content: /*************************************************************************
   *  Compilation:  javac Out.java
   *  Execution:    java Out
   *
   *  Writes data of various types to: stdout, file, or socket.
   *
   *************************************************************************/
  
  
  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
  import java.io.PrintWriter;
  import java.net.Socket;
  import java.util.Locale;
  
  /**
   *  This class provides methods for writing strings and numbers to
   *  various output streams, including standard output, file, and sockets.
   *  <p>
   *  For additional documentation, see
   *  <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/31datatype">Section 3.1</a> of
   *  <i>Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach</i>
   *  by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
   */
  public class Out {
  
      // force Unicode UTF-8 encoding; otherwise it's system dependent
      private static final String UTF8 = "UTF-8";
  
      // assume language = English, country = US for consistency with StdIn
      private static final Locale US_LOCALE = new Locale("en", "US");
  
  
      private PrintWriter out;
  
     /**
       * Create an Out object using an OutputStream.
       */
      public Out(OutputStream os) {
          try {
              OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(os, UTF8);
              out = new PrintWriter(osw, true);
          }
          catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
      }
  
     /**
       * Create an Out object using standard output.
       */
      public Out() { this(System.out); }
  
     /**
       * Create an Out object using a Socket.
       */
      public Out(Socket socket) {
          try {
              OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
              OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(os, UTF8);
              out = new PrintWriter(osw, true);
          }
          catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
      }
  
     /**
       * Create an Out object using a file specified by the given name.
       */
      public Out(String s) {
          try {
              OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(s);
              OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(os, UTF8);
              out = new PrintWriter(osw, true);
          }
          catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
      }
  
     /**
       * Close the output stream.
       */
      public void close() { out.close(); }
  
  
  
     /**
       * Terminate the line.
       */
      public void println() {
          out.println();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an object and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(Object x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a boolean and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(boolean x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a char and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(char x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an double and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(double x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a float and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(float x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an int and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(int x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a long and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(long x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a byte and then terminate the line.
       */
      public void println(byte x) {
          out.println(x);
      }
  
  
  
     /**
       * Flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print() {
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an object and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(Object x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an boolean and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(boolean x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an char and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(char x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an double and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(double x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a float and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(float x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print an int and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(int x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a long and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(long x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a byte and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void print(byte x) {
          out.print(x);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a formatted string using the specified format string and arguments,
       * and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void printf(String format, Object... args) {
          out.printf(US_LOCALE, format, args);
          out.flush();
      }
  
     /**
       * Print a formatted string using the specified locale, format string and arguments,
       * and then flush the output stream.
       */
      public void printf(Locale locale, String format, Object... args) {
          out.printf(locale, format, args);
          out.flush();
      }
  
  
     /**
       * A test client.
       */
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Out out;
          String s;
  
          // write to stdout
          out = new Out();
          out.println("Test 1");
          out.close();
  
          // write to a file
          out = new Out("test.txt");
          out.println("Test 2");
          out.close();
      }
  
  }
  