parent_taxon pegoscapus
Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States , is a federal republic in the southern half of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers ( over 760 , 000 sq mi ), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total ___MASK85___ and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish - speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León . Guatemala (, or ), officially the Republic of Guatemala , is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15 . 8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala ' s capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de ___MASK13___ Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . Uruguay , officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay , is a country in the southeastern region of South America . It borders ___MASK62___ to its west and Brazil to its north and east , with the Río de ___MASK13___ Plata ( River of Silver ) to the south and with the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast . Uruguay is home to an estimated 3 . 42 million people , of whom 1 . 8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city , Montevideo . With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second - smallest nation in South America , only larger in size than Suriname . Guadalajara is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco , and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara . The city is in the central region of Jalisco in the Western - Pacific ___MASK85___ of Mexico . With a population of 1 , 495 , 189 it is Mexico ' s fourth most populous municipality . The Guadalajara Metropolitan ___MASK85___ includes seven adjacent municipalities with a reported population of 4 , 328 , 584 in 2009 , making it the second most populous metropolitan ___MASK85___ in Mexico , behind Mexico City . The municipality is the second most densely populated in Mexico , the first being Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico . It is a strong business and economic center in the Bajio region . Toluca , officially called Toluca de Lerdo , is the state capital of State of Mexico as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca . It is the center of a rapidly growing urban ___MASK85___ , now the fifth largest in Mexico . It is located west - southwest of Mexico City , about 40 minutes by car to the western edge of the city . According to the 2010 census , the city of Toluca has a population of 819 , 561 . The city is the fifth largest in Mexico in population . The municipality of Toluca , along with thirteen other municipalities , make up the metropolitan population of 1 , 775 , 337 in Greater Toluca , making it the fifth most populous metropolitan ___MASK85___ in Mexico . The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent . It is bounded on the northeast , north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States , on the southwest and south by Mexico , and on the southeast by Cuba . The U . S . states of ___MASK49___ , Florida , Louisiana , Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north , which are often referred to as the " Third Coast " in comparison with the U . S . Atlantic and Pacific coasts , or sometimes the " south coast ", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the " north coast ." One of the gulf ' s seven main ___MASK82___ is the Gulf of Mexico basin . Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost ___MASK82___ of South America , south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn . Traditionally , it covers Argentina , Chile and Uruguay , bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean , and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans , which is the closest continental area of Antarctica ( 1000 km ). In terms of social and political geography , the Southern Cone comprises Argentina , Chile , Uruguay , Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay . Monterrey , is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León , in Mexico . The city is anchor to the third - largest metropolitan ___MASK85___ in Mexico and is ranked as the ninth - largest city in the nation . Monterrey serves as a commercial center in the north of the country and is the base of many significant international corporations . Bean is a common name for large seeds of several genera of the flowering ___MASK23___ family Fabaceae ( also known as Leguminosae ) which are used for human or animal food . The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total ___MASK85___ of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface ___MASK85___ . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". Florida ( Spanish for " land of flowers ") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the north by ___MASK49___ and Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba . Florida is the 22nd most extensive , the 3rd most populous , and the 8th most densely populated of the U . S . states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida ' s most populous urban area . The city of Tallahassee is the state capital . Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of ___MASK62___ . The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de ___MASK13___ Plata , on the South American continent ' s southeastern coast . " Buenos aires " can be translated as " fair winds " or " good airs ", but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century , by the use of the original name " Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre ". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation , which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts , constitutes the fourth - most populous metropolitan area in the Americas , with a population of around 17 million . Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in central South America , bordered by ___MASK62___ to the south and southwest , Brazil to the east and northeast , and Bolivia to the northwest . Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River , which runs through the center of the country from north to south . Due to its central location in South America , it is sometimes referred to as " Corazón de Sudamérica " (" Heart of South America "). Paraguay is one of the two landlocked countries ( the other is Bolivia ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . Paraguay is the smallest landlocked country in the Americas . The Miami metropolitan ___MASK85___ is the metropolitan ___MASK85___ including Miami and nearby communities . The U . S . Office of Management and Budget designates the ___MASK85___ as the Miami - Fort Lauderdale - West Palm Beach , FL Metropolitan Statistical ___MASK85___ , used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other entities . The metropolitan statistical ___MASK85___ comprises Miami - Dade , Broward , and Palm Beach counties  Florida ' s three most populous , together forming South Florida  with principal cities including Miami , Fort Lauderdale , Pompano Beach , West Palm Beach , and Boca Raton . A pollinator is an ___MASK24___ that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female ___MASK92___ of a flower . This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains . Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country located in western - central South America . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by ___MASK62___ , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One - third of the country is the Andean mountain range , with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers , El Alto , located on the Altiplano . Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries ( the other is Paraguay ) that lie outside Afro - Eurasia . Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Americas . Fig wasps are wasps of the superfamily ___MASK15___ which spend their larval stage inside figs . Most are pollinators but others are herbivores . The non - pollinators belong to several groups within the superfamily ___MASK15___ , while the pollinators are in the family ___MASK25___ . While pollinating fig wasps are gall - makers , the remaining types either make their own galls or usurp the galls of other fig wasps ; reports of them being parasitoids are considered dubious . A " metropolitan ___MASK85___ ", sometimes referred to as a " metro ___MASK85___ " or just " metro ", is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less - populated surrounding territories , sharing industry , infrastructure , and housing . A metro ___MASK85___ usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities : neighborhoods , townships , boroughs , cities , towns , exurbs , suburbs , counties , districts , states , and even nations like the eurodistricts . As social , economic and political institutions have changed , metropolitan ___MASK82___ have become key economic and political regions . Metropolitan ___MASK82___ include one or more urban ___MASK82___ , as well as satellite cities , towns and intervening rural ___MASK82___ that are socio - economically tied to the urban core , typically measured by commuting patterns . A larva ( plural " larvae " ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults . Animals with indirect development such as ___MASK47___ , amphibians , or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle . The family ___MASK25___ is a group of pollinating and nonpollinating fig wasps . They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs . The pollinating wasps ( Agaoninae , Kradibiinae , and Tetrapusiinae ) are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees . The nonpollinating fig wasps are parasitic . Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both ___MASK85___ and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land ___MASK85___ . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Cuba , officially the Republic of Cuba , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de ___MASK13___ Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , the Gulf of Mexico , and the Atlantic Ocean meet . It is south of both the U . S . state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti , and north of Jamaica . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean , with an area of , and the second - most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . A wasp is any insect of the order ___MASK6___ and suborder ___MASK75___ that is neither a bee nor an ant . The ___MASK75___ have a common evolutionary ancestor and form a clade ; wasps as a group do not form a clade , but are paraphyletic with respect to bees and ants . Galls or cecidia are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants or animals . ___MASK23___ galls are abnormal outgrowths of ___MASK23___ tissues , similar to benign tumors or warts in animals . They can be caused by various parasites , from ___MASK50___ and bacteria , to insects and mites . ___MASK23___ galls are often highly organized structures and because of this the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified . This applies particularly to some insect and mite ___MASK23___ galls . The study of ___MASK23___ galls is known as cecidology . A herbivore is an ___MASK24___ anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating ___MASK23___ material , for example foliage , for the main component of its diet . As a result of their ___MASK23___ diet , herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding . Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass , tree bark , and other tough ___MASK23___ material . ___MASK62___ , officially the Argentine Republic , is a federal republic in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of , ___MASK62___ is the eighth - largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish - speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty - three provinces ( singular " provincia ") and one autonomous city (" ciudad autónoma "), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Pegoscapus is a genus of fig wasp native to the Americas . They range from Florida and Mexico in the north to ___MASK62___ in the south . Fig wasps have an obligate mutualism with the fig species they pollinate . Pegoscapus pollinates species in section Americana of the subgenus Urostigma . The genus is estimated to be 28 million years old using cytochrome oxidase nucleotide sequences , and more than 20 million years old based on a fossil in amber from the Dominican Republic . ___MASK49___ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . ___MASK49___ is the 30th - most extensive and the 24th - most populous of the U . S . states . At nearly , ___MASK49___ has one of the nation ' s longest navigable inland waterways . Chile , officially the Republic of Chile , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , ___MASK62___ to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty .