occupation akong rinpoche
A ___MASK67___ ( also tülku , trulku ) is a custodian of a specific lineage of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism who is given empowerments and trained from a young age by students of his predecessor . England is a country that is part of the ___MASK77___ . It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west . The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain ( which lies in the North Atlantic ) in its centre and south ; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly , and the Isle of Wight . Rainbow Body is an orchestral composition by the American ___MASK56___ Christopher Theofanidis . It was commissioned by the Houston Symphony , which first performed the work in April 2000 under the ___MASK1___ Robert Spano . The piece is dedicated to the Texas lawyer and ___MASK6___ Glen Rosenbaum . " Rainbow Body " is one of Theofanidis ' s most - performed compositions and won the 2003 London Masterprize competition . Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet , the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia . It derives from the latest stages of Indian Buddhism and preserves " the Tantric status quo of eighth - century India ." Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body . The Jonang is one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism . Its origins in Tibet can be traced to early 12th century ___MASK94___ Yumo Mikyo Dorje , but became much wider known with the help of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen , a ___MASK46___ originally trained in the Sakya school . The Jonang school was widely thought to have become extinct in the late 17th century at the hands of the 5th Dalai ___MASK23___ , who forcibly annexed the Jonang monasteries to his Gelug school , declaring them heretical . A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography . A country may be an independent ___MASK86___ state or one that is occupied by another state , as a non - ___MASK86___ or formerly ___MASK86___ political division , or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics . Regardless of the physical geography , in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945 , a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction . The Hebrides ( Scottish Gaelic : " Innse Gall "; Old Norse : " Suðreyjar ") comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland . There are two main groups : the Inner and Outer Hebrides . These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic , and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic , Norse , and English - speaking peoples . This ___MASK52___ is reflected in the names given to the islands , which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times . In Buddhism , buddhahood (, or ) is the condition or rank of a buddha ( or , , Pali / ___MASK25___ for " awakened one "). The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four ___MASK97___ schools of Tibetan Buddhism ( the other three being the Kagyu , Sakya and Gelug ). " Nyingma " literally means " ancient ," and is often referred to as Ngangyur (, " school of the ancient translations " or " old school ") because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Old Tibetan in the eighth century . The Tibetan alphabet and grammar was actually created for this endeavour . The Sakya (" pale earth ") school is one of four ___MASK97___ schools of Tibetan Buddhism , the others being the Nyingma , Kagyu , and Gelug . It is one of the Red Hat sects along with the Nyingma and Kagyu . Buddhism ( or ) is a ___MASK92___ and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much of Asia , whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages . Two ___MASK97___ extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : " The School of the Elders ") and ___MASK84___ ( Sanskrit : " The Great Vehicle "). Buddhism is the world ' s fourth - largest ___MASK92___ , with over 500 million followers or 7 % of the global population , known as Buddhists . The Kagyu , Kagyü , or Kagyud school , also known as the "" Oral Lineage "" or " Whispered Transmission " school , is today regarded as one of six main schools (" chos lugs ") of Himalayan or Tibetan Buddhism , the other five being the Nyingma , Sakya , Jonang , Gelug and Bon . Along with the Sakya and Gelug schools , the Kagyu tradition is classified as one of the Sarma or " New Transmission " schools of Vajrayna founded during the second diffusion of Buddhism into Tibet ( diffusing the so - called " New Tantras "). It is a Red Hat sect along with the Nyingma and Sakya . The Gelug , Gelug - pa , dGe Lugs Pa , dge - lugs - pa or Dgelugspa is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism . It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa ( 1357  1419 ), a ___MASK8___ and Tibetan ___MASK71___ . The first monastery he established was named Ganden , and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school , though its most influential figure is the Dalai Lama . Allying themselves with the Mongols as a powerful patron , the Gelug emerged as the pre - eminent Buddhist school in Tibet since the end of the 16th century . The ___MASK77___ of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the ___MASK77___ ( UK ) or Britain , is a ___MASK86___ country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another ___MASK86___ statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest ___MASK86___ state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Tibet ( Tibetan Pinyin : " boe ", ; / i t  s¹ /) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa , Qiang , and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people . Tibet is the highest region on Earth , with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest , Earth ' s highest ___MASK100___ , rising 8 , 848 m ( 29 , 029 ft ) above sea level . The Himalayas , or Himalaya , ( or ) are a ___MASK100___ range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau . The SASM / GNC / SRC romanization of Tibetan , commonly known as Tibetan pinyin , is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People ' s Republic of China for personal names and place names . It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation except that it does not mark tone . It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script within ___MASK24___ circles ; Wylie transliteration ( with a " v " replacing the apostrophe ) is more commonly used . Scotland ( Scots : ) is a country that is part of the ___MASK77___ and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain . It shares a border with England to the south , and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south - west . In addition to the mainland , the country is made up of more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Northern Isles is an archipelago comprising a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland . The climate is cool and temperate and much influenced by the surrounding seas . There are two main island groups : Shetland and Orkney . There are a total of 26 inhabited islands with landscapes of the fertile agricultural islands of Orkney contrasting with the more rugged Shetland islands to the north , where the economy is more dependent on fishing and the oil wealth of the surrounding seas . Both have a developing renewable energy industry . They also share a common Pictish and Norse history . Both island groups were absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland in the 15th century and remained part of the country following the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 , and later the ___MASK77___ after 1801 . The islands played a significant naval role during the world wars of the 20th century . Bon or Bön is a Tibetan ___MASK92___ , which self - identifies as being distinct from Tibetan Buddhism , although it shares the same overall teachings and terminology . It arose in the eleventh century and established its scriptures mainly from termas and visions by tertöns such as Loden Nyingpo . Though Bon terma contain myths of Bon existing before the introduction of Buddhism in Tibet , " in truth the ' old ___MASK92___ ' was a new ___MASK92___ ." Chöje Akong ___MASK67___ Rinpoche ( 25 December 1939 -- 8 October 2013 ) was a ___MASK67___ in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and a founder of the Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland .