located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity kv3
A brush is a tool with bristles , wire or other filaments , used for cleaning , grooming hair , make up , painting , surface finishing and for many other purposes . It is one ___MASK77___ the ___MASK44___ basic and versatile tools known to mankind , and the average household may contain several dozen varieties . It generally consists ___MASK77___ a handle or block to which filaments are affixed either parallel - or perpendicular - wise , depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use . The material ___MASK77___ both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards ___MASK77___ its application , such as corrosive chemicals , heat or abrasion . Ramesses II ( variously transliterated as " Rameses " or " Ramses " ( or ); born ; died July or August 1213 BC ; reigned 1279  1213 BC ), also known as Ramesses the Great , was the third pharaoh ___MASK77___ the Nineteenth Dynasty ___MASK77___ ___MASK8___ . He is often regarded as the greatest , most celebrated , and most powerful pharaoh ___MASK77___ the Egyptian Empire . His successors and later Egyptians called him the " Great Ancestor ". Ramesses II led several military expeditions into the Levant , reasserting Egyptian control over Canaan . He also led expeditions to the south , into Nubia , commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el - Wali and Gerf Hussein . The word papyrus refers to a thick type ___MASK77___ paper made from the pith ___MASK77___ the papyrus plant , " Cyperus papyrus ". " Papyrus " can also refer to a document written on sheets ___MASK77___ papyrus joined together side by side and rolled up into a scroll , an early form ___MASK77___ a book . The plural for such documents is papyri . Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient ___MASK8___ ( at least as far back as the First Dynasty ), as the " Cyperus papyrus " plant was a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Sudd ___MASK77___ Southern Sudan along with the Nile Delta ___MASK77___ ___MASK8___ . Papyrus was also used throughout the Mediterranean region and in Kingdom ___MASK77___ Kush . The Ancient Egyptians used papyrus as a writing material , as well as employing it commonly in the construction ___MASK77___ other artifacts such as reed boats , mats , rope , sandals , and baskets . Usimare Ramesses III ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the second Pharaoh ___MASK77___ the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last New Kingdom ___MASK87___ to wield any substantial authority over ___MASK8___ . His long reign saw the decline ___MASK77___ Egyptian political and economic power , linked to a series ___MASK77___ invasions and internal economic problems . Tomb KV7 in ___MASK7___ of the Kings was the final resting place of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II (" Ramesses the Great ") of the Nineteenth Dynasty . It is located in the main valley , opposite the tomb of his sons , KV5 , and near to the tomb of his son and successor , Merenptah , KV8 . Unlike other tombs in the area , Tomb KV7 was placed in an unusual location and has been badly damaged by the flash floods that periodically sweep through ___MASK7___ . ___MASK68___ , officially known as the Kingdom ___MASK77___ ___MASK68___ ( KSA ), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk ___MASK77___ the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area ___MASK77___ approximately , ___MASK68___ is geographically the fifth - largest state in Asia and second - largest state in the Arab world after ___MASK64___ . ___MASK68___ is bordered by ___MASK92___ and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain , and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast , and Yemen to the south . It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf ___MASK77___ Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast , and most ___MASK77___ its terrain consists ___MASK77___ arid desert or barren landforms . ___MASK99___ (" as - Sdn ", ), also known as North ___MASK99___ and officially the Republic of the ___MASK99___ (" Jumhriyyat as - Sdn "), is a country in Northern Africa . It is bordered by ___MASK8___ to the north , the Red Sea , Eritrea , and Ethiopia to the east , ___MASK79___ to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest . It is the third largest country in Africa . The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . Before the Sudanese Civil War , ___MASK79___ was part of ___MASK99___ but broke away in 2011 . Its predominant religion is Islam . An ostracon ( Greek : " ostrakon ", plural " ostraka ") is a piece ___MASK77___ pottery , usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel . In an archaeological or epigraphical context , " ostraca " refer to sherds or even small pieces ___MASK77___ stone that have writing scratched into them . Usually these are considered to have been broken off before the writing was added ; ancient people used the cheap , plentiful and durable broken pieces ___MASK77___ pottery around them as convenient places to place writing for a wide variety ___MASK77___ purposes , mostly very short inscriptions , but in some cases surprisingly long . The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ('; ', ; "") is a peninsula in ___MASK8___ , situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south , serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa . It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia . Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1 , 400 , 000 people . The bulk of the peninsula is divided administratively into two of ___MASK8___ ' s 27 governorates ( with three more straddling the Suez Canal area ). Cursive ( also known as script or longhand , among other names ), is any style ___MASK77___ penmanship in which some characters are written joined together in a flowing manner , generally for the purpose ___MASK77___ making writing faster . Formal cursive is generally joined , but casual cursive is a combination ___MASK77___ joins and pen lifts . The writing style can be further divided as " looped ", " italic ", or " connected ". Hieratic ( Greek " hieratika "; literally " priestly ") is a cursive writing system used in the provenance ___MASK77___ the pharaohs in ___MASK8___ and Nubia . It developed alongside cursive hieroglyphs , from which it is separate yet intimately related . It was primarily written in ink with a reed brush on papyrus , allowing scribes to write quickly without resorting to the time - consuming hieroglyphs . Heqamaatre Ramesses IV ( also written Ramses or Rameses ) was the third pharaoh ___MASK77___ the Twentieth Dynasty ___MASK77___ the New Kingdom ___MASK77___ Ancient ___MASK8___ . His name prior to assuming the crown was Amonhirkhopshef . He was the fifth son ___MASK77___ Ramesses III and was appointed to the position ___MASK77___ crown prince by the twenty - second year ___MASK77___ his father ' s reign when all four ___MASK77___ his elder brothers predeceased him . His promotion to crown prince : A land bridge , in biogeography , is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas , over which animals and plants are able to ___MASK51___ and colonise new lands . A land bridge can be created by marine regression , in which sea levels fall , exposing shallow , previously submerged sections of continental shelf ; or when new land is created by plate tectonics ; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post - glacial rebound after an ice age . Ra (" R ") or ___MASK78___ (" R ") is the ancient Egyptian sun god . By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries , he had become a major god in ancient Egyptian religion , identified primarily with the noon sun . Ancient ___MASK8___ was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of ___MASK8___ . It is one of six civilizations to arise independently . Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric ___MASK8___ and coalesced around 3150 BC ( according to conventional Egyptian chronology ) with the political unification of Upper and Lower ___MASK8___ under the first pharaoh Narmer ( commonly referred to as Menes ). The history of ancient ___MASK8___ occurred in a series of stable kingdoms , separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods : the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age , the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age . Pharaoh is the common title ___MASK77___ the monarchs ___MASK77___ ancient ___MASK8___ from the First Dynasty ( c . 3150 ) until the Macedonian conquest in 305 BC , although the actual term " Pharaoh " was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE . Earthenware is glazed or unglazed nonvitreous pottery which has normally been fired below 1200 ° C . Porcelain , bone ___MASK88___ and stoneware , all fired at high enough temperatures to vitrify , are the main other important types of pottery . A vase (, or ) is an open container , today often used to hold cut flowers . It can be made from a number ___MASK77___ materials , such as ceramics , glass , non - rusting metals , such as aluminum , brass , bronze or stainless steel . Even wood has been used to make vases , either by using tree species that naturally resist rot , such as teak , or by applying a protective coating to conventional wood . Vases are often decorated . ___MASK22___ ("") is a country in the Maghreb region ___MASK77___ North Africa , bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , ___MASK8___ to the east , Sudan to the southeast , Chad and Niger to the south , and Algeria and Tunisia to the west . The three traditional parts ___MASK77___ the country are Tripolitania , Fezzan and Cyrenaica . With an area ___MASK77___ almost , ___MASK22___ is the fourth largest country in Africa , and is the 16th largest country in the world . ___MASK22___ has the 10th - largest proven oil reserves ___MASK77___ any country in the world . The ___MASK61___ ( also the Erythraean Sea ) is a seawater inlet ___MASK77___ the ___MASK21___ Ocean , lying between Africa and Asia . The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf ___MASK77___ Aden . To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula , the Gulf ___MASK77___ Aqaba , and the Gulf ___MASK77___ Suez ( leading to the Suez Canal ). The ___MASK61___ is a Global 200 ecoregion . The sea is underlain by the ___MASK61___ Rift which is part ___MASK77___ the Great Rift Valley . Tomb KV2 , found in ___MASK7___ of the Kings , is the tomb of Ramesses IV , and is located low down in the main valley , between KV7 and KV1 . It has been open since antiquity and contains a large amount of graffiti . ___MASK34___ , officially known as the State ___MASK77___ ___MASK34___ , is a country in the Middle ___MASK76___ , on the southeastern shore ___MASK77___ the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore ___MASK77___ the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , ___MASK96___ to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories ___MASK77___ the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . ___MASK34___ ' s financial and technology center is Tel Aviv , while its seat ___MASK77___ government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state ' s sovereignty over the city ___MASK77___ Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized . ___MASK8___ (; ', , " Kimi "), officially the Arab Republic of ___MASK8___ , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and ___MASK29___ corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . ___MASK8___ is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and ___MASK9___ , Sudan to the ___MASK9___ , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies ___MASK92___ , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although ___MASK92___ and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with ___MASK8___ . It is the world ' s only contiguous Afrasian nation . A priest or priestess ( feminine ) ( from Greek  " presbýteros " through Latin " presbyter ", " elder ", or from Old High German " priast ", " prest ", from Vulgar Latin " provost " " one put over others ", from Latin " praepositus " " person placed in charge "), is a person authorized to perform the sacred rituals ___MASK77___ a religion , especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities . They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites ; in particular , rites ___MASK77___ sacrifice to , and propitiation ___MASK77___ , a deity or deities . Their office or position is the priesthood , a term which also may apply to such persons collectively . Asia is ___MASK15___ ' s largest and ___MASK44___ populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass ___MASK77___ Eurasia with the continent ___MASK77___ Europe . Asia covers an area ___MASK77___ , about 30 % ___MASK77___ ___MASK15___ ' s total land area and 8 . 7 % ___MASK77___ the ___MASK15___ ' s total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority ___MASK77___ the human population , was the site ___MASK77___ many ___MASK77___ the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent ___MASK77___ 4 . 4 billion people . A monarch is the sovereign head ___MASK77___ state in a monarchy . A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the state , or others may wield that power on behalf ___MASK77___ the monarch . Typically a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state ' s sovereign rights ( often referred to as " the throne " or " the crown ") or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation ' s monarch . Alternatively , an individual may become monarch by conquest , acclamation or a combination ___MASK77___ means . A monarch usually reigns for life or until abdication . The ___MASK58___ ___MASK77___ Aqaba (" Khalij al - Aqabah ") or ___MASK58___ ___MASK77___ Eilat (" Mifrats Eilat ") is a large gulf at the ___MASK42___ tip ___MASK77___ the Red Sea , ___MASK76___ ___MASK77___ the Sinai Peninsula and west ___MASK77___ the Arabian ___MASK36___ . Its coastline is divided between four countries : ___MASK8___ , Israel , ___MASK92___ , and Saudi Arabia . Tomb KV1 , located in ___MASK7___ of the Kings in ___MASK8___ , was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses VII of the Twentieth Dynasty . Although it has been open since antiquity , it was only properly investigated and cleared by Edwin Brock in 1984 and 1985 . The single corridor tomb itself is located in ___MASK14___ ' s West Bank , and is small in comparison to other tombs of the twentieth dynasty . A valley is a low area between hills , often with a ___MASK84___ running through it . Tomb KV3 , located in ___MASK8___ ' s Valley of the Kings , was intended for the burial of an unidentified son of Pharaoh Ramesses III during the early part of the Twentieth Dynasty . It is similar in design to the `` straight axis '' tombs typical of this dynasty , and an ostracon written in hieratic script from the time of Ramesses III mentions the founding of a tomb for a royal prince , likely this tomb . The unfinished state of a couple of rooms in the tomb along with scant archeological evidence suggests that the tomb was never used . Some have suggested that it was originally intended for use by the prince regent who would succeed as Ramesses IV , and who started building his own tomb ( KV2 ) soon after he came to the throne . ___MASK5___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - ___MASK44___ - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the ___MASK21___ Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . ___MASK7___ of the Kings , the " Valley of the Gates of the Kings ", is a valley in ___MASK8___ where , for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC , tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom ( the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient ___MASK8___ ). Nubia is a region along the Nile ___MASK84___ located in what is today ___MASK42___ ___MASK99___ and southern ___MASK8___ . It was one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa , with a history that can be traced from at least 2000 B . C . onward ( through Nubian monuments and artifacts , as well as written records from ___MASK8___ and Rome ), and was home to one of the African empires . There were a number of large Nubian kingdoms throughout the Postclassical Era , the last of which collapsed in 1504 , when Nubia became divided between ___MASK8___ and the Sennar sultanate , resulting in the Arabization of much of the Nubian population . Nubia was again united within Ottoman ___MASK8___ in the 19th century , and within the Kingdom of ___MASK8___ from 1899 to 1956 . Pottery is the craft ___MASK77___ making ceramic material into pots or potterywares using mud . Major types ___MASK77___ potterywares include earthenware , stoneware and porcelain . The place where such wares are made by a " potter " is called a " pottery " ( plural " potteries "). The technical definition ___MASK77___ " pottery " used by the American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ) is " all fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed , except technical , structural , and refractory products ." The ___MASK100___ (' ), or simply Gaza "', is a small self - governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea , that borders ___MASK8___ on the ___MASK29___ for and Israel on the east and north along a border . Gaza , together with the West Bank , comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine . The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory . Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority , but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas , a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006 . It has been placed under an Israeli and U . S .- led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards . A tomb ( from " tumbos ") is a repository for the remains ___MASK77___ the dead . It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber , ___MASK77___ varying sizes . In archaeology , a sherd , or more precisely , potsherd , is commonly a historic or prehistoric fragment ___MASK77___ pottery , although the term is occasionally used to refer to fragments ___MASK77___ stone and glass vessels , as well . Cursive hieroglyphs or hieroglyphic book hand are a cursive variety ___MASK77___ Egyptian hieroglyphs commonly used for religious documents written on papyrus , such as the Book ___MASK77___ the Dead . It was particularly common during the Ramesside Period and many famous documents , such as the Papyrus ___MASK77___ Ani , utilize it . It was also employed on wood for religious literature such as the coffin texts . ___MASK92___ ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of ___MASK92___ ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia , on the East Bank of the ___MASK92___ River . ___MASK92___ is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south , Iraq to the north - east , ___MASK96___ to the north , Israel , Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south - west . ___MASK92___ is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia , Africa and Europe . The capital , Amman , is ___MASK92___ ' s most populous city as well as the country ' s economic , political and cultural centre .