genre goethe's faust
___MASK19___ , also called plant ___MASK35___ ( s ), plant biology or phytology , is the ___MASK35___ of plant life and a branch of biology . A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specialises in this field . The term " botany " comes from the Ancient Greek word (" botan ") meaning " pasture ", " grass ", or " fodder "; is in turn derived from (" boskein "), " to feed " or " to graze ". Traditionally , botany has also included the ___MASK58___ of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively , with the ___MASK58___ of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress . Nowadays , botanists ___MASK58___ approximately 400 , 000 species of living organisms of which some 260 , 000 species are vascular plants and about 248 , 000 are flowering plants . ___MASK14___ is a form of language that exhibits a grammatical structure and a natural flow of speech , rather than a rhythmic structure as in traditional ___MASK69___ . Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme , the common unit of prose is purely grammatical , such as a sentence or paragraph . Lyric ___MASK69___ is a formal type of ___MASK69___ which expresses personal emotions or feelings , typically spoken in the first person . The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature , the lyric , which was defined by its ___MASK94___ accompaniment , usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre . The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of ___MASK69___ : lyrical , dramatic and epic . A protagonist is the main character in any story , such as a literary work or ___MASK55___ . ___MASK37___ , in its broadest sense , is any single body of written works . More restrictively , it is writing considered as an art form , or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value , often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage . Its Latin root " literatura "/" litteratura " ( derived itself from " littera ": " ___MASK43___ " or " handwriting ") was used to refer to all written accounts , though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung ( oral literature ). ___MASK37___ can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non - fiction and whether it is poetry or prose ; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the ___MASK61___ , short story or drama ; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations ( genre ). A potion ( from Latin " potio " " drink ") is a magical ___MASK5___ , drug or poison in liquid form . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ' s Faust is a tragic play in two parts usually known in English as Faust , Part One and Faust , Part Two . Although rarely staged in its entirety , it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German - language stages . Faust is Goethe ' s magnum opus and considered by many to be one of the greatest works of German ___MASK37___ . The earliest forms of the work , known as the Urfaust , were developed between 1772 and 1775 ; however , the details of that development are not entirely clear . Urfaust has twenty - two scenes , one in ___MASK14___ , two largely ___MASK14___ and the remaining 1 , 441 lines in rhymed verse . The manuscript is lost , but a copy was discovered in 1886 . The first appearance of the work in print was Faust , a Fragment , published in 1790 . Goethe completed a preliminary version of what is now known as Part One in 1806 . Its publication in 1808 was followed by the revised 1828 -- 29 edition , the last to be edited by Goethe himself . Goethe finished writing Faust Part Two in 1831 . In contrast to Faust Part One , the focus here is no longer on the soul of Faust , which has been sold to the devil , but rather on social phenomena such as psychology , history and politics , in addition to mystical and philosophical topics . The second part formed the principal occupation of Goethe ' s last years . It appeared only posthumously in 1832 . Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic in Europe . It consists of 26 cantons , and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities . The ___MASK44___ is situated in ___MASK49___ - Central Europe , and is bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . Switzerland is a landlocked ___MASK44___ geographically divided between the Alps , the Swiss Plateau and the Jura , spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are to be found : among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva . Anatomy is the branch of ___MASK40___ concerned with the ___MASK58___ of the structure of organisms and their parts . Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology , comparative anatomy , evolutionary ___MASK40___ , and phylogeny , as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate ( embryology ) and long ( evolution ) timescales . Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine . South Tyrol ( German and ), also known by its alternative Italian name Alto Adige , is an autonomous province in northern Italy . It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino - Alto Adige / Südtirol . The province has an area of and a total population of 511 , 750 inhabitants ( 31 . 12 . 2011 ). Its capital is the city of Bolzano ( German : " Bozen "; Ladin : " Balsan " or " Bulsan "). According to 2014 data based on the 2011 census , 62 . 3 percent of the population speaks German ( Standard German in the written norm and an Austro - Bavarian dialect in the spoken form ); 23 . 4 percent of the population speaks Italian , mainly in and around the two largest cities ( Bolzano and Merano ); 4 . 1 percent speaks Ladin , a Rhaeto - ___MASK13___ language ; 10 . 2 % of the population ( mainly recent immigrants ) speaks another language as first language . Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in ___MASK49___ Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch - speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French - speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German - speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Walpurgis Night is the English translation of , one of the Dutch and German names for the night of 30 April , so called because it is the eve of the feast day of Saint Walpurga , an 8th - century abbess in Francia . In Germanic ___MASK1___ , Walpurgisnacht , also called ", literally " Witches ' Night ", is believed to be the night of a witches ' meeting on the Brocken , the highest peak in the Harz Mountains , a range of wooded hills in central Germany between the rivers Weser and Elbe . The first known written occurrence of the English translation " Walpurgis Night " is from the 19th century . Local variants of Walpurgis Night are observed throughout Europe in the Netherlands , Germany , the Czech Republic , Slovenia , Sweden , Lithuania , Latvia , Finland , and Estonia . Faust : The Second Part of the ___MASK74___ , is the second part of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ' s " Faust ". It was published in 1832 , the year of Goethe ' s death . Because of its complexity in form and content , it is usually not read in German schools , although the first part commonly is . German ___MASK37___ comprises those literary texts written in the German language . This includes ___MASK37___ written in Germany , Austria , the German parts of Belgium and Switzerland , Liechtenstein , South Tyrol in Italy and to a lesser extent works of the German diaspora . German ___MASK37___ of the modern period is mostly in Standard German , but there are some currents of ___MASK37___ influenced to a greater or lesser degree by dialects ( e . g . Alemannic ). Mephistopheles (; also " Mephistophilus , Mephistophilis , Mephostopheles , Mephisto , Mephastophilis ," and other variants ) is a demon featured in German ___MASK1___ . He originally appeared in ___MASK37___ as the demon in the Faust ___MASK34___ , and he has since appeared in other works as a stock character . The Devil ( from Greek :  or " diábolos " slanderer or accuser ) is , according to ___MASK7___ and Islam , the primary opponent of God . Faust : A ___MASK74___ ( or retrospectively "") is the first part of " Faust " by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , and is considered by many as the greatest work of German literature . It was first published in 1808 . Synopsis . The first part of " Faust " is not divided into acts , but is structured as a sequence of scenes in a ___MASK24___ of settings . After a dedicatory poem and a prelude in the theater , the actual plot begins with a prologue in Heaven , where the Lord challenges Mephistopheles , the Devil , that Mephistopheles cannot lead astray the Lord ' s favourite striving scholar , Dr . Faust . We then see Faust in his study , who , disappointed of science with natural means , attempts and fails to gain knowledge of nature and the universe by magical ones . The dejected Faust contemplates suicide , but is held back by the sounds of the beginning Easter celebrations . He joins his assistant Wagner for an Easter walk in the countryside , among the celebrating people , and is followed home by a poodle . Back in the study , the poodle transforms itself into Mephistopheles , who offers Faust a contract : he will do Faust ' s bidding on earth , and Faust will do the same for him in hell ( if , as Faust adds in an important side clause , Mephisto can get him to be satisfied and to want a moment to last forever ). Faust signs in blood , and Mephisto first takes him to Auerbach ' s tavern in Leipzig , where the devil plays tricks on some drunken revellers . Having then been transformed into a young man by a witch , Faust encounters Margaret ( Gretchen ) and she excites his desires . Through a scheme involving jewellery and Gretchen ' s neighbour Marthe , Mephisto brings about Faust ' s and Gretchen ' s liaison . After a period of separation , Faust seduces Gretchen , who accidentally kills her mother with a sleeping potion Faust had given her . Gretchen is pregnant , and her torment is further increased when Faust and Mephisto kill her enraged brother in a sword fight . Mephisto seeks to distract Faust by taking him to the witches ' sabbath of Walpurgis Night , but Faust insists on rescuing Gretchen from the death sentence she has been given after going insane and drowning her newborn child . In the dungeon , Faust in vain tries to persuade Gretchen to follow him to freedom . At the end of the drama , as Faust and Mephisto flee the dungeon , a voice from heaven announces Gretchen ' s salvation . The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds , the Standard Poodle , ___MASK96___ Poodle and ___MASK53___ Poodle . The Fédération Cynologique Internationale ( FCI ) recognizes four sizes of one breed : standard , medium , miniature , and ___MASK53___ . Poodles exist in many coat colors . The origins of the poodles are still discussed . Most of the literature like the FCI states that the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed , others state that the breed might come from Germany as a type of water dog . The breed was standardized in France . Easter , also called Pascha "( Greek / Latin )" or Resurrection Sunday , is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead , described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by Romans at Calvary 30 AD . It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus , preceded by Lent ( or Great Lent ), a forty - day period of fasting , ___MASK47___ , and penance . Faust is the protagonist of a classic German ___MASK34___ . He is a scholar who is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life , which leads him to make a pact with the Devil , exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures . The Faust ___MASK34___ has been the basis for many literary , artistic , cinematic , and ___MASK94___ works that have reinterpreted it through the ages . " Faust " and the adjective " Faustian " imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term . Standard German (, or ) is the standardized ___MASK24___ of the German language used in formal contexts , and for communication between different dialect areas . It is a pluricentric Dachsprache with three codified ( or " standardized ") specific regional variants : German Standard German , Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 28 August 1749  22 ___MASK90___ 1832 ) was a German writer and statesman . His body of work includes epic and lyric ___MASK69___ written in a ___MASK24___ of metres and styles ; prose and verse dramas ; memoirs ; an autobiography ; literary and aesthetic criticism ; treatises on botany , anatomy , and colour ; and four novels . In addition , numerous literary and scientific fragments , more than 10 , 000 letters , and nearly 3 , 000 drawings by him exist . Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - ___MASK49___ Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . Germany ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf .