country_of_citizenship otto von below
Kobarid is a settlement in ___MASK43___ , the administrative centre of the Municipality of Kobarid . The Battle of Caporetto in 1917 ( also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo , the Battle of Kobarid or the Battle of Karfreit as it was known by the Central Powers ), took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917 , near the town of Kobarid ( now in north - western ___MASK43___ , then part of the Austrian Littoral ), on the Austro - Italian front of World War I . The battle was named after the Italian name of the town ( also known as " Karfreit " in German ). The Central Powers , consisting of ___MASK7___ , , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria  hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance  was one of the two main factions during World War I ( 1914  18 ). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente , after which it was dissolved . The Austrian Littoral (, , ) was established as a crown land (" Kronland ") of the ___MASK61___ in 1849 . It consisted of three regions : the Istria peninsula , Gorizia and Gradisca , and the city of Trieste . Throughout history , the region has been frequently contested , with parts of it controlled at various times by the Republic of ___MASK37___ , Austria - Hungary , Italy , and Yugoslavia among others . ___MASK43___ , officially the Republic of ___MASK43___ ( ___MASK57___ : , abbr .: " RS "), is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by ___MASK9___ to the west , Austria to the north , ___MASK5___ to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers and has a population of 2 . 06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Otto Ernst Vincent Leo von Below ( 18 January 1857 in Danzig ( now Gdask ) -- 15 March 1944 also in Danzig ) was a Prussian general officer in the Imperial German Army during the First World War . He was most notable for his victory in the Battle of Caporetto .