occupation alexicles 
Decelea , modern Dekeleia or Dekelia , Deceleia or Decelia ( previous Modern Greek name Tatoi ,  ), was an ancient village in northern Attica serving as a trade route connecting Euboea with Athens , Greece . Plato ( Greek : " Plátn ", in Classical Attic ; 428 / 427 or 424 / 423  348 / 347 BCE ) was a ___MASK77___ in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato ' s entire " œuvre " is believed to have survived intact for over 2 , 400 years . Piraeus (" Pireás " , , " Peiraieús ") is a port city in the region of Attica , Greece . Piraeus is located within the Athens urban area , southwest from its city center ( municipality of Athens ), and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf . Athens (" Athína " ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world ' s oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3 , 400 years , and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city - state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus , which had been a distinct city ___MASK54___ to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens . A centre for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato ' s Academy and Aristotle ' s Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . In 2015 , Athens was ranked the world ' s 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study . A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land . Port locations are selected to optimize access to land and navigable water , for ___MASK2___ demand , and for shelter from wind and waves . Ports with deeper water are rarer , but can handle larger ships . Since ports throughout history handled every kind of traffic , support and storage facilities vary widely , may extend for miles , and dominate the local economy . Some ports have an important ___MASK30___ role . Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD . It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period ( 9th to 6th centuries BC ), Classical period ( 5th and 4th centuries BC ), and Hellenistic period ( 3rd century BC to the 6th century AD ). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek . Euboea or Evia ( Modern Greek :  , " Evvoia " " Eúboia ") is the second - largest Greek island in area and population , after Crete . The narrow Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece . In ___MASK70___ outline it is a long and narrow , seahorse - shaped island ; it is about long , and varies in breadth from to . Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast , and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range , which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east , and is continued south of Euboea in the lofty islands of Andros , Tinos and Mykonos . Alexicles ( Ancient Greek :  ) was an Athenian ___MASK70___ who belonged to the oligarchial or Lacedaemonian party at Athens . After the revolution of 411 BC , he and several of his friends left the city and went to their friends at Decelea . But he was afterwards made prisoner in Piraeus , and sentenced to death for his participation in the guilt of Phrynichus . Mycenaean Greek is the most ancient attested form of the Greek language , on the Greek mainland , Crete and Cyprus in Mycenaean Greece ( 16th to 12th centuries BCE ), before the hypothesised Dorian invasion , often cited as the " terminus post quem " for the coming of the Greek language to Greece . The language is preserved in inscriptions in Linear B , a ___MASK100___ first attested on Crete before the 14th century . Most inscriptions are on clay tablets found in Knossos , in central Crete , as well as in Pylos , in the southwest of the Peloponnese . Other tablets have been found at Mycenae itself , Tiryns and Thebes and at Chania , in Western Crete . The language is named after Mycenae , one of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece . An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern ___MASK32___ , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . Aristotle (" Aristotéls "; 384  322 BC ) was a Greek ___MASK77___ and scientist born in the city of Stagira , Chalkidice , on the northern periphery of Classical Greece . His father , Nicomachus , died when Aristotle was a child , whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian . At seventeen or eighteen years of age , he joined Plato ' s Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty - seven ( c . 347 BC ). His writings cover many subjects  including physics , biology , zoology , metaphysics , logic , ethics , aesthetics , poetry , theater , music , rhetoric , linguistics , politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy . Shortly after Plato died , Aristotle left Athens and , at the request of Philip of Macedon , tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC . Philosophy ( from Greek , " philosophia ", literally " love of wisdom ") is the study of ___MASK70___ and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence , knowledge , values , reason , mind , and language . The term was probably coined by Pythagoras ( c . 570  c . 495 BC ). Philosophical methods include questioning , critical discussion , rational argument and systematic presentation . Classic philosophical questions include : Is it possible to know anything and to prove it ? What is most real ? However , philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as : Is there a best way to live ? Is it better to be just or unjust ( if one can get away with it )? Do humans have free will ? The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece ( 508  322 BC ) was the ___MASK12___ urban center of the notable polis ( city - state ) of the same name , located in Attica , Greece , leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League . Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras . This system remained remarkably stable , and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years , until 322 BC ( aftermath of Lamian War ). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC , known as the Age of Pericles . The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek ( Hellenic ) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year . At this time , Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe , Africa and Asia , experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts , exploration , literature , theatre , ___MASK80___ , music , mathematics , philosophy , and ___MASK78___ . It is often considered a period of transition , sometimes even of decadence or degeneration , compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era . The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy , Alexandrian poetry , the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism . Greek ___MASK78___ was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes . The ___MASK51___ sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco - Egyptian Serapis , eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism .