noble_family qutlugh nigar khanum
The ___MASK79___ , officially the Great Yuan , was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan , leader of the Mongolian ___MASK49___ clan . Although the Mongols had ruled territories including today ' s North China for decades , it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style , and the conquest was not complete until 1279 . His realm was , by this point , isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of present - day China and its surrounding areas , including modern Mongolia . It was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368 , after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern ___MASK79___ . Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese language , while others only used their native language ( i . e . Mongolian ) and the ' Phags - pa script . The ___MASK21___ or Mogul Empire , self - designated as Gurkani (" Grkniyn ", meaning " son - in - law "), was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco - Mongol origin from Central Asia . The dynasty , though ethnically Turco - Mongol , was Persianate in terms of culture . The ___MASK16___ was the ruling dynasty of China  then known as the  for 276 years ( 1368  1644 ) following the collapse of the Mongol - led ___MASK79___ . The Ming , described by some as " one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history ," was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese . Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng ( who established the ___MASK54___ , soon replaced by the Manchu - led ___MASK82___ ), regimes loyal to the Ming throne  collectively called the Southern Ming  survived until 1683 . Qutlugh Nigar Khanum ( also spelled Kutlak Nigar Khanum ; d . 1505 ) was the first wife and chief consort of Umar Shaikh Mirza II , the King of Ferghana Valley . She was born a princess of the Chagatai Khanate as a daughter of Yunus Khan , the Great Khan of Moghulistan and his chief consort Aisan Daulat Begum . She was also the mother of Emperor Babur , the founder of the ___MASK21___ of India as well as its first Emperor . Moghulistan ( Mughalistan , Moghul Khanate ) ( from , " Moqulestân / Molistn "), also called the Eastern Chagatai Khanate , was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Tian Shan mountain range , on the border of Central Asia and East Asia . That area today includes parts of Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , and northwest China ( Xinjiang ). A khanate nominally ruled over the area from the mid - 14th century until the late 17th century , although it is debatable whether it was a continuation of the Chagatai Khanate , an independent khanate , or a tributary state to ___MASK16___ China . Yunus Khan ( c . 1416  1487 ), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death . He is identified by many historians with jj ` Ali ( Pinyin : " Hazhi Ali "), of the contemporary Chinese records . He is the maternal grandfather of Babur , founder of the ___MASK21___ . The Chagatai Khanate ( Mongolian : " Tsagadaina Khaanat Ulus /    ") was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of Genghis Khan , and his descendants and successors . Initially it was a part of the Mongol Empire , but it became a functionally separate khanate with the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259 . The Chagatai Khanate recognized the nominal supremacy of the ___MASK79___ in 1304 , but became split into two parts in the mid - 14th century : the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Moghulistan Khanate . Khanum or Khanoum (, ) is a female royal and aristocratic title derived through an originally East Asian and Central Asian title , and was later used in the Middle East and South Asia It is the feminine equivalent of the title " Khan " title for a sovereign or military ruler , widely used by medieval nomadic Mongol tribes living to the north of China . " Khan " is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289 . The Rourans were the first people who used the titles khagan and khan for their emperors , replacing the Chanyu of the Xiongnu , whom Grousset and others assume to be Turkic . The Xianbei were proto - Mongols residing in what became today ' s eastern Mongolia , Inner Mongolia , and Northeast China . Along with the Xiongnu , they were one of the major nomadic groups in northern China during the ___MASK55___ and subsequent dynastic periods . They eventually established their own northern dynasties , including the Northern Wei founded in the 4th century AD by the Tuoba clan . Chanyu ( short form for Chengli Gutu Chanyu ( according to " Book of Han ", it means Heaven , Child , Immense appearance )) was the title used by the nomadic supreme rulers of Middle and Central Asia for eight centuries and was superseded by the title "" Khagan "" in 402 CE . The title was used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the ___MASK97___ ( 221 - 206 BCE ) and Han dynasty ( 206 BCE  220 CE ).