content: /*
   * This library is part of OpenCms -
   * the Open Source Content Management System
   *
   * Copyright (c) Alkacon Software GmbH & Co. KG (https://www.alkacon.com)
   *
   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
   * Lesser General Public License for more details.
   *
   * For further information about Alkacon Software GmbH & Co. KG, please see the
   * company website: https://www.alkacon.com
   *
   * For further information about OpenCms, please see the
   * project website: https://www.opencms.org
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
   * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
   *
   * This file is based on:
   * org.json.JSONObject
   * from the JSON in Java implementation.
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
   * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
   *
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
   * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   *
   * The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.
   *
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
   * SOFTWARE.
   */
  
  package org.opencms.json;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.Writer;
  import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.TreeSet;
  
  /**
   * A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its
   * external form is a string wrapped in curly braces with colons between the
   * names and values, and commas between the values and names. The internal form
   * is an object having <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods for
   * accessing the values by name, and <code>put</code> methods for adding or
   * replacing values by name. The values can be any of these types:
   * <code>Boolean</code>, <code>JSONArray</code>, <code>JSONObject</code>,
   * <code>Number</code>, <code>String</code>, or the <code>JSONObject.NULL</code>
   * object. A JSONObject constructor can be used to convert an external form
   * JSON text into an internal form whose values can be retrieved with the
   * <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods, or to convert values into a
   * JSON text using the <code>put</code> and <code>toString</code> methods.
   * A <code>get</code> method returns a value if one can be found, and throws an
   * exception if one cannot be found. An <code>opt</code> method returns a
   * default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for
   * obtaining optional values.
   * <p>
   * The generic <code>get()</code> and <code>opt()</code> methods return an
   * object, which you can cast or query for type. There are also typed
   * <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods that do type checking and type
   * conversion for you.
   * <p>
   * The <code>put</code> methods adds values to an object. For example, <pre>
   *     myString = new JSONObject().put("JSON", "Hello, World!").toString();</pre>
   * produces the string <code>{"JSON": "Hello, World"}</code>.
   * <p>
   * The texts produced by the <code>toString</code> methods strictly conform to
   * the JSON syntax rules.
   * The constructors are more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
   * <ul>
   * <li>An extra <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> may appear just
   *     before the closing brace.</li>
   * <li>Strings may be quoted with <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single
   *     quote)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote
   *     or single quote, and if they do not contain leading or trailing spaces,
   *     and if they do not contain any of these characters:
   *     <code>{ } [ ] / \ : , = ; #</code> and if they do not look like numbers
   *     and if they are not the reserved words <code>true</code>,
   *     <code>false</code>, or <code>null</code>.</li>
   * <li>Keys can be followed by <code>=</code> or <code>=></code> as well as
   *     by <code>:</code>.</li>
   * <li>Values can be followed by <code>;</code> <small>(semicolon)</small> as
   *     well as by <code>,</code> <small>(comma)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Numbers may have the <code>0-</code> <small>(octal)</small> or
   *     <code>0x-</code> <small>(hex)</small> prefix.</li>
   * <li>Comments written in the slashshlash, slashstar, and hash conventions
   *     will be ignored.</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   */
  public class JSONObject {
  
      /**
       * JSONObject.NULL is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls null,
       * whilst Java's null is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls
       * undefined.<p>
       */
      protected static final class Null {
  
          /**
           * A Null object is equal to the null value and to itself.<p>
           *
           * @param object an object to test for nullness
           * @return true if the object parameter is the JSONObject.NULL object or null
           */
          @Override
          public boolean equals(Object object) {
  
              return (object == null) || (object == this);
          }
  
          /**
           * @see Object#hashCode()
           */
          @Override
          public int hashCode() {
  
              return super.hashCode();
          }
  
          /**
           * Get the "null" string value.<p>
           *
           * @return the string "null".
           */
          @Override
          public String toString() {
  
              return "null";
          }
  
          /**
           * There is only intended to be a single instance of the NULL object,
           * so the clone method returns itself.<p>
           *
           * @return NULL.
           */
          @Override
          protected Object clone() {
  
              return this;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a
       * <code>NULL</code> object than to use Java's <code>null</code> value.
       * <code>JSONObject.NULL.equals(null)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
       * <code>JSONObject.NULL.toString()</code> returns <code>"null"</code>.
       */
      public static final Object NULL = new Null();
  
      /**
       * The map where the JSONObject's properties are kept.
       */
      private Map<String, Object> m_map;
  
      /**
       * Construct an empty JSONObject.<p>
       */
      public JSONObject() {
  
          this(false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct an empty sorted JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param sorted true for sorted, false for none sorted
       */
      public JSONObject(boolean sorted) {
  
          if (sorted) {
              m_map = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
          } else {
              m_map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * An array of strings is used to identify the keys that should be copied.
       * Missing keys are ignored.<p>
       *
       * @param jo a JSONObject
       * @param names an array of strings
       * @exception JSONException if a value is a non-finite number
       */
      public JSONObject(JSONObject jo, String[] names)
      throws JSONException {
  
          this();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i += 1) {
              putOpt(names[i], jo.opt(names[i]));
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.<p>
       *
       * @param x a JSONTokener object containing the source string
       * @throws JSONException if there is a syntax error in the source string
       */
      public JSONObject(JSONTokener x)
      throws JSONException {
  
          this(x, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener, optionally sorted.<p>
       *
       * @param x a JSONTokener object containing the source string
       * @param sorted true for sorted, false for none sorted
       * @throws JSONException if there is a syntax error in the source string
       */
      public JSONObject(JSONTokener x, boolean sorted)
      throws JSONException {
  
          this(sorted);
          char c;
          String key;
  
          if (x.nextClean() != '{') {
              throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must begin with '{'");
          }
          for (;;) {
              c = x.nextClean();
              switch (c) {
                  case 0:
                      throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must end with '}'");
                  case '}':
                      return;
                  default:
                      x.back();
                      key = x.nextValue().toString();
              }
  
              /*
               * The key is followed by ':'. We will also tolerate '=' or '=>'.
               */
  
              c = x.nextClean();
              if (c == '=') {
                  if (x.next() != '>') {
                      x.back();
                  }
              } else if (c != ':') {
                  throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ':' after a key");
              }
              put(key, x.nextValue());
  
              /*
               * Pairs are separated by ','. We will also tolerate ';'.
               */
  
              switch (x.nextClean()) {
                  case ';':
                  case ',':
                      if (x.nextClean() == '}') {
                          return;
                      }
                      x.back();
                      break;
                  case '}':
                      return;
                  default:
                      throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ',' or '}'");
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.<p>
       *
       * @param map a map object that can be used to initialize the contents of the JSONObject
       */
      public JSONObject(Map<String, Object> map) {
  
          m_map = (map == null) ? new HashMap<String, Object>() : map;
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.<p>
       *
       * Note: Use this constructor when the map contains &lt;key,bean&gt;.<p>
       *
       * @param map a map with Key-Bean data
       * @param includeSuperClass tell whether to include the super class properties.
       */
      public JSONObject(Map<String, Object> map, boolean includeSuperClass) {
  
          m_map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
          if (map != null) {
              for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> i = map.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                  Map.Entry<String, Object> e = i.next();
                  m_map.put(e.getKey(), new JSONObject(e.getValue(), includeSuperClass));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from an Object using bean getters<p>
       * It reflects on all of the public methods of the object.
       * For each of the methods with no parameters and a name starting
       * with <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> followed by an uppercase letter,
       * the method is invoked, and a key and the value returned from the getter method
       * are put into the new JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * The key is formed by removing the <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> prefix. If the second remaining
       * character is not upper case, then the first
       * character is converted to lower case.<p>
       *
       * For example, if an object has a method named <code>"getName"</code>, and
       * if the result of calling <code>object.getName()</code> is <code>"Larry Fine"</code>,
       * then the JSONObject will contain <code>"name": "Larry Fine"</code>.<p>
       *
       * @param bean an object that has getter methods that should be used to make a JSONObject
       */
      public JSONObject(Object bean) {
  
          this();
          populateInternalMap(bean, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct JSONObject from the given bean.<p>
       *
       * This will also create JSONObject for all internal object (List, Map, Inner Objects) of the provided bean.
       *
       * @see #JSONObject(Object bean) also.
       *
       * @param bean an object that has getter methods that should be used to make a JSONObject
       * @param includeSuperClass tell whether to include the super class properties.
       */
      public JSONObject(Object bean, boolean includeSuperClass) {
  
          this();
          populateInternalMap(bean, includeSuperClass);
      }
  
      /**
      * Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the
      * public members.<p>
      *
      * The resulting JSONObject's keys will be the strings
      * from the names array, and the values will be the field values associated
      * with those keys in the object. If a key is not found or not visible,
      * then it will not be copied into the new JSONObject.<p>
      *
      * @param object an object that has fields that should be used to make a JSONObject
      * @param names an array of strings, the names of the fields to be obtained from the object
      */
      public JSONObject(Object object, String[] names) {
  
          this();
          Class<?> c = object.getClass();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i += 1) {
              String name = names[i];
              try {
                  Field field = c.getField(name);
                  Object value = field.get(object);
                  this.put(name, value);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  /* forget about it */
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a source JSON text string.<p>
       *
       * This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.<p>
       *
       * @param source a string beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @exception JSONException if there is a syntax error in the source string
       */
      public JSONObject(String source)
      throws JSONException {
  
          this(source, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a source JSON text string, optionally sorted.<p>
       *
       * This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.<p>
       *
       * @param source a string beginning
       * @param sorted true for sorted, false for none sorted
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @exception JSONException if there is a syntax error in the source string
       */
      public JSONObject(String source, boolean sorted)
      throws JSONException {
  
          this(new JSONTokener(source), sorted);
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string from a double. The string "null" will be returned if
       * the number is not finite.<p>
       *
       * @param d a double
       * @return a String
       */
      public static String doubleToString(double d) {
  
          if (Double.isInfinite(d) || Double.isNaN(d)) {
              return "null";
          }
  
          // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
  
          String s = Double.toString(d);
          if ((s.indexOf('.') > 0) && (s.indexOf('e') < 0) && (s.indexOf('E') < 0)) {
              while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
              if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
          }
          return s;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an array of field names from a JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param jo the JSONObject
       * @return an array of field names, or null if there are no names
       */
      public static String[] getNames(JSONObject jo) {
  
          int length = jo.length();
          if (length == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          Iterator<String> i = jo.keys();
          String[] names = new String[length];
          int j = 0;
          while (i.hasNext()) {
              names[j] = i.next();
              j += 1;
          }
          return names;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an array of field names from an Object.<p>
       *
       * @param object the object
       * @return an array of field names, or null if there are no names
       */
      public static String[] getNames(Object object) {
  
          if (object == null) {
              return null;
          }
          Class<?> klass = object.getClass();
          Field[] fields = klass.getFields();
          int length = fields.length;
          if (length == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          String[] names = new String[length];
          for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
              names[i] = fields[i].getName();
          }
          return names;
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string from a Number.<p>
       *
       * @param  n a Number
       * @return a String
       * @throws JSONException if n is a non-finite number
       */
      public static String numberToString(Number n) throws JSONException {
  
          if (n == null) {
              throw new JSONException("Null pointer");
          }
          testValidity(n);
  
          // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
  
          String s = n.toString();
          if ((s.indexOf('.') > 0) && (s.indexOf('e') < 0) && (s.indexOf('E') < 0)) {
              while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
              if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
          }
          return s;
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the
       * right places.<p>
       *
       * A backslash will be inserted, allowing JSON
       * text to be delivered in HTML. In JSON text, a string cannot contain a
       * control character or an unescaped quote or backslash.<p>
       *
       * @param string a String
       * @return  a String correctly formatted for insertion in a JSON text
       */
      public static String quote(String string) {
  
          if ((string == null) || (string.length() == 0)) {
              return "\"\"";
          }
  
          char b;
          char c = 0;
          int i;
          int len = string.length();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(len + 4);
          String t;
  
          sb.append('"');
          for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
              b = c;
              c = string.charAt(i);
              switch (c) {
                  case '\\':
                  case '"':
                      sb.append('\\');
                      sb.append(c);
                      break;
                  case '/':
                      if (b == '<') {
                          sb.append('\\');
                      }
                      sb.append(c);
                      break;
                  case '\b':
                      sb.append("\\b");
                      break;
                  case '\t':
                      sb.append("\\t");
                      break;
                  case '\n':
                      sb.append("\\n");
                      break;
                  case '\f':
                      sb.append("\\f");
                      break;
                  case '\r':
                      sb.append("\\r");
                      break;
                  default:
                      if ((c == '\'')
                          || (c < ' ')
                          || ((c >= '\u0080') && (c < '\u00a0'))
                          || ((c >= '\u2000') && (c < '\u2100'))) {
                          t = "000" + Integer.toHexString(c);
                          sb.append("\\u" + t.substring(t.length() - 4));
                      } else {
                          sb.append(c);
                      }
              }
          }
          sb.append('"');
          return sb.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a JSON text of an Object value.<p>
       *
       * If the object has an value.toJSONString() method, then that method will be used to produce
       * the JSON text. The method is required to produce a strictly
       * conforming text. If the object does not contain a toJSONString
       * method (which is the most common case), then a text will be
       * produced by other means. If the value is an array or Collection,
       * then a JSONArray will be made from it and its toJSONString method
       * will be called. If the value is a MAP, then a JSONObject will be made
       * from it and its toJSONString method will be called. Otherwise, the
       * value's toString method will be called, and the result will be quoted.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @param value the value to be serialized
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
       *  representation of the object, beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @throws JSONException if the value is or contains an invalid number
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public static String valueToString(Object value) throws JSONException {
  
          if ((value == null) || value.equals(null)) {
              return "null";
          }
          if (value instanceof I_JSONString) {
              Object o;
              try {
                  o = ((I_JSONString)value).toJSONString();
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  throw new JSONException(e);
              }
              if (o instanceof String) {
                  return (String)o;
              }
              throw new JSONException("Bad value from toJSONString: " + o);
          }
          if (value instanceof Number) {
              return numberToString((Number)value);
          }
          if ((value instanceof Boolean) || (value instanceof JSONObject) || (value instanceof JSONArray)) {
              return value.toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof Map) {
              return new JSONObject((Map<String, Object>)value).toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof Collection) {
              return new JSONArray((Collection<Object>)value).toString();
          }
          if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
              return new JSONArray(value).toString();
          }
          return quote(value.toString());
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a pretty printed JSON text of an object value.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @param value the value to be serialized
       * @param indentFactor the number of spaces to add to each level of
       *  indentation
       * @param indent the indentation of the top level
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
       *  representation of the object, beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @throws JSONException if the object contains an invalid number
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public static String valueToString(Object value, int indentFactor, int indent) throws JSONException {
  
          if ((value == null) || value.equals(null)) {
              return "null";
          }
          try {
              if (value instanceof I_JSONString) {
                  Object o = ((I_JSONString)value).toJSONString();
                  if (o instanceof String) {
                      return (String)o;
                  }
              }
          } catch (Exception e) {
              /* forget about it */
          }
          if (value instanceof Number) {
              return numberToString((Number)value);
          }
          if (value instanceof Boolean) {
              return value.toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
              return ((JSONObject)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
              return ((JSONArray)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof Map) {
              return new JSONObject((Map<String, Object>)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof Collection) {
              return new JSONArray((Collection<Object>)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
              return new JSONArray(value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          return quote(value.toString());
      }
  
      /**
       * Throws an exception if the object is an NaN or infinite number.<p>
       *
       * @param o the object to test
       * @throws JSONException if o is a non-finite number
       */
      static void testValidity(Object o) throws JSONException {
  
          if (o != null) {
              if (o instanceof Double) {
                  if (((Double)o).isInfinite() || ((Double)o).isNaN()) {
                      throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
                  }
              } else if (o instanceof Float) {
                  if (((Float)o).isInfinite() || ((Float)o).isNaN()) {
                      throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Accumulate values under a key.<p>
       *
       * It is similar to the put method except
       * that if there is already an object stored under the key then a
       * JSONArray is stored under the key to hold all of the accumulated values.
       * If there is already a JSONArray, then the new value is appended to it.
       * In contrast, the put method replaces the previous value.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value an object to be accumulated under the key
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the value is an invalid number or if the key is null
       */
      public JSONObject accumulate(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
  
          testValidity(value);
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              put(key, value instanceof JSONArray ? new JSONArray().put(value) : value);
          } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              ((JSONArray)o).put(value);
          } else {
              put(key, new JSONArray().put(o).put(value));
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Append values to the array under a key.<p>
       *
       * If the key does not exist in the
       * JSONObject, then the key is put in the JSONObject with its value being a
       * JSONArray containing the value parameter. If the key was already
       * associated with a JSONArray, then the value parameter is appended to it.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value an object to be accumulated under the key
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the key is null or if the current value
       *  associated with the key is not a JSONArray
       */
      public JSONObject append(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
  
          testValidity(value);
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              put(key, new JSONArray().put(value));
          } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              put(key, ((JSONArray)o).put(value));
          } else {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + key + "] is not a JSONArray.");
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the value object associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      the object associated with the key
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found
       */
      public Object get(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] not found.");
          }
          return o;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the boolean value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   A key string
       * @return      the truth
       * @throws   JSONException if the value is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false"
       */
      public boolean getBoolean(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o.equals(Boolean.FALSE) || ((o instanceof String) && ((String)o).equalsIgnoreCase("false"))) {
              return false;
          } else if (o.equals(Boolean.TRUE) || ((o instanceof String) && ((String)o).equalsIgnoreCase("true"))) {
              return true;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a Boolean.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the double value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      the numeric value
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or
       *  if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a number
       */
      public double getDouble(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          try {
              return o instanceof Number ? ((Number)o).doubleValue() : Double.valueOf((String)o).doubleValue();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a number.");
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the int value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * If the number value is too  large for an int, it will be clipped.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      the integer value
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot
       *  be converted to an integer
       */
      public int getInt(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number)o).intValue() : (int)getDouble(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a JSONArray which is the value
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or
       *  if the value is not a JSONArray
       */
      public JSONArray getJSONArray(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              return (JSONArray)o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONArray.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a JSONObject which is the value
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or
       *  if the value is not a JSONObject
       */
      public JSONObject getJSONObject(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o instanceof JSONObject) {
              return (JSONObject)o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONObject.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the long value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * If the number value is too long for a long, it will be clipped.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      the long value.
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot
       *  be converted to a long
       */
      public long getLong(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          Object o = get(key);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number)o).longValue() : (long)getDouble(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the string associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a string which is the value
       * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found
       */
      public String getString(String key) throws JSONException {
  
          return get(key).toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      true if the key exists in the JSONObject
       */
      public boolean has(String key) {
  
          return m_map.containsKey(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is no value.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      true if there is no value associated with the key or if
       *  the value is the JSONObject.NULL object
       */
      public boolean isNull(String key) {
  
          return JSONObject.NULL.equals(opt(key));
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @return an iterator of the keys
       */
      public Iterator<String> keys() {
  
          return m_map.keySet().iterator();
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the set of keys.<p>
       *
       * @return the set of keys
       */
      public Set<String> keySet() {
  
          return m_map.keySet();
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @return The number of keys in the JSONObject
       */
      public int length() {
  
          return m_map.size();
      }
  
      /**
       * Merges the current JSON object with the given one, modifying the this.<p>
       *
       * @param jo the JSON object to merge
       * @param overwrite if to overwrite values
       * @param deep if to recurse in object values
       *
       * @throws JSONException if a value is a non-finite number
       *
       * @since 7.6
       */
      public void merge(JSONObject jo, boolean overwrite, boolean deep) throws JSONException {
  
          Iterator<String> it = jo.keys();
          while (it.hasNext()) {
              String key = it.next();
              if (!has(key)) {
                  put(key, jo.get(key));
                  continue;
              }
              boolean recurse = deep && (jo.optJSONObject(key) != null) && (optJSONObject(key) != null);
              if (overwrite && !recurse) {
                  put(key, jo.get(key));
                  continue;
              }
              if (recurse) {
                  getJSONObject(key).merge(jo.getJSONObject(key), overwrite, deep);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @return a JSONArray containing the key strings, or null if the JSONObject is empty.
       */
      public JSONArray names() {
  
          JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
          Iterator<String> keys = keys();
          while (keys.hasNext()) {
              ja.put(keys.next());
          }
          return ja.length() == 0 ? null : ja;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional value associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      an object which is the value, or null if there is no value
       */
      public Object opt(String key) {
  
          return key == null ? null : m_map.get(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional boolean associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * It returns false if there is no such key, or if the value is not
       * Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      the truth
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(String key) {
  
          return optBoolean(key, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional boolean associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key, or if it is not
       * a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).<p>
       *
       * @param key              a key string
       * @param defaultValue     the default
       * @return      the truth
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(String key, boolean defaultValue) {
  
          try {
              return getBoolean(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional double associated with a key,
       * or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a string which is the key
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public double optDouble(String key) {
  
          return optDouble(key, Double.NaN);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional double associated with a key, or the
       * defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param defaultValue     the default
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public double optDouble(String key, double defaultValue) {
  
          try {
              Object o = opt(key);
              return o instanceof Number ? ((Number)o).doubleValue() : Double.valueOf((String)o).doubleValue();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional int value associated with a key,
       * or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public int optInt(String key) {
  
          return optInt(key, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional int value associated with a key,
       * or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param defaultValue     the default
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public int optInt(String key, int defaultValue) {
  
          try {
              return getInt(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a
       * JSONArray.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a JSONArray which is the value
       */
      public JSONArray optJSONArray(String key) {
  
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o instanceof JSONArray ? (JSONArray)o : null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a
       * JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a JSONObject which is the value
       */
      public JSONObject optJSONObject(String key) {
  
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o instanceof JSONObject ? (JSONObject)o : null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional long value associated with a key,
       * or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public long optLong(String key) {
  
          return optLong(key, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional long value associated with a key,
       * or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.<p>
       *
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
       * a number.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param defaultValue     the default
       * @return      an object which is the value
       */
      public long optLong(String key, long defaultValue) {
  
          try {
              return getLong(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional string associated with a key.<p>
       *
       * It returns an empty string if there is no such key. If the value is not
       * a string and is not null, then it is coverted to a string.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @return      a string which is the value
       */
      public String optString(String key) {
  
          return optString(key, "");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional string associated with a key.
       * It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param defaultValue     the default
       * @return      a string which is the value
       */
      public String optString(String key, String defaultValue) {
  
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o != null ? o.toString() : defaultValue;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value a boolean which is the value
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the key is null
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, boolean value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, value ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a
       * JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value a Collection value
       * @return      this
       * @throws JSONException if something goes wrong
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Collection<Object> value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, new JSONArray(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value a double which is the value
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the key is null or if the number is invalid.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, double value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, Double.valueOf(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value an int which is the value
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the key is null
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, int value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, Integer.valueOf(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value a long which is the value
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, long value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, Long.valueOf(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a
       * JSONObject which is produced from a Map.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value a Map value
       * @return      this
       * @throws JSONException if something goes wrong
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Map<String, Object> value) throws JSONException {
  
          put(key, new JSONObject(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * If the value is null,
       * then the key will be removed from the JSONObject if it is present.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value an object which is the value. It should be of one of these
       *  types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String,
       *  or the JSONObject.NULL object
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the value is non-finite number
       *  or if the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
  
          if (key == null) {
              throw new JSONException("Null key.");
          }
          if (value != null) {
              testValidity(value);
              m_map.put(key, value);
          } else {
              remove(key);
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the
       * key and the value are both non-null.<p>
       *
       * @param key   a key string
       * @param value an object which is the value. It should be of one of these
       *  types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String,
       *  or the JSONObject.NULL object
       * @return this
       * @throws JSONException if the value is a non-finite number.
       */
      public JSONObject putOpt(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
  
          if ((key != null) && (value != null)) {
              put(key, value);
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Remove a name and its value, if present.<p>
       *
       * @param key the name to be removed
       * @return the value that was associated with the name,
       * or null if there was no value
       */
      public Object remove(String key) {
  
          return m_map.remove(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * The keys will be sorted alphabetically.<p>
       *
       * @return an iterator of the keys
       */
      public Iterator<String> sortedKeys() {
  
          return new TreeSet<String>(m_map.keySet()).iterator();
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this
       * JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * @param names a JSONArray containing a list of key strings. This
       * determines the sequence of the values in the result
       * @return a JSONArray of values
       * @throws JSONException if any of the values are non-finite numbers.
       */
      public JSONArray toJSONArray(JSONArray names) throws JSONException {
  
          if ((names == null) || (names.length() == 0)) {
              return null;
          }
          JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i += 1) {
              ja.put(opt(names.getString(i)));
          }
          return ja;
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a JSON text of this JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * For compactness, no whitespace
       * is added. If this would not result in a syntactically correct JSON text,
       * then null will be returned instead.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable
       *  representation of the object, beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       */
      @Override
      public String toString() {
  
          try {
              Iterator<String> keys = keys();
              StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
  
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  if (sb.length() > 1) {
                      sb.append(',');
                  }
                  Object o = keys.next();
                  sb.append(quote(o.toString()));
                  sb.append(':');
                  sb.append(valueToString(m_map.get(o)));
              }
              sb.append('}');
              return sb.toString();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return null;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a pretty printed JSON text of this JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @param indentFactor the number of spaces to add to each level of
       *  indentation
       * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable
       *  representation of the object, beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number
       */
      public String toString(int indentFactor) throws JSONException {
  
          return toString(indentFactor, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer.
       * For compactness, no whitespace is added.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @param writer the writer to write the contents to
       * @return the writer
       * @throws JSONException if something goes wrong
       */
      public Writer write(Writer writer) throws JSONException {
  
          try {
              boolean b = false;
              Iterator<String> keys = keys();
              writer.write('{');
  
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  if (b) {
                      writer.write(',');
                  }
                  String k = keys.next();
                  writer.write(quote(k.toString()));
                  writer.write(':');
                  Object v = m_map.get(k);
                  if (v instanceof JSONObject) {
                      ((JSONObject)v).write(writer);
                  } else if (v instanceof JSONArray) {
                      ((JSONArray)v).write(writer);
                  } else {
                      writer.write(valueToString(v));
                  }
                  b = true;
              }
              writer.write('}');
              return writer;
          } catch (IOException e) {
              throw new JSONException(e);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a pretty printed JSON text of this JSONObject.<p>
       *
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.<p>
       *
       * @param indentFactor the number of spaces to add to each level of
       *  indentation
       * @param indent the indentation of the top level
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
       *  representation of the object, beginning
       *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
       *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>
       * @throws JSONException if the object contains an invalid number
       */
      String toString(int indentFactor, int indent) throws JSONException {
  
          int j;
          int n = length();
          if (n == 0) {
              return "{}";
          }
          Iterator<String> keys = sortedKeys();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
          int newindent = indent + indentFactor;
          String key;
          if (n == 1) {
              key = keys.next();
              sb.append(quote(key));
              sb.append(": ");
              sb.append(valueToString(m_map.get(key), indentFactor, indent));
          } else {
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  key = keys.next();
                  if (sb.length() > 1) {
                      sb.append(",\n");
                  } else {
                      sb.append('\n');
                  }
                  for (j = 0; j < newindent; j += 1) {
                      sb.append(' ');
                  }
                  sb.append(quote(key));
                  sb.append(": ");
                  sb.append(valueToString(m_map.get(key), indentFactor, newindent));
              }
              if (sb.length() > 1) {
                  sb.append('\n');
                  for (j = 0; j < indent; j += 1) {
                      sb.append(' ');
                  }
              }
          }
          sb.append('}');
          return sb.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns if the given class is a standard property.<p>
       *
       * @param clazz the class
       *
       * @return <code>true</code> if the given class is a standard property
       */
      private boolean isStandardProperty(Class<?> clazz) {
  
          return clazz.isPrimitive()
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Byte.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Short.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Double.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Character.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(String.class)
              || clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean.class);
      }
  
      /**
       * Populates the internal map.<p>
       *
       * @param bean the bean
       * @param includeSuperClass flag indicating if super class properties should be included
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      private void populateInternalMap(Object bean, boolean includeSuperClass) {
  
          Class<?> klass = bean.getClass();
  
          //If klass.getSuperClass is System class then includeSuperClass = false;
  
          if (klass.getClassLoader() == null) {
              includeSuperClass = false;
          }
  
          Method[] methods = (includeSuperClass) ? klass.getMethods() : klass.getDeclaredMethods();
          for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i += 1) {
              try {
                  Method method = methods[i];
                  String name = method.getName();
                  String key = "";
                  if (name.startsWith("get")) {
                      key = name.substring(3);
                  } else if (name.startsWith("is")) {
                      key = name.substring(2);
                  }
                  if ((key.length() > 0)
                      && Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(0))
                      && (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0)) {
                      if (key.length() == 1) {
                          key = key.toLowerCase();
                      } else if (!Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(1))) {
                          key = key.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() + key.substring(1);
                      }
  
                      Object result = method.invoke(bean, (Object[])null);
                      if (result == null) {
                          m_map.put(key, NULL);
                      } else if (result.getClass().isArray()) {
                          m_map.put(key, new JSONArray(result, includeSuperClass));
                      } else if (result instanceof Collection) { //List or Set
                          m_map.put(key, new JSONArray((Collection<Object>)result, includeSuperClass));
                      } else if (result instanceof Map) {
                          m_map.put(key, new JSONObject((Map<String, Object>)result, includeSuperClass));
                      } else if (isStandardProperty(result.getClass())) { //Primitives, String and Wrapper
                          m_map.put(key, result);
                      } else {
                          if (result.getClass().getPackage().getName().startsWith("java")
                              || (result.getClass().getClassLoader() == null)) {
                              m_map.put(key, result.toString());
                          } else { //User defined Objects
                              m_map.put(key, new JSONObject(result, includeSuperClass));
                          }
                      }
                  }
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  throw new RuntimeException(e);
              }
          }
      }
  }
  