basic_form_of_government kingdom of serbia
The ___MASK72___ of Serbia was a semi - independent state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution which lasted between 1804 and 1817 . Its creation was negotiated first through an " unwritten " agreement between Miloš Obrenovi , leader of the Second Serbian Uprising and Ottoman official Marashli Pasha . It was followed by the series of legal documents published by the Porte in 1828 , 1829 and finally , 1830  the Hatt - i Sharif . Its " de facto " independence ensued in 1867 , following the expulsion of all Ottoman troops from the country ; Treaty of Berlin ( 1878 ) recognized its independence internationally . By 1882 the country was elevated to Kingdom of Serbia . Bulgaria ( tr . '), officially the ___MASK4___ of Bulgaria ( tr . '), is a country in southeastern Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe ' s 16th - largest country . Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman ___MASK68___ bounded north and east by the Danube , coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy , and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia . Pannonia was located over the territory of the present - day western Hungary , eastern Austria , northern Croatia , north - western Serbia , northern Slovenia , western Slovakia and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina . Kosovo is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeast Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the ___MASK4___ of Kosovo . Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula . Its capital and largest city is Pristina . It is bordered by the ___MASK4___ of Macedonia and Albania to the south , Montenegro to the west , and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east . While Serbia recognises administration of the territory by Kosovo ' s elected government , it still continues to claim it as its own Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija . The Treaty of Berlin was the final act of the Congress of Berlin ( 13 June  13 July 1878 ), by which the United Kingdom , Austria - Hungary , France , Germany , Italy , Russia and the Ottoman ___MASK68___ under Sultan Abdul Hamid II revised the Treaty of San Stefano signed on 3 March the same year . The most important task of the Congress was to decide the fate of the ___MASK72___ of Bulgaria established in the Treaty of San Stefano , even though Bulgaria itself was excluded from participation in the talks at Russian insistence . At the time , being non - existent on the world map , Bulgaria was not a subject of international law , neither were the Bulgarians themselves . This exclusion was already an established fact in the Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers , held one year before without any Bulgarian participation . The most notable result of the conference is the " de jure " recognition of " de facto " independent states of Romania , Serbia and Montenegro . Croatia , officially the ___MASK4___ of Croatia , is a sovereign state between Central Europe , Southeast Europe , and the Mediterranean . Its capital city is Zagreb , which forms one of the country ' s primary subdivisions , along with its twenty counties . Croatia covers and has diverse , mostly continental and Mediterranean climates . Croatia ' s Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands . The country ' s population is 4 . 28 million , most of whom are Croats , with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism . Albania (; ), officially the ___MASK4___ of Albania , is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe . It has a population of 3 . 03 million as of 2016 . Tirana is the nation ' s capital and largest city , followed by Durrës and Vlorë . Albania is located in the south - western part of the Balkan peninsula , bordered by Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo to the northeast , the ___MASK4___ of Macedonia to the east , and Greece to the south and southeast . The country has a coastline on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea , the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest where the Albanian Riviera begins . Albania is less than from Italy , across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea . Serbia , officially the ___MASK4___ of Serbia , is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe , covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans . Relative to its small territory , it is a diverse country distinguished by a " transitional " character , situated along cultural , geographic , climatic and other boundaries . Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north ; Romania and Bulgaria to the east ; Macedonia to the south ; and Croatia , Bosnia - Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southwest ; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo . Serbia numbers around 7 million residents , and its capital , Belgrade , ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe . The Second Serbian Uprising ( 1815  1817 ) was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman ___MASK68___ , which erupted shortly after the re - annexation of the country to the Ottoman ___MASK68___ , in 1813 . The occupation was enforced following the defeat of the First Serbian Uprising ( 1804  1813 ), during which Serbia existed as a " de facto " independent state for over a decade . The second revolution ultimately resulted in Serbian semi - independence from the Ottoman ___MASK68___ . The ___MASK72___ of Serbia was established , governed by its own parliament , constitution and royal dynasty . " De jure " independence followed during the second half of the 19th century . The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian :   / Kraljevina Srbija ) , often rendered Servia in English at the time of its existence , was created when Prince Milan Obrenovi , ruler of the ___MASK72___ of Serbia , was crowned king in 1882 . The ___MASK72___ of Serbia was ruled by the Obrenovi dynasty from 1817 onwards ( at times replaced by the Karaorevi dynasty ) . The ___MASK72___ , suzerain to the Porte , had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867 , de facto securing its independence . The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the ___MASK72___ of Serbia . Between 1912 - 1918 the country has enlarged its territory through its engagement in the Balkan wars ( First and Second Balkan War - Sandžak - Raška , Kosovo ) and as outcome of World War One , when it united with Vojvodina and southeastern parts of Serbia . Towards the end of 1918 , Serbia joined with the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( later known as Yugoslavia ) under the rule of the Karaorevi dynasty . Hungary is a unitary ___MASK36___ in Central Europe . It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium - sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world . Hungary ' s capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as an Alpha - global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Gyr . The Serbian Revolution was the national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835 , during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a rebel territory , a ___MASK25___ and a modern Serbia . The first part of the period , from 1804 to 1815 , was marked by a violent struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire with two armed uprisings taking place , ending with a ceasefire . The later period ( 1815  1835 ) witnessed a peaceful consolidation of political power of the increasingly autonomous Serbia , culminating in the recognition of the right to hereditary rule by Serbian princes in 1830 and 1833 and the territorial expansion of the young monarchy . The adoption of the first written Constitution in 1835 abolished feudalism and serfdom , and made the country suzerain . The term " Serbian Revolution " was coined by a German academic historiographer , Leopold von Ranke , in his book " Die Serbische Revolution ", published in 1829 . These events marked the foundation of modern Serbia . Miloš Obrenovi ( 18 March 1780  26 September 1860 ) was Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839 , and again from 1858 to 1860 . He participated in the First Serbian Uprising , led Serbs in the Second Serbian Uprising , and founded the House of Obrenovi . Under his rule , Serbia became an autonomous ___MASK72___ within the Ottoman ___MASK68___ . Prince Miloš ruled autocratically , permanently refusing to share power . During his rule , he was the richest man in Serbia and one of the richest in the Balkans .