the effective tax rate for 2013 was 28.1 percent , compared to 29.0 percent in 2012 , a decrease of 0.9 percentage points , impacted by many factors . factors that decreased the company 2019s effective tax rate included international taxes as a result of changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes , the reinstatement of the u.s . research and development credit in 2013 , an increase in the domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction benefit , the restoration of tax basis on certain assets for which depreciation deductions were previously limited , and other items . combined , these factors decreased the company 2019s effective tax rate by 4.0 percentage points . this benefit was partially offset by factors that increased the effective tax rate by 3.1 percentage points , which largely related to adjustments to 3m 2019s income tax reserves for 2013 when compared to 2012 . the effective tax rate for 2012 was 29.0 percent , compared to 27.8 percent in 2011 , an increase of 1.2 percentage points , impacted by many factors . the primary factors that increased the company 2019s effective tax rate year-on-year include international taxes , specifically with respect to the corporate reorganization of a wholly owned international subsidiary ( which benefited 2011 ) , state income taxes , lower domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction , and the lapse of the u.s . research and development credit . these and other factors , when compared to 2011 , increased the 2012 effective tax rate by 2.1 percentage points . factors that decreased the company 2019s effective tax rate year-on-year include international taxes as a result of changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes and adjustments to its income tax reserves . these factors , when compared to 2011 , decreased the effective tax rate 0.9 percentage points . the company files income tax returns in the u.s . federal jurisdiction , and various states and foreign jurisdictions . with few exceptions , the company is no longer subject to u.s . federal , state and local , or non-u.s . income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2004 . the irs completed its field examination of the company 2019s u.s . federal income tax returns for the years 2005 through 2007 in the fourth quarter of 2009 . the company protested certain irs positions within these tax years and entered into the administrative appeals process with the irs during the first quarter of 2010 . during the first quarter of 2010 , the irs completed its field examination of the company 2019s u.s . federal income tax return for the 2008 year . the company protested certain irs positions for 2008 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the irs during the second quarter of 2010 . during the first quarter of 2011 , the irs completed its field examination of the company 2019s u.s . federal income tax return for the 2009 year . the company protested certain irs positions for 2009 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the irs during the second quarter of 2011 . during the first quarter of 2012 , the irs completed its field examination of the company 2019s u.s . federal income tax return for the 2010 year . the company protested certain irs positions for 2010 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the irs during the .
respectively . the federal tax attribute carryovers will expire after 16 to 17 years , the state after five to 10 years , and the majority of international after six years with the remaining international expiring in one year or with an indefinite carryover period . the tax attributes being carried over arise as certain jurisdictions may have tax losses or may have inabilities to utilize certain losses without the same type of taxable income . as of december 31 , 2013 , the company has provided $ 23 million of valuation allowance against certain of these deferred tax assets based on management's determination that it is more-likely-than-not that the tax benefits related to these assets will not be realized . the valuation allowance was reduced in 2013 mainly due to the expiration of the tax attributes . during 2013 , the company contributed $ 476 million to its u.s . and international pension plans and $ 6 million to its postretirement plans . during 2012 , the company contributed $ 1.079 billion to its u.s . and international pension plans and $ 67 million to its postretirement plans . during 2011 , the company contributed $ 517 million to its u.s . and international pension plans and $ 65 million to its postretirement plans . the current income tax provision includes a benefit for the pension contributions ; the deferred tax provision includes a cost for the related temporary difference . reconciliation of effective income tax rate .
what was the percentage change in the domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction activity from 2012 to 2013
the domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction of 2013 is -1.6 ( 1.6 ) ; the domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction of 2012 is -1.2 ( 1.2 ) ; the domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction of 2011 is -1.5 ( 1.5 ) ;
2013 2012 2011
statutory u.s . tax rate 35.0% ( 35.0 % ) 35.0% ( 35.0 % ) 35.0% ( 35.0 % )
state income taxes - net of federal benefit 0.9 0.9 0.7
international income taxes - net -6.3 ( 6.3 ) -4.2 ( 4.2 ) -4.6 ( 4.6 )
u.s . research and development credit -0.7 ( 0.7 ) 2014 -0.5 ( 0.5 )
reserves for tax contingencies 1.2 -1.9 ( 1.9 ) -1.2 ( 1.2 )
domestic manufacturer 2019s deduction -1.6 ( 1.6 ) -1.2 ( 1.2 ) -1.5 ( 1.5 )
all other - net -0.4 ( 0.4 ) 0.4 -0.1 ( 0.1 )
effective worldwide tax rate 28.1% ( 28.1 % ) 29.0% ( 29.0 % ) 27.8% ( 27.8 % )