occupation nina lobkovskaya
A ___MASK15___ ( also known as a sharpshooter ) is a person who is skilled in precision shooting , using projectile weapons , usually with a rifle but most commonly with a designated ___MASK15___ rifle or a special application rifle , to shoot at long range targets . In popular and historical usage , " sharpshooter " and " ___MASK15___ " are considered synonyms . Within the shooting sports and military usages today , however , sharpshooter and ___MASK15___ refer to distinctly different levels of skill , which are never conflated . Specifically , in the US Army , " ___MASK15___ " is a rating below " sharpshooter " and " expert ". Four levels of skill are generally recognized today in both military and civilian shooting circles : unqualified , ___MASK15___ , sharpshooter , and expert . Marksmanship badges for the three qualified levels are commonly awarded to both civilian and military shooters who attain proficiency in shooting higher than " unqualified ". World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing ___MASK84___ alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and ___MASK84___ resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The ___MASK49___ , officially the Union of Soviet ___MASK96___ Republics ( USSR " ) was a ___MASK96___ state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A union of multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The ___MASK49___ was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Workers ' and Peasants ' Red ___MASK71___ (: RKKA , frequently shortened in Russian to ; KA , in English : Red ___MASK71___ also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch - Red Horde , ___MASK71___ of Work ) was the ___MASK71___ and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . The ___MASK71___ was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution ( Red October or Bolshevik Revolution ). The Bolsheviks raised an ___MASK71___ to oppose the military confederations ( especially the various groups collectively known as the White ___MASK71___ ) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War . Beginning in February 1946 , the Red ___MASK71___ , along with the Soviet Navy , embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces ; taking the official name of " Soviet ___MASK71___ ", until its dissolution in December 1991 . The ___MASK84___ , also called the armed forces , are forces authorized to use deadly force , and weapons , to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens . The task of the ___MASK84___ is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens , and the prosecution of war against another state . The ___MASK84___ may also have additional sanctioned and non - sanctioned functions within a society , including , the promotion of a political agenda , protecting corporate economic interests , internal population control , construction , emergency services , social ceremonies , and guarding important areas . The ___MASK84___ can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society , through the development of separate infrastructures , which may include housing , schools , utilities , food production and banking . Strategic bombing is a ___MASK84___ strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of ___MASK84___ operations , or both . It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers , long - or medium - range missiles , or nuclear - armed fighter - bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy ' s war - making capability . The Bolsheviks , originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki ( derived from  " bol ' shinstvo ", " majority ", literally meaning " one of the majority ") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903 . The RSDLP was a ___MASK40___ socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk ( Belarus ) to unite the various ___MASK40___ organisations of the Russian Empire into one party . The Soviet Navy ( literally " ___MASK84___ Maritime Fleet of the USSR ") was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces . Often referred to as the Red Fleet , the Soviet Navy was a large part of the Soviet Union ' s strategic plan in the event of a conflict with the United States , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ), or another conflict related to the Warsaw Pact . The influence of the Soviet Navy played a large role in the Cold War , as the majority of conflicts centered on naval forces . Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the ___MASK9___ Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city ( and later on Nagasaki ) at 8 : 15 a . m . on August 6 , 1945 , near the end of World War II . The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , during the final stage of World War II . The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the ___MASK20___ as outlined in the Quebec Agreement . The two bombings , which killed at least 129 , 000 people , remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history . A ___MASK98___ is a ___MASK15___ or qualified specialist who operates alone , in a pair , or with a ___MASK98___ team to maintain close visual contact with the enemy and shoot enemies from concealed positions or distances exceeding the detection capabilities of enemy personnel . Snipers typically have highly - selective or specialized training and use crew - served high - precision / special application rifles and optics , and often have sophisticated communication assets to feed valuable combat information back to their units or military bases . A great power is a ___MASK59___ state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale . Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength , as well as diplomatic and soft power influence , which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers ' opinions before taking actions of their own . International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities , spatial aspects , and status dimensions . The Soviet Armed Forces , also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet ___MASK96___ Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union ( Russian :       " Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik ",     ) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR ( 1917  1922 ), and Soviet Union ( 1922  1991 ) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution in December 1991 . A ___MASK23___ force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law , protect property , and limit civil disorder . Their powers include the legitimized use of force . The term is most commonly associated with ___MASK23___ services of a ___MASK59___ state that are authorized to exercise the ___MASK23___ power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility . Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors ; however , gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing . The October Revolution , officially known in the Soviet literature as the Great October ___MASK96___ Revolution , and commonly referred to as Red October , the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution , was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917 . It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October ( 7 November , New Style ) 1917 . The Russian Civil War was a multi - party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917 , as many factions vied to determine Russia ' s political future . The two largest combatant groups were the Red ___MASK71___ , fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism , and the loosely allied forces known as the White ___MASK71___ , which included diverse interests favoring monarchism , capitalism and alternative forms of socialism , each with democratic and antidemocratic variants . In addition , rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites . Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red ___MASK71___ , notably the Allied Forces and the pro - German armies . The Red ___MASK71___ defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in ___MASK8___ and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919 . The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920 . Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years , and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923 . Armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934 . There were an estimated 7 , 000 , 000 - 12 , 000 , 000 casualties during the war , mostly civilians . The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen . In politics and ___MASK84___ planning , a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society ' s resources  both industrial and human  towards the support of a ___MASK84___ force . Depending on the militarization of the culture , the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them , the style of government , and the popular support for the ___MASK84___ objectives , such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society . A ___MASK84___ alliance is an international agreement concerning national security , when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance . ___MASK84___ alliances differ from coalitions , as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known . The armed forces of a country are its government - sponsored defense , fighting forces , and organizations . They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors . In broad usage , the terms " armed forces " and " ___MASK84___ " are often treated synonymously , although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country ' s armed forces may include both its ___MASK84___ and other paramilitary forces . Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives . The study of the use of armed forces is called ___MASK84___ science . Broadly speaking , this involves considering offense and defense at three " levels ": strategy , operational art , and tactics . All three levels study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective . Russian Soviet Federative ___MASK96___ Republic ( Russian SFSR or RSFSR ; ), commonly known as , was a ___MASK59___ state in 1917  22 and 1991 - 93 , the largest , most populous , and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922  91 and a ___MASK59___ part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990  91 . The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics , five autonomous oblasts , ten autonomous okrugs , six krais , and forty oblasts . Russians formed the largest ethnic group . The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . The Soviet ___MASK71___ is the name given to the main land - based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991 , when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces , although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993 . Until 25 February 1946 , it was known as the Red ___MASK71___ , established by decree on 15 ( 28 ) January 1918 " to protect the population , territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state ." It had 2 . 4 million men under its service during the Cold War . A ___MASK18___ ( abbreviated Lt ., LT , LTA , Lieut ., LEUT and LEUT .) is a junior commissioned ___MASK36___ in many nations ' armed forces , fire service or police . Total war is warfare that includes any and all civilian - associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate ___MASK84___ targets , mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war , and gives priority to warfare over non - combatant needs . The American - English Dictionary defines total war as " war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used , the territory or combatants involved , or the objectives pursued , especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded ." Nina Alexeyevna Lobkovskaya ( Russian :          ; born c . 1925 ) served as a ___MASK98___ for the Red ___MASK71___ of the Soviet Union during World War II attaining the rank of Lieutenant .