place_of_birth huang yueying
Shen Buhai ( c . 400c . 337 ) was a Chinese bureaucrat who was the Chancellor ___MASK73___ Han under Marquis Zhao ___MASK73___ Han from 351 BC to 337 BC . Born in the State ___MASK73___ Zheng , he was likely a minor official there . After Han conquered Zheng in 375 BC , he rose up in the ranks ___MASK73___ the Han officialdom , diving up its territories and successfully reforming it . Not dealing in penal law , his administrative innovations would be taken into Chinese Legalistm by Han Fei , his most famous successor , and Shen Buhai ' s book most resembles the Han Feizi . Shen Buhai died ___MASK73___ natural causes while in office . Guan Zhong ( c . 720  645 BC ) was a chancellor and reformer ___MASK73___ the State ___MASK73___ Qi during the Spring and Autumn period ___MASK73___ Chinese history . His given name was " Yíwú " (  ). " Zhong " was his courtesy name . Recommended by Bao Shuya , he was appointed Prime Minister by Duke Huan ___MASK73___ Qi in 685 BC . Through Guan Zhong ' s reforms and skilful diplomacy Qi became the most powerful ___MASK73___ the feudal states and Duke Huan lord protector over the feudal lords . Though knowledge ___MASK73___ his reforms is limited , in particular he instituted a famous fiscal policy known as " balancing the light and the heavy ", associated with salt and iron monopolies . Though otherwise a diverse work , the Guanzi compilation making use ___MASK73___ his name makes similar such recommendations . The Three Kingdoms ( AD 220  280 ) was the tripartite division ___MASK73___ ___MASK50___ between the states ___MASK73___ Wei , Shu , and Wu , following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty . The term " Three Kingdoms " itself is something ___MASK73___ a mistranslation , since each state was eventually headed not by a king , but by an emperor who claimed legitimate succession from the Han dynasty . Nevertheless , the term " Three Kingdoms " has become standard among sinologists . To further distinguish the three states from other historical Chinese states ___MASK73___ similar names , historians have added a relevant character : Wei is also known as Cao Wei , Shu is also known as Shu Han , and Wu is also known as Dong ( or Eastern ) Wu . Shu or Shu ___MASK56___ ( 221  263 ) was one ___MASK73___ the three major states that competed for supremacy over ___MASK50___ in the Three Kingdoms period ( 220  280 ). The state was based in the area around present - day Sichuan and Chongqing , which was historically known as " Shu " after an earlier state in Sichuan named Shu . Shu ___MASK56___ ' s founder Liu Bei had named his state " ___MASK56___ " as he considered it the legitimate successor to the ___MASK56___ dynasty , while " Shu " is added to the name as a geographical prefix to differentiate it from the many " ___MASK56___ " states throughout Chinese history . ___MASK33___ , formerly transliterated as Chungking , is a major city in Southwest ___MASK50___ and one of the Five national central cities in ___MASK50___ . Administratively , it is one of ___MASK50___ ' s four direct - controlled municipalities ( the other three are Beijing , Shanghai and Tianjin ), and the only such municipality in inland ___MASK50___ . Zhuge ( Chu - ko ) is a Chinese double surname . It is ranked 314th in " Hundred Family Surnames ". The surname has often been synonymous with wisdom in Chinese culture , due to the fame ___MASK73___ Zhuge Liang . Lady Huang ( birth and death dates unknown ) , also known in fiction as Huang Yueying , was the wife ___MASK73___ Zhuge Liang , chancellor and regent ___MASK73___ the state ___MASK73___ Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period . Her name was not recorded in history ; `` Huang Yueying '' is simply a fictional name . The Art ___MASK73___ War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the 5th century BC . Attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (" Master Sun ", also spelled Sunzi ) the text is composed ___MASK73___ 13 chapters , each ___MASK73___ which is devoted to one aspect ___MASK73___ warfare . It is commonly thought ___MASK73___ as a definitive work on military strategy and tactics . It was placed at the head ___MASK73___ ___MASK50___ ' s Seven Military Classics upon the collection ' s creation in 1080 by Emperor Shenzong ___MASK73___ Song , and has long been the most influential strategy text in East Asia . It has had an influence on Eastern and Western military thinking , business tactics , legal strategy and beyond . A courtesy name (" zi "), also known as a style name , is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one ' s given name . This practice is a ___MASK60___ in East Asian cultures , including ___MASK50___ , Japan , Korea , and Vietnam . Zhuge Liang ( 181234 ), courtesy name Kongming , was a chancellor ( or prime minister ) and regent ___MASK73___ the state ___MASK73___ Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period . He is recognised as the most accomplished strategist ___MASK73___ his era , and has been compared to Sun Tzu , the author ___MASK73___ " The Art ___MASK73___ War ". A self - avowed Legalist , he compared himself with Guan Zhong , developing Shu ' s agriculture and industry to become a regional power . He attached great importance to the works ___MASK73___ Shen Buhai and Han Fei , refusing to indulge local elites and adopting strict , but fair and clear laws . In remembrance ___MASK73___ his governance , local people maintained shrines to him for ages . Liu Bei ( 161  10 June 223 ), courtesy name Xuande , was a warlord in the late Eastern ___MASK56___ dynasty who founded the state ___MASK73___ Shu ___MASK56___ in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler . Despite early failings compared to his rivals and lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded , he gathered support along disheartened ___MASK56___ loyalists who objected to Cao Cao ' s reign over the emperor and relied heavily on this support . Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm , which at its peak spanned present - day Sichuan , ___MASK33___ , Guizhou , Hunan , parts ___MASK73___ Hubei , and parts ___MASK73___ Gansu . Sun Tzu ( also rendered as Sun Zi ) was a Chinese general , military strategist , and philosopher who lived in the ___MASK18___ and Autumn period ___MASK73___ ancient ___MASK50___ . Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author ___MASK73___ " The Art ___MASK73___ War ", a widely influential work ___MASK73___ military strategy that has affected both Western and Eastern philosophy . Aside from his legacy as the author ___MASK73___ " The Art ___MASK73___ War ", Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and the Culture ___MASK73___ Asia as a legendary historical figure . His birth name was Sun Wu , and he was known outside ___MASK73___ his family by his courtesy name Changqing . The name " Sun Tzu " by which he is best known in the West is an honorific which means " Master Sun ." ___MASK23___ , formerly romanized as Szechwan , is a province in southwest ___MASK50___ occupying most of the ___MASK23___ Basin between the Himalayas on the west , the Daba in the north , and the Yungui Plateau to the east . ___MASK23___ ' s capital is Chengdu . The ___MASK56___ dynasty was the second imperial dynasty ___MASK73___ ___MASK50___ ( 206 BC  220 AD ), preceded by the Qin dynasty ( 221  206 BC ) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period ( 220  280 AD ). Spanning over four centuries , the ___MASK56___ period is considered a golden age in Chinese history . To this day , ___MASK50___ ' s majority ethnic group refers to itself as the " ___MASK56___ people " and the Chinese script is referred to as " ___MASK56___ characters ". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang , known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu ___MASK73___ ___MASK56___ , and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty ( 9  23 AD ) ___MASK73___ the former regent Wang Mang . This interregnum separates the ___MASK56___ dynasty into two periods : the Western ___MASK56___ or Former ___MASK56___ ( 206 BC  9 AD ) and the Eastern ___MASK56___ or Later ___MASK56___ ( 25  220 AD ). ___MASK56___ Fei ( 233 BC ), also known as ___MASK56___ Fei Zi , was an influential political philosopher ___MASK73___ the Warring States period " Chinese Legalist " school . He synthesized the methods ___MASK73___ his predecessors , as described in his eponymous work , the ___MASK56___ Feizi . He is often considered to be the greatest representative ___MASK73___ Chinese Legalism , his work " ___MASK56___ Feizi " consisting ___MASK73___ the combination ___MASK73___ the core Legalist principles .