instance_of pointillism
A brush is a ___MASK27___ with bristles , ___MASK71___ or other filaments , used for cleaning , grooming hair , make up , painting , ___MASK62___ finishing and for many other purposes . It is one of the most basic and versatile tools known to mankind , and the average household may contain several dozen varieties . It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed either parallel - or perpendicular - wise , depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use . The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards of its ___MASK43___ , such as corrosive chemicals , heat or abrasion . The Société des Artistes Indépendants (" ___MASK35___ of Independent Artists "), Salon des Indépendants was formed in Paris on 29 July 1884 . The association began with the organization of massive exhibitions in Paris , choosing the slogan "" sans jury ni récompense "" (" without jury nor reward "). Albert Dubois - Pillet , Odilon Redon , Georges Seurat and Paul Signac were among its founders . For the following three decades their annual exhibitions set the trends in art of the early 20th century , along with the Salon d ' Automne . This is where artworks were often first displayed and widely discussed . World War I brought a closure to the salon , though the " Artistes Indépendants " remained active . Since 1920 , the headquarters is located in the vast basements of the Grand Palais ( next door to the " Société des Artistes Français ", the " Société Nationale des Beaux - Arts ", the Société du Salon d ' Automne , and others ). An ___MASK93___ critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing , interpreting and evaluating ___MASK93___ . Their written critiques or reviews contribute to ___MASK93___ ___MASK10___ and they are published in newspapers , magazines , books , exhibition brochures and catalogues and on web sites . Some of today ' s ___MASK93___ critics use ___MASK93___ blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate about ___MASK93___ . ___MASK28___ is the ___MASK65___ of applying paint , ___MASK2___ , color or other medium to a solid ___MASK62___ ( support ___MASK4___ ). The medium is commonly applied to the ___MASK4___ with a brush , but other implements , such as knives , sponges , and airbrushes , can be used . An ___MASK70___ is a tendency or ___MASK37___ in ___MASK93___ with a specific common philosophy or ___MASK23___ , followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time , ( usually a few months , years or decades ) or , at least , with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years . Art movements were especially important in modern ___MASK93___ , when each consecutive movement was considered as a new avant - garde . Paul Victor Jules Signac ( 11 ___MASK48___ 1863  15 ___MASK99___ 1935 ) was a French Neo - Impressionist painter who , working with Georges Seurat , helped develop the Pointillist style . Paris ( French : ) is the ___MASK32___ and most populous city of France . It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2 , 229 , 621 within its administrative limits . The city is both a ___MASK53___ and department , and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île - de - France , or Paris Region , which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12 , 005 , 077 , comprising 18 . 2 percent of the population of France . Pointillism / pntlzm / is a technique of ___MASK28___ in which small , distinct dots of ___MASK89___ are applied in patterns to form an image . Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886 , branching from Impressionism . The ___MASK42___ `` Pointillism '' was first coined by ___MASK93___ critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists , and is now used without its earlier mocking connotation . The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo - Impressionism . The Divisionists , too , used a similar technique of patterns to form images , though with larger cube - like brushstrokes . Georges - Pierre Seurat ( 2 ___MASK58___ 1859  29 March 1891 ) was a French post - Impressionist painter and draftsman . He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism . Seurat ' s artistic personality was compounded of qualities which are usually supposed to be opposed and incompatible : on the one hand , his extreme and delicate sensibility ; on the other , a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind . His large - scale work , " A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte " ( 1884  1886 ), altered the ___MASK22___ of modern art by initiating Neo - impressionism , and is one of the icons of late 19th - century painting . An airbrush is a small , air - operated ___MASK27___ that sprays various media , most often paint but also ___MASK14___ and dye , by a process of nebulization . Spray painting developed from the airbrush and is considered to employ a type of airbrush . Neo - Impressionism is a ___MASK42___ coined by French ___MASK93___ critic Félix Fénéon in 1886 to describe an ___MASK70___ founded by Georges Seurat . Seurat  s greatest masterpiece , " A Sunday Afternoon on the ___MASK46___ of La Grande Jatte ", marked the beginning of this movement when it first made its appearance at an ___MASK25___ of the Société des Artistes Indépendants ( Salon des Indépendants ) in Paris . Around this ___MASK100___ , the peak of France  s modern era emerged and many painters were in search of new methods . Followers of Neo - Impressionism , in particular , were drawn to modern urban scenes as well as landscapes and seashores . Science - based interpretation of lines and colors influenced Neo - Impressionists ' characterization of their own contemporary ___MASK93___ . The Pointillist and Divisionist techniques are often mentioned in this context , because it was the dominant technique in the beginning of the Neo - impressionist movement . Paint is any ___MASK79___ , liquefiable , or mastic ___MASK8___ that , after ___MASK43___ to a substrate in a thin layer , converts to a solid film . It is most commonly used to protect , color , or provide texture to objects . Paint can be made or purchased in many colors  and in many different types , such as watercolor , synthetic , etc . Paint is typically stored , sold , and applied as a ___MASK79___ , but most types dry into a solid . ___MASK89___ ( American English ) or colour ( Commonwealth English ) is the characteristic of human visual ___MASK13___ described through color " categories ", with names such as red , yellow , purple , or bronze . This ___MASK13___ of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by ___MASK76___ in the spectrum of light . ___MASK89___ categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them . This reflection is governed by the object ' s physical properties such as light absorption , emission spectra , etc . Human trichromacy is the basis for all modern color spaces that assign colors numerical coordinates and associate corresponding distances between colors . A Sunday Afternoon on the ___MASK46___ of La Grande Jatte painted in 1884 , is one of Georges Seurat ' s most famous works . It is a leading example of pointillism technique , executed on a large canvas . Seurat ' s ___MASK8___ includes a number of Parisians at a park on the banks of the River Seine . Modern ___MASK93___ includes artistic work produced during the ___MASK91___ extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s , and denotes the style and philosophy of the ___MASK93___ produced during that era . The term is usually associated with ___MASK93___ in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation . Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of ___MASK93___ . A tendency away from the narrative , which was characteristic for the traditional arts , toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern ___MASK93___ . More recent artistic production is often called contemporary ___MASK93___ or postmodern ___MASK93___ . Impressionism is a 19th - ___MASK60___ ___MASK70___ characterized by relatively small , thin , yet visible brush strokes , open ___MASK8___ , emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities ( often accentuating the effects of the passage of ___MASK100___ ), ordinary subject matter , inclusion of " movement " as a crucial element of human perception and experience , and unusual visual angles . Impressionism originated with a group of Paris - based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s . A ___MASK2___ is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength - selective absorption . This physical process differs from fluorescence , phosphorescence , and other forms of luminescence , in which a material emits light . The face is a central ___MASK34___ of sense and is also very central in the expression of ___MASK31___ among humans and among numerous other species . The face is normally found on the anterior (" frontal ", " rostral ") surface of the head of animals or humans , although not all animals have faces . The face is crucial for human identity , and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities have effects stretching beyond those of solely physical inconvenience . Félix Fénéon ( 22 ___MASK5___ 1861 , Turin , Italy  29 ___MASK97___ 1944 , Châtenay - Malabry ) was a Parisian anarchist and ___MASK93___ critic during the late 19th ___MASK60___ . He coined the term " Neo - Impressionism " in 1886 to identify a group of artists led by Georges Seurat , and ardently promoted them .