located_on_terrain_feature agathonisi
Turkey , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : ), is a transcontinental country in ___MASK24___ , mainly in Anatolia in Western ___MASK86___ , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Turkey is bordered by eight countries : Greece to the west ; Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; and Iraq and Syria to the south . The ___MASK83___ is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and ___MASK86___ . Turkey ' s location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history . A continent is one of several very large landmasses on ___MASK93___ . Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria , up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents . Ordered from largest in size to smallest , they are : ___MASK86___ , Africa , North America , ___MASK76___ , Antarctica , Europe , and Australia . In geology , areas of continental crust include regions covered with water . A castle ( from ) is a type of fortified structure built in ___MASK38___ and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility . Scholars debate the scope of the word " castle ", but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble . This is distinct from a palace , which is not fortified ; from a fortress , which was not always a residence for nobility ; and from a fortified settlement , which was a public defence  though there are many similarities among these types of construction . Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses . Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built , they took on a great many forms with many different features , although some , such as curtain walls and arrowslits , were commonplace . Southern Sporades ( Greek " Nóties Sporádes ") are Greek islands situated between the Cyclades and Turkey . They correspond to the Dodecanese plus a few northern islands ( especially ___MASK48___ and Ikaria ). Also included by some geographers are the islands of Chios and Lesbos . The ___MASK83___ is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas , i . e ., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey . In the north , it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus . The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery , including Crete and Rhodes . Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of ___MASK93___ ' s streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is HO , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ). It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . ___MASK70___ (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe . ___MASK70___ ' s population is approximately 10 . 955 million as of 2015 . ___MASK49___ is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Agathonísi ( Greek :  ) is a small Greek island and municipality located at the northernmost point of the Dodecanese in ___MASK70___ . It is surrounded by many smaller islands and is home to two villages , both inland ; Megálo Chorió ( `` Big Village '' ) , and Mikró Chorió ( `` Small Village '' ) . Between them is the small settlement of Agios Georgios ( Saint George ) , which forms the island ' s only harbor and consists of a few hotels and restaurants . The island is also locally known as Gaidaro ( `` Donkey '' ) , or by its ancient name Tragea . The highest point on the island is 209 metres ( 686 feet ) above sea level . This peak is located close to Mikro Chorio . The island covers an area of 13 . 5 square kilometres ( 5 . 2 square miles ) . It is made almost entirely of subcrystalline stratified limestones , and is covered with thorny macchia . In the late 1920s the island had 80 inhabitants , active in agriculture and sheep rearing . A census of the island in 1981 showed that it was populated by 133 people . In 1991 , another census showed that the population had dropped to 112 . By the 2001 census it had again risen to 158 residents , and in 2011 its population was 185 , 168 of whom lived in Megálo Chorió , and only 17 in Mikró Chorió . The municipality of Agathonisi , which includes the uninhabited offshore islets of Gláros , Kounéli , Nerá , and Psathonísio , has a combined land area of 14 , 500 square kilometres ( 5 , 598 square miles ) . The Philippines , officially the Republic of the Philippines , is a sovereign island country in Southeast ___MASK86___ situated in the western Pacific Ocean . It consists of about 7 , 641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South ___MASK46___ Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . Thessaloniki is the second - largest city in ___MASK70___ and the capital of Greek Macedonia , the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace . Its nickname is   (" Symprotévousa "), literally " the co - capital ", a reference to its historical status as the  (" Symvasilévousa ") or " co - reigning " city of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire , alongside Constantinople . The Dodecanese (" Dodekánisa ", , literally ' twelve islands ') are a group of 15 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the southeastern ___MASK83___ , off the coast of Asia Minor ( Turkey ), of which 26 are inhabited . his island group generally defines the eastern limit of the Sea of Crete . They belong to the wider Southern Sporades island group . They have a rich history , and many of even the smallest inhabited islands boast dozens of Byzantine churches and medieval castles . A cay ( or ), also spelled caye or key , is a small , low - elevation , sandy island on the surface of a coral reef . Cays occur in tropical environments throughout the Pacific , Atlantic and Indian Oceans ( including in the ___MASK2___ and on the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef ). An archipelago , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection of islands . The word " archipelago " is derived from the Greek "  -  arkhi -" (" chief ") and "   pélagos " (" sea ") through the Italian " arcipelago ". In Italian , possibly following a tradition of antiquity , the Archipelago ( from medieval Greek "*  " and Latin " archipelagus ") was the proper name for the ___MASK83___ and , later , usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ). It is now used to refer to any island group or , sometimes , to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands . The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union : Austria , ___MASK29___ , ___MASK67___ , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , ___MASK97___ , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , ___MASK11___ , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . ___MASK49___ (" Athína " ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . ___MASK49___ dominates the Attica region and is one of the world ' s oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3 , 400 years , and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC . Classical ___MASK49___ was a powerful city - state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus , which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with ___MASK49___ . A centre for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato ' s Academy and Aristotle ' s Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , ___MASK49___ is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . In 2015 , ___MASK49___ was ranked the world ' s 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study . ___MASK38___ is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of ___MASK24___ . ___MASK38___ is bordered by the ___MASK72___ to the north , the ___MASK79___ to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , ___MASK38___ is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of ___MASK38___  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to ___MASK38___ also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . An island or isle is any piece of sub - continental land that is surrounded by water . Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets , skerries , cays or keys . An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait , and a small island off the ___MASK74___ may be called a holm . A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago , e . g . the Philippines . Lake Island is an island on the ___MASK74___ of the Canadian province of ___MASK17___ . It is located between Mathieson Channel and Lady Trutch Passage , and is flanked by Dowager Island ( to the northwest ), Lady Douglas Island ( to the west ), and a long finger shaped peninsula of the Canadian mainland to the east . Ironically , Lake Island is not a lake island , as it is in an inlet of the ___MASK95___ , and lies only some 6 kilometres from the open sea . ___MASK84___ ("" ; Ancient Greek : , " Krt ") is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands , 88th - largest island in the world and the fifth - largest island in the ___MASK66___ , after ___MASK45___ , Sardinia , ___MASK67___ , and ___MASK91___ . ___MASK84___ and a number of surrounding islands and islets constitute the region of ___MASK84___ , one of the 13 top - level administrative units of Greece . The capital and the largest city is Heraklion . , the region had a population of 623 , 065 . The ___MASK61___ (" Kritiko Pelagos ") is a sea , part of the ___MASK83___ , located in its Southern extremity . The sea stretches to the North of the island of Crete , East of the islands of Kythera and Antikythera , South of the Cyclades , and West of the Dodecanese islands of Rhodes , Karpathos and Kassos . The bounding sea to the West is the Ionian Sea . To the Northwest is the Myrtoan Sea - between Peloponnese and the Cyclades , also part of the ___MASK83___ . To the East - SE is the rest of the Mediterranean Sea , sometimes credited as the Levantine Sea . Across the island of Crete , to the opposite shore of it begins the Libyan Sea . Ferry routes to and from Piraeus and Heraklion , as well as the Southern islands of the Aegean and the Dodecanese , run in this area . Just off the coastline of Northeastern Crete the sea reaches a maximum depth of near 3 , 294 m ( 10 , 000 ft .) Other sources ( maps ) show a maximum depth of 2 , 591 m .( 8 , 500 ft .)