“People always say to me, ‘I’m about to leave on a trip, what’s the best way to protect myself?’ ” said Brian Jenkins, a terrorism expert and senior adviser to the RAND Corporation, the California research center. “I say drive very carefully on the way to the airport.”  The likelihood of a hotel guest’s being killed in a terrorist attack is about one in a million, said Mr. Jenkins, who conducted a study of hotel attacks that covered 1968 through mid-2005. By comparison, he said, the average American has about a one in 8,000 chance of dying in an auto accident.  The compelling survival stories of travelers who were caught up in the three-day siege on Mumbai show there was no pattern to what ultimately saved them. Some barricaded themselves in their rooms while others took cover in hotel conference areas or simply fled.  Lynne and Ken Shaw of Wales told the BBC that they hid under a table while the attackers stormed the Taj Mahal Palace. In the interview, Mrs. Shaw said that “little decisions that night — just timing — saved our lives.”  At one point, when they were being led out of hiding, gunfire broke out in the corridor. “My life was saved because as I was running I stumbled, and I think that really saved me, as I fell back into the room,” said Mrs. Shaw.  Technology came into play in some rescues. Michael Beagelman, chief executive of Concierge International Agents, which provides 24-hour travel services for Altour, a luxury travel company, was able to exchange text messages with a British client at the Taj on her honeymoon. Mr. Beagelman was able to provide her name and that of her husband to the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office and tell them where the clients were. Indian soldiers eventually helped them get out.  In light of the attacks, the Association of Corporate Travel Executives is recommending that travelers going to areas where their safety might be compromised put together a kit with four essential items — a flashlight with an LED bulb for illumination or to signal for help; a hand-held water purifier in case the water isn’t potable; a portable radio; and a cellphone or a Blackberry with international service.  “Events in Mumbai indicated a sophisticated attack on two levels, both cultural and commercial,” said Susan Gurley, the association’s executive director. “Attacking and seizing a hotel reflects a new level of desperation and savagery.”  She added, “This presents new challenges and new solutions for travelers who want to be prepared.”  Ms. Gurley said business travel managers plan to re-evaluate their hotel contracts with an emphasis on guest security. New contracts are expected to require hotels, among other things, to train their staffs to evacuate the building efficiently; to provide detailed floor charts to security officials, the police and firefighters; and to have a surveillance system and secondary methods of communication like a public address system to inform guests of issues.  Some hotels already have such safety measures. Marriott, for example, implemented a crisis management plan 15 years ago and has analysts who assess security conditions daily. If a threat exists at a hotel, it is prescribed a color-coded alert, which signals specific security countermeasures.  Alan Orlob, vice president of corporate security for Marriott, also periodically meets with other hotel security executives to share information. “We understand that if there’s a threat, it’s a threat to the industry, not a particular hotel,” Mr. Orlob said.  But a cautious guest could “ask for a room above the second and below the seventh floors,” said Ralph Witherspoon, a security consultant from Cleveland. “Criminals and terrorists can easily access most ground-floor rooms, and most fire department ladders won’t reach above the seventh floor.”  Travelers can also look for the nearest exits. “Count the doors between your room and the nearest exit,” recommends the State Department. “This could be a lifesaver if you have to crawl through a smoke-filled corridor.”  For information on conditions abroad that may affect safety, travelers can consult the State Department reports at www.travel.state.gov. Registering your travel plans at the department’s Web site may make it easier to contact you in case of an emergency.  Security experts suggest loading into your cellphone emergency numbers like those for the local United States embassy, your tour operator or your hotel, and letting at least two people at work or at home know where you are going.  While every situation is different, said Damon Brenner, a senior manager of global services at Control Risks, a consulting company, “if you do the little things,” like knowing where the nearest fire exits to your room are, “it will help mitigate the potential risk of being caught in the wrong place at the wrong time.”  A version of this article appears in print on , on Page TR6 of the New York edition with the headline: A Lesson of Mumbai: Have a Safety Plan. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
From checking for the nearest exits to requesting a room on a specific floor, security experts suggest safety measures for traveling abroad.