headquarters_location afro-shirazi party
___MASK47___ (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of ___MASK47___ , is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf , the nation is bordered by the ___MASK84___ to the northwest , Saudi Arabia to the west , and Yemen to the southwest , and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan . The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of ___MASK47___ on the northeast . The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders , with the Strait of Hormuz ( which it shares with Iran ) and Gulf of ___MASK47___ forming Musandam ' s coastal boundaries . A head of state ( or chief of state ) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state . In developing the current Constitution of ___MASK11___ ( 1958 ), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody " the spirit of the nation " (""). In some countries , typically those with parliamentary governments , the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day - to - day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority ( e . g ., Queen ___MASK57___ II in the ___MASK34___ ). In other countries , the head of state is also the head of government , such as in the U . S ., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who , in practice , oversees the executive branch . ___MASK46___ ( or Zanzibar Town , often simply referred to as Zanzibar ) is the capital and largest city of Zanzibar , in Tanzania . It is located on the west coast of Unguja , the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago , roughly due north of Dar es Salaam across the Zanzibar Channel . It also serves as the capital of the Zanzibar Urban / West Region , and qualifies as a district , formally known as Zanzibar Urban District . In 2002 its population was 205 , 870 . The ___MASK85___ Revolution occurred in 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of ___MASK85___ and his mainly Arab government by local African revolutionaries . ___MASK85___ was an ethnically diverse state consisting of a number of islands off the east coast of Tanganyika which had been granted independence by Britain in 1963 . In a series of parliamentary elections preceding independence , the Arab minority succeeded in retaining the hold on power it had inherited from ___MASK85___ ' s former existence as an overseas territory of Oman . Frustrated by under - representation in Parliament despite winning 54 % of the vote in the July 1963 election , the mainly African Afro - Shirazi Party ( ASP ) allied itself with the left - wing Umma Party , and early on the morning of 12 January 1964 ASP member John Okello mobilised around 600  800 revolutionaries on the main island of Unguja ( ___MASK85___ Island ). Having overrun the country ' s police force and appropriated their weaponry , the insurgents proceeded to ___MASK85___ Town where they overthrew the Sultan and his government . Reprisals against Arab and South Asian civilians on the island followed ; the resulting death toll is disputed , with estimates ranging from several hundred to 20 , 000 . The moderate ASP leader Abeid Karume became the country ' s new president and head of state , and positions of power were granted to Umma party members . East ___MASK50___ or Eastern ___MASK50___ is the easterly region of the African continent , variably defined by geography or geopolitics . In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions , 20 territories constitute Eastern ___MASK50___ : The Afro - Shirazi Party ( ASP ) was the union between the mostly ___MASK70___ Party and the mostly African Afro Party in the island of ___MASK85___ . The formation of ASP led to the ouster of the Arabs from power with the ___MASK85___ Revolution in 1964 . The party joined with the Tanganyika African National Union ( TANU ) to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( CCM ) in January 1977 . The Tanganyika African National Union ( TANU ) was the principal political party in the struggle for sovereignty in the East African state of Tanganyika ( now Tanzania ). The party was formed from the Tanganyika African Association by Julius Nyerere in July 1954 when he was teaching at St . Francis ' College ( which is now known as Pugu High School ). From 1964 the party was called Tanzania African National Union . In January 1977 the TANU merged with the ruling party in ___MASK85___ , the Afro - Shirazi Party ( ASP ) to form the current Revolutionary State Party or Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( CCM ). The policy of TANU was to build and maintain a socialist state aiming towards economic self - sufficiency and to eradicate corruption and exploitation , with the major means of production and exchange under the control of the peasants and workers ( Ujamaa - Essays on Socialism ; " The Arusha Declaration "). Abeid Amani Karume ( 4 August 1905  7 April 1972 ) was the first President of ___MASK85___ . He obtained this title as a result of a violent revolution which led to the deposing of the last Sultan of ___MASK85___ Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah in . Three months later , the United Republic of Tanzania was founded , and Karume became the first Vice President of the United Republic with Julius Nyerere of Tanganyika as president of the new country . He was the father of ___MASK85___ ' s former president  Amani Abeid Karume . The ___MASK85___ Archipelago consists of several islands lying off the coast of East Africa in the Indian Ocean . There are four main islands , three primary islands with human populations , a fourth coral island that serves as an essential breeding ground for seabirds , plus a number of smaller islets that surround them and an isolated tiny islet . Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in Eastern ___MASK50___ within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern ___MASK50___ . It is bordered by ___MASK90___ and Uganda to the north ; ___MASK33___ , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Mount Kilimanjaro , ___MASK50___ ' s highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Stone Town , also known as Mji Mkongwe ( Swahili for " old town "), is the old part of ___MASK46___ , the main city of Zanzibar , in Tanzania . ( The newer portion of the city is known as Ng ' ambo , Swahili for ' the other side '). Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja , the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago . Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate , and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century , it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate . When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania , Zanzibar kept a semi - autonomous status , with Stone Town as its local government seat . John Gideon Okello ( 1937  1971 ?) was an East African revolutionary and the leader of the ___MASK85___ Revolution in 1964 . This revolution overthrew Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah and led to the proclamation of ___MASK85___ as a republic . Zanj ( from zang , meaning " Land of the Blacks " ) was a name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast ___MASK50___ ( primarily the Swahili Coast ), and to the area ' s Bantu inhabitants . This word is also the origin of the place name " ___MASK85___ ". The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world ' s oceanic divisions , covering ( approximately 20 % of the water on the Earth ' s surface ). It is bounded by ___MASK16___ on the north , on the west by Africa , on the east by Australia , and on the south by the Southern Ocean or , depending on definition , by Antarctica . It is named after the country of India . The Indian Ocean is known as " Ratnkara ", "" the mine of gems "" in ancient Sanskrit literature , and as " Hind Mahsgar ", "" the great Indian sea "", in Hindi . Tanganyika was a sovereign state that existed from 9 December 1961 until 22 April 1964 , first gaining ___MASK89___ from the ___MASK34___ as a Commonwealth realm , then becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations exactly a year later . After signing the Articles of Union on April 22 , on 26 April 1964 , Tanganyika officially joined with the People ' s Republic of ___MASK85___ and Pemba to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and ___MASK85___ , a new state that changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year . It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria , Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika . ___MASK85___ ( Zanjibr ), is a semi - autonomous part of Tanzania in East Africa . It is composed of the ___MASK85___ Archipelago in the Indian Ocean , off the coast of the mainland , and consists of many small islands and two large ones : Unguja ( the main island , referred to informally as ___MASK85___ ) and Pemba . The capital is ___MASK46___ , located on the island of Unguja . Its historic centre is Stone Town , which is a World Heritage Site . Unguja ( also referred to as ___MASK85___ Island or simply ___MASK85___ , in Ancient Greek Menuthias , "  " - as mentioned in The " Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ", in Greek :     -) is the largest and most populated island of the ___MASK85___ archipelago , in Tanzania .