control is a component ___MASK25___ an electronic device such as a television set , DVD player , or other home appliance , used to operate the device wirelessly from a short distance . Remote control is primarily a convenience feature for the consumer , and can allow operation ___MASK25___ devices that are out ___MASK25___ convenient reach for direct operation ___MASK25___ controls . In some cases , remote controls allow a person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach , as when a garage door opener is triggered from outside or when a Digital Light Processing projector that is mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level . The Renaissance was a period in European history , from the 14th to the 17th century , regarded as the cultural ___MASK19___ between the Middle Ages and modern history . It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest ___MASK25___ Europe , marking the beginning ___MASK25___ the Early Modern Age . Latin ( Latin : ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch ___MASK25___ the Indo - European languages . The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets . Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions ___MASK25___ Western music , including both liturgical ( religious ) and secular music . While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 ( the Classical period ), this article is about the broad span ___MASK25___ time from roughly the 11th century to the present day , which includes the Classical period and various other periods . The central norms ___MASK25___ this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900 , which is known as the common - practice period . The major time divisions ___MASK25___ Western art music are as follows : European art music is largely distinguished from many other non - European and some popular musical forms by its system ___MASK25___ staff notation , in use since about the 16th century . Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches ( e . g ., melodies , basslines , chords ), tempo , meter and rhythms for a piece ___MASK25___ music . This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and " ad libitum " ornamentation , which are frequently heard in non - European art music and in popular - music styles such as jazz and blues . Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song ( strophic ) form , classical music has been noted for its development ___MASK25___ highly sophisticated forms ___MASK25___ instrumental music such as the concerto , symphony , sonata , and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which , since they are written down , can sustain larger forms and attain a high level ___MASK25___ complexity .