content: /*
   * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
   * Copyright (c) 1994, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   *
   * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
   * accompanied this code).
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
   * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
   *
   * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
   * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
   * questions.
   */
  
  package java.lang;
  
  import dalvik.annotation.optimization.FastNative;
  
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.Serializable;
  import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
  import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import libcore.reflect.GenericSignatureParser;
  import libcore.reflect.InternalNames;
  import libcore.reflect.Types;
  import libcore.util.BasicLruCache;
  import libcore.util.CollectionUtils;
  import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
  
  import dalvik.system.ClassExt;
  import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  
  /**
   * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
   * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
   * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
   * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
   * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
   * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
   * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
   * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
   * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
   * represented as {@code Class} objects.
   *
   * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
   * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
   * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
   * loader.
   *
   * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
   * class name of an object:
   *
   * <blockquote><pre>
   *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
   *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
   *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
   *     }
   * </pre></blockquote>
   *
   * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
   * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
   * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
   * For example:
   *
   * <blockquote>
   *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
   * </blockquote>
   *
   * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
   * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
   * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
   * unknown.
   *
   * @author  unascribed
   * @see     ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
   * @since   JDK1.0
   */
  public final class Class<T> implements Serializable,
                                GenericDeclaration,
                                Type,
                                AnnotatedElement {
      private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
      private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
      private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
      private static final int FINALIZABLE = 0x80000000;
  
      /** defining class loader, or null for the "bootstrap" system loader. */
      private transient ClassLoader classLoader;
  
      /**
       * For array classes, the component class object for instanceof/checkcast (for String[][][],
       * this will be String[][]). null for non-array classes.
       */
      private transient Class<?> componentType;
  
      /**
       * DexCache of resolved constant pool entries. Will be null for certain runtime-generated classes
       * e.g. arrays and primitive classes.
       */
      private transient Object dexCache;
  
      /**
       * Extra data that only some classes possess. This is allocated lazily as needed.
       */
      private transient ClassExt extData;
  
      /**
       * The interface table (iftable_) contains pairs of a interface class and an array of the
       * interface methods. There is one pair per interface supported by this class.  That
       * means one pair for each interface we support directly, indirectly via superclass, or
       * indirectly via a superinterface.  This will be null if neither we nor our superclass
       * implement any interfaces.
       *
       * Why we need this: given "class Foo implements Face", declare "Face faceObj = new Foo()".
       * Invoke faceObj.blah(), where "blah" is part of the Face interface.  We can't easily use a
       * single vtable.
       *
       * For every interface a concrete class implements, we create an array of the concrete vtable_
       * methods for the methods in the interface.
       */
      private transient Object[] ifTable;
  
      /** Lazily computed name of this class; always prefer calling getName(). */
      private transient String name;
  
      /** The superclass, or null if this is java.lang.Object, an interface or primitive type. */
      private transient Class<? super T> superClass;
  
      /**
       * Virtual method table (vtable), for use by "invoke-virtual". The vtable from the superclass
       * is copied in, and virtual methods from our class either replace those from the super or are
       * appended. For abstract classes, methods may be created in the vtable that aren't in
       * virtual_ methods_ for miranda methods.
       */
      private transient Object vtable;
  
      /**
       * Instance fields. These describe the layout of the contents of an Object. Note that only the
       * fields directly declared by this class are listed in iFields; fields declared by a
       * superclass are listed in the superclass's Class.iFields.
       *
       * All instance fields that refer to objects are guaranteed to be at the beginning of the field
       * list.  {@link Class#numReferenceInstanceFields} specifies the number of reference fields.
       */
      private transient long iFields;
  
      /** All methods with this class as the base for virtual dispatch. */
      private transient long methods;
  
      /** Static fields */
      private transient long sFields;
  
      /** access flags; low 16 bits are defined by VM spec */
      private transient int accessFlags;
  
      /** Class flags to help the GC with object scanning. */
      private transient int classFlags;
  
      /**
       * Total size of the Class instance; used when allocating storage on GC heap.
       * See also {@link Class#objectSize}.
       */
      private transient int classSize;
  
      /**
       * tid used to check for recursive static initializer invocation.
       */
      private transient int clinitThreadId;
  
      /**
       * Class def index from dex file. An index of 65535 indicates that there is no class definition,
       * for example for an array type.
       * TODO: really 16bits as type indices are 16bit.
       */
      private transient int dexClassDefIndex;
  
      /**
       * Class type index from dex file, lazily computed. An index of 65535 indicates that the type
       * index isn't known. Volatile to avoid double-checked locking bugs.
       * TODO: really 16bits as type indices are 16bit.
       */
      private transient volatile int dexTypeIndex;
  
      /** Number of instance fields that are object references. */
      private transient int numReferenceInstanceFields;
  
      /** Number of static fields that are object references. */
      private transient int numReferenceStaticFields;
  
      /**
       * Total object size; used when allocating storage on GC heap. For interfaces and abstract
       * classes this will be zero. See also {@link Class#classSize}.
       */
      private transient int objectSize;
  
      /**
       * Aligned object size for allocation fast path. The value is max int if the object is
       * uninitialized or finalizable, otherwise the aligned object size.
       */
      private transient int objectSizeAllocFastPath;
  
      /**
       * The lower 16 bits is the primitive type value, or 0 if not a primitive type; set for
       * generated primitive classes.
       */
      private transient int primitiveType;
  
      /** Bitmap of offsets of iFields. */
      private transient int referenceInstanceOffsets;
  
      /** State of class initialization */
      private transient int status;
  
      /** Offset of the first virtual method copied from an interface in the methods array. */
      private transient short copiedMethodsOffset;
  
      /** Offset of the first virtual method defined in this class in the methods array. */
      private transient short virtualMethodsOffset;
  
      /*
       * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
       * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
       * generated.
       */
      private Class() {}
  
  
      /**
       * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
       * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
       * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
       * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
       * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
       * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
       * "void".
       *
       * @return a string representation of this class object.
       */
      public String toString() {
          return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
              + getName();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
       * information about modifiers and type parameters.
       *
       * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
       * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
       * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
       * <code>&#64;</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
       * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
       * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
       *
       * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
       * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
       * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
       * type parameter list is elided.
       *
       * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
       * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
       * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
       * code may be present.
       *
       * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
       * information about modifiers and type parameters
       *
       * @since 1.8
       */
      public String toGenericString() {
          if (isPrimitive()) {
              return toString();
          } else {
              StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  
              // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
              int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
              if (modifiers != 0) {
                  sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
                  sb.append(' ');
              }
  
              if (isAnnotation()) {
                  sb.append('@');
              }
              if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
                  sb.append("interface");
              } else {
                  if (isEnum())
                      sb.append("enum");
                  else
                      sb.append("class");
              }
              sb.append(' ');
              sb.append(getName());
  
              TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
              if (typeparms.length > 0) {
                  boolean first = true;
                  sb.append('<');
                  for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
                      if (!first)
                          sb.append(',');
                      sb.append(typeparm.getTypeName());
                      first = false;
                  }
                  sb.append('>');
              }
  
              return sb.toString();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
       * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
       * equivalent to:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
       * </blockquote>
       *
       * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
       * the current class.
       *
       * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
       * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
       * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
       * </blockquote>
       * <p>
       * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
       * {@code X} to be initialized.
       *
       * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
       * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
       *             specified name.
       * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
       * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
       *            by this method fails
       * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public static Class<?> forName(String className)
                  throws ClassNotFoundException {
          Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
          return forName(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller));
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
       * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
       * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
       * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
       * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
       * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
       * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
       * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
       * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
       * not been initialized earlier.
       *
       * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
       * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
       * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
       * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
       * types or void.
       *
       * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
       * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
       *
       * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
       * </blockquote>
       *
       * is equivalent to:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
       * </blockquote>
       *
       * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
       * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
       * Java Language Specification</em>.
       * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
       * is accessible to its caller.
       *
       * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
       * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
       * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
       * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
       * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
       *
       * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
       * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
       *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
       * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
       * @return           class object representing the desired class
       *
       * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
       * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
       *            by this method fails
       * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
       *            the specified class loader
       *
       * @see       Class#forName(String)
       * @see       ClassLoader
       * @since     1.2
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
                                     ClassLoader loader)
          throws ClassNotFoundException
      {
          if (loader == null) {
              loader = BootClassLoader.getInstance();
          }
          Class<?> result;
          try {
              result = classForName(name, initialize, loader);
          } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
              Throwable cause = e.getCause();
              if (cause instanceof LinkageError) {
                  throw (LinkageError) cause;
              }
              throw e;
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /** Called after security checks have been made. */
      @FastNative
      static native Class<?> classForName(String className, boolean shouldInitialize,
              ClassLoader classLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException;
  
      /**
       * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
       * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
       * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
       * has not already been initialized.
       *
       * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
       * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
       * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
       * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
       * The {@link
       * Constructor#newInstance(Object...)
       * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
       * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
       * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
       *
       * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
       *          object.
       * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
       *          constructor is not accessible.
       * @throws  InstantiationException
       *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
       *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
       *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
       *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
       * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
       *          provoked by this method fails.
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class.
       */
      @FastNative
      public native T newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException;
  
      /**
       * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
       * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
       * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
       * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
       * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
       * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
       * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
       * otherwise.
       *
       * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
       * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
       * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
       * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
       * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
       * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
       * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
       * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
       * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
       * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
       * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
       * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
       * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
       * returns {@code false}.
       *
       * @param   obj the object to check
       * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public boolean isInstance(Object obj) {
          if (obj == null) {
              return false;
          }
          return isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass());
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
       * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
       * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
       * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
       * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
       * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
       * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
       * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
       * {@code false}.
       *
       * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
       * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
       * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
       * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
       * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
       *
       * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
       * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
       * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
       * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
       *            null.
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls) {
          if (this == cls) {
              return true;  // Can always assign to things of the same type.
          } else if (this == Object.class) {
              return !cls.isPrimitive();  // Can assign any reference to java.lang.Object.
          } else if (isArray()) {
              return cls.isArray() && componentType.isAssignableFrom(cls.componentType);
          } else if (isInterface()) {
              // Search iftable which has a flattened and uniqued list of interfaces.
              Object[] iftable = cls.ifTable;
              if (iftable != null) {
                  for (int i = 0; i < iftable.length; i += 2) {
                      if (iftable[i] == this) {
                          return true;
                      }
                  }
              }
              return false;
          } else {
              if (!cls.isInterface()) {
                  for (cls = cls.superClass; cls != null; cls = cls.superClass) {
                      if (cls == this) {
                          return true;
                      }
                  }
              }
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
       * interface type.
       *
       * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
       *          {@code false} otherwise.
       */
      public boolean isInterface() {
          return (accessFlags & Modifier.INTERFACE) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
       *
       * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
       *          {@code false} otherwise.
       * @since   JDK1.1
       */
      public boolean isArray() {
          return getComponentType() != null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
       * primitive type.
       *
       * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
       * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
       * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
       * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
       * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
       * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
       *
       * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
       * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
       * this method returns {@code true}.
       *
       * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
       *
       * @see     Boolean#TYPE
       * @see     Character#TYPE
       * @see     Byte#TYPE
       * @see     Short#TYPE
       * @see     Integer#TYPE
       * @see     Long#TYPE
       * @see     Float#TYPE
       * @see     Double#TYPE
       * @see     Void#TYPE
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public boolean isPrimitive() {
        return (primitiveType & 0xFFFF) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * Indicates whether this {@code Class} or its parents override finalize.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if and if this class or its parents override
       *         finalize;
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public boolean isFinalizable() {
          return (getModifiers() & FINALIZABLE) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
       * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
       * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
       *      type; {@code false} otherwise
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isAnnotation() {
          return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
       * returns {@code false} otherwise.
       * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
       *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
       * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isSynthetic() {
          return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
       * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
       * as a {@code String}.
       *
       * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
       * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
       * by
       * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
       *
       * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
       * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
       * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
       *
       * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
       * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
       * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
       * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
       *
       * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
       * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
       * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
       * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
       * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
       * <tr><td> class or interface
       *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
       * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
       * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
       * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
       * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
       * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
       * </table></blockquote>
       *
       * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
       * the class specified above.
       *
       * <p> Examples:
       * <blockquote><pre>
       * String.class.getName()
       *     returns "java.lang.String"
       * byte.class.getName()
       *     returns "byte"
       * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
       *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
       * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
       *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
       * </pre></blockquote>
       *
       * @return  the name of the class or interface
       *          represented by this object.
       */
      public String getName() {
          String name = this.name;
          if (name == null)
              this.name = name = getNameNative();
          return name;
      }
  
      @FastNative
      private native String getNameNative();
  
      /**
       * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
       * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
       * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
       * class loader.
       *
       * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
       * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
       * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
       * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
       * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
       * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
       *
       * <p>If this object
       * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
       *
       * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
       *          represented by this object.
       * @throws SecurityException
       *    if a security manager exists and its
       *    {@code checkPermission} method denies
       *    access to the class loader for the class.
       * @see ClassLoader
       * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
       * @see RuntimePermission
       */
      public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
          if (isPrimitive()) {
              return null;
          }
          // Android-note: The RI returns null in the case where Android returns BootClassLoader.
          // Noted in http://b/111850480#comment3
          return (classLoader == null) ? BootClassLoader.getInstance() : classLoader;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
       * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
       * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
       * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
       * variables.
       *
       * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
       *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
       * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
       *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
       *     the format specified in
       *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @Override
      public synchronized TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
          String annotationSignature = getSignatureAttribute();
          if (annotationSignature == null) {
              return EmptyArray.TYPE_VARIABLE;
          }
          GenericSignatureParser parser = new GenericSignatureParser(getClassLoader());
          parser.parseForClass(this, annotationSignature);
          return parser.formalTypeParameters;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Class} representing the superclass of the entity
       * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
       * {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
       * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
       * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
       * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
       * returned.
       *
       * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
       */
      public Class<? super T> getSuperclass() {
          // For interfaces superClass is Object (which agrees with the JNI spec)
          // but not with the expected behavior here.
          if (isInterface()) {
              return null;
          } else {
              return superClass;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
       * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
       * this {@code Class}.
       *
       * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
       * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
       * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
       * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
       * created before. See the declaration of {@link
       * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
       * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
       * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
       * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
       * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
       * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
       * returned.
       *
       * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
       *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
       *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
       * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
       *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
       * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
       *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
       *     instantiated  for any reason
       * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
          Type genericSuperclass = getSuperclass();
          // This method is specified to return null for all cases where getSuperclass
          // returns null, i.e, for primitives, interfaces, void and java.lang.Object.
          if (genericSuperclass == null) {
              return null;
          }
  
          String annotationSignature = getSignatureAttribute();
          if (annotationSignature != null) {
              GenericSignatureParser parser = new GenericSignatureParser(getClassLoader());
              parser.parseForClass(this, annotationSignature);
              genericSuperclass = parser.superclassType;
          }
          return Types.getType(genericSuperclass);
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
       * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
       * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
       * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
       * by the class loader of this class.
       *
       * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
       * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
       * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
       * from the manifest.
       *
       * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
       *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
       */
      public Package getPackage() {
          ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
          if (loader != null) {
              String packageName = getPackageName$();
              return packageName != null ? loader.getPackage(packageName) : null;
          }
          return null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the package name of this class. This returns null for classes in
       * the default package.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public String getPackageName$() {
          String name = getName();
          int last = name.lastIndexOf('.');
          return last == -1 ? null : name.substring(0, last);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
       * represented by this object.
       *
       * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
       * containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
       * class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
       * the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause
       * of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For
       * example, given the declaration:
       * <blockquote>
       * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
       * </blockquote>
       * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
       * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
       * <blockquote>
       * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
       * </blockquote>
       * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
       * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
       * <blockquote>
       * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
       * </blockquote>
       * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
       * {@code DessertTopping}.
       *
       * <p> If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
       * representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
       * interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
       * names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the
       * interface represented by this object.
       *
       * <p> If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
       * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * <p> If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
       * returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
       * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
       * returned in that order.
       *
       * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
       */
      public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
          if (isArray()) {
              return new Class<?>[] { Cloneable.class, Serializable.class };
          }
  
          final Class<?>[] ifaces = getInterfacesInternal();
          if (ifaces == null) {
              return EmptyArray.CLASS;
          }
  
          return ifaces;
      }
  
      @FastNative
      private native Class<?>[] getInterfacesInternal();
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
       * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
       * this object.
       *
       * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
       * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
       * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
       * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
       * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
       * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
       * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
       * types.
       *
       * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an
       * array containing objects representing all interfaces
       * implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in
       * the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in
       * the {@code implements} clause of the declaration of the class
       * represented by this object.  In the case of an array class, the
       * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code Serializable} are
       * returned in that order.
       *
       * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains
       * objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the
       * interface.  The order of the interface objects in the array
       * corresponds to the order of the interface names in the
       * {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the interface
       * represented by this object.
       *
       * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that
       * implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
       * 0.
       *
       * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
       * method returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
       *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
       *     specified in
       *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
       * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
       *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
       * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
       *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
       *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
       * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
          Type[] result;
          synchronized (Caches.genericInterfaces) {
              result = Caches.genericInterfaces.get(this);
              if (result == null) {
                  String annotationSignature = getSignatureAttribute();
                  if (annotationSignature == null) {
                      result = getInterfaces();
                  } else {
                      GenericSignatureParser parser = new GenericSignatureParser(getClassLoader());
                      parser.parseForClass(this, annotationSignature);
                      result = Types.getTypeArray(parser.interfaceTypes, false);
                  }
                  Caches.genericInterfaces.put(this, result);
              }
          }
          return (result.length == 0) ? result : result.clone();
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
       * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
       * returns null.
       *
       * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
       * class if this class is an array
       * @see     Array
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public Class<?> getComponentType() {
        return componentType;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
       * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
       * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
       * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
       * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
       * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
       *
       * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
       * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
       * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
       * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
       * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
       * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
       * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
       * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
       * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
       * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
       * by this specification.
       *
       * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
       * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
       *
       * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
       * @see     Modifier
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public int getModifiers() {
          // Array classes inherit modifiers from their component types, but in the case of arrays
          // of an inner class, the class file may contain "fake" access flags because it's not valid
          // for a top-level class to private, say. The real access flags are stored in the InnerClass
          // attribute, so we need to make sure we drill down to the inner class: the accessFlags
          // field is not the value we want to return, and the synthesized array class does not itself
          // have an InnerClass attribute. https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=56267
          if (isArray()) {
              int componentModifiers = getComponentType().getModifiers();
              if ((componentModifiers & Modifier.INTERFACE) != 0) {
                  componentModifiers &= ~(Modifier.INTERFACE | Modifier.STATIC);
              }
              return Modifier.ABSTRACT | Modifier.FINAL | componentModifiers;
          }
          int JAVA_FLAGS_MASK = 0xffff;
          int modifiers = this.getInnerClassFlags(accessFlags & JAVA_FLAGS_MASK);
          return modifiers & JAVA_FLAGS_MASK;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the signers of this class.
       *
       * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
       *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
       *          a primitive type or void.
       * @since   JDK1.1
       */
      public Object[] getSigners() {
          return null;
      }
  
      @FastNative
      private native Method getEnclosingMethodNative();
  
      /**
       * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
       * class within a method, returns a {@link
       * Method Method} object representing the
       * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
       * {@code null} otherwise.
       *
       * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
       * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
       * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
       *
       * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
       *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      public Method getEnclosingMethod() {
          if (classNameImpliesTopLevel()) {
              return null;
          }
          return getEnclosingMethodNative();
      }
  
      /**
       * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
       * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
       * Constructor Constructor} object representing
       * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
       * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
       * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
       * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
       * instance initializer or static initializer.
       *
       * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
       *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() {
          if (classNameImpliesTopLevel()) {
              return null;
          }
          return getEnclosingConstructorNative();
      }
  
      @FastNative
      private native Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructorNative();
  
      private boolean classNameImpliesTopLevel() {
          return !getName().contains("$");
      }
  
  
      /**
       * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
       * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
       * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
       * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
       * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
       * type, or void,then this method returns null.
       *
       * @return the declaring class for this class
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      @FastNative
      public native Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
  
      /**
       * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
       * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
       * method returns {@code null}.
       * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      @FastNative
      public native Class<?> getEnclosingClass();
  
      /**
       * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
       * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
       * anonymous.
       *
       * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
       * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
       * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
       *
       * @return the simple name of the underlying class
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public String getSimpleName() {
          if (isArray())
              return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
  
          if (isAnonymousClass()) {
              return "";
          }
  
          if (isMemberClass() || isLocalClass()) {
              // Note that we obtain this information from getInnerClassName(), which uses
              // dex system annotations to obtain the name. It is possible for this information
              // to disagree with the actual enclosing class name. For example, if dex
              // manipulation tools have renamed the enclosing class without adjusting
              // the system annotation to match. See http://b/28800927.
              return getInnerClassName();
          }
  
          String simpleName = getName();
          final int dot = simpleName.lastIndexOf(".");
          if (dot > 0) {
              return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf(".")+1); // strip the package name
          }
  
          return simpleName;
      }
  
      /**
       * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
       *
       * @return an informative string for the name of this type
       * @since 1.8
       */
      public String getTypeName() {
          if (isArray()) {
              try {
                  Class<?> cl = this;
                  int dimensions = 0;
                  while (cl.isArray()) {
                      dimensions++;
                      cl = cl.getComponentType();
                  }
                  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                  sb.append(cl.getName());
                  for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
                      sb.append("[]");
                  }
                  return sb.toString();
              } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
          }
          return getName();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
       * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
       * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
       * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
       * type does not have a canonical name).
       * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
       * {@code null} otherwise.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public String getCanonicalName() {
          if (isArray()) {
              String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
              if (canonicalName != null)
                  return canonicalName + "[]";
              else
                  return null;
          }
          if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
              return null;
          Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
          if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
              return getName();
          } else {
              String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
              if (enclosingName == null)
                  return null;
              return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
       * is an anonymous class.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @FastNative
      public native boolean isAnonymousClass();
  
      /**
       * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
       * is a local class.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isLocalClass() {
          return (getEnclosingMethod() != null || getEnclosingConstructor() != null)
                  && !isAnonymousClass();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
       * is a member class.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isMemberClass() {
          return getDeclaringClass() != null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
       * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
       */
      private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
          // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
          // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
          // anonymous class.
          return isLocalClass() || isAnonymousClass();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
       * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
       * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
       * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
       * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
       * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
       * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
       * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
       * class, or void.
       *
       * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
       *         members of this class
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
          List<Class<?>> result = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
          for (Class<?> c = this; c != null; c = c.superClass) {
              for (Class<?> member : c.getDeclaredClasses()) {
                  if (Modifier.isPublic(member.getModifiers())) {
                      result.add(member);
                  }
              }
          }
          return result.toArray(new Class[result.size()]);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
       * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
       * this {@code Class} object.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
       * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
       * 0.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
       * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
       * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
       * superinterfaces.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
       * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
       * particular order.
       *
       * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
       *         public fields
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
          List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<Field>();
          getPublicFieldsRecursive(fields);
          return fields.toArray(new Field[fields.size()]);
      }
  
      /**
       * Populates {@code result} with public fields defined by this class, its
       * superclasses, and all implemented interfaces.
       */
      private void getPublicFieldsRecursive(List<Field> result) {
          // search superclasses
          for (Class<?> c = this; c != null; c = c.superClass) {
              Collections.addAll(result, c.getPublicDeclaredFields());
          }
  
          // search iftable which has a flattened and uniqued list of interfaces
          Object[] iftable = ifTable;
          if (iftable != null) {
              for (int i = 0; i < iftable.length; i += 2) {
                  Collections.addAll(result, ((Class<?>) iftable[i]).getPublicDeclaredFields());
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
       * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
       * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
       * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
       * public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
       * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
       * each such method.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type with a class
       * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
       * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
       * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
       * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
       * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
       * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
       * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
       * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
       * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
       * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void,
       * then the returned array has length 0.
       *
       * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
       * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
       * the class or interface.
       *
       * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
       * particular order.
       *
       * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
       *         public methods of this class
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
          List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>();
          getPublicMethodsInternal(methods);
          /*
           * Remove duplicate methods defined by superclasses and
           * interfaces, preferring to keep methods declared by derived
           * types.
           */
          CollectionUtils.removeDuplicates(methods, Method.ORDER_BY_SIGNATURE);
          return methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
      }
  
      /**
       * Populates {@code result} with public methods defined by this class, its
       * superclasses, and all implemented interfaces, including overridden methods.
       */
      private void getPublicMethodsInternal(List<Method> result) {
          Collections.addAll(result, getDeclaredMethodsUnchecked(true));
          if (!isInterface()) {
              // Search superclasses, for interfaces don't search java.lang.Object.
              for (Class<?> c = superClass; c != null; c = c.superClass) {
                  Collections.addAll(result, c.getDeclaredMethodsUnchecked(true));
              }
          }
          // Search iftable which has a flattened and uniqued list of interfaces.
          Object[] iftable = ifTable;
          if (iftable != null) {
              for (int i = 0; i < iftable.length; i += 2) {
                  Class<?> ifc = (Class<?>) iftable[i];
                  Collections.addAll(result, ifc.getDeclaredMethodsUnchecked(true));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
       * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
       * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
       * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
       * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
       *
       * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
       * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
       * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
       * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
       * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
       * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
       * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
       * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
       * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
       *
       * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
       *         public constructors of this class
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
          return getDeclaredConstructorsInternal(true);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
       * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
       * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
       * simple name of the desired field.
       *
       * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
       * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
       *
       * <OL>
       * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
       *      field to be reflected.</LI>
       * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
       *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
       *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
       * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
       *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
       *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
       *      is thrown.</LI>
       * </OL>
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
       * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
       *
       * @param name the field name
       * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
       *         {@code name}
       * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
       *         not found.
       * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      public Field getField(String name)
          throws NoSuchFieldException {
          if (name == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("name == null");
          }
          Field result = getPublicFieldRecursive(name);
          if (result == null) {
              throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The native implementation of the {@code getField} method.
       *
       * @throws NullPointerException
       *            if name is null.
       * @see #getField(String)
       */
      @FastNative
      private native Field getPublicFieldRecursive(String name);
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
       * member method of the class or interface represented by this
       * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
       * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
       * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
       * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
       * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
       * treated as if it were an empty array.
       *
       * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>}" or "{@code <clinit>}" a
       * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
       * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
       * class or interface represented by this object:
       * <OL>
       * <LI> C is searched for a <I>matching method</I>, as defined below. If a
       *      matching method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
       * <LI> If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
       *   <OL TYPE="a">
       *   <LI> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then this algorithm is
       *        invoked recursively on the superclass of C.</LI>
       *   <LI> If C is the class {@code Object}, or if C is an interface, then
       *        the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching
       *        method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
       *   </OL></LI>
       * </OL>
       *
       * <p> To find a matching method in a class or interface C:&nbsp; If C
       * declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
       * the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
       * than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
       * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
       * reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
       *
       * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
       * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
       * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
       * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
       * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
       * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
       * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
       * Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
       * method and the method being overridden would have the same
       * signature but different return types.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
       * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
       *
       * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
       * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
       * the class or interface.
       *
       * @param name the name of the method
       * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
       * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
       *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
       * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
       *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
       * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
          throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
          return getMethod(name, parameterTypes, true);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
       * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
       * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
       * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
       * parameter types, in declared order.
       *
       * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
       * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
       * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
       *
       * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
       * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
       * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
       *
       * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
       * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
       *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
       * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
       *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class.
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
          throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
          return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
       * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
       * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
       * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
       * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
       * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
       * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
       * primitive type, an array class, or void.
       *
       * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
       *         declared members of this class
       * @throws SecurityException
       *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *         following conditions is met:
       *
       *         <ul>
       *
       *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *         class loader of this class and invocation of
       *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *         s.checkPermission} method with
       *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
       *
       *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *         of this class
       *
       *         </ul>
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      @FastNative
      public native Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses();
  
      /**
       * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
       * declared by the class or interface represented by this
       * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
       * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
       * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
       * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
       *
       * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
       * particular order.
       *
       * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
       *          declared fields of this class
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      @FastNative
      public native Field[] getDeclaredFields();
  
      /**
       * Populates a list of fields without performing any security or type
       * resolution checks first. If no fields exist, the list is not modified.
       *
       * @param publicOnly Whether to return only public fields.
       * @hide
       */
      @FastNative
      public native Field[] getDeclaredFieldsUnchecked(boolean publicOnly);
  
      /**
       *
       * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
       * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
       * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
       * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
       * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
       * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
       * each such method.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
       * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
       * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
       * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
       * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
       *
       * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
       * particular order.
       *
       * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
       *          declared methods of this class
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
          Method[] result = getDeclaredMethodsUnchecked(false);
          for (Method m : result) {
              // Throw NoClassDefFoundError if types cannot be resolved.
              m.getReturnType();
              m.getParameterTypes();
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Populates a list of methods without performing any security or type
       * resolution checks first. If no methods exist, the list is not modified.
       *
       * @param publicOnly Whether to return only public methods.
       * @hide
       */
      @FastNative
      public native Method[] getDeclaredMethodsUnchecked(boolean publicOnly);
  
      /**
       * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
       * constructors declared by the class represented by this
       * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
       * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
       * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
       * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
       * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
       * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
       * void.
       *
       * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
       *
       * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
       *          declared constructors of this class
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
          return getDeclaredConstructorsInternal(false);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the constructor with the given parameters if it is defined by this class;
       * {@code null} otherwise. This may return a non-public member.
       */
      @FastNative
      private native Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructorsInternal(boolean publicOnly);
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
       * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
       * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
       * the simple name of the desired field.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
       * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
       *
       * @param name the name of the field
       * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
       *          class
       * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
       *          not found.
       * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared field
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
       */
      // Android-changed: Removed SecurityException
      @FastNative
      public native Field getDeclaredField(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException;
  
      /**
       * Returns the subset of getDeclaredFields which are public.
       */
      @FastNative
      private native Field[] getPublicDeclaredFields();
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
       * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
       * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
       * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
       * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
       * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
       * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
       * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
       * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
       * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
       * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
       * is raised.
       *
       * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
       * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
       *
       * @param name the name of the method
       * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
       * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
       *          matching the specified name and parameters
       * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
       * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared method
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @jls 8.2 Class Members
       * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
          throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
          return getMethod(name, parameterTypes, false);
      }
  
      private Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean recursivePublicMethods)
              throws NoSuchMethodException {
          if (name == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("name == null");
          }
          if (parameterTypes == null) {
              parameterTypes = EmptyArray.CLASS;
          }
          for (Class<?> c : parameterTypes) {
              if (c == null) {
                  throw new NoSuchMethodException("parameter type is null");
              }
          }
          Method result = recursivePublicMethods ? getPublicMethodRecursive(name, parameterTypes)
                                                 : getDeclaredMethodInternal(name, parameterTypes);
          // Fail if we didn't find the method or it was expected to be public.
          if (result == null ||
              (recursivePublicMethods && !Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags()))) {
              throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + " "
                      + Arrays.toString(parameterTypes));
          }
          return result;
      }
      private Method getPublicMethodRecursive(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
          // search superclasses
          for (Class<?> c = this; c != null; c = c.getSuperclass()) {
              Method result = c.getDeclaredMethodInternal(name, parameterTypes);
              if (result != null && Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags())) {
                  return result;
              }
          }
  
          return findInterfaceMethod(name, parameterTypes);
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an instance method that's defined on this class or any super classes, regardless
       * of its access flags. Constructors are excluded.
       *
       * This function does not perform access checks and its semantics don't match any dex byte code
       * instruction or public reflection API. This is used by {@code MethodHandles.findVirtual}
       * which will perform access checks on the returned method.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public Method getInstanceMethod(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
              throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
          for (Class<?> c = this; c != null; c = c.getSuperclass()) {
              Method result = c.getDeclaredMethodInternal(name, parameterTypes);
              if (result != null && !Modifier.isStatic(result.getModifiers())) {
                  return result;
              }
          }
  
          return findInterfaceMethod(name, parameterTypes);
      }
  
      private Method findInterfaceMethod(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
          Object[] iftable = ifTable;
          if (iftable != null) {
              // Search backwards so more specific interfaces are searched first. This ensures that
              // the method we return is not overridden by one of it's subtypes that this class also
              // implements.
              for (int i = iftable.length - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
                  Class<?> ifc = (Class<?>) iftable[i];
                  Method result = ifc.getPublicMethodRecursive(name, parameterTypes);
                  if (result != null && Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags())) {
                      return result;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          return null;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
       * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
       * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
       * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
       * formal parameter types, in declared order.
       *
       * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
       * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
       * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
       *
       * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
       * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
       *          specified parameter list
       * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
       * @throws  SecurityException
       *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
       *          following conditions is met:
       *
       *          <ul>
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
       *          class loader of this class and invocation of
       *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
       *          s.checkPermission} method with
       *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
       *          denies access to the declared constructor
       *
       *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
       *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
       *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
       *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
       *          of this class
       *
       *          </ul>
       *
       * @since JDK1.1
       */
      @CallerSensitive
      public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
          throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
          return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED);
      }
  
      /**
       * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
       * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
       * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
       * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
       * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
       * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
       *
       * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
       * given resource name using this algorithm:
       *
       * <ul>
       *
       * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
       * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
       * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
       *
       * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
       * </blockquote>
       *
       * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
       * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
       * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
       *
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param  name name of the desired resource
       * @return      A {@link InputStream} object or {@code null} if
       *              no resource with this name is found
       * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
       * @since  JDK1.1
       */
       public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
          name = resolveName(name);
          ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
          if (cl==null) {
              // A system class.
              return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
          }
          return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
      }
  
      /**
       * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
       * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
       * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
       * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
       * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
       * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
       *
       * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
       * given resource name using this algorithm:
       *
       * <ul>
       *
       * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
       * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
       * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
       *
       * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
       *
       * <blockquote>
       *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
       * </blockquote>
       *
       * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
       * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
       * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
       *
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param  name name of the desired resource
       * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
       *              resource with this name is found
       * @since  JDK1.1
       */
      public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
          name = resolveName(name);
          ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
          if (cl==null) {
              // A system class.
              return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
          }
          return cl.getResource(name);
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
       * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
       * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
       * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
       * ensure it's ok to get the
       * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
       *
       * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
       *
       * @throws SecurityException
       *        if a security manager exists and its
       *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
       *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
       *
       * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
       * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
       * @see RuntimePermission
       * @since 1.2
       */
      public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
          return null;
      }
  
      /*
       * Return the runtime's Class object for the named
       * primitive type.
       */
      @FastNative
      static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
  
      /**
       * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
       * if name is absolute
       */
      private String resolveName(String name) {
          if (name == null) {
              return name;
          }
          if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
              Class<?> c = this;
              while (c.isArray()) {
                  c = c.getComponentType();
              }
              String baseName = c.getName();
              int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
              if (index != -1) {
                  name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
                      +"/"+name;
              }
          } else {
              name = name.substring(1);
          }
          return name;
      }
  
      private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
                                          int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
      {
          if (parameterTypes == null) {
              parameterTypes = EmptyArray.CLASS;
          }
          for (Class<?> c : parameterTypes) {
              if (c == null) {
                  throw new NoSuchMethodException("parameter type is null");
              }
          }
          Constructor<T> result = getDeclaredConstructorInternal(parameterTypes);
          if (result == null || which == Member.PUBLIC && !Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags())) {
              throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init> "
                      + Arrays.toString(parameterTypes));
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the constructor with the given parameters if it is defined by this class;
       * {@code null} otherwise. This may return a non-public member.
       *
       * @param args the types of the parameters to the constructor.
       */
      @FastNative
      private native Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructorInternal(Class<?>[] args);
  
      /**
       * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
       * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
       * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
       * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
       * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
       * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
       * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
       * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
       * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
       * <p>
       * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
       * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
       * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
       * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
       * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
       * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
       *
       * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
       * @see    ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
       * @see    ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
       * @see    ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
       * @since  1.4
       */
      public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
          return false;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the simple name of a member or local class, or {@code null} otherwise.
       */
      @FastNative
      private native String getInnerClassName();
  
      @FastNative
      private native int getInnerClassFlags(int defaultValue);
  
      /**
       * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
       * source code.
       *
       * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
       *     source code
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isEnum() {
          // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
          // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
          // don't do the former.
          return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
          this.getSuperclass() == Enum.class;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
       * Class object does not represent an enum type.
       *
       * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
       *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
       *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
       *     represent an enum type
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public T[] getEnumConstants() {
          T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
          return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
      }
  
      // Android-changed: Made public/hidden instead of using sun.misc.SharedSecrets.
      /**
       * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
       * Class object does not represent an enum type;
       * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
       * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
       * @hide
       */
      public T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
          if (!isEnum()) return null;
          return (T[]) Enum.getSharedConstants((Class) this);
      }
  
      /**
       * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
       * by this {@code Class} object.
       *
       * @param obj the object to be cast
       * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
       *
       * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
       * null and is not assignable to the type T.
       *
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public T cast(Object obj) {
          if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
              throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
          return (T) obj;
      }
  
      private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
          return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
      }
  
      /**
       * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
       * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
       * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
       * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
       *
       * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
       * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
       * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
       * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
       * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
       * by erasure).
       *
       * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
       * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
       * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
       *    the specified class object.
       * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
       *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
       *    the class itself).
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
          if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
              return (Class<? extends U>) this;
          else
              throw new ClassCastException(this.toString() +
                  " cannot be cast to " + clazz.getName());
      }
  
      /**
       * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
          Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
  
          A annotation = getDeclaredAnnotation(annotationClass);
          if (annotation != null) {
              return annotation;
          }
  
          if (annotationClass.isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(Inherited.class)) {
              for (Class<?> sup = getSuperclass(); sup != null; sup = sup.getSuperclass()) {
                  annotation = sup.getDeclaredAnnotation(annotationClass);
                  if (annotation != null) {
                      return annotation;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          return null;
      }
  
      /**
       * {@inheritDoc}
       * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @Override
      public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
          if (annotationClass == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("annotationClass == null");
          }
  
          if (isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) {
              return true;
          }
  
          if (annotationClass.isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(Inherited.class)) {
              for (Class<?> sup = getSuperclass(); sup != null; sup = sup.getSuperclass()) {
                  if (sup.isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) {
                      return true;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          return false;
      }
  
      /**
       * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
       * @since 1.8
       */
      @Override
      public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        // Find any associated annotations [directly or repeatably (indirectly) present on this].
        A[] annotations = GenericDeclaration.super.getAnnotationsByType(annotationClass);
  
        if (annotations.length != 0) {
          return annotations;
        }
  
        // Nothing was found, attempt looking for associated annotations recursively up to the root
        // class if and only if:
        // * The annotation class was marked with @Inherited.
        //
        // Inherited annotations are not coalesced into a single set: the first declaration found is
        // returned.
  
        if (annotationClass.isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(Inherited.class)) {
          Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();  // Returns null if klass's base is Object.
  
          if (superClass != null) {
            return superClass.getAnnotationsByType(annotationClass);
          }
        }
  
        // Annotated was not marked with @Inherited, or no superclass.
        return (A[]) Array.newInstance(annotationClass, 0);  // Safe by construction.
      }
  
      /**
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @Override
      public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
          /*
           * We need to get the annotations declared on this class, plus the
           * annotations from superclasses that have the "@Inherited" annotation
           * set.  We create a temporary map to use while we accumulate the
           * annotations and convert it to an array at the end.
           *
           * It's possible to have duplicates when annotations are inherited.
           * We use a Map to filter those out.
           *
           * HashMap might be overkill here.
           */
          HashMap<Class<?>, Annotation> map = new HashMap<Class<?>, Annotation>();
          for (Annotation declaredAnnotation : getDeclaredAnnotations()) {
              map.put(declaredAnnotation.annotationType(), declaredAnnotation);
          }
          for (Class<?> sup = getSuperclass(); sup != null; sup = sup.getSuperclass()) {
              for (Annotation declaredAnnotation : sup.getDeclaredAnnotations()) {
                  Class<? extends Annotation> clazz = declaredAnnotation.annotationType();
                  if (!map.containsKey(clazz) && clazz.isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(Inherited.class)) {
                      map.put(clazz, declaredAnnotation);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          /* Convert annotation values from HashMap to array. */
          Collection<Annotation> coll = map.values();
          return coll.toArray(new Annotation[coll.size()]);
      }
  
      /**
       * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
       * @since 1.8
       */
      @Override
      @FastNative
      public native <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass);
  
      /**
       * @since 1.5
       */
      @Override
      @FastNative
      public native Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations();
  
      /**
       * Returns true if the annotation exists.
       */
      @FastNative
      private native boolean isDeclaredAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass);
  
      private String getSignatureAttribute() {
          String[] annotation = getSignatureAnnotation();
          if (annotation == null) {
              return null;
          }
          StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
          for (String s : annotation) {
              result.append(s);
          }
          return result.toString();
      }
  
      @FastNative
      private native String[] getSignatureAnnotation();
  
      /**
       * Is this a runtime created proxy class?
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public boolean isProxy() {
          return (accessFlags & 0x00040000) != 0;
      }
  
      /**
       * @hide
       */
      public int getAccessFlags() {
          return accessFlags;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Returns the method if it is defined by this class; {@code null} otherwise. This may return a
       * non-public member.
       *
       * @param name the method name
       * @param args the method's parameter types
       */
      @FastNative
      private native Method getDeclaredMethodInternal(String name, Class<?>[] args);
  
      private static class Caches {
          /**
           * Cache to avoid frequent recalculation of generic interfaces, which is generally uncommon.
           * Sized sufficient to allow ConcurrentHashMapTest to run without recalculating its generic
           * interfaces (required to avoid time outs). Validated by running reflection heavy code
           * such as applications using Guice-like frameworks.
           */
          private static final BasicLruCache<Class, Type[]> genericInterfaces
              = new BasicLruCache<Class, Type[]>(8);
      }
  }
  