From Faults to Features: Pretraining to Learn Robust Representations against Sensor Failures
Jens U. Brandt, Noah Pütz, Marcus Greiff, Thomas Lew, John Subosits, Marc Hilbert, Thomas Bartz-Beielstein
Machine learning models play a key role in safety-critical applications, such as autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems, where their robustness during inference is essential to ensure reliable operation. Sensor faults, however, can corrupt input signals, potentially leading to severe model failures that compromise reliability. In this context, pretraining emerges as a powerful approach for learning expressive representations applicable to various downstream tasks. Among existing techniques, masking represents a promising direction for learning representations that are robust to corrupted input data. In this work, we extend this concept by specifically targeting robustness to sensor outages during pretraining. We propose a self-supervised masking scheme that simulates common sensor failures and explicitly trains the model to recover the original signal.  We demonstrate that the resulting representations significantly improve the robustness of predictions to seen and unseen sensor failures on a vehicle dynamics dataset, maintaining strong downstream performance under both nominal and various fault conditions. As a practical application, we deploy the method on a modified Lexus LC 500 and show that the pretrained model successfully operates as a substitute for a physical sensor in a closed-loop control system. In this autonomous racing application, we show that, under sensor failures at the wheelspeed sensors, a standard supervised baseline trained without sensor failures may cause the vehicle to leave the track, while our pretrained model enables reliable racing performance.