place_of_death christina of denmark
___MASK32___ ( US English , UK English or ) is Earth ' s southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern ___MASK29___ . At , it is the fifth - largest continent . For comparison , ___MASK32___ is nearly twice the size of ___MASK40___ . About 98 % of ___MASK32___ is covered by ice that averages in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . The Province of ___MASK37___ ( Italian : " Provincia di ___MASK37___ ") is an Italian province , with a population of some 430 , 000 , which forms the southeastern part of the region of Piedmont . The provincial capital is the city of ___MASK37___ . Svalbard ( formerly known by its Dutch name ___MASK22___ ) is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean . Situated north of mainland Europe , it is about midway between continental Norway and the North Pole . The islands of the group range from 74 ° to 81 ° north latitude , and from 10 ° to 35 ° east longitude . The largest island is ___MASK22___ , followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya . Jämtland ( Norwegian : " Jemtland "; Latin : " Iemptia ") or Jamtland is a historical province (" landskap ") in the center of ___MASK52___ in northern Europe . It borders to Härjedalen and Medelpad in the south , Ångermanland in the east , Lapland in the north and Trøndelag and ___MASK90___ in the west . Jämtland covers an area of 34 , 009 square kilometres , 8 . 3 % of ___MASK52___ ' s total area and is the second largest province in ___MASK52___ . It has a population of 112 , 717 , the majority of whom live in " Storsjöbygden ", the area surrounding lake Storsjön . ___MASK10___ is Jämtland ' s only city and is the 24th most populous city in ___MASK52___ . The Scrivia , long , is a right tributary of the Po River , in northern ___MASK95___ . It runs through Liguria , ___MASK53___ , and Lombardy . Peter I Island is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Bellingshausen ___MASK59___ , from Antarctica . It is claimed as a dependency of Norway , and along with Queen Maud Land and Bouvet Island comprises one of the three Norwegian dependent territories in the Antarctic and Subantarctic . Peter I Island is long and , slightly larger than ___MASK31___ . The tallest peak is the ultra and tall Lars Christensen Peak . Nearly all of the island is covered by a glacier and it is surrounded most of the year by pack ice , making it inaccessible almost all year round . There is little life on the island apart from seabirds and seals . A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country ' s national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ), to partial and restricted (" constitutional " monarchy ), to completely autocratic (" absolute " monarchy ). Traditionally and in ___MASK3___ cases , the monarch ' s post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , and other factors . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch ' s reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the ___MASK3___ common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of ___MASK82___ , Japan , and Malaysia " reign , but do not rule " although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and ___MASK88___ appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition . An island or ___MASK7___ is any piece of sub - continental land that is surrounded by water . Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets , skerries , cays or keys . An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait , and a small island off the coast may be called a ___MASK30___ . A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago , e . g . the ___MASK28___ . ___MASK90___ (; Norwegian : ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom of ___MASK90___ , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The ___MASK74___ Peter I Island and the sub - ___MASK74___ Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . ___MASK90___ also lays claim to a section of ___MASK32___ known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the ___MASK49___ ( since 1035 ), Greenland ( 1261 ), and Iceland ( 1262 ). It also included ___MASK42___ and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . Härjedalen is a historical province or " landskap " in the centre of ___MASK52___ . It borders the country of ___MASK90___ as well as the provinces of ___MASK41___ , Hälsingland , Medelpad , and Jämtland . The province originally belonged to ___MASK90___ , but was ceded to ___MASK52___ in the Treaty of Brömsebro , 1645 . The Scandinavian Peninsula (; " Skandinavsky poluostrov ") is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of ___MASK52___ , the mainland of ___MASK90___ ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering ___MASK69___ ), the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the ___MASK19___ of ___MASK69___ . Jan Mayen is a volcanic island in the ___MASK24___ and a part of ___MASK90___ . It is long ( southwest - northeast ) and in area , partly covered by glaciers ( an area of around the Beerenberg volcano ). It has two parts : larger northeast ___MASK62___ - Jan and smaller Sør - Jan , linked by a wide isthmus . It lies northeast of ___MASK58___ ( 495 km ( 305 mi ) NE of Kolbeinsey ), east of central Greenland and west of the North Cape , ___MASK90___ . The island is mountainous , the highest summit being the Beerenberg volcano in the north . The isthmus is the location of the two largest lakes of the island , Sørlaguna ( South Lagoon ), and Nordlaguna ( North Lagoon ). A third lake is called Ullerenglaguna ( Ullereng Lagoon ). Jan Mayen was formed by the Jan Mayen hotspot . Bouvet Island ( Norwegian : Bouvetøya , previously spelled Bouvet - øya ) is an uninhabited subantarctic high island and dependency of ___MASK90___ located in the South ___MASK78___ at . It lies at the southern end of the Mid - Atlantic Ridge and is the ___MASK3___ remote island in the world , approximately south - southwest of the coast of South Africa and approximately north of the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land , Antarctica . ___MASK61___ , also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula , is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of ___MASK85___ and the northern portion of Germany . The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri , respectively . ___MASK61___ ' s terrain is relatively flat , with open lands , heaths , plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east . Queen Maud Land is a c . 2 . 7 million - square - kilometre ( 1 million sq mi ) region of ___MASK32___ claimed as a dependent territory by Norway . The territory lies between 20 ° west and 45 ° east , between the British Antarctic Territory to the west and the Australian Antarctic Territory to the east . On ___MASK3___ maps there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land ' s borders of 1939 and the South Pole until June 12 , 2015 when Norway formally annexed that area . Positioned in East ___MASK32___ , the territory comprises about one - fifth of the total area of ___MASK32___ . The claim is named after the Norwegian queen Maud of ___MASK84___ ( 1869  1938 ). ___MASK96___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK96___ , is a sovereign state in Northern Europe . A peninsula with the ___MASK81___ to the south and the ___MASK17___ to the west , the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest , Norway to the north , and Russia to the east . Estonia is south of the country across the ___MASK81___ . ___MASK96___ is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia , which also includes Scandinavia . ___MASK96___ ' s population is 5 . 5 million ( 2014 ), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades . The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region . In terms of area , it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . ___MASK52___ , officially the Kingdom of ___MASK52___ ( Swedish : ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders ___MASK90___ to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to ___MASK85___ in the southwest by a bridge - tunnel across the Öresund . At , ___MASK52___ is the third - largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10 . 0 million . ___MASK52___ consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country . Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the ___MASK24___ to the north , the ___MASK78___ to the west , and the Mediterranean ___MASK59___ to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from ___MASK73___ by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . Nynorsk , literally New Norwegian or New Norse , is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language , the other being Bokmål . From 1885 , when the parliament declared them official and equal , until new voting in 1929 , their names were Landsmål and Riksmål . The Landsmål language standard was constructed by the Norwegian linguist Ivar Aasen during the mid - 19th century , to provide a Norwegian - based alternative to Danish , which was commonly written , and to some extent spoken , in ___MASK90___ at the time . The official standard of Nynorsk has since been significantly altered . A minor purist fraction of the Nynorsk populace has stayed firm with the Aasen norm , which is known as Høgnorsk ( analogous to High German ). The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the ___MASK80___ , where they are ___MASK3___ commonly known as ___MASK97___ ( lit ., " The North "). They consist of Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway , and Sweden , including their associated territories ( Greenland , the Faroe Islands , and the Åland Islands ). The ___MASK49___ ( Irish : " Na Scigirí ") are an archipelago between the Norwegian ___MASK59___ and the North Atlantic approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland , north - northwest of mainland Scotland . The area is approximately with a 2016 population of 49 , 188 . The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark . ___MASK77___ , with an area of , is the third - largest island of ___MASK85___ , after Zealand and Vendsyssel - Thy . It is the 165th - largest island in the world . It is in the central part of the country and has a population of 466 , 284 ( 2013 ). The main city is Odense which is connected to the ___MASK59___ by a seldom - used canal . The city ' s shipyard , Odense Steel Shipyard , has been relocated outside Odense proper . ___MASK85___ is a Scandinavian country in Europe . The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries , it is south - west of Sweden and south of Norway , and bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of ___MASK85___ is the sovereign state that comprises ___MASK85___ proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . ___MASK85___ has a total area of , and a population of 5 . 7 million . The country consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . ___MASK71___ is a Swedish province in ___MASK94___ , on the northernmost part of the country ' s west coast . It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast , ___MASK63___ to the southeast , the Skagerrak arm of the North ___MASK59___ to the west , and the county of Østfold , in Norway , to the north . ___MASK75___ is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , ___MASK75___ has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and ___MASK85___ , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . ___MASK42___ , also called the ___MASK42___ Islands , is a subarctic archipelago that lies northeast of the island of Great Britain and forms part of ___MASK55___ , United Kingdom . Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe . Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term , geographically , Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north ; which includes ( from west to east ) ___MASK3___ or all of : Iceland , the Republic of Ireland , the Isle of Man , the United Kingdom , the Faroe Islands , the Netherlands , northern Germany , ___MASK85___ , Norway , Sweden , northern Poland , Finland , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania and northwest Russia . However , narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors , such as climate and ecology . Greenland , geographically a part of North America , is politically a part of the Kingdom of ___MASK85___ , and may be included depending on the definition . The European ___MASK47___ ( ___MASK35___ ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The ___MASK35___ has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . ___MASK35___ policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 ___MASK35___ member states which use the euro currency . The ( plural : "") is a basic administrative division in ___MASK95___ , roughly equivalent to a township or municipality . ___MASK98___ , officially the Federal Republic of ___MASK98___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , ___MASK98___ is the ___MASK3___ populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second ___MASK3___ popular immigration destination in the world . ___MASK98___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include ___MASK34___ , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . Orkney , also known as the ___MASK1___ , is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of ___MASK55___ , situated off the north coast of Great Britain . Orkney is 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) north of the coast of Caithness and comprises approximately 70 islands , of which 20 are inhabited . The largest island Mainland is often referred to as " the Mainland ". It has an area of , making it the sixth - largest Scottish island and the tenth - largest island in the British Isles . The largest settlement and administrative centre is ___MASK68___ . ___MASK6___ (" ___MASK6___ ( e )" is French for kite ) is a European anti - tank guided missile . Design of the ___MASK6___ started in 1962 , it was ready for trials in 1971 , and was accepted for service in 1972 . It is a wire guided SACLOS ( semi - automatic command to line - of - sight ) missile , which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the target to guide the missile . The ___MASK6___ can be equipped with a MIRA or MILIS thermal sight to give it night - firing ability . An archipelago , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection of islands . The word " archipelago " is derived from the Greek "  -  arkhi -" (" chief ") and "   pélagos " (" ___MASK59___ ") through the Italian " arcipelago ". In Italian , possibly following a tradition of antiquity , the Archipelago ( from medieval Greek "*  " and Latin " archipelagus ") was the proper name for the ___MASK93___ and , later , usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the ___MASK59___ is remarkable for its large number of islands ). It is now used to refer to any island group or , sometimes , to a ___MASK59___ containing a small number of scattered islands . Bokmål ( literally " book tongue ") is an official written standard for the Norwegian language , alongside Nynorsk . Bokmål is the preferred written standard of Norwegian for 85 % to 90 % of the population in ___MASK90___ , and is ___MASK3___ used by people who speak Standard Østnorsk . ___MASK33___ is the largest ( 7 , 031 km ) and ___MASK3___ populated island in ___MASK85___ with a population of 2 , 267 , 659 ( 39 % of ___MASK85___ ' s total as of January 2016 ). The Republic of ___MASK58___ , " Lýðveldið Ísland " in Icelandic , is a Nordic island country in the ___MASK92___ . It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two - thirds of the population . ___MASK58___ is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the ___MASK59___ through the lowlands . ___MASK58___ is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . ___MASK76___ is a " comune " of Piemonte , in the Province of ___MASK37___ , Italy . ___MASK76___ is sited on the right bank of the Scrivia between the plain of Marengo and the foothills of the Ligurian Apennines . Christina of ___MASK85___ ( Danish : Christine af Danmark ; November 1521 -- 10 December 1590 ) was a Danish princess who became Duchess - consort of Milan , then Duchess - consort of Lorraine . She served as Regent of Lorraine in the years 1545 -- 1552 during the minority of her son . She was also a claimant to the thrones of ___MASK85___ , Norway and Sweden in 1561 - 1590 . Finally , she was sovereign Lady of Tortona in 1578 - 1584 .