occupation colin muset
The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries . The period is associated with the pan - European Renaissance , a word first used by the French ___MASK84___ Jules Michelet to define the artistic and cultural " rebirth " of Europe . Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings , typically spoken in the first person . The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature , the lyric , which was defined by its musical accompaniment , usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre . The term owes its importance in ___MASK50___ theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry : lyrical , dramatic and epic . A lai ( or " lay lyrique ", " lyric lay ", to distinguish it from a " lai breton ") is a lyrical , narrative poem written in octosyllabic couplets that often deals with tales of adventure and romance . " Lais " were mainly composed in France and Germany , during the 13th and 14th centuries . The English term " lay " is a 13th - century loan from Old French " lai ". The origin of the French term itself is unclear ; perhaps it is itself a loan from German " Leich " ( reflected in archaic or dialectal English " lake ", " sport , play "). The terms " note ", " nota " and " notula " ( as used by Johannes de Grocheio ) appear to have been synonyms for " lai ". Johannes de Grocheio ( Grocheo ) ( c . 1255  c . 1320 ) was a Parisian musical theorist of the early fourteenth century . His French name was Jean de Grouchy , but he is more commonly known by his Latinized name . A ___MASK44___ of Arts , he is the author of the treatise " Ars musicae " (" The art of music ") ( c . 1300 ), an attempt to describe the music of his time as it was practiced in and around Paris . Colin Muset ( fl . c . 1210 -- 50 or 1230 -- 70 ) was an Old French ___MASK100___ and a native of Lorraine . He made his living in the Champagne by travelling from castle to castle singing songs of his own composition and playing the vielle . These are not confined to the praise of courtly love that formed the usual topic of the trouvères , but contain many details of a jongleur ' s life . His complete works are eighteen : nine attributed in chansonniers , three self - referencing , and six whose attributions are based on modern scholarship ( one of which is held to be mis - attributed in the manuscripts ) . Twenty one poems credited to him were edited and published by Joseph Bédier in 1912 ( Paris ) and later , with the reduction of his authentic corpus to sixteen poems , by Massimiliano Chiamenti in 2005 ( Rome ) . Nine of his poems have surviving music . Seven are chansons jongleuresques , that is , songs describing the life of a jongleur . His three serventois condemn the avarice of the ___MASK55___ , but his moralising is balanced by self - deprecating humour . He also wrote two descorts , one lai , and one cynical tenson with Jacques d ' Amiens . The nickname `` Muset '' may derive from his inspiration ( `` muse '' ) or from his habit of muser ( wandering about , wasting time ) . Joseph Bédier ( 28 January 1864  29 August 1938 ) was a French ___MASK60___ and ___MASK11___ and ___MASK84___ of medieval France . The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family . It is the smallest and highest - pitched instrument in the family in regular use . Smaller violin - type instruments are known , including the violino piccolo and the kit violin , but these are virtually unused in the 2010s . The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths , and is most commonly played by ___MASK90___ a bow across its strings , though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers ( pizzicato ). Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres . They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music . They are also frequently used in genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music and in jazz . Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music ; further , the violin has come to be played in many non - Western music cultures , including Indian music and Iranian music . The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle , particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass , but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it . Massimiliano Chiamenti ( Florence , 1967 - Bologna , 2011 ) was an Italian ___MASK54___ and philologist . Old French (', ', ""; Modern French ) was the Gallo - Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the 14th century . In the 14th century , these dialects came to be collectively known as the " langues d ' oïl ", contrasting with the " langue d ' oc " or Occitan language in the south of France . The mid - 14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French , the language of the French Renaissance , specifically based on the dialect of the Île - de - France region . ___MASK100___ , sometimes spelled trouveur , is the Northern French ( langue d ' oïl ) form of the langue d ' oc ( Occitan ) word " trobador ". It refers to ___MASK54___ - composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours ( composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages ) but who composed their works in the northern dialects of France . The first known " trouvère " was Chrétien de Troyes (" fl ". 1160s - 1180s ) ( Butterfield , 1997 ) and the " trouvères " continued to flourish until about 1300 . Some 2130 " trouvère " poems have survived ; of these , at least two - thirds have melodies . ___MASK50___ fiction comprises fictional works that hold ___MASK50___ merit ; that is , they involve social commentary , or political criticism , or focus on the human condition . ___MASK50___ fiction is deliberately written in dialogue with existing works , created with the above aims in mind and is focused more on themes than on plot , and it is common for ___MASK50___ fiction to be taught and discussed in schools and universities . Chrétien de Troyes (" Christian ") was a late - 12th - century French ___MASK54___ and trouvère known for his work on Arthurian subjects , and for originating the character Lancelot . This work represents some of the best - regarded of medieval literature . His use of structure , particularly in " Yvain , the Knight of the Lion ", has been seen as a step towards the modern novel . Little is known of his life , but he seems to have been from Troyes , or at least intimately connected with it , and between 1160 and 1172 he served at the court of his patroness Marie of France , Countess of Champagne , daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine , perhaps as herald - at - arms ( as Gaston Paris speculated ). The vielle is a European bowed stringed instrument used in the Medieval period , similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body , three to five gut strings , and a leaf - shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs , sometimes with a figure - 8 shaped body . France , officially the French Republic , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and ___MASK97___ centre . Other ___MASK68___ urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . A ___MASK54___ is a person who writes poetry . Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others . A ___MASK54___ may simply be a writer of poetry , or may perform their art to an audience . A ___MASK20___ was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages ( 1100  1350 ). Since the word " ___MASK20___ " is etymologically masculine , a female ___MASK20___ is usually called a ___MASK33___ . Chivalry , or the chivalric code , is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between 1170 and 1220 . The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth ' s " Historia Regum Britanniae " which introduced the legend of ___MASK42___ Arthur , written in the 1130s . Île - de - France (, , " Island of France "), also known as the " région parisienne " (" Parisian Region "; see Etymology ), is one of the 18 regions of France , and includes the city of Paris . It covers 12012 square kilometers ( 4638 square miles ), and has its own regional council and ___MASK38___ . It has a population of 12 , 005 , 077 as of January 2014 , or 18 . 2 percent of the population of France . Courtly love ( or fin ' amor in Occitan ) was a medieval European ___MASK50___ conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry . Medieval literature is filled with examples of knights setting out on adventures and performing various services for ladies because of their " courtly love ". This kind of love is originally a ___MASK50___ fiction created for the entertainment of the nobility , but as time passed , these ideas about love changed and attracted a larger audience . In the high Middle Ages , a " game of love " developed around these ideas as a set of social practices . " Loving nobly " was considered to be an enriching and improving practice .