place_of_death charles kleinsmith
The ___MASK63___ , also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor , the Hawaii Operation or Operation AI by the Japanese ___MASK82___ General Headquarters , and Operation Z during planning , was a surprise military strike by the ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii Territory , on the morning of December 7 , 1941 . The attack led to the United States ' entry into World War II . World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world ' s nations  including all of the great powers  eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the ___MASK69___ widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of " total war ", the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and ___MASK80___ ), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy ( IJN ; Kyjitai : Shinjitai : "" or " Nippon Kaigun ", " Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire ") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945 , when it was dissolved following Japan ' s defeat and surrender in World War II . It was controlled by the ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy General Staff and the Ministry of the Navy , both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the navy . The Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force ( JMSDF ) was formed after the dissolution of the IJN . The ___MASK55___ has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10 , and subsequently structured and organized by Title 10 , Title 14 , Title 32 and Title 42 of the United States Code . ___MASK20___ Ames Spruance ( July 3 , 1886  December 13 , 1969 ) was a United States Navy admiral in World War II . A military ___MASK18___ is an international agreement concerning national security , when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance . Military alliances differ from coalitions , as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known . The Royal Air Force ( RAF ) is the ___MASK95___ ' s aerial warfare force . Formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918 , it is the oldest independent air force in the world . Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as , at the time , the largest air force in the world . Since its formation , the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history , in particular , playing a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign , the Battle of Britain . An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase , equipped with a full - length flight deck and facilities for carrying , arming , deploying , and recovering aircraft . Typically , it is the capital ship of a ___MASK41___ , as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations . Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets . Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear - powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes , strike aircraft , helicopters , and other types of aircraft . ___MASK43___ is a lagoon harbor on the island of ___MASK33___ , ___MASK90___ , west of ___MASK62___ . Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep - water naval base . It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet . The U . S . government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887 . The attack on ___MASK43___ by the Empire of Japan on December 7 , 1941 was the immediate cause of the United States ' entry into World War II . The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of ___MASK59___ and ___MASK80___ on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , during the final stage of World War II . The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the ___MASK95___ as outlined in the ___MASK2___ Agreement . The two bombings , which killed at least 129 , 000 people , remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history . Frank Jack Fletcher ( April 29 , 1885  April 25 , 1973 ) was an admiral in the United States Navy during World War II . Fletcher was the operational commander at the pivotal Battles of Coral ___MASK61___ and of Midway . As a lieutenant , Fletcher was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in battle at Veracruz . He was the nephew of Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher , who was also awarded the Medal of Honor for actions at Veracruz . Naval warfare is combat in and on the ___MASK61___ , the ocean , or any other major body of water such as a large lake or wide river . A reserve ___MASK41___ is a collection of naval vessels of all types that are fully equipped for service but are not currently needed , and thus partially or fully decommissioned . A reserve ___MASK41___ is informally said to be " in mothballs " or " mothballed "; an equivalent expression in unofficial modern U . S . naval usage is " ghost ___MASK41___ ". In earlier times , and especially in British usage , these ships were said to be " laid up in ordinary ". The ___MASK99___ of the Coral ___MASK61___ , fought during 4  8 May 1942 , was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia . The battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other , as well as the first in which neither side ' s ships sighted or fired directly upon the other . Sir John Desmond Patrick Keegan ( 15 May 1934  2 ___MASK54___ 2012 ) was a British military historian , lecturer , writer and journalist . He was the author of many published works on the nature of combat between the 14th and 21st centuries concerning land , air , maritime , and intelligence warfare , as well as the psychology of ___MASK99___ . The British Armed Forces form the military of the ___MASK95___ , tasked with defence of the country , its overseas territories , and the Crown dependencies . They also promote the UK ' s wider interests , support international peacekeeping efforts , and provide humanitarian aid . The ___MASK65___ Treaty Organization ( NATO '), also called the ___MASK65___ ___MASK18___ , is an intergovernmental military ___MASK18___ based on the ___MASK65___ Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949 . The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party . Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear - weapon states : the United States , France and the United Kingdom . NATO ' s headquarters are located in Haren , Brussels , Belgium , where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides . Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe , the newest of which , Albania and ___MASK64___ , joined in April 2009 . An additional 22 countries participate in NATO ' s Partnership for Peace program , with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes . The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70 % of the global total . Members ' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2 % of GDP . The Holocaust ( from the Greek ': " hólos ", " whole " and " kaustós ", " burnt "), also referred to as the Shoah "' ( Hebrew : , " HaShoah ", " the catastrophe "), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler ' s ___MASK85___ and its collaborators killed about six million Jews . The victims included 1 . 5 million children and represented about two - thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe . Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non - Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders , bringing the total to about 11 million . Killings took place throughout ___MASK85___ , German - occupied territories , and territories held by allies of ___MASK85___ . Yamamoto held several important posts in the ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy , and undertook many of its changes and reorganizations , especially its development of naval aviation . He was the commander - in - chief during the decisive early years of the Pacific War and so was responsible for major battles such as Pearl Harbor and Midway . He died when American codebreakers identified his flight plans and his plane was shot down . His death was a major blow to Japanese military morale during World War II . The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States . The U . S . Navy is the largest , ___MASK69___ capable navy in the world , with the highest combined ___MASK99___ fleet tonnage . The U . S . Navy has the world ' s largest aircraft carrier fleet , with ten in service , two in the reserve fleet , and three new carriers under construction . The service has 323 , 792 personnel on active duty and 108 , 515 in the Navy Reserve . It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3 , 700 aircraft in active service . The ___MASK99___ of Midway was a decisive naval ___MASK99___ in the Pacific Theater of World War II . Between 4 and 7 June 1942 , only six months after Japan ' s ___MASK63___ and one month after the ___MASK99___ of the Coral ___MASK61___ , the United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz , Frank Jack Fletcher , and Raymond A . Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the ___MASK82___ Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto , Chuichi Nagumo , and Nobutake Kondo near Midway Atoll , inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable . Military historian John Keegan called it " the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare ." A petty officer ( PO ) is a non - commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR - 6 . They are equal in rank to sergeant in the British Army and Royal Air Force . A petty officer is superior in rank to leading rate and subordinate to chief petty officer , in the case of the British armed forces . Charles Kleinsmith ( September 28 , 1904 -- June 4 , 1942 ) was a petty officer in the United States Navy who was missing and presumed dead in action during the ___MASK99___ of Midway in World War II . During World War II , the American atomic bombings of ___MASK59___ and ___MASK80___ made ___MASK80___ the second and , to date , last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack . ___MASK67___ Atoll ( also called ___MASK67___ Island and ___MASK67___ Islands ; Hawaiian : " Pihemanu Kauihelani ") is a atoll in the North ___MASK87___ at . As its name suggests , ___MASK67___ is roughly equidistant between North America and Asia . ___MASK67___ Atoll is an unorganized , unincorporated territory of the United States . ___MASK67___ continues to be the only island in the Hawaiian archipelago that is not part of the state of Hawaii . Unlike the other Hawaiian islands , ___MASK67___ observes Samoa Time ( i . e ., eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time ), which is one hour behind the time in the state of Hawaii . For statistical purposes , ___MASK67___ is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands . The ___MASK67___ Atoll National Wildlife Refuge , encompassing of land and water ( mostly water ) in the surrounding area , is administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service ( FWS ). The refuge and most of its surrounding area are part of the larger Papahnaumokukea Marine National Monument . ___MASK59___ is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city ( and later on ___MASK80___ ) at 8 : 15 a . m . on August 6 , 1945 , near the end of World War II . The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the ___MASK95___ . The force was initially administered by the War Office from London , which in 1964 was subsumed into the Ministry of Defence . The professional head of the British Army is the Chief of the General Staff .