content: package org.apache.lucene.analysis.el;
  
  import org.apache.lucene.analysis.CharArraySet;
  import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;
  
  import java.util.Arrays;
  
  /**
   * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  /**
   * A stemmer for Greek words, according to: <i>Development of a Stemmer for the
   * Greek Language.</i> Georgios Ntais
   * <p>
   * NOTE: Input is expected to be casefolded for Greek (including folding of final
   * sigma to sigma), and with diacritics removed. This can be achieved with 
   * either {@link GreekLowerCaseFilter} or ICUFoldingFilter.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public class GreekStemmer {
    public int stem(char s[], int len) {
      if (len < 4) // too short
        return len;
      
      final int origLen = len;
      // "short rules": if it hits one of these, it skips the "long list"
      len = rule0(s, len);
      len = rule1(s, len);
      len = rule2(s, len);
      len = rule3(s, len);
      len = rule4(s, len);
      len = rule5(s, len);
      len = rule6(s, len);
      len = rule7(s, len);
      len = rule8(s, len);
      len = rule9(s, len);
      len = rule10(s, len);
      len = rule11(s, len);
      len = rule12(s, len);
      len = rule13(s, len);
      len = rule14(s, len);
      len = rule15(s, len);
      len = rule16(s, len);
      len = rule17(s, len);
      len = rule18(s, len);
      len = rule19(s, len);
      len = rule20(s, len);
      // "long list"
      if (len == origLen)
        len = rule21(s, len);
      
      return rule22(s, len);
    }
  
    private int rule0(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 9 && (endsWith(s, len, "καθεστωτοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "καθεστωτων")))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 8 && (endsWith(s, len, "γεγονοτοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "γεγονοτων")))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 8 && endsWith(s, len, "καθεστωτα"))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 7 && (endsWith(s, len, "τατογιου")
          || endsWith(s, len, "τατογιων")))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 7 && endsWith(s, len, "γεγονοτα"))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 7 && endsWith(s, len, "καθεστωσ"))
        return len - 2;
      
      if (len > 6 && (endsWith(s, len, "σκαγιου"))
          || endsWith(s, len, "σκαγιων")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ολογιου")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ολογιων")
          || endsWith(s, len, "κρεατοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "κρεατων")
          || endsWith(s, len, "περατοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "περατων")
          || endsWith(s, len, "τερατοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "τερατων"))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "τατογια"))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "γεγονοσ"))
        return len - 2;
      
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "φαγιου")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φαγιων")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σογιου")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σογιων")))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "σκαγια")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ολογια")
          || endsWith(s, len, "κρεατα")
          || endsWith(s, len, "περατα")
          || endsWith(s, len, "τερατα")))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "φαγια")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σογια")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φωτοσ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φωτων")))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "κρεασ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "περασ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "τερασ")))
        return len - 2;
      
      if (len > 3 && endsWith(s, len, "φωτα"))
        return len - 2;
      
      if (len > 2 && endsWith(s, len, "φωσ"))
        return len - 1;
      
      return len;
    }
  
    private int rule1(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "αδεσ") || endsWith(s, len, "αδων"))) {
        len -= 4;
        if (!(endsWith(s, len, "οκ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "μαμ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "μαν") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "μπαμπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πατερ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "γιαγι") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "νταντ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "κυρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "θει") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πεθερ")))
          len += 2; // add back -αδ
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule2(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "εδεσ") || endsWith(s, len, "εδων"))) {
        len -= 4;
        if (endsWith(s, len, "οπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ιπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "εμπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "υπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "γηπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "δαπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "κρασπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "μιλ"))
          len += 2; // add back -εδ
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule3(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "ουδεσ") || endsWith(s, len, "ουδων"))) {
        len -= 5;
        if (endsWith(s, len, "αρκ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "καλιακ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πεταλ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "λιχ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πλεξ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "σκ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "σ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "φλ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "φρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "βελ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "λουλ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "χν") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "σπ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "τραγ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "φε"))
          len += 3; // add back -ουδ
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc4 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("θ", "δ", "ελ", "γαλ", "ν", "π", "ιδ", "παρ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule4(char s[], int len) {   
      if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "εωσ") || endsWith(s, len, "εων"))) {
        len -= 3;
        if (exc4.contains(s, 0, len))
          len++; // add back -ε
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule5(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 2 && endsWith(s, len, "ια")) {
        len -= 2;
        if (endsWithVowel(s, len))
          len++; // add back -ι
      } else if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "ιου") || endsWith(s, len, "ιων"))) {
        len -= 3;
        if (endsWithVowel(s, len))
          len++; // add back -ι
      }
      return len;
    }
  
    private static final CharArraySet exc6 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("αλ", "αδ", "ενδ", "αμαν", "αμμοχαλ", "ηθ", "ανηθ",
            "αντιδ", "φυσ", "βρωμ", "γερ", "εξωδ", "καλπ", "καλλιν", "καταδ",
            "μουλ", "μπαν", "μπαγιατ", "μπολ", "μποσ", "νιτ", "ξικ", "συνομηλ",
            "πετσ", "πιτσ", "πικαντ", "πλιατσ", "ποστελν", "πρωτοδ", "σερτ",
            "συναδ", "τσαμ", "υποδ", "φιλον", "φυλοδ", "χασ"), 
         false);
  
    private int rule6(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "ικα") || endsWith(s, len, "ικο"))) {
        len -= 3;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "ικου") || endsWith(s, len, "ικων"))) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed) {
        if (endsWithVowel(s, len) || exc6.contains(s, 0, len))
          len += 2; // add back -ικ
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc7 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("αναπ", "αποθ", "αποκ", "αποστ", "βουβ", "ξεθ", "ουλ",
            "πεθ", "πικρ", "ποτ", "σιχ", "χ"), 
        false);
    
    private int rule7(char s[], int len) {
      if (len == 5 && endsWith(s, len, "αγαμε"))
        return len - 1;
      
      if (len > 7 && endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκαμε"))
        len -= 7;
      else if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "ουσαμε"))
        len -= 6;
      else if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "αγαμε") ||
               endsWith(s, len, "ησαμε") ||
               endsWith(s, len, "ηκαμε")))
        len -= 5;
      
      if (len > 3 && endsWith(s, len, "αμε")) {
        len -= 3;
        if (exc7.contains(s, 0, len))
          len += 2; // add back -αμ
      }
  
      return len;
    }
  
    private static final CharArraySet exc8a = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("τρ", "τσ"),
        false);
  
    private static final CharArraySet exc8b = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("βετερ", "βουλκ", "βραχμ", "γ", "δραδουμ", "θ", "καλπουζ",
            "καστελ", "κορμορ", "λαοπλ", "μωαμεθ", "μ", "μουσουλμ", "ν", "ουλ",
            "π", "πελεκ", "πλ", "πολισ", "πορτολ", "σαρακατσ", "σουλτ",
            "τσαρλατ", "ορφ", "τσιγγ", "τσοπ", "φωτοστεφ", "χ", "ψυχοπλ", "αγ",
            "ορφ", "γαλ", "γερ", "δεκ", "διπλ", "αμερικαν", "ουρ", "πιθ",
            "πουριτ", "σ", "ζωντ", "ικ", "καστ", "κοπ", "λιχ", "λουθηρ", "μαιντ",
            "μελ", "σιγ", "σπ", "στεγ", "τραγ", "τσαγ", "φ", "ερ", "αδαπ",
            "αθιγγ", "αμηχ", "ανικ", "ανοργ", "απηγ", "απιθ", "ατσιγγ", "βασ",
            "βασκ", "βαθυγαλ", "βιομηχ", "βραχυκ", "διατ", "διαφ", "ενοργ",
            "θυσ", "καπνοβιομηχ", "καταγαλ", "κλιβ", "κοιλαρφ", "λιβ",
            "μεγλοβιομηχ", "μικροβιομηχ", "νταβ", "ξηροκλιβ", "ολιγοδαμ",
            "ολογαλ", "πενταρφ", "περηφ", "περιτρ", "πλατ", "πολυδαπ", "πολυμηχ",
            "στεφ", "ταβ", "τετ", "υπερηφ", "υποκοπ", "χαμηλοδαπ", "ψηλοταβ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule8(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      
      if (len > 8 && endsWith(s, len, "ιουντανε")) {
        len -= 8;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 7 && endsWith(s, len, "ιοντανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουντανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκανε")) {
        len -= 7;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "ιοτανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οντανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουσανε")) {
        len -= 6;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 5 && endsWith(s, len, "αγανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οτανε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηκανε")) {
        len -= 5;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed && exc8a.contains(s, 0, len)) {
        // add -αγαν (we removed > 4 chars so its safe)
        len += 4;
        s[len - 4] = 'α';
        s[len - 3] = 'γ';
        s[len - 2] = 'α';
        s[len - 1] = 'ν';
      }
      
      if (len > 3 && endsWith(s, len, "ανε")) {
        len -= 3;
        if (endsWithVowelNoY(s, len) || exc8b.contains(s, 0, len)) {
          len += 2; // add back -αν
        }
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc9 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("αβαρ", "βεν", "εναρ", "αβρ", "αδ", "αθ", "αν", "απλ",
            "βαρον", "ντρ", "σκ", "κοπ", "μπορ", "νιφ", "παγ", "παρακαλ", "σερπ",
            "σκελ", "συρφ", "τοκ", "υ", "δ", "εμ", "θαρρ", "θ"), 
        false);
    
    private int rule9(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 5 && endsWith(s, len, "ησετε"))
        len -= 5;
      
      if (len > 3 && endsWith(s, len, "ετε")) {
        len -= 3;
        if (exc9.contains(s, 0, len) ||
            endsWithVowelNoY(s, len) ||
            endsWith(s, len, "οδ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "αιρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "φορ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ταθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "διαθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "σχ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ενδ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ευρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "τιθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "υπερθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ραθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ενθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ροθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "σθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πυρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "αιν") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "συνδ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "συν") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "συνθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "χωρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "πον") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "βρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "καθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ευθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "εκθ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "νετ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ρον") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "αρκ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "βαρ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "βολ") ||
            endsWith(s, len, "ωφελ")) {
          len += 2; // add back -ετ
        }
      }
      
      return len;
    }
  
    private int rule10(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "οντασ") || endsWith(s, len, "ωντασ"))) {
        len -= 5;
        if (len == 3 && endsWith(s, len, "αρχ")) {
          len += 3; // add back *ντ
          s[len - 3] = 'ο';
        }
        if (endsWith(s, len, "κρε")) {
          len += 3; // add back *ντ
          s[len - 3] = 'ω';
        }
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule11(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "ομαστε")) {
        len -= 6;
        if (len == 2 && endsWith(s, len, "ον")) {
          len += 5; // add back -ομαστ
        }
      } else if (len > 7 && endsWith(s, len, "ιομαστε")) {
        len -= 7;
        if (len == 2 && endsWith(s, len, "ον")) {
          len += 5;
          s[len - 5] = 'ο';
          s[len - 4] = 'μ';
          s[len - 3] = 'α';
          s[len - 2] = 'σ';
          s[len - 1] = 'τ';
        }
      }
      return len;
    }
  
    private static final CharArraySet exc12a = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("π", "απ", "συμπ", "ασυμπ", "ακαταπ", "αμεταμφ"),
        false);
  
    private static final CharArraySet exc12b = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("αλ", "αρ", "εκτελ", "ζ", "μ", "ξ", "παρακαλ", "αρ", "προ", "νισ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule12(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 5 && endsWith(s, len, "ιεστε")) {
        len -= 5;
        if (exc12a.contains(s, 0, len))   
          len += 4; // add back -ιεστ
      }
      
      if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "εστε")) {
        len -= 4;
        if (exc12b.contains(s, 0, len))
          len += 3; // add back -εστ
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc13 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("διαθ", "θ", "παρακαταθ", "προσθ", "συνθ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule13(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 6 && endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκεσ")) {
        len -= 6;
      } else if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκα") || endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκε"))) {
        len -= 5;
      }
      
      boolean removed = false;
      
      if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ηκεσ")) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "ηκα") || endsWith(s, len, "ηκε"))) {
        len -= 3;
        removed = true;
      }
  
      if (removed && (exc13.contains(s, 0, len) 
          || endsWith(s, len, "σκωλ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σκουλ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ναρθ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σφ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "οθ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "πιθ"))) { 
        len += 2; // add back the -ηκ
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc14 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("φαρμακ", "χαδ", "αγκ", "αναρρ", "βρομ", "εκλιπ", "λαμπιδ",
            "λεχ", "μ", "πατ", "ρ", "λ", "μεδ", "μεσαζ", "υποτειν", "αμ", "αιθ",
            "ανηκ", "δεσποζ", "ενδιαφερ", "δε", "δευτερευ", "καθαρευ", "πλε",
            "τσα"), 
        false);
  
    private int rule14(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      
      if (len > 5 && endsWith(s, len, "ουσεσ")) {
        len -= 5;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "ουσα") || endsWith(s, len, "ουσε"))) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed && (exc14.contains(s, 0, len) 
          || endsWithVowel(s, len)
          || endsWith(s, len, "ποδαρ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "βλεπ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "πανταχ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φρυδ") 
          || endsWith(s, len, "μαντιλ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "μαλλ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "κυματ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "λαχ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ληγ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φαγ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ομ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "πρωτ"))) {
        len += 3; // add back -ουσ
      }
  
     return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc15a = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("αβαστ", "πολυφ", "αδηφ", "παμφ", "ρ", "ασπ", "αφ", "αμαλ",
            "αμαλλι", "ανυστ", "απερ", "ασπαρ", "αχαρ", "δερβεν", "δροσοπ",
            "ξεφ", "νεοπ", "νομοτ", "ολοπ", "ομοτ", "προστ", "προσωποπ", "συμπ",
            "συντ", "τ", "υποτ", "χαρ", "αειπ", "αιμοστ", "ανυπ", "αποτ",
            "αρτιπ", "διατ", "εν", "επιτ", "κροκαλοπ", "σιδηροπ", "λ", "ναυ",
            "ουλαμ", "ουρ", "π", "τρ", "μ"), 
        false);
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc15b = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("ψοφ", "ναυλοχ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule15(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "αγεσ")) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "αγα") || endsWith(s, len, "αγε"))) {
        len -= 3;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed) {
        final boolean cond1 = exc15a.contains(s, 0, len) 
          || endsWith(s, len, "οφ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "πελ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "χορτ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "λλ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σφ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "ρπ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "φρ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "πρ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "λοχ")
          || endsWith(s, len, "σμην");
        
        final boolean cond2 = exc15b.contains(s, 0, len)
          || endsWith(s, len, "κολλ");
        
        if (cond1 && !cond2)
          len += 2; // add back -αγ  
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc16 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("ν", "χερσον", "δωδεκαν", "ερημον", "μεγαλον", "επταν"),
        false);
    
    private int rule16(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ησου")) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "ησε") || endsWith(s, len, "ησα"))) {
        len -= 3;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed && exc16.contains(s, 0, len))
        len += 2; // add back -ησ
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc17 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("ασβ", "σβ", "αχρ", "χρ", "απλ", "αειμν", "δυσχρ", "ευχρ", "κοινοχρ", "παλιμψ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule17(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ηστε")) {
        len -= 4;
        if (exc17.contains(s, 0, len))
          len += 3; // add back the -ηστ
      }
      
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc18 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("ν", "ρ", "σπι", "στραβομουτσ", "κακομουτσ", "εξων"),
        false);
    
    private int rule18(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      
      if (len > 6 && (endsWith(s, len, "ησουνε") || endsWith(s, len, "ηθουνε"))) {
        len -= 6;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ουνε")) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed && exc18.contains(s, 0, len)) {
        len += 3;
        s[len - 3] = 'ο';
        s[len - 2] = 'υ';
        s[len - 1] = 'ν';
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private static final CharArraySet exc19 = new CharArraySet(Version.LUCENE_31,
        Arrays.asList("παρασουσ", "φ", "χ", "ωριοπλ", "αζ", "αλλοσουσ", "ασουσ"),
        false);
    
    private int rule19(char s[], int len) {
      boolean removed = false;
      
      if (len > 6 && (endsWith(s, len, "ησουμε") || endsWith(s, len, "ηθουμε"))) {
        len -= 6;
        removed = true;
      } else if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ουμε")) {
        len -= 4;
        removed = true;
      }
      
      if (removed && exc19.contains(s, 0, len)) {
        len += 3;
        s[len - 3] = 'ο';
        s[len - 2] = 'υ';
        s[len - 1] = 'μ';
      }
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule20(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "ματων") || endsWith(s, len, "ματοσ")))
        len -= 3;
      else if (len > 4 && endsWith(s, len, "ματα"))
        len -= 2;
      return len;
    }
  
    private int rule21(char s[], int len) {
      if (len > 9 && endsWith(s, len, "ιοντουσαν"))
        return len - 9;
      
      if (len > 8 && (endsWith(s, len, "ιομασταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιοσασταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιουμαστε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οντουσαν")))
        return len - 8;
      
      if (len > 7 && (endsWith(s, len, "ιεμαστε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιεσαστε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιομουνα") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιοσαστε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιοσουνα") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιουνται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιουνταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκατε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ομασταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οσασταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουμαστε")))
        return len - 7;
      
      if (len > 6 && (endsWith(s, len, "ιομουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιονταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιοσουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθειτε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθηκαν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ομουνα") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οσαστε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οσουνα") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουνται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουνταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουσατε")))
        return len - 6;
      
      if (len > 5 && (endsWith(s, len, "αγατε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιεμαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιεται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιεσαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιοταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ιουμα") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθεισ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηκατε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησατε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ομουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ονται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ονταν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οσουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουμαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουσαν")))
        return len - 5;
      
      if (len > 4 && (endsWith(s, len, "αγαν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "αμαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ασαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "αται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ειτε") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "εσαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "εται") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηδεσ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηδων") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθει") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηκαν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησαν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησει") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησεσ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ομαι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οταν")))
        return len - 4;
      
      if (len > 3 && (endsWith(s, len, "αει") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "εισ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ηθω") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησω") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ουσ")))
        return len - 3;
      
      if (len > 2 && (endsWith(s, len, "αν") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ασ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "αω") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ει") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "εσ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ησ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οι") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οσ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ου") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "υσ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ων")))
        return len - 2;
      
      if (len > 1 && endsWithVowel(s, len))
        return len - 1;
  
      return len;
    }
    
    private int rule22(char s[], int len) {
      if (endsWith(s, len, "εστερ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "εστατ"))
        return len - 5;
      
      if (endsWith(s, len, "οτερ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "οτατ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "υτερ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "υτατ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ωτερ") ||
          endsWith(s, len, "ωτατ"))
        return len - 4;
  
      return len;
    }
  
    private boolean endsWith(char s[], int len, String suffix) {
      final int suffixLen = suffix.length();
      if (suffixLen > len)
        return false;
      for (int i = suffixLen - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        if (s[len -(suffixLen - i)] != suffix.charAt(i))
          return false;
      
      return true;
    }
    
    private boolean endsWithVowel(char s[], int len) {
      if (len == 0)
        return false;
      switch(s[len - 1]) {
        case 'α':
        case 'ε':
        case 'η':
        case 'ι':
        case 'ο':
        case 'υ':
        case 'ω':
          return true;
        default:
          return false;
      }
    }
    
    private boolean endsWithVowelNoY(char s[], int len) {
      if (len == 0)
        return false;
      switch(s[len - 1]) {
        case 'α':
        case 'ε':
        case 'η':
        case 'ι':
        case 'ο':
        case 'ω':
          return true;
        default:
          return false;
      }
    }
  }
  