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   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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  /*
   * Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
   *
   * All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
   *
   *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
   *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   *
   *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
   *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
   *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   *
   *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
   *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   *    without specific prior written permission.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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   * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
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   * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   */
  package java.time.chrono;
  
  import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
  import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH;
  import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
  
  import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  import java.io.Serializable;
  import java.time.Clock;
  import java.time.DateTimeException;
  import java.time.Instant;
  import java.time.LocalDate;
  import java.time.ZoneId;
  import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;
  import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
  import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
  import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
  import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Map;
  
  /**
   * The Minguo calendar system.
   * <p>
   * This chronology defines the rules of the Minguo calendar system.
   * This calendar system is primarily used in the Republic of China, often known as Taiwan.
   * Dates are aligned such that {@code 0001-01-01 (Minguo)} is {@code 1912-01-01 (ISO)}.
   * <p>
   * The fields are defined as follows:
   * <ul>
   * <li>era - There are two eras, the current 'Republic' (ERA_ROC) and the previous era (ERA_BEFORE_ROC).
   * <li>year-of-era - The year-of-era for the current era increases uniformly from the epoch at year one.
   *  For the previous era the year increases from one as time goes backwards.
   *  The value for the current era is equal to the ISO proleptic-year minus 1911.
   * <li>proleptic-year - The proleptic year is the same as the year-of-era for the
   *  current era. For the previous era, years have zero, then negative values.
   *  The value is equal to the ISO proleptic-year minus 1911.
   * <li>month-of-year - The Minguo month-of-year exactly matches ISO.
   * <li>day-of-month - The Minguo day-of-month exactly matches ISO.
   * <li>day-of-year - The Minguo day-of-year exactly matches ISO.
   * <li>leap-year - The Minguo leap-year pattern exactly matches ISO, such that the two calendars
   *  are never out of step.
   * </ul>
   *
   * @implSpec
   * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
   *
   * @since 1.8
   */
  public final class MinguoChronology extends AbstractChronology implements Serializable {
  
      /**
       * Singleton instance for the Minguo chronology.
       */
      public static final MinguoChronology INSTANCE = new MinguoChronology();
  
      /**
       * Serialization version.
       */
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1039765215346859963L;
      /**
       * The difference in years between ISO and Minguo.
       */
      static final int YEARS_DIFFERENCE = 1911;
  
      /**
       * Restricted constructor.
       */
      private MinguoChronology() {
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * Gets the ID of the chronology - 'Minguo'.
       * <p>
       * The ID uniquely identifies the {@code Chronology}.
       * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link Chronology#of(String)}.
       *
       * @return the chronology ID - 'Minguo'
       * @see #getCalendarType()
       */
      @Override
      public String getId() {
          return "Minguo";
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the calendar type of the underlying calendar system - 'roc'.
       * <p>
       * The calendar type is an identifier defined by the
       * <em>Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</em> specification.
       * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link Chronology#of(String)}.
       * It can also be used as part of a locale, accessible via
       * {@link Locale#getUnicodeLocaleType(String)} with the key 'ca'.
       *
       * @return the calendar system type - 'roc'
       * @see #getId()
       */
      @Override
      public String getCalendarType() {
          return "roc";
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * Obtains a local date in Minguo calendar system from the
       * era, year-of-era, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
       *
       * @param era  the Minguo era, not null
       * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era
       * @param month  the month-of-year
       * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month
       * @return the Minguo local date, not null
       * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
       * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code MinguoEra}
       */
      @Override
      public MinguoDate date(Era era, int yearOfEra, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
          return date(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), month, dayOfMonth);
      }
  
      /**
       * Obtains a local date in Minguo calendar system from the
       * proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
       *
       * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year
       * @param month  the month-of-year
       * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month
       * @return the Minguo local date, not null
       * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
       */
      @Override
      public MinguoDate date(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
          return new MinguoDate(LocalDate.of(prolepticYear + YEARS_DIFFERENCE, month, dayOfMonth));
      }
  
      /**
       * Obtains a local date in Minguo calendar system from the
       * era, year-of-era and day-of-year fields.
       *
       * @param era  the Minguo era, not null
       * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era
       * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year
       * @return the Minguo local date, not null
       * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
       * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code MinguoEra}
       */
      @Override
      public MinguoDate dateYearDay(Era era, int yearOfEra, int dayOfYear) {
          return dateYearDay(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), dayOfYear);
      }
  
      /**
       * Obtains a local date in Minguo calendar system from the
       * proleptic-year and day-of-year fields.
       *
       * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year
       * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year
       * @return the Minguo local date, not null
       * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
       */
      @Override
      public MinguoDate dateYearDay(int prolepticYear, int dayOfYear) {
          return new MinguoDate(LocalDate.ofYearDay(prolepticYear + YEARS_DIFFERENCE, dayOfYear));
      }
  
      /**
       * Obtains a local date in the Minguo calendar system from the epoch-day.
       *
       * @param epochDay  the epoch day
       * @return the Minguo local date, not null
       * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
       */
      @Override  // override with covariant return type
      public MinguoDate dateEpochDay(long epochDay) {
          return new MinguoDate(LocalDate.ofEpochDay(epochDay));
      }
  
      @Override
      public MinguoDate dateNow() {
          return dateNow(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
      }
  
      @Override
      public MinguoDate dateNow(ZoneId zone) {
          return dateNow(Clock.system(zone));
      }
  
      @Override
      public MinguoDate dateNow(Clock clock) {
          return date(LocalDate.now(clock));
      }
  
      @Override
      public MinguoDate date(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
          if (temporal instanceof MinguoDate) {
              return (MinguoDate) temporal;
          }
          return new MinguoDate(LocalDate.from(temporal));
      }
  
      @Override
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public ChronoLocalDateTime<MinguoDate> localDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
          return (ChronoLocalDateTime<MinguoDate>)super.localDateTime(temporal);
      }
  
      @Override
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public ChronoZonedDateTime<MinguoDate> zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
          return (ChronoZonedDateTime<MinguoDate>)super.zonedDateTime(temporal);
      }
  
      @Override
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public ChronoZonedDateTime<MinguoDate> zonedDateTime(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
          return (ChronoZonedDateTime<MinguoDate>)super.zonedDateTime(instant, zone);
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * Checks if the specified year is a leap year.
       * <p>
       * Minguo leap years occur exactly in line with ISO leap years.
       * This method does not validate the year passed in, and only has a
       * well-defined result for years in the supported range.
       *
       * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year to check, not validated for range
       * @return true if the year is a leap year
       */
      @Override
      public boolean isLeapYear(long prolepticYear) {
          return IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(prolepticYear + YEARS_DIFFERENCE);
      }
  
      @Override
      public int prolepticYear(Era era, int yearOfEra) {
          if (era instanceof MinguoEra == false) {
              throw new ClassCastException("Era must be MinguoEra");
          }
          return (era == MinguoEra.ROC ? yearOfEra : 1 - yearOfEra);
      }
  
      @Override
      public MinguoEra eraOf(int eraValue) {
          return MinguoEra.of(eraValue);
      }
  
      @Override
      public List<Era> eras() {
          return Arrays.<Era>asList(MinguoEra.values());
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      @Override
      public ValueRange range(ChronoField field) {
          switch (field) {
              case PROLEPTIC_MONTH: {
                  ValueRange range = PROLEPTIC_MONTH.range();
                  return ValueRange.of(range.getMinimum() - YEARS_DIFFERENCE * 12L, range.getMaximum() - YEARS_DIFFERENCE * 12L);
              }
              case YEAR_OF_ERA: {
                  ValueRange range = YEAR.range();
                  return ValueRange.of(1, range.getMaximum() - YEARS_DIFFERENCE, -range.getMinimum() + 1 + YEARS_DIFFERENCE);
              }
              case YEAR: {
                  ValueRange range = YEAR.range();
                  return ValueRange.of(range.getMinimum() - YEARS_DIFFERENCE, range.getMaximum() - YEARS_DIFFERENCE);
              }
          }
          return field.range();
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      @Override  // override for return type
      public MinguoDate resolveDate(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
          return (MinguoDate) super.resolveDate(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * Writes the Chronology using a
       * <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.chrono.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
       * @serialData
       * <pre>
       *  out.writeByte(1);     // identifies a Chronology
       *  out.writeUTF(getId());
       * </pre>
       *
       * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
       */
      @Override
      Object writeReplace() {
          return super.writeReplace();
      }
  
      /**
       * Defend against malicious streams.
       *
       * @param s the stream to read
       * @throws InvalidObjectException always
       */
      private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
          throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
      }
  }
  