parent_taxon borealosuchus
Saskatchewan ( or ) is a prairie and boreal province in west - central Canada , the only province without natural borders . It has an ___MASK19___ of , nearly 10 percent of which is fresh water , composed mostly of rivers , reservoirs , and the province ' s 100 , 000 lakes . Canada ( French : ) is a country in the northern half of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering , making it the world ' s second - largest country by total ___MASK19___ and the fourth - largest country by land ___MASK19___ . Canada ' s border with the United States is the world ' s longest land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly ___MASK13___ are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . About four - fifths of the country ' s population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border . Its capital is Ottawa , its largest city is Toronto ; other major urban ___MASK13___ include Montreal , Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . The Maastrichtian is , in the ICS geologic timescale , the latest age ( uppermost stage ) of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series , the Cretaceous period or system , and of the Mesozoic era or erathem . It spanned the interval from . The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian ( part of the Paleogene and Paleocene ). Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages . Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just " binomial "), a binomen or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name . The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus . For example , humans belong to the genus " ___MASK48___ " and within this genus to the species " ___MASK48___ sapiens ". The " formal " introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work " Species Plantarum " in 1753 . But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1623 , had introduced in his book " Pinax theatri botanici " ( English , " Illustrated exposition of plants ") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus . Borealosuchus is an extinct genus of crocodylians that lived from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene in North America . It was named by Chris Brochu in 1997 for several species that had been assigned to Leidyosuchus . The species assigned to it are : B . sternbergii , the type species , from the Maastrichtian ( Late Cretaceous ) of Colorado , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , and Wyoming ; B . acutidentatus , from the Paleocene of Saskatchewan ; B . formidabilis , from the Paleocene of North Dakota and Wyoming ; B . griffithi , from the Paleocene of Alberta ; and B . wilsoni , from the Eocene of Wyoming . B . formidabilis is particularly well - known , represented by the remains of many individuals from the Wannagan Creek site in North Dakota . Borealosuchus was a mid - sized crocodylian ; B . acutidentatus reached up to 2 . 8 metres ( 9 . 2 ft ) in length with a 36 centimetres ( 14 in ) skull . In biology , an organism is any contiguous living system , such as an ___MASK36___ , ___MASK60___ , fungus , archaeon , or bacterium . All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli , reproduction , growth and development and homeostasis . An organism consists of one or more cells ; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism ; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism . Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms . Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs . Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands , savannas , and shrublands biome by ecologists , based on similar temperate climates , moderate rainfall , and a composition of grasses , herbs , and shrubs , rather than trees , as the dominant vegetation type . Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of ___MASK81___ , southern Brazil and Uruguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia . Lands typically referred to as " prairie " tend to be in North America . The term encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of Canada , the United States , and Mexico , which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wetter , somewhat hillier land to the east . In the U . S ., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , and Oklahoma , and sizable parts of the states of Montana , Wyoming , Colorado , New Mexico , Texas , Missouri , Iowa , Illinois , Ohio , Indiana , Wisconsin , and western and southern Minnesota . The Central Valley of California is also a prairie . The Canadian Prairies occupy vast ___MASK13___ of Manitoba , Saskatchewan , and Alberta . Alberta is a western province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4 , 196 , 457 as of July 1 , 2015 , it is Canada ' s fourth - most populous province and the most populous of Canada ' s three prairie provinces . Its ___MASK19___ is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015 . Montana is a state in the Western region of the United States . The state ' s name is derived from the Spanish word ( mountain ). Montana has several nicknames , although none official , including " Big Sky Country " and " The Treasure State ", and slogans that include " Land of the Shining Mountains " and more recently " The Last Best Place ". Montana has a border with three Canadian provinces : British Columbia , Alberta , and Saskatchewan , the only state to do so . It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east , Wyoming to the south , and Idaho to the west and southwest . Montana is ranked 4th in size , but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States . The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges . Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state . In total , 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains . The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands . Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of around 1 . 7 million people and an ___MASK19___ of , Idaho is the 14th largest and 39th most populous of the 50 states . The state ' s capital and largest city is Boise . The Late Cretaceous ( 100 . 5  66 Ma ) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale . Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous series . The Cretaceous is named after the white limestone known as chalk which occurs widely in northern France and is seen in the white cliffs of south - eastern England , and which dates from this time . Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States . The state is bordered by South Dakota to the north , Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast , both across the Missouri River , Kansas to the south , Colorado to the southwest and Wyoming to the west . Its ___MASK19___ is just over 77 , 220 sq mi ( 200 , 000 km ) with almost 1 . 9 million people . Its state capital is Lincoln . Its largest city is Omaha , which is on the Missouri River . A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth . Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria , up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents . Ordered from largest in size to smallest , they are : Asia , Africa , North America , South America , Antarctica , Europe , and Australia . In geology , ___MASK13___ of continental crust include regions covered with water . The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total ___MASK19___ of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface ___MASK19___ . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". The ___MASK57___ Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group ( also known as the Judith River Group ), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta . It was laid down during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch between 76 . 6 and 74 . 8 million years ago . It was deposited in alluvial and coastal plain environments , and it is bounded by the nonmarine Oldman Formation below it and the marine Bearpaw Formation above it . The Eocene Epoch , lasting from , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era . The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch . The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope C . The end is set at a major extinction event called the " Grande Coupure " ( the " Great Break " in continuity ) or the Eocene  Oligocene extinction event , which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay . As with other geologic periods , the strata that define the start and end of the epoch are well identified , though their exact dates are slightly uncertain . The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land ( a plain ), much of it covered in prairie , steppe and grassland , that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada . This ___MASK19___ covers parts , but not all , of the states of Colorado , Kansas , Montana , Nebraska , New Mexico , North Dakota , Oklahoma , South Dakota , Texas , and Wyoming , Minnesota , Iowa and the Canadian provinces of Alberta , Manitoba and Saskatchewan . The region is known for supporting extensive cattle ranching and dry farming . The Northwest Territories ( also known as NWT ; French : " les Territoires du Nord - Ouest ", " TNO "; Athabaskan languages : " Denendeh "; Inuinnaqtun : " Nunatsiaq "; Inuktitut :  ) is a territory of Canada . At a land ___MASK19___ of approximately and a 2011 population of 41 , 462 , it is the second largest and most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada . Its estimated population as of 2016 is 44 , 291 . Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967 , following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission . Utah ( or ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U . S . on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th - largest by ___MASK19___ , 31st - most - populous , and 10th - least - densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million ( Census estimate for July 1 , 2016 ), approximately 80 % of whom live along the Wasatch Front , centering on the state capital Salt Lake City . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , ___MASK14___ to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . A genus ( genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology . In the hierarchy of biological classification , genus comes above species and below family . In binomial nomenclature , the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus . North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere . It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas . It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean , and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea . Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together , involving a female ' s large ovum ( or egg ) and a male ' s smaller sperm . Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of normal cells . They are created by a specialized type of cell division , which only occurs in eukaryotic cells , known as meiosis . The two gametes fuse during fertilization to produce DNA replication and the creation of a single - celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes . In a process called genetic recombination , genetic material ( DNA ) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other , and this is followed by exchange of genetic information . Two rounds of cell division then produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes from each original parent cell , and the same number of chromosomes as both parents , though self - fertilization can occur . For instance , in ___MASK98___ reproduction each ___MASK98___ cell contains 46 chromosomes , 23 pairs , except gamete cells , which only contain 23 chromosomes , so the child will have 23 chromosomes from each parent genetically recombined into 23 pairs . Cell division initiates the development of a new individual organism in multicellular organisms , including animals and plants , for the vast majority of whom this is the primary method of reproduction . Lawrence Morris Lambe ( 1863  1919 ) was a Canadian geologist and palaeontologist from the Geological Survey of Canada ( GSC ). His published work , describing the diverse and plentiful ___MASK57___ discoveries from the fossil beds in Alberta , did much to bring dinosaurs into the public eye and helped usher in the " Golden Age of Dinosaurs " in the province . During this period , between the 1880s and World War I , ___MASK57___ hunters from all over the world converged on Alberta . " Lambeosaurus ", a well - known ___MASK2___ , was named after him as a tribute , in 1923 . Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum ___MASK70___ ( chordates with backbones ). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata , with currently about 64 , 000 species described . Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates , which include the cartilaginous fish ( sharks and rays ) and the bony fish . Colorado is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . Colorado is part of the Western United States , the Southwestern United States , and the Mountain States . Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States . The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5 , 456 , 574 on July 1 , 2015 , an increase of 8 . 50 % since the 2010 United States Census . The Colorado Plateau , also known as the Colorado Plateau Province , is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus , roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States . The province covers an ___MASK19___ of 337 , 000 km ( 130 , 000 mi ) within western Colorado , northwestern New Mexico , southern and eastern Utah , and northern ___MASK14___ . About 90 % of the ___MASK19___ is drained by the Colorado River and its main tributaries : the Green , San Juan , and Little Colorado . Most of the remainder of the plateau is drained by the Rio Grande and its tributaries . The Paleogene ( or ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene ; informally Lower Tertiary ) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( ___MASK61___ ) to the beginning of the Neogene Period ___MASK61___ . It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon . The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small , simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the Cretaceous  Paleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period . Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a United States National Park comprising three geographically separated ___MASK13___ of badlands in western North Dakota . The park was named for U . S . President Theodore Roosevelt . The park covers of land in three sections : the North Unit , the South Unit , and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit . Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States . The state is the tenth largest by ___MASK19___ , the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho . Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming , with a population estimate of 63 , 335 in 2015 . The state population was estimated at 586 , 107 in 2015 , which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U . S . cities . In biology , a species ( abbreviated sp ., with the plural form species abbreviated spp .) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank . A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring , typically by sexual reproduction . While this definition is often adequate , looked at more closely it is often problematic . For example , in a species complex , the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether . Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA , morphology , or ecological niche . The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies . Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth , development , functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses . DNA and RNA are nucleic acids ; alongside proteins , lipids and complex carbohydrates ( polysaccharides ), they are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life . Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double ___MASK86___ . Leidyosuchus ( meaning " Leidy ' s ___MASK62___ ") is an extinct genus of alligatoroid from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta . It was named in 1907 by Lawrence Lambe , and the type species is " L . canadensis ". It is known from a number of specimens from the middle Campanian age Dinosaur Park Formation . It was a medium - sized alligatorid , with a maximum skull length greater than 40 centimeters ( 16 in ). The ___MASK56___ ( or Crocodylia ) are an order of mostly large , predatory , semiaquatic reptiles . They appeared 83 . 5 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period ( Campanian stage ) and are the closest living relatives of birds , as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria . Members of the order ' s total group , the clade Pseudosuchia , appeared about 250 million years ago in the Early Triassic period , and diversified during the Mesozoic era . The order ___MASK56___ includes the true crocodiles ( family Crocodylidae ), the alligators and caimans ( family Alligatoridae ), and the gharial and false gharial ( family Gavialidae ). Although the term ' crocodiles ' is sometimes used to refer to all of these , a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is crocodilians . The Wannagan Creek site is a fossil site found just west of the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park of North Dakota , USA . The site is Paleocene in age , approximately 60 million years old . Paleontologists of the Science Museum of Minnesota have studied the site for nearly thirty years . The site is thought to represent a paleoenviroment of subtropical swampy lowland and forests . Preservation is excellent for both the flora and fauna of the site . Trace fossils of crocodilians and other vertebrates have also been discovered . The transition between the end of the Eocene and the beginning of the Oligocene is marked by large - scale extinction and floral and faunal turnover ( although minor in comparison to the largest mass extinctions ). Most of the affected organisms were marine or aquatic in nature . They included the last of the ancient cetaceans , the ___MASK96___ . The Southwestern United States ( also known as the American Southwest ) is a region of the United States which includes ___MASK14___ , the western portion of New Mexico , bordered on the east by the Llano Estacado , southern Colorado and Utah below the 39th parallel , the " horn " of Texas below New Mexico , the southernmost triangle of Nevada , and the most southeastern portion of California , which encompasses the Mojave and Colorado Deserts . The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago ( ___MASK61___ ) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period ___MASK61___ . It is the last period of the Mesozoic Era . The Cretaceous Period is usually abbreviated K , for its German translation " Kreide " ( chalk ).