occupation penor rinpoche
Palyul is one of the six mother monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism . It was founded in the year of 1665 by Rigzin Kunzang Sherab in Dege , on the eastern edge of Tibet , a town in today ' s Baiyü County , Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in China ' s Sichuan province . The monastery is the seat of the Nam Cho Terma of Terton Migyur Dorje . Drubwang Padma Norbu was the 11th throne holder of the Palyul lineage . Upon his death in March , 2009 , Karma Kuchen Rinpoche became the 12th throne holder . Mount Everest , also known in Nepal as Sagarmth and in China as Chomolungma /  , is earth ' s highest ___MASK37___ . Its peak is above sea level . Mount Everest is in the Mahalangur Range . The international border between China ( Tibet Autonomous Region ) and Nepal runs across Everest ' s summit point . Its massif includes neighbouring peaks Lhotse , ; Nuptse , , and Changtse , . Dzogchen or " Great Perfection ", ___MASK35___ :      , is a tradition of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism aimed at attaining and maintaining the natural primordial state or natural condition . It is a central teaching of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism and of Bon . In these traditions , Dzogchen is the highest and most definitive path of the nine vehicles to liberation . Rainbow Body is an orchestral composition by the American ___MASK43___ Christopher Theofanidis . It was commissioned by the Houston Symphony , which first performed the work in April 2000 under the ___MASK97___ Robert Spano . The piece is dedicated to the Texas lawyer and ___MASK8___ Glen Rosenbaum . " Rainbow Body " is one of Theofanidis ' s most - performed compositions and won the 2003 London Masterprize competition . Buddhism ( or ) is a ___MASK58___ and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much of Asia , whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages . Two ___MASK69___ extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : " The School of the Elders ") and ___MASK76___ ( Sanskrit : " The Great Vehicle "). Buddhism is the world ' s fourth - largest ___MASK58___ , with over 500 million followers or 7 % of the global population , known as Buddhists . An ethnic group or ethnicity is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities , such as common ancestral , language , social , cultural or national experiences . Unlike other social groups ( wealth , age , hobbies ), ethnicity is often an inherited status based on the society in which one lives . In some cases , it can be adopted if a person moves into another society . Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage , ancestry , origin myth , history , homeland , language or dialect , symbolic systems such as ___MASK58___ , mythology and ritual , cuisine , dressing style , art , and physical appearance . Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet , the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia . It derives from the latest stages of Indian Buddhism and preserves " the Tantric status quo of eighth - century India ." Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body . In Buddhism , buddhahood (, or ) is the condition or rank of a buddha ( or , , Pali / ___MASK35___ for " awakened one "). Vimalamitra was an 8th - century Indian ___MASK40___ of which little is known . Centuries later he was adopted as a ___MASK28___ character of terma and was attributed various works . One scholar remarks that the historical Vimalamitra " would have been astonished to find himself the focus of such a tradition ." The Hui people ( Xiao ' erjing : ; Dungan :  , " Xuejzw ") are a Chinese ethnic group which is composed predominantly of adherents of the Muslim faith and found throughout China , though they are concentrated mainly in the Northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan . According to a 2011 census , China is home to approximately 10 . 5 million Hui people , the majority of whom are Chinese - speaking practitioners of ___MASK34___ , though some practice other religions . ___MASK35___ ( English pronunciation :; written in Devanagari ___MASK21___ ; : or ', originally ', " refined speech ") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism and " Mahyna " Buddhism , a philosophical language in Hinduism , Jainism , Buddhism and Sikhism . It was also a ___MASK28___ language that was in use as a " lingua franca " in ancient and medieval South Asia . It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo - Aryan , originating as Vedic ___MASK35___ and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto - Indo - Iranian and Proto - Indo - European . Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand . As one of the oldest Indo - European languages for which substantial written documentation exists , ___MASK35___ holds a prominent position in Indo - European studies . The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four ___MASK69___ schools of Tibetan Buddhism ( the other three being the Kagyu , Sakya and Gelug ). " Nyingma " literally means " ancient ," and is often referred to as Ngangyur (, " school of the ancient translations " or " old school ") because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Old Tibetan in the eighth century . The Tibetan alphabet and grammar was actually created for this endeavour . The Han Chinese , Han people or simply Han (  ; pinyin : " Hànzú ", literally " Han ethnicity " or " Han ethnic group "; or  ; pinyin : " Hànrén ", literally " Han people ") are an ethnic group native to East Asia . They constitute approximately 92 % of the population of China , 95 % of ___MASK15___ ( Han Taiwanese ), 76 % of Singapore , 23 % of Malaysia and about 18 % of the global population . Han Chinese are the world ' s largest ethnic group with over 1 . 3 billion people . The Gelug , Gelug - pa , dGe Lugs Pa , dge - lugs - pa or Dgelugspa is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism . It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa ( 1357  1419 ), a ___MASK9___ and Tibetan ___MASK61___ . The first monastery he established was named Ganden , and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school , though its most influential figure is the Dalai ___MASK82___ . Allying themselves with the Mongols as a powerful patron , the Gelug emerged as the pre - eminent Buddhist school in Tibet since the end of the 16th century . Tibet ( Tibetan Pinyin : " boe ", ; / i t  s¹ /) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa , Qiang , and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people . Tibet is the highest region on Earth , with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest , Earth ' s highest ___MASK37___ , rising 8 , 848 m ( 29 , 029 ft ) above sea level . The SASM / GNC / SRC romanization of Tibetan , commonly known as Tibetan pinyin , is the ___MASK49___ transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People ' s Republic of China for personal names and place names . It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation except that it does not mark tone . It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin ___MASK21___ within academic circles ; Wylie transliteration ( with a " v " replacing the apostrophe ) is more commonly used . Nam Cho ( THL transcription : namchö ) translates as the " sky / space dharma ", a terma cycle especially popular among the Palyul lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism . It was revealed by the tertön Namchö Mingyur Dorje , transmitted to Kunzang Sherab and compiled by the Kagyu school ___MASK38___ Karma Chagme . The Sakya (" pale earth ") school is one of four ___MASK69___ schools of Tibetan Buddhism , the others being the Nyingma , Kagyu , and Gelug . It is one of the Red Hat sects along with the Nyingma and Kagyu . Kyabjé Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche ( Tibetan :           , Wylie : pad ma nor bu , 1932 - March 27 , 2009 ) was the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism , and said to be an incarnation of Vimalamitra . He was widely renowned in the Tibetan Buddhist world as a ___MASK38___ of Dzogchen . He was one of a very few teachers left from his generation who received all his training ( in the traditional sense ) in Tibet under the guidance of what Tibetan Buddhists consider to be fully enlightened teachers . The Himalayas , or Himalaya , ( or ) are a ___MASK37___ range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau . Bon or Bön is a Tibetan ___MASK58___ , which self - identifies as being distinct from Tibetan Buddhism , although it shares the same overall teachings and terminology . It arose in the eleventh century and established its scriptures mainly from termas and visions by tertöns such as Loden Nyingpo . Though Bon terma contain myths of Bon existing before the introduction of Buddhism in Tibet , " in truth the ' old ___MASK58___ ' was a new ___MASK58___ ."