genre louis theroux: under the knife
Liposuction or simply lipo , is a type of cosmetic surgery that removes fat from the human body in an attempt to change its shape . Evidence does not support an effect on weight beyond a couple of months and it does not appear to affect obesity related problems . Serious complications include deep vein thrombosis , organ perforation , bleeding , and infection . Death occurs in about one per ten thousand cases . The safety of the technique relates not only to the amount of tissue removed , but to the choice of anesthetic and the person ' s overall ___MASK54___ . Several factors limit the amount of fat that can be removed in one session . Negative aspects to removing too much fat include " lumpiness " in the skin . Areas operated on can include the abdomen , thighs , buttocks , and backs of the arms . The procedure may be performed under general , regional , or local anesthesia . It then involves using a cannulae and negative pressure to suck out fat . People operated on should generally have a normal weight and good skin elasticity . In the United States it is the most commonly done cosmetic surgery . Relatively modern techniques for body contouring and removal of fat were first performed by a French surgeon , Charles Dujarier . A 1926 case that resulted in gangrene in the leg of a French model in a procedure performed by Dr . Dujarier set back interest in body contouring for decades . In the practice of ___MASK69___ ( especially surgery and dentistry ), anesthesia or anaesthesia is a temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness . It may include analgesia ( relief from or prevention of pain ), paralysis ( muscle relaxation ), amnesia ( loss of memory ), or unconsciousness . A patient under the effects of anesthetic drugs is referred to as being anesthetized . Louis Theroux ' s Weird Weekends is a ___MASK8___ series , in which Louis Theroux gives viewers the chance to get brief glimpses into the worlds of individuals and groups that they would not normally come into contact with or experience up close . In most cases this means interviewing people with extreme beliefs of some kind , or just generally belonging to subcultures not known to exist by most or just frowned upon . It was first shown in the United Kingdom on BBC2 . In 2001 , Theroux was awarded the Richard Dimbleby Award as well as the Best Presenter BAFTA for his work on the series . Gangrene ( or gangrenous necrosis ) is a type of necrosis caused by a critically insufficient blood supply . This potentially life - threatening condition may occur after an injury or infection , or in people suffering from any chronic ___MASK54___ problem affecting blood circulation . The primary cause of gangrene is reduced blood supply to the affected tissues , which results in cell death . Diabetes and long - term smoking increase the risk of suffering from gangrene . The abdomen ( less formally called the belly , stomach , tummy or midriff ) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax ( chest ) and pelvis , in humans and in other vertebrates . The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity . In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body ; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax . The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim . The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint ( the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 ) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet . The ___MASK72___ above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity . The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear . Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body , generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia , that is , local insensitivity to pain , although other local senses may be affected as well . It allows patients to undergo surgical and dental procedures with reduced pain and distress . In many situations , such as cesarean section , it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia . It is also used for ___MASK67___ of non - surgical pain and to enable diagnosis of the cause of some chronic pain conditions . Anesthetists sometimes combine both general and local anesthesia techniques . Paul Edward Theroux ( born April 10 , 1941 ) is an American ___MASK97___ writer and novelist , whose best - known work is " The Great Railway Bazaar " ( 1975 ). He has published numerous works of ___MASK31___ , some of which were adapted as feature films . He was awarded the 1981 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel " The Mosquito Coast ," which was adapted for the 1986 movie of the same name . Louis Sebastian Theroux (; born 20 May 1970 ) is a British - American ___MASK76___ filmmaker , and broadcaster . He is best known for his ___MASK76___ series , including " Louis Theroux ' s Weird Weekends ", " When Louis Met ...", and his BBC Two specials . His career started in ___MASK89___ and bears influences of notable writers in his ___MASK5___ , such as his father Paul Theroux and brother Marcel . He works with the BBC producing his documentaries and television series . He has received two British Academy Television Awards and a Royal Television Society Television Award for his work . When Louis Met ... is a series of ___MASK76___ films by Louis Theroux . The series was originally aired on BBC2 from 2000 to 2002 . In the series , Theroux accompanied a different British celebrity in each programme as they went about their day - to - day business , interviewing them about their lives and experiences as he did so . His episode about the DJ charity fund - raiser , Jimmy Savile "( When Louis Met ... Jimmy )" was voted one of the top 50 documentaries of all time in a survey by Britain ' s Channel Four . In another episode "(" When Louis Met ... the Hamiltons ")", the Tory MP Neil Hamilton and his wife Christine were arrested during the course of filming following allegations of indecent assault which were subsequently found to be false . The show did not return for a third series ; Theroux said that he had difficulty in finding people to appear . Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on ___MASK54___ . People are generally considered obese when their body ___MASK71___ index ( BMI ), a measurement obtained by dividing a person ' s weight by the square of the person ' s height , is over , with the range defined as overweight . Some East Asian countries use lower values . Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases , particularly heart disease , type 2 diabetes , obstructive sleep apnea , certain types of cancer , and osteoarthritis . Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake , lack of physical activity , and genetic susceptibility . A few cases are caused primarily by genes , endocrine disorders , medications , or mental illness . The view that obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is not generally supported . On average , obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body ___MASK71___ . Obesity is mostly preventable through a combination of social changes and personal choices . Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments . Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy - dense foods , such as those high in fat and sugars , and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber . Medications may be taken , along with a suitable diet , to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption . If diet , exercise , and medication are not effective , a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or bowel length , leading to feeling full earlier or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food . Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide , with increasing rates in adults and children . In 2014 , 600 million adults ( 13 %) and 42 million children under the age of five were obese . Obesity is more common in women than men . Authorities view it as one of the most serious public ___MASK54___ problems of the 21st century . Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world ( particularly in the Western world ), though it was seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in some parts of the world . In 2013 , the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease . Deep vein thrombosis , or deep venous thrombosis ( DVT ), is the formation of a blood clot ( thrombus ) within a deep vein , most commonly the legs . Nonspecific signs may include pain , swelling , redness , warmness , and engorged superficial veins . Pulmonary embolism , a potentially life - threatening complication , is caused by the detachment ( embolization ) of a clot that travels to the lungs . Together , DVT and pulmonary embolism constitute a single disease process known as venous thromboembolism . Post - thrombotic syndrome , another complication , significantly contributes to the ___MASK54___ - care cost of DVT . In 1856 , German pathologist Rudolf Virchow postulated the interplay of three processes resulting in venous thrombosis , now known as Virchow ' s triad : a decreased blood flow rate ( venous stasis ), increased tendency to clot ( hypercoagulability ), and changes to the blood vessel wall . DVT formation typically begins inside the valves of the calf veins , where the blood is relatively oxygen deprived , which activates certain biochemical pathways . Several medical conditions increase the risk for DVT , including cancer , trauma , and antiphospholipid syndrome . Other risk factors include older age , surgery , immobilization ( as with bed rest , orthopedic casts , and sitting on long flights ), combined oral contraceptives , pregnancy , the postnatal period , and genetic factors . Those genetic factors include deficiencies with antithrombin , protein C , and protein S , the mutation of factor V Leiden , and the property of having a non - O blood type . Individuals suspected of having DVT may be assessed using a clinical prediction rule such as the Wells score . A D - dimer test may also be used to assist with excluding the diagnosis ( because of its high sensitivity ) or to signal a need for further testing . Diagnosis is most commonly done with ultrasound of the suspected veins . Prevention options for at - risk individuals include early and frequent walking , calf exercises , anticoagulants , aspirin , graduated compression stockings , and intermittent pneumatic compression . Anticoagulation is the standard treatment ; typical medications include low - molecular - weight heparin or a vitamin K antagonist . Wearing graduated compression stockings appears to reduce the risk of post - thrombotic syndrome . The rate of DVTs increases from childhood to old age ; in adulthood , about one in 1000 adults is affected per year . Louis Theroux : Under the Knife is a TV ___MASK76___ written and presented by Louis Theroux about the people and doctors involved in plastic surgery operations . Filmed mostly in the USA , in the programme , Louis himself ends up getting liposuction . The British Academy ___MASK56___ Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and ___MASK56___ Arts ( BAFTA ). They have been awarded annually since 1955 .