occupation eddie allen 
Abdullah Ibrahim ( born Adolph Johannes Brand on 9 October 1934 and formerly known as Dollar Brand ) is a South African ___MASK31___ and ___MASK89___ . His music reflects many of the musical influences of his childhood in the multicultural port areas of Cape Town , ranging from traditional African songs to the gospel of the AME Church and ragas , to more modern jazz and other Western styles . Ibrahim is considered the leading figure in the subgenre of Cape jazz . Within jazz , his music particularly reflects the influence of Thelonious Monk and ___MASK13___ Ellington . With his wife , the jazz singer Sathima Bea Benjamin , he is father to the New York underground rapper Jean Grae , as well as to a son , Tsakwe . Craig S . Harris ( born September 10 , 1953 ) is a jazz ___MASK46___ and ___MASK89___ who has been a ___MASK67___ figure in the jazz avant - garde movement since his stint with Sun Ra in 1976 . Subsequently , Harris has worked with such notable jazz artists as Abdullah Ibrahim , David Murray , Lester Bowie , Cecil Taylor , Sam Rivers , Muhal Richard Abrams and Charlie Haden . Harris has also recorded since 1983 as ___MASK21___ for labels like India Navigation , Soul Note and JMT . For the latter he recorded with two different groups : the Tailgaters Tails was a quintet with clarinetist Don Byron , trumpeter Edward E . J . Allen , Anthony Cox on bass and Pheeroan akLaff on drums . His large ensemble project Cold Sweat was a tribute to the music of James Brown . A ___MASK89___ ( Latin " compn "; literally " one who puts together ") is a person who creates or writes music , which can be vocal music ( for a singer or choir ), instrumental music ( e . g ., for solo piano , string quartet , wind quintet or orchestra ) or music which combines both instruments and voices ( e . g ., opera or art song , which is a singer accompanied by a pianist ). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation ( e . g ., sheet music scores ). Pheeroan akLaff ( born January 27 , 1955 ) is an American jazz ___MASK28___ . Pheeroan akLaff began playing in his hometown of Detroit , and Ann Arbor , Michigan , with Travis Biggs , Ars Nova , The Ebony Set , The Last Days , and Rod Lumpkin , recorded with Major Lansky . Moved to New Haven , Connecticut , and formed DejaVu with Dwight Andrews . Debuted with Bill Baron in 1975 ; followed by tenure in Leo Smith ' s New Dalta Ahkri . The avant - garde ( from French , " advance ___MASK87___ " or " vanguard ", literally " fore - ___MASK87___ ") are people or works that are experimental , radical , or unorthodox , with respect to art , culture , and society . It may be characterized by nontraditional , aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability , and it may offer a critique of the relationship between ___MASK83___ and consumer . Eleanora Fagan ( April 7 , 1915  July 17 , 1959 ), professionally known as Billie Holiday , was an American ___MASK35___ and singer - songwriter with a career spanning nearly thirty years . Nicknamed " Lady Day " by her friend and music partner Lester Young , Holiday had a seminal influence on jazz music and pop singing . Her vocal style , strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists , pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo . She was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills , which made up for her limited range and lack of formal music education . There were other jazz singers with equal talent , but Holiday had a voice that captured the attention of her audience . A county seat is an administrative center , seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is used in the United States , ___MASK82___ , Romania , China and Taiwan . In the ___MASK94___ and Ireland , county towns have a similar function . India Navigation was an American record company and independent record label that specialized in avant - garde jazz in the 1970s and 1980s . It was founded by Bob Cummins , a corporate ___MASK1___ who helped jazz musicians with legal matters . Its catalogue included Arthur Blythe , Hamiet Bluiett , Chico Freeman , Cecil McBee , and the ___MASK71___ Ensemble . In addition to this , some recordings of minimal music , such as Arnold Dreyblatt , Phill Niblock and Joseph Celli , or Tom Johnson , also appeared . Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States . The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U . S . and ___MASK82___ . It is the second - largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third - largest by surface area , after Lake Superior and Lake Huron ( and is slightly smaller than the U . S . state of West Virginia ). To the east , its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the wide Straits of Mackinac , giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart ; the two are technically a single lake . Lake Michigan is shared , from west to east , by the U . S . states of Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , and Michigan . Ports along its shores include , Chicago , Milwaukee , Green Bay , Wisconsin , Gary , Indiana , and Benton Harbor , Michigan . The word " Michigan " originally referred to the lake itself , and is believed to come from the Ojibwa word " mishigami " meaning " great water ". In the earliest European maps of the region , the name of Lake Illinois has been found in addition to that of " Michigan ". Muhal Richard Abrams ( born September 19 , 1930 , in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American ___MASK27___ , administrator , ___MASK89___ , ___MASK99___ , ___MASK76___ , cellist , and jazz pianist in the free jazz medium . Free jazz is an approach to jazz music that was first developed in the 1950s and 1960s as musicians attempted to alter , extend , or break down jazz convention , often by discarding fixed chord changes or tempos . Though the music of free jazz composers varied widely , a common feature was dissatisfaction with the limitations of bebop , hard bop , and modal jazz that had developed in the 1940s and 1950s . Often described as avant - garde , free jazz has also been described as an attempt to return jazz to its primitive , often ___MASK62___ , roots and emphasis on collective improvisation . Chico Freeman ( born Earl Lavon Freeman Jr .; July 17 , 1949 ) is a modern jazz ___MASK70___ saxophonist and trumpeter and son of jazz saxophonist Von Freeman . He began recording as lead ___MASK91___ in 1976 with " Morning Prayer ", won the New York Jazz Award in 1979 and earned the Stereo Review Record of the Year in 1981 for his album " The Outside Within ". John Birks " Dizzy " Gillespie ( October 21 , 1917  January 6 , 1993 ) was an American jazz ___MASK2___ , bandleader , ___MASK89___ , and singer . Charles Edward " Charlie " Haden ( August 6 , 1937  July 11 , 2014 ) was an American jazz double bass player , ___MASK52___ , ___MASK89___ and educator known for his deep , warm sound , and whose career spanned more than fifty years . In the late 1950s , Haden was an original member of the ground - breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet . Arthur " Art " Blakey ( October 11 , 1919  October 16 , 1990 ) was an American jazz ___MASK28___ and bandleader . He was known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina after he became a Muslim . Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth - largest city in the Midwestern United States . The county seat of Milwaukee County , it is on Lake Michigan ' s western shore . Milwaukee ' s estimated population in 2015 was 600 , 155 . Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee  Racine  Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of as of 2014 . Ranked by estimated 2014 population , Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States . The Midwestern United States , also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest , is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau , occupying the northern central part of the ___MASK98___ . It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984 . The clarinet is a musical - instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments . It has a single - reed mouthpiece , a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore , and a flared bell . A person who plays a clarinet is called a " ___MASK76___ " ( sometimes spelled " clarinettist "). The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM ) is a non - profit organization , founded in Chicago , Illinois , United States , by ___MASK31___ / ___MASK89___ Muhal Richard Abrams , ___MASK31___ Jodie Christian , ___MASK28___ Steve McCall , and ___MASK89___ Phil Cohran . Early members included Henry Threadgill , Anthony Braxton , Jack DeJohnette , Wadada Leo Smith , Leroy Jenkins , Amina Claudine Myers , Adegoke Steve Colson , Chico Freeman , George Lewis and the Art Ensemble of Chicago : Lester Bowie , Roscoe Mitchell , Joseph Jarman , Famoudou Don Moye , and Malachi Favors . The AACM is devoted " to nurturing , performing , and recording serious , original music ," according to its charter . It supports and encourages jazz performers , composers and educators . While founded in the Jazz tradition , the groups outreach and influence has , according to Larry Blumenfeld , " touched nearly all corners of modern music ." Bennett Lester " Benny " Carter ( August 8 , 1907  July 12 , 2003 ) was an American jazz alto ___MASK19___ , ___MASK76___ , trumpeter , composer , arranger , and bandleader . He was a major figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s , and was recognized as such by other jazz musicians who called him " King ". Carter performed with major artists from several generations of jazz , and at major festivals , such as his 1958 appearance with Billie Holiday at the Monterey Jazz Festival . The Monterey Jazz Festival ( MJF ), in Monterey , California , is one of the longest consecutively running jazz festivals . It debuted on October 3 , 1958 and was founded by San Francisco jazz ___MASK55___ ___MASK95___ Jimmy Lyons . Samuel Carthorne Rivers ( September 25 , 1923  December 26 , 2011 ) was an American ___MASK35___ and composer . He performed on soprano and tenor saxophones , bass clarinet , flute , harmonica and piano . Cecil Percival Taylor ( born March 15 , 1929 ) is an American ___MASK31___ and poet . Classically trained , Taylor is generally acknowledged as one of the pioneers of free jazz . His music is characterized by an extremely energetic , physical approach , producing complex improvised sounds , frequently involving tone clusters and intricate polyrhythms . His piano technique has been likened to percussion , for example described as " eighty - eight tuned drums " ( referring to the number of keys on a standard piano ). He has also been described as " like Art Tatum with contemporary - classical leanings ". Donald Byron ( born November 8 , 1958 ) is an American ___MASK89___ and multi - ___MASK96___ . He primarily plays clarinet , but has also used bass clarinet and saxophones . A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles . The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family . Trumpet - like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or ___MASK10___ , with examples dating back to at least 1500 BC ; they began to be used as musical instruments only in the late - 14th or early 15th century . Trumpets are used in art music styles , for instance in orchestras , concert bands , and jazz ensembles , as well as in popular music . They are played by blowing air through almost - closed lips ( called the player ' s embouchure ), producing a " buzzing " sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument . Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing , usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape . Eddie Allen ( born July 12 , 1957 ) is a jazz ___MASK2___ and flugelhornist from Milwaukee . He has worked with Muhal Richard Abrams , Lester Bowie , Art Blakey , Benny Carter , Chico Freeman , Craig Harris , and Dizzy Gillespie . He has used several variants of his name on CDs including : E . J . Allen , Eddie E . J . Allen , and E . J . `` Eddie '' Allen . He also works in Rhythm and Blues and Rock . His rendition of Sade Adu ' s Smooth Operator earned praise from Lester Bowie . James Joseph Brown ( May 3 , 1933  December 25 , 2006 ) was an American ___MASK48___ , ___MASK30___ , record ___MASK83___ , dancer and bandleader . The creator of funk music and a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance , he is often referred to as the " Godfather of Soul ". In a career that spanned six decades , he influenced the development of several music genres . Sun Ra ( born Herman Poole Blount , legal name Le Sony ' ___MASK90___ Ra ; May 22 , 1914  May 30 , 1993 ) was an American jazz ___MASK89___ , bandleader , piano and synthesizer player , poet and ___MASK61___ known for his experimental music , " cosmic " philosophy , prolific output , and theatrical performances . For much of his career , Ra led " The Arkestra ", an ensemble with an ever - changing name and flexible line - up . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a ___MASK67___ form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European ___MASK64___ band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". Lester Bowie ( October 11 , 1941  November 8 , 1999 ) was an American jazz trumpet player and ___MASK89___ . He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and cofounded the Art Ensemble of Chicago . Earle Lavon " Von " Freeman Sr . ( October 3 , 1923  August 11 , 2012 ) was an American hard bop jazz ___MASK70___ saxophonist .