original_language_of_work la wally
Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni ( 7 December 1863  2 August 1945 ) was an ___MASK57___ composer most noted for his operas . His 1890 masterpiece " Cavalleria Rusticana " caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single - handedly ushered in the " Verismo " movement in ___MASK57___ dramatic music . While it was often held that Mascagni , like Leoncavallo , was a " one - opera man " who could never repeat his first success , " L ' amico Fritz " and " Iris " have remained in the repertoire in Europe ( especially Italy ) since their premieres . Mascagni said that at one point , " Iris " was performed in Italy more often than " Cavalleria " ( cf . Stivender ). Antonio Salieri ( 18 August 17507 May 1825 ) was an ___MASK57___ classical composer , conductor , and teacher . He was born in Legnago , south of Verona , in the Republic of Venice , and spent his adult life and career as a subject of the Habsburg Monarchy . MILAN (" milan ( e )" is ___MASK77___ for kite ) is a European anti - tank guided missile . Design of the MILAN started in 1962 , it was ready for trials in 1971 , and was accepted for service in 1972 . It is a wire guided SACLOS ( semi - automatic command to line - of - sight ) missile , which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the target to guide the missile . The MILAN can be equipped with a MIRA or MILIS thermal sight to give it night - firing ability . La Wally is an opera in four acts by composer Alfredo Catalani , to a libretto by Luigi Illica , first performed at La Scala , Milan , on 20 January 1892 . The libretto is based on a hugely successful Heimatroman by Wilhelmine von Hillern ( 1836 -- 1916 ) , Die Geier - Wally , Eine Geschichte aus den Tyroler Alpen ( The Vulture Wally : A Story from the Tyrolean Alps ) . Wally , short for Walburga , is a girl with some heroic attributes . The story is based on an episode in the life of Tyrolean painter Anna Stainer - Knittel whom von Hillern met . She gets her `` Geier '' ( vulture ) epithet from once stealing a vulture ' s hatchling from her nest . Von Hillern ' s piece was originally serialized in Deutsche Rundschau , and was reproduced in ___MASK8___ as `` A German Peasant Romance '' , in the Cornhill Magazine in July 1875 . The opera is best known for its aria `` Ebben ? Ne andrò lontana '' ( `` Well , then ? I ' ll go far away , '' act 1 , sung when Wally decides to leave her home forever ) . American soprano Wilhelmenia Fernandez sang this aria in Jean - Jacques Beineix ' s 1981 movie Diva -- a performance at the heart of the thriller . Catalani had composed this aria independently as Chanson Groënlandaise in 1878 and later incorporated it into his opera . The opera features a memorable operatic death in which the heroine throws herself into an avalanche . It is seldom performed , partly because of the difficulty of staging this scene , but Wally ' s principal aria is still sung frequently . ___MASK57___ ( or " lingua italiana " ) is a Romance language . It is the second - closest to Latin in terms of vocabulary after Sardinian . ___MASK57___ is an official language in Italy , Switzerland , San Marino , Vatican City and western Istria ( in Slovenia and Croatia ). It used to have official status in Albania , Malta and Monaco , where it is still widely spoken , as well as in former ___MASK57___ East Africa and ___MASK57___ North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors . ___MASK57___ is spoken by small minorities in places such as France ( especially in Corsica ), Montenegro , Bosnia & Herzegovina , Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas . Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized ___MASK57___ and other regional languages . ___MASK57___ is the fourth most studied language in the world . Giuseppe Giacosa ( 21 October 1847  1 September 1906 ) was an ___MASK57___ poet , playwright and librettist . Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the ___MASK57___ Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia . It has since become a widespread , highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology . It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres . Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training . Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world , which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art . A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past . Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes ( like lawyers ' wigs or military officers ' spurs ), but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings . Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands of years  the word " tradition " itself derives from the ___MASK74___ " tradere " or " traderer " literally meaning to transmit , to hand over , to give for safekeeping . While it is commonly assumed that traditions have ancient history , many traditions have been invented on purpose , whether that be political or cultural , over short periods of time . Various academic disciplines also use the word in a variety of ways . Recitative ( also known by its ___MASK57___ name " recitativo ") is a style of delivery ( much used in operas , oratorios , and cantatas ) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech . Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do . It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition . Madama Butterfly (" Madame Butterfly ") is an opera in three acts ( originally two ) by Giacomo Puccini , with an ___MASK57___ libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa . The masque was a form of festive courtly entertainment that flourished in 16th - and early 17th - century Europe , though it was developed earlier in Italy , in forms including the intermedio ( a public version of the masque was the pageant ). A masque involved music and dancing , singing and acting , within an elaborate stage design , in which the architectural framing and costumes might be designed by a renowned architect , to present a deferential allegory flattering to the patron . Professional actors and musicians were hired for the speaking and singing parts . Often the masquers , who did not speak or sing , were courtiers : the ___MASK8___ queen Anne of Denmark frequently danced with her ladies in masques between 1603 and 1611 , and Henry VIII and Charles I of England performed in the masques at their courts . In the tradition of masque , Louis XIV of France danced in ballets at Versailles with music by Jean - Baptiste Lully . Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers , typically actors or actresses , to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place , often a stage . The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture , speech , song , music , and dance . Elements of art , such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality , presence and immediacy of the experience . The specific place of the performance is also named by the word " theatre " as derived from the Ancient ___MASK63___  ( théatron , " a place for viewing "), itself from  ( theáomai , " to see ", " to watch ", " to observe "). A Requiem or Requiem Mass , also known as Mass for the dead ( ___MASK74___ : " Missa pro defunctis ") or Mass of the dead ( ___MASK74___ : " Missa defunctorum "), is a Mass in the Catholic Church offered for the repose of the soul or souls of one or more deceased persons , using a particular form of the Roman Missal . It is frequently , but not necessarily , celebrated in the context of a funeral . Alberto Franchetti ( 18 September 18604 August 1942 ) was an ___MASK57___ opera composer . A cantata ( literally " sung ", past participle feminine singular of the ___MASK57___ verb " cantare ", " to sing ") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment , typically in several movements , often involving a choir . Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano ( 28 August 186712 November 1948 ) was an ___MASK57___ composer , mainly of operas . Europa riconosciuta ( meaning " Europa Revealed " or " Europa Recognized ") is an opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri , designated as a " dramma per musica ", set to an ___MASK57___ libretto by Mattia Verazi . Opera ( ___MASK8___ plural : " operas "; ___MASK57___ plural : " opere " ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and musical score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional opera , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech - inflected style and arias , a more melodic style . Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . La Scala ( abbreviation in ___MASK57___ language for the official name ) is an opera house in Milan , Italy . The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the "" ( New Royal - Ducal Theatre alla Scala ). The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri ' s " Europa riconosciuta ". Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an ___MASK57___ libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa . It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900 . The work , based on Victorien Sardou ' s 1887 French - language dramatic play , " La Tosca ", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800 , with the Kingdom of Naples ' s control of Rome threatened by Napoleon ' s invasion of Italy . It contains depictions of torture , murder and suicide , as well as some of Puccini ' s best - known lyrical arias . An orchestra is a large ___MASK38___ ensemble typical of classical music , which features string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and percussion instruments , grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances of some modern compositions , electronic instruments . Luigi Illica ( 9 May 1857  16 December 1919 ) was an ___MASK57___ librettist who wrote for Giacomo Puccini ( usually with Giuseppe Giacosa ), Pietro Mascagni , Alfredo Catalani , Umberto Giordano , Baron Alberto Franchetti and other important ___MASK57___ composers . His most famous opera libretti are those for " La Bohème ", " Tosca ", " Madama Butterfly " and " Andrea Chénier ". La bohème is an opera in four acts , composed by Giacomo Puccini to an ___MASK57___ libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa , based on " Scènes de la vie de bohème " by Henri Murger . The world premiere performance of " La bohème " was in Turin on 1 February 1896 at the Teatro Regio , conducted by the young Arturo Toscanini ; its U . S . premiere took place the following year , 1897 , in Los Angeles . Since then , " La bohème " has become part of the standard ___MASK57___ opera repertory and is one of the most frequently performed operas worldwide . A musical ensemble , also known as a music group or musical group , is a group of people who perform ___MASK38___ and / or vocal music , with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name . Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments , such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra . Some music ensembles consist solely of singers , such as choirs and doo wop groups . In both popular music and classical music , there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform , such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo ( harpsichord and cello ) and one or more singers . In classical music , trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families ( such as piano , strings , and wind instruments ) or group together instruments from the same instrument family , such as string ensembles ( e . g ., string quartet ) or wind ensembles ( e . g ., wind quintet ). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families , such as the orchestra , which uses a string section , brass instruments , woodwinds and percussion instruments , or the concert band , which uses brass , woodwinds and percussion . Jean - Jacques Beineix ( born 8 October 1946 ) is a ___MASK77___ film director and generally seen as the best example of what came to be called the " cinéma du look ". Critic Ginette Vincendeau defined the films made by Beineix and others as " youth - oriented films with high production values ... The " look " of the " cinéma du look " refers to the films ' high investment in non - naturalistic , self - conscious aesthetics , notably intense colours and lighting effects . Their spectacular ( studio based ) and technically brilliant " mise - en - scène " is usually put to the service of romantic plots ." The " cinéma du look " included the films of Luc Besson and Léos Carax . Luc Besson , like Beineix , was much maligned by the critical establishment during the 1980s , while Carax was much admired . In late 2006 , Beineix published a first volume of his autobiography , " Les Chantiers de la gloire " ( in ___MASK77___ only ). The title alluded to the ___MASK77___ title of Stanley Kubrick ' s film , Les Sentiers de la gloire (" Paths of Glory "). A libretto is the text used in , or intended for , an extended musical work such as an opera , operetta , masque , oratorio , cantata or musical . The term " libretto " is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works , such as the Mass , requiem and sacred cantata , or the story line of a ballet . Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini ( 22 December 1858 29 November 1924 ) was an ___MASK57___ opera composer who has been called " the greatest composer of ___MASK57___ opera after Verdi ". Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance . The term comes from a ___MASK63___ word meaning " action " ( Classical ___MASK63___ : , " drama "), which is derived from " to do " ( Classical ___MASK63___ : , " drao "). The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy . They are symbols of the ancient ___MASK63___ Muses , Thalia , and Melpomene . Thalia was the Muse of comedy ( the laughing face ), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy ( the weeping face ). Considered as a genre of poetry in general , the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle ' s " Poetics " ( c . 335 BCE ) the earliest work of dramatic theory . Andrea Chénier is a verismo opera in four acts by the composer Umberto Giordano , set to an ___MASK57___ libretto by Luigi Illica . It premiered on 28 March 1896 at La Scala , Milan . The opera ' s story is loosely based on the life of the French poet , André Chénier ( 1762 - 1794 ), who was executed during the French Revolution . The character Carlo Gérard is partly based on Jean - Lambert Tallien , a leader of the Revolution . Alfredo Catalani ( 19 June 1854  7 August 1893 ) was an ___MASK57___ operatic composer . He is best remembered for his operas " Loreley " ( 1890 ) and " La Wally " ( 1892 ). " La Wally " was composed to a libretto by Luigi Illica , and features Catalani ' s most famous aria " Ebben ? Ne andrò lontana ." This aria , sung by American soprano Wilhelmenia Fernandez , was at the heart of Jean - Jacques Beineix  s 1981 cult movie " Diva ". Catalani ' s other operas were much less successful .