country_of_citizenship milton banana
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African ___MASK53___ and European ___MASK53___ musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - ___MASK53___ music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of ___MASK71___ ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style , with its roots in Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions , particularly of ___MASK35___ and the Congo , through the samba de roda genre of the northeastern state of Bahia , from which it derived . Although there were various forms of samba in ___MASK23___ in the form of various popular rhythms and regional dances that originated from drumming , samba as a music genre is seen as originally a musical expression of urban Rio de Janeiro , then the capital and largest city of Imperial ___MASK23___ . The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920s , ending with the Great Depression , in which jazz music and dance styles became popular , mainly in the United States , but also in Britain , ___MASK30___ and elsewhere . Jazz originated in New Orleans as a fusion of African and European music and played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period , and its influence on pop culture continued long afterwards . The Jazz Age is often referred to in conjunction with the Roaring Twenties . Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century . The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions , African - ___MASK53___ work songs and European - ___MASK53___ folk music . Blues incorporated spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts , chants , and rhymed simple narrative ballads . The blues form , ubiquitous in jazz , rhythm and blues and rock and roll , is characterized by the call - and - response pattern , the blues scale and specific chord progressions , of which the twelve - bar blues is the most common . Blue notes ( or " worried notes "), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch , are also an essential part of the sound . Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance - like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove . ___MASK23___ , officially the Federative Republic of ___MASK23___ , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , ___MASK23___ has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes ___MASK23___ one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira , known as João Gilberto ( June 10 , 1931 ), is a Brazilian singer , songwriter , and guitarist . His recordings , including many songs by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes , established the musical genre of bossa nova in the late 1950s . Stanley " Stan " Getz ( February 2 , 1927  June 6 , 1991 ) was an ___MASK53___ jazz saxophonist . Playing primarily the tenor saxophone , Getz was known as " The Sound " because of his warm , lyrical tone , his prime influence being the wispy , mellow timbre of his idol , Lester Young . Coming to prominence in the late 1940s with Woody Herman ' s big band , Getz is described by critic Scott Yanow as " one of the all - time great tenor saxophonists ". Getz went on to perform in bebop and cool jazz groups , but is perhaps best known for popularizing bossa nova with the worldwide hit single " The Girl from Ipanema " ( 1964 ) performed with Astrud Gilberto , and for his work done under the influence of João Gilberto and Antônio Carlos Jobim . Improvisation is broad term referring to the process of devising an atypical method of solving a problem due to lack of time or resources . In a technical context , this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for , or building a device from unusual components in an ad - hoc fashion . Improvisation , within the context of performing arts , is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation . The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties , across all artistic , scientific , physical , cognitive , ___MASK99___ , and non - ___MASK99___ disciplines . Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim ( January 25 , 1927December 8 , 1994 ), also known as Tom Jobim , was a Brazilian composer , pianist , songwriter , arranger and singer . He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style , and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within ___MASK23___ and internationally . Bossa nova is a genre of Brazilian music , which developed and was popularized in the 1950s and 1960s and is today one of the best - known Brazilian music genres abroad . The phrase " bossa nova " means literally " new trend ". A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz , bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s , initially among young musicians and college students . West Africa , also called Western Africa and the West of Africa , is the westernmost subregion of Africa . West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries : ___MASK85___ , ___MASK61___ , the island nation of ___MASK4___ , ___MASK75___ , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea - Bissau , Ivory Coast , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Nigeria , the island of Saint Helena , Senegal , Sierra Leone , São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo . Marching percussion instruments are specially designed to be played while moving . This is achieved by attaching the drum ( s ) to a special harness ( also called a carrier or rack ) worn by the drummer , although not all marching bands use such harnesses and instead use traditional baldrics to sling their drums ( the ___MASK40___ Armed Forces , for instance , still use the old style of slung drums ). The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound , as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces . Articulation is paramount to producing a " clean " sound from all the drummers in the line . These instruments are used by marching bands , drum and bugle corps , indoor percussion ensembles , and pipe bands . A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a drumline or battery . A drummer is a musician who plays drums , which includes a drum kit (" drum set " or " trap set ", including cymbals ) and accessory - based hardware which includes an assortment of pedals and standing support mechanisms , marching percussion or any musical instrument that is struck within the context of a wide assortment of musical genres . The term percussionist applies to a musician who performs struck musical instruments of numerous diverse shapes , sizes and applications . Most contemporary western ensembles bands for rock , pop , jazz , R & B etc . include a drummer for purposes including timekeeping and embellishing the musical timbre . Most drummers of this particular designation work within the context of a larger contingent ( a . k . a . rhythm section ) that may also include , keyboard ( a percussion instrument ) or guitar , auxiliary percussion ( often of non western origin ) and bass ( bass viol or electric ). Said ensembles may also include melodic based mallet percussion including : vibraphone , marimba or xylophone . The rhythm section , being the core metronomic foundation with which other melodic instruments , including voices , may present the harmonic / melodic portion of the material . African - ___MASK53___ music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans . Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans prior to the ___MASK53___ Civil War . Milton Banana ( born Antônio de Souza ) ( 23 April 1935 -- 22 May 1998 ) was a bossa nova jazz drummer . A self - taught musician , he is best known for his collaboration with João Gilberto and Stan Getz and for his work with the trio he founded . Scott Yanow ( born October 4 , 1954 ) is an ___MASK53___ jazz reviewer , historian , and author . Ragtime  also spelled rag - time or rag time  is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918 . Its cardinal trait is its syncopated , or " ragged ", rhythm . The genre has its origins in African - ___MASK53___ communities like St . Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano . Ernest Hogan ( 1865  1909 ) was a pioneer of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music . The composition was called " LA Pas Ma LA " and it was released in 1895 . Hogan has also been credited for coining the term " ragtime ". The term is actually derived from his hometown " Shake Rag " in Bowling Green , Kentucky . Ben Harney , who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public . His first ragtime composition " You ' ve been a good old wagon but you done broke " helped popularize the musical genre . The composition was published in 1895 but released in 1896 . Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa , with additional polyrhythms coming from African music . The ragtime composer Scott Joplin (" ca ." 1868  1917 ) became famous through the publication of the " Maple Leaf Rag " ( 1899 ) and a string of ragtime hits such as " The Entertainer " ( 1902 ), although he was later forgotten by all but a small , dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s . For at least 12 years after its publication , " Maple Leaf Rag " heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines , harmonic progressions or metric patterns . Lester Willis Young ( August 27 , 1909  March 15 , 1959 ), nicknamed " Pres " or " Prez ", was an ___MASK53___ jazz tenor saxophonist and occasional clarinetist . Woodrow Charles " Woody " Herman ( May 16 , 1913  October 29 , 1987 ) was an ___MASK53___ jazz clarinetist , alto saxophonist , singer , and big band leader . Leading various groups called " The Herd ", Herman was one of the most popular of the 1930s and 1940s bandleaders . His bands often played music that was experimental for its time . He was a featured halftime performer for Super Bowl VII .