Neuro-Spectral Architectures for Causal Physics-Informed Networks
Arthur Bizzi, Leonardo Moreira, Márcio Marques, Leonardo Mendonça, Christian de Oliveira, Vitor Balestro, Lucas dos Santos Fernandez, Daniel Yukimura, Pavel Petrov, João Pereira, Tiago Novello, Lucas Nissenbaum
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful neural framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, standard MLP-based PINNs often fail to converge when dealing with complex initial-value problems, leading to solutions that violate causality and suffer from a spectral bias towards low-frequency components. To address these issues, we introduce NeuSA(Neuro-Spectral Architectures), a novel class of PINNs inspired by classical spectral methods, designed to solve linear and nonlinear PDEs with variable coefficients. NeuSA learns a projection of the underlying PDE onto a spectral basis, leading to a finite-dimensional representation of the dynamicswhich is then integrated with an adapted Neural ODE (NODE). This allows us to overcome spectral bias,  by leveraging the high-frequency components enabled by the spectral representation; to enforce causality, by inheriting the causal structure of NODEs, and to start training near the target solution, by means of an initialization scheme based on classical methods. We validate NeuSA on canonical benchmarks for linear and nonlinear wave equations, demonstrating strong performance as compared to other architectures, with faster convergence, improved temporal consistency and superior predictive accuracy.  Code and pretrained models will be released.