has_part house of aviz
In political ___MASK46___ and political ___MASK35___ , the term power vacuum , also known as a power void , is an analogy between a physical vacuum , to the political condition " when someone has lost control of something and no one has replaced them ." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority . The physical analogy suggests that in a power vacuum , other forces will tend to " rush in " to fill the vacuum as soon as it is created , perhaps in the form of an armed militia or insurgents , military coup , warlord or dictator . The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the ___MASK13___ of ___MASK61___ and the Spanish ___MASK13___ between 1580 and 1640 , bringing the entire Iberian Peninsula , as well as Spanish and Portuguese overseas ___MASK68___ , under the Spanish Habsburg kings Philip II , Philip III and Philip IV of Spain . The union began as a result of the Portuguese crisis of succession and the ensuing War of the Portuguese Succession and lasted 60 years , until the Portuguese Restoration War in which the ___MASK57___ was established as ___MASK61___ ' s new ruling dynasty . The Seventeen Provinces was ___MASK42___ term applied to the Imperial states of the Habsburg ___MASK22___ in the 15th and 16th century . They roughly covered the Low Countries , i . e . the current ___MASK22___ , Belgium , and ___MASK9___ , plus most of the modern French department of Nord including Artois , French Flanders , and French Hainaut . Also enclosed in this area were semi - independent fiefdoms , mainly ecclesiastical ones , such as Liège , Cambrai and Stavelot - Malmedy . The ___MASK22___ is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the ___MASK22___ . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean . The European part of the ___MASK22___ borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the ___MASK20___ , and Germany . The largest cities in the ___MASK22___ are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht . Amsterdam is the country ' s capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament . The name " Holland " is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the ___MASK22___ . The Military ___MASK62___ of Aviz , previously to 1910 " Royal Military ___MASK62___ of Aviz ", previously to 1789 " ___MASK62___ of Saint Benedict of Aviz ", previously " Knights of St . Benedict of Aviz " or " Friars of Santa Maria of Évora ", is a Portuguese ___MASK62___ of Chivalry . It gave its name and coat of arms to the Aviz Dynasty that ruled ___MASK61___ between 1385 and 1580 . The House of Aviz ( modern Portuguese : Avis ; Portuguese pronunciation : ( vi ) ) was the second dynasty of the kings of ___MASK61___ . In 1385 , the Interregnum of the 1383 - 1385 crisis ended when the Cortes of Coimbra proclaimed the Master of the monastic military Order of Aviz as King John I . John was the natural ( illegitimate ) son of King Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço , and so was half - brother to the last king of the Portuguese House of Burgundy or Afonsine Dynasty , Ferdinand I of ___MASK61___ . The House of Aviz continued to rule ___MASK61___ until Philip II of Spain inherited the Portuguese crown with the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 . The descendants of King John I were still also Masters of Aviz , though at times that title passed to ___MASK63___ descendant of John and the Crown of ___MASK61___ to another . The title of Grand Master of the Order of Aviz was permanently incorporated into the Portuguese Crown toward the end of rule by the House of Aviz , in 1551 . Jure uxoris is ___MASK42___ Latin term that means " by right of ( his ) wife ". " Jure " is the ablative case of " jus ", meaning ___MASK42___ ___MASK58___ . It is most commonly used to refer to ___MASK42___ title of nobility held by ___MASK42___ man because his wife holds it " suo jure " (" in her own right "). Similarly , the husband of an heiress could become the legal possessor of her lands " jure uxoris ", " by right of [ his ] wife ", as in England where , until the Married Women ' s Property Act 1882 , married women were legally incapable of owning real estate . " Jure uxoris " monarchs are not to be confused with kings consort , who were merely consorts of their wives , not co - rulers . Philip II of ___MASK38___ ( 21 May 1527  13 September 1598 ), called " the Prudent " ( el Prudente ), was ___MASK11___ of ___MASK38___ ( 1556  98 ), ___MASK11___ of ___MASK61___ ( 1581  98 , as " Philip I ", " Filipe I "), ___MASK11___ of Naples and Sicily ( both from 1554 ), and during his marriage to Queen ___MASK77___ I ( 1554  58 ) " jure uxoris " ___MASK11___ of England and ___MASK6___ . He was also Duke of Milan . From 1555 , he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands . An interregnum ( plural interregna or interregnums ) is ___MASK42___ period of discontinuity or " gap " in ___MASK42___ government , ___MASK51___ , or social ___MASK62___ . Archetypally , it was the period of ___MASK1___ between the reign of one monarch and the next ( coming from Latin " inter -", " between " and " rgnum ", " reign " [ from " rex , rgis ", " king "]), and the concepts of interregnum and regency therefore overlap . Historically , the longer and heavier interregna were typically accompanied by widespread unrest , civil and succession wars between warlords , and power vacuums filled by foreign invasions or the emergence of ___MASK42___ new power . A failed state is usually in interregnum . The Portuguese Empire , also known as the Portuguese Overseas (" Ultramar Português "), was the first colonial empire , spanning almost six centuries from the capture of ___MASK75___ in 1415 to the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002 . The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states . It was ___MASK63___ of the largest empires in ___MASK35___ and at the peak of its power , was the first to reach global dimensions through a long network of numerous territories and smaller ___MASK68___ . Portugal ' s colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth . The Battle of Alcazar ( Portuguese : " Batalha de Alcácer Quibir ", also known as " Battle of Three Kings " (    ) or " Battle of Oued al - Makhazin " (    ) in Morocco ) was fought in northern Morocco , near ___MASK24___ of Ksar - el - Kebir ( variant spellings : " Ksar El Kebir , Alcácer - Quivir , Alcazarquivir , Alcassar ", etc .) and Larache , on 4 August 1578 . The combatants were the army of the deposed Moroccan ___MASK27___ Abu Abdallah Mohammed II , with his ally , the King of Portugal Sebastian I , against a large Moroccan army nominally under the new ___MASK27___ of Morocco ( and uncle of Abu Abdallah Mohammed II ) Abd Al - Malik I . The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 came about as ___MASK42___ result of the death of young ___MASK11___ Sebastian I of ___MASK61___ in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in ___MASK30___ . As Sebastian had no immediate heirs , this event prompted ___MASK42___ dynastic crisis , with internal and external battles between several pretenders to the Portuguese throne ; in addition , because Sebastian ' s body was never found , several impostors emerged over the next several years claiming to be the young king , further confusing the situation . Ultimately , Philip II of Spain gained control of the country , uniting the Portuguese and Spanish Crowns in the Iberian Union , ___MASK42___ personal union that would last for 60 years , during which ___MASK1___ the Portuguese Empire declined . ___MASK42___ warlord is ___MASK42___ leader able to exercise military , economic , and political control over ___MASK42___ subnational territory within ___MASK42___ sovereign ___MASK7___ due to his ability to mobilize loyal armed forces . These armed forces , usually considered militias , are loyal to the warlord rather than to the ___MASK7___ regime . Warlords have existed throughout much of ___MASK35___ , albeit in ___MASK42___ variety of different capacities within the political , economic , and social structure of states or ungoverned territories . ___MASK42___ personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries , laws , and interests remain distinct . It differs from ___MASK42___ federation in that each constituent ___MASK7___ has an independent government , whereas ___MASK42___ unitary ___MASK7___ is united by ___MASK42___ central government . The ruler in ___MASK42___ personal union does not need to be ___MASK42___ hereditary monarch . ___MASK42___ reign is the period of ___MASK42___ person ' ___MASK84___ or dynasty ' ___MASK84___ occupation of the office of monarch of ___MASK42___ nation ( e . ___MASK36___ ., Saudi Arabia , Belgium , Andorra ), of ___MASK42___ people ( e . ___MASK36___ ., the Franks , the Zulus ) or of ___MASK42___ spiritual community ( e . ___MASK36___ ., Roman Catholicism , Tibetan Buddhism , Nizari Ismailism ). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies ( e . ___MASK36___ ., Holy Roman Empire ) there have been no limits on the duration of ___MASK42___ sovereign ' ___MASK84___ reign or incumbency , nor is there ___MASK42___ term of office . Thus , ___MASK42___ reign usually lasts until the monarch dies , unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed . ___MASK42___ failed ___MASK7___ is a political body that has disintegrated to a point where basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government no longer ___MASK34___ properly . Likewise , when a nation weakens and its standard of living declines , it introduces the possibility of governmental collapse . The Fund for Peace characterizes a failed ___MASK7___ as having the following characteristics : Dom Ferdinand ___MASK2___ ( Portuguese : " Fernando "; 31 October 1345  22 October 1383 ), sometimes called the Handsome (" ___MASK41___ Formoso " or " ___MASK41___ Belo " ) or occasionally the Inconstant (" ___MASK41___ Inconstante "), was the King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1367 until his death in 1383 . His death led to the 1383 - 85 crisis , also known as the " Portuguese interregnum ". ___MASK38___ , officially the Kingdom of ___MASK38___ , is ___MASK42___ sovereign ___MASK7___ largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe , with two large archipelagos , the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast , two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for ___MASK42___ small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the ___MASK96___ . It is the only European country to have ___MASK42___ border with an African country ( Morocco ) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5 % of its population , mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla .