educated_at hermann krukenberg
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in central - western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . Germany ' s capital and largest metropolis is ___MASK48___ . Other major cities include Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart and Düsseldorf . Munich ( also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria , on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps . Munich is the third largest city in Germany , after ___MASK48___ and Hamburg , and the 12th biggest city of the European Union , with a population of above 1 . 5 million . The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5 . 8 million people . Calbe is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis , in Saxony - Anhalt , Germany . Geography . It is situated on the Saale River , approx . north of Bernburg , and southeast of Magdeburg . It is known as Calbe an der Saale , to distinguish it from the smaller town of Kalbe on the Milde in the same state . Pop . ( 1905 ) 12 , 281 . A republic ( from ) is a sovereign state , country , or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of ___MASK23___ . In modern times , the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch . Currently , 147 of the world ' s 206 sovereign states use the word " republic " as part of their official names ; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments , nor do all nations with elected governments use the word " republic " in their names . Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine - Westphalia and the fourth - largest city in Germany ( after ___MASK48___ , Hamburg , and Munich ). It is located within the Rhine - Ruhr metropolitan region , one of the major European metropolitan regions and the largest in Germany , with more than ten million inhabitants . The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918 and included parts of present - day Germany , Poland , Russia , Lithuania , Denmark , ___MASK5___ and the Czech Republic . It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918 . Although it took its name from the region called Prussia , it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg , where its capital was ___MASK48___ . ___MASK48___ is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states . With a population of approximately 3 . 5 million people , ___MASK48___ is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the ___MASK48___ - Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , ___MASK48___ is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one - third of the city ' s area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers and lakes . The Province of Saxony , also known as Prussian Saxony (" Preußische Sachsen "), was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1945 . Its capital was Magdeburg . The ___MASK4___ is a public research university located in Bonn , Germany . Founded in its present form in 1818 , as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions , the ___MASK4___ is today one of the leading universities in Germany . The ___MASK4___ offers a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects . Its library holds more than five million volumes . The ___MASK4___ has 544 professors and 32 , 500 students . Among its notable alumni and faculty are seven Nobel Laureates , three Fields Medalist , twelve Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners , Prince Albert , Pope Benedict XVI , Frederick III , Karl Marx , Heinrich Heine , Friedrich Nietzsche , Konrad Adenauer , and Joseph Schumpeter . The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016 and the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015 ranked the ___MASK4___ as one of the 100 best universities in the world . Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg ( 1 April 1871  20 February 1946 ) was a German physician who was a native of Halle an der Saale . He was a brother to orthopedic surgeon Hermann Krukenberg ( 1863 - 1935 ) and Georg Heinrich Peter Krukenberg ( 1856 - 1899 ), who was a professor of gynecology at the ___MASK4___ . Hermann Krukenberg ( 21 June 1863 - 3 October 1935 ) was a German surgeon who was a native of Calbe , Province of Saxony , Germany . He was the brother of pathologist Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg ( 1871 -- 1946 ) . Krukenberg studied medicine at the Universities of Bonn , Strassburg and Heidelberg . Afterwards he was a surgical assistant to Friedrich Trendelenburg ( 1844 -- 1924 ) in Bonn , and to Max Schede ( 1844 -- 1902 ) at Eppendorf Hospital in Hamburg . In 1892 he became manager of a private clinic in Halle an der Saale , and in 1899 was chief surgeon at the municipal hospital in Liegnitz . During World War I he served as a field surgeon . In 1917 he developed an operation known ___MASK46___ as the `` Krukenberg procedure '' . This procedure involves separation of the ulna and radius bones in order to convert a below - elbow amputation stump into a `` sensory forceps '' that receives its strength from the pronator teres muscle . Among his written works was a 1913 book on physiognomy titled Gesichtsausdruck des Menschen . The euro ( sign : €; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union : ___MASK76___ , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency .