place_of_birth miroslav of hum
The ___MASK22___ , also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire , was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was ___MASK16___ ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as Byzantium ). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 . During most of its existence , the empire was the most powerful economic , cultural , and military force in Europe . Both " ___MASK22___ " and " Eastern Roman Empire " are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the " Roman Empire " ( tr . ), or " Romania ", and to themselves as " Romans ". ___MASK29___ proper is one of the four historical regions of the Republic of ___MASK29___ , together with Dalmatia , Slavonia , and Istria . It is located between Slavonia in the east , the Adriatic Sea in the west , and Dalmatia to the south . The region is not officially defined , and its borders and extent are described differently by various sources . ___MASK29___ proper is the most significant economic area of the country , contributing well over 50 % of ___MASK29___ ' s gross domestic product . The capital of both ___MASK29___ proper , and the Republic of ___MASK29___ , Zagreb , is the largest city and most important economic centre in the region . Zahumlje , also Hum , was a medieval principality located in the modern - day regions ___MASK87___ ___MASK97___ and southern Dalmatia ( today parts ___MASK87___ ___MASK99___ and ___MASK29___ , respectively ). While sometimes a fully independent or semi - independent Slavic entity , Zahumlje was mainly under foreign powers ; the Byzantine Empire , Kingdom ___MASK87___ ___MASK29___ , Kingdom ___MASK87___ Serbia , ___MASK31___ , Kingdom ___MASK87___ Bosnia and at the end under the Ottoman Empire . Primogeniture is the right , by law or custom , ___MASK87___ the legitimate , firstborn son to inherit his ___MASK23___ ' s entire or main estate , in preference to daughters , elder illegitimate sons , younger sons and collateral relatives . The son ___MASK87___ a deceased elder brother inherits before a living younger brother by right ___MASK87___ substitution for the deceased heir . In the absence ___MASK87___ any children , brothers succeed , individually , to the inheritance by seniority ___MASK87___ age ( subject to substitution ). Among siblings , sons inherit before daughters . In the absence ___MASK87___ ___MASK68___ descendants in the ___MASK68___ - line , there are variations ___MASK87___ primogeniture which allocate the inheritance to a daughter or a brother or , in the absence ___MASK87___ either , to another collateral relative , in a specified order ( e . g . ___MASK68___ - preference primogeniture , Salic primogeniture , semi - Salic primogeniture ). Historical regions ( or historical countries ) are delimitations ___MASK87___ geographic areas for studying and analysing social development ___MASK87___ period - specific cultures without any reference to contemporary political , economic or social organisations . The fundamental principle underlying this view is that older political and mental structures exist which exercise greater influence on the spatial - social identity ___MASK87___ individuals than is understood by the contemporary world , bound to and often blinded by its own worldview - e . g . the focus on the nation - state . Definitions ___MASK87___ regions vary , and regions can include macroregions such as Europe , territories ___MASK87___ traditional states , or smaller microregional areas . A geographic proximity is the often required precondition for emergence ___MASK87___ a regional identity . In Europe the regional identities are often derived from the Migration Period , but for the contemporary perspective are related to the 1918 - 1920 ___MASK83___ ___MASK87___ territorial transformation , and another in the post - Cold War period . ___MASK44___ (; see names in other languages ) is one ___MASK87___ the four historical regions ___MASK87___ ___MASK29___ , alongside ___MASK29___ proper , Slavonia , and Istria . ___MASK97___ ( or ; Bosnian , Croatian and Serbian : " Hercegovina ",  ) is the southern region of ___MASK99___ . While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region , it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are ___MASK29___ to the southwest , Montenegro to the east , Mount Magli to the northeast , and Mount Ivan to the north . Measurements of the area range from , or around 22 % of the total area of the present - day country , to , around 24 % of the country . ___MASK29___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK29___ , is a sovereign state between Central Europe , Southeast Europe , and the Mediterranean . Its capital city is Zagreb , which forms one of the country ' s primary subdivisions , along with its twenty counties . ___MASK29___ covers and has diverse , mostly continental and Mediterranean climates . ___MASK29___ ' s Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands . The country ' s population is 4 . 28 million , most of whom are Croats , with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism . ___MASK99___ ( or ; B & H ; Bosnian , Croatian , Serbian : " Bosna i Hercegovina " / a   ), sometimes called Bosnia - Herzegovina ( BiH ), and , in short , often known informally as Bosnia , is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bordered by ___MASK29___ to the north , west , and south ; Serbia to the east ; Montenegro to the southeast ; and the Adriatic Sea to the south , with a coastline about long surrounding the city of Neum . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest it is moderately hilly , and the northeast is predominantly flatland . The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography . In geography , regions are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography ), human impact characteristics ( human geography ), and the interaction ___MASK87___ humanity and the environment ( environmental geography ). Geographic regions and sub - regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined , and sometimes transitory boundaries , except in human geography , where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law . The ___MASK96___ ('; Modern Turkish : ' or '), also known as the Turkish Empire , Ottoman ___MASK91___ , was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman . After 1354 , the Ottomans crossed into Europe , and with the conquest of the Balkans the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire . The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of ___MASK16___ by Mehmed the Conqueror . ___MASK56___ ( or or ; Montenegrin : " Crna Gora " /   , meaning " Black Mountain ") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe . It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south - west and is bordered by ___MASK29___ to the west , Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest , Serbia to the northeast , Kosovo to the east , and Albania to the south - east . Its capital and largest city is ___MASK26___ , while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital (" prijestonica "). An appanage or apanage ( pronounced ) or is the ___MASK89___ ___MASK87___ an estate , title , office , or other thing ___MASK87___ value to a younger ___MASK68___ child ___MASK87___ a sovereign , who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system ___MASK87___ primogeniture . It was common in much ___MASK87___ Europe . Miroslav Zavidovi or Miroslav ___MASK87___ Hum ( Serbian :   ) was a 12th - century Great Prince (   ) ___MASK87___ Zachlumia from 1162 to 1190 , an administrative division ( appanage ) ___MASK87___ the medieval Serbian Principality ( Rascia ) covering ___MASK97___ and southern Dalmatia . ___MASK17___ is , with Dalmatia , ___MASK29___ proper , and Istria , one of the four historical regions of ___MASK29___ . Taking up the east of the country , it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties : Brod - Posavina , Osijek - Baranja , Požega - ___MASK17___ , Virovitica - Podravina and ___MASK37___ - Srijem , although the territory of the counties includes Baranya , and the definition of the western extent of ___MASK17___ as a region varies . The counties cover or 22 . 2 % of ___MASK29___ , inhabited by 806 , 192  18 . 8 % of ___MASK29___ ' s population . The largest city in the region is Osijek , followed by Slavonski Brod and Vinkovci . It is located in the Pannonian Basin , largely bordered by the Danube , Drava and Sava rivers . In the west , the region consists of the Sava and Drava valleys , and the mountains surrounding the Požega Valley , and plains in the east . ___MASK17___ enjoys a moderate continental climate , with relatively low precipitation . ___MASK77___ ( Croatian , Slovene : " ___MASK81___ "; Istriot : " Eîstria "; German : " Istrien "), formerly " Histria " ( Latin ), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea . The peninsula is located at the head ___MASK87___ the Adriatic between the Gulf ___MASK87___ ___MASK94___ and the Kvarner Gulf . It is shared by three countries : ___MASK29___ , Slovenia , and Italy . South is a noun , adjective , or adverb indicating direction or geography . It is one ___MASK87___ the four cardinal directions or compass points . South is the polar opposite ___MASK87___ north and is perpendicular to east and west . The Kingdom ___MASK87___ ___MASK35___ was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century ( 1000  1946 with the exception ___MASK87___ 1918  1920 ). The Principality ___MASK87___ ___MASK35___ emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation ___MASK87___ the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000 ; his family ( the Árpád dynasty ) led the monarchy for 300 years . By the 12th century , the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world . The Kingdom ___MASK87___ ___MASK25___ ( Bosnian : " Bosansko kraljevstvo ,   ") was a medieval kingdom that evolved from the Banate ___MASK87___ ___MASK25___ ( 1154  1377 ). ___MASK25___ enjoyed de facto independence in the 13th and 14th centuries despite being a part ___MASK87___ the Hungarian Crown Lands . Its difficult terrain and remoteness enabled the Bosnians to maneuver between their two powerful neighbors , ___MASK35___ and ___MASK21___ , usually managing to avoid subordination to either . Several capable rulers allowed ___MASK25___ briefly to play the role ___MASK87___ a regional power in the 14th century . After 1290 , ___MASK25___ enjoyed virtual independence from ___MASK35___ and gained significant territory in Dalmatia at ___MASK21___ ' s expense . King Tvrtko I ( r . 1353  91 ) acquired portions ___MASK87___ western ___MASK21___ and most ___MASK87___ the Adriatic coast south ___MASK87___ the Neretva river : during the latter part ___MASK87___ his reign , ___MASK25___ briefly became the strongest state in the Balkans peninsula . However , feudal fragmentation remained ___MASK33___ in ___MASK25___ , and after his death the country lost its importance . The Ottoman Empire annexed portions ___MASK87___ eastern ___MASK25___ in the 1440s and 1450s , and went on to conquer Herzegovina until the last fortress fell in 1481 . ___MASK21___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK21___ , is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe , covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans . Relative to its small territory , it is a diverse country distinguished by a " transitional " character , situated along cultural , geographic , climatic and other boundaries . ___MASK21___ is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north ; Romania and Bulgaria to the east ; Macedonia to the south ; and ___MASK29___ , Bosnia - Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southwest ; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo . ___MASK21___ numbers around 7 million residents , and its capital , Belgrade , ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe .