date_of_death francesco guerini
William III ( ___MASK92___  8 March 1702 ; also widely known as William of Orange ) was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth , Stadtholder of Holland , Zeeland , Utrecht , Gelderland , and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672 , and King of England , Ireland , and Scotland from 1689 until his death . It is a coincidence that his regnal number ( III ) was the same for both Orange and England . As King of Scotland , he is known as William II . He is informally known by sections of the population in Northern Ireland and Scotland as " King Billy ". Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London . Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east , East Sussex to the south - east , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west and south - west and Berkshire to the north - west . The county town is Guildford . Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames , administered as part of Greater London since ___MASK30___ . With a resident population of ___MASK74___ . ___MASK74___ million , Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region , after Kent and Hampshire . The Treaty of Utrecht , which established the Peace of Utrecht , is a series of individual peace treaties , rather than a single document , signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession , in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April ___MASK89___ . The treaties between several European states , including Spain , Great Britain , France , Portugal , Savoy and the Dutch Republic , helped end the war . England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west . The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain ( which lies in the North Atlantic ) in its centre and south ; and includes over ___MASK49___ smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly , and the Isle of Wight . Francesco Guerini ( fl . ___MASK10___ -- 1770 ) was a Neapolitan violinist and composer whose works were published throughout Europe in the mid 18th century . While his birthdate is unknown , Guerini worked in The Hague for the Prince of Orange from ___MASK10___ until 1760 , at which time he moved to London , where he was active until 1770 . Most of Guerini ' s published compositions were sonatas for one or two violins and continuo , but he also wrote keyboard works as well as Six Sonates / A deux Flûtes , ou deux Violons ... Ouevre III ( with no continuo ) , Paris , ca . 1750 , or Six Solos for a Violoncello with a Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord , Opus ___MASK51___ , first published in London in 1765 . Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg , and centred on the region of Prussia . For centuries , the House of ruled Prussia , successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well - organised and effective army . Prussia , with its capital in and from ___MASK75___ in Berlin , shaped the history of Germany . In 1871 , German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership . In November 1918 , the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 1918  19 . The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republic  the Free State of Prussia , a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933 . From 1933 , Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup , when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state . With the end of the Nazi regime , the division of Germany into allied - occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line , which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union , the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945 . Prussia existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No . 46 of 25 February 1947 . Great Britain , also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth - largest in the world . In ___MASK23___ the island had a population of about ___MASK59___ million people , making it the world ' s third - most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it , and together these islands , along with over ___MASK74___ , 000 smaller surrounding islands , comprise the British Isles archipelago . Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around ___MASK47___ . Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port , serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century . Frederick I ( 11 ___MASK53___  25 February 1713 ), of the Hohenzollern dynasty , was ( as Frederick III ) Elector of Brandenburg ( 1688  1713 ) and Duke of Prussia in personal union ( Brandenburg - Prussia ). The latter function he upgraded to royalty , becoming the first King in Prussia ( ___MASK75___  1713 ). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel . He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great . The Principality of Orange ( in French " la Principauté d ' Orange ") was , from ___MASK86___ to ___MASK89___ , a feudal state in Provence , in the south of modern - day France , on the left bank of the river Rhone north of the city of Avignon . The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over ___MASK79___ million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . The Mayor of London is an elected politician who , along with the London Assembly of ___MASK57___ members , is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London . The current mayor is Sadiq Khan , who took up office on ___MASK51___ May 2016 . The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on ___MASK95___ May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson , who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan . France , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans and had a total population of almost ___MASK82___ million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom , as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it " Londinium ". London ' s ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , " London " has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . The City of London is a city and county within London . It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages , but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City ' s borders . The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London , though it remains a notable part of central London . Administratively , it forms one of the ___MASK48___ local authority districts of Greater London ; however , the City of London is not a London borough , a status reserved for the other ___MASK37___ districts ( including London ' s only other city , the City of Westminster ). Middlesex ( abbreviation : Middx ) was a county in southeast England that is now mostly part of Greater London , with small sections in neighbouring counties . It was established in the Anglo - Saxon system from the territory of the Middle Saxons , and existed as an official unit until ___MASK30___ . The historic county included land stretching north of the River Thames from east to west of the City of London with the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills as the other boundaries . The largely low - lying county , dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south , was the second smallest by area in ___MASK72___ . Frederick William I ( ___MASK22___ August ___MASK73___  ___MASK3___ May ___MASK10___ ), known as the ' Soldier King ,' was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from ___MASK89___ until his death , as well as the father of Frederick the Great . He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated ___MASK65___ . ___MASK74___ million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union . Prince of Orange is a title originally associated with the sovereign Principality of Orange , in what is now southern France . Under the Treaty of Utrecht of ___MASK89___ , Frederick William I of Prussia ceded the Principality of Orange to King Louis XIV of France ( while retaining the title as part of his dynastic titulature ). After William III of England died without children , a dispute arose between Johan Willem Friso and Frederick I of Prussia , which was settled in the Treaty of Partition ( 1732 ); consequently , Friso ' s son , William IV had to share use of the title " Prince of Orange " ( which had accumulated prestige in the Netherlands and throughout the Protestant world ) with Frederick William I of Prussia . The title is traditionally borne by the heir apparent of the Dutch monarch . The title descends via absolute primogeniture since 1983 , meaning that its holder can be either Prince or Princess of Orange . The London Assembly is an elected body , part of the Greater London Authority , that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power , with a two - thirds majority , to amend the Mayor ' s annual budget and to reject the Mayor ' s draft statutory strategies . The assembly was established in ___MASK55___ and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames , close to Tower Bridge . The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners ( transport , environmental matters , etc .), publish its findings and recommendations , and make proposals to the Mayor . Louis XIV ( 5 September 16381 September ___MASK83___ ), known as Louis the Great (') or the Sun King ('), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from ___MASK7___ until his death in ___MASK83___ . His reign of 72 years and ___MASK39___ days is the longest of any monarch of a major country in European history . In this age of absolutism in Europe , Louis XIV ' s France was a leader in the growing centralization of power .