depicts the death of socrates
The Western world or the West is a term usually referring to different nations , depending on the context , most often including at least ___MASK64___ of Europe . There are many accepted definitions about what they all have in common . The Western world is also known as the Occident ( from Latin : " occidens " " ___MASK3___ , West ", as contrasted with Orient ). Rococo ( or ), less commonly roccoco , or " Late Baroque ", is an early to late French 18th - century artistic movement and style , affecting many aspects of the arts including ___MASK4___ , ___MASK14___ , architecture , interior design , decoration , literature , music , and theatre . It developed in the early 18th century in Paris , France as a reaction against the grandeur , symmetry , and strict regulations of the previous Baroque style , especially of the Palace of Versailles , until it was redone . Rococo artists and architects used a more jocular , florid , and graceful approach to the Baroque . Their style was ornate and used light colours , asymmetrical designs , curves , and gold . Unlike the political Baroque , the Rococo had playful and witty themes . The interior decoration of Rococo rooms was designed as a total work of art with elegant and ornate furniture , small sculptures , ornamental mirrors , and tapestry complementing architecture , reliefs , and ___MASK34___ paintings . Jacques - Louis ___MASK30___ ( 30 August 1748  29 December 1825 ) was a French painter in the Neoclassical style , considered to be the preeminent painter of the era . In the 1780s his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo frivolity toward a classical austerity and severity , heightened feeling harmonizing with the moral climate of the final years of the " Ancien Régime ". Crito is a dialogue by the ___MASK1___ philosopher Plato . It depicts a conversation between Socrates and his wealthy friend Crito regarding justice (  ), injustice (  ), and the appropriate response to injustice . Socrates thinks that injustice may not be answered with injustice , and refuses Crito ' s offer to finance his escape from prison . The dialogue contains an ancient statement of the social contract theory of government . Euthyphro , [ ca . 399  395 BCE ], by Plato , is a dialogue whose events occur in the weeks before the ___MASK12___ ( 399 BCE ), for which Socrates and Euthyphro attempt to establish a definitive meaning for the word " piety " ( holiness ). Phædo or Phaedo (" Phaidn "), also known to ancient readers as " On The Soul ", is one of the best - known dialogues of Plato ' s middle period , along with the " Republic " and the " ___MASK56___ ". The " Phaedo ", which depicts the death of Socrates , is also Plato ' s fourth and last dialogue to detail the philosopher ' s final days , following " Euthyphro ", " Apology ", and " Crito ". A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy , which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science . The term " philosopher " comes from the ___MASK1___ (" philosophos ") meaning " lover of wisdom ". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ). ___MASK30___ Joseph Bohm FRS ( December 20 , 1917  October 27 , 1992 ) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory , neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind . Classical ___MASK82___ was a period of around 200 years ( 5th and 4th centuries BC ) in Greek culture . This Classical period ___MASK29___ the annexation of much of modern - ___MASK66___ ___MASK82___ by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence . Classical ___MASK82___ had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization . Much of modern Western politics , artistic thought ( architecture , sculpture ), scientific thought , theatre , literature , and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history . In the context of the art , architecture , and culture of Ancient ___MASK82___ , the Classical period , sometimes called the Hellenic period , corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC ( the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC ). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period . ___MASK95___ is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom . It is the British section of the International Commission of Jurists , the international human rights organisation of lawyers devoted to the legal protection of human rights worldwide . Consequently , members of ___MASK95___ are predominantly barristers and solicitors , judges , legal academics , and law students . Socratic dialogue is a genre of literary prose developed in ___MASK82___ at the turn of the fourth century BCE . It is preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon . The ___MASK17___ of moral and philosophical problems between two or more characters in a dialogue is an illustration of one version of the Socratic method . The dialogues are either dramatic or narrative and Socrates is often the main participant . History ___MASK4___ is a genre in ___MASK4___ defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style . History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story , rather than a specific and static subject , as in a ___MASK16___ . The term is derived from the wider senses of the word " historia " in Latin and Italian , meaning " story " or " narrative ", and essentially means " story ___MASK4___ ". Most history paintings are not of scenes from history , especially paintings from before about 1850 . In modern English , historical ___MASK4___ is sometimes used to describe the ___MASK4___ of scenes from history in its narrower sense , especially for 19th - century art , excluding religious , mythological and allegorical subjects , which are included in the broader term history ___MASK4___ , and before the 19th century were the most common subjects for history paintings . Martin Buber (, ; February 8 , 1878  June 13 , 1965 ) was an Austrian - born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue , a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I  Thou relationship and the I  It relationship . Born in Vienna , Buber came from a ___MASK46___ of observant Jews , but broke with Jewish custom to pursue secular studies in philosophy . In 1902 , he became the editor of the weekly " Die Welt ", the central organ of the Zionist movement , although he later withdrew from organizational work in Zionism . In 1923 , Buber wrote his famous essay on existence , " Ich und Du " ( later translated into English as " I and Thou "), and in 1925 , he began translating the Hebrew Bible into the German language . The ___MASK48___ of Socrates ( French : La Mort de Socrate ) is a 1787 oil on canvas painting by the French painter Jacques - Louis ___MASK30___ . Like many of his works from that decade , the painting focuses on a classical subject , in this case the story of the execution of Socrates , as told by Plato in his Phaedo . In this story , Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and introducing strange gods , and has been sentenced to die by drinking poison hemlock . Socrates , rather than fleeing when the opportunity arises , uses his death as a final lesson for his pupils , and faces it calmly . The Phaedo , which depicts the death of Socrates , is also Plato ' s fourth and last dialogue to detail the philosopher ' s final days , which is also detailed in Euthyphro , Apology , and Crito . In the painting , an old man in a white robe sits upright on a bed , one hand extended over a cup , the other gesturing in the air . He is surrounded by other men of varying ages , most showing emotional distress , unlike the stoic old man . The young man handing him the cup looks the other way , with his face in his free hand . Another young man clutches the thigh of the old man . An elderly man sits at the end of the bed , slumped over and looking in his lap . To the left of the painting , the ___MASK34___ becomes an arch , with more men in the background . The Ancien Régime ( Former Regime ) was the monarchic , aristocratic , social and political system established in the Kingdom of France from approximately the 15th century until the latter ___MASK64___ of the 18th century (" early modern France ") under the late Valois and Bourbon dynasties . The term is occasionally used to refer to the similar feudal social and political order of the time elsewhere in Europe . The administrative and social structures of the Ancien Régime were the result of years of state - ___MASK84___ , legislative acts ( like the Ordinance of Villers - Cotterêts ), internal conflicts and civil wars , but they remained a patchwork of local privilege and historic differences until the French Revolution ended the system . Dialogue ( sometimes spelled dialog in U . S . English ) is a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more ___MASK89___ , and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange . As a narrative , philosophical or didactic device , it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato , but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature . In the 20th century , philosophical treatments of dialogue emerged from thinkers including Mikhail Bakhtin , Paulo Freire , Martin Buber , and ___MASK30___ Bohm . Although diverging in many details , these thinkers have articulated a holistic concept of dialogue as a multi - dimensional , dynamic and context - dependent process of creating meaning . Educators such as Freire and Ramón Flecha have also developed a body of theory and technique for using egalitarian dialogue as a pedagogical tool . ___MASK19___ is a form of interactive , spontaneous communication between two or more ___MASK89___ . Typically , it occurs in spoken communication , as written exchanges are usually not referred to as conversations . Ramón Flecha is a professor of sociology at the University of ___MASK28___ , Doctor Honoris Causa from West University of Timioara , and a renowned researcher in social sciences in Europe . Alain Touraine commented about Flecha ' s contribution : An academy ( Attic Greek :  ; Koine Greek  ) is an institution of secondary ___MASK80___ , higher learning , research , or honorary membership . In spiritual terminology , piety is a ___MASK83___ that may include religious devotion , spirituality , or a mixture of both . A common element in most conceptions of piety is humility and religiosity . Plato ( Greek : " Plátn ", in Classical Attic ; 428 / 427 or 424 / 423  348 / 347 BCE ) was a philosopher in Classical ___MASK82___ and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato ' s entire " œuvre " is believed to have survived intact for over 2 , 400 years . Egalitarian dialogue is a dialogue in which contributions are considered according to the validity of their reasoning , instead of according to the status or position of power of those who make them . Although previously used widely in the social sciences and in reference to the Bakhtinian philosophy of dialogue , it was first systematically applied to dialogical ___MASK80___ by Ramón Flecha in his 2000 work " Sharing Words . Theory and Practice of Dialogic Learning ". The ___MASK12___ ( 399 BCE ) was held to determine the philosopher  s guilt of two charges : " asebeia " ( impiety ) against the pantheon of Athens , and corruption of the youth of the city - state ; the accusers cited two impious acts by Socrates :  failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges  and  introducing new deities .