instance_of avro antelope
The ton is a unit of measure . It has a long ___MASK12___ and has acquired a number of meanings and uses over the years . It is used principally as a unit of mass . Its original use as a measurement of volume has continued in the capacity of cargo ships and in terms such as the freight ton . It can also be used as a measure of energy , for truck classification , or as a colloquial term . A ___MASK9___ is a combat ___MASK36___ designed to attack ground and sea targets by dropping air - to - ground weaponry , firing torpedoes or deploying air - launched cruise missiles . The ___MASK59___ of Britain ( German : " die Luftschlacht um England ", literally " Air ___MASK59___ for England ") was a combat of the Second World War , when the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) defended the United Kingdom ( UK ) against the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe ) attacks from the end of June 1940 . It is described as the first major campaign fought entirely by air forces . The British officially recognise its duration as from 10 July until 31 October 1940 that overlaps with the period of large - scale night attacks known as the Blitz , while German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard it as a campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941 . The Hawker Hart was a British ___MASK61___ - seater ___MASK31___ light bomber ___MASK36___ of the Royal Air Force ( RAF ). It was designed during the 1920s by Sydney Camm and manufactured by Hawker ___MASK36___ . The Hart was a prominent British ___MASK36___ in the inter - war period , but was obsolete and already side - lined for newer monoplane ___MASK36___ designs by the start of the Second World War , playing only minor roles in the conflict before being retired . The ___MASK47___ , also called the ___MASK38___ , are forces authorized to use deadly force , and weapons , to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens . The task of the ___MASK47___ is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens , and the prosecution of war against another state . The ___MASK47___ may also have additional sanctioned and non - sanctioned functions within a ___MASK64___ , including , the ___MASK21___ of a political agenda , protecting corporate economic interests , internal population control , construction , emergency services , social ceremonies , and guarding important areas . The ___MASK47___ can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil ___MASK64___ , through the development of separate infrastructures , which may include housing , schools , utilities , food production and banking . The Central Powers , consisting of Germany , , the Ottoman ___MASK23___ and Bulgaria  hence also known as the Quadruple ___MASK87___  was one of the two main factions during World War I ( 1914  18 ). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente , after which it was dissolved . The Royal ___MASK68___ ( RAF ) is the United Kingdom ' s aerial warfare force . Formed towards the end of the First ___MASK46___ on ___MASK41___ April 1918 , it is the oldest independent air force in the world . Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as , at the ___MASK78___ , the largest air force in the world . Since its ___MASK67___ , the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history , in particular , playing a large part in the Second ___MASK46___ where it fought its most famous campaign , the Battle of Britain . Hawker ___MASK36___ Limited was a British ___MASK36___ manufacturer responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history . The Avro 604 Antelope was a British light ___MASK9___ which was designed and built in the late 1920s to meet a requirement for a light ___MASK9___ to equip the Royal ___MASK68___ , competing against the Hawker Hart and the Fairey Fox II . It was unsuccessful , the Hart being preferred . Sir Sydney Camm , CBE , FRAeS ( 5 ___MASK3___ 189312 March 1966 ) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many Hawker ___MASK36___ designs , from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters . One particularly notable ___MASK36___ he designed is the Hawker Hurricane fighter . A ___MASK80___ is a fixed - ___MASK54___ ___MASK36___ with a single main ___MASK54___ plane , in contrast to a biplane or other multiplane , each of which has multiple planes . A light ___MASK9___ is a relatively small and fast type of ___MASK47___ ___MASK9___ ___MASK36___ that was primarily employed before the 1950s . Such ___MASK36___ would typically not carry more than one ton of ordnance . The dedicated light ___MASK9___ disappeared as fighters , due to advancements in powerplants and ___MASK36___ design , were eventually able to deliver equal or greater bomb loads while also carrying out other missions and roles . An ___MASK36___ is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air . It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil , or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines . A ___MASK31___ is a fixed - ___MASK54___ ___MASK36___ with two main wings stacked one above the other . The first powered , controlled aeroplane to fly , the Wright Flyer , used a ___MASK31___ ___MASK54___ arrangement , as did many ___MASK36___ in the early years of aviation . While a ___MASK31___ ___MASK54___ structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane , it produces more drag than a similar unbraced or cantilever monoplane ___MASK54___ . Improved structural techniques , better materials and the quest for greater speed made the ___MASK31___ configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s .