country skuta
___MASK63___ , officially the Principality of ___MASK63___ , is a doubly landlocked German - speaking microstate in Central Europe . It is a constitutional monarchy with the rank of principality , headed by the Prince of ___MASK63___ . ___MASK59___ , officially the Federal Republic of ___MASK59___ , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , ___MASK59___ is the most populous member state of the ___MASK46___ . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . ___MASK59___ ' s capital and largest metropolis is Berlin . Other major cities include Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . ___MASK95___ , officially the Principality of ___MASK95___ , is a sovereign city - state and microstate , located on the French Riviera in Western Europe . ___MASK38___ borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . ___MASK95___ has an area of and a population of about 37 , 800 ; it is the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world . ___MASK95___ has a land border of , a coastline of , and a width that varies between . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires " Ward ", which is above sea level . ___MASK95___ ' s most populous " Quartier " is Monte Carlo and the most populous " Ward " is Larvotto / Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , ___MASK95___ ' s land mass has expanded by twenty percent . ___MASK95___ is known as a playground for the rich and famous , due to its tax laws . In 2014 , it was noted about 30 % of the population was made up of millionaires , more than in Zürich or Geneva . ___MASK7___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK7___ ( Slovene : , abbr .: " RS "), is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers and has a population of 2 . 06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe , stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries : ___MASK68___ , France , Germany , Italy , Liechtenstein , Monaco , ___MASK7___ , and Switzerland . The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided . Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn . Mont Blanc spans the French  Italian border , and at is the highest mountain in the Alps . The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres ( just over 13 , 000 feet ). The Matterhorn ( ) is a mountain of the Alps , straddling the main watershed and border between ___MASK65___ and ___MASK50___ . It is a huge and near - symmetrical pyramidal peak in the extended Monte Rosa area of the Pennine Alps , whose summit is high , making it one of the highest summits in the Alps and Europe . The four steep faces , rising above the surrounding glaciers , face the four compass points and are split by the " Hörnli ", " Furggen ", " Leone " and " Zmutt " ridges . The mountain overlooks the Swiss town of Zermatt in the canton of Valais to the north - east and the Italian town of Breuil - Cervinia in the Aosta Valley to the south . Just east of the Matterhorn is Theodul Pass , the main passage between the two valleys on its north and south sides and a trade route since the Roman Era . Mont Blanc or Monte Bianco , both meaning " White Mountain ", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks . It rises above sea level and is ranked 11th in the ___MASK81___ in topographic prominence . Skuta ( pronounced ( skuta ) ) is the third - highest peak in the Kamnik Alps and is known for its glacier , which is the easternmost in the Alps . Sea ice arises as seawater freezes . Because ice is less dense than water , it floats on the ocean ' s surface ( as does fresh water ice , which has an even lower density ). Sea ice covers about 7 % of the Earth  s surface and about 12 % of the ___MASK81___  s oceans . Much of the ___MASK81___ ' s sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth ' s polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the ___MASK84___ ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent , a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology , including the ocean ' s ecosystems . Due to the action of winds , currents and temperature fluctuations , sea ice is very dynamic , leading to a wide variety of ice types and features . Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs , which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean . Depending on location , sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs . Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the ___MASK51___ to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . To the east and southeast , Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non - oceanic borders of Europe  a concept dating back to classical antiquity  are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term " continent " as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent ' s current overland boundaries . A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight ; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation ( melting and sublimation ) over many years , often centuries . Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight , creating crevasses , seracs , and other distinguishing features . They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines . Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water . ___MASK50___ , officially the ___MASK76___ , is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe . Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea , ___MASK50___ shares open land borders with France , Switzerland , ___MASK68___ , ___MASK7___ , San Marino and Vatican City . ___MASK50___ covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate ; due to its shape , it is often referred to in ___MASK50___ as " lo Stivale " ( the Boot ). With 61 million inhabitants , it is the fourth most populous EU member state . ___MASK65___ , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic in Europe . It consists of 26 cantons , and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities . The country is situated in Western - Central Europe , and is bordered by ___MASK50___ to the south , ___MASK38___ to the west , ___MASK59___ to the north , and ___MASK68___ and Liechtenstein to the east . ___MASK65___ is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps , the Swiss Plateau and the Jura , spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are to be found : among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva . ___MASK38___ , officially the ___MASK1___ , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of ___MASK38___ extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the ___MASK51___ . Overseas ___MASK38___ include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . ___MASK38___ spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi - presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country ' s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux .