place_of_birth silvia lazarte
Orinoca is a district (" cantón ") in the Andamarca Municipality in the Bolivian Sud Carangas Province in ___MASK66___ Department . Silvia Lazarte ( born 1964 ) , a Bolivian Indigenous woman from Quechua ancestry , became the President ___MASK62___ the Constituent Assembly on August 6 , 2006 . Ms . Lazarte is a peasant leader representing the Santa Cruz department , although she was born in the Cochabamba Department . She became the principal authority ___MASK62___ this important conclave through an agreement between social organizations and President Evo Morales that considered the presence ___MASK62___ an Indigenous woman to be ___MASK62___ capital importance in the design ___MASK62___ a new State . Silvia Lazarte was previously a coca - leave grower ' s leader and declared , when sworn in as the Constituent Assembly : `` We all have to think with our hearts ; we women and men legislators have to think how to end our differences '' At the time ___MASK62___ her becoming President ___MASK62___ the Constituent Assembly , she was 42 years old and she was founder and Executive Secretary ___MASK62___ the Central New Chapare Federation for Women . Cocaleros are the coca leaf growers ___MASK62___ Peru and ___MASK51___ . In response to U . S .- funded attempts to eradicate and fumigate coca crops in the Chapare region ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ , cocaleros joined with other grassroots indigenous organizations in the country , such as unionized mine workers and peasants to contest the government . Evo Morales , who became president ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ in 2006 , is a leader ___MASK62___ the cocalero movement in that country . The term " pink tide " or " turn to the Left " ( Sp .: " vuelta hacia la izquierda ", Pt .: " Guinada à Esquerda ") are phrases used in contemporary 21st century political analysis in the ___MASK61___ and elsewhere to describe the perception ___MASK62___ a turn towards left wing governments in Latin - American democracies straying away from the then more frequent neo - liberal economic model . This occurred primarily between 1998 and 2009 , entering in relative stagnation and decline afterwards . The President ___MASK62___ the Plurinational State ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ or President ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ , is head ___MASK62___ state and head ___MASK62___ government ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ . According to the current Constitution , the president is elected by popular vote to a five - year term , renewable once . Since 2009 , if no candidate wins a majority , the top two candidates advance to a runoff election . Prior to 2009 , if no candidate won half the popular vote , the president was chosen by a vote in a joint legislative session from among the top two candidates ( prior to 1995 , the top three candidates were eligible ). The " International Monetary Fund " ( IMF ) is an international organization headquartered in ___MASK7___ , D . C ., of " 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation , secure financial stability , facilitate international trade , promote high employment and sustainable economic growth , and reduce poverty around the world ." Formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes , it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system . It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises . Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money . , the fund had SDR 477 billion ( about $ 668 billion ). The Bank ___MASK62___ the South or BancoSur is a monetary fund and lending organization established on 26 September 2009 by Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Ecuador , ___MASK51___ and Venezuela with an initial capital ___MASK62___ US $ 20 billion . Argentina , Venezuela , and Brazil were to have each pledged $ 4 billion , and Uruguay , Ecuador , Paraguay and ___MASK51___ were to have contributed smaller amounts . The intention ___MASK62___ the bank is to lend money to nations in the Americas for the construction ___MASK62___ social programs and infrastructure . Neoliberalism ( neo - liberalism ) refers primarily to the 20th century resurgence ___MASK62___ 19th century ideas associated with " laissez - faire " economic liberalism . These include extensive economic liberalization policies such as privatization , fiscal austerity , deregulation , free trade , and reductions in government spending in order to increase the role ___MASK62___ the private sector in the economy and society . These market - based ideas and the policies they inspired constitute a paradigm shift away from the post - war Keynesian consensus which lasted from 1945 to 1980 . The implementation ___MASK62___ neoliberal policies and the acceptance ___MASK62___ neoliberal economic theories in the 1970s are seen by some academics as the root ___MASK62___ financialization , with the financial crisis ___MASK62___ 2007  08 as one ___MASK62___ the ultimate results . Juan Evo ___MASK11___ Ayma ( born October 26 , 1959 ), popularly known as Evo , is a Bolivian politician and cocalero activist who has served as President ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ since 2006 . Widely regarded as the country ' s first president to come from the indigenous population , his administration has focused on the implementation ___MASK62___ leftist policies through authoritarian means , poverty reduction , and combating the alleged influence ___MASK62___ the United States and multinational corporations in ___MASK51___ . A self - declared Marxist - Leninist , ___MASK11___ is the head ___MASK62___ the Movement for Socialism ( MAS ) party . Born to an Aymara family ___MASK62___ subsistence farmers in Isallawi , Orinoca Canton , ___MASK11___ undertook a basic education before mandatory military service , in 1978 moving to Chapare Province . Growing coca and becoming a trade unionist , he rose to prominence in the " campesino " (" rural laborers ") union , campaigning against U . S . and Bolivian attempts to eradicate coca as a part ___MASK62___ the War on Drugs , which he denounced as an imperialist violation ___MASK62___ indigenous Andean culture . He repeatedly engaged in anti - government , violent direct action protests , resulting in multiple arrests . ___MASK11___ entered electoral politics in 1995 , became the leader ___MASK62___ the MAS and was elected to Congress . His campaign focused on issues affecting indigenous and poor communities , advocating land reform and redistribution ___MASK62___ gas wealth . He gained increased visibility through the Cochabamba protests and gas conflict . In 2002 he was expelled from Congress for encouraging protesters , although he came second in that year ' s presidential election . Once elected in 2005 , ___MASK11___ increased taxation on the hydrocarbon industry to bolster social spending , emphasising projects to combat illiteracy , poverty , racism , and sexism . Vocally criticizing neoliberalism and reducing dependence on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund , his administration oversaw strong economic growth while following a policy termed " Evonomics " which sought to move from a liberal economic approach to a mixed economy . Scaling back U . S . influence in the country , he built relationships with authoritarian leftist governments in the Latin American pink tide and signed ___MASK51___ into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas . Attempting to moderate the left - indigenous activist community , his administration also opposed the autonomist demands ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ ' s eastern provinces . Winning a recall referendum in 2008 , he instituted a new constitution that established ___MASK51___ as a plurinational state and was re - elected in 2009 . His second term witnessed the continuation ___MASK62___ leftist policies and ___MASK51___ ' s joining ___MASK62___ the Bank ___MASK62___ the South and Community ___MASK62___ Latin American and Caribbean States . After becoming the world ' s oldest professional footballer by signing to a Bolivian team , he was again reelected in the 2014 general election . ___MASK11___ has become known for making colorful remarks during official events . These statements have been termed by locals as " Evadas ." Among the most colorful are ___MASK11___ ' claim that male pattern baldness and homosexuality are caused by eating chicken infused with female hormones , and that whenever he arrives at a rural village " all the women get pregnant , and their bellies say ' Evo fulfills .'" ___MASK11___ has been praised for significantly reducing poverty and illiteracy in ___MASK51___ and has been internationally decorated with various awards . His supporters have lauded him as a champion ___MASK62___ indigenous rights , anti - imperialism , and environmentalism . Alternately , a number ___MASK62___ leftist , indigenous , and environmentalist critics have accused him ___MASK62___ failing to live up to many ___MASK62___ his espoused values , while right - wing opponents have accused him ___MASK62___ being excessively radical and authoritarian and claimed that his defence ___MASK62___ coca contributes to illegal cocaine production . Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition ___MASK62___ the specific condition ___MASK62___ the indigenous peoples . This includes not only the most basic human rights ___MASK62___ physical survival and integrity , but also the preservation ___MASK62___ their land , language , religion , and other elements ___MASK62___ cultural heritage that are a part ___MASK62___ their existence as a people . This can be used as an expression for advocacy ___MASK62___ social organizations or form a part ___MASK62___ the national law in establishing the relation between a government and the right ___MASK62___ self - determination among the indigenous people living within its borders , or in international law as a protection against violation by actions ___MASK62___ governments or groups ___MASK62___ private interests . Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy , ideology , and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement ___MASK62___ the health ___MASK62___ the environment , particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the concerns ___MASK62___ non - human elements . Environmentalism advocates the lawful preservation , restoration and / or improvement ___MASK62___ the natural environment , and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution or protect plant and animal diversity . For this reason , concepts such as a land ethic , environmental ethics , biodiversity , ecology , and the biophilia hypothesis figure predominantly . A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed . Ancient or primitive granaries are ___MASK43___ often ___MASK8___ out ___MASK62___ pottery . Granaries are often built above the ground to keep the stored food away from mice and other animals . Chapare , also called The Chapare and is pronounced Cha - pa - reh , is a rural province in the ___MASK47___ of Cochabamba Department in central ___MASK51___ . The majority of the territory consists of valley rainforests that surround the area ' s main waterway , the Chapare River , which is also a tributary of the Amazon River . The provincial capital is Sacaba , 11 km east of Cochabamba , its principal town is ___MASK65___ , a popular tourist destination . ___MASK51___ (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of ___MASK51___ , is a landlocked country located in western - central South America . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One - third of the country is the Andean mountain range , with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers , El Alto , located on the Altiplano . ___MASK51___ is one of two landlocked countries ( the other is Paraguay ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . ___MASK51___ is the largest landlocked country in the Americas . Coca is any ___MASK62___ the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae , native to western ___MASK67___ . " The War on Drugs " is an American term usually applied to the United States government ' s campaign ___MASK62___ prohibition ___MASK62___ drugs , military aid , and military intervention , with the stated aim being to reduce the illegal drug trade . This initiative includes a set ___MASK62___ drug policies that are intended to discourage the production , distribution , and consumption ___MASK62___ psychoactive drugs that the participating governments and the UN have made illegal . The term was popularized by the media shortly after a press conference given on June 18 , 1971 , by United States President Richard Nixon  the day after publication ___MASK62___ a special message from President Nixon to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control  during which he declared drug abuse " public enemy number one ". That message to the Congress included text about devoting more federal resources to the " prevention ___MASK62___ new addicts , and the rehabilitation ___MASK62___ those who are addicted ", but that part did not receive the same public attention as the term " war on drugs ". However , two years prior to this , Nixon had formally declared a " war on drugs " that would be directed toward eradication , interdiction , and incarceration . Today , the Drug Policy Alliance , which advocates for an end to the War on Drugs , estimates that the United States spends $ 51 billion annually on these initiatives . In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely ___MASK62___ hydrogen and carbon , and thus are group 14 hydrides . Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups , called hydrocarbyls . Aromatic hydrocarbons ( arenes ), alkanes , alkenes , cycloalkanes and alkyne - based compounds are different types ___MASK62___ hydrocarbons . Cocaine , also known as coke , is a ___MASK20___ stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug . It is commonly snorted , inhaled , or injected into the veins . Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality , an intense feeling of happiness , or agitation . Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate , sweating , and large pupils . High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature . Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes . Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery . Cocaine is addictive due to its effect on the reward pathway in the brain . After a short period of use , there is a high risk that dependence will occur . Its use also increases the risk of stroke , myocardial infarction , lung problems in those who smoke it , blood infections , and sudden cardiac death . Cocaine sold on the street is commonly mixed with local anesthetics , cornstarch , quinine , or sugar which can result in additional toxicity . Following repeated doses a person may have decreased ability to feel pleasure and be very physically tired . Cocaine acts by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin , norepinephrine , and dopamine . This results in greater concentrations of these three neurotransmitters in the brain . It can easily cross the blood  brain barrier and may lead to the breakdown of the barrier . Cocaine is made from the leaves of the " coca " plant which are mostly grown in ___MASK67___ . In 2013 , 419 kilograms were produced legally . It is estimated that the illegal market for cocaine is 100 to 500 billion USD each year . With further processing crack cocaine can be produced from cocaine . After cannabis , cocaine is the most frequently used illegal drug globally . Between 14 and 21 million people use the drug each year . Use is highest in North America followed by Europe and ___MASK67___ . Between one and three percent of people in the developed world have used cocaine at some point in their life . In 2013 cocaine use directly resulted in 4 , 300 deaths , up from 2 , 400 in 1990 . The leaves of the " coca " plant have been used by Peruvians since ancient times . Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860 . Since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime . ___MASK90___ is a city in central ___MASK51___ , in a valley with the same name , in the Andes mountain range . It is the capital of the ___MASK90___ Department and is the fourth largest city in ___MASK51___ , with a population of 630 , 587 according to the 2012 Bolivian census . Its name is from a compound of the Quechua words " qucha ", meaning " lake ", and " pampa ", " open plain ". Residents of the city and surrounding areas are commonly referred to as " Cochalas ". ___MASK90___ , from Quechua " qucha " or " qhucha ", meaning " lake ", " ___MASK5___ " meaning " plain ", is one ___MASK62___ the nine departments ___MASK62___ ___MASK51___ . It is known to be the " granary " ___MASK62___ the country because ___MASK62___ its variety ___MASK62___ agricultural products from its geographical position . It has an area ___MASK62___ 55 , 631 km² . Its population in the 2012 census was 1 , 758 , 143 . Its capital is the city ___MASK62___ ___MASK90___ , known as the " City ___MASK62___ Eternal Spring " and " The Garden City " because ___MASK62___ its spring - like temperatures all year . A mixed economy is defined as an economic system consisting ___MASK62___ a mixture ___MASK62___ either markets and economic planning , public ownership and private ownership , or markets and economic interventionism . However , in most cases , " mixed economy " refers to market economies with ___MASK20___ regulatory oversight and governmental provision ___MASK62___ public goods , although some mixed economies also feature a number ___MASK62___ state - run enterprises .