member_of_political_party rahmon nabiyev
Tajikistan (, or ), officially the ___MASK85___ of Tajikistan (" Çumhuriji Toçikiston "), is a mountainous , landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013 , and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kyrgyzstan to the north , and China to the east . Pakistan lies to the south , separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor . Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present - day Tajikistan , Afghanistan and Uzbekistan . Watergate was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s , following a break - in at the Democratic ___MASK73___ ( DNC ) headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington , D . C . in 1972 and President Richard Nixon ' s administration ' s attempted cover - up of its involvement . When the conspiracy was discovered and investigated by the U . S . Congress , the Nixon administration ' s resistance to its probes led to a constitutional crisis . The President of Tajikistan is the Head of State and highest position within the Government of Tajikistan . The position of President was created in November 1990 while Tajikistan was still a Soviet ___MASK85___ . The president of Tajikistan lives in the capital , Dushanbe . A scandal can be broadly defined as an accusation or accusations that receive wide exposure . Generally there is a negative effect on the credibility of the person or organisation involved . Society is scandalised when it is made aware of blatant breaches of moral norms or legal requirements . In contemporary times , exposure is often made by mass media . Such breaches have typically erupted from greed , lust or the abuse of power . Scandals may be regarded as political , sexual , moral , literary or artistic but often spread from one realm into another . The basis of a scandal may be factual or false , or a combination of both . Contemporary media has the capacity to spread knowledge of a scandal further than in previous centuries and public interest has encouraged many cases of confected scandals relating to well - known people as well as genuine scandals relating to politics and business . Some scandals are revealed by whistleblowers who discover wrongdoing within organizations or groups , such as Deep Throat ( William Mark Felt ) during the Watergate scandal in the 1970s in the United States . Whistleblowers may be protected by laws which are used to obtain information of misdeeds and acts detrimental to their establishments . However , the possibility of scandal has always created a tension between society ' s efforts to reveal wrongdoing and its desire to cover them up . The Eastern Bloc was the group of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe , generally the Soviet ___MASK40___ and the countries of the Warsaw Pact . The terms Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc were also used to denote groupings of states aligned with the Soviet ___MASK40___ , although these terms might include states outside Central and Eastern Europe . The ___MASK61___ of Tajikistan (" Hizbi Komunistii Tojikiston "; ) is a ___MASK61___ in Tajikistan . The First Secretary of the ___MASK61___ of Tajikistan was the head of the ___MASK61___ of Tajikistan and the highest Executive power in the republic of Tajikistan from 1924 until November 1990 . The nomenklatura were a category of people within the Soviet ___MASK40___ and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy running all spheres of those countries ' activity : government , industry , agriculture , education , etc ., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region . Rahmon Nabiyevich Nabiyev ( Tajik :   ; Persian :       , alternative spelling Rakhmon Nabiev ; October 5 , 1930 -- April 11 , 1993 ) served as the First Secretary of the ___MASK61___ of Tajikistan and twice as the President of Tajikistan . He partly instigated the Tajik Civil War . Rising out of the regional nomenklatura , Nabiyev ascended to power in 1982 as First Secretary of the ___MASK61___ of Tajikistan . In 1985 he was ousted in a corruption scandal . After Tajik leaders declared the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan in September 1991 , Nabiyev orchestrated his way back into power on August 31 , only to step down on October 6 as pressure mounted for him to vacate the office during the campaign for the presidential elections . Nabiyev won the elections and on December 2 , 1991 he became the first elected President of Tajikistan . Disputes concerning the election led to opposition street demonstrations , which developed into a civil war in May 1992 . As fighting escalated , Nabiyev ' s own pro - government militias staged a coup d ' état in September 1992 . He resigned office from the safety of his home province of Leninabad . By December 1992 the Kulyab province ' s former apparatchik turned paramilitary - leader , Emomalii Rahmon , was in power . The cause of Rahmon Nabiev ' s death is not clear . Officially , he died of a heart attack , but in other versions of the story , he shot himself , or was killed . A ___MASK61___ is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy . The name originates from the 1848 tract " Manifesto of the ___MASK61___ " by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . According to Leninist theory , a ___MASK61___ is the vanguard party of the working class ( proletariat ), whether ruling or non - ruling , but when such a party is in power in a specific country , the party is said to be the highest authority of the dictatorship of the proletariat . Vladimir Lenin ' s theories on the role of a ___MASK61___ were developed as the early 20th - century Russian social democracy divided into Bolshevik ( meaning "" of the majority "") and Menshevik ( meaning " of the minority ") factions . Lenin , leader of the ___MASK81___ , argued that a revolutionary party should be a small vanguard party with a centralized political command and a strict cadre policy ; the Menshevik faction , however , argued that the party should be a broad - based mass movement . The Bolshevik party , which eventually became the ___MASK77___ , took power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917 . With the creation of the Communist International , the Leninist concept of party building was copied by emerging Communist parties worldwide . A head of state ( or chief of state ) is the public persona that officially represents the national ___MASK91___ and legitimacy of a sovereign state . In developing the current Constitution of France ( 1958 ), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody " the spirit of the nation " (""). In some countries , typically those with parliamentary governments , the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day - to - day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority ( e . g ., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom ). In other countries , the head of state is also the head of government , such as in the U . S ., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who , in practice , oversees the executive branch . The Soviet ___MASK40___ , officially the ___MASK40___ of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . A ___MASK40___ of multiple subnational republics , its government and economy were highly centralized . The Soviet ___MASK40___ was a one - party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital .