occupation philip i philadelphus
Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia , on the East ___MASK55___ of the Jordan River . Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south , Iraq to the north - east , Syria to the north , Israel , Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south - west . Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia , Africa and Europe . The capital , Amman , is Jordan ' s most populous city as well as the country ' s economic , political and cultural centre . Philip I Philadelphus ( Greek :   '   , `` Philip the brother - loving '' ) , a ___MASK84___ of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom , was the fourth son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and his wife Tryphaena . Philip I took the diadem in 95 BC together with his brother ( probably twin ) Antiochus XI Ephiphanes , after the eldest son Seleucus VI Epiphanes was killed by their cousin Antiochus X Eusebes . He established himself in Antiochia after 92 BC and survived attacks from younger brother Demetrius III Eucaerus . His rule was ended in 83 BC when Tigranes conquered Syria , or earlier . He disappears from history at that point , but coins bearing his portrait were issued by later Roman authorities . Syria , officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia , bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south , and Israel to the southwest . Syria ' s capital and largest city is Damascus . Cleopatra Thea ( which means " Cleopatra the Goddess "; c . 164  121 BC ) surnamed Eueteria ( i . e ., " good - harvest / fruitful season ") was the ___MASK84___ of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire . She ruled Syria from 125 BC after the death of Demetrius II Nicator . She eventually ruled in co - regency with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus until 121 or 120 BC . Lebanon , officially known as the Lebanese Republic , is a ___MASK16___ state in Western Asia . It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south , while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea . Lebanon ' s location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity . At just 10 , 452 km ( 4 , 036 sq . mi .), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent . Damascus (' ) is the capital and likely the largest city of Syria , following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the ongoing battle for the city . It is commonly known in Syria as " ash - Sham " (') and nicknamed as the " City of Jasmine " (""). In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world , Damascus is a ___MASK31___ cultural and religious centre of the Levant . The city has an estimated population of 1 , 711 , 000 . Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest , and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country ' s 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The ___MASK60___ languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nikator ( Greek :   ), ___MASK84___ of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom , was the oldest son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and his wife Tryphaena . Israel , officially known as the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East , on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West ___MASK55___ and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel ' s financial and technology center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state ' s sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized . Antiochus VIII Epiphanes / Callinicus / Philometor , nicknamed " Grypus " ( hook - nose ), was crowned as ___MASK84___ of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 125 BC . He was the son of Demetrius II Nicator and Cleopatra Thea . Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator , ___MASK84___ of the Greek Seleucid kingdom , was a contestant in the tangled - up family feuds among the last Seleucids . The araB gene ___MASK33___ is a bacterial ___MASK33___ , activated by e L - arabinose binding . Demetrius III ( died 88 BC ), called Eucaerus (" well - timed " possibly a misunderstanding of the derogative name " Akairos ", " the untimely one "), Philopator and Soter , was a ___MASK84___ of the Seleucid kingdom , the son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and his wife Tryphaena .