date_of_birth cao song
Liu Bei ( ___MASK22___  ___MASK28___ June 223 ), courtesy name Xuande , was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler . Despite early failings compared to his rivals and lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded , he gathered support along disheartened Han loyalists who objected to Cao Cao ' s reign over the emperor and relied heavily on this support . Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm , which at its peak spanned present - day Sichuan , Chongqing , Guizhou , Hunan , parts of Hubei , and parts of Gansu . Yuan Shao ( died ___MASK50___ June 202 ), courtesy name Benchu , was a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil war that occurred towards the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era . He was also an elder half - brother of Yuan Shu , a warlord who controlled the Huai River region , though the two were not on good terms with each other . Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( SRV ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia . With an estimated ___MASK79___ . ___MASK41___ million inhabitants , it is the world ' s 14th - most - populous country , and the eighth - most - populous Asian country . Vietnam is bordered by China to the north , Laos to the northwest , Cambodia to the southwest , Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest , and the Philippines , Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast . Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976 . Luoyang , formerly romanized as Loyang , is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in Central China . It is a prefecture - level city in western Henan province . It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east , Pingdingshan to the southeast , Nanyang to the south , Sanmenxia to the west , Jiyuan to the north , and Jiaozuo to the northeast . As of the final ___MASK36___ census , Luoyang had a population of ___MASK72___ , 549 , 941 inhabitants with 1 , 857 , 003 people living in the built - up (" or metro ") area made of the city ' s five urban districts , all of which except the Jili District are not urbanized yet . Korea is a historical state in East Asia , since ___MASK38___ divided into two distinct sovereign states : North Korea ( officially the " Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea ") and South Korea ( officially the " Republic of Korea "). Located on the Korean Peninsula , Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast . It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea . Bozhou is a prefecture - level city in northwestern Anhui , China . It borders Huaibei to the northeast , Bengbu to the southeast , Huainan to the south , Fuyang to the southwest , and Henan to the north . Its population was ___MASK21___ , 850 , 657 at the 2010 census , of whom 1 , 409 , 436 lived in the built - up area made of Qiaocheng urban district , even though the county remains largely rural . Cao Pi ( ___MASK89___  29 June 226 ), courtesy name Zihuan , was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . He was born in Qiao (  ; present - day Bozhou , Anhui ) as the second son of Cao Cao , a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . However , he was the eldest son among all the children born to Cao Cao by his concubine ( later wife ) Lady Bian . Of all his brothers , Cao Pi was the shrewdest . Instead of focusing on academic studies or administering military affairs , he was always in the presence of court officials in order to gain their support . He was mostly in charge of defence at the start of his career . After the defeat of Cao Cao ' s rival Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu , he took the widow of Yuan Shao ' s son Yuan Xi , Lady Zhen , as a concubine , but in ___MASK60___ Lady Zhen died and Guo Nüwang became empress . The Three Kingdoms ( AD ___MASK88___  ___MASK16___ ) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei , Shu , and Wu , following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty . The term " Three Kingdoms " itself is something of a mistranslation , since each state was eventually headed not by a king , but by an emperor who claimed legitimate succession from the Han dynasty . Nevertheless , the term " Three Kingdoms " has become standard among sinologists . To further distinguish the three states from other historical Chinese states of similar names , historians have added a relevant character : Wei is also known as Cao Wei , Shu is also known as Shu Han , and Wu is also known as Dong ( or Eastern ) Wu . Sima Yi ( ___MASK52___  ___MASK27___ September 251 ), courtesy name Zhongda , was a general and politician of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . He is perhaps best known for defending Wei from Zhuge Liang ' s Northern Expeditions . His success and subsequent rise in prominence paved the way for his grandson Sima Yan ' s founding of the Jin dynasty , which would eventually bring an end to the Three Kingdoms era . In 265 after the Jin dynasty was established , Sima Yi was posthumously honoured as Emperor Xuan of Jin with the temple name of Gaozu . Guo Nüwang ( ___MASK46___  235 ), formally known as Empress Wende , was an empress of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period . She was married to Cao Pi , the first ruler of Wei . The Northern Wei , also known as the Tuoba Wei (  ), Later Wei (  ), or Yuan Wei (  ), was a dynasty founded by the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei , which ruled northern China from ___MASK39___ to 534 (" de jure " until 535 ), during the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties . Described as " part of an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change ", the Northern Wei Dynasty is particularly noted for unifying northern China in 439 : this was also a period of introduced foreign ideas ; such as Buddhism , which became firmly established . The Battle of Guandu was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Yuan Shao in ___MASK34___ AD in the late Eastern Han dynasty . The battle , which concluded with a decisive victory for Cao Cao , was a turning point in the war between the two warlords . It marked the beginning of Cao Cao ' s gradual reunification of northern China , which made possible the establishment of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . A courtesy name (" zi "), also known as a style name , is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one ' s given name . This practice is a tradition in East Asian cultures , including China , Japan , Korea , and Vietnam . Lady Zhen ( 26 January 183  ___MASK21___ August ___MASK60___ ), personal name unknown , was the first wife of Cao Pi , the first ruler of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . In 226 , she was posthumously honoured as Empress Wenzhao when her son , Cao Rui , succeeded Cao Pi as the emperor of Wei . Cao Cao ( ___MASK66___  15 March 220 ), courtesy name Mengde , was a Chinese warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty who rose to great power in the final years of the dynasty . As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period , he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously honoured as " Emperor Wu of Wei ". Although he is often portrayed as a cruel and merciless tyrant in subsequent literature , Cao Cao has also been praised as a brilliant ruler and military genius who treated his subordinates like his family . During the fall of the Eastern Han dynasty , Cao Cao was able to secure the most populated and prosperous cities of the central plains and northern China . Cao had much success as the Han chancellor , but his handling of the Han emperor Liu Xie was heavily criticized and resulted in a continued and then escalated civil war . Opposition directly gathered around warlords Liu Bei and Sun Quan , whom Cao was unable to quell . Cao was also skilled in poetry and martial arts and wrote many war journals . Cao Huan ( ___MASK69___ - ___MASK43___ ), courtesy name Jingming , was the fifth and last emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period . In 265 , he abdicated the throne in favour of Sima Yan ( later Emperor Wu of the Jin dynasty ), and brought an end to the Wei regime . After his abdication , Cao Huan was granted the title " Prince of Chenliu " and held it until his death , after which he was posthumously honoured as " Emperor Yuan ( of Cao Wei )". Yuan Xi ( died ___MASK82___ ) was the second son of the warlord Yuan Shao in the late Eastern Hán dynasty . The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states , which ultimately led to the Qin state ' s victory in ___MASK60___ BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty . Although different scholars point toward different dates ranging from 481 BC to 403 BC as the true beginning of the Warring States , Sima Qian ' s choice of 475 BC is generally the most often cited and popularly accepted one . The Warring States era also overlaps with the second half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty , though the Chinese sovereign , known as the king of Zhou , ruled merely as a figurehead and served as a backdrop against the machinations of the warring states . Cao Teng ( died c . late 150s ), courtesy name Jixing , was a eunuch who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . He served four Han emperors ( Shun , Chong , Zhi , and Huan ). Through his adopted son Cao Song , he was the adoptive grandfather of Cao Cao , the founder of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . In ___MASK88___ , upon the establishment of Wei by Cao Cao ' s son Cao Pi , Cao Teng was posthumously honoured as " Emperor Gao of Wei " (  ). Cao Song ( died ___MASK20___ ) , courtesy name Jugao , was an official who lived in the Eastern Han dynasty . He was the foster son of the eunuch Cao Teng and the father of the warlord Cao Cao , who rose to prominence in the final years of Eastern Han and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period . Cao Song was posthumously honoured as `` Emperor Tai '' ( lit . `` Grand Emperor '' ) by his grandson Cao Pi in 220 when the latter ended Eastern Han and founded the Wei regime . Sun Quan ( ___MASK95___  ___MASK51___ ), courtesy name Zhongmou , formally known as Emperor Da of Wu ( lit . " Great Emperor of Wu "), was the founder of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period . He inherited control of the warlord state founded by his elder brother Sun Ce in ___MASK34___ . He declared formal independence and ruled from 222 to 229 as " King of Wu " and from 229 to ___MASK51___ as the " Emperor of Wu ". Unlike his rivals Cao Cao and Liu Bei , Quan governed his empire mostly separate of politics and ideology , he is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he accommodated the wills of both his rivals but only when it benefited his state of Wu and never fully attempted to conquer his rivals , although most of historians would cite his lack of logistical resources to do so . Cao Rui ( ___MASK42___ or ___MASK15___  22 January 239 ), courtesy name Yuanzhong , was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period . His parentage is in dispute : his mother , Lady Zhen , was Yuan Xi ' s wife , but she later remarried Cao Pi , the first ruler of Wei . Based on conflicting accounts of his age , Pei Songzhi calculated that , in order to be Cao Pi ' s son , Cao Rui could not have been 36 ( by East Asian age reckoning ) when he died as recorded , so the recorded age was in error ; Lu Bi and Mou Guangsheng argued instead that Cao Rui was Yuan Xi ' s son . Cao Wei ( ___MASK88___  265 ) was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period ( ___MASK88___  ___MASK16___ ). With its capital at Luoyang , the state was established by Cao Pi in ___MASK88___ , based upon the foundations laid by his father , Cao Cao , towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty . The name " Wei " first became associated with Cao Cao when he was named the Duke of Wei by the Eastern Han government in 213 , and became the name of the state when Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor in ___MASK88___ . Historians often add the prefix " Cao " to distinguish it from other Chinese states known as " Wei ", such as Wei of the Warring States period and Northern Wei of the Southern and Northern Dynasties . The authority of the ruling Cao family gradually weakened after the death of the second Wei emperor , Cao Rui , and eventually fell into the hands of Sima Yi , a Wei regent , and his family , in 249 . Cao Rui ' s successors remained as puppet rulers under the control of the Simas until Sima Yi ' s grandson , Sima Yan , forced the last Wei ruler , Cao Huan , to abdicate the throne and established the Jin dynasty . The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China ( ___MASK15___ BC  220 AD ), preceded by the Qin dynasty ( ___MASK60___  ___MASK15___ BC ) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period ( 220  280 AD ). Spanning over four centuries , the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history . To this day , China ' s majority ethnic group refers to itself as the " Han people " and the Chinese script is referred to as " Han characters ". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang , known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han , and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty ( 9  23 AD ) of the former regent Wang Mang . This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods : the Western Han or Former Han ( ___MASK15___ BC  9 AD ) and the Eastern Han or Later Han ( 25  220 AD ). China , officially the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over ___MASK84___ . 381 billion , it is the world ' s most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of China , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct - controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ), and two mostly self - governing special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau ), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country ' s major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and Hong Kong . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower .