instance_of superbit
, formerly known as , is a Japanese multinational ___MASK22___ corporation headquartered in Kadoma , Osaka , Japan . A ___MASK46___ player is a device that plays discs produced under both the ___MASK46___ - Video and ___MASK46___ - Audio technical standards , two different and incompatible standards . Some ___MASK46___ players ___MASK63___ also ___MASK80___ audio CDs . ___MASK46___ players are connected to a television to watch the ___MASK46___ content , which could be a movie , a recorded TV show , or other content . In computing and optical disc recording technologies , an optical disc ( OD ) is a flat , usually circular disc which encodes binary ___MASK29___ ( bits ) in the form of pits ( binary value of 0 or off , due to lack of reflection when read ) and lands ( binary value of ___MASK66___ or on , due to a reflection when read ) on a special material ( often aluminium ) on one of its flat surfaces . The encoding material sits atop a thicker substrate ( usually polycarbonate ) which makes up the bulk of the disc and forms a dust defocusing layer . The encoding pattern follows a continuous , spiral ___MASK3___ covering the entire disc surface and extending from the innermost track to the outermost track . The ___MASK29___ is stored on the disc with a laser or stamping machine , and can be accessed when the ___MASK29___ ___MASK3___ is illuminated with a laser diode in an optical disc drive which spins the disc at speeds of about 200 to 4 , 000 RPM or more , depending on the drive type , disc format , and the distance of the read head from the center of the disc ( inner tracks are read at a higher disc speed ). Most optical discs exhibit a characteristic iridescence as a result of the diffraction grating formed by its grooves . This side of the disc contains the actual ___MASK29___ and is typically coated with a transparent material , usually lacquer . The reverse side of an optical disc usually has a printed label , sometimes made of paper but often printed or stamped onto the disc itself . Unlike the 3 - inch floppy disk , most optical discs do not have an integrated protective casing and are therefore susceptible to ___MASK29___ transfer problems due to scratches , fingerprints , and other environmental problems . In telecommunications and computing , bit rate ( sometimes written bitrate or as a ___MASK47___ " R ") is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of ___MASK41___ . Sony ___MASK83___ is the ___MASK22___ business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group , which is engaged in business through its four operating components  ___MASK22___ ( video games , network services and medical business ), ___MASK100___ pictures , music and financial services . These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world . Sony ' s principal business operations include Sony ___MASK83___ , Sony Pictures Entertainment , Sony Interactive Entertainment , Sony Music Entertainment , Sony Mobile ( formerly Sony Ericsson ) and Sony Financial . Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013 , the fourth - largest television manufacturer in the world , after Samsung Electronics , LG Electronics and TCL . Dolby Laboratories , Inc . ( often shortened to Dolby Labs ) is an American ___MASK94___ specializing in audio noise reduction and audio encoding / compression . Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer ___MASK22___ manufacturers . Toshiba was founded in 1938 as Tokyo Shibaura Electric K . K . through the merger of Shibaura Seisaku - sho ( founded in 1875 ) and Tokyo Denki ( founded in 1890 ). The ___MASK94___ name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978 . Toshiba made a large number of corporate acquisitions during its ___MASK1___ , including of Semp in 1977 , of Westinghouse Electric LLC , a nuclear energy ___MASK94___ in 2006 , of Landis + Gyr in 2011 , and of IBM ' s point - of - sale business in 2012 . Compact disc ( CD ) is a digital optical disc ___MASK29___ storage ___MASK76___ released in 1982 and co - developed by Philips and Sony . The ___MASK76___ was originally developed to store and ___MASK80___ only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of ___MASK29___ ( CD - ROM ). Several other formats were further derived from these , including write - once audio and ___MASK29___ storage ( CD - R ), rewritable media ( CD - RW ), Video Compact Disc ( VCD ), Super Video Compact Disc ( SVCD ), Photo CD , PictureCD , CD - i , and Enhanced Music CD . Audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982 , when the first commercially available CD player was released in Japan . Dolby Digital is the ___MASK92___ for audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories . It was originally named Dolby Stereo Digital until 1994 . Except for Dolby TrueHD , the audio compression is lossy . The first use of Dolby Digital was to provide digital ___MASK49___ in cinemas from 35mm film prints . It is now also used for other applications such as TV broadcast , DVDs , Blu - ray Discs and game consoles . ___MASK46___ ( an abbreviation of " digital versatile disc " or " digital video disc ") is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips , Sony , Toshiba , and Panasonic in 1995 . The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for ___MASK52___ and other computer files as well as video programs watched using ___MASK46___ players . DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions . Dolby Stereo is Dolby Laboratories ' ___MASK30___ for its various stereo sound formats . Koninklijke Philips N . V . ( Royal Philips , commonly known as Philips ) is a Dutch ___MASK88___ headquartered in Amsterdam with primary divisions focused in the areas of electronics , healthcare and lighting . It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 , by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik . It is one of the largest electronics companies in the world and employs around 105 , 000 people across more than 60 countries . Superbit was a brand of premium ___MASK46___ - Video versions of ___MASK100___ pictures from Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment , a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment . Superbit DVDs aimed to improve picture quality over a standard ___MASK46___ edition of a feature by increasing the bit rate of the encoded video . Audio quality was also improved by the mandatory inclusion of both Dolby Digital and DTS 5 . 1 surround audio tracks . The bit is a basic ___MASK40___ in computing and digital communications . A bit can have only one of two values , and may therefore be physically implemented with a two - state device . These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term " bit " is a portmanteau of binary digit . In ___MASK5___ , the bit is equivalent to the unit " shannon ", named after Claude Shannon . Computing is any ___MASK98___ - oriented activity requiring , benefiting from , or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm  e . g . through computers . Computing includes designing , developing and building hardware and software systems ; processing , structuring , and managing various kinds of information ; doing scientific research on and with computers ; making computer systems behave intelligently ; and creating and using communications and entertainment media . The field of computing includes computer engineering , software engineering , computer science , information systems , and information technology . Dolby TrueHD is a lossless multi - ___MASK38___ ___MASK91___ developed by Dolby Laboratories which is used in home - entertainment equipment such as Blu - ray Disc players and A / V receivers . It is one of the successors to the Dolby Digital ( AC - 3 ) surround ___MASK49___ codec , which is used as the audio standard for the DVD - Video format . In this application , Dolby TrueHD competes with DTS - HD Master Audio , a lossless codec from DTS .