parent_taxon hippocamelus
In biology , an organism is any contiguous living system , such as an ___MASK11___ , ___MASK45___ , fungus , archaeon , or bacterium . All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli , reproduction , growth and development and homeostasis . An organism consists of one or more cells ; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism ; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism . Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms . Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs . The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south - central Chile and southwestern ___MASK54___ , including parts of present - day ___MASK34___ . The collective term refers to a wide - ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social , religious and economic structure , as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers . Their influence once extended from the Aconcagua River to the Chiloé Archipelago and spread later eastward to the Argentine pampa . Today the collective group makes up over 80 % of the indigenous peoples in Chile , and about 9 % of the total Chilean population . They are particularly concentrated in Araucanía . Many have migrated to the Santiago area for economic opportunities . ___MASK54___ , officially the Argentine Republic , is a federal republic in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of , ___MASK54___ is the eighth - largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish - speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty - three provinces ( singular " provincia ") and one autonomous city (" ciudad autónoma "), Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages . Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just " binomial "), a binomen or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name . The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus . For example , humans belong to the genus " ___MASK66___ " and within this genus to the species " ___MASK66___ sapiens ". The " formal " introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work " Species Plantarum " in 1753 . But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1623 , had introduced in his book " Pinax theatri botanici " ( English , " Illustrated exposition of plants ") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus . Mapudungun ( from ' ' earth , land ' and ' ' speak , speech ') is a language isolate spoken in south - central Chile and west central ___MASK54___ by the Mapuche people ( from " mapu " ' earth ' and " che " ' people '). It is also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu . It was formerly known as Araucanian , the name given to the Mapuche by the Spaniards ; the Mapuche avoid it as a remnant of Spanish colonialism , and it is considered offensive . Chile , officially the Republic of Chile , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , ___MASK54___ to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty . The taruca (" ___MASK14___ antisensis "), or north Andean ___MASK28___ , is a species of ___MASK28___ native to South America . ___MASK28___ ( singular and plural ) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae . The two main groups are the ___MASK29___ , including the muntjac , the fallow deer and the chital , and the ___MASK83___ , including the elk , reindeer ( caribou ), the Western roe deer , and the Eurasian elk ( moose ). Female reindeer , and male deer of all species ( except the Chinese water deer ), grow and shed new antlers each year . In this they differ from permanently horned antelope , which are in the same order , Artiodactyla . ___MASK14___ is a genus of Cervidae , the ___MASK28___ family . It comprises two Andean species , commonly known as the huemul ( from the Mapuche language ) , and the taruca . Both species have a stocky , thick , and short - legged body . They live at high altitudes in the summer , then move down the mountains in the fall and spend the winter in sheltered forested valleys . Areas with fresh water are preferred . They are herbivores that feed primarily on herbaceous plants and shrubs as well as sedges , lichens , and grasses found between the rocks on high peaks . They are active during daytime and have a lifespan of about ten years . A genus ( genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology . In the hierarchy of biological classification , genus comes above species and below family . In binomial nomenclature , the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus .