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   * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   *
   * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
   * accompanied this code).
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
   * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
   *
   * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
   * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
   * questions.
   */
  
  package java.util;
  
  /**
   * This exception may be thrown by methods that have detected concurrent
   * modification of an object when such modification is not permissible.
   * <p>
   * For example, it is not generally permissible for one thread to modify a Collection
   * while another thread is iterating over it.  In general, the results of the
   * iteration are undefined under these circumstances.  Some Iterator
   * implementations (including those of all the general purpose collection implementations
   * provided by the JRE) may choose to throw this exception if this behavior is
   * detected.  Iterators that do this are known as <i>fail-fast</i> iterators,
   * as they fail quickly and cleanly, rather that risking arbitrary,
   * non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
   * <p>
   * Note that this exception does not always indicate that an object has
   * been concurrently modified by a <i>different</i> thread.  If a single
   * thread issues a sequence of method invocations that violates the
   * contract of an object, the object may throw this exception.  For
   * example, if a thread modifies a collection directly while it is
   * iterating over the collection with a fail-fast iterator, the iterator
   * will throw this exception.
   *
   * <p>Note that fail-fast behavior cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally
   * speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of
   * unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast operations
   * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
   * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
   * exception for its correctness: <i>{@code ConcurrentModificationException}
   * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
   *
   * @author  Josh Bloch
   * @see     Collection
   * @see     Iterator
   * @see     Spliterator
   * @see     ListIterator
   * @see     Vector
   * @see     LinkedList
   * @see     HashSet
   * @see     Hashtable
   * @see     TreeMap
   * @see     AbstractList
   * @since   1.2
   */
  public class ConcurrentModificationException extends RuntimeException {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = -3666751008965953603L;
  
      /**
       * Constructs a ConcurrentModificationException with no
       * detail message.
       */
      public ConcurrentModificationException() {
      }
  
      /**
       * Constructs a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} with the
       * specified detail message.
       *
       * @param message the detail message pertaining to this exception.
       */
      public ConcurrentModificationException(String message) {
          super(message);
      }
  
      /**
       * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
       * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
       * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}.
       *
       * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
       *         {@link Throwable#getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
       *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
       *         unknown.)
       * @since  1.7
       */
      public ConcurrentModificationException(Throwable cause) {
          super(cause);
      }
  
      /**
       * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
       * cause.
       *
       * <p>Note that the detail message associated with <code>cause</code> is
       * <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in this exception's detail
       * message.
       *
       * @param  message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
       *         by the {@link Throwable#getMessage()} method).
       * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
       *         {@link Throwable#getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value
       *         is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
       *         unknown.)
       * @since 1.7
       */
      public ConcurrentModificationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
          super(message, cause);
      }
  }
  