ethnic_group parween pazhwak
Kabul ( Pashto /) is the capital of Afghanistan as well as its largest city , located in the eastern section of the country . According to a 2015 estimate , the population of the city was around 3 , 678 , 033 which includes all the major ethnic groups . Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world ' s 64th largest city and the fifth fastest - growing city in the world . Afghanistan ( Pashto / Dari : , " Afnistn "), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South ___MASK59___ and Central ___MASK59___ . It has a population of approximately 32 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast . Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world . Pashto (; " Pax  t " ), also known in older literature as Afghn or Pahn , is the South - Central Asian language of the Pashtuns . Its speakers are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans . It is an Eastern Iranian language , belonging to the Indo - ___MASK34___ family . Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan , and it is the second - largest regional language of Pakistan , mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country . Pakistan ' s Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) are almost 100 % Pashto - speaking , while it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan . Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world . The total number of Pashto - speakers is estimated to be 45  60 million people worldwide . Parween Pazhwak ( born in 1967 in Kabul ) is an Afghan artist from Afghanistan and a modern poet and writer of the Persian language . Parween was born to the Pazhwak literary and political family , her father and mother being Ne ' matulla Pazhwak and Afifah Pazhwak , respectively . Parween is the grand daughter of Abdul Rahman Pazhwak . She went to the French - taught Malalai school and completed studying medicine in the Avicenna Medical Institute . Following the Soviet Union ' s invasion of Afghanistan , she spent two years in ___MASK61___ as a transit refugee before moving to Canada as an asylum seeker . She now lives in Ontario together with her husband and children . Mrs . Pazhwak considers the best time in her life to be her days as a student and life in exile to be among her most difficult times . Her works of literature include modern Persian poetry , short stories , and paintings for children . She has eleven works of art in total so far . Two of her most famous published books are Darya dar Shabnam ( Oceans in Dew ) and Negin - ha wa Setara - ha ( Gems and Stars ) . Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas , " the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas ", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change . It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas . The United Nations projected that half of the world ' s population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 . It is predicted that by 2050 about 64 % of the developing world and 86 % of the developed world will be urbanized . That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050 , much of which will occur in Africa and ___MASK59___ . Notably , the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2016 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities , about 1 . 1 billion new urbanites over the next 14 years . Afghan ( Pashto also Persian :  ; see " etymology ") refers to someone or something from Afghanistan , in particular a citizen of that country . Prior to the rise of the nation as Afghanistan , it was used by Persian speakers and those influenced by the Persian language to denote the ___MASK71___ . In modern times , " Afghan " is rarely used as an ethnic term for the Pashtuns , but is rather used as the national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan  Pashtuns , Tajiks , and also a large number of Hazaras , Uzbeks , Aimaqs , Turkmens , Balochs , Nuristanis , Pashayis , Pamiris , Arabs , and others . According to the " Encyclopædia Iranica ", the word Afghan ( afn ) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan , regardless of their tribal or religious affiliation . According to the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan , all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law . The fourth article of the current Constitution of Afghanistan states that citizens of Afghanistan consist of Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazara , Uzbek , Turkmen , Aymaq , Arab , Baluch , Pashayi , Nuristani , Qezelbash , Gujjars , Brahui , and members of other tribes .