occupation louise of lorraine
A ___MASK16___ is the wife of a reigning king ( or an empress consort in the case of an ___MASK31___ ). In Brunei , the wife of the Sultan is known as a " Raja Isteri " with prefix " Pengiran Anak ", equivalent with ___MASK16___ in English , as were the consorts of tsars when Bulgaria was still a monarchy . A ___MASK16___ usually shares her husband ' s social rank and status . She holds the feminine equivalent of the king ' s monarchical titles , but historically , she does not share the king ' s political and military powers . A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a ___MASK81___ , who ( usually ) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous ___MASK81___ . An ___MASK31___ ( through Old French " empereor " from ) is a ___MASK81___ , usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm . Empress , the female equivalent , may indicate an ___MASK31___ ' s wife (" empress consort "), mother (" empress dowager "), or a woman who rules in her own right (" empress regnant "). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings . In Europe the title of Emperor was , since the Middle Ages , considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope , due to the latter ' s position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe . The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning ___MASK81___ whose title is translated into English as " Emperor ". The House of Habsburg , also called House of Hapsburg , or House of Austria , was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe . The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740 . The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia , Kingdom of England (" Jure uxoris " ___MASK46___ ), Kingdom of France ( ___MASK16___ ), Kingdom of Germany , Kingdom of Hungary , Kingdom of Croatia , Second Mexican Empire , Kingdom of Ireland (" Jure uxoris " ___MASK46___ ), Kingdom of Portugal , and Habsburg Spain , as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities . From the sixteenth century , following the reign of Charles V , the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches . Although they ruled distinct territories , they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried . The Holy Roman ___MASK31___ ( historically "" " ___MASK31___ of the Romans ") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire . From an autocracy in Carolingian times the title evolved into an elected monarchy chosen by the Prince - electors . Until the Reformation the ___MASK31___ elect (" imperator electus ") was required to be crowned by the Pope before assuming the imperial title . Brunei , officially the Nation of Brunei , the Abode of Peace ( Jawi : ), is a ___MASK87___ state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia . Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea , the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak , Malaysia . It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang . Brunei is the only ___MASK87___ state completely on the island of Borneo ; the remainder of the island ' s territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia . Brunei ' s population was 408 , 786 in July 2012 . The War of the Austrian Succession ( 1740  1748 ) involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa ' s succession to the Habsburg Monarchy . The war included ___MASK46___ George ' s War in British America , the War of Jenkins ' Ear ( which formally began on 23 October 1739 ), the First Carnatic War in India , the Jacobite rising of 1745 in Scotland , and the First and Second Silesian Wars . Austria - Hungary , often referred to as the Austro - Hungarian Empire in English - language sources , was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire ( the Kingdoms and lands represented in the Imperial Council , or " Cisleithania ") and the Kingdom of Hungary ( Lands of the Crown of ___MASK82___ Stephen or " Transleithania ") that existed from 1867 to 1918 , when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I . The union was a result of the Austro - Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867 . Austria - Hungary consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ), and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia - Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian  Hungarian Settlement (" Nagodba ") in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co - equal . Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (; 13 May 1717  29 November 1780 ) was the only female ___MASK100___ of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the ___MASK87___ of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress . A fief was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty ( or " in fee ") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service , usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty . The fees were often lands or revenue - producing real property held in feudal land tenure : these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms . However , not only land but anything of value could be held in fee , including governmental office , rights of exploitation such as ___MASK36___ or fishing , monopolies in trade , and tax farms . A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone ' s name in certain contexts . It may signify either veneration , an ___MASK61___ position or a professional or academic qualification . In some languages , titles may be inserted before a last name ( for example , " Graf " in German , Cardinal in Catholic usage or clerical titles such as Archbishop ). Some titles are hereditary . ___MASK71___ (') is a noble title with several historical meanings . Originally , it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning " strength ", " authority ", " rulership ", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning " authority " or " power ". Later , it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms ( i . e ., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler ), albeit without claiming the overall caliphate , or to refer to a powerful ___MASK4___ of a province within the caliphate . The County of Bar , from 1354 the Duchy of Bar , was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire encompassing the " pays de Barrois " and centred on the city of Bar - le - Duc . Part of the county , the so - called " Barrois mouvant ", became a fief of the Kingdom of France in 1301 . The " Barrois non - mouvant " remained a part of the Empire . From 1480 , it was united to the imperial Duchy of Lorraine . Both imperial Bar and Lorraine were ceded to France in 1738 . With the death of the last ___MASK26___ , Stanislaus Leszczynski , in 1766 , the duchy escheated to the French crown . Louise of Lorraine ( French : Louise de Lorraine ) ( 30 April 1553 -- 29 January 1601 ) was a member of the House of Lorraine who became ___MASK16___ of France from 1575 until 1589 . Born in Nomeny in the Duchy of Bar , she was the daughter of Nicholas , ___MASK26___ of Mercœur , and Margaret of Egmont . The House of Lorraine originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz . It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death of ___MASK26___ Nicholas I without a male heir . By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa in 1736 , and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession , the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg , and was now known as Habsburg - Lorraine ( German : " Habsburg - Lothringen "). Francis , his sons Joseph II and Leopold II , and grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman Emperors from 1745 to the dissolution of the empire in 1806 . Habsburg - Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire , ruling the Austrian Empire and Austria - Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918 . A ___MASK92___ ( plural : queens regnant ) is a female ___MASK81___ , equivalent in rank to a king , who reigns in her own right , in contrast to a queen consort , who is the wife of a reigning king , or a queen regent , who is the guardian of a child ___MASK81___ reigning temporarily in their stead . An empress regnant is a female ___MASK81___ who reigns in her own right over an empire .