located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity mopsuestia
Southeast ___MASK29___ or Southeastern ___MASK29___ is a geographical region of ___MASK29___ , consisting primarily of the Balkan peninsula . Sovereign states that are , at least partially , included in the region are , in alphabetical order , ___MASK7___ , ___MASK17___ , Bulgaria , ___MASK28___ , Greece , Kosovo , Macedonia , Moldova , Montenegro , Romania , Serbia , Slovenia and Turkey . The Sea ___MASK100___ Marmara , also known as the Sea ___MASK100___ Marmora or the Marmara Sea , and in the context ___MASK100___ classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea , entirely within the borders ___MASK100___ ___MASK44___ , that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea , thus separating ___MASK44___ ' s Asian and European parts . The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea . The former also separates Istanbul into its Asian and European sides . The sea has an area ___MASK100___ 11 , 350 km² ( 280 km x 80 km ) with the greatest depth reaching . The Bosphorus ( or ) or Bosporus (" Bósporos " ) is a narrow , natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern ___MASK44___ . It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia , and separates Asian ___MASK44___ from European ___MASK44___ . The world ' s narrowest strait used for international navigation , the Bosphorus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara , and , by extension via the Dardanelles , the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas . ___MASK51___ (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia , officially the Islamic Republic ___MASK100___ ___MASK51___ (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the ___MASK32___ by Armenia , the " de facto " Nagorno - Karabakh Republic , and ___MASK64___ ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf ___MASK100___ Oman ; and to the west by ___MASK44___ and Iraq . Comprising a land area ___MASK100___ , it is the second - largest country in the Middle East and the 18th - largest in the world . With 82 . 8 million inhabitants , ___MASK51___ is the world ' s 17th - most - populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country ' s central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait ___MASK100___ Hormuz , make it ___MASK100___ great geostrategic importance . Tehran is the country ' s capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic center . ___MASK29___ is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . ___MASK29___ is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the ___MASK60___ , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the ___MASK55___ and southeast , ___MASK29___ is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of ___MASK29___  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to ___MASK29___ also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . The Dardanelles , also known in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (" Hellespontos ", literally " Sea ___MASK100___ Helle "), is a narrow , natural strait and internationally - significant waterway in northwestern ___MASK44___ that forms part ___MASK100___ the continental boundary between Europe and Asia , and separates Asian ___MASK44___ from European ___MASK44___ . One ___MASK100___ the world ' s narrowest straits used for international navigation , the Dardanelles connects the Sea ___MASK100___ Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas , while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosphorus . ___MASK34___ (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern ___MASK29___ . ___MASK34___ ' s population is approximately 10 . 955 million as of 2015 . ___MASK94___ is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . ___MASK25___ ( tr . '), officially the Republic ___MASK100___ ___MASK25___ ( tr . '), is a country in southeastern ___MASK29___ . It is bordered by Romania to the north , ___MASK65___ and Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . With a territory ___MASK100___ , ___MASK25___ is ___MASK29___ ' s 16th - largest country . ___MASK66___ , officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia , bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south , and Israel to the southwest . ___MASK66___ ' s capital and largest city is Damascus . Thrace ( Modern , " Thráke " " Trakiya ") is a historical and geographic area in southeast ___MASK29___ , centered on the modern borders of Bulgaria , Greece , and ___MASK44___ . In antiquity , it was also referred to as ___MASK29___ , prior to the extension of the term to describe the whole continent . As a geographical concept , Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north , Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south , and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east . The areas it comprises are southeastern Bulgaria ( Northern Thrace ), northeastern Greece ( Western Thrace ), and the European part of ___MASK44___ ( Eastern Thrace ). The biggest part of Thrace is part of present - day Bulgaria . In ___MASK44___ , it is also called Rumeli . The name comes from the Thracians , an ancient Indo - European people inhabiting Southeastern ___MASK29___ . ___MASK16___ is a large city and a port on the Mediterranean coast of southern ___MASK44___ . It is part of an interurban agglomeration  the Adana - ___MASK16___ Metropolitan Area  and lies on the western part of Çukurova , a geographical , economical , and cultural region . The city was named after the aromatic plant Myrsine ( in Greek  ) in the family Primulaceae , a myrtle that grows in abundance in the area ; the 17th - century traveler Evliya Çelebi wrote that there was also a clan named Mersinoullar ___MASK44___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK44___ ( Turkish : ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . ___MASK44___ is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . ___MASK44___ is bordered by eight countries : Greece to the west ; Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; and Iraq and ___MASK66___ to the south . The Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . ___MASK44___ ' s location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history . A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system ___MASK100___ government where the executive branch ( the government ) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature ( the parliament ). There are a number ___MASK100___ variations ___MASK100___ parliamentary republics . ___MASK62___ have a clear differentiation between the head ___MASK100___ government and the head ___MASK100___ state , with the head ___MASK100___ government holding real power , much like constitutional monarchies . Some have combined the roles ___MASK100___ head ___MASK100___ state and head ___MASK100___ government , much like presidential systems , but with a dependency upon parliamentary power . Mopsuestia ( Greek :  Mopsou ( h ) estia ) , later Mamistra , is the ancient city ___MASK100___ Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus ( now Ceyhan River ) located approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) ___MASK55___ ___MASK100___ ancient Antiochia in Cilicia ( present - day Adana , southern ___MASK44___ ) . The founding ___MASK100___ this city is attributed in legend to the soothsayer , Mopsus , who lived before the Trojan war , although it is scarcely mentioned before the Christian era . Pliny the Elder calls it the free city ___MASK100___ Mopsos ( Hist . nat . , V , 22 ) , but the ordinary name is Mopsuestia , as found in Stephanus ___MASK100___ Byzantium and all the Christian geographers and chroniclers . Under the Seleucid Empire , the city took the name ___MASK100___ Seleucia on the Pyramus ( classical Greek :     , Seleukeia pros ton Pyramon ; Latin : Seleucia ad Pyramum ) , but gave it up at the time ___MASK100___ the Roman conquest ; under Hadrian it was called Hadriana , under Decius Decia , etc . , as we know from the inscriptions and the coins ___MASK100___ the city . Constantius II built there a magnificent bridge over the Pyramus ( Malalas , Chronographia , XIII ; P . G . , XCVII , 488 ) afterwards restored by Justinian ( Procopius , De Edificiis , V . 5 ) and has been restored again recently . Christianity seems to have been introduced very early into Mopsuestia and during the 3rd century there is mention ___MASK100___ a bishop , Theodorus , the adversary ___MASK100___ Paul ___MASK100___ Samosata . Other famous residents ___MASK100___ the early Christian period in the city ' s history include Saint Auxentius ( d . 360 ) , and Theodore , bishop from 392 -- 428 , the teacher ___MASK100___ Nestorius . The bishopric is included in the Catholic Church ' s list ___MASK100___ titular sees . The city was taken by the Arabs at the very beginning ___MASK100___ Islam ; in 686 all the surrounding forts were conquered by them and in 700 they fortified the city itself ( Theophanes , `` Chronogr . `` , A . M . 6178 , 6193 ) , which was known to the Arabs as al - Maah . Because ___MASK100___ its position on the frontier , the city was repeatedly fought over and was recaptured from time to time by the Byzantines : it was besieged in vain by the Byzantine troops ___MASK100___ John I Tzimisces in 964 but was taken the following year after a long and difficult siege by Nicephorus Phocas . Mopsuestia then numbered 200 , 000 inhabitants , some ___MASK100___ whom were Muslim , and the Byzantines made efforts to re - Christianize the city . Its river , the Pyramus , formed a great harbour extending twelve miles to the sea . In 1097 the Crusaders took possession ___MASK100___ the city and engaged in a fratricidal war under its walls ; it remained in the possession ___MASK100___ Tancred who annexed it to the Principality ___MASK100___ Antioch . It suffered much from internecine war between Crusaders , Armenians , and Greeks who lost it and recaptured it alternately notably in 1106 , in 1152 , and in 1171 . The Greeks finally abandoned it to the Armenians . Set on fire in 1266 , Mamistra , as it was called in the Middle Ages , became two years afterwards the capital ___MASK100___ the Armenian Kingdom ___MASK100___ Cilicia , at the time that a council was held there . Although it was by this time in a state ___MASK100___ decline it still possessed at least four Armenian churches , and the Greek diocese still existed at the beginning ___MASK100___ the fourteenth century ( Le Quien , Oriens Christianus , II , 1002 ) . In 1322 , the Armenians suffered a great defeat under its walls . In 1432 the Frenchman Bertrandon reported the city being ruled by the Muslims and largely destroyed . Since then it steadily declined and became , under the Turkish name Misis , a little village . Misis was renamed Yakapnar in the 1960s . Misis Mosaic Museum was founded in 1959 to exhibit the mosaics found in the area . The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment ___MASK100___ the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas , i . e ., between the mainlands ___MASK100___ Greece and ___MASK44___ . In the north , it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus . The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery , including Crete and Rhodes . ___MASK49___ , is a province of Turkey located in south - central Anatolia . With a population of 2 . 18 million , it is the sixth most populous province in Turkey . The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana , home to 79 % of the residents of the province . The province , geographically and as well as economically , is part of the Çukurova region together with the Mersin , Osmaniye and Hatay provinces . Western Asia , ___MASK60___ Asia , Southwestern Asia or ___MASK11___ Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia . The concept is in limited use , as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East ( or Near East ), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt ( which would be counted as part of North Africa ). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics . The Turkish Straits are a series ___MASK100___ internationally - significant waterways in northwestern ___MASK44___ that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea . ___MASK19___ is a major city in southern ___MASK44___ . The city is situated on the Seyhan river , inland from the Mediterranean Sea , in south - central Anatolia . It is the administrative seat of the ___MASK49___ and has a population of 1 . 7 million , making it the fifth most populous city in ___MASK44___ . ___MASK19___ - Mersin polycentric metropolitan area , with a population of 3 million , stretches over east - west and north - south ; encompassing the cities of Mersin , Tarsus and ___MASK19___ . The Mediterranean Sea ( pronounced ) is a sea connected to the ___MASK61___ , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern ___MASK29___ and ___MASK90___ , on the south by North Africa , and on the east by the Levant . The sea is sometimes considered a part of the ___MASK61___ , although it is usually identified as a separate body of water . A " metropolitan area ", sometimes referred to as a " metro area " or just " metro ", is a region consisting ___MASK100___ a densely populated urban core and its less - populated surrounding territories , sharing industry , infrastructure , and housing . A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities : neighborhoods , townships , boroughs , cities , towns , exurbs , suburbs , counties , districts , states , and even nations like the eurodistricts . As social , economic and political institutions have changed , metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions . Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas , as well as satellite cities , towns and intervening rural areas that are socio - economically tied to the urban core , typically measured by commuting patterns . ___MASK75___ ( tr . " Hayastan "), officially the Republic of ___MASK75___ ( tr . " Hayastani Hanrapetut  yun "), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia . Located in Western Asia on the " Armenian Highlands ", it is bordered by ___MASK44___ to the west , Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east , and Iran and Azerbaijan ' s exclave of Nakhchivan to the south . The Black Sea is a body ___MASK100___ water between Eastern ___MASK29___ and Western Asia , bounded by Bulgaria , Georgia , Romania , Russia , ___MASK44___ , and Ukraine . It is supplied by a number ___MASK100___ major rivers , such as the Danube , Dnieper , Rioni , Southern Bug , and Dniester . The Black Sea has an area ___MASK100___ ( not including the Sea ___MASK100___ Azov ), a maximum depth ___MASK100___ , and a volume ___MASK100___ . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east , and features a wide shelf to the northwest . The longest east - west extent is about . Eurasia is the combined continental landmass ___MASK100___ ___MASK29___ and Asia . The term is a portmanteau ___MASK100___ its constituent continents . Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres , it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the ___MASK60___ , the Pacific Ocean to the ___MASK55___ , the Arctic Ocean to the north , and by Africa , the Mediterranean Sea , and the ___MASK98___ Ocean to the south . The division between ___MASK29___ and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct , with no clear physical separation between them ; thus , in some parts ___MASK100___ the world , Eurasia is recognized as the largest ___MASK100___ five or six continents . In geology , Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock . However , the rigidity ___MASK100___ Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data . ___MASK64___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK64___ , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of ___MASK11___ Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west . ___MASK90___ ( from Greek , '  " east " or "( sun ) rise "; in modern ), in geography known as Asia Minor ( from '  " small Asia "; in modern ), Asian ___MASK44___ , Anatolian peninsula , or Anatolian plateau , is the westernmost protrusion of Asia , which makes up the majority of modern - day ___MASK44___ . The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , and the Aegean Sea to the west . The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates ___MASK90___ from Thrace on the European mainland . ___MASK21___ (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of ___MASK21___ ('; ') is a country in Western Asia , bordered by ___MASK44___ to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , ___MASK58___ to the southwest , and ___MASK66___ to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country ' s 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The official languages of ___MASK21___ are Arabic and Kurdish .