located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity note printing australia
The ___MASK33___ of ___MASK41___ ( informally ___MASK41___ ___MASK33___ ) is a public research university located in ___MASK41___ , Australia . Founded in 1853 , it is Australia ' s second oldest university and the oldest in ___MASK68___ . Times Higher Education ranks ___MASK41___ as 33rd in the world , while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places ___MASK41___ 40th in the world ( both first in Australia ). The Commonwealth Bank ___MASK22___ ___MASK48___ is an Australian multinational bank with businesses across New Zealand , Fiji , Asia , USA and the United Kingdom . Commonly referred to as the Commonwealth Bank ( or CBA or Commbank ), it provides a variety ___MASK22___ financial services including retail , business and institutional banking , funds management , superannuation , insurance , investment and broking services . The Commonwealth Bank is the largest Australian listed company on the Australian Securities Exchange as ___MASK22___ August 2015 with brands including Bankwest , Colonial First State Investments Limited , ASB Bank ( New Zealand ), Commonwealth Securities Limited ( CommSec ) and Commonwealth Insurance Limited ( CommInsure ). Commonwealth Bank is also the largest bank in the Southern Hemisphere . A commercial bank is a type ___MASK22___ financial institution that provides services such as accepting deposits , making business loans , and offering basic investment products . Commercial bank " can also refer to a bank , or a division ___MASK22___ a large bank , which more specifically deals with deposit and loan services provided to corporations or large / middle - sized business - as opposed to individual members ___MASK22___ the public / small business - retail banking , or merchant ___MASK55___ . The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located ___MASK81___ - ___MASK17___ of ___MASK41___ , Australia . It is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west , Western Port to the ___MASK17___ and Bass Strait to the ___MASK81___ , and is connected to the mainland in the north . Geographically , the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and Frankston . The area was originally home to the " Mayone - bulluk " and " Boonwurrung - Balluk " clans and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation ' s territory prior to European settlement . Note Printing ___MASK48___ ( NPA ) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of ___MASK48___ ( RBA ) that produces banknotes and passports . It was corporatised in July 1998 and is located in Craigieburn , ___MASK41___ . NPA has its origins as a subsidiary of the Commonwealth Bank and was established in 1913 to print banknotes for ___MASK48___ . After printing paper banknotes for ___MASK48___ for 75 years , NPA introduced the first polymer banknote technology in 1988 . The ___MASK76___ , officially the Islamic Republic ___MASK22___ The ___MASK76___ or Republic ___MASK22___ the ___MASK76___ , is a country in ___MASK93___ Africa that is entirely surrounded by Senegal except for its coastline on the Atlantic Ocean at its western end . It is the smallest country in ___MASK51___ Africa . A promissory note is a legal instrument ( more particularly , a financial instrument , and more specifically a debt instrument ), in which one party ( the " maker " or " issuer ") promises in writing to pay a determinate sum ___MASK22___ money to the other ( the " payee "), either at a fixed or determinable future ___MASK6___ or on demand ___MASK22___ the payee , under specific terms . If the promissory note is unconditional and readily saleable , it is called a negotiable instrument . ___MASK17___ Timor or Timor - Leste ( Tetum : " Timór Lorosa ' e "), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste , is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia . It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor ; the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco ; and Oecusse , an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor . The country ' s size is about 15 , 410 km ( 5 , 400 sq mi ). A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment ___MASK22___ a specific amount ___MASK22___ money , either on demand , or at a set ___MASK6___ , with the payer named on the document . More specifically , it is a document contemplated by or consisting ___MASK22___ a contract , which promises the payment ___MASK22___ money without condition , which may be paid either on demand or at a future date . The term can have different meanings , depending on what law is being applied and what country it is used in and what context it is used in . ___MASK96___ ( abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as " Tassie ") is an island state of the Commonwealth of ___MASK48___ . It is located to the south of the Australian ___MASK51___ , separated by Bass Strait . The state encompasses the main island of ___MASK96___ , the 26th - largest island in the world , and the surrounding 334 islands . The state has a population of around 518 , 500 , just over forty percent of which resides in the Greater ___MASK87___ precinct , which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city , ___MASK87___ . In the study ___MASK22___ human settlements , an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built - up area ___MASK22___ a central place (" usually a municipality ") and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area . INSEE , the French Statistical Institute , uses the term " unité urbaine ", which means continuous urbanized area . However , because ___MASK22___ differences in definitions ___MASK22___ what does and does not constitute an " agglomeration ", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology , it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world . It may not be clear , for instance , whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part ___MASK22___ an agglomeration , or a distinct entity in itself . ___MASK54___ ( PNG Hiri Motu : " Papua Niu Gini "), officially the Independent State of ___MASK54___ , is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia , a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia . Its capital , located along its southeastern coast , is Port Moresby . The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua . Bankwest , previously known as The Bank ___MASK22___ Western ___MASK48___ is an Australian full - service bank based in ___MASK67___ , Western ___MASK48___ . Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary ___MASK22___ HBOS plc , it was sold in October 2008 to the Commonwealth Bank ___MASK22___ ___MASK48___ for 2 . 1 billion and operates as a division ___MASK22___ its parent company . ___MASK10___ and Tobago , officially the Republic of ___MASK10___ and Tobago , is a twin island country situated off the northern edge of the South American mainland , lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada . Bordering the Caribbean to the north , it shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast , Grenada to the northwest , Guyana to the southeast , and Venezuela to the south and west . A coin is a small , flat , round piece ___MASK22___ metal or plastic used primarily as a medium ___MASK22___ exchange or legal tender . They are standardized in weight , and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade . They are ___MASK47___ often issued by a government . ___MASK98___ or Cabo Verde ,, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean . Located off the coast of West Africa , the islands cover a combined area of slightly over . ___MASK29___ is the state capital of ___MASK92___ and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia ' s east coast , the metropolis surrounds the world ' s largest natural harbour , and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west . Residents of ___MASK29___ are known as " Sydneysiders ". ___MASK29___ is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor - General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in ___MASK29___ . ___MASK49___ is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the ___MASK17___ of ___MASK54___ and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country ' s capital , Honiara , is located on the island of Guadalcanal . The country takes its name from the ___MASK49___ archipelago , which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North ___MASK49___ ( part of ___MASK54___ ), but excludes outlying islands , such as Rennell and Bellona , and the Santa Cruz Islands . ___MASK69___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK69___ , is the largest country in the Central American isthmus . ___MASK69___ ' s capital , Managua , is the country ' s largest city and the third - largest city in Central America . The multi - ethnic population of six million includes indigenous peoples , Europeans , Africans , and Asians . The main language is Spanish . Native tribes on the eastern coast speak their own languages . ___MASK9___ ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the Republic ___MASK22___ ___MASK9___ , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the ___MASK72___ and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , ___MASK9___ is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms ___MASK22___ land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms ___MASK22___ combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population ___MASK22___ over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island ___MASK22___ Java contains more than half ___MASK22___ the country ' s population . Legal tender is a medium ___MASK22___ payment recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation . Paper currency and coins are common forms ___MASK22___ legal tender in many countries . Legal tender is variously defined in different jurisdictions . Formally , it is anything which when offered in payment extinguishes the debt . Thus , personal cheques , credit cards , and similar non - cash methods ___MASK22___ payment are not usually legal tender . The law does not relieve the debt obligation until payment is tendered . Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender . Some jurisdictions may forbid or restrict payment made other than by legal tender . For example , such a law might outlaw the use ___MASK22___ foreign coins and bank notes or require a license to perform financial transactions in a foreign currency . The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) is the federal government agency for scientific research in ___MASK48___ . Its chief role is to improve the economic and social performance of industry , for the benefit of the community . CSIRO works with leading organisations around the world , and CSIRO Publishing issues journals with the latest research by leading scientists on a broad range of subjects . A banknote ( often known as a bill , paper money , or simply a note ) is a type ___MASK22___ negotiable instrument known as a promissory note , made by a bank , payable to the bearer on demand . Banknotes were originally issued by commercial ___MASK55___ , who were legally required to redeem the notes for legal tender ( usually gold or silver coin ) when presented to the chief cashier ___MASK22___ the originating bank . These commercial banknotes only traded at face value in the market served by the issuing bank . Commercial banknotes have primarily been replaced by national banknotes issued by central ___MASK55___ . The Yarra Valley is the name given to the region surrounding the Yarra ___MASK85___ in ___MASK68___ , Australia . The river originates approximately 90 kilometres east of the Melbourne central business district and flows towards it and out into Port Phillip Bay . The name Yarra Valley is used in reference to the upper regions surrounding the Yarra ___MASK85___ and generally does not encompass the lower regions including the city and suburban areas , where the topography flattens out , or the upper reaches which are in inaccessible bushland . Included in the Yarra Valley is the sub - region of Upper Yarra ( or the Upper Yarra Valley ) which encompasses the towns of the former Shire of Upper Yarra in the catchment area upstream of and including Woori Yallock . The Yarra Valley is a popular day - trip and tourist area , featuring a range of natural features and agricultural produce , as well as the Lilydale to Warburton Rail Trail . ___MASK48___ , officially the Commonwealth of ___MASK48___ , is a country comprising the ___MASK51___ of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world ' s sixth - largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are ___MASK54___ , Indonesia and ___MASK17___ Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north - ___MASK17___ ; and New Zealand to the south - ___MASK17___ . ___MASK48___ ' s capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . A polymer ( Greek " poly -", " many " + "- mer ", " parts ") is a large molecule , or macromolecule , composed ___MASK22___ many repeated subunits . Because ___MASK22___ their broad range ___MASK22___ properties , both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life . Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function . Polymers , both natural and synthetic , are created via polymerization ___MASK22___ many small molecules , known as monomers . Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produces unique physical properties , including toughness , viscoelasticity , and a tendency to form glasses and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals . The United ___MASK86___ and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European ___MASK51___ , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its ___MASK81___ and the Celtic Sea to its ___MASK81___ - ___MASK81___ - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the ___MASK77___ . A ___MASK66___ bank , reserve bank , or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state ' s currency , money supply , and interest rates . ___MASK66___ ___MASK55___ also usually oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries . In contrast to a commercial bank , a ___MASK66___ bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base in the state , and usually also prints the national currency , which usually serves as the state ' s legal tender . ___MASK51___ is a contiguous landmass that is larger and often politically , economically and / or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories , such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf . ___MASK58___ is an island nation in the southwestern ___MASK32___ . The country geographically comprises two main landmasses  that ___MASK22___ the North Island , or Te Ika - a - Mui , and the ___MASK27___ , or Te Waipounamu  and numerous smaller islands . ___MASK58___ is situated some ___MASK17___ ___MASK22___ Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south ___MASK22___ the Pacific island areas ___MASK22___ New ___MASK70___ , Fiji , and ___MASK97___ . Because ___MASK22___ its remoteness , it was one ___MASK22___ the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period ___MASK22___ isolation , ___MASK58___ developed a distinct biodiversity ___MASK22___ animal , fungal and plant life . The country ' s varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift ___MASK22___ land and volcanic eruptions . ___MASK58___ ' s capital city is Wellington , while its most populous city is Auckland . ___MASK82___ , officially the Federal Democratic Republic ___MASK22___ ___MASK82___ , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . It has a population ___MASK22___ 26 . 4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering ___MASK12___ in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . ___MASK82___ does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) ___MASK22___ its southeastern tip . It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state ___MASK22___ Sikkim being located in between . ___MASK82___ has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight ___MASK22___ the world ' s ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation ' s capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . The Southern Hemisphere is the half sphere ___MASK22___ Earth which is south ___MASK22___ the equator . It contains all or parts ___MASK22___ five continents ( Antarctica , ___MASK48___ , about 90 % ___MASK22___ South America , the southern third ___MASK22___ Africa , and several southern islands off the continental ___MASK51___ ___MASK22___ Asia ), four oceans ( Indian , South Atlantic , Southern , and South Pacific ) and most ___MASK22___ the Pacific Islands in Oceania . Its surface is 80 . 9 % water , compared with 60 . 7 % water in the case ___MASK22___ the Northern Hemisphere , and it contains 32 . 7 % ___MASK22___ Earth ' s land . Port Phillip ( also commonly referred to as Port Phillip Bay or ( locally ) just The Bay ), is a large bay in southern ___MASK68___ , Australia ; it is the location of Melbourne . Geographically , the bay covers and the shore stretches roughly . Although it is extremely shallow for its size , most of the bay is navigable . The deepest portion is only , and half the region is shallower than . The volume of the water in the bay is around . A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit . Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets . Due to their importance in the financial stability ___MASK22___ a country , ___MASK55___ are highly regulated in most countries . Most nations have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking under which ___MASK55___ hold liquid assets equal to only a portion ___MASK22___ their current liabilities . In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity , ___MASK55___ are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set ___MASK22___ capital standards , known as the Basel Accords . Silver is the metallic element with the atomic number 47 . Its symbol is Ag , from the Latin "", derived from the Greek "  " ( literally " shiny " or " white "), and ultimately from a Proto - Indo - European language root reconstructed as *" her -", " grey " or " shining ". A soft , white , lustrous transition metal , it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity , and reflectivity ___MASK22___ any metal . The metal is found in the Earth ' s crust in the pure , free elemental form (" native silver "), as an alloy with gold and other metals , and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . ___MASK47___ silver is produced as a byproduct ___MASK22___ copper , gold , lead , and zinc refining . Silver is more abundant than gold , but it is much less abundant as a native metal . Its purity is typically measured on a per mille basis ; a 94 %- pure alloy is described as " 0 . 940 fine ". ___MASK88___ ( or ; Bislama ), officially the Republic of ___MASK88___ ( Bislama : " Ripablik blong ___MASK88___ "), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean . The archipelago , which is of volcanic origin , is some east of northern Australia , northeast of New Caledonia , east of New Guinea , southeast of the Solomon Islands , and west of Fiji . Commonwealth Securities , also known as CommSec , is ___MASK48___ ' s largest discount stockbroking firm operated by the Commonwealth Bank of ___MASK48___ . ___MASK41___ is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of ___MASK68___ , and the second - most populous city in Australia . The name " ___MASK41___ " refers to an urban agglomeration spanning which comprises the broader metropolitan area , as well as being the common name for its city centre . The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . ___MASK41___ consists of 31 municipalities . It has a population of 4 , 529 , 500 , and its inhabitants are called Melburnians . Polymer banknotes are banknotes made from a polymer such as biaxially oriented polypropylene ( BOPP ). Such notes incorporate many security features not available in paper banknotes , including the use ___MASK22___ metameric inks . Polymer banknotes last significantly longer than paper notes , causing a decrease in environmental impact and a reduced cost ___MASK22___ production and replacement . Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank ___MASK22___ ___MASK48___ ( RBA ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) and The ___MASK33___ ___MASK22___ ___MASK41___ . They were first issued as currency in ___MASK48___ during 1988 ( coinciding with ___MASK48___ ' s bicentennial year ). In 1996 ___MASK48___ switched completely to polymer banknotes . Other countries that have switched completely to polymer banknotes include ; Brunei , Canada , New Zealand , ___MASK54___ , Romania , Kuwait and Vietnam . The latest countries to introduce polymer banknotes into circulation include : the United Kingdom , ___MASK98___ , Chile , The Gambia , Nicaragua , ___MASK10___ and Tobago , Republic ___MASK22___ Maldives and Nepal . ___MASK63___ ( or ) is the capital city ___MASK22___ ___MASK48___ . With a population ___MASK22___ 381 , 488 , it is ___MASK48___ ' s largest inland city and the eighth - largest city overall . The city is located at the northern end ___MASK22___ the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ), south - west ___MASK22___ Sydney , and north - ___MASK17___ ___MASK22___ ___MASK41___ . A resident ___MASK22___ ___MASK63___ is known as a " Canberran ". Colonial First State is a wealth management group in ___MASK48___ . It offers investment , superannuation and retirement products to individuals and corporate superannuation solutions to employers in ___MASK48___ . Founded in 1988 , Colonial First State is wholly owned by the Commonwealth Bank Group . ___MASK95___ ('), officially the State ___MASK22___ ___MASK95___ ('), is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the ___MASK13___ edge ___MASK22___ Eastern Arabia at the tip ___MASK22___ the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with ___MASK36___ and Saudi Arabia . , ___MASK95___ has a population ___MASK22___ 4 . 2 million people ; 1 . 3 million are Kuwaitis and 2 . 9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % ___MASK22___ the population . ASB Bank , commonly stylised as ASB , is a bank owned by Commonwealth Bank , operating in ___MASK58___ . It provides a variety ___MASK22___ financial services including retail , business and rural banking , funds management , as well as insurance through its Sovereign arm , and investment and securities services through its ASB Group Investments and ASB Securities arms . ASB also operates BankDirect , a branchless banking service that provides service via phone , Internet , EFTPOS and ATMs only . ___MASK39___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK39___ , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the ___MASK17___ and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders ___MASK61___ to the north , ___MASK50___ to the northeast , Argentina to the ___MASK17___ , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . ___MASK39___ also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty . Australian Securities Exchange Ltd , or ASX Limited ( ASX ), is an Australian public company that operates ___MASK48___ ' s primary securities exchange , the Australian Securities Exchange ( sometimes referred to outside of ___MASK48___ as the Sydney Stock Exchange ). It was formed on 1 April 1987 , through incorporation under legislation of the Australian Parliament as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges , and merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006 . The Reserve Bank ___MASK22___ ___MASK48___ ( RBA ), on 14 January 1960 , became the Australian central bank and banknote issuing authority , when the Reserve Bank Act 1959 ( 23 April 1959 ) removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank .