part_of mafadi
Namibia , officially ___MASK10___ of Namibia ( ___MASK29___ : ), is a ___MASK36___ in southern Africa whose western border is the ___MASK23___ . It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , a ___MASK85___ of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River ( essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana / Zambia micro - border ) separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the ___MASK53___ ( UN ), the Southern African Development ___MASK70___ ( SADC ), the African Union ( AU ), and the Commonwealth of Nations . Southern ___MASK38___ is the southernmost region of the African continent , variably defined by ___MASK42___ or geopolitics , and including several countries . The term " southern ___MASK38___ " or " Southern ___MASK38___ ", generally includes Angola , Botswana , Lesotho , Malawi , Mozambique , Namibia , South ___MASK38___ , Swaziland , Zambia , and Zimbabwe . From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South ___MASK38___ as a first regional power . Botswana , officially ___MASK10___ of Botswana , is a landlocked ___MASK36___ located in Southern Africa . The citizens refer to themselves as " Batswana " ( singular : " Motswana "). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland , Botswana adopted its new ___MASK50___ after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 ___MASK48___ 1966 . Since then , it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy , with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections . The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of the ___MASK80___ that is east of the prime meridian ( which crosses Greenwich , ___MASK4___ ) and west of the antimeridian . It is also used to refer to Europe , ___MASK45___ , Africa , and Australia , in contrast with the Western Hemisphere , which includes North and South America . This hemisphere may also be called the " Oriental Hemisphere ". In addition , it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the " Old World ". Angola , officially ___MASK10___ of Angola (; Kikongo , Kimbundu and Umbundu : " Repubilika ya Ngola "), is a ___MASK36___ in Southern Africa . It is the seventh - largest ___MASK36___ in Africa and is bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north and east , Zambia to the east , and the ___MASK23___ to west . The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with ___MASK10___ of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . A continent is one of several very large landmasses on ___MASK80___ . Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria , up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents . Ordered from largest in size to smallest , they are : ___MASK45___ , Africa , North America , South America , Antarctica , Europe , and Australia . In geology , areas of continental crust include regions covered with water . Maseru is the capital and largest ___MASK47___ of Lesotho . It is also the capital of the Maseru District . Located on the Caledon River , Maseru lies directly on the Lesotho - South Africa border . Maseru is Lesotho ' s capital ___MASK47___ with a ___MASK72___ of approximately 2 , 160 , 309 ( 2016 ). The ___MASK47___ was established as a police camp and assigned as the capital after the country became a British protectorate in 1869 . When the country achieved independence in 1966 , Maseru retained its status as capital . The name of the ___MASK47___ is a Sesotho word meaning " red sandstones ". ___MASK38___ is the world ' s second - largest and second - most - populous continent . At about 30 . 3 million km² ( 11 . 7 million square miles ) including adjacent ___MASK56___ , it covers 6 % of ___MASK80___ ' s total surface area and 20 . 4 % of its total land area . With 1 . 1 billion people as of 2013 , it accounts for about 15 % of the world ' s human ___MASK72___ . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean ___MASK20___ to the north , both the Suez Canal and the Red ___MASK20___ along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states ( countries ), nine territories and two " de facto " independent states with limited or no recognition . South is a noun , adjective , or adverb indicating direction or ___MASK42___ . It is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points . South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west . The ___MASK57___ , technically the Narrow ___MASK57___ ( as opposed to " Wide Bantu ", a loosely defined categorization which includes other Bantoid languages ), constitute a traditional branch of the Niger  Congo languages . There are about 250 ___MASK57___ by the criterion of mutual intelligibility , though the distinction between ___MASK24___ and dialect is often unclear , and " Ethnologue " counts 535 languages . ___MASK57___ are spoken largely east and south of present - ___MASK83___ Cameroon , that is , in the regions commonly known as Central Africa , Southeast Africa , and Southern Africa . Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other ___MASK24___ families ( see map ). A landlocked ___MASK89___ or landlocked country is a ___MASK98___ entirely enclosed by land , or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas . There are currently 48 such countries , including four partially recognised states . Only two , Bolivia and Paraguay in South America , lie outside Afro - Eurasia ( the Old World ). Sub - Saharan ___MASK38___ is , geographically , the area of the continent of ___MASK38___ that lies south of the ___MASK68___ desert . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the ___MASK68___ . It contrasts with ___MASK9___ , whose territories are ___MASK85___ of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub - Saharan ___MASK38___ , but are likewise Arab states and ___MASK85___ of the Arab world . South ___MASK38___ , officially ___MASK10___ of South ___MASK38___ ( RSA ), is the southernmost ___MASK36___ in ___MASK38___ . It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern ___MASK38___ stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans , on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana and Zimbabwe , and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland , and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho . South ___MASK38___ is the 25th - largest ___MASK36___ in the world by land area , and with close to 56 million people , is the world ' s 24th - most populous nation . It is the southernmost ___MASK36___ on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . It is the only ___MASK36___ that borders both the ___MASK23___ and the Indian Ocean . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub - Saharan African ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining ___MASK72___ consists of ___MASK38___ ' s largest communities of European ( white ), Asian ( Indian ), and multiracial ( coloured ) ancestry . Sani Pass is located in the West of KwaZulu - Natal , South ___MASK38___ on the ___MASK86___ between Underberg , KwaZulu - Natal and Mokhotlong , Lesotho . A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form of a peak . A mountain is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface of the ___MASK80___ . Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge mountain ranges . Geopolitics ( from Greek  " ge " " ___MASK80___ , land " and  " politik " " politics ") is the study of the effects of ___MASK42___ ( human and physical ) on international politics and international relations . Geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to understand , explain and predict international political behavior through geographical variables . These include area studies , climate , topography , ___MASK90___ , natural resources , and applied science of the region being evaluated . Malawi ( or ; or [ maláwi ]), officially ___MASK10___ of Malawi , is a landlocked ___MASK36___ in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland . It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest , Tanzania to the northeast , and Mozambique on the east , south and west . The ___MASK36___ is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi . Malawi is over with an estimated ___MASK72___ of ___MASK64___ , 777 , 547 ( July 2013 est .). Its capital is Lilongwe , which is also Malawi ' s largest city ; the second largest is Blantyre , the third is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba . The name Malawi comes from the Maravi , an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area . The ___MASK36___ is also nicknamed " The Warm Heart of Africa ". Zimbabwe , officially ___MASK10___ of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked ___MASK36___ located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that ___MASK36___ . The capital and largest ___MASK47___ is Harare . A ___MASK36___ of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has ___MASK64___ official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Mafadi ( Afrikaans : Mafadipiek ) is a peak on the border of South ___MASK38___ and Lesotho . At a height of 3 , 450 metres ( 11 , 320 ft ) , it is the highest mountain in South ___MASK38___ , but is lower than Thabana Ntlenyana , the highest peak in Lesotho which is , at 3 , 482 metres ( 11 , 424 ft ) , the highest point in Southern ___MASK38___ . Mafadi lies at S 29 12 08 . 4 E 29 21 25 . 5 in the WGS84 format . The ___MASK6___ ( Afrikaans : Drakensberge , isiZulu : uKhahlamba , SeSotho : Maluti ) is the ___MASK50___ given to the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment , which encloses the central Southern African plateau . The Great Escarpment reaches its greatest elevation in this region  . In ___MASK42___ , regions are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical ___MASK42___ ), human impact characteristics ( human ___MASK42___ ), and the interaction of humanity and the environment ( environmental ___MASK42___ ). Geographic regions and sub - regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined , and sometimes transitory boundaries , except in human ___MASK42___ , where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law . Thabana Ntlenyana , which literally means " Beautiful little mountain " in Sesotho , is the highest point in Lesotho and the highest mountain in southern ___MASK38___ . It is situated on the Mohlesi ridge of the ___MASK6___ / Maloti Mountains , north of Sani Pass . It stands at high . The Indian ___MASK8___ is the third largest of the world ' s oceanic divisions , covering ( approximately 20 % of the water on the ___MASK80___ ' s surface ). It is bounded by ___MASK45___ on the north , on the west by Africa , on the east by Australia , and on the south by the Southern ___MASK8___ or , depending on definition , by Antarctica . It is named after the country of India . The Indian ___MASK8___ is known as " Ratnkara ", "" the mine of gems "" in ancient Sanskrit literature , and as " Hind Mahsgar ", "" the great Indian sea "", in Hindi . Mozambique ( or ), officially ___MASK10___ of Mozambique ( or "") is a ___MASK36___ in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian ___MASK8___ to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The capital and largest city is Maputo ( known as " Lourenço Marques " before independence ). ___MASK42___ ( from Greek , " geographia ", literally " earth description ") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands , the features , the inhabitants , and the phenomena of Earth . The first person to use the word "  " was Eratosthenes ( 276  194 BC ). ___MASK42___ is an all - encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexities  not merely where objects are , but how they have changed and come to be . It is often defined in terms of the two branches of human ___MASK42___ and physical ___MASK42___ . The four historical traditions in geographical research are : spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena , area studies of places and regions , studies of human - land relationships , and the Earth sciences . ___MASK42___ has been called " the world discipline " and " the ___MASK19___ between the human and the physical sciences ". ___MASK10___ of Zambia is a landlocked ___MASK36___ in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north - east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital ___MASK47___ is Lusaka , in the south - central ___MASK85___ of Zambia . The ___MASK72___ is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the ___MASK36___ . Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho , is an enclaved , landlocked ___MASK36___ in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa . It is just over in size and has a ___MASK72___ slightly over two million . Its capital and largest city is Maseru . The Old World consists of ___MASK38___ , ___MASK41___ , and ___MASK45___ , regarded collectively as the part of the world known to Europeans before contact with the Americas . It is used in the context of , and contrast with , the New World ( Americas ). Swaziland , officially the Kingdom of Swaziland ( or ; Swazi : " Umbuso weSwatini " ; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini ), is a ___MASK98___ in Southern Africa . It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South Africa to its north , west and south . The country and its people take their names from Mswati II , the 19th - century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified . The ___MASK23___ is the second largest of the world ' s oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth ' s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the " Old World " from the " New World ". The Maloti Mountains , also spelled Maluti , are a ___MASK18___ of the highlands of the Kingdom of Lesotho . They extend for about 100 km into the Free State . The Maloti Range is ___MASK85___ of the ___MASK6___ ___MASK39___ that includes ranges across large areas of South Africa .