original_language_of_work samurai spy
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical spread during the Cold War . It was first announced to Congress by President Harry S . Truman on March 12 , 1947 and further developed on July 12 , 1948 when he pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey . American military force was usually not involved , but Congress appropriated free gifts of financial aid to support the economies and the military of Greece and Turkey . More generally , the Truman doctrine implied American support for other nations threatened by Soviet communism . The Truman Doctrine became the foundation of American foreign policy , and led , in 1949 , to the formation of NATO , a military alliance that is still in effect . Historians often use Truman ' s speech to date the start of the Cold War . Truman told Congress that " it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures ." Truman reasoned that because the totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States . Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the ___MASK27___ Civil War ( 1946  49 ). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed , they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region . Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals , it was necessary to help both equally even though the threat to Greece was more immediate . Historian Eric Foner argues the Truman Doctrine " set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world , no matter how undemocratic , and for the creation of a set of global military alliances directed against the Soviet Union ." The 1972 Winter Olympics , officially known as the ( ___MASK66___ : Les " XIes Jeux olympiques d ' hiver "), were a winter multi - sport event which was held from February 3 to February 13 , 1972 , in Sapporo , Hokkaid , Japan . It was the first Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe and North America , and only the third game ( summer or winter ) held outside those regions over all , after Melbourne ( 1956 Summer Olympics ) and Tokyo ( 1964 Summer Olympics ). Japan (" Nippon " or " Nihon " ; formally "" or " Nihon - koku ", means " State of Japan ") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia . Located in the Pacific Ocean , It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland ( east of China , Korea , ___MASK81___ ) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest . , also known as Kij Yoshida , is a ___MASK78___ film director and screenwriter . The , commonly abbreviated as , is an early anthology of the " waka " form of ___MASK78___ poetry , dating from the Heian period . It is an Imperial anthology , conceived of by Emperor Uda ( r . 887  897 ) and published by order of his son Emperor Daigo ( r . 897  930 ), in about 905 . Its finished form dates to c . 920 , though according to several historical accounts the last poem was added to the collection in 914 . The compilers of the anthology were four court poets , led by Ki no Tsurayuki and also including Ki no Tomonori ( who died before its completion ), shikchi no Mitsune , and Mibu no Tadamine . , also known as " Ningy jruri ", is a form of traditional ___MASK78___ puppet theatre , founded in Osaka in the beginning of 17th century . Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance : the " Ningytsukai " or " Ningyzukai " ( puppeteers ), the " Tay " ( chanters ) and " shamisen " musicians . Occasionally other instruments such as taiko drums will be used . Career . Shinoda attended Waseda University , where he studied theater and also participated in the Hakone Ekiden long distance race . He joined the Shchiku Studio in 1953 as an assistant director , where he worked on films by such directors as Yasujir Ozu . He debuted as a director in 1960 with " One - Way Ticket for Love ", which he also scripted . His focus on youth and the cultural and political turmoil of 1960s Japan made him a central figure in the Shchiku New Wave alongside Nagisa shima and Yoshishige Yoshida . He worked in a variety of genres , from the yakuza film (" Pale Flower ") to the samurai film (" Assassination "), but he particularly became known for his focus on socially marginal characters and for an interest in traditional ___MASK78___ theater , which found its greatest expression in " Double Suicide ", in which actors are manipulated like Bunraku puppets . He also was interested in sports , directing a documentary on the 1972 Winter Olympics . Also known for his collaborations with such artists as Shji Terayama and Tru Takemitsu , Shinoda left Shchiku in 1965 to form his own production company , Hygensha . Biography . Terayama was born December 10 , 1935 , in Hirosaki , Aomori , the only son of Hachiro and Hatsu Terayama . His father died at the end of Pacific War in ___MASK47___ in September 1945 . When Terayama was nine , his mother moved to Kysh to work at an American military base , while he himself went to live with relatives in the city of Misawa , also in Aomori . Terayama lived through the Aomori air raids that killed more than 30 , 000 people . The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world , but under heavy political , economic and military influence or control from another country . The term was coined by analogy to planetary objects orbiting a larger object , such as smaller moons revolving around larger planets , and is used mainly to refer to Central and Eastern European countries of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War or to Mongolia between 1924 and 1990 , for example . As used for Central and Eastern European countries it implies that the countries in question were " satellites " under the hegemony of the Soviet Union . In some contexts it also refers to other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War  such as North Korea ( especially in the years surrounding the ___MASK52___ War of 1950  1953 ) and Cuba ( particularly after it joined the Comecon in 1972 ). In Western usage , the term has seldom been applied to states other than those in the Soviet orbit . In Soviet usage , the term applied to the states in the orbit of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy . In ___MASK78___ , they are usually referred to as or . According to translator William Scott Wilson : " In Chinese , the character  was originally a verb meaning " to wait upon " or " accompany persons " in the upper ranks of society , and this is also true of the original term in ___MASK78___ , saburau . In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean " those who serve in close attendance to the nobility ", the pronunciation in ___MASK78___ changing to saburai . According to Wilson , an early reference to the word " samurai " appears in the Kokin Wakash ( 905  914 ), the first imperial anthology of poems , completed in the first part of the 10th century . The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc ( the Soviet Union and its satellite states ) and powers in the Western Bloc ( the United States , its NATO allies and others ). Historians do not fully agree on the dates , but a common timeframe is the period ( the second half of the 20th century ) between 1947 , the year the Truman Doctrine ( a U . S . policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism ) was announced , and 1991 , the year the Soviet Union collapsed . The Western Bloc or Capitalist Bloc during the Cold War refers to the countries allied with the NATO against the Soviet Union and its allies . The latter were referred to as the " Eastern Bloc ", a more common term in ___MASK68___ than " Western Bloc ". The governments and press of the Western Bloc were more inclined to refer to themselves as the " Free World " or the " Western world ". " Western Europe " is a controversial term used to refer to democratic countries in Europe during the Cold War , but the concept is sometimes still used for quick reference by the media . William Scott Wilson ( born 1944 in Nashville , Tennessee ) is known for translating several works of ___MASK78___ literature , mostly those relating to the martial tradition of that country . He is recognized by The American Literary Translator ' s Association ( ALTA ) as " today  s foremost translator of classic Samurai texts ." Mr . Wilson is also described as the world ' s foremost expert on the warrior ' s philosophy of Bushido . He served as a Consular Specialist for the Consulate General of Japan in Seattle ( 1980 )-- Heading the trade section and advising the Consul on political and economic matters . , abbreviated as , is a large , private university with a main campus located in Shinjuku , Tokyo , Japan . First established in 1882 as the Tky Senmon Gakk or Tky College by kuma Shigenobu , the school was formally renamed as Waseda University in 1902 . The university consists of 13 undergraduate schools and 23 graduate schools . Waseda is one of the select group of universities assigned additional funding under the ___MASK78___ Ministry of Education , Culture , Sports , Science and Technology ' s " Global 30 " Project . Samurai Spy (  Ibun Sarutobi Sasuke ) , also known as Spy Hunter , is a 1965 film directed by Masahiro Shinoda , based on a novel by Koji Nakada . The legendary samurai Sasuke Sarutobi tracks the spy Nojiri , while a mysterious figure named Sakon leads a band of men on their own quest for the wily Nojiri . Soon no one knows just who is who and what side anyone is on . Made during the height of the cold war , the film follows the lives of spies caught up in the power struggles of their times .