country_of_citizenship muawiya ii
The ___MASK77___ ( trans . " Al - Khilfah al - umawiyya "), also spelled Omayyad , was the second of the four major ___MASK43___ caliphates established after the death of Muhammad . This caliphate was centred on the Umayyad dynasty (" al - Umawiyyn ", or , " Ban Umayya ", " Sons of Umayya "), hailing from Mecca . The ___MASK30___ had first come to power under the third caliph , Uthman ibn Affan ( r . 644  656 ), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan , long - time governor of Syria , after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in AD 661 / 41 AH . Syria remained the Umayyads ' main power base thereafter , and Damascus was their capital . The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests , incorporating the Caucasus , Transoxiana , Sindh , the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula ( Al - Andalus ) into the Muslim world . At its greatest extent , the ___MASK77___ covered and 62 million people ( 29 % of the world ' s population ), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world ' s population . Yazd ibn Mu  wiya ( 20 July 64711 November 683 ), commonly known as Yazid I , was the second Caliph of the ___MASK77___ ( and the first one through inheritance ). Yazid was the Caliph as appointed by his father Muawiyah I and ruled for three years from 680 CE until his death in 683 CE . Muawiya II or Muawiya ibn Yazid ( Arabic :     , translit . Mu `` wiyah ibn Yazd ; c . 664 -- 684 CE ) succeeded his father Yazid I as the third Umayyad caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid line . He ruled briefly in 683 / 684 ( 64 AH ) before he died . Muawiyah I ( 602  April 29 or May 1 , 680 ) established the Umayyad Dynasty of the caliphate , and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan , the first being Uthman ibn Affan . During the first and second caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar ( Umar ibn al - Khattab ), he fought with the Muslims against the Byzantines in ___MASK48___ .