Language System: A Lightweight Ranking Framework for Language Models
Chenheng Zhang, Tianqi Du, Jizhe Zhang, Mingqing Xiao, Yifei Wang, Yisen Wang, Zhouchen Lin
Conventional research on large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on refining output distributions, while paying less attention to the decoding process that transforms these distributions into final responses. Recent advances, such as scaling the computation of inference time with reward models, have underscored the importance of decoding, but these methods often suffer from high computational costs and limited applicability.In this paper, we revisit LLM decoding through the lens of recommender systems, conceptualizing the decoding process as analogous to the ranking stage in recommendation pipelines. From this perspective, we observe that both traditional decoding methods and reward models exhibit clear limitations such as redundancy.Motivated by this insight, we propose Language System, a novel framework that introduces a lightweight ranker to rerank candidate responses using features extracted by the base model. Experiments across a wide range of tasks show that Language System achieves performance comparable to large-scale reward models, while requiring only <0.5M additional parameters, significantly reducing the computational overhead during both training and inference stages.  This highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of our method, showcasing its potential to fully unlock the capabilities of LLMs.