date_of_death khondaker mostaq ahmad
Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March ___MASK85___ , which the Pakistani state justified on the basis of anti - Bihari violence by Bengalis in early March . Ordered by the central government in West Pakistan , this was seen as the sequel to " Operation Blitz " which had been launched in November 1970 . The original plan envisioned taking control of the major cities on March 26 , and then eliminating all opposition , political or military , within one month . President Yahya Khan at a conference in February ___MASK85___ said " Kill three million of them and the rest will eat out of our hands ." Prolonged Bengali resistance was not anticipated by the Pakistani military leaders . The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major town in Bengali hands in mid - May . The operation also precipitated the ___MASK85___ Bangladesh genocide and caused roughly 10 million refugees to flee to India as well as the death of up to 3 , 000 , 000 civilians . Bengali intelligentsia , academics and Hindus were targeted for the harshest treatment , with significant indiscriminate killing taking place . These systematic killings enraged the Bengalis , who declared independence from Pakistan , to establish the new state of Bangladesh . West Pakistan was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the ___MASK39___ Partition of India . The genocide in Bangladesh began on ___MASK73___ March ___MASK85___ with the launch of Operation Searchlight , as West Pakistan began a military crackdown on the Eastern wing of the nation to suppress Bengali calls for self - determination rights . During the nine - month - long Bangladesh war for independence , members of the Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias from Jamaat - e - Islami killed up to 3 , 000 , 000 people and raped between 200 , 000 and 400 , 000 Bangladeshi women in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape . Some estimates mention the number of people killed between 300 , 000  500 , 000 , and describe the 3 million number as excessively inflated . The actions against women were supported by Imams and Muslim religious leaders , who declared that Bengali women were ' war - booty '. It is estimated that up to 30 million civilians became internally displaced . During the war there was also ethnic violence between Bengalis and Urdu - speaking Biharis . Several thousand non - Bengalis were also killed during the war . Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad ( also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed ) ( ___MASK42___  ___MASK1___ ) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975 , after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , the founding father of Bangladesh . Ahmad played important roles in the Awami League and the Bangladesh government - in - exile formed during the Bangladesh Liberation War . Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( ___MASK71___  15 August 1975 ) was the founding leader of Bangladesh . He served twice as the country ' s President and was its strongman premier between 1972 and 1975 . Rahman was the leader of the Awami League . He is popularly known as the Bangabandhu (" Friend of Bengal "). He is credited as the central figure in Bangladesh ' s liberation movement and is considered the founding father of Bangladesh . His daughter Sheikh Hasina Wajed is the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh . The President of Bangladesh ( ) is the Head of State of Bangladesh . Since ___MASK66___ , he is elected by Parliament , and thus generally represents the majority party of the legislature . In ___MASK66___ , with the restoration of a democratically elected government , Bangladesh adopted a parliamentary democracy . The President is now a largely ceremonial post elected by the parliament . The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) ( text ) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on ___MASK36___ December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot , Paris . The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of what many people believe to be the rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled . The full text is available on the United Nations website . The right of nations to self - determination ( from ) is a cardinal principle in modern international law ( commonly regarded as a " jus cogens " rule ), binding , as such , on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter  s norms . It states that nations , based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity , have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference . This principle can be traced to the Atlantic Charter , signed on ___MASK43___ August 1941 , by Franklin D . Roosevelt , President of the United States of America , and Winston Churchill , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter . It also is derived from principles espoused by United States President Woodrow Wilson following World War I , after which some new nation states were formed , or previous states were revived after the dissolution of empires . The principle does not state how the decision is to be made , nor what the outcome should be , whether it be independence , federation , protection , some form of autonomy or full assimilation . Neither does it state what the delimitation between nations should be  nor what constitutes a nation . There are conflicting definitions and legal criteria for determining which groups may legitimately claim the right to self - determination . The Bangladesh Liberation War ('), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence , or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh , was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self - determination movement in East Pakistan and the ___MASK85___ Bangladesh genocide . It resulted in the independence of the People ' s Republic of Bangladesh . The war began after the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight against the people of East Pakistan on the night of 25 March ___MASK85___ . It pursued the systematic elimination of nationalist Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia , religious minorities and armed personnel . The junta annulled the results of the 1970 elections and arrested Prime Minister - elect Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . East Pakistan , present - day Bangladesh , was a provincial state of Pakistan that existed in the Bengal region of the northeast of South Asia from ___MASK91___ until ___MASK85___ , following the One Unit programme that laid the existence of East Pakistan . Pakistan ( or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia . It is the sixth - most populous country with a population exceeding ___MASK90___ million people . It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan ' s narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was incident of homicide of the president of Bangladesh , Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and almost his entire family . It took place in the early hours of August ___MASK11___ , ___MASK15___ , when a group of Bangladesh Army personnel went to Sheikh Mujib ' s residence and killed him , resulting in a coup d ' état . Later , Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad was made president . A head of state ( or chief of state ) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state . In developing the current Constitution of France ( ___MASK38___ ), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody " the spirit of the nation " (""). In some countries , typically those with parliamentary governments , the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day - to - day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority ( e . g ., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom ). In other countries , the head of state is also the head of government , such as in the U . S ., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who , in practice , oversees the executive branch . Sheikh Hasina Wazed (; born ___MASK75___ ___MASK24___ ) is the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh , in office since January 2009 . She previously served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001 , and has led the Bangladesh Awami League since 1981 . To be in exile means to be away from one ' s home ( i . e . city , state , or country ), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return . It can be a form of punishment and solitude . It is common to distinguish between " internal exile ", i . e ., forced resettlement within the country of residence , and " external exile ", which is deportation outside the country of residence . Although most commonly used to describe an individual situation , the term is also used for groups ( especially ethnic or national groups ), or for an entire government . Terms such as " diaspora " and " refugee " describe group exile , both voluntary and forced , and " government in exile " describes a government of a country that has been forced to relocate and argue its legitimacy from outside that country . Exile can also be a self - imposed departure from one ' s homeland . Self - exile is often depicted as a form of protest by the person who claims it , to avoid persecution or legal matters ( such as tax or criminal allegations ), an act of shame or repentance , or isolating oneself to be able to devote time to a particular pursuit . Article ___MASK2___ of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that " No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest , detention or exile ." Khondaker , Moshtaq Ahmad ( also spelled Khandakar , Mushtaq Ahmed and phonetically spelt Khondokar , Mushtak Ahmed ) ( Bengali :              ) ( ___MASK42___ -- March 5 , 1996 ) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to ___MASK10___ November 1975 after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , the founding father of Bangladesh . Ahmad played important roles in the Awami League and the Bangladesh government - in - exile formed during the Bangladesh Liberation War .