instance_of operation cottage
The Aleutian Islands ___MASK32___ was a ___MASK16___ campaign conducted by the United States in the Aleutian Islands , part of the Alaska Territory , in the American theater and the Pacific theater of World War II starting on 3 June 1942 . A small Japanese force occupied the islands of Attu and Kiska , where the remoteness of the islands and the challenges of weather and terrain delayed for nearly a year a larger U . S ./ Canadian force to eject them . The islands ' strategic value was their ability to control Pacific transportation routes , which is why U . S . General Billy Mitchell stated to the U . S . Congress in 1935 , " I believe that in the future , whoever holds Alaska ___MASK39___ hold the world . I think it is the most important strategic place in the world ." The Japanese reasoned that control of the Aleutians would prevent a possible U . S . attack across the Northern Pacific . Similarly , the U . S . feared that the islands would be used as bases from which to launch aerial assaults against the West Coast . Immersion foot syndromes include trench foot , tropical immersion foot , and warm ___MASK18___ immersion foot . The ___MASK16___ , also called the ___MASK31___ , are forces authorized to use deadly force , and weapons , to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens . The task of the ___MASK16___ is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens , and the prosecution of war against another state . The ___MASK16___ may also have additional sanctioned and non - sanctioned functions within a ___MASK9___ , including , the ___MASK12___ of a political agenda , protecting corporate economic interests , internal population control , construction , emergency services , social ceremonies , and guarding important areas . The ___MASK16___ can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil ___MASK9___ , through the development of separate infrastructures , which may include housing , schools , utilities , food production and banking . Kiska is an ___MASK49___ in the ___MASK48___ Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska . It is about long and varies in width from . It is part of Aleutian Islands Wilderness and as such , special permissions are required to visit it . ___MASK71___ I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First ___MASK71___ , or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 ___MASK27___ 1918 . More than 70 million ___MASK16___ personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in ___MASK8___ . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in ___MASK8___ , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . Friendly ___MASK68___ is an attack by a ___MASK16___ force on non - enemy , own , allied or neutral , forces while attempting to attack the enemy , either by misidentifying the target as hostile , or due to errors or inaccuracy . Fire not intended to attack the enemy , such as negligent discharge and deliberate firing on one ' s own troops for disciplinary reasons , is not called friendly ___MASK68___ . Nor is unintentional harm to non - combatants or structures , which is sometimes referred to as " collateral damage ". Training accidents and bloodless incidents also do not qualify as friendly ___MASK68___ in terms of casualty reporting . Japan (" Nippon " or " Nihon " ; formally "" or " Nihon - koku ", means " ___MASK84___ of Japan ") is a sovereign ___MASK92___ in Eastern Asia . Located in the Pacific Ocean , It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland ( east of China , Korea , Russia ) and stretching from the ___MASK46___ of Okhotsk in the north to the East China ___MASK46___ and near Taiwan in the southwest . Trench foot is a medical ___MASK76___ caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp , unsanitary , and cold conditions . It is one of many immersion foot syndromes . The use of the ___MASK10___ " trench " in the name of this ___MASK76___ is a ___MASK45___ to trench warfare , mainly associated with World War I , which started in 1914 . Collateral ___MASK85___ is a general term for deaths , injuries , or other ___MASK85___ inflicted on an unintended target . In ___MASK16___ terminology , it is frequently used for the incidental killing or wounding of non - combatants or ___MASK85___ to non - combatant ___MASK52___ during an attack on a legitimate ___MASK16___ target . The unintentional destruction of friendly targets is called friendly fire . ___MASK71___ II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second ___MASK71___ , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing ___MASK16___ alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in ___MASK8___ , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and ___MASK16___ resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made ___MASK71___ II the deadliest ___MASK22___ in human ___MASK8___ . Alaska is a U . S . ___MASK84___ located in the northwest extremity of North America . The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon ___MASK51___ the ___MASK84___ to the east ; its most extreme western part is Attu ___MASK49___ ; it has a maritime ___MASK51___ with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait . To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas  the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean . The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest . Alaska is the largest ___MASK84___ in the United States by area , the 3rd least populous and the least densely populated of the 50 United States . Approximately half of Alaska ' s residents ( the total estimated at 738 , 432 by the U . S . ___MASK4___ Bureau in 2015 ) live within the Anchorage metropolitan area . Alaska ' s ___MASK14___ is dominated by the fishing , natural gas , and oil industries , resources which it has in abundance . ___MASK16___ bases and tourism are also a significant part of the ___MASK14___ . Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches , in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy ' s ___MASK29___ ___MASK68___ and are substantially sheltered from ___MASK89___ . The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western ___MASK79___ in World War I . It has become a byword for stalemate , attrition , sieges and futility in ___MASK22___ . William Lendrum " Billy " Mitchell ( ___MASK2___ 29 , 1879  February 19 , 1936 ) was a United States Army general who is regarded as the father of the United States Air Force . Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands ___MASK32___ . On August 15 , 1943 , Allied ___MASK16___ forces landed on Kiska Island , which had been occupied by Japanese forces since June , 1942 . The Japanese , however , had secretly abandoned the island two weeks prior , and so the Allied landings were unopposed . Despite this , after over two days in thick fog and in a confused state of affairs , U . S . and Canadian forces mistook each other for the enemy . The brief firefight left 32 dead , with a further 50 wounded on either side and 130 trench foot wounds . Allied forces suffered over 300 casualties in total during the operation , due to stray Japanese mines , friendly fire incidents , and the difficult terrain .