member_of_political_party roberto leal monteiro
</ div > War is a state of armed conflict between societies . It is generally characterized by extreme aggression , destruction , and mortality , using regular or irregular ___MASK28___ forces . An absence of war is usually called " peace ". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war , or of wars in general . Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate ___MASK28___ targets , and can result in massive civilian or other non - combatant casualties . A commander - in - chief is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation ' s ___MASK28___ forces or significant elements of those forces . In the latter case , the force element is those forces within a particular region , or associated by function . As a practical term ; it refers to ___MASK28___ competencies that reside in a nation - state ' s executive leadership  either a head of state , a head of government , a minister of defence , a national cabinet , or some other collegial body . Often , a given country ' s commander - in - chief ( if held by an official ) need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran . This follows the principle of civilian control of the ___MASK28___ . A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography . A country may be an ___MASK24___ sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state , as a non - sovereign or formerly sovereign political division , or a geographic region associated with sets of previously ___MASK24___ or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics . Regardless of the physical geography , in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945 , a resident of a country is subject to the ___MASK24___ exercise of legal jurisdiction . General Francisco Higino Lopes Carneiro is Governor of the province of Luanda in Angola . He is , along with fellow " top generals " João Maria de Sousa , Hélder Vieira Dias , Roberto Leal Monteiro , and Kundi Paihama , one of the ___MASK28___ leaders holding top ministerial posts for the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola , the political party that has ruled Angola since it gained its independence from Portugal in 1975 . The ___MASK37___ of the Congo , also known as the Congo ___MASK37___ , West Congo , Congo - Brazzaville or simply Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by five countries : Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west ; Cameroon to the northwest ; the Central African ___MASK37___ to the northeast ; the Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo to the east and south ; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest . The ___MASK37___ of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north - east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south - central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . José Eduardo dos Santos ( born 28 August 1942 ) is an Angolan politician who has been President of Angola since 1979 . As President , José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces ( FAA ) and president of the People ' s Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( ___MASK55___ ), the party that has ruled Angola since it gained independence in 1975 . He is the second - longest - serving leader in Africa , surpassed only by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea , who took power less than two months before dos Santos . The ___MASK28___ , also called the armed forces , are forces authorized to use deadly force , and weapons , to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens . The task of the ___MASK28___ is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens , and the prosecution of war against another state . The ___MASK28___ may also have additional sanctioned and non - sanctioned functions within a society , including , the promotion of a political agenda , protecting corporate economic interests , internal population control , construction , emergency services , social ceremonies , and guarding important areas . The ___MASK28___ can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society , through the development of separate infrastructures , which may include housing , schools , utilities , food production and banking . Angola , officially the ___MASK37___ of Angola (; Kikongo , Kimbundu and Umbundu : " Repubilika ya Ngola "), is a country in Southern Africa . It is the seventh - largest country in Africa and is bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo to the north and east , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to west . The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the ___MASK37___ of the Congo and the Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the ___MASK71___ Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . The European ___MASK91___ ( EU ) is a political and economic ___MASK91___ of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary ___MASK91___ was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . Portugal ( Portuguese : ), officially the Portuguese ___MASK37___ ( Portuguese : ), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal  Spain border is long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European ___MASK91___ . The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . General Roberto Leal Monteiro , nicknamed Ngongo , is Home Affairs Minister of Angola , a top governmental position in that country . He is -- along with fellow `` top generals '' Francisco Higino Carneiro , João Maria de Sousa , Hélder Vieira Dias , and Kundi Paihama -- one of the ___MASK28___ leaders holding top ministerial posts for the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola , the political party that has ruled Angola since it gained its independence from Portugal in 1975 . Namibia , officially the ___MASK37___ of Namibia ( German : ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean . It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River ( essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana / Zambia micro - border ) separates the two countries . Namibia gained ___MASK14___ from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of ___MASK14___ . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ), the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ), the African ___MASK91___ ( AU ), and the Commonwealth of Nations . The armed forces of a country are its government - sponsored defense , fighting forces , and organizations . They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors . In broad usage , the terms " armed forces " and " ___MASK28___ " are often treated synonymously , although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country ' s armed forces may include both its ___MASK28___ and other paramilitary forces . Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives . The study of the use of armed forces is called ___MASK28___ science . Broadly speaking , this involves considering offense and defense at three " levels ": strategy , operational art , and tactics . All three levels study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective . General Manuel Hélder Vieira Dias Jr , known by the nickname " Kopelipa ", is director of the National Reconstruction Office , a top governmental position in Angola . He is  along with fellow " top generals " Francisco Higino Carneiro , João Maria de Sousa , Roberto Leal Monteiro , and Kundi Paihama  one of the ___MASK28___ leaders holding top ministerial posts for the People ' s Movement for the Liberation of Angola , the political party that has ruled Angola since it gained its independence from Portugal in 1975 . The general has been referred to as " the highest and most trusted member of the president  s entourage ". The Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , East Congo , Congo - Kinshasa , or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . From 1971 to 1997 it was named , and is sometimes still called Zaire , and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo . The DRC borders the Central African ___MASK37___ , and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the ___MASK37___ of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second - largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic ___MASK37___ of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most - populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world . A ___MASK37___ ( from ) is a sovereign state , country , or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law . In modern times , the definition of a ___MASK37___ commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch . Currently , 147 of the world ' s 206 sovereign states use the word " ___MASK37___ " as part of their official names ; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments , nor do all nations with elected governments use the word " ___MASK37___ " in their names . General João Maria de Sousa is the Attorney General of Angola and " the top magistrate of the Prosecuting Council ". In a December 2007 ceremony reconfirming his post ( which has been held since at least 2004 ) and attended by members of the press , de Sousa was photographed being sworn into office by José Eduardo dos Santos , President , Head of Government , and Commander - in - Chief of the Armed Forces of Angola .