date_of_birth shirley clay
Shirley Clay ( died February ___MASK38___ , 1951 ) was an American jazz trumpeter . Clay got his early start in St . Louis , Missouri while a teenager , about 1920 . He toured with John Williams ' s Synco Jazzers early in the decade and then moved to Chicago , where he recorded with Louis Armstrong in 1927 and worked with Carroll Dickerson and Clifford King . In the late 1920s and 1930s he did significant work as a studio musician , playing with Earl Hines , Ma Rainey , Billie Holiday , and the Boswell Sisters . He played with Don Redman in the middle of the 1930s and spent time with Benny Goodman , Ben Pollack , and Claude Hopkins in the latter half of the decade . In the 1940s , he spent time with Hines again , Horace Henderson , Leon Abbey , Cootie Williams , and Cab Calloway . He also recorded with The Mills Brothers . From 1944 -- 51 , he led his own band which included Edgar Battle among its sidemen ; he also played as a sideman in his own right with Manzie Johnson and Harry Dial . Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". Ragtime  also spelled rag - time or rag time  is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between ___MASK5___ and 1918 . Its cardinal trait is its syncopated , or " ragged ", rhythm . The genre has its origins in African - American communities like St . Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano . Ernest Hogan ( 1865  1909 ) was a pioneer of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music . The composition was called " LA Pas Ma LA " and it was released in ___MASK5___ . Hogan has also been credited for coining the term " ragtime ". The term is actually derived from his hometown " Shake Rag " in Bowling Green , Kentucky . Ben Harney , who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public . His first ragtime composition " You ' ve been a good old wagon but you done broke " helped popularize the musical genre . The composition was published in ___MASK5___ but released in 1896 . Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa , with additional polyrhythms coming from African music . The ragtime composer Scott Joplin (" ca ." 1868  ___MASK64___ ) became famous through the publication of the " Maple Leaf Rag " ( 1899 ) and a string of ragtime hits such as " The Entertainer " ( ___MASK33___ ), although he was later forgotten by all but a small , dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s . For at least 12 years after its publication , " Maple Leaf Rag " heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines , harmonic progressions or metric patterns . Africa is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about ___MASK79___ . ___MASK10___ million km² ( ___MASK73___ . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of Earth ' s total surface area and ___MASK26___ . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . West Africa , also called Western Africa and the West of Africa , is the westernmost subregion of Africa . West Africa has been defined as including ___MASK6___ countries : Benin , Burkina Faso , the island nation of Cape Verde , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea - Bissau , Ivory Coast , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Nigeria , the island of Saint Helena , Senegal , Sierra Leone , São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo . New Orleans ( or ) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana . The population of the city was ___MASK4___ , 829 as of the 2010 U . S . Census . The New Orleans metropolitan area ( New Orleans  Metairie  Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area ) had a population of 1 , ___MASK97___ , 764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States . The New Orleans  Metairie  Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area , a larger trading area , had a 2010 population of 1 , 452 , 502 .