languages_spoken_or_written rolf witting
Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe . Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term , geographically , Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north ; which includes ( from west to east ) most or all of : Iceland , the Republic of Ireland , the Isle of Man , the United Kingdom , the Faroe Islands , the ___MASK57___ , northern Germany , Denmark , Norway , Sweden , northern Poland , Finland , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania and northwest Russia . However , narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors , such as climate and ecology . Greenland , geographically a part of North America , is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark , and may be included depending on the definition . Porvoo is a city and a municipality situated on the southern coast of Finland approximately east of Helsinki . Porvoo is one of the six medieval towns in Finland , first mentioned as a city in texts from 14th century . Porvoo is the seat of the ___MASK41___ - speaking Diocese of Borgå of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland . The Diocese of Borgå is a Diocese for the ___MASK41___ - speaking minority of Finland . It is a part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland . Porvoo (" Borgå " in ___MASK41___ ) is also the old seat of the present - day ( Finnish - speaking ) Diocese of Tampere . Fennoscandia , Fenno - Scandinavia , or the Fennoscandian Peninsula , is the geographical peninsula of the Nordic region comprising the Scandinavian Peninsula , Finland , Karelia , and the Kola Peninsula . It encompasses Finland , Norway and Sweden , as well as Murmansk Oblast , much of the Republic of Karelia and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia . Its name comes from the ___MASK31___ words " Fennia " ( Finland ) and " Scandia " ( Scandinavian ). The term was first used by the Finnish geologist Wilhelm Ramsay in 1898 . Geologically , the area is distinct because its bedrock is Archaean granite and gneiss with very little limestone , in contrast to neighboring areas in Europe . Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( ___MASK41___ : ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge - tunnel across the Öresund . At , Sweden is the third - largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10 . 0 million . Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country . Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas . Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a sovereign state in Northern Europe . A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west , the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest , Norway to the north , and Russia to the east . Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland . Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia , which also includes Scandinavia . Finland ' s population is 5 . 5 million ( 2014 ), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades . The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region . In terms of area , it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . Russia ( from the  Rus '), also officially known as the ___MASK93___ Federation , is a country in Eurasia . At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area , covering more than one - eighth of the Earth ' s inhabited land area , and the ninth most populous , with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016 . The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern , about 77 % of the population live in European Russia . Russia ' s capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world , other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . Norway (; ___MASK47___ : ( ___MASK43___ ) or ( Nynorsk ); Sami : " Norgga "), officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub - Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands ( since 1035 ), Greenland ( 1261 ), and Iceland ( 1262 ). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468 . It also included the following provinces , now in Sweden : Jämtland , Härjedalen and Bohuslän . Rolf Johan Witting ( 30 September 1879 in Viipuri -- 11 October 1944 in Porvoo ) was a ___MASK46___ oceanographist and politician , member of four of Finland ' s cabinets 1924 -- 1943 .