content: package v101;
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  import java.io.PrintWriter;
  import java.util.LinkedList;
  import java.util.Queue;
  import java.util.Stack;
  import java.util.StringTokenizer;
  
  public class TheLonesomeCargoDistributor_UVa10172 {
  
  	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  		
  		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
  		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  		
  		int tc = sc.nextInt();
  		while(tc-->0)
  		{
  			int N = sc.nextInt(), S = sc.nextInt(), Q = sc.nextInt(), totalRem = 0;
  			Stack<Integer> cargo = new Stack<Integer>();
  			Queue<Integer>[] B = new Queue[N];
  			for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
  			{
  				B[i] = new LinkedList<Integer>();
  				int k = sc.nextInt();
  				totalRem += k;
  				while(k-->0)
  					B[i].add(sc.nextInt() - 1);
  			}
  			int totalTime = 0, curPos = 0;
  			while(true)
  			{
  				//unload
  				while(!cargo.isEmpty())
  				{
  					int item = cargo.pop();
  					if(item == curPos)
  					{
  						++totalTime;
  						--totalRem;
  					}
  					else
  						if(B[curPos].size() < Q)
  						{
  							++totalTime;
  							B[curPos].add(item);
  						}
  						else
  						{
  							cargo.push(item);
  							break;
  						}
  				}
  				//load
  				while(!B[curPos].isEmpty() && cargo.size() < S)
  				{
  					cargo.push(B[curPos].remove());
  					++totalTime;
  				}
  				if(totalRem == 0)
  					break;
  				totalTime += 2;
  				curPos = (curPos + 1)%N;
  			}
  			out.println(totalTime);
  			
  			
  		}
  		out.flush();
  		out.close();
  	}
  	static class Scanner 
  	{
  		StringTokenizer st;
  		BufferedReader br;
  
  		public Scanner(InputStream s){	br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s));}
  
  		public String next() throws IOException 
  		{
  			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) 
  				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
  			return st.nextToken();
  		}
  
  		public int nextInt() throws IOException {return Integer.parseInt(next());}
  
  		public long nextLong() throws IOException {return Long.parseLong(next());}
  
  		public String nextLine() throws IOException {return br.readLine();}
  
  		public boolean ready() throws IOException {return br.ready();}
  
  		public double nextDouble() throws IOException 
  		{
  			String x = next();
  			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("0");
  			double res = 0, f = 1;
  			boolean dec = false, neg = false;
  			int start = 0;
  			if(x.charAt(0) == '-')
  			{
  				neg = true;
  				start++;
  			}
  			for(int i = start; i < x.length(); i++)
  				if(x.charAt(i) == '.')
  				{
  					res = Long.parseLong(sb.toString());
  					sb = new StringBuilder("0");
  					dec = true;
  				}
  				else
  				{
  					sb.append(x.charAt(i));
  					if(dec)
  						f *= 10;
  				}
  			res += Long.parseLong(sb.toString()) / f;
  			return res * (neg?-1:1);
  		}
  
  
  	}
  }
  