member_of_political_party robert guthrie 
The ___MASK22___ , also called the armed forces , are forces authorized to use deadly force , and weapons , to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens . The task of the ___MASK22___ is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens , and the prosecution of war against another state . The ___MASK22___ may also have additional sanctioned and non - sanctioned functions within a society , including , the promotion of a political agenda , protecting corporate economic interests , internal population control , construction , emergency services , social ceremonies , and guarding important areas . The ___MASK22___ can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society , through the development of separate infrastructures , which may include housing , schools , utilities , food production and banking . East Timor or Timor - Leste ( Tetum : " Timór Lorosa ' e "), officially the Democratic ___MASK54___ of Timor - Leste , is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia . It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor ; the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco ; and Oecusse , an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor . The country ' s size is about 15 , 410 km ( 5 , 400 sq mi ). Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian : ), officially the ___MASK54___ of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world ' s largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At , Indonesia is the world ' s 14th - largest country in terms of land area and world ' s 7th - largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world ' s fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim - majority country . The world ' s most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country ' s population . Vanuatu ( or ; Bislama ), officially the ___MASK54___ of Vanuatu ( Bislama : " Ripablik blong Vanuatu "), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean . The archipelago , which is of volcanic origin , is some east of northern Australia , northeast of New Caledonia , east of New Guinea , southeast of the Solomon Islands , and west of Fiji . National service is a common name for a system of either compulsory or voluntary government service ( usually ___MASK22___ service , also known as conscription ). The term became standard British usage after the National Service ( Armed Forces ) Act 1939 , and has been applied to such voluntary enrollments as the US Peace Corps and AmeriCorps . Many young people spent one or more years in such programmes . Compulsory ___MASK22___ service typically requires all male citizens to enroll for one or two years , usually at age 18 ( later for university - level students ), while Voluntary national service requires only three months of basic ___MASK22___ training . The US equivalent is Selective Service . The Parliament of South Australia at Parliament House , Adelaide is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia . It consists of the 47 - seat House of Assembly ( lower house ) and the 22 - seat Legislative Council ( upper house ). All of the lower house and half of the upper house is filled at each election . It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government . The fourth - term South Australian Branch of the ___MASK93___ has been in government since the 2002 election . The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ). Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation . ___MASK58___ Clyde is a river , that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland . It is the eighth - longest river in the United Kingdom , and the second - longest in Scotland . Flowing through the major city of Glasgow , it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire . In the early medieval Cumbric language it was known as " Clud " or " Clut ", and was central to the Kingdom of Strathclyde (" Teyrnas Ystrad Clut "). Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland , and third largest in the United Kingdom . Historically part of Lanarkshire , it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland . It is situated on ___MASK58___ Clyde in the country ' s West Central Lowlands . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians . Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world ' s sixth - largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north - east ; and New Zealand to the south - east . Australia ' s capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . Joseph Vardon ( 27 July 1843  20 July 1913 ) was an Australian politician . Born in Adelaide , South Australia , he received a primary education before becoming a farm worker and apprentice printer , running his own printing business by 1871 . He sat on Hindmarsh , Unley , and Adelaide City councils , and was President of the South Australian ___MASK74___ ___MASK97___ . In 1906 , he was elected to the Australian Senate as an Anti - Socialist Senator for South Australia , but his election was declared void on 31 May 1907 . The South Australian Labor Government attempted to install James O ' Loghlin in the vacancy , but this appointment was also declared void , ordering a special election . Vardon and O ' Loghlin both contested the election , with Vardon winning with 53 . 7 % of the vote . He was defeated in 1913 , by now a member of the Commonwealth ___MASK23___ . Proportional representation (" PR ") characterizes electoral systems by which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body . If " n "% of the electorate support a particular political party , then roughly " n "% of seats will be won by that party . The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result : not just a plurality , or a bare majority , of them . Proportional representation requires the use of multiple - member voting districts ( also called super - districts ); it is not ___MASK64___ using single - member districts alone . In fact , the most proportional representation is achieved when just one super - district is used . The Legislative Council , or upper house , is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia . Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the lower house , the House of Assembly . It sits in Parliament House in the state capital , Adelaide . The fourth - term South Australian Branch of the ___MASK93___ has been in government since the 2002 election . Edward Charles Vardon ( 10 November 1866  23 February 1937 ) was an Australian politician . Born in Adelaide , South Australia , he was the son of Joseph Vardon , later an Australian Senator . He was educated at North Adelaide Grammar School before becoming chairman of the family printing company . From 1910 - 1912 , he served as President of the South Australian Chamber of Manufacturers , and was the ___MASK74___ member for Sturt in the South Australian House of Assembly 1918 - 1921 . On 16 February 1921 , he was appointed to the Australian Senate as a Nationalist , filling the casual vacancy caused by the death of Senator Robert Guthrie . The appointment lapsed due to lack of confirmation by the South Australian Parliament , but he was re - appointed on 9 August . He contested the 1922 election as a member of the ___MASK23___ , a group of disaffected Nationalists opposing the leadership of Prime Minister Billy Hughes . He was defeated , and died in 1937 . The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , it includes the island of Great Britain ( the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country ), the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe ___MASK54___ of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of , the UK is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st - most populous country , with an estimated 65 . 1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European ___MASK97___ . ___MASK22___ service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia , whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft ( conscription ). Some nations ( e . g ., Mexico ) require a specific amount of ___MASK22___ service from every citizen ( except for special cases , such as physical or mental disorders or religious beliefs , and most countries that have conscription only conscript men ). A nation with a fully volunteer ___MASK22___ does not normally require mandatory ___MASK22___ service from its citizens , unless it is faced with a recruitment crisis during a time of war . Papua New Guinea ( PNG Hiri Motu : " Papua Niu Gini "), officially the ___MASK41___ State of Papua New Guinea , is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia , a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia . Its capital , located along its southeastern coast , is Port Moresby . The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua . Conscription , or drafting , is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service , most often a ___MASK22___ service . Conscription dates back to antiquity and continues in some countries to the present day under various names . The modern system of near - universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s , where it became the basis of a very large and powerful ___MASK22___ . Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime , so that men at a certain age would serve 1  8 years on active duty and then transfer to the reserve force . Robert Storrie Guthrie ( 17 November 1857 -- 20 January 1921 ) was a Scottish - born Australian politician . He was educated at Glasgow before becoming a seaman and migrating to Australia in 1887 . He was South Australian Secretary and Federal President of the Seamens ' ___MASK97___ before entering the South Australian Legislative Council as a Labor member in 1891 . In 1903 he left the Council to contest the Australian Senate , in which he was successful . Originally a Labor Senator , he left the party in the wake of the 1916 split over conscription , joining the Nationalist Party . He died in 1921 , necessitating the appointment of Nationalist Edward Vardon to replace him . The French Revolution was a period of far - reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799 , and was partially carried ___MASK3___ by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire . The Revolution overthrew the monarchy , established a republic , experienced violent periods of political turmoil , and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond . Inspired by liberal and radical ideas , the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history , triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies . Through the Revolutionary Wars , it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East . Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history . Active duty refers to a full - time occupation as part of a ___MASK22___ force , as opposed to reserve duty . In the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations the equivalent term is active service . The House of Assembly , or lower house , is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia . The other is the Legislative Council . It sits in Parliament House in the state capital , Adelaide . The fourth - term South Australian Branch of the ___MASK93___ has been in government since the 2002 election .