located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity mount worsley
A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body ___MASK55___ dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight ; it forms where the accumulation ___MASK55___ snow exceeds its ablation ( melting and sublimation ) over many years , often centuries . Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight , creating crevasses , seracs , and other distinguishing features . They also abrade ___MASK88___ and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines . Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface ___MASK55___ bodies ___MASK55___ water . The ___MASK63___ are an archipelago in the South ___MASK65___ on the Patagonian Shelf . The principal islands are about ___MASK5___ of South America ' s southern Patagonian coast , at a latitude of about 52 ° S . The archipelago , with an area of , comprises ___MASK5___ Falkland , West Falkland and 776 smaller islands . As a ___MASK96___ , the Falklands have internal self - governance , and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs . The islands ' capital is Stanley on ___MASK5___ Falkland . A ___MASK94___ range ( also ___MASK94___ barrier , belt , or system ) is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains . A ___MASK94___ system or system ___MASK55___ ___MASK94___ ranges , sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically ( regionally ) related . On Earth , ___MASK36___ significant ___MASK94___ ranges are the result ___MASK55___ plate tectonics , though ___MASK94___ ranges are formed by a range ___MASK55___ processes , are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature ___MASK55___ ___MASK36___ terrestrial planets . ___MASK51___ ( Ulster - Scots : ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its ___MASK5___ by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George ' s Channel . ___MASK51___ is the second - largest island of the ___MASK90___ , the third - largest in Europe , and the twentieth - largest on Earth . ___MASK16___ , officially the Federative Republic of ___MASK16___ , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world ' s fifth - largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , ___MASK16___ has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47 . 3 % of the continent ' s land area . Its Amazon ___MASK58___ basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes ___MASK16___ one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Briggs Glacier is a glacier between Mount Worsley and The Trident in ___MASK71___ ___MASK37___ Georgia , flowing ___MASK33___ into Murray Snowfield . It was charted as a glacier flowing into the head of Possession Bay in 1929 by Lieutenant Commander John M . Chaplin , Royal Navy ( 1888  1977 ). Chaplin was survey officer aboard RRS " Discovery " during the Discovery Oceanographic Expedition of 1925  1927 , and was later in charge of a hydrographic survey party in ___MASK37___ Georgia , 1928  30 . Captain Robert Falcon ___MASK8___ , ( 6 June 1868  29 March 1912 ) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions : the Discovery Expedition , 1901  1904 , and the ill - fated Terra Nova Expedition , 1910  1913 . On the first expedition , he set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82 ° S and discovered the Polar Plateau , on which the ___MASK37___ Pole is located . During the second venture , ___MASK8___ led a party ___MASK55___ five which reached the ___MASK37___ Pole on 17 January 1912 , four weeks after Roald Amundsen ' s Norwegian expedition . On their return journey , ___MASK8___ ' s party discovered plant fossils , proving Antarctica was once forested and joined to other continents . A planned meeting with supporting dog teams from the base camp failed , despite ___MASK8___ ' s written instructions , and at a distance ___MASK55___ 150 miles from their base camp and 11 miles from the next depot , ___MASK8___ and his companions perished . Possession Bay is a bay wide which recedes ___MASK43___ for , entered southeast of Black Head on the north coast of South Georgia , an island in the southern Atlantic Ocean . The British National Antarctic Expedition , 1901  04 , generally known as the " Discovery " Expedition , was the first official British exploration ___MASK55___ the Antarctic regions since James ___MASK74___ Ross ' s voyage sixty years earlier . Organized on a large scale under a joint committee ___MASK55___ the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society ( RGS ), the new expedition aimed to carry out scientific research and geographical exploration in what was then largely an untouched continent . It launched the Antarctic careers ___MASK55___ many who would become leading figures in the Heroic Age ___MASK55___ Antarctic Exploration , including Robert Falcon Scott who led the expedition , Ernest Shackleton , Edward Wilson , Frank Wild , Tom Crean and William Lashly . Lieutenant commander ( also hyphenated lieutenant - commander and abbreviated Lt Cdr , LtCdr . or LCDR ) is a commissioned officer rank in many navies . The rank is ___MASK21___ to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander . The corresponding rank in ___MASK36___ armies ( armed services ) and air forces is " major ", and in the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces is " squadron leader ". In geography , latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the ___MASK77___  south position ___MASK55___ a point on the Earth ' s surface . Latitude is an angle ( defined below ) which ranges from 0 ° at the Equator to 90 ° ( North or South ) at the poles . Lines ___MASK55___ constant latitude , or parallels , run ___MASK5___  west as circles parallel to the equator . Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location ___MASK55___ features on the surface ___MASK55___ the Earth . Approximations employed . Two levels ___MASK55___ abstraction are employed in the definition ___MASK55___ these coordinates . In the first step the physical surface is modelled by the geoid , a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses . The second step is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface . The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere , but the geoid is more accurately modelled by an ellipsoid . The definitions ___MASK55___ latitude and longitude on such reference surfaces are detailed in the following sections . Lines ___MASK55___ constant latitude and longitude together constitute a graticule on the reference surface . The latitude ___MASK55___ a point on the " actual " surface is that ___MASK55___ the corresponding point on the reference surface , the correspondence being along the normal to the reference surface which passes through the point on the physical surface . Latitude and longitude together with some specification ___MASK55___ height constitute a geographic coordinate system as defined in the specification ___MASK55___ the ISO 19111 standard . The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part ___MASK55___ the ___MASK6___ ___MASK55___ Antarctica , located at the base ___MASK55___ the Southern Hemisphere . At the surface , it is the biggest , most prominent peninsula in Antarctica as it extends from a line between Cape Adams ( Weddell Sea ) and a point on the ___MASK6___ south ___MASK55___ Eklund Islands . Beneath the ice sheet which covers it , the Antarctic Peninsula consists ___MASK55___ a string ___MASK55___ bedrock islands ; these are separated by deep channels whose bottoms lie at depths considerably below current sea level . They are joined together by a grounded ice sheet . Tierra del Fuego , the southernmost tip ___MASK55___ South America , lies only about away across the Drake Passage . Elephant seals are large , oceangoing earless seals in the genus " Mirounga ". The two species , the ___MASK83___ elephant seal (" M . angustirostris ") and the southern elephant seal (" M . leonina "), were both hunted to the brink of extinction by the end of the 19th century , but the numbers have since recovered . Elephant Island is an ice - covered mountainous island off the coast ___MASK55___ Antarctica in the outer reaches ___MASK55___ the South ___MASK54___ Islands , in the Southern Ocean . Its name was given by early explorers sighting elephant seals on its shores . The island is situated north - northeast ___MASK55___ the tip ___MASK55___ the Antarctic Peninsula , westsouthwest ___MASK55___ South Georgia , south ___MASK55___ the Falkland Islands , and southeast ___MASK55___ Cape Horn . It is within the Antarctic claims ___MASK55___ ___MASK72___ , Chile and the UK . Brazil has two shelters on the island , Goeldi and Wiltgen , supporting the work ___MASK55___ up to six researchers each during the summer . ___MASK79___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK79___ , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the ___MASK5___ and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders ___MASK12___ to the north , ___MASK76___ to the northeast , Argentina to the ___MASK5___ , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . ___MASK79___ also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty . The ___MASK37___ ___MASK54___ Islands are a group of Antarctic islands , lying about north of the Antarctic Peninsula , with a total area of . By the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 , the islands ' sovereignty is neither recognized nor disputed by the signatories and they are free for use by any signatory for non - military purposes . A ___MASK94___ is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form ___MASK55___ a peak . A ___MASK94___ is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface ___MASK55___ the earth . Mountains erode slowly through the action ___MASK55___ rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but ___MASK36___ occur in huge ___MASK94___ ranges . Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton ( 15 February 1874  5 January 1922 ) was a polar explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic , and one ___MASK55___ the principal figures ___MASK55___ the period known as the Heroic Age ___MASK55___ Antarctic Exploration . Born in ___MASK81___ , Athy , ___MASK10___ , Ireland , Shackleton and his Anglo - Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London when he was ten . His first experience ___MASK55___ the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott ' s Discovery Expedition 1901  1904 , from which he was sent home early on health grounds , after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82 ° S . ___MASK70___ is a market town at the meeting ___MASK55___ the ___MASK58___ Barrow and the Grand Canal in south - west County Kildare , Ireland , 72 kilometres southwest ___MASK55___ Dublin . A ___MASK58___ is a natural flowing watercourse , usually freshwater , flowing towards an ocean , sea , lake or another ___MASK58___ . In some cases a ___MASK58___ flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water . Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream , creek , brook , rivulet , and rill . There are no official definitions for the generic term ___MASK58___ as applied to geographic features , although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size . Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location ; examples are " run " in some parts of the United States , " burn " in Scotland and northeast England , and " beck " in northern England . Sometimes a ___MASK58___ is defined as being larger than a creek , but not always : the language is vague . ___MASK10___ is a county in Ireland . It is located in the province of Leinster and is part of the Mid - East Region . It is named after the town of Kildare . Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county which has a population of 222 , 130 . The Antarctic ( US English , UK English or and or ) is a polar region , specifically the region around the ___MASK61___ ' s South Pole , opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole . The Antarctic comprises in the strict sense the continent ___MASK55___ Antarctica and the island territories located on the Antarctic Plate . In a broader sense the Antarctic region include the ice shelves , waters , and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south ___MASK55___ the Antarctic Convergence , a zone approximately wide varying in latitude seasonally . The region covers some 20 % ___MASK55___ the Southern Hemisphere , ___MASK55___ which 5 . 5 % ( 14 million km ) is the surface area ___MASK55___ the Antarctic continent itself . All ___MASK55___ the land and ice shelves south ___MASK55___ 60 ° S latitude are administrated under the Antarctic Treaty System . In a biogeographic sense , the Antarctic ecozone is one ___MASK55___ eight ecozones ___MASK55___ the ___MASK61___ ' s land surface . The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the ___MASK20___ ' s ___MASK34___ warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom ___MASK55___ ___MASK64___ . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest ___MASK55___ the UK ' s armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . The Southern Ocean , also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean , comprises the southernmost waters ___MASK55___ the World Ocean , generally taken to be south ___MASK55___ 60 ° S latitude and encircling Antarctica . As such , it is regarded as the fourth - largest ___MASK55___ the five principal oceanic divisions : smaller than the Pacific , Atlantic , and ___MASK40___ Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean . This ocean zone is where cold , northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters . Volcanism is the phenomenon ___MASK55___ eruption ___MASK55___ molten ___MASK88___ ( magma ) onto the surface ___MASK55___ the Earth or a solid - surface planet or moon , where lava , pyroclastics and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent . It includes all phenomena resulting from and causing magma within the crust or mantle ___MASK55___ the body , to rise through the crust and form volcanic rocks on the surface . ___MASK81___ ( meaning " church of Cathac "), ( pop 92 ) is a village in ___MASK10___ , Ireland , about from Dublin , and from the town of Carlow . The R418 regional road from Athy to Tullow passes through the village . ___MASK75___ ( US English , UK English or ) is ___MASK61___ ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region ___MASK55___ the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south ___MASK55___ the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , ___MASK75___ is nearly twice the size ___MASK55___ ___MASK39___ . About 98 % ___MASK55___ ___MASK75___ is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches ___MASK55___ the Antarctic Peninsula . The Heroic Age ___MASK55___ Antarctic Exploration was an era beginning at the end ___MASK55___ the 19th century and closing with Shackleton ' s Imperial Trans - Antarctic Expedition , the survivors stepping ashore in Wellington , New Zealand February 9 , 1917 . Historian Aant Elzinga gives the much later ___MASK46___ ___MASK55___ 1945 , considering World War II to be the turning point in Antarctic research . During this period the Antarctic continent became the focus ___MASK55___ an international effort that resulted in intensive scientific and geographical exploration and in which 17 major Antarctic expeditions were launched from ten countries . The common factor in these expeditions was the limited nature ___MASK55___ the resources available to them before advances in transport and communication technologies revolutionized the work ___MASK55___ exploration . This meant that each expedition became a feat ___MASK55___ endurance that tested , and sometimes exceeded its personnel ' s physical and mental limits . The " heroic " label , bestowed later , recognized the adversities which had to be overcome by these pioneers , some ___MASK55___ whom did not survive the experience ; during this period 19 expedition members died . Sydenham is a suburban ___MASK38___ ___MASK55___ south - ___MASK5___ ___MASK59___ in the ___MASK59___ Boroughs ___MASK55___ Lewisham , Bromley and Southwark . Located in ___MASK19___ until 1889 , when the County ___MASK55___ ___MASK59___ was created , Sydenham was historically a very affluent town and the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated to Sydenham Hill in 1854 . Bordering Forest Hill , Dulwich , Crystal Palace , Penge , Beckenham , Catford and Bellingham ; Sydenham today is a diverse area with a 2011 population ___MASK55___ 28 , 378 . A landform is a natural feature ___MASK55___ the solid surface ___MASK55___ the Earth or other planetary body . Landforms together make up a given terrain , and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography . Typical landforms include hills , mountains , plateaus , canyons , valleys , as well as shoreline features such as bays , peninsulas , and seas , including submerged features such as mid - ocean ridges , volcanoes , and the great ocean basins . ___MASK42___ Haakon Bay , or ___MASK42___ Haakon Sound , is an inlet on the southern coast of the island of South Georgia . The inlet is approximately long and wide . The Trident is Poseidon ' s ( Angel Gabriel Garcia ' s ) ridge surmounted by three peaks , the highest 1 , 335 m , standing at the ___MASK5___ side of Briggs Glacier in South Georgia , ___MASK92___ . The name is descriptive of the three peaks and was given by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place - Names Committee ( UK - APC ) following survey by the SGS in the period 1951 - 57 . Mount Worsley ( 54 ° 11  S 37 ° 9  W ) is a ___MASK94___ , 1 , 105 m , on the ___MASK53___ side of Briggs Glacier in South Georgia . It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in the period 1951 - 57 , and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place - Names Committee ( UK - APC ) for Frank Arthur Worsley ( 1872 -- 1943 ) , skipper of the Endurance on 1914 - 16 Imperial Trans - Antarctic Expedition . Worsley accompanied Ernest Shackleton in the James Caird from Elephant Island to ___MASK42___ Haakon Bay , South Georgia , and made the overland crossing with him to Stromness whaling station . This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document `` Mount Worsley '' ( content from the Geographic Names Information System ) . Cape Horn ( Dutch : ), named after the city ___MASK55___ Hoorn in the Netherlands , is the southernmost headland ___MASK55___ the Tierra del Fuego archipelago ___MASK55___ southern ___MASK79___ , and is located on the small Hornos Island . Although not the ___MASK36___ southerly point ___MASK55___ South America ( which are the Diego Ramírez Islands ), Cape Horn marks the northern boundary ___MASK55___ the Drake Passage and marks where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans collide . For decades it was a major milestone on the clipper route , by which sailing ships carried trade around the world . The waters around Cape Horn are particularly hazardous , owing to strong winds , large waves , strong currents and icebergs ; these dangers have made it notorious as a sailors ' graveyard .