operator hms sidon 
Dobrich is the eight most populated city in ___MASK34___ , the administrative centre of Dobrich Province and the capital of the region of ___MASK49___ Dobrudzha . It is located in the northeastern part of the country , 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast , not far from resorts such as Albena , Balchik , and Golden Sands . In January 2012 , Dobrich was inhabited by 90 , 375 people within the city limits , while along with the legally affiliated adjacent villages the population was 112 , 203 inhabitants . The city is named after the Bulgarian medieval lord of the surrounding region - Dobrotitsa . Agriculture is the most developed branch of the economy . Rwanda ( or ), officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a sovereign state in central and east Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland . Located a few degrees south of the Equator , Rwanda is bordered by ___MASK16___ , Tanzania , Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes region and is highly elevated ; its geography is dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the east , with numerous lakes throughout the country . The climate is temperate to subtropical , with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year . The Holy Land ( Hebrew : , ; Arabic : ) is an area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River . Traditionally , it is synonymous with both the biblical Land of Israel and historical Palestine . The term usually refers to a territory roughly corresponding to the modern State of Israel , the Palestinian territories , western Jordan , and parts of ___MASK49___ Lebanon and southwestern Syria . It is considered holy by Jews , Christians , and Muslims . ___MASK16___ ( or ), officially the Republic of ___MASK16___ , is a landlocked country in East Africa . It is bordered to the east by Kenya , to the north by South Sudan , to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , to the south - west by Rwanda , and to the south by Tanzania . ___MASK16___ is the world ' s second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia . The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , shared with Kenya and Tanzania . ___MASK16___ is in the African Great Lakes region . ___MASK16___ also lies within the Nile basin , and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate . The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the ___MASK98___ lost to an alliance of France , Britain , the Ottoman Empire , and Sardinia . The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land , which was a part of the Ottoman Empire . The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics , while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church . The longer - term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of Britain and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense . It has widely been noted that the causes , in one case involving an argument over a key , have never revealed a " greater confusion of purpose ", yet led to a war noted for its " notoriously incompetent international butchery ." The Nile ( " en - Nl ", " an - Nl " " P ( h ) iaro "; Ancient Egyptian : "  ' p " and " Iteru "; Biblical Hebrew :  , " Ha - Ye ' or ") is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa . It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world , however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America . The Nile , which is 6 , 853 km ( 4 , 258 miles ) long , is an " international " river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries , namely , Tanzania , ___MASK16___ , Rwanda , Burundi , Congo - Kinshasa , Kenya , Ethiopia , Eritrea , South Sudan , Sudan and Egypt . In particular , the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan . Kenya , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community ( EAC ). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi . Kenya ' s territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south - east to the Indian Ocean . It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , ___MASK16___ to the west , South Sudan to the north - west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north - east . Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014 . ___MASK11___ , officially the Argentine Republic , is a federal republic in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by ___MASK77___ and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of , ___MASK11___ is the eighth - largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish - speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty - three provinces ( singular " provincia ") and one autonomous city (" ciudad autónoma "), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Ancient ___MASK58___ was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of ___MASK58___ . It is one of six civilizations to arise independently . Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric ___MASK58___ and coalesced around 3150 BC ( according to conventional Egyptian chronology ) with the political unification of Upper and Lower ___MASK58___ under the first pharaoh Narmer ( commonly referred to as Menes ). The history of ancient ___MASK58___ occurred in a series of stable kingdoms , separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods : the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age , the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age . The ___MASK47___ ( RN ) is the United Kingdom ' s naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom of France . The modern ___MASK47___ traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK ' s armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . ___MASK53___ ( pronounced ) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast , with a population of 334 , 466 inhabitants as of 2015 , while 417 , 867 live in its functional urban area . ___MASK58___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK58___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK58___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK58___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation . The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia , bounded by ___MASK34___ , Georgia , Romania , Russia , Turkey , and Ukraine . It is supplied by a number of major rivers , such as the Danube , Dnieper , Rioni , ___MASK49___ Bug , and Dniester . The Black Sea has an area of ( not including the Sea of Azov ), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east , and features a wide shelf to the northwest . The longest east - west extent is about . Dobruja ( transliterated : " Dobrudža "; ) is a historical region shared today by ___MASK34___ and Romania . It is situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea , and includes the Danube Delta , Romanian coast , and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast . The territory of Dobruja is made up of Northern Dobruja , which is part of Romania , and ___MASK49___ Dobruja , which belongs to ___MASK34___ . A seaside resort is a resort town or resort hotel , located on the coast . Sometimes it is also an officially accredited title , that is only awarded to a town when the requirements are met ( like the title " Seebad " in ___MASK29___ ). Western Asia , West Asia , Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia . The concept is in limited use , as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East ( or Near East ), the main difference being the exclusion of ___MASK58___ ( which would be counted as part of North Africa ). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics . HMS Sidon was a first - class paddle frigate designed by Sir Charles Napier : her name commemorated his attack on the port of Sidon in 1840 during the Syrian War . Her keel was laid down on 26 May 1845 at Deptford Dockyard , and she was launched on 26 May 1846 . She had a fairly short career for a warship , but it included the rescue of the crew of the sinking Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation vessel Ariel on 28 May 1848 , and a trip up the Nile that same year , when her passengers included the explorer and botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker . She served in the Black Sea during the Crimean War , 1854 - 55 under the command of Captain George Goldsmith . In April 1854 , in company with HMS Firebrand ( Captain William Houston Stewart ) , she blockaded the coast from Kavarna to the mouths of the River Danube . In September , during the actual Allied invasion of the Crimea , she was assigned to escorting the French troop transports , and assisted the French line - of - battleship Algiers , which had gone aground in Eupatoria Bay . She was then sent to monitor Russian movements around Odessa , and on 4 October attacked a marching column of 12 , 000 men on their way to the Crimea . On this occasion she was hit in the funnel by a Russian rocket . She was sold for breaking up on 15 July 1864 to Castle and Beech . Russia , also officially known as the ___MASK98___ , was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short - lived liberal February Revolution in 1917 . One of the largest empires in world history , stretching over three continents , the ___MASK98___ was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires . The rise of the ___MASK98___ happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers : the Swedish Empire , the Polish  Lithuanian Commonwealth , Persia and the Ottoman Empire . It played a major role in 1812  14 in defeating Napoleon ' s ambitions to control Europe , and expanded to the west and south . ___MASK25___ Player DMS , OIG ( born 1 November 1935 ) is a retired South African professional golfer . Over his career , Player accumulated nine major championships on the regular tour and six Champions Tour major championship victories , as well as three Senior British Open Championships on the European Senior Tour . At the age of 29 , Player won the 1965 U . S . Open and became the only non - American to win all four majors , known as the career Grand Slam . Player became only the third golfer in history to win the Career Grand Slam , following Ben Hogan and Gene Sarazen , and only Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods have performed the feat since . Player has won 165 tournaments on six continents over six decades and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974 . Admiral Sir William Houston Stewart , ( 7 September 1822  13 November 1901 ) was a British naval officer who was Controller of the ___MASK47___ from 1872 to 1881 . Deptford Dockyard was an important naval dockyard and base at Deptford on the River Thames , in what is now the London Borough of Lewisham , operated by the ___MASK47___ from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries . It built and maintained warships for 350 years , and many significant events and ships have been associated with it . The ODESSA network ( from the German : " Organisation der Ehemaligen SS - Angehörigen ", meaning : Organization of Former SS Members ) was a purported international Nazi underground organization set up towards the end of ___MASK21___ by a group of SS officers with the aim of facilitating secret escape routes  later known as ratlines  allegedly to allow the SS members to avoid capture and prosecution for war crimes and to escape to ___MASK11___ , Brazil , or the Middle East under false names . Sir William Jackson Hooker ( 6 July 1785  12 August 1865 ) was an English systematic botanist and organiser , and botanical illustrator . He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University , and was Director of the ___MASK10___ . He enjoyed the friendship and support of Sir Joseph Banks for his exploring , collecting and organising work . His son , Joseph Dalton Hooker , succeeded him to the Directorship of Kew Gardens . ___MASK21___ ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made ___MASK21___ the deadliest conflict in human history . Kavarna is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Dobruja region of northeastern ___MASK34___ . It lies northeast of Varna , from Dobrich on the international road E87 and south of the border with Romania . It is the principal town of Kavarna Municipality , part of Dobrich Province . As of December 2009 , the town has a population of 11 , 397 inhabitants . A little yacht port , a fishing base , a spacious beach and a resort complex exist in the town . The landmark Cape Kaliakra is located a few kilometers to the east , as is the tiny beachfront resort of Rusalka . Three 18 - hole golf courses with villa communities and marinas are being developed nearby , two of the courses are designed by ___MASK25___ Player and one by Ian Woosnam . Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa , bordered by Rwanda to the north , Tanzania to the east and south , and the Democratic ___MASK93___ to the west . It is also considered part of Central Africa . Burundi ' s capital is Bujumbura . The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika . South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the ___MASK49___ hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to South America instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the ___MASK49___ Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ). Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe . It borders the Black Sea , ___MASK34___ , Ukraine , Hungary , Serbia , and Moldova . It has an area of and a temperate - continental climate . With 19 . 94 million inhabitants , the country is the seventh - most - populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city , Bucharest , with its 1 , 883 , 425 inhabitants is the sixth - largest city in the EU . Admiral of the Fleet Sir Houston Stewart , ( 3 August 1791  10 December 1875 ) was a ___MASK47___ officer and briefly a Liberal Party Member of Parliament . After serving as a junior officer in the Napoleonic Wars , Stewart became commanding officer of the third - rate HMS " Benbow " in the Mediterranean Fleet and took part in the bombardment of Acre during the Egyptian  Ottoman War . He went on to be Captain - Superintendent of Woolwich Dockyard and then Controller - General of the Coastguard . The ___MASK49___ Bug , also called ___MASK49___ Buh (" Pivdennyi Buh " " Yuzhny Bug "), and sometimes Boh River , is a river located in Ukraine . It is the second longest river in Ukraine . Turkey , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Turkey is bordered by eight countries : Greece to the west ; ___MASK34___ to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and ___MASK36___ to the east ; and ___MASK8___ and Syria to the south . The Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . Turkey ' s location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history . Ukraine ( tr . ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe , bordered by Russia to the east and northeast , ___MASK13___ to the northwest , Poland and Slovakia to the west , Hungary , Romania , and Moldova to the southwest , and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast , respectively . Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . It has a population of about 44 . 5 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Kaliakra is a long and narrow headland in the ___MASK49___ Dobruja region of the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast , east of Kavarna , northeast of Varna and southwest of Mangalia . The coast is steep with vertical cliffs reaching down to the sea . Kaliakra is a nature reserve , where dolphins and cormorants can be observed . It sits on the Via Pontica , a major bird migration route from Africa into Eastern and Northern Europe . Many rare and migrant birds can be seen here in spring and autumn and , like much of this coastline , is home to several rare breeding birds ( e . g . pied wheatear and a local race of European shag ). The rest of the reserve also has unusual breeding birds ; saker falcon , lesser grey shrike and a host of others . Ethiopia ('), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia "' (     , " yetiyoya Fdralaw Dmokirasyaw Rpebilk " ), is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With nearly 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second - most populous nation on the African continent after ___MASK75___ . It occupies a total area of , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa . Dobrich Province ( former name Dobrich okrug ) is a province in northeastern ___MASK34___ , part of ___MASK49___ Dobruja geographical region . It is divided into 8 municipalities . At the 2011 census , it had a population of 186 , 016 . Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in ___MASK49___ Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and ___MASK16___ to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa ' s highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . ___MASK34___ ( tr . '), officially the Republic of ___MASK34___ ( tr . '), is a country in southeastern Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . With a territory of , ___MASK34___ is Europe ' s 16th - largest country . The River Thames is a river that flows through ___MASK49___ England . At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the ___MASK61___ , after the River Severn . It also flows through Oxford ( where it is called Isis ), Reading , Henley - on - Thames and Windsor . The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway , derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock . It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire , and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary . The Thames drains the whole of Greater London . ___MASK63___ , officially the Federative Republic of ___MASK63___ , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , ___MASK63___ has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes ___MASK63___ one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker ( 30 June 1817  10 December 1911 ) was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century . He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin ' s closest friend . For twenty years he served as director of the Royal Botanical Gardens , Kew , succeeding his father , William Jackson Hooker , and was awarded the highest honours of British science . Sudan (" as - Sdn ", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan (" Jumhriyyat as - Sdn "), is a country in Northern Africa . It is bordered by ___MASK58___ to the north , the Red Sea , Eritrea , and Ethiopia to the east , South Sudan to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest . It is the third largest country in Africa . The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . Before the Sudanese Civil War , South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011 . Its predominant religion is Islam .