place_of_birth victor scheinman
___MASK71___ University is an American private research university located in Worcester , Massachusetts , the second largest city in New England . It is adjacent to University Park about 50 miles west of Boston . A personal computer ( PC ) is a multi - purpose electronic computer whose size , capabilities , and ___MASK60___ make it feasible for individual use . PCs are intended to be operated directly by a person using a graphical user interface such as Windows . The versatility ___MASK79___ a personal computer is greatly enhanced by the use ___MASK79___ peripheral devices such as a keyboard , monitor , printer , mouse , speakers , and an external ___MASK13___ drive . Arithmetic or arithmetics ( from the Greek  " arithmos ", " number ") is the oldest and ___MASK14___ elementary branch of mathematics . It consists of the study of numbers , especially the properties of the traditional operations between them  addition , subtraction , multiplication and division . Arithmetic is an elementary part of number theory , and number theory is considered to be one of the top - level divisions of modern mathematics , along with algebra , geometry , and analysis . The terms " arithmetic " and " higher arithmetic " were used until the beginning of the 20th century as synonyms for " number theory " and are sometimes still used to refer to a wider part of number theory . A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure - track faculty to continuously engage in research , as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition ___MASK79___ an initial appointment or tenure . Such universities can be recognized by their ___MASK18___ focus on innovative research and the prestige ___MASK79___ their ___MASK35___ names . On the one hand , research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world , and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts . On the other hand , new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate " real world " applications ; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking . Computervision , Inc . ( CV ) was an early ___MASK55___ in Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing ( CAD / CAM ). Computervision was founded in 1969 by Marty ___MASK34___ and Philippe Villers , and headquartered in ___MASK37___ , Massachusetts , United States . Its early products were built on a Data General Nova platform . Starting around 1975 , Computervision built its own " CGP " ( Computervision Graphics Processor ) Nova - compatible 16 - bit computers with added instructions optimized for graphics applications and using its own operating system known as Computervision Graphic Operating System ( CGOS ). In the 1980s , Computervision rewrote their code to operate on Unix . Applied mathematics is a branch ___MASK79___ mathematics that deals with mathematical methods that find use in science , engineering , business , computer science , and ___MASK97___ . Thus , applied mathematics is a combination ___MASK79___ mathematical science and specialized knowledge . The term " applied mathematics " also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models . In the past , practical applications have motivated the development ___MASK79___ mathematical theories , which then became the subject ___MASK79___ study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake . The activity ___MASK79___ applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics . ___MASK59___ is the ___MASK14___ populous state in the United States and the third ___MASK14___ extensive by area . Located on the western ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U . S ., ___MASK59___ is bordered by the other U . S . states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of ___MASK67___ ___MASK59___ . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is ___MASK59___ ' s ___MASK14___ populous city , and the country ' s second largest after ___MASK87___ . The state also has the nation ' s ___MASK14___ populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . A robotic arm is a type ___MASK79___ mechanical arm , usually programmable , with similar functions to a human arm ; the arm may be the sum total ___MASK79___ the mechanism or may be part ___MASK79___ a more complex robot . The links ___MASK79___ such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion ( such as in an articulated robot ) or translational ( linear ) displacement . The links ___MASK79___ the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain . The terminus ___MASK79___ the kinematic chain ___MASK79___ the manipulator is called the end effector and it is analogous to the human hand . A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set ___MASK79___ arithmetic or logical operations automatically . The ability ___MASK79___ computers to follow a sequence ___MASK79___ operations , called a " program ", make computers very flexible and useful . Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety ___MASK79___ industrial and consumer devices . This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls , factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design , but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and ___MASK81___ devices such as smartphones . The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions ___MASK79___ other computers . Automatix Inc ., founded in January 1980 , was the first company to market industrial robots with built - in machine vision . Its founders were ___MASK70___ Scheinman , inventor ___MASK79___ the Stanford arm ; Phillippe Villers , Michael Cronin , and Arnold Reinhold ___MASK79___ Computervision ; Jake Dias and Dan Nigro ___MASK79___ Data General ; Gordon VanderBrug , ___MASK79___ NBS , Donald L . Pieper ___MASK79___ General Electric and Norman Wittels ___MASK79___ ___MASK71___ University . General Electric , often abbreviated as GE , is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in ___MASK84___ , and headquartered in Boston , Massachusetts . As of 2016 , the company operates through the following segments : Power & Water , Oil and Gas , Aviation , Healthcare , Transportation and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services , Medical devices , Life Sciences , Pharmaceutical , Automotive , Software Development and Engineering industries . The PUMA ( Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly ", or Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm ") is an industrial robotic arm developed by ___MASK70___ Scheinman at pioneering robot company Unimation . Initially developed for General Motors , the PUMA was based on earlier designs Scheinman invented while at Stanford University . A smartphone is a ___MASK81___ phone ( also known as cell phones or cell mobiles ) with an advanced ___MASK81___ operating system that combines features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for ___MASK81___ or handheld use . Smartphones , which are usually pocket - sized , typically combine the features of a ___MASK81___ phone , such as the abilities to place and receive voice calls and create and receive text messages , with those of other popular digital ___MASK81___ devices like personal digital assistants ( PDAs ), such as an event calendar , media player , video games , GPS navigation , digital camera and digital video camera . Smartphones can access the Internet and can run a variety of third - party software components (" apps " from Google Play , Apple App Store , etc ). They typically have a color display with a graphical user interface that covers more than 76 % of the front surface . The display is almost always a touchscreen and sometimes additionally a touch - enabled keyboard like the Priv / Passport BlackBerrys , which enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type words and numbers and press onscreen icons to activate " app " features . The Internet is the global system ___MASK79___ interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite ( TCP / IP ) to link devices worldwide . It is a " network ___MASK79___ networks " that consists ___MASK79___ private , public , academic , business , and government networks ___MASK79___ local to global scope , linked by a broad array ___MASK79___ electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range ___MASK79___ information resources and services , such as the inter - linked hypertext documents and applications ___MASK79___ the World Wide Web ( WWW ), electronic mail , telephony , and ___MASK7___ - to - ___MASK7___ networks for file sharing . In applied mathematics as used in the engineering field ___MASK79___ robotics , an arm solution is a solution ___MASK79___ equations that allow the calculation ___MASK79___ the precise design parameters ___MASK79___ a robot ' s arms in such a way as to enable it to make certain movements . ___MASK19___ Charles Devol , Jr . ( February 20 , 1912  August 11 , 2011 ) was an American inventor who was awarded the patent for Unimate , the first industrial robot . Devol ' s patent for the first digitally operated programmable robotic arm represented the foundation of the modern robotics industry . ___MASK70___ Scheinman is a pioneer in the field ___MASK79___ robotics . He is a graduate ___MASK79___ the now - defunct New Lincoln High School in ___MASK84___ . In the late 1950s , and while in high school , Scheinman engineered a speech - to - text machine as a science fair project . In 1969 , while at Stanford University , Scheinman invented the Stanford arm , an all - electric , 6 - axis articulated robot designed to permit an arm solution in closed form . This allowed the robot to accurately follow arbitrary paths in space under computer control and widened the potential use ___MASK79___ the robot to more sophisticated applications such as assembly and arc welding . In 1973 , Scheinman started Vicarm Inc . to manufacture his robot arms . In 1977 , Scheinman sold his design to Unimation , who further developed it , with support from General Motors , as the Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly ( PUMA ) . He served briefly as General Manager ___MASK79___ Unimation ' s West Coast division before joining Automatix as a cofounder and vice - president in 1980 . While at Automatix , Scheinman developed RobotWorld , a system ___MASK79___ cooperating small modules suspended from a 2 - D linear motor . The product line was later sold to Yaskawa . On April 19 , 2002 -- General Motors Controls , Robotics and Welding ( CRW ) organization donated the original prototype Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly ( PUMA ) robot to the Smithsonian . On June 22 , 2006 broadcast ___MASK79___ the American game - show Jeopardy ! , Scheinman was the subject ___MASK79___ the $ 1600 `` answer '' for the category `` Robotics '' : `` In the 1970s ___MASK70___ Scheinman developed the PUMA , or programmable universal manipulation THIS '' ( question : `` what is THIS ? '' - answer : `` arm '' . ) . Today Scheinman continues to consult and is a visiting professor at Stanford University in the department ___MASK79___ mechanical engineering . His niece is jazz violinist Jenny Scheinman . He was married to Sandra Auerback in August 2006 . The bit is a basic unit ___MASK79___ information in computing and digital communications . A bit can have only one ___MASK79___ two values , and may therefore be physically implemented with a two - state device . These values are ___MASK14___ commonly represented as either a . The term " bit " is a portmanteau ___MASK79___ binary digit . In information theory , the bit is equivalent to the unit " shannon ", named after Claude Shannon . San ___MASK27___ ( SF ) ( Spanish for Saint Francis ) officially the City and County of San ___MASK27___ , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . It is the birthplace of the United Nations . Located at the north end of the San ___MASK27___ Peninsula , San ___MASK27___ is about in area , making it the smallest county  and the only consolidated city - county  within the state of California . With a density of about 18 , 451 people per square mile ( 7 , 124 people per km ), San ___MASK27___ is the most densely settled large city ( population greater than 200 , 000 ) in California and the second - most densely populated major city in the United States after ___MASK87___ . San ___MASK27___ is the fourth - most populous city in California , after Los Angeles , San Diego , and San Jose , and the 13th - most populous city in the United States  with a census - estimated 2015 population of 864 , 816 . The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San ___MASK27___ Bay Area , and are a part of the larger OMB - designated San Jose - San ___MASK27___ - Oakland combined statistical area , the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8 . 7 million . Data General was one ___MASK79___ the first minicomputer firms from the late 1960s . Three ___MASK79___ the four founders were former employees ___MASK79___ Digital Equipment Corporation . Their first product , the Data General Nova , was a 16 - bit minicomputer . This used their own operating system , Data General RDOS ( DG / RDOS ), and in conjunction with programming languages like " Data General Business Basic " they provided a multi - user operating system with record locking and built - in databases far ahead ___MASK79___ many contemporary systems . The Nova was followed by the Supernova and Eclipse product lines , all ___MASK79___ which were used in many applications for the next two decades . The company employed an original equipment manufacturer ( OEM ) sales strategy to sell to third parties who incorporated Data General computers into the OEM ' s specific product lines . A series ___MASK79___ missteps in the 1980s , including missing the advance ___MASK79___ microcomputers despite the launch ___MASK79___ the microNOVA in 1977 , and the Data General - One portable computer in 1984 , led to a decline in the company ' s market share . The company did continue into the 1990s , however , and was eventually acquired by EMC Corporation in 2002 . In consumer electronics , a remote control is a component ___MASK79___ an electronic device such as a television set , DVD player , or other home appliance , used to operate the device wirelessly from a short distance . Remote control is primarily a convenience feature for the consumer , and can allow operation ___MASK79___ devices that are out ___MASK79___ convenient reach for direct operation ___MASK79___ controls . In some cases , remote controls allow a person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach , as when a garage door opener is triggered from outside or when a Digital ___MASK90___ Processing projector that is mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level . ___MASK12___ University , officially ___MASK56___ ___MASK12___ Junior University , is a private research university in ___MASK12___ , California , adjacent to Palo Alto and between ___MASK36___ and San ___MASK27___ . Its campus is one of the largest in the United States . ___MASK12___ also has land and facilities elsewhere . A control system manages , commands , directs or regulates the behaviour ___MASK79___ other devices or systems . It can range from a home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines . Robotics is the interdisciplinary branch ___MASK79___ engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering , electrical engineering , computer science , and others . Robotics deals with the design , construction , operation , and use ___MASK79___ robots , as well as computer systems for their control , sensory feedback , and information processing . Machine vision ( MV ) is the technology and methods used to provide imaging - based automatic inspection and analysis for such applications as automatic inspection , process control , and robot guidance in ___MASK97___ . The scope of MV is broad . MV is related to , though distinct from , computer vision . ___MASK8___ is a city in northern Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States , approximately 70 miles from ___MASK87___ . ___MASK8___ ' s population at the 2010 census was 80 , 893 . ___MASK8___ is the fourth most populous city in Fairfield County , and seventh among Connecticut cities . The city is located within the New York metropolitan area . A robot is a machine  especially one programmable by a computer  capable ___MASK79___ carrying out a complex series ___MASK79___ actions automatically . Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within . Robots may be constructed to take on human form but ___MASK14___ robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look . Unimation was the world ' s first robotics company . It was founded in 1956 by Joseph F . Engelberger and ___MASK19___ Devol and was located in Danbury , Connecticut . Devol had already applied for a patent an industrial robotic arm in 1954 ; was issued in 1961 . A microwave oven ( commonly referred to as a microwave ) is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to microwave radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum . This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating . Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer ___MASK79___ a homogeneous , high water content food item ; food is more evenly heated throughout ( except in heterogeneous , dense objects ) than generally occurs in other cooking techniques . A ___MASK81___ device ( or handheld computer ) is a small computing device , typically , small enough to hold and operate in the hand and having an operating system capable of running ___MASK81___ apps . These may provide a diverse range of functions . Typically , the device will have a display screen with a small numeric or alphanumeric keyboard or a touchscreen providing a virtual keyboard and buttons ( icons ) on - screen . Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi - Fi , Bluetooth or near field communication ( NFC ). Integrated cameras , digital media players , ___MASK81___ phone and GPS capabilities are common . Power is typically provided by a lithium battery .