genre magnus lindberg
___MASK48___ ( English plural : " operas "; Italian plural : " opere " ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and musical score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional ___MASK48___ , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . ___MASK48___ incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an ___MASK48___ house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . The New York Philharmonic , officially the Philharmonic - ___MASK39___ ___MASK23___ of New York , Inc ., globally known as New York Philharmonic Orchestra ( NYPO ) or New York Philharmonic - ___MASK39___ Orchestra , is a symphony orchestra based in New York City in the United States . It is one of the leading American orchestras popularly referred to as the " Big Five ". The Philharmonic ' s home is David Geffen Hall , known as Avery Fisher Hall until September 2015 , located in New York ' s Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts . Magnus Gustaf Adolf Lindberg ( born 27 June 1958 ) is a Finnish composer and pianist . He was the New York Philharmonic ' s composer - in - residence from 2009 to 2012 and is the London Philharmonic ___MASK89___ ' s composer - in - residence from the beginning of the 2014 / 15 season . ___MASK49___ is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music , including both liturgical ( religious ) and secular music . While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 ( the Classical period ), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day , which includes the Classical period and various other periods . The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900 , which is known as the common - practice period . The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows : European art music is largely distinguished from many other non - European and some popular ___MASK35___ forms by its system of staff notation , in use since about the 16th century . Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches ( e . g ., melodies , basslines , chords ), tempo , meter and rhythms for a piece of music . This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and " ad libitum " ornamentation , which are frequently heard in non - European art music and in popular - music styles such as jazz and blues . Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song ( strophic ) form , classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of ___MASK10___ music such as the concerto , symphony , sonata , and mixed vocal and ___MASK10___ styles such as ___MASK48___ which , since they are written down , can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity . A ___MASK75___ ( also known as a chorale or chorus ) is a ___MASK35___ ensemble of singers . Choral music , in turn , is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform . Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire , which spans from the Medieval era to the present , and / or popular music repertoire . Most choirs are led by a conductor , who leads the performances with arm and face gestures . ___MASK6___ is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence , which exist in time . The common elements of ___MASK6___ are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ), ___MASK58___ ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ), dynamics ( loudness and softness ), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the " color " of a ___MASK35___ sound ). Different styles or types of ___MASK6___ may emphasize , de - emphasize or omit some of these elements . ___MASK6___ is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely ___MASK10___ pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without ___MASK10___ accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek  (" mousike "; " art of the Muses "). In its most general form , the activities describing ___MASK6___ as an art form include the production of works of ___MASK6___ ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ), the ___MASK22___ of ___MASK6___ , the study of the history of ___MASK6___ , and the aesthetic examination of ___MASK6___ . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined ___MASK6___ as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as " the harmony of the spheres " and " it is ___MASK6___ to my ears " point to the notion that ___MASK6___ is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th - century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be ___MASK6___ , saying , for example , " There is no noise , only sound ." A ___MASK90___ , most broadly , is a single ( and often standalone ) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a ___MASK64___ of forms that often include the repetition of sections . Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created , are called lyrics . If a pre - existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art ___MASK90___ . Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants . Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs . Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs . These songs , which have broad appeal , are often composed by professional songwriters , composers and lyricists . Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances . Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video ( or in some , cases , a ___MASK90___ may be performed live and simultaneously recorded ). Songs may also appear in plays , musical theatre , stage shows of any form , and within operas . An ___MASK10___ is a ___MASK35___ composition or recording without lyrics , or singing , although it might include some inarticulate vocals , such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting . The music is primarily or exclusively produced by ___MASK35___ instruments . An ___MASK10___ can exist in music notation , after it is written by a composer ; in the mind of the composer ( especially in cases where the composer herself will perform the piece , as in the case of a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player ); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a ___MASK35___ ensemble , which could range in size from a duo or trio to a large Big Band , concert band or orchestra . ___MASK6___ notation or ___MASK35___ notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written , printed , or otherwise - produced symbols , including ancient symbols or modern ___MASK35___ symbols and including ancient symbols cut into stone , made in clay tablets or made using a pen on papyrus , parchment or manuscript paper ; printed using a printing press ( ca . 1400s ), a computer printer ( ca . 1980s ) or other printing or modern copying technology . Types and methods of notation have varied between cultures and throughout history , and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary . Even in the same time period , such as in the 2010s , different styles of music and different cultures use different music notation methods ; for example , for professional classical music performers , sheet music using staves and note heads is the most common way of notating music , but for professional country music session musicians , the Nashville Number System is the main method . Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City . It hosts many notable performing arts organizations , which are nationally and internationally renowned , including the New York Philharmonic , the Metropolitan ___MASK48___ , and the New York City Ballet . David Geffen Hall is a ___MASK45___ hall in New York City ' s Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex on Manhattan ' s Upper West Side . The 2 , 738 seat auditorium opened in 1962 , and is the home of the New York Philharmonic . The London Philharmonic ___MASK89___ ( LPO ) is one of five permanent ___MASK39___ orchestras based in London . It was founded by the conductors Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a rival to the existing London ___MASK39___ and BBC ___MASK39___ Orchestras . The piano is an acoustic , stringed ___MASK35___ instrument , in which the strings are struck by hammers . It is played using a keyboard , which is a row of keys ( small levers ) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings . Invented in about 1700 ( the exact year is uncertain ), the piano is widely employed in classical , jazz , traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances , accompaniment , and for composing , songwriting and rehearsals . Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive ( in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments , such as the acoustic guitar ), its ___MASK35___ versatility ( i . e ., its wide pitch range , ability to ___MASK34___ chords with up to 10 notes , louder or softer notes and two or more independent ___MASK35___ lines at the same time ), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it , and its wide availability in performance venues , schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world ' s most familiar ___MASK35___ instruments . ___MASK100___ is a type of music performed by one or more singers , with or without instrumental accompaniment ( a cappella ), in which singing provides the main focus of the piece . Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered instrumental music ( e . g . the wordless women ' s choir in the final movement of Holst ' s The Planets ) as is music without singing . Music without any non - vocal instrumental accompaniment is referred to as " a cappella ". ___MASK17___ is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern ___MASK35___ symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ), rhythms and / or chords of a song or ___MASK10___ ___MASK35___ piece . Like its analogs  printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages  the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ), although the access to ___MASK35___ notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of ___MASK35___ notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , " ___MASK34___ back " the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments . Sir Harold Malcolm Watts Sargent ( 29 April 1895  3 October 1967 ) was an English conductor , organist and composer widely regarded as Britain ' s leading conductor of choral works . The ___MASK35___ ensembles with which he was associated included the Ballets Russes , the Huddersfield Choral Society , the Royal Choral Society , the D ' Oyly Carte ___MASK48___ Company , and the London Philharmonic , Hallé , Liverpool Philharmonic , BBC Symphony and Royal Philharmonic orchestras . Sargent was held in high esteem by choirs and instrumental soloists , but because of his high standards and a statement that he made in a 1936 interview disputing musicians ' rights to tenure , his relationship with orchestral players was often uneasy . Despite this , he was co - founder of the London Philharmonic , was the first conductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic as a full - time ensemble , and played an important part in saving the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from disbandment in the 1960s . An ___MASK89___ is a large ___MASK10___ ensemble typical of ___MASK49___ , which features string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and ___MASK43___ instruments , grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances of some modern compositions , electronic instruments . An ___MASK80___ ___MASK90___ is a ___MASK100___ composition , usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment , and usually in the classical ___MASK80___ music tradition . By extension , the term " ___MASK80___ ___MASK90___ " is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs ( e . g ., the " ___MASK80___ ___MASK90___ repertoire "). An ___MASK80___ ___MASK90___ is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text , " intended for the concert repertory " " as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion ". While many pieces of ___MASK100___ are easily recognized as ___MASK80___ songs , others are more difficult to categorize . For example , a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an ___MASK80___ ___MASK90___ and sometimes not . The BBC ___MASK39___ Orchestra ( BBC SO ) is a British orchestra based in London . Founded in 1930 , it was the first permanent salaried orchestra in London , and is the only one of the city ' s five major ___MASK39___ orchestras not to be self - governing . The BBC SO is the principal orchestra of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ). A ___MASK54___ is a ___MASK35___ ensemble of four string players  two violin players , a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group . The ___MASK54___ is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music , with most major composers , from the mid to late 18th century onwards , writing string quartets . A composer ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a person who creates or writes ___MASK6___ , which can be ___MASK100___ ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental ___MASK6___ ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or ___MASK6___ which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., ___MASK48___ or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical ___MASK6___ through creation of works expressed in written musical notation ( e . g ., sheet ___MASK6___ scores ).