located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity green spring run
" Main Stem " is 1942 instrumental by Duke ___MASK14___ and His Famous Orchestra . Although recorded in 1942 , the single would not be released until 1944 where it was Duke ___MASK14___ ' s last ___MASK90___ four number one ' s on the Harlem Hit Parade . " Main Stem " also peaked at number twenty on the pop chart . A ___MASK4___ is a natural flowing watercourse , usually freshwater , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another ___MASK4___ . In some cases a ___MASK4___ flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term ___MASK4___ as applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the United States , " burn " in Scotland and northeast England , and " beck " in northern England . Sometimes a ___MASK4___ is defined as being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . In geography , regions are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography ), human impact characteristics ( human geography ), and the interaction ___MASK90___ humanity and the environment ( environmental geography ). Geographic regions and sub - regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined , and sometimes transitory boundaries , except in human geography , where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law . The Potomac ___MASK4___ is located along the mid - Atlantic Ocean coast of the United States and flows into the Chesapeake Bay . The ___MASK4___ ( main stem and North Branch ) is approximately long , with a drainage area of about 14 , 700 square miles ( 38 , 000 km² ). In terms of area , this makes the Potomac ___MASK4___ the fourth largest ___MASK4___ along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States . Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed . ___MASK70___ is a city in the Commonwealth ___MASK90___ Pennsylvania in the United States , and is the county seat ___MASK90___ ___MASK5___ . The Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) population ___MASK90___ 2 , 659 , 937 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia , the second - largest in Pennsylvania after Philadelphia and the 20th - largest in the U . S . Located at the confluence ___MASK90___ the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers , which form the Ohio River , ___MASK70___ is known as both " the Steel City " for its more than 300 steel - related businesses , and as the " City ___MASK90___ Bridges " for its 446 bridges . The city features 30 skyscrapers , two inclines , a pre - revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence ___MASK90___ the rivers . The city developed as a vital link ___MASK90___ the Atlantic coast and Midwest . The mineral - rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires , Virginia , Whiskey Rebels , and Civil War raiders . In usage in the United States , a bayou ( or , from Cajun French ) is a body ___MASK90___ water typically found in a flat , low - lying area , and can be either an extremely slow - moving stream or ___MASK4___ ( often with a poorly defined shoreline ), or a marshy lake or wetland . The name " bayou " can also refer to a creek whose current reverses daily due to tides and which contains brackish water highly conducive to fish life and plankton . Bayous are commonly found in the Gulf Coast region ___MASK90___ the southern United States , notably the Mississippi ___MASK4___ Delta , with the states ___MASK90___ ___MASK61___ and Texas being famous for them . A bayou is frequently an anabranch or minor braid ___MASK90___ a braided channel that is moving much more slowly than the mainstem , often becoming boggy and stagnant . Though fauna varies by region , many bayous are home to crawfish , certain species ___MASK90___ shrimp , other shellfish , catfish , frogs , toads , American alligators , American crocodiles , herons , turtles , spoonbills , snakes , leeches , and a myriad ___MASK90___ other species . Etymology . The word was first used by the English in ___MASK61___ and is thought to originate from the Choctaw word " bayuk ", which means " small stream ". The first settlements ___MASK90___ Bayou Teche , and other bayous , were by the Creoles , and that is why bayous are associated with Creole culture . ___MASK49___ , officially the City ___MASK90___ ___MASK49___ , is a western gateway city and seat ___MASK90___ ___MASK8___ , ___MASK39___ , and the primary city ___MASK90___ the ___MASK49___ , MD - WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . At the 2010 census , the city had a population ___MASK90___ 20 , 859 , and the metropolitan area had a population ___MASK90___ 103 , 299 . ___MASK49___ is a regional business and commercial ___MASK28___ for Western ___MASK39___ and the Potomac Highlands ___MASK90___ West Virginia . ___MASK79___ (, officially the Commonwealth ___MASK90___ ___MASK79___ ) is a state located in the Mid - Atlantic region ___MASK90___ the United States , as well as in the historic Southeast . ___MASK79___ is nicknamed the " Old Dominion " due to its status as the first colonial possession established in ___MASK25___ British America , and " Mother ___MASK90___ Presidents " because eight U . S . presidents were born there , more than any other state . The geography and climate ___MASK90___ the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much ___MASK90___ its ___MASK29___ and fauna . The capital ___MASK90___ the Commonwealth is Richmond ; ___MASK79___ Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth ' s estimated population is over 8 . 3 million , which is slightly less than ___MASK66___ City . ___MASK75___ is an Eastern state in the Great ___MASK24___ region of the United States . ___MASK75___ is the 34th largest by area , the 7th most populous , and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States . The state ' s capital and largest city is Columbus . Americans are citizens ___MASK90___ the ___MASK64___ . The country is home to people ___MASK90___ many different national origins . As a result , Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity , but with citizenship and allegiance . Although citizens make up the majority ___MASK90___ Americans , non - citizen residents , dual citizens , and expatriates may also claim an American identity . The ___MASK94___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". Groundwater ( or ground water ) is the water present beneath ___MASK55___ ' s surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures ___MASK90___ ___MASK30___ formations . A unit ___MASK90___ ___MASK30___ or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity ___MASK90___ water . The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in ___MASK30___ become completely saturated with water is called the water table . Groundwater is recharged from , and eventually flows to , the surface naturally ; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps , and can form oases or wetlands . Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural , municipal , and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells . The study ___MASK90___ the distribution and movement ___MASK90___ groundwater is hydrogeology , also called groundwater hydrology . A lake is an area ___MASK90___ variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any ___MASK4___ or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . ___MASK24___ lie on land and are not part ___MASK90___ the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . ___MASK24___ can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most ___MASK24___ are fed and drained by rivers and streams . The ___MASK75___ ___MASK4___ , which streams westward from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , to Cairo , Illinois , is the largest tributary , by volume , of the Mississippi ___MASK4___ in the United States . At the confluence , the ___MASK75___ is considerably bigger than the Mississippi ( ___MASK75___ at Cairo : 281 , 500 cu ft / s ( 7 , 960 m / s ); Mississippi at Thebes : 208 , 200 cu ft / s ( 5 , 897 m / s )) and , thus , is hydrologically the main stream of the whole ___MASK4___ system , including the Allegheny ___MASK4___ further upstream . A stream is a body ___MASK90___ water with a current , confined within a bed and ___MASK71___ . Depending on its location or certain characteristics , a stream may be referred to as a " bayou ", " beck ", " branch ", " brook ", " burn ", " creek ", " crick ", " ghyll ", " gill ", " kill ", " lick ", " mill race ", " race ", " rill ", " ___MASK4___ ", " rivulet ", " run ", " runnel ", " streamage ", " syke ", or " wash ". Appalachia is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier ___MASK90___ ___MASK66___ to northern Alabama , Mississippi and Georgia . While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle ( Newfoundland and Labrador ) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama , the cultural region ___MASK90___ Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions ___MASK90___ the range . As ___MASK90___ the 2010 United States Census , the region was home to approximately 25 million people . Geography ( from Greek , " geographia ", literally " ___MASK55___ description ") is a field ___MASK90___ science devoted to the study ___MASK90___ the lands , the features , the inhabitants , and the phenomena ___MASK90___ Earth . The first person to use the word "  " was Eratosthenes ( 276  194 BC ). Geography is an all - encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding ___MASK90___ the Earth and its human and natural complexities  not merely where objects are , but how they have changed and come to be . It is often defined in terms ___MASK90___ the two branches ___MASK90___ human geography and physical geography . The four historical traditions in geographical research are : spatial analyses ___MASK90___ natural and the human phenomena , area studies ___MASK90___ places and regions , studies ___MASK90___ human - land relationships , and the Earth sciences . Geography has been called " the world discipline " and " the bridge between the human and the physical sciences ". In hillslope geomorphology , a rill is a shallow channel ( no more than a few tens ___MASK90___ centimetres deep ) cut into soil by the erosive action ___MASK90___ flowing water . Similar but smaller incised channels are known as microrills ; larger incised channels are known as gullies . Martinsburg is a city in and the county seat ___MASK90___ ___MASK85___ , West Virginia , USA , in the state ' s Eastern Panhandle region . Its population was 17 , 227 at the 2010 census , making it the largest city in the Eastern Panhandle and the ninth largest municipality in the state . Martinsburg is one ___MASK90___ the core cities in the Hagerstown - Martinsburg , MD - WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . Green Spring Run is an 8 . 9 - mile - long ( 14 . 3 km ) tributary stream ___MASK90___ the North Branch Potomac ___MASK4___ in Hampshire County in the U . S . state ___MASK90___ West Virginia . Green Spring Run rises in Greenwood Hollow north ___MASK90___ Springfield and meanders northeast through Green Spring Valley . The South Branch Valley Railroad and Green Spring Road ( West Virginia Secondary Route 1 ) run parallel to the stream . It runs through the community ___MASK90___ Green Spring , from which the stream takes its name . From Green Spring , Green Spring Run flows east where it reaches its confluence with the North Branch Potomac shortly before the North Branch joins with the South Branch Potomac ___MASK4___ to form the Potomac ___MASK4___ . According to the Geographic Names Information System , Green Spring Run has also been known as Greenspring Creek . A body ___MASK90___ water or waterbody ( often spelled water body ) is any significant accumulation ___MASK90___ water , generally on a planet ' s surface . The term ___MASK38___ often refers to oceans , seas , and ___MASK24___ , but it includes smaller pools ___MASK90___ water such as ponds , wetlands , or more rarely , puddles . A body ___MASK90___ water does not have to be still or contained ; Rivers , streams , canals , and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies ___MASK90___ water . ___MASK39___ is a state located in the Mid - Atlantic region of the United States , bordering Virginia , West Virginia , and Washington , D . C . to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware to its east . The state ' s largest city is Baltimore , and its capital is Annapolis . Among its occasional nicknames are " Old Line State ", the " Free State ", and the " Chesapeake Bay State ". The state is named after Henrietta Maria of France , the wife of Charles I of England . A drainage ___MASK92___ or catchment ___MASK92___ is an extent or an area ___MASK90___ land where all surface water from rain , melting snow , or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation , usually the exit ___MASK90___ the ___MASK92___ , where the waters join another body ___MASK90___ water , such as a ___MASK4___ , lake , reservoir , estuary , wetland , sea , or ocean . Thus if a tributary stream joins a brook that in turn joins a small ___MASK4___ which is a tributary ___MASK90___ a larger ___MASK4___ , there is a series ___MASK90___ successively larger ( and lower elevation ) drainage basins . For instance , the Missouri and Ohio rivers are within their own drainage basins and also within the drainage ___MASK92___ ___MASK90___ the Mississippi ___MASK4___ . ___MASK68___ , officially the Commonwealth of ___MASK68___ , is a state located in the east south - central region of the United States . ___MASK68___ is one of four U . S . states constituted as a commonwealth ( the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts ). Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 ___MASK68___ became the 15th state to join the Union . ___MASK68___ is the 37th ___MASK38___ extensive and the 26th ___MASK38___ populous of the 50 United States . ___MASK98___ ( ___MASK98___ German : " Pennsylvaani "), officially the Commonwealth ___MASK90___ ___MASK98___ , is a state located in the northeastern and Mid - Atlantic regions ___MASK90___ the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast , ___MASK39___ to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province ___MASK90___ Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Sovereignty is understood in jurisprudence as the full right and power ___MASK90___ a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies . In political theory , sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity . It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model ___MASK90___ state foundation . A mill race , millrace or millrun is the current ___MASK90___ water that turns a water wheel , or the channel ( sluice ) conducting water to or from a water wheel . Compared to the broad waters ___MASK90___ a mill pond , the narrow current is swift and powerful . The race leading to the water wheel on a wide stream or mill pond is called the head race ( or headrace ), and the race leading away from the wheel is called the tail race ( or tailrace ). The ___MASK91___ Branch Valley Railroad consists ___MASK90___ a 52 . 4 mile ( 84 . 33 km ) length ___MASK90___ railroad in the U . S . state ___MASK90___ ___MASK50___ extending north along the ___MASK91___ Branch Potomac ___MASK4___ from Petersburg to the CSXT mainline at Green Spring adjacent to the Potomac ___MASK4___ . At Green Spring , the CSXT mainline connects the SBVR to Cumberland , ___MASK39___ to the west and Martinsburg , ___MASK50___ to the east . SBVR has been owned and operated by the ___MASK50___ State Rail Authority ( SRA ) since it was sold by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad on October 11 , 1978 . Upon purchasing the B & O ' s ___MASK91___ Branch line , ___MASK50___ became the first state in the United States to both own and operate a commercial freight railroad . In 1985 , major flooding ___MASK90___ the ___MASK91___ Branch Valley destroyed most ___MASK90___ the rail line , including all three bridges that crossed the ___MASK91___ Branch Potomac ___MASK4___ . Despite talk ___MASK90___ shutting down the railroad after the flood , reconstruction began two years later . A federal republic is a federation ___MASK90___ states with a republican form ___MASK90___ government . At its core , the literal meaning ___MASK90___ the word republic when used to reference a form ___MASK90___ government means : " a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader ( such as a president ) rather than by a ___MASK48___ or queen ". A tributary or affluent is a stream or ___MASK4___ that flows into a larger stream or main stem ( or parent ) ___MASK4___ or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean . Tributaries and the main stem ___MASK4___ drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean . ___MASK50___ is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the ___MASK73___ , Ohio to the northwest , Pennsylvania to the north ( and , slightly , east ), and ___MASK39___ to the northeast . ___MASK50___ is the 41st largest by area , the 38th most populous , and has the second lowest household income of the 50 United States . The capital and largest city is Charleston . A U . S . state is a constituent political entity ___MASK90___ the ___MASK64___ . There are 50 states , which are bound together in a union with each other . Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory , and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government . Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government , Americans are citizens ___MASK90___ both the federal republic and ___MASK90___ the state in which they reside . State citizenship and residency are flexible , and no government approval is required to move between states , except for persons covered by certain types ___MASK90___ court orders ( e . g ., paroled convicts and children ___MASK90___ divorced spouses who are sharing custody ). The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the ___MASK94___ , and surrounded by the North American ___MASK25___ to the west , and the Delmarva Peninsula to the east . It is the largest such body in the contiguous United States . The northern bay is within ___MASK39___ , the southern portion within Virginia , and is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states , as well as others . More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bay ' s drainage basin , which covers parts of six states ( New York , Pennsylvania , Delaware , ___MASK39___ , Virginia and West Virginia ) plus all of the District of Columbia . In geography , a confluence is the meeting ___MASK90___ two or more bodies ___MASK90___ water . Also known as a " conflux ", it refers either to the point where a tributary joins a larger ___MASK4___ , ( main stem ), or where two streams meet to become the source ___MASK90___ a ___MASK4___ ___MASK90___ a new name , such as the confluence ___MASK90___ the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania creating the Ohio ___MASK4___ .