instance_of aristocrat records
Soul ___MASK85___ ( often referred to simply as soul ) is a popular ___MASK85___ ___MASK11___ that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . It combines elements of African - American gospel ___MASK85___ , rhythm and blues and jazz . Soul ___MASK85___ became popular for dancing and listening in the United States ; where record labels such as Motown , Atlantic and Stax were influential in the civil rights era . Soul also became popular around the world , directly influencing ___MASK69___ and the ___MASK85___ of Africa . Blues is a ___MASK11___ and ___MASK16___ form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century . The ___MASK11___ developed from roots in African ___MASK16___ traditions , African - American work songs and European - American folk music . Blues incorporated spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts , chants , and rhymed simple narrative ballads . The blues form , ubiquitous in jazz , rhythm and blues and rock and roll , is characterized by the call - and - response pattern , the blues scale and specific chord progressions , of which the twelve - ___MASK40___ blues is the most common . Blue notes ( or " worried notes "), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch , are also an essential part of the sound . Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance - like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove . Geffen Records is an American major ___MASK62___ , owned by Universal ___MASK85___ Group , which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A & M Records label . Today , it is headquartered in the ___MASK63___ and is headed by Gee Roberson , who reports to John Janick , CEO of Interscope Records . Aristocrat Records , sometimes billed as The Aristocrat of Records , was founded in April 1947 by Charles and Evelyn Aron , together with their partners Fred and Mildred Brount and ___MASK24___ Spiegel . By September Leonard Chess had invested in the young record ___MASK77___ . Over ___MASK35___ , Leonard bought the others out , and by 1948 , only he and Evelyn Aron ran the firm . By early 1950 Leonard and his brother Phil had become the sole owners , and in June of that year , they changed the ___MASK77___ ' s name from Aristocrat to Chess Records . The Aristocrat brand was officially discontinued in January 1951 . In three years , Aristocrat released 183 songs , and recorded 18 more that were released under the new Chess label . On August 27th 1947 Muddy Waters made his first recordings for Aristocrat , which produced the single `` Gypsy Woman '' b / w `` Little Anna Mae . '' Backing Waters were bassist Big Crawford and pianist Sunnyland Slim . After a second session in December 1947 , Aristocrat released `` I Ca n ' t Be Satisfied '' b / w `` Feel Like Goin ' Home , '' which became a minor hit . Electric blues refers to any type of blues ___MASK85___ distinguished by the use of electric amplification for ___MASK16___ instruments . The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T - ___MASK10___ Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s . Their styles developed into West Coast blues , Detroit blues , and post - World War II Chicago blues , which differed from earlier , predominantly acoustic - style blues . By the early 1950s , Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica or blues harp using a small hand - held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier . Although it took a little longer , the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand - up bass by the early 1960s . Electric organs and especially keyboards later became widely used in electric blues . The Chicago blues is a form of blues ___MASK85___ indigenous to Chicago , Illinois . Chicago blues is a type of urban blues . Urban blues evolved from classic blues following the Great Migration , or the Great Northern Drive , which was both forced and voluntary at times , of African - Americans from the southern United States to the industrial cities of the north , such as Chicago . Muddy Waters directly joined that migration , like many others , such as in Florida , avoiding the more harshly southern Jim Crow laws . Bruce Iglauer , founder of Alligator Records stated that , " Chicago blues is the ___MASK85___ of the industrial ___MASK20___ , and has an industrial sense about it ." Additionally , recognizing the shift in blues , Chicago Blues singer and guitarist , Kevin Moore expressed the blues transition stating , " You have to put some new life into it , new blood , new perspectives . You can ' t ___MASK78___ talking about mules , workin ' on the levee ." Chicago blues was heavily influenced by Mississippi bluesman who traveled to Chicago in the early 1940s . The development of blues , up to Chicago blues , is arguably as follows : Country blues , to ___MASK20___ blues , to urban blues ". Chicago blues is based around the ___MASK39___ of the electric guitar and the harmonica , with the harmonica played through a PA system or guitar amplifier . Universal ___MASK85___ Group , Inc . ( also known as Universal ___MASK85___ Group Recordings , Inc . and abbreviated as UMG ) is an American - French global ___MASK85___ ___MASK50___ that is a subsidiary of the Paris - based French media ___MASK82___ Vivendi . UMG ' s global ___MASK99___ are in Santa Monica , California . Rhythm and blues , often abbreviated as R & B or RnB , is a ___MASK11___ of popular African - American music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a ___MASK35___ when " urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat " was becoming more popular . In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . R & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African - American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and ___MASK21___ . Chicago ( or ), officially ___MASK44___ of Chicago , is the third - most populous city in the United States , and the fifth - most populous city in North America . With over 2 . 7 million residents , it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States , and the ___MASK74___ of Cook County . The Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland , has nearly 10 million people and is the third - largest in the U . S . Jazz is a ___MASK85___ ___MASK11___ that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Since the 1920s jazz ___MASK36___ , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African - American ___MASK85___ traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band ___MASK85___ . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as " one of America ' s original art forms ". ___MASK6___ Records was an American record ___MASK77___ , founded in 1950 in Chicago and specializing in blues and rhythm and blues . Over ___MASK35___ it expanded into soul music , gospel music , early rock and roll , and occasional jazz and comedy recordings , released on the ___MASK6___ , Checker , Argo , and Cadet labels . The ___MASK6___ catalogue is currently owned by Universal Music Group and managed by Geffen Records . ___MASK57___ ___MASK85___ is a ___MASK85___ ___MASK11___ in Christian ___MASK85___ . The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of gospel ___MASK85___ varies according to culture and social context . ___MASK57___ ___MASK85___ is composed and performed for many purposes , including aesthetic ___MASK72___ , religious or ceremonial purposes , and as an entertainment product for the marketplace . ___MASK57___ ___MASK85___ usually has dominant vocals ( often with strong use of harmony ) with Christian ___MASK75___ . ___MASK57___ ___MASK85___ can be traced to the early 17th century , with roots in the black oral tradition . Hymns and sacred songs were repeated in a call and response fashion . Most of the churches relied on hand clapping and foot stomping as rhythmic accompaniment . Most of the singing was done a cappella . The first published use of the term " ___MASK57___ Song " probably appeared in 1874 . The original gospel songs were written and composed by authors such as George F . Root , Philip Bliss , Charles H . Gabriel , William Howard Doane , and Fanny Crosby . ___MASK57___ ___MASK85___ publishing houses emerged . The advent of radio in the 1920s greatly increased the audience for gospel ___MASK85___ . Following World War II , gospel ___MASK85___ moved into major auditoriums , and gospel ___MASK85___ concerts became quite elaborate . ___MASK29___ and roll ( often written as ___MASK29___ & roll or ___MASK29___ ' n ' roll ) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s , from African - American ___MASK16___ styles such as gospel , jazz , boogie woogie , and rhythm and blues , with country . While elements of ___MASK29___ and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s , the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s . Leonard ___MASK6___ ( March 12 , 1917  ___MASK83___ 16 , 1969 ) was an American record ___MASK77___ executive and the co - founder of ___MASK6___ Records . He was influential in the development of electric blues , Chicago blues , and ___MASK29___ and roll .