genre le sommeil du monstre
Métal hurlant ( literal translation : " Screaming Metal ") is a French comics ___MASK42___ of science fiction and horror comics stories , created in December 1974 by comics artists Jean Giraud ( better known as " Mœbius ") and Philippe Druillet together with journalist - writer Jean - Pierre Dionnet and financial director Bernard Farkas . Le Sommeil du monstre written and drawn by Enki Bilal , is a Franco - Belgian ___MASK76___ book in the sci - fi genre , and the first of a series of four volumes in French titled Tétralogie du Monstre . It was first published in 1998 by the editor Les Humanoïdes Associés . This album has been translated into English as The Dormant Beast , and along with the following two volumes , 32 décembre and Rendez - vous à Paris , published in English under the title The Beast Trilogy : Chapters 1 & 2 , by Humanoids Publishing . Famous Funnies is an American publication of the 1930s that represents what popular ___MASK1___ historians consider the first true American ___MASK76___ book , following seminal precursors . Philippe Druillet ( born June 28 , 1944 ) is a French comics artist and creator , and an innovator in visual ___MASK34___ . An American ___MASK76___ book is a thin ( typically 32 - page ) periodical containing primarily comics content . A ___MASK36___ is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a ___MASK81___ , often serialized , with text in balloons and captions . Traditionally , throughout the 20th century and into the 21st , these have been published in newspapers and magazines , with horizontal strips printed in black - and - white in daily newspapers , while Sunday newspapers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections . With the development of the internet , they began to appear online as web comics . There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century , for a total of at least 7 , 300 , 000 episodes . Sir Ridley Scott ( born 30 November 1937 ) is an English film director and producer . Following his commercial breakthrough with the ___MASK62___ - ___MASK2___ ___MASK56___ film " Alien " ( 1979 ), his best known works are the neo - noir dystopian ___MASK62___ ___MASK2___ film " Blade Runner " ( 1982 ), crime drama " Thelma & Louise " ( 1991 ), historical drama and Best Picture Oscar winner " Gladiator " ( 2000 ), war film " Black Hawk Down " ( 2001 ), crime thriller " Hannibal " ( 2001 ), biographical film " American Gangster " ( 2007 ), and ___MASK62___ ___MASK2___ films " Prometheus " ( 2012 ) and " The Martian " ( 2015 ). The ___MASK43___ of comics has followed different paths in different cultures . Scholars have posited a pre - ___MASK43___ as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings . By the mid - 20th century , comics flourished particularly in the United States , western Europe ( especially in France and Belgium ), and Japan . The ___MASK43___ of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer ' s cartoon strips of the 1830s , and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as " The Adventures of Tintin ". American comics emerged as a ___MASK40___ medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips ; magazine - style comic books followed in the 1930s , in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938 . Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century . Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century , and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post - World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka . had a lowbrow reputation for much of its ___MASK43___ , but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia . ___MASK62___ ___MASK2___ ( often shortened to SF , sci - fi or scifi ) is a genre of ___MASK45___ , typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology , space travel , time travel , faster than light travel , parallel universes , and extraterrestrial life . ___MASK62___ ___MASK2___ often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations , and has been called a " literature of ideas ." It usually avoids the supernatural , and unlike the related genre of fantasy , historically science ___MASK2___ stories were intended to have a grounding in science - based fact or theory at the time the story was created , but this connection is now limited to hard science ___MASK2___ . Rendez - vous à Paris is a French ___MASK76___ book by Enki Bilal , and the third album of the tetralogy featuring Nike Hatzfeld . A ___MASK76___ book or comicbook , also called ___MASK76___ magazine or simply ___MASK76___ , is a publication that consists of ___MASK76___ art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes . Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written ___MASK81___ , usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form . Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe , ___MASK76___ books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s . The first modern ___MASK76___ book , " Famous Funnies ", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor ___MASK76___ strips , which had established many of the story - telling devices used in comics . The term " ___MASK76___ book " derives from American ___MASK76___ books once being a compilation of ___MASK76___ strips of a humorous tone ; however , this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres , usually not humorous in tone . Enki Bilal ( born October 7 , 1951 ) is a French ___MASK76___ book creator , comics artist and film director . Blade Runner is a 1982 American neo - noir ___MASK68___ directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Harrison Ford , Rutger Hauer , Sean Young , and Edward James Olmos . The film , written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples , is an adaptation of the 1968 novel " Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep ?" by Philip K . Dick . Les Humanoïdes Associés is a French publishing house specialising in comics and graphic novels . Founded in December 1974 by Mœbius , Jean - Pierre Dionnet , Philippe Druillet and Bernard Farkas in order to publish " Métal Hurlant ", it quickly expanded to include a ___MASK14___ of science fiction work . Considered revolutionary in the comic book artform at the time , chiefly due to its focus on the sci - fi genre , it inspired many generations of authors and filmmakers , such as Ridley Scott for his film " Blade Runner ". A ___MASK5___ is a book made up of comics content . Although the word " novel " normally refers to long fictional works , the term " ___MASK5___ " is applied broadly and includes fiction , non - fiction , and anthologized work . It is distinguished from the term " comic book ", which is used for comics periodicals .