military_branch luigi cadorna
The Italian Royal ___MASK75___ ( ___MASK76___ Italiana ) was the name of the air force of the Kingdom of Italy . It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946 . In 1946 , the monarchy was abolished and the Kingdom of Italy became the Italian Republic , whereupon the name of the air force changed to Aeronautica Militare Italiana . In general , a civilian is " a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force ", as defined by Merriam Webster ' s Dictionary . From the perspective of the U . S . Department of Defense , Chapter 18 of Title 10 United States Code refers to non - military law enforcement officers as civilians since they are employees rather than enlisted personnel , and also in order to distinguish itself from ___MASK16___ . In military and law enforcement slang , the term " Civies " or " Civvies " are often used to refer civilian population or civilian clothing . World War I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First World War , or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . The ___MASK62___ ( Italian : Regia Marina ) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (" Regno d ' Italia ") from 1861 to 1946 . In 1946 , with the birth of the Italian Republic (" Repubblica Italiana "), the ___MASK62___ changed its name to Military Navy (" Marina Militare "). Military personnel are members of the armed forces . Usually , personnel are divided into military branches roughly defined by certain circumstances of their deployment . Those who serve in a typical large land force are soldiers , making up an ___MASK68___ . Those who serve in seagoing forces are seamen or sailors , and their branch is a navy or coast guard . Marines serve in a marine corps . In the 20th century , the development of powered flight aircraft prompted the development of air forces , serviced by airmen . Designated leaders of military personnel are officers . These include commissioned officers , warrant officers and non - commissioned officers ( NCOs ). For naval forces , non - commissioned officers are referred to as petty officers ( POs ). military personnel are instructed to wear dog tags Marshal of Italy Luigi Cadorna , OSML , OMS , OCI ( 4 September 1850 -- 21 December 1928 ) was an Italian General and Marshal of Italy , most famous for being the Chief of Staff of the Italian ___MASK68___ during the first part of World War I . Marshal of Italy ( Italian : " Maresciallo d ' Italia ") was a rank in the Italian Royal ___MASK68___ (" Regio Esercito "). Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring Generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz , the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943 . The rank was the highest in the Italian ___MASK68___ prior to the creation of the rank of First Marshal of the Empire in 1938 . The rank of Marshal of Italy was abolished in 1946 with the creation of the Republic of Italy . The equivalent Royal Navy (" Regia Marina ") rank was Grand Admiral (" Grande Ammiraglio "), while the equivalent Air Force (" ___MASK76___ ") rank was Marshal of the Air Force (" Maresciallo dell ' Aria "), all of them abolished for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Italy . Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches , in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy ' s small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from ___MASK50___ . The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I . It has become a byword for stalemate , attrition , sieges and futility in conflict . Marshal of the ___MASK75___ is the English term for the most senior rank in a number of air forces . The ranks described by this term can properly be considered marshal ranks .