place_of_death yevgeny khaldei
Adolf Hitler ( 20 April 1889  30 April 1945 ) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (" Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei "; NSDAP ), Chancellor of ___MASK56___ from 1933 to 1945 , and Führer (" Leader ") of ___MASK3___ from 1934 to 1945 . As dictator of the German Reich , he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of ___MASK61___ in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust . The Soviet Navy ( literally " Military Maritime ___MASK97___ of the USSR ") was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces . Often referred to as the Red ___MASK97___ , the Soviet Navy was a large part of the Soviet ___MASK52___ ' s strategic plan in the event of a conflict with the United States , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ), or another conflict related to the ___MASK55___ Pact . The influence of the Soviet Navy played a large role in the Cold War , as the majority of conflicts centered on naval forces . Yevgeny Anan ' evich Khaldei ( 23 March ( O . S . 10 March ) 1917 -- 6 October 1997 ) was a Red Army photographer , ___MASK98___ known for his World War II photograph of a Soviet soldier Raising a flag over the Reichstag , in ___MASK25___ , capital of the vanquished Nazi Germany . ___MASK3___ is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945 , when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ). Under Hitler ' s rule , Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life . The official name of the state was " Deutsches Reich " from 1933 to 1943 and " Großdeutsches Reich " (" Greater German Reich ") from 1943 to 1945 . The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period ( abbreviated as " NS - Zeit "). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . The Bolsheviks , originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki ( derived from  " ___MASK41___ ' shinstvo ", " majority ", literally meaning " one of the majority ") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) which ___MASK86___ apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903 . The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk ( Belarus ) to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the ___MASK54___ into one party . ___MASK56___ , officially the Federal Republic of ___MASK56___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in ___MASK45___ - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , ___MASK56___ is the ___MASK75___ populous member state of the European ___MASK52___ . After the United States , it is the second ___MASK75___ popular immigration destination in the world . ___MASK56___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include ___MASK33___ , Munich , ___MASK49___ , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . A military ___MASK34___ is an international agreement concerning national security , when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance . Military alliances differ from coalitions , as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known . World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the ___MASK75___ widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and ___MASK99___ ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Holocaust ( from the Greek ': " hólos ", " whole " and " kaustós ", " burnt "), also referred to as the Shoah "' ( Hebrew : , " HaShoah ", " the catastrophe "), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler ' s ___MASK3___ and its collaborators killed about six million Jews . The victims included 1 . 5 million children and represented about two - thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe . Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non - Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders , bringing the total to about 11 million . Killings took place throughout ___MASK3___ , German - occupied territories , and territories held by allies of ___MASK3___ . During World War II , the American atomic bombings of ___MASK96___ and ___MASK99___ made ___MASK99___ the second and , to date , last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack . The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of ___MASK96___ and ___MASK99___ on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , during the final stage of World War II . The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the ___MASK27___ as outlined in the ___MASK100___ Agreement . The two bombings , which killed at least 129 , 000 people , remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history . ___MASK96___ is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city ( and later on ___MASK99___ ) at 8 : 15 a . m . on August 6 , 1945 , near the end of World War II . ___MASK14___ ( Russian SFSR or RSFSR ; ), commonly known as , was a sovereign state in 1917  22 and 1991 - 93 , the largest , ___MASK75___ populous , and ___MASK75___ economically developed republic of the Soviet ___MASK52___ in 1922  91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet ___MASK52___ with its own legislation in 1990  91 . The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics , five autonomous oblasts , ten autonomous okrugs , six krais , and forty oblasts . Russians formed the largest ethnic group . The capital of the Russian SFSR was ___MASK58___ and the other major urban centers included Leningrad , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . The National Socialist German Workers ' Party ( abbreviated NSDAP ), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party , was a political party in ___MASK56___ that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism . Its precursor , the German Workers ' Party (" Deutsche Arbeiterpartei "; DAP ), existed from 1919 to 1920 . The Soviet Armed Forces , also called the Armed Forces of the ___MASK52___ of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet ___MASK52___ ( Russian :       " Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik ",     ) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR ( 1917  1922 ), and Soviet ___MASK52___ ( 1922  1991 ) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution in December 1991 . The Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army (: RKKA , frequently shortened in Russian to ; KA , in English : Red Army also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch - Red Horde , Army of Work ) was the army and the air force of the ___MASK14___ , and after 1922 the ___MASK52___ of Soviet Socialist Republics . The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution ( Red October or Bolshevik Revolution ). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations ( especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army ) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War . Beginning in February 1946 , the Red Army , along with the Soviet Navy , embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces ; taking the official name of " Soviet Army ", until its dissolution in December 1991 . The Russian Civil War was a multi - party war in the former ___MASK54___ immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917 , as many factions vied to determine Russia ' s political future . The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army , fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism , and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army , which included diverse interests favoring monarchism , capitalism and alternative forms of socialism , each with democratic and antidemocratic variants . In addition , rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites . Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army , notably the Allied Forces and the pro - German armies . The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919 . The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920 . Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years , and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into ___MASK94___ . Armed national resistance in Central ___MASK26___ was not completely crushed until 1934 . There were an estimated 7 , 000 , 000 - 12 , 000 , 000 casualties during the war , mostly civilians . The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen .