original_language_of_work sakuran
Sakuran (  , lit . `` Derangement '' ) , is a manga series created by Moyoco Anno . The manga is about a girl , Kiyoha ( though she goes through different names while growing up the hierarchy ) who becomes a tayu or oiran courtesan . North American publisher Vertical Inc released it in ___MASK8___ in July 2012 . Japan (" Nippon " or " Nihon " ; formally "" or " Nihon - koku ", means " State of Japan ") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia . Located in the Pacific Ocean , It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland ( east of China , Korea , ___MASK82___ ) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest . Kanji , or " kan ' ji ", are the adopted logographic ___MASK6___ characters (') that are used in the modern ___MASK33___ writing system along with hiragana and katakana . The ___MASK33___ term " kanji " for the ___MASK6___ characters literally means " Han characters " and is written using the same characters as the ___MASK6___ word '. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures . Scholars have posited a pre - history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings . By the mid - 20th century , comics flourished particularly in the United States , western Europe ( especially in France and Belgium ), and Japan . The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer ' s cartoon strips of the 1830s , and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as " The Adventures of Tintin ". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips ; magazine - style comic books followed in the 1930s , in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938 . Histories of ___MASK33___ comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century . Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century , and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post - World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka . had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history , but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia . , established in 1999 , is the holding company at the head of a ___MASK33___ corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan . It started as , which was founded by Sk Koike in November 1967 and became known for its music charts . Oricon Inc . was originally set up as a subsidiary of Original Confidence and took over the latter  s Oricon record charts in April 2002 . The term " manga " ( kanji : ; hiragana : ; katakana : or ) in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning . " Manga " as a term used outside Japan refers to comics originally published in Japan . Hiragana and katakana are both kana systems . With one or two minor exceptions , each sound in the ___MASK33___ language ( strictly , each mora ) is represented by one character ( or one digraph ) in each system . This may be either a vowel such as "" a "" ( hiragana  ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as "" ka "" (  ); or "" n "" (  ), a nasal sonorant which , depending on the context , sounds either like English " m ", " n ", or " ng ", or like the nasal vowels of French . Because the characters of the kana do not represent single consonants ( except in the case of  " n "), the kana are referred to as syllabaries and not alphabets . In contrast to the hiragana syllabary , which is used for those ___MASK33___ language words and grammatical inflections which kanji does not cover , the katakana syllabary usage is quite similar to italics in English ; specifically , it is used for transcription of foreign language words into ___MASK33___ and the writing of loan words ( collectively " gairaigo "); for emphasis ; to represent onomatopoeia ; for technical and scientific terms ; and for names of plants , animals , minerals , and often ___MASK33___ companies . Works . Her manga and books have attained considerable popularity among young women in Japan . Though she primarily writes manga of the josei demographic , her most popular series , " Sugar Sugar Rune ", ( serialized in " Nakayoshi ") is targeted at primary school - aged girls . In a recent Oricon poll , she was voted the number eight most popular manga artist among females and thirteen in the general category . Her manga " Happy Mania " was made into a television series in 1998 , followed by " Hataraki Man " in October 2007 . " Sakuran " was made into a movie in 2006 . Etymology . The word " oiran " comes from the ___MASK33___ phrase which translates into " my elder sister ." When written in kanji , the word consists of two characters ,  meaning " flower ", and  meaning " leader " or " first ." Technically , only the high - class prostitutes of Yoshiwara were called " oiran ", although the term is widely applied to all .