for discussion on income taxes , see note 8 in 201citem 8 . financial statements and supplementary data 201d of this report . discontinued operations discontinued operations net earnings increased primarily due to the gain on the sale of our aggregate ownership interests in enlink and the general partner of $ 2.6 billion ( $ 2.2 billion after-tax ) . for discussion on discontinued operations , see note 19 in 201citem 8 . financial statements and supplementary data 201d of this report 201d of this report . results of operations 2013 2017 vs . 2016 the graph below shows the change in net earnings from 2016 to 2017 . the material changes are further discussed by category on the following pages . to facilitate the review , these numbers are being presented before consideration of earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests . $ 1308 ( $ 165 ) ( $ 4 ) $ 1 $ 63 $ 400 ( $ 397 ) $ 126 $ 1204 ( $ 1458 ) $ 1078 2016 upstream operations marketing operations exploration expenses dd&a g&a financing costs , net other ( 1 ) income discontinued operations net earnings ( 1 ) other in the table above includes asset impairments , asset dispositions , restructuring and transaction costs and other expenses . the graph below presents the drivers of the upstream operations change presented above , with additional details and discussion of the drivers following the graph . ( $ 427 ) ( $ 427 ) $ 1395$ 1 395 $ 2176$ 2 176 $ 3484 2016 production volumes field prices hedging 2017 upstream operations expenses .
the remaining change in other expense was driven primarily by changes on foreign currency exchange instruments as further discussed in note 7 in 201citem 8 . financial statements and supplementary data 201d of this report . income taxes .
what is the percentage increase in total expense from 2017 to 2018?
the total expense of 2018 is $ 156 ; the total expense of 2017 is $ 15 ; income taxes .
2018 2017
current expense ( benefit ) $ -70 ( 70 ) $ 112
deferred expense ( benefit ) 226 -97 ( 97 )
total expense $ 156 $ 15
effective income tax rate 17% ( 17 % ) 2% ( 2 % )