content: /*
   * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
   * Copyright (c) 1996, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   *
   * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
   * accompanied this code).
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
   * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
   *
   * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
   * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
   * questions.
   */
  
  /*
   * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996, 1997 - All Rights Reserved
   * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 - 1998 - All Rights Reserved
   *
   *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted
   * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These
   * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent
   * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International
   * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
   *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
   *
   */
  
  package java.text;
  
  import android.icu.impl.number.DecimalFormatProperties.ParseMode;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
  import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  import java.math.BigDecimal;
  import java.math.BigInteger;
  import java.math.RoundingMode;
  import java.util.Currency;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
  import libcore.icu.LocaleData;
  import android.icu.math.MathContext;
  
  /**
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> is a concrete subclass of
   * <code>NumberFormat</code> that formats decimal numbers. It has a variety of
   * features designed to make it possible to parse and format numbers in any
   * locale, including support for Western, Arabic, and Indic digits.  It also
   * supports different kinds of numbers, including integers (123), fixed-point
   * numbers (123.4), scientific notation (1.23E4), percentages (12%), and
   * currency amounts ($123).  All of these can be localized.
   *
   * <p>To obtain a <code>NumberFormat</code> for a specific locale, including the
   * default locale, call one of <code>NumberFormat</code>'s factory methods, such
   * as <code>getInstance()</code>.  In general, do not call the
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> constructors directly, since the
   * <code>NumberFormat</code> factory methods may return subclasses other than
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code>. If you need to customize the format object, do
   * something like this:
   *
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * NumberFormat f = NumberFormat.getInstance(loc);
   * if (f instanceof DecimalFormat) {
   *     ((DecimalFormat) f).setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(true);
   * }
   * </pre></blockquote>
   *
   * <p>A <code>DecimalFormat</code> comprises a <em>pattern</em> and a set of
   * <em>symbols</em>.  The pattern may be set directly using
   * <code>applyPattern()</code>, or indirectly using the API methods.  The
   * symbols are stored in a <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object.  When using
   * the <code>NumberFormat</code> factory methods, the pattern and symbols are
   * read from localized <code>ResourceBundle</code>s.
   *
   * <h3>Patterns</h3>
   *
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> patterns have the following syntax:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * <i>Pattern:</i>
   *         <i>PositivePattern</i>
   *         <i>PositivePattern</i> ; <i>NegativePattern</i>
   * <i>PositivePattern:</i>
   *         <i>Prefix<sub>opt</sub></i> <i>Number</i> <i>Suffix<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>NegativePattern:</i>
   *         <i>Prefix<sub>opt</sub></i> <i>Number</i> <i>Suffix<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>Prefix:</i>
   *         any Unicode characters except &#92;uFFFE, &#92;uFFFF, and special characters
   * <i>Suffix:</i>
   *         any Unicode characters except &#92;uFFFE, &#92;uFFFF, and special characters
   * <i>Number:</i>
   *         <i>Integer</i> <i>Exponent<sub>opt</sub></i>
   *         <i>Integer</i> . <i>Fraction</i> <i>Exponent<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>Integer:</i>
   *         <i>MinimumInteger</i>
   *         #
   *         # <i>Integer</i>
   *         # , <i>Integer</i>
   * <i>MinimumInteger:</i>
   *         0
   *         0 <i>MinimumInteger</i>
   *         0 , <i>MinimumInteger</i>
   * <i>Fraction:</i>
   *         <i>MinimumFraction<sub>opt</sub></i> <i>OptionalFraction<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>MinimumFraction:</i>
   *         0 <i>MinimumFraction<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>OptionalFraction:</i>
   *         # <i>OptionalFraction<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * <i>Exponent:</i>
   *         E <i>MinimumExponent</i>
   * <i>MinimumExponent:</i>
   *         0 <i>MinimumExponent<sub>opt</sub></i>
   * </pre></blockquote>
   *
   * <p>A <code>DecimalFormat</code> pattern contains a positive and negative
   * subpattern, for example, <code>"#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)"</code>.  Each
   * subpattern has a prefix, numeric part, and suffix. The negative subpattern
   * is optional; if absent, then the positive subpattern prefixed with the
   * localized minus sign (<code>'-'</code> in most locales) is used as the
   * negative subpattern. That is, <code>"0.00"</code> alone is equivalent to
   * <code>"0.00;-0.00"</code>.  If there is an explicit negative subpattern, it
   * serves only to specify the negative prefix and suffix; the number of digits,
   * minimal digits, and other characteristics are all the same as the positive
   * pattern. That means that <code>"#,##0.0#;(#)"</code> produces precisely
   * the same behavior as <code>"#,##0.0#;(#,##0.0#)"</code>.
   *
   * <p>The prefixes, suffixes, and various symbols used for infinity, digits,
   * thousands separators, decimal separators, etc. may be set to arbitrary
   * values, and they will appear properly during formatting.  However, care must
   * be taken that the symbols and strings do not conflict, or parsing will be
   * unreliable.  For example, either the positive and negative prefixes or the
   * suffixes must be distinct for <code>DecimalFormat.parse()</code> to be able
   * to distinguish positive from negative values.  (If they are identical, then
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> will behave as if no negative subpattern was
   * specified.)  Another example is that the decimal separator and thousands
   * separator should be distinct characters, or parsing will be impossible.
   *
   * <p>The grouping separator is commonly used for thousands, but in some
   * countries it separates ten-thousands. The grouping size is a constant number
   * of digits between the grouping characters, such as 3 for 100,000,000 or 4 for
   * 1,0000,0000.  If you supply a pattern with multiple grouping characters, the
   * interval between the last one and the end of the integer is the one that is
   * used. So <code>"#,##,###,####"</code> == <code>"######,####"</code> ==
   * <code>"##,####,####"</code>.
   *
   * <h4>Special Pattern Characters</h4>
   *
   * <p>Many characters in a pattern are taken literally; they are matched during
   * parsing and output unchanged during formatting.  Special characters, on the
   * other hand, stand for other characters, strings, or classes of characters.
   * They must be quoted, unless noted otherwise, if they are to appear in the
   * prefix or suffix as literals.
   *
   * <p>The characters listed here are used in non-localized patterns.  Localized
   * patterns use the corresponding characters taken from this formatter's
   * <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object instead, and these characters lose
   * their special status.  Two exceptions are the currency sign and quote, which
   * are not localized.
   *
   * <blockquote>
   * <table border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 summary="Chart showing symbol,
   *  location, localized, and meaning.">
   *     <tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">
   *          <th align=left>Symbol
   *          <th align=left>Location
   *          <th align=left>Localized?
   *          <th align=left>Meaning
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>0</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Digit
   *     <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 255);">
   *          <td><code>#</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Digit, zero shows as absent
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>.</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Decimal separator or monetary decimal separator
   *     <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 255);">
   *          <td><code>-</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Minus sign
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>,</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Grouping separator
   *     <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 255);">
   *          <td><code>E</code>
   *          <td>Number
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Separates mantissa and exponent in scientific notation.
   *              <em>Need not be quoted in prefix or suffix.</em>
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>;</code>
   *          <td>Subpattern boundary
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Separates positive and negative subpatterns
   *     <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 255);">
   *          <td><code>%</code>
   *          <td>Prefix or suffix
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Multiply by 100 and show as percentage
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>&#92;u2030</code>
   *          <td>Prefix or suffix
   *          <td>Yes
   *          <td>Multiply by 1000 and show as per mille value
   *     <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 255);">
   *          <td><code>&#164;</code> (<code>&#92;u00A4</code>)
   *          <td>Prefix or suffix
   *          <td>No
   *          <td>Currency sign, replaced by currency symbol.  If
   *              doubled, replaced by international currency symbol.
   *              If present in a pattern, the monetary decimal separator
   *              is used instead of the decimal separator.
   *     <tr valign=top>
   *          <td><code>'</code>
   *          <td>Prefix or suffix
   *          <td>No
   *          <td>Used to quote special characters in a prefix or suffix,
   *              for example, <code>"'#'#"</code> formats 123 to
   *              <code>"#123"</code>.  To create a single quote
   *              itself, use two in a row: <code>"# o''clock"</code>.
   * </table>
   * </blockquote>
   *
   * <h4>Scientific Notation</h4>
   *
   * <p>Numbers in scientific notation are expressed as the product of a mantissa
   * and a power of ten, for example, 1234 can be expressed as 1.234 x 10^3.  The
   * mantissa is often in the range 1.0 &le; x {@literal <} 10.0, but it need not
   * be.
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> can be instructed to format and parse scientific
   * notation <em>only via a pattern</em>; there is currently no factory method
   * that creates a scientific notation format.  In a pattern, the exponent
   * character immediately followed by one or more digit characters indicates
   * scientific notation.  Example: <code>"0.###E0"</code> formats the number
   * 1234 as <code>"1.234E3"</code>.
   *
   * <ul>
   * <li>The number of digit characters after the exponent character gives the
   * minimum exponent digit count.  There is no maximum.  Negative exponents are
   * formatted using the localized minus sign, <em>not</em> the prefix and suffix
   * from the pattern.  This allows patterns such as <code>"0.###E0 m/s"</code>.
   *
   * <li>The minimum and maximum number of integer digits are interpreted
   * together:
   *
   * <ul>
   * <li>If the maximum number of integer digits is greater than their minimum number
   * and greater than 1, it forces the exponent to be a multiple of the maximum
   * number of integer digits, and the minimum number of integer digits to be
   * interpreted as 1.  The most common use of this is to generate
   * <em>engineering notation</em>, in which the exponent is a multiple of three,
   * e.g., <code>"##0.#####E0"</code>. Using this pattern, the number 12345
   * formats to <code>"12.345E3"</code>, and 123456 formats to
   * <code>"123.456E3"</code>.
   *
   * <li>Otherwise, the minimum number of integer digits is achieved by adjusting the
   * exponent.  Example: 0.00123 formatted with <code>"00.###E0"</code> yields
   * <code>"12.3E-4"</code>.
   * </ul>
   *
   * <li>The number of significant digits in the mantissa is the sum of the
   * <em>minimum integer</em> and <em>maximum fraction</em> digits, and is
   * unaffected by the maximum integer digits.  For example, 12345 formatted with
   * <code>"##0.##E0"</code> is <code>"12.3E3"</code>. To show all digits, set
   * the significant digits count to zero.  The number of significant digits
   * does not affect parsing.
   *
   * <li>Exponential patterns may not contain grouping separators.
   * </ul>
   *
   * <h4>Rounding</h4>
   *
   * <code>DecimalFormat</code> provides rounding modes defined in
   * {@link RoundingMode} for formatting.  By default, it uses
   * {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN}.
   *
   * <h4>Digits</h4>
   *
   * For formatting, <code>DecimalFormat</code> uses the ten consecutive
   * characters starting with the localized zero digit defined in the
   * <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object as digits. For parsing, these
   * digits as well as all Unicode decimal digits, as defined by
   * {@link Character#digit Character.digit}, are recognized.
   *
   * <h4>Special Values</h4>
   *
   * <p><code>NaN</code> is formatted as a string, which typically has a single character
   * <code>&#92;uFFFD</code>.  This string is determined by the
   * <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object.  This is the only value for which
   * the prefixes and suffixes are not used.
   *
   * <p>Infinity is formatted as a string, which typically has a single character
   * <code>&#92;u221E</code>, with the positive or negative prefixes and suffixes
   * applied.  The infinity string is determined by the
   * <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object.
   *
   * <p>Negative zero (<code>"-0"</code>) parses to
   * <ul>
   * <li><code>BigDecimal(0)</code> if <code>isParseBigDecimal()</code> is
   * true,
   * <li><code>Long(0)</code> if <code>isParseBigDecimal()</code> is false
   *     and <code>isParseIntegerOnly()</code> is true,
   * <li><code>Double(-0.0)</code> if both <code>isParseBigDecimal()</code>
   * and <code>isParseIntegerOnly()</code> are false.
   * </ul>
   *
   * <h4><a name="synchronization">Synchronization</a></h4>
   *
   * <p>
   * Decimal formats are generally not synchronized.
   * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
   * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized
   * externally.
   *
   * <h4>Example</h4>
   *
   * <blockquote><pre>{@code
   * <strong>// Print out a number using the localized number, integer, currency,
   * // and percent format for each locale</strong>
   * Locale[] locales = NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales();
   * double myNumber = -1234.56;
   * NumberFormat form;
   * for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
   *     System.out.println("FORMAT");
   *     for (int i = 0; i < locales.length; ++i) {
   *         if (locales[i].getCountry().length() == 0) {
   *            continue; // Skip language-only locales
   *         }
   *         System.out.print(locales[i].getDisplayName());
   *         switch (j) {
   *         case 0:
   *             form = NumberFormat.getInstance(locales[i]); break;
   *         case 1:
   *             form = NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance(locales[i]); break;
   *         case 2:
   *             form = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locales[i]); break;
   *         default:
   *             form = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(locales[i]); break;
   *         }
   *         if (form instanceof DecimalFormat) {
   *             System.out.print(": " + ((DecimalFormat) form).toPattern());
   *         }
   *         System.out.print(" -> " + form.format(myNumber));
   *         try {
   *             System.out.println(" -> " + form.parse(form.format(myNumber)));
   *         } catch (ParseException e) {}
   *     }
   * }
   * }</pre></blockquote>
   *
   * @see          <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/format/decimalFormat.html">Java Tutorial</a>
   * @see          NumberFormat
   * @see          DecimalFormatSymbols
   * @see          ParsePosition
   * @author       Mark Davis
   * @author       Alan Liu
   */
  public class DecimalFormat extends NumberFormat {
  
      // Android-note: This class is heavily modified from upstream OpenJDK.
      // Android's version delegates most of its work to android.icu.text.DecimalFormat. This is done
      // to avoid code duplication and to stay compatible with earlier releases that used ICU4C/ICU4J
      // to implement DecimalFormat.
  
      // Android-added: ICU DecimalFormat to delegate to.
      private transient android.icu.text.DecimalFormat icuDecimalFormat;
  
      /**
       * Creates a DecimalFormat using the default pattern and symbols
       * for the default {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
       * This is a convenient way to obtain a
       * DecimalFormat when internationalization is not the main concern.
       * <p>
       * To obtain standard formats for a given locale, use the factory methods
       * on NumberFormat such as getNumberInstance. These factories will
       * return the most appropriate sub-class of NumberFormat for a given
       * locale.
       *
       * @see NumberFormat#getInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getNumberInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getCurrencyInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getPercentInstance
       */
      public DecimalFormat() {
          // Get the pattern for the default locale.
          Locale def = Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT);
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU LocaleData. Remove SPI LocaleProviderAdapter.
          /*
          LocaleProviderAdapter adapter = LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(NumberFormatProvider.class, def);
          if (!(adapter instanceof ResourceBundleBasedAdapter)) {
              adapter = LocaleProviderAdapter.getResourceBundleBased();
          }
          String[] all = adapter.getLocaleResources(def).getNumberPatterns();
          */
          String pattern = LocaleData.get(def).numberPattern;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU LocaleData. Remove SPI LocaleProviderAdapter.
  
          // Always applyPattern after the symbols are set
          this.symbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(def);
          // Android-changed: initPattern() and conversion methods between ICU and Java values.
          // applyPattern(all[0], false);
          initPattern(pattern);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Creates a DecimalFormat using the given pattern and the symbols
       * for the default {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
       * This is a convenient way to obtain a
       * DecimalFormat when internationalization is not the main concern.
       * <p>
       * To obtain standard formats for a given locale, use the factory methods
       * on NumberFormat such as getNumberInstance. These factories will
       * return the most appropriate sub-class of NumberFormat for a given
       * locale.
       *
       * @param pattern a non-localized pattern string.
       * @exception NullPointerException if <code>pattern</code> is null
       * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid.
       * @see NumberFormat#getInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getNumberInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getCurrencyInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getPercentInstance
       */
      public DecimalFormat(String pattern) {
          // Always applyPattern after the symbols are set
          this.symbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
          // Android-changed: initPattern() and conversion methods between ICU and Java values.
          // applyPattern(pattern, false);
          initPattern(pattern);
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Creates a DecimalFormat using the given pattern and symbols.
       * Use this constructor when you need to completely customize the
       * behavior of the format.
       * <p>
       * To obtain standard formats for a given
       * locale, use the factory methods on NumberFormat such as
       * getInstance or getCurrencyInstance. If you need only minor adjustments
       * to a standard format, you can modify the format returned by
       * a NumberFormat factory method.
       *
       * @param pattern a non-localized pattern string
       * @param symbols the set of symbols to be used
       * @exception NullPointerException if any of the given arguments is null
       * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid
       * @see NumberFormat#getInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getNumberInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getCurrencyInstance
       * @see NumberFormat#getPercentInstance
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols
       */
      public DecimalFormat (String pattern, DecimalFormatSymbols symbols) {
          // Always applyPattern after the symbols are set
          this.symbols = (DecimalFormatSymbols)symbols.clone();
          // Android-changed: initPattern() and conversion methods between ICU and Java values.
          initPattern(pattern);
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: initPattern() and conversion methods between ICU and Java values.
      /**
       * Applies the pattern similarly to {@link #applyPattern(String)}, except it initializes
       * {@link #icuDecimalFormat} in the process. This should only be called from constructors.
       */
      private void initPattern(String pattern) {
          this.icuDecimalFormat =  new android.icu.text.DecimalFormat(pattern,
                  symbols.getIcuDecimalFormatSymbols());
          // Android-changed: Compatibility mode for j.t.DecimalFormat. http://b/112355520
          icuDecimalFormat.setParseStrictMode(ParseMode.JAVA_COMPATIBILITY);
          updateFieldsFromIcu();
      }
  
      /**
       * Update local fields indicating maximum/minimum integer/fraction digit count from the ICU
       * DecimalFormat. This needs to be called whenever a new pattern is applied.
       */
      private void updateFieldsFromIcu() {
          // Imitate behaviour of ICU4C NumberFormat that Android used up to M.
          // If the pattern doesn't enforce a different value (some exponential
          // patterns do), then set the maximum integer digits to 2 billion.
          if (icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumIntegerDigits() == DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumIntegerDigits(2000000000);
          }
          maximumIntegerDigits = icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumIntegerDigits();
          minimumIntegerDigits = icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumIntegerDigits();
          maximumFractionDigits = icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumFractionDigits();
          minimumFractionDigits = icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumFractionDigits();
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts between field positions used by Java/ICU.
       * @param fp The java.text.NumberFormat.Field field position
       * @return The android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field field position
       */
      private static FieldPosition getIcuFieldPosition(FieldPosition fp) {
          Format.Field fieldAttribute = fp.getFieldAttribute();
          if (fieldAttribute == null) return fp;
  
          android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field attribute;
          if (fieldAttribute == Field.INTEGER) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.INTEGER;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.FRACTION) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.FRACTION;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.EXPONENT_SIGN) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.EXPONENT_SIGN;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.EXPONENT) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.EXPONENT;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.CURRENCY) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.CURRENCY;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.PERCENT) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.PERCENT;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.PERMILLE) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.PERMILLE;
          } else if (fieldAttribute == Field.SIGN) {
              attribute = android.icu.text.NumberFormat.Field.SIGN;
          } else {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected field position attribute type.");
          }
  
          FieldPosition icuFieldPosition = new FieldPosition(attribute);
          icuFieldPosition.setBeginIndex(fp.getBeginIndex());
          icuFieldPosition.setEndIndex(fp.getEndIndex());
          return icuFieldPosition;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts the Attribute that ICU returns in its AttributedCharacterIterator
       * responses to the type that java uses.
       * @param icuAttribute The AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute field.
       * @return Field converted to a java.text.NumberFormat.Field field.
       */
      private static Field toJavaFieldAttribute(AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute icuAttribute) {
          String name = icuAttribute.getName();
          if (name.equals(Field.INTEGER.getName())) {
              return Field.INTEGER;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.CURRENCY.getName())) {
              return Field.CURRENCY;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR.getName())) {
              return Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.EXPONENT.getName())) {
              return Field.EXPONENT;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.EXPONENT_SIGN.getName())) {
              return Field.EXPONENT_SIGN;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL.getName())) {
              return Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.FRACTION.getName())) {
              return Field.FRACTION;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR.getName())) {
              return Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.SIGN.getName())) {
              return Field.SIGN;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.PERCENT.getName())) {
              return Field.PERCENT;
          }
          if (name.equals(Field.PERMILLE.getName())) {
              return Field.PERMILLE;
          }
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unrecognized attribute: " + name);
      }
      // END Android-added: initPattern() and conversion methods between ICU and Java values.
  
      // Overrides
      /**
       * Formats a number and appends the resulting text to the given string
       * buffer.
       * The number can be of any subclass of {@link Number}.
       * <p>
       * This implementation uses the maximum precision permitted.
       * @param number     the number to format
       * @param toAppendTo the <code>StringBuffer</code> to which the formatted
       *                   text is to be appended
       * @param pos        On input: an alignment field, if desired.
       *                   On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
       * @return           the value passed in as <code>toAppendTo</code>
       * @exception        IllegalArgumentException if <code>number</code> is
       *                   null or not an instance of <code>Number</code>.
       * @exception        NullPointerException if <code>toAppendTo</code> or
       *                   <code>pos</code> is null
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @see              FieldPosition
       */
      @Override
      public final StringBuffer format(Object number,
                                       StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                                       FieldPosition pos) {
          if (number instanceof Long || number instanceof Integer ||
                     number instanceof Short || number instanceof Byte ||
                     number instanceof AtomicInteger ||
                     number instanceof AtomicLong ||
                     (number instanceof BigInteger &&
                      ((BigInteger)number).bitLength () < 64)) {
              return format(((Number)number).longValue(), toAppendTo, pos);
          } else if (number instanceof BigDecimal) {
              return format((BigDecimal)number, toAppendTo, pos);
          } else if (number instanceof BigInteger) {
              return format((BigInteger)number, toAppendTo, pos);
          } else if (number instanceof Number) {
              return format(((Number)number).doubleValue(), toAppendTo, pos);
          } else {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot format given Object as a Number");
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Formats a double to produce a string.
       * @param number    The double to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param fieldPosition    On input: an alignment field, if desired.
       * On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
       * @exception ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *            mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @see FieldPosition
       */
      @Override
      public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer result,
                                 FieldPosition fieldPosition) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          // If fieldPosition is a DontCareFieldPosition instance we can
          // try to go to fast-path code.
          boolean tryFastPath = false;
          if (fieldPosition == DontCareFieldPosition.INSTANCE)
              tryFastPath = true;
          else {
              fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(0);
              fieldPosition.setEndIndex(0);
          }
  
          if (tryFastPath) {
              String tempResult = fastFormat(number);
              if (tempResult != null) {
                  result.append(tempResult);
                  return result;
              }
          }
  
          // if fast-path could not work, we fallback to standard code.
          return format(number, result, fieldPosition.getFieldDelegate());
          */
          FieldPosition icuFieldPosition = getIcuFieldPosition(fieldPosition);
          icuDecimalFormat.format(number, result, icuFieldPosition);
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(icuFieldPosition.getBeginIndex());
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(icuFieldPosition.getEndIndex());
          return result;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Use ICU.
      // Removed unused helper function that was only used from (unused on Android) code
      // in format(double, StringBuffer, FieldPosition).
      /*
      /**
       * Formats a double to produce a string.
       * @param number    The double to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param delegate notified of locations of sub fields
       * @exception       ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                  mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @return The formatted number string
       *
      private StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer result,
                                  FieldDelegate delegate) {
          if (Double.isNaN(number) ||
             (Double.isInfinite(number) && multiplier == 0)) {
              int iFieldStart = result.length();
              result.append(symbols.getNaN());
              delegate.formatted(INTEGER_FIELD, Field.INTEGER, Field.INTEGER,
                                 iFieldStart, result.length(), result);
              return result;
          }
  
          /* Detecting whether a double is negative is easy with the exception of
           * the value -0.0.  This is a double which has a zero mantissa (and
           * exponent), but a negative sign bit.  It is semantically distinct from
           * a zero with a positive sign bit, and this distinction is important
           * to certain kinds of computations.  However, it's a little tricky to
           * detect, since (-0.0 == 0.0) and !(-0.0 < 0.0).  How then, you may
           * ask, does it behave distinctly from +0.0?  Well, 1/(-0.0) ==
           * -Infinity.  Proper detection of -0.0 is needed to deal with the
           * issues raised by bugs 4106658, 4106667, and 4147706.  Liu 7/6/98.
           *
          boolean isNegative = ((number < 0.0) || (number == 0.0 && 1/number < 0.0)) ^ (multiplier < 0);
  
          if (multiplier != 1) {
              number *= multiplier;
          }
  
          if (Double.isInfinite(number)) {
              if (isNegative) {
                  append(result, negativePrefix, delegate,
                         getNegativePrefixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
              } else {
                  append(result, positivePrefix, delegate,
                         getPositivePrefixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
              }
  
              int iFieldStart = result.length();
              result.append(symbols.getInfinity());
              delegate.formatted(INTEGER_FIELD, Field.INTEGER, Field.INTEGER,
                                 iFieldStart, result.length(), result);
  
              if (isNegative) {
                  append(result, negativeSuffix, delegate,
                         getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
              } else {
                  append(result, positiveSuffix, delegate,
                         getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
              }
  
              return result;
          }
  
          if (isNegative) {
              number = -number;
          }
  
          // at this point we are guaranteed a nonnegative finite number.
          assert(number >= 0 && !Double.isInfinite(number));
  
          synchronized(digitList) {
              int maxIntDigits = super.getMaximumIntegerDigits();
              int minIntDigits = super.getMinimumIntegerDigits();
              int maxFraDigits = super.getMaximumFractionDigits();
              int minFraDigits = super.getMinimumFractionDigits();
  
              digitList.set(isNegative, number, useExponentialNotation ?
                            maxIntDigits + maxFraDigits : maxFraDigits,
                            !useExponentialNotation);
              return subformat(result, delegate, isNegative, false,
                         maxIntDigits, minIntDigits, maxFraDigits, minFraDigits);
          }
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Use ICU.
  
      /**
       * Format a long to produce a string.
       * @param number    The long to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param fieldPosition    On input: an alignment field, if desired.
       * On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
       * @exception       ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                  mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @see FieldPosition
       */
      @Override
      public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer result,
                                 FieldPosition fieldPosition) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(0);
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(0);
  
          return format(number, result, fieldPosition.getFieldDelegate());
          */
          FieldPosition icuFieldPosition = getIcuFieldPosition(fieldPosition);
          icuDecimalFormat.format(number, result, icuFieldPosition);
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(icuFieldPosition.getBeginIndex());
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(icuFieldPosition.getEndIndex());
          return result;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Use ICU.
      // Removed unused helper function that was only used from (unused on Android) code
      // in format(long, StringBuffer, FieldDelegate).
      /*
      /**
       * Format a long to produce a string.
       * @param number    The long to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param delegate notified of locations of sub fields
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @see java.text.FieldPosition
       *
      private StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer result,
                                 FieldDelegate delegate) {
          boolean isNegative = (number < 0);
          if (isNegative) {
              number = -number;
          }
  
          // In general, long values always represent real finite numbers, so
          // we don't have to check for +/- Infinity or NaN.  However, there
          // is one case we have to be careful of:  The multiplier can push
          // a number near MIN_VALUE or MAX_VALUE outside the legal range.  We
          // check for this before multiplying, and if it happens we use
          // BigInteger instead.
          boolean useBigInteger = false;
          if (number < 0) { // This can only happen if number == Long.MIN_VALUE.
              if (multiplier != 0) {
                  useBigInteger = true;
              }
          } else if (multiplier != 1 && multiplier != 0) {
              long cutoff = Long.MAX_VALUE / multiplier;
              if (cutoff < 0) {
                  cutoff = -cutoff;
              }
              useBigInteger = (number > cutoff);
          }
  
          if (useBigInteger) {
              if (isNegative) {
                  number = -number;
              }
              BigInteger bigIntegerValue = BigInteger.valueOf(number);
              return format(bigIntegerValue, result, delegate, true);
          }
  
          number *= multiplier;
          if (number == 0) {
              isNegative = false;
          } else {
              if (multiplier < 0) {
                  number = -number;
                  isNegative = !isNegative;
              }
          }
  
          synchronized(digitList) {
              int maxIntDigits = super.getMaximumIntegerDigits();
              int minIntDigits = super.getMinimumIntegerDigits();
              int maxFraDigits = super.getMaximumFractionDigits();
              int minFraDigits = super.getMinimumFractionDigits();
  
              digitList.set(isNegative, number,
                       useExponentialNotation ? maxIntDigits + maxFraDigits : 0);
  
              return subformat(result, delegate, isNegative, true,
                         maxIntDigits, minIntDigits, maxFraDigits, minFraDigits);
          }
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Use ICU.
  
      /**
       * Formats a BigDecimal to produce a string.
       * @param number    The BigDecimal to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param fieldPosition    On input: an alignment field, if desired.
       * On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @see FieldPosition
       */
      private StringBuffer format(BigDecimal number, StringBuffer result,
                                  FieldPosition fieldPosition) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(0);
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(0);
          return format(number, result, fieldPosition.getFieldDelegate());
          */
          FieldPosition icuFieldPosition = getIcuFieldPosition(fieldPosition);
          icuDecimalFormat.format(number, result, fieldPosition);
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(icuFieldPosition.getBeginIndex());
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(icuFieldPosition.getEndIndex());
          return result;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Use ICU.
      // Removed unused helper function that was only used from (unused on Android) code
      // in format(BigDecimal, StringBuffer, FieldDelegate).
      /*
      /**
       * Formats a BigDecimal to produce a string.
       * @param number    The BigDecimal to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param delegate notified of locations of sub fields
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @return The formatted number string
       *
      private StringBuffer format(BigDecimal number, StringBuffer result,
                                  FieldDelegate delegate) {
          if (multiplier != 1) {
              number = number.multiply(getBigDecimalMultiplier());
          }
          boolean isNegative = number.signum() == -1;
          if (isNegative) {
              number = number.negate();
          }
  
          synchronized(digitList) {
              int maxIntDigits = getMaximumIntegerDigits();
              int minIntDigits = getMinimumIntegerDigits();
              int maxFraDigits = getMaximumFractionDigits();
              int minFraDigits = getMinimumFractionDigits();
              int maximumDigits = maxIntDigits + maxFraDigits;
  
              digitList.set(isNegative, number, useExponentialNotation ?
                  ((maximumDigits < 0) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : maximumDigits) :
                  maxFraDigits, !useExponentialNotation);
  
              return subformat(result, delegate, isNegative, false,
                  maxIntDigits, minIntDigits, maxFraDigits, minFraDigits);
          }
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Use ICU.
  
      /**
       * Format a BigInteger to produce a string.
       * @param number    The BigInteger to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param fieldPosition    On input: an alignment field, if desired.
       * On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @see FieldPosition
       */
      private StringBuffer format(BigInteger number, StringBuffer result,
                                 FieldPosition fieldPosition) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(0);
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(0);
  
          return format(number, result, fieldPosition.getFieldDelegate(), false);
          */
          FieldPosition icuFieldPosition = getIcuFieldPosition(fieldPosition);
          icuDecimalFormat.format(number, result, fieldPosition);
          fieldPosition.setBeginIndex(icuFieldPosition.getBeginIndex());
          fieldPosition.setEndIndex(icuFieldPosition.getEndIndex());
          return result;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Use ICU.
      // Removed unused helper function that was only used from (unused on Android) code
      // in format(BigInteger, StringBuffer, FieldDelegate).
      /*
      /**
       * Format a BigInteger to produce a string.
       * @param number    The BigInteger to format
       * @param result    where the text is to be appended
       * @param delegate notified of locations of sub fields
       * @return The formatted number string
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @see java.text.FieldPosition
       *
      private StringBuffer format(BigInteger number, StringBuffer result,
                                 FieldDelegate delegate, boolean formatLong) {
          if (multiplier != 1) {
              number = number.multiply(getBigIntegerMultiplier());
          }
          boolean isNegative = number.signum() == -1;
          if (isNegative) {
              number = number.negate();
          }
  
          synchronized(digitList) {
              int maxIntDigits, minIntDigits, maxFraDigits, minFraDigits, maximumDigits;
              if (formatLong) {
                  maxIntDigits = super.getMaximumIntegerDigits();
                  minIntDigits = super.getMinimumIntegerDigits();
                  maxFraDigits = super.getMaximumFractionDigits();
                  minFraDigits = super.getMinimumFractionDigits();
                  maximumDigits = maxIntDigits + maxFraDigits;
              } else {
                  maxIntDigits = getMaximumIntegerDigits();
                  minIntDigits = getMinimumIntegerDigits();
                  maxFraDigits = getMaximumFractionDigits();
                  minFraDigits = getMinimumFractionDigits();
                  maximumDigits = maxIntDigits + maxFraDigits;
                  if (maximumDigits < 0) {
                      maximumDigits = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                  }
              }
  
              digitList.set(isNegative, number,
                            useExponentialNotation ? maximumDigits : 0);
  
              return subformat(result, delegate, isNegative, true,
                  maxIntDigits, minIntDigits, maxFraDigits, minFraDigits);
          }
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Use ICU.
  
      /**
       * Formats an Object producing an <code>AttributedCharacterIterator</code>.
       * You can use the returned <code>AttributedCharacterIterator</code>
       * to build the resulting String, as well as to determine information
       * about the resulting String.
       * <p>
       * Each attribute key of the AttributedCharacterIterator will be of type
       * <code>NumberFormat.Field</code>, with the attribute value being the
       * same as the attribute key.
       *
       * @exception NullPointerException if obj is null.
       * @exception IllegalArgumentException when the Format cannot format the
       *            given object.
       * @exception        ArithmeticException if rounding is needed with rounding
       *                   mode being set to RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
       * @param obj The object to format
       * @return AttributedCharacterIterator describing the formatted value.
       * @since 1.4
       */
      @Override
      public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator(Object obj) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          CharacterIteratorFieldDelegate delegate =
                           new CharacterIteratorFieldDelegate();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  
          if (obj instanceof Double || obj instanceof Float) {
              format(((Number)obj).doubleValue(), sb, delegate);
          } else if (obj instanceof Long || obj instanceof Integer ||
                     obj instanceof Short || obj instanceof Byte ||
                     obj instanceof AtomicInteger || obj instanceof AtomicLong) {
              format(((Number)obj).longValue(), sb, delegate);
          } else if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {
              format((BigDecimal)obj, sb, delegate);
          } else if (obj instanceof BigInteger) {
              format((BigInteger)obj, sb, delegate, false);
          } else if (obj == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException(
                  "formatToCharacterIterator must be passed non-null object");
          } else {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                  "Cannot format given Object as a Number");
          }
          return delegate.getIterator(sb.toString());
          */
          if (obj == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("object == null");
          }
          // Note: formatToCharacterIterator cannot be used directly because it returns attributes
          // in terms of its own class: icu.text.NumberFormat instead of java.text.NumberFormat.
          // http://bugs.icu-project.org/trac/ticket/11931 Proposes to use the NumberFormat constants.
  
          AttributedCharacterIterator original = icuDecimalFormat.formatToCharacterIterator(obj);
  
          // Extract the text out of the ICU iterator.
          StringBuilder textBuilder = new StringBuilder(
                  original.getEndIndex() - original.getBeginIndex());
  
          for (int i = original.getBeginIndex(); i < original.getEndIndex(); i++) {
              textBuilder.append(original.current());
              original.next();
          }
  
          AttributedString result = new AttributedString(textBuilder.toString());
  
          for (int i = original.getBeginIndex(); i < original.getEndIndex(); i++) {
              original.setIndex(i);
  
              for (AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute attribute
                      : original.getAttributes().keySet()) {
                      int start = original.getRunStart();
                      int end = original.getRunLimit();
                      Field javaAttr = toJavaFieldAttribute(attribute);
                      result.addAttribute(javaAttr, javaAttr, start, end);
              }
          }
  
          return result.getIterator();
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: "fast-path formatting logic for double", subformat(), append().
      /*
      // ==== Begin fast-path formating logic for double =========================
  
      /* Fast-path formatting will be used for format(double ...) methods iff a
       * number of conditions are met (see checkAndSetFastPathStatus()):
       * - Only if instance properties meet the right predefined conditions.
       * - The abs value of the double to format is <= Integer.MAX_VALUE.
       *
       * The basic approach is to split the binary to decimal conversion of a
       * double value into two phases:
       * * The conversion of the integer portion of the double.
       * * The conversion of the fractional portion of the double
       *   (limited to two or three digits).
       *
       * The isolation and conversion of the integer portion of the double is
       * straightforward. The conversion of the fraction is more subtle and relies
       * on some rounding properties of double to the decimal precisions in
       * question.  Using the terminology of BigDecimal, this fast-path algorithm
       * is applied when a double value has a magnitude less than Integer.MAX_VALUE
       * and rounding is to nearest even and the destination format has two or
       * three digits of *scale* (digits after the decimal point).
       *
       * Under a rounding to nearest even policy, the returned result is a digit
       * string of a number in the (in this case decimal) destination format
       * closest to the exact numerical value of the (in this case binary) input
       * value.  If two destination format numbers are equally distant, the one
       * with the last digit even is returned.  To compute such a correctly rounded
       * value, some information about digits beyond the smallest returned digit
       * position needs to be consulted.
       *
       * In general, a guard digit, a round digit, and a sticky *bit* are needed
       * beyond the returned digit position.  If the discarded portion of the input
       * is sufficiently large, the returned digit string is incremented.  In round
       * to nearest even, this threshold to increment occurs near the half-way
       * point between digits.  The sticky bit records if there are any remaining
       * trailing digits of the exact input value in the new format; the sticky bit
       * is consulted only in close to half-way rounding cases.
       *
       * Given the computation of the digit and bit values, rounding is then
       * reduced to a table lookup problem.  For decimal, the even/odd cases look
       * like this:
       *
       * Last   Round   Sticky
       * 6      5       0      => 6   // exactly halfway, return even digit.
       * 6      5       1      => 7   // a little bit more than halfway, round up.
       * 7      5       0      => 8   // exactly halfway, round up to even.
       * 7      5       1      => 8   // a little bit more than halfway, round up.
       * With analogous entries for other even and odd last-returned digits.
       *
       * However, decimal negative powers of 5 smaller than 0.5 are *not* exactly
       * representable as binary fraction.  In particular, 0.005 (the round limit
       * for a two-digit scale) and 0.0005 (the round limit for a three-digit
       * scale) are not representable. Therefore, for input values near these cases
       * the sticky bit is known to be set which reduces the rounding logic to:
       *
       * Last   Round   Sticky
       * 6      5       1      => 7   // a little bit more than halfway, round up.
       * 7      5       1      => 8   // a little bit more than halfway, round up.
       *
       * In other words, if the round digit is 5, the sticky bit is known to be
       * set.  If the round digit is something other than 5, the sticky bit is not
       * relevant.  Therefore, some of the logic about whether or not to increment
       * the destination *decimal* value can occur based on tests of *binary*
       * computations of the binary input number.
       *
  
      /**
       * Check validity of using fast-path for this instance. If fast-path is valid
       * for this instance, sets fast-path state as true and initializes fast-path
       * utility fields as needed.
       *
       * This method is supposed to be called rarely, otherwise that will break the
       * fast-path performance. That means avoiding frequent changes of the
       * properties of the instance, since for most properties, each time a change
       * happens, a call to this method is needed at the next format call.
       *
       * FAST-PATH RULES:
       *  Similar to the default DecimalFormat instantiation case.
       *  More precisely:
       *  - HALF_EVEN rounding mode,
       *  - isGroupingUsed() is true,
       *  - groupingSize of 3,
       *  - multiplier is 1,
       *  - Decimal separator not mandatory,
       *  - No use of exponential notation,
       *  - minimumIntegerDigits is exactly 1 and maximumIntegerDigits at least 10
       *  - For number of fractional digits, the exact values found in the default case:
       *     Currency : min = max = 2.
       *     Decimal  : min = 0. max = 3.
       *
       *
      private void checkAndSetFastPathStatus() {
  
          boolean fastPathWasOn = isFastPath;
  
          if ((roundingMode == RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN) &&
              (isGroupingUsed()) &&
              (groupingSize == 3) &&
              (multiplier == 1) &&
              (!decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown) &&
              (!useExponentialNotation)) {
  
              // The fast-path algorithm is semi-hardcoded against
              //  minimumIntegerDigits and maximumIntegerDigits.
              isFastPath = ((minimumIntegerDigits == 1) &&
                            (maximumIntegerDigits >= 10));
  
              // The fast-path algorithm is hardcoded against
              //  minimumFractionDigits and maximumFractionDigits.
              if (isFastPath) {
                  if (isCurrencyFormat) {
                      if ((minimumFractionDigits != 2) ||
                          (maximumFractionDigits != 2))
                          isFastPath = false;
                  } else if ((minimumFractionDigits != 0) ||
                             (maximumFractionDigits != 3))
                      isFastPath = false;
              }
          } else
              isFastPath = false;
  
          // Since some instance properties may have changed while still falling
          // in the fast-path case, we need to reinitialize fastPathData anyway.
          if (isFastPath) {
              // We need to instantiate fastPathData if not already done.
              if (fastPathData == null)
                  fastPathData = new FastPathData();
  
              // Sets up the locale specific constants used when formatting.
              // '0' is our default representation of zero.
              fastPathData.zeroDelta = symbols.getZeroDigit() - '0';
              fastPathData.groupingChar = symbols.getGroupingSeparator();
  
              // Sets up fractional constants related to currency/decimal pattern.
              fastPathData.fractionalMaxIntBound = (isCurrencyFormat) ? 99 : 999;
              fastPathData.fractionalScaleFactor = (isCurrencyFormat) ? 100.0d : 1000.0d;
  
              // Records the need for adding prefix or suffix
              fastPathData.positiveAffixesRequired =
                  (positivePrefix.length() != 0) || (positiveSuffix.length() != 0);
              fastPathData.negativeAffixesRequired =
                  (negativePrefix.length() != 0) || (negativeSuffix.length() != 0);
  
              // Creates a cached char container for result, with max possible size.
              int maxNbIntegralDigits = 10;
              int maxNbGroups = 3;
              int containerSize =
                  Math.max(positivePrefix.length(), negativePrefix.length()) +
                  maxNbIntegralDigits + maxNbGroups + 1 + maximumFractionDigits +
                  Math.max(positiveSuffix.length(), negativeSuffix.length());
  
              fastPathData.fastPathContainer = new char[containerSize];
  
              // Sets up prefix and suffix char arrays constants.
              fastPathData.charsPositiveSuffix = positiveSuffix.toCharArray();
              fastPathData.charsNegativeSuffix = negativeSuffix.toCharArray();
              fastPathData.charsPositivePrefix = positivePrefix.toCharArray();
              fastPathData.charsNegativePrefix = negativePrefix.toCharArray();
  
              // Sets up fixed index positions for integral and fractional digits.
              // Sets up decimal point in cached result container.
              int longestPrefixLength =
                  Math.max(positivePrefix.length(), negativePrefix.length());
              int decimalPointIndex =
                  maxNbIntegralDigits + maxNbGroups + longestPrefixLength;
  
              fastPathData.integralLastIndex    = decimalPointIndex - 1;
              fastPathData.fractionalFirstIndex = decimalPointIndex + 1;
              fastPathData.fastPathContainer[decimalPointIndex] =
                  isCurrencyFormat ?
                  symbols.getMonetaryDecimalSeparator() :
                  symbols.getDecimalSeparator();
  
          } else if (fastPathWasOn) {
              // Previous state was fast-path and is no more.
              // Resets cached array constants.
              fastPathData.fastPathContainer = null;
              fastPathData.charsPositiveSuffix = null;
              fastPathData.charsNegativeSuffix = null;
              fastPathData.charsPositivePrefix = null;
              fastPathData.charsNegativePrefix = null;
          }
  
          fastPathCheckNeeded = false;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns true if rounding-up must be done on {@code scaledFractionalPartAsInt},
       * false otherwise.
       *
       * This is a utility method that takes correct half-even rounding decision on
       * passed fractional value at the scaled decimal point (2 digits for currency
       * case and 3 for decimal case), when the approximated fractional part after
       * scaled decimal point is exactly 0.5d.  This is done by means of exact
       * calculations on the {@code fractionalPart} floating-point value.
       *
       * This method is supposed to be called by private {@code fastDoubleFormat}
       * method only.
       *
       * The algorithms used for the exact calculations are :
       *
       * The <b><i>FastTwoSum</i></b> algorithm, from T.J.Dekker, described in the
       * papers  "<i>A  Floating-Point   Technique  for  Extending  the  Available
       * Precision</i>"  by Dekker, and  in "<i>Adaptive  Precision Floating-Point
       * Arithmetic and Fast Robust Geometric Predicates</i>" from J.Shewchuk.
       *
       * A modified version of <b><i>Sum2S</i></b> cascaded summation described in
       * "<i>Accurate Sum and Dot Product</i>" from Takeshi Ogita and All.  As
       * Ogita says in this paper this is an equivalent of the Kahan-Babuska's
       * summation algorithm because we order the terms by magnitude before summing
       * them. For this reason we can use the <i>FastTwoSum</i> algorithm rather
       * than the more expensive Knuth's <i>TwoSum</i>.
       *
       * We do this to avoid a more expensive exact "<i>TwoProduct</i>" algorithm,
       * like those described in Shewchuk's paper above. See comments in the code
       * below.
       *
       * @param  fractionalPart The  fractional value  on which  we  take rounding
       * decision.
       * @param scaledFractionalPartAsInt The integral part of the scaled
       * fractional value.
       *
       * @return the decision that must be taken regarding half-even rounding.
       *
      private boolean exactRoundUp(double fractionalPart,
                                   int scaledFractionalPartAsInt) {
  
          /* exactRoundUp() method is called by fastDoubleFormat() only.
           * The precondition expected to be verified by the passed parameters is :
           * scaledFractionalPartAsInt ==
           *     (int) (fractionalPart * fastPathData.fractionalScaleFactor).
           * This is ensured by fastDoubleFormat() code.
           *
  
          /* We first calculate roundoff error made by fastDoubleFormat() on
           * the scaled fractional part. We do this with exact calculation on the
           * passed fractionalPart. Rounding decision will then be taken from roundoff.
           *
  
          /* ---- TwoProduct(fractionalPart, scale factor (i.e. 1000.0d or 100.0d)).
           *
           * The below is an optimized exact "TwoProduct" calculation of passed
           * fractional part with scale factor, using Ogita's Sum2S cascaded
           * summation adapted as Kahan-Babuska equivalent by using FastTwoSum
           * (much faster) rather than Knuth's TwoSum.
           *
           * We can do this because we order the summation from smallest to
           * greatest, so that FastTwoSum can be used without any additional error.
           *
           * The "TwoProduct" exact calculation needs 17 flops. We replace this by
           * a cascaded summation of FastTwoSum calculations, each involving an
           * exact multiply by a power of 2.
           *
           * Doing so saves overall 4 multiplications and 1 addition compared to
           * using traditional "TwoProduct".
           *
           * The scale factor is either 100 (currency case) or 1000 (decimal case).
           * - when 1000, we replace it by (1024 - 16 - 8) = 1000.
           * - when 100,  we replace it by (128  - 32 + 4) =  100.
           * Every multiplication by a power of 2 (1024, 128, 32, 16, 8, 4) is exact.
           *
           *
          double approxMax;    // Will always be positive.
          double approxMedium; // Will always be negative.
          double approxMin;
  
          double fastTwoSumApproximation = 0.0d;
          double fastTwoSumRoundOff = 0.0d;
          double bVirtual = 0.0d;
  
          if (isCurrencyFormat) {
              // Scale is 100 = 128 - 32 + 4.
              // Multiply by 2**n is a shift. No roundoff. No error.
              approxMax    = fractionalPart * 128.00d;
              approxMedium = - (fractionalPart * 32.00d);
              approxMin    = fractionalPart * 4.00d;
          } else {
              // Scale is 1000 = 1024 - 16 - 8.
              // Multiply by 2**n is a shift. No roundoff. No error.
              approxMax    = fractionalPart * 1024.00d;
              approxMedium = - (fractionalPart * 16.00d);
              approxMin    = - (fractionalPart * 8.00d);
          }
  
          // Shewchuk/Dekker's FastTwoSum(approxMedium, approxMin).
          assert(-approxMedium >= Math.abs(approxMin));
          fastTwoSumApproximation = approxMedium + approxMin;
          bVirtual = fastTwoSumApproximation - approxMedium;
          fastTwoSumRoundOff = approxMin - bVirtual;
          double approxS1 = fastTwoSumApproximation;
          double roundoffS1 = fastTwoSumRoundOff;
  
          // Shewchuk/Dekker's FastTwoSum(approxMax, approxS1);
          assert(approxMax >= Math.abs(approxS1));
          fastTwoSumApproximation = approxMax + approxS1;
          bVirtual = fastTwoSumApproximation - approxMax;
          fastTwoSumRoundOff = approxS1 - bVirtual;
          double roundoff1000 = fastTwoSumRoundOff;
          double approx1000 = fastTwoSumApproximation;
          double roundoffTotal = roundoffS1 + roundoff1000;
  
          // Shewchuk/Dekker's FastTwoSum(approx1000, roundoffTotal);
          assert(approx1000 >= Math.abs(roundoffTotal));
          fastTwoSumApproximation = approx1000 + roundoffTotal;
          bVirtual = fastTwoSumApproximation - approx1000;
  
          // Now we have got the roundoff for the scaled fractional
          double scaledFractionalRoundoff = roundoffTotal - bVirtual;
  
          // ---- TwoProduct(fractionalPart, scale (i.e. 1000.0d or 100.0d)) end.
  
          /* ---- Taking the rounding decision
           *
           * We take rounding decision based on roundoff and half-even rounding
           * rule.
           *
           * The above TwoProduct gives us the exact roundoff on the approximated
           * scaled fractional, and we know that this approximation is exactly
           * 0.5d, since that has already been tested by the caller
           * (fastDoubleFormat).
           *
           * Decision comes first from the sign of the calculated exact roundoff.
           * - Since being exact roundoff, it cannot be positive with a scaled
           *   fractional less than 0.5d, as well as negative with a scaled
           *   fractional greater than 0.5d. That leaves us with following 3 cases.
           * - positive, thus scaled fractional == 0.500....0fff ==> round-up.
           * - negative, thus scaled fractional == 0.499....9fff ==> don't round-up.
           * - is zero,  thus scaled fractioanl == 0.5 ==> half-even rounding applies :
           *    we round-up only if the integral part of the scaled fractional is odd.
           *
           *
          if (scaledFractionalRoundoff > 0.0) {
              return true;
          } else if (scaledFractionalRoundoff < 0.0) {
              return false;
          } else if ((scaledFractionalPartAsInt & 1) != 0) {
              return true;
          }
  
          return false;
  
          // ---- Taking the rounding decision end
      }
  
      /**
       * Collects integral digits from passed {@code number}, while setting
       * grouping chars as needed. Updates {@code firstUsedIndex} accordingly.
       *
       * Loops downward starting from {@code backwardIndex} position (inclusive).
       *
       * @param number  The int value from which we collect digits.
       * @param digitsBuffer The char array container where digits and grouping chars
       *  are stored.
       * @param backwardIndex the position from which we start storing digits in
       *  digitsBuffer.
       *
       *
      private void collectIntegralDigits(int number,
                                         char[] digitsBuffer,
                                         int backwardIndex) {
          int index = backwardIndex;
          int q;
          int r;
          while (number > 999) {
              // Generates 3 digits per iteration.
              q = number / 1000;
              r = number - (q << 10) + (q << 4) + (q << 3); // -1024 +16 +8 = 1000.
              number = q;
  
              digitsBuffer[index--] = DigitArrays.DigitOnes1000[r];
              digitsBuffer[index--] = DigitArrays.DigitTens1000[r];
              digitsBuffer[index--] = DigitArrays.DigitHundreds1000[r];
              digitsBuffer[index--] = fastPathData.groupingChar;
          }
  
          // Collects last 3 or less digits.
          digitsBuffer[index] = DigitArrays.DigitOnes1000[number];
          if (number > 9) {
              digitsBuffer[--index]  = DigitArrays.DigitTens1000[number];
              if (number > 99)
                  digitsBuffer[--index]   = DigitArrays.DigitHundreds1000[number];
          }
  
          fastPathData.firstUsedIndex = index;
      }
  
      /**
       * Collects the 2 (currency) or 3 (decimal) fractional digits from passed
       * {@code number}, starting at {@code startIndex} position
       * inclusive.  There is no punctuation to set here (no grouping chars).
       * Updates {@code fastPathData.lastFreeIndex} accordingly.
       *
       *
       * @param number  The int value from which we collect digits.
       * @param digitsBuffer The char array container where digits are stored.
       * @param startIndex the position from which we start storing digits in
       *  digitsBuffer.
       *
       *
      private void collectFractionalDigits(int number,
                                           char[] digitsBuffer,
                                           int startIndex) {
          int index = startIndex;
  
          char digitOnes = DigitArrays.DigitOnes1000[number];
          char digitTens = DigitArrays.DigitTens1000[number];
  
          if (isCurrencyFormat) {
              // Currency case. Always collects fractional digits.
              digitsBuffer[index++] = digitTens;
              digitsBuffer[index++] = digitOnes;
          } else if (number != 0) {
              // Decimal case. Hundreds will always be collected
              digitsBuffer[index++] = DigitArrays.DigitHundreds1000[number];
  
              // Ending zeros won't be collected.
              if (digitOnes != '0') {
                  digitsBuffer[index++] = digitTens;
                  digitsBuffer[index++] = digitOnes;
              } else if (digitTens != '0')
                  digitsBuffer[index++] = digitTens;
  
          } else
              // This is decimal pattern and fractional part is zero.
              // We must remove decimal point from result.
              index--;
  
          fastPathData.lastFreeIndex = index;
      }
  
      /**
       * Internal utility.
       * Adds the passed {@code prefix} and {@code suffix} to {@code container}.
       *
       * @param container  Char array container which to prepend/append the
       *  prefix/suffix.
       * @param prefix     Char sequence to prepend as a prefix.
       * @param suffix     Char sequence to append as a suffix.
       *
       *
      //    private void addAffixes(boolean isNegative, char[] container) {
      private void addAffixes(char[] container, char[] prefix, char[] suffix) {
  
          // We add affixes only if needed (affix length > 0).
          int pl = prefix.length;
          int sl = suffix.length;
          if (pl != 0) prependPrefix(prefix, pl, container);
          if (sl != 0) appendSuffix(suffix, sl, container);
  
      }
  
      /**
       * Prepends the passed {@code prefix} chars to given result
       * {@code container}.  Updates {@code fastPathData.firstUsedIndex}
       * accordingly.
       *
       * @param prefix The prefix characters to prepend to result.
       * @param len The number of chars to prepend.
       * @param container Char array container which to prepend the prefix
       *
      private void prependPrefix(char[] prefix,
                                 int len,
                                 char[] container) {
  
          fastPathData.firstUsedIndex -= len;
          int startIndex = fastPathData.firstUsedIndex;
  
          // If prefix to prepend is only 1 char long, just assigns this char.
          // If prefix is less or equal 4, we use a dedicated algorithm that
          //  has shown to run faster than System.arraycopy.
          // If more than 4, we use System.arraycopy.
          if (len == 1)
              container[startIndex] = prefix[0];
          else if (len <= 4) {
              int dstLower = startIndex;
              int dstUpper = dstLower + len - 1;
              int srcUpper = len - 1;
              container[dstLower] = prefix[0];
              container[dstUpper] = prefix[srcUpper];
  
              if (len > 2)
                  container[++dstLower] = prefix[1];
              if (len == 4)
                  container[--dstUpper] = prefix[2];
          } else
              System.arraycopy(prefix, 0, container, startIndex, len);
      }
  
      /**
       * Appends the passed {@code suffix} chars to given result
       * {@code container}.  Updates {@code fastPathData.lastFreeIndex}
       * accordingly.
       *
       * @param suffix The suffix characters to append to result.
       * @param len The number of chars to append.
       * @param container Char array container which to append the suffix
       *
      private void appendSuffix(char[] suffix,
                                int len,
                                char[] container) {
  
          int startIndex = fastPathData.lastFreeIndex;
  
          // If suffix to append is only 1 char long, just assigns this char.
          // If suffix is less or equal 4, we use a dedicated algorithm that
          //  has shown to run faster than System.arraycopy.
          // If more than 4, we use System.arraycopy.
          if (len == 1)
              container[startIndex] = suffix[0];
          else if (len <= 4) {
              int dstLower = startIndex;
              int dstUpper = dstLower + len - 1;
              int srcUpper = len - 1;
              container[dstLower] = suffix[0];
              container[dstUpper] = suffix[srcUpper];
  
              if (len > 2)
                  container[++dstLower] = suffix[1];
              if (len == 4)
                  container[--dstUpper] = suffix[2];
          } else
              System.arraycopy(suffix, 0, container, startIndex, len);
  
          fastPathData.lastFreeIndex += len;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts digit chars from {@code digitsBuffer} to current locale.
       *
       * Must be called before adding affixes since we refer to
       * {@code fastPathData.firstUsedIndex} and {@code fastPathData.lastFreeIndex},
       * and do not support affixes (for speed reason).
       *
       * We loop backward starting from last used index in {@code fastPathData}.
       *
       * @param digitsBuffer The char array container where the digits are stored.
       *
      private void localizeDigits(char[] digitsBuffer) {
  
          // We will localize only the digits, using the groupingSize,
          // and taking into account fractional part.
  
          // First take into account fractional part.
          int digitsCounter =
              fastPathData.lastFreeIndex - fastPathData.fractionalFirstIndex;
  
          // The case when there is no fractional digits.
          if (digitsCounter < 0)
              digitsCounter = groupingSize;
  
          // Only the digits remains to localize.
          for (int cursor = fastPathData.lastFreeIndex - 1;
               cursor >= fastPathData.firstUsedIndex;
               cursor--) {
              if (digitsCounter != 0) {
                  // This is a digit char, we must localize it.
                  digitsBuffer[cursor] += fastPathData.zeroDelta;
                  digitsCounter--;
              } else {
                  // Decimal separator or grouping char. Reinit counter only.
                  digitsCounter = groupingSize;
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * This is the main entry point for the fast-path format algorithm.
       *
       * At this point we are sure to be in the expected conditions to run it.
       * This algorithm builds the formatted result and puts it in the dedicated
       * {@code fastPathData.fastPathContainer}.
       *
       * @param d the double value to be formatted.
       * @param negative Flag precising if {@code d} is negative.
       *
      private void fastDoubleFormat(double d,
                                    boolean negative) {
  
          char[] container = fastPathData.fastPathContainer;
  
          /*
           * The principle of the algorithm is to :
           * - Break the passed double into its integral and fractional parts
           *    converted into integers.
           * - Then decide if rounding up must be applied or not by following
           *    the half-even rounding rule, first using approximated scaled
           *    fractional part.
           * - For the difficult cases (approximated scaled fractional part
           *    being exactly 0.5d), we refine the rounding decision by calling
           *    exactRoundUp utility method that both calculates the exact roundoff
           *    on the approximation and takes correct rounding decision.
           * - We round-up the fractional part if needed, possibly propagating the
           *    rounding to integral part if we meet a "all-nine" case for the
           *    scaled fractional part.
           * - We then collect digits from the resulting integral and fractional
           *   parts, also setting the required grouping chars on the fly.
           * - Then we localize the collected digits if needed, and
           * - Finally prepend/append prefix/suffix if any is needed.
           *
  
          // Exact integral part of d.
          int integralPartAsInt = (int) d;
  
          // Exact fractional part of d (since we subtract it's integral part).
          double exactFractionalPart = d - (double) integralPartAsInt;
  
          // Approximated scaled fractional part of d (due to multiplication).
          double scaledFractional =
              exactFractionalPart * fastPathData.fractionalScaleFactor;
  
          // Exact integral part of scaled fractional above.
          int fractionalPartAsInt = (int) scaledFractional;
  
          // Exact fractional part of scaled fractional above.
          scaledFractional = scaledFractional - (double) fractionalPartAsInt;
  
          // Only when scaledFractional is exactly 0.5d do we have to do exact
          // calculations and take fine-grained rounding decision, since
          // approximated results above may lead to incorrect decision.
          // Otherwise comparing against 0.5d (strictly greater or less) is ok.
          boolean roundItUp = false;
          if (scaledFractional >= 0.5d) {
              if (scaledFractional == 0.5d)
                  // Rounding need fine-grained decision.
                  roundItUp = exactRoundUp(exactFractionalPart, fractionalPartAsInt);
              else
                  roundItUp = true;
  
              if (roundItUp) {
                  // Rounds up both fractional part (and also integral if needed).
                  if (fractionalPartAsInt < fastPathData.fractionalMaxIntBound) {
                      fractionalPartAsInt++;
                  } else {
                      // Propagates rounding to integral part since "all nines" case.
                      fractionalPartAsInt = 0;
                      integralPartAsInt++;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          // Collecting digits.
          collectFractionalDigits(fractionalPartAsInt, container,
                                  fastPathData.fractionalFirstIndex);
          collectIntegralDigits(integralPartAsInt, container,
                                fastPathData.integralLastIndex);
  
          // Localizing digits.
          if (fastPathData.zeroDelta != 0)
              localizeDigits(container);
  
          // Adding prefix and suffix.
          if (negative) {
              if (fastPathData.negativeAffixesRequired)
                  addAffixes(container,
                             fastPathData.charsNegativePrefix,
                             fastPathData.charsNegativeSuffix);
          } else if (fastPathData.positiveAffixesRequired)
              addAffixes(container,
                         fastPathData.charsPositivePrefix,
                         fastPathData.charsPositiveSuffix);
      }
  
      /**
       * A fast-path shortcut of format(double) to be called by NumberFormat, or by
       * format(double, ...) public methods.
       *
       * If instance can be applied fast-path and passed double is not NaN or
       * Infinity, is in the integer range, we call {@code fastDoubleFormat}
       * after changing {@code d} to its positive value if necessary.
       *
       * Otherwise returns null by convention since fast-path can't be exercized.
       *
       * @param d The double value to be formatted
       *
       * @return the formatted result for {@code d} as a string.
       *
      String fastFormat(double d) {
          // (Re-)Evaluates fast-path status if needed.
          if (fastPathCheckNeeded)
              checkAndSetFastPathStatus();
  
          if (!isFastPath )
              // DecimalFormat instance is not in a fast-path state.
              return null;
  
          if (!Double.isFinite(d))
              // Should not use fast-path for Infinity and NaN.
              return null;
  
          // Extracts and records sign of double value, possibly changing it
          // to a positive one, before calling fastDoubleFormat().
          boolean negative = false;
          if (d < 0.0d) {
              negative = true;
              d = -d;
          } else if (d == 0.0d) {
              negative = (Math.copySign(1.0d, d) == -1.0d);
              d = +0.0d;
          }
  
          if (d > MAX_INT_AS_DOUBLE)
              // Filters out values that are outside expected fast-path range
              return null;
          else
              fastDoubleFormat(d, negative);
  
          // Returns a new string from updated fastPathContainer.
          return new String(fastPathData.fastPathContainer,
                            fastPathData.firstUsedIndex,
                            fastPathData.lastFreeIndex - fastPathData.firstUsedIndex);
  
      }
  
      // ======== End fast-path formating logic for double =========================
  
      /**
       * Complete the formatting of a finite number.  On entry, the digitList must
       * be filled in with the correct digits.
       *
      private StringBuffer subformat(StringBuffer result, FieldDelegate delegate,
                                     boolean isNegative, boolean isInteger,
                                     int maxIntDigits, int minIntDigits,
                                     int maxFraDigits, int minFraDigits) {
          // NOTE: This isn't required anymore because DigitList takes care of this.
          //
          //  // The negative of the exponent represents the number of leading
          //  // zeros between the decimal and the first non-zero digit, for
          //  // a value < 0.1 (e.g., for 0.00123, -fExponent == 2).  If this
          //  // is more than the maximum fraction digits, then we have an underflow
          //  // for the printed representation.  We recognize this here and set
          //  // the DigitList representation to zero in this situation.
          //
          //  if (-digitList.decimalAt >= getMaximumFractionDigits())
          //  {
          //      digitList.count = 0;
          //  }
  
          char zero = symbols.getZeroDigit();
          int zeroDelta = zero - '0'; // '0' is the DigitList representation of zero
          char grouping = symbols.getGroupingSeparator();
          char decimal = isCurrencyFormat ?
              symbols.getMonetaryDecimalSeparator() :
              symbols.getDecimalSeparator();
  
          /* Per bug 4147706, DecimalFormat must respect the sign of numbers which
           * format as zero.  This allows sensible computations and preserves
           * relations such as signum(1/x) = signum(x), where x is +Infinity or
           * -Infinity.  Prior to this fix, we always formatted zero values as if
           * they were positive.  Liu 7/6/98.
           *
          if (digitList.isZero()) {
              digitList.decimalAt = 0; // Normalize
          }
  
          if (isNegative) {
              append(result, negativePrefix, delegate,
                     getNegativePrefixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
          } else {
              append(result, positivePrefix, delegate,
                     getPositivePrefixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
          }
  
          if (useExponentialNotation) {
              int iFieldStart = result.length();
              int iFieldEnd = -1;
              int fFieldStart = -1;
  
              // Minimum integer digits are handled in exponential format by
              // adjusting the exponent.  For example, 0.01234 with 3 minimum
              // integer digits is "123.4E-4".
  
              // Maximum integer digits are interpreted as indicating the
              // repeating range.  This is useful for engineering notation, in
              // which the exponent is restricted to a multiple of 3.  For
              // example, 0.01234 with 3 maximum integer digits is "12.34e-3".
              // If maximum integer digits are > 1 and are larger than
              // minimum integer digits, then minimum integer digits are
              // ignored.
              int exponent = digitList.decimalAt;
              int repeat = maxIntDigits;
              int minimumIntegerDigits = minIntDigits;
              if (repeat > 1 && repeat > minIntDigits) {
                  // A repeating range is defined; adjust to it as follows.
                  // If repeat == 3, we have 6,5,4=>3; 3,2,1=>0; 0,-1,-2=>-3;
                  // -3,-4,-5=>-6, etc. This takes into account that the
                  // exponent we have here is off by one from what we expect;
                  // it is for the format 0.MMMMMx10^n.
                  if (exponent >= 1) {
                      exponent = ((exponent - 1) / repeat) * repeat;
                  } else {
                      // integer division rounds towards 0
                      exponent = ((exponent - repeat) / repeat) * repeat;
                  }
                  minimumIntegerDigits = 1;
              } else {
                  // No repeating range is defined; use minimum integer digits.
                  exponent -= minimumIntegerDigits;
              }
  
              // We now output a minimum number of digits, and more if there
              // are more digits, up to the maximum number of digits.  We
              // place the decimal point after the "integer" digits, which
              // are the first (decimalAt - exponent) digits.
              int minimumDigits = minIntDigits + minFraDigits;
              if (minimumDigits < 0) {    // overflow?
                  minimumDigits = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
              }
  
              // The number of integer digits is handled specially if the number
              // is zero, since then there may be no digits.
              int integerDigits = digitList.isZero() ? minimumIntegerDigits :
                      digitList.decimalAt - exponent;
              if (minimumDigits < integerDigits) {
                  minimumDigits = integerDigits;
              }
              int totalDigits = digitList.count;
              if (minimumDigits > totalDigits) {
                  totalDigits = minimumDigits;
              }
              boolean addedDecimalSeparator = false;
  
              for (int i=0; i<totalDigits; ++i) {
                  if (i == integerDigits) {
                      // Record field information for caller.
                      iFieldEnd = result.length();
  
                      result.append(decimal);
                      addedDecimalSeparator = true;
  
                      // Record field information for caller.
                      fFieldStart = result.length();
                  }
                  result.append((i < digitList.count) ?
                                (char)(digitList.digits[i] + zeroDelta) :
                                zero);
              }
  
              if (decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown && totalDigits == integerDigits) {
                  // Record field information for caller.
                  iFieldEnd = result.length();
  
                  result.append(decimal);
                  addedDecimalSeparator = true;
  
                  // Record field information for caller.
                  fFieldStart = result.length();
              }
  
              // Record field information
              if (iFieldEnd == -1) {
                  iFieldEnd = result.length();
              }
              delegate.formatted(INTEGER_FIELD, Field.INTEGER, Field.INTEGER,
                                 iFieldStart, iFieldEnd, result);
              if (addedDecimalSeparator) {
                  delegate.formatted(Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR,
                                     Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR,
                                     iFieldEnd, fFieldStart, result);
              }
              if (fFieldStart == -1) {
                  fFieldStart = result.length();
              }
              delegate.formatted(FRACTION_FIELD, Field.FRACTION, Field.FRACTION,
                                 fFieldStart, result.length(), result);
  
              // The exponent is output using the pattern-specified minimum
              // exponent digits.  There is no maximum limit to the exponent
              // digits, since truncating the exponent would result in an
              // unacceptable inaccuracy.
              int fieldStart = result.length();
  
              result.append(symbols.getExponentSeparator());
  
              delegate.formatted(Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL, Field.EXPONENT_SYMBOL,
                                 fieldStart, result.length(), result);
  
              // For zero values, we force the exponent to zero.  We
              // must do this here, and not earlier, because the value
              // is used to determine integer digit count above.
              if (digitList.isZero()) {
                  exponent = 0;
              }
  
              boolean negativeExponent = exponent < 0;
              if (negativeExponent) {
                  exponent = -exponent;
                  fieldStart = result.length();
                  result.append(symbols.getMinusSign());
                  delegate.formatted(Field.EXPONENT_SIGN, Field.EXPONENT_SIGN,
                                     fieldStart, result.length(), result);
              }
              digitList.set(negativeExponent, exponent);
  
              int eFieldStart = result.length();
  
              for (int i=digitList.decimalAt; i<minExponentDigits; ++i) {
                  result.append(zero);
              }
              for (int i=0; i<digitList.decimalAt; ++i) {
                  result.append((i < digitList.count) ?
                            (char)(digitList.digits[i] + zeroDelta) : zero);
              }
              delegate.formatted(Field.EXPONENT, Field.EXPONENT, eFieldStart,
                                 result.length(), result);
          } else {
              int iFieldStart = result.length();
  
              // Output the integer portion.  Here 'count' is the total
              // number of integer digits we will display, including both
              // leading zeros required to satisfy getMinimumIntegerDigits,
              // and actual digits present in the number.
              int count = minIntDigits;
              int digitIndex = 0; // Index into digitList.fDigits[]
              if (digitList.decimalAt > 0 && count < digitList.decimalAt) {
                  count = digitList.decimalAt;
              }
  
              // Handle the case where getMaximumIntegerDigits() is smaller
              // than the real number of integer digits.  If this is so, we
              // output the least significant max integer digits.  For example,
              // the value 1997 printed with 2 max integer digits is just "97".
              if (count > maxIntDigits) {
                  count = maxIntDigits;
                  digitIndex = digitList.decimalAt - count;
              }
  
              int sizeBeforeIntegerPart = result.length();
              for (int i=count-1; i>=0; --i) {
                  if (i < digitList.decimalAt && digitIndex < digitList.count) {
                      // Output a real digit
                      result.append((char)(digitList.digits[digitIndex++] + zeroDelta));
                  } else {
                      // Output a leading zero
                      result.append(zero);
                  }
  
                  // Output grouping separator if necessary.  Don't output a
                  // grouping separator if i==0 though; that's at the end of
                  // the integer part.
                  if (isGroupingUsed() && i>0 && (groupingSize != 0) &&
                      (i % groupingSize == 0)) {
                      int gStart = result.length();
                      result.append(grouping);
                      delegate.formatted(Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR,
                                         Field.GROUPING_SEPARATOR, gStart,
                                         result.length(), result);
                  }
              }
  
              // Determine whether or not there are any printable fractional
              // digits.  If we've used up the digits we know there aren't.
              boolean fractionPresent = (minFraDigits > 0) ||
                  (!isInteger && digitIndex < digitList.count);
  
              // If there is no fraction present, and we haven't printed any
              // integer digits, then print a zero.  Otherwise we won't print
              // _any_ digits, and we won't be able to parse this string.
              if (!fractionPresent && result.length() == sizeBeforeIntegerPart) {
                  result.append(zero);
              }
  
              delegate.formatted(INTEGER_FIELD, Field.INTEGER, Field.INTEGER,
                                 iFieldStart, result.length(), result);
  
              // Output the decimal separator if we always do so.
              int sStart = result.length();
              if (decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown || fractionPresent) {
                  result.append(decimal);
              }
  
              if (sStart != result.length()) {
                  delegate.formatted(Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR,
                                     Field.DECIMAL_SEPARATOR,
                                     sStart, result.length(), result);
              }
              int fFieldStart = result.length();
  
              for (int i=0; i < maxFraDigits; ++i) {
                  // Here is where we escape from the loop.  We escape if we've
                  // output the maximum fraction digits (specified in the for
                  // expression above).
                  // We also stop when we've output the minimum digits and either:
                  // we have an integer, so there is no fractional stuff to
                  // display, or we're out of significant digits.
                  if (i >= minFraDigits &&
                      (isInteger || digitIndex >= digitList.count)) {
                      break;
                  }
  
                  // Output leading fractional zeros. These are zeros that come
                  // after the decimal but before any significant digits. These
                  // are only output if abs(number being formatted) < 1.0.
                  if (-1-i > (digitList.decimalAt-1)) {
                      result.append(zero);
                      continue;
                  }
  
                  // Output a digit, if we have any precision left, or a
                  // zero if we don't.  We don't want to output noise digits.
                  if (!isInteger && digitIndex < digitList.count) {
                      result.append((char)(digitList.digits[digitIndex++] + zeroDelta));
                  } else {
                      result.append(zero);
                  }
              }
  
              // Record field information for caller.
              delegate.formatted(FRACTION_FIELD, Field.FRACTION, Field.FRACTION,
                                 fFieldStart, result.length(), result);
          }
  
          if (isNegative) {
              append(result, negativeSuffix, delegate,
                     getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
          } else {
              append(result, positiveSuffix, delegate,
                     getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions(), Field.SIGN);
          }
  
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Appends the String <code>string</code> to <code>result</code>.
       * <code>delegate</code> is notified of all  the
       * <code>FieldPosition</code>s in <code>positions</code>.
       * <p>
       * If one of the <code>FieldPosition</code>s in <code>positions</code>
       * identifies a <code>SIGN</code> attribute, it is mapped to
       * <code>signAttribute</code>. This is used
       * to map the <code>SIGN</code> attribute to the <code>EXPONENT</code>
       * attribute as necessary.
       * <p>
       * This is used by <code>subformat</code> to add the prefix/suffix.
       *
      private void append(StringBuffer result, String string,
                          FieldDelegate delegate,
                          FieldPosition[] positions,
                          Format.Field signAttribute) {
          int start = result.length();
  
          if (string.length() > 0) {
              result.append(string);
              for (int counter = 0, max = positions.length; counter < max;
                   counter++) {
                  FieldPosition fp = positions[counter];
                  Format.Field attribute = fp.getFieldAttribute();
  
                  if (attribute == Field.SIGN) {
                      attribute = signAttribute;
                  }
                  delegate.formatted(attribute, attribute,
                                     start + fp.getBeginIndex(),
                                     start + fp.getEndIndex(), result);
              }
          }
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: "fast-path formatting logic for double", subformat(), append().
  
      /**
       * Parses text from a string to produce a <code>Number</code>.
       * <p>
       * The method attempts to parse text starting at the index given by
       * <code>pos</code>.
       * If parsing succeeds, then the index of <code>pos</code> is updated
       * to the index after the last character used (parsing does not necessarily
       * use all characters up to the end of the string), and the parsed
       * number is returned. The updated <code>pos</code> can be used to
       * indicate the starting point for the next call to this method.
       * If an error occurs, then the index of <code>pos</code> is not
       * changed, the error index of <code>pos</code> is set to the index of
       * the character where the error occurred, and null is returned.
       * <p>
       * The subclass returned depends on the value of {@link #isParseBigDecimal}
       * as well as on the string being parsed.
       * <ul>
       *   <li>If <code>isParseBigDecimal()</code> is false (the default),
       *       most integer values are returned as <code>Long</code>
       *       objects, no matter how they are written: <code>"17"</code> and
       *       <code>"17.000"</code> both parse to <code>Long(17)</code>.
       *       Values that cannot fit into a <code>Long</code> are returned as
       *       <code>Double</code>s. This includes values with a fractional part,
       *       infinite values, <code>NaN</code>, and the value -0.0.
       *       <code>DecimalFormat</code> does <em>not</em> decide whether to
       *       return a <code>Double</code> or a <code>Long</code> based on the
       *       presence of a decimal separator in the source string. Doing so
       *       would prevent integers that overflow the mantissa of a double,
       *       such as <code>"-9,223,372,036,854,775,808.00"</code>, from being
       *       parsed accurately.
       *       <p>
       *       Callers may use the <code>Number</code> methods
       *       <code>doubleValue</code>, <code>longValue</code>, etc., to obtain
       *       the type they want.
       *   <li>If <code>isParseBigDecimal()</code> is true, values are returned
       *       as <code>BigDecimal</code> objects. The values are the ones
       *       constructed by {@link BigDecimal#BigDecimal(String)}
       *       for corresponding strings in locale-independent format. The
       *       special cases negative and positive infinity and NaN are returned
       *       as <code>Double</code> instances holding the values of the
       *       corresponding <code>Double</code> constants.
       * </ul>
       * <p>
       * <code>DecimalFormat</code> parses all Unicode characters that represent
       * decimal digits, as defined by <code>Character.digit()</code>. In
       * addition, <code>DecimalFormat</code> also recognizes as digits the ten
       * consecutive characters starting with the localized zero digit defined in
       * the <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object.
       *
       * @param text the string to be parsed
       * @param pos  A <code>ParsePosition</code> object with index and error
       *             index information as described above.
       * @return     the parsed value, or <code>null</code> if the parse fails
       * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>text</code> or
       *             <code>pos</code> is null.
       */
      @Override
      public Number parse(String text, ParsePosition pos) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // Return early if the parse position is bogus.
          /*
          // special case NaN
          if (text.regionMatches(pos.index, symbols.getNaN(), 0, symbols.getNaN().length())) {
              pos.index = pos.index + symbols.getNaN().length();
              return new Double(Double.NaN);
          }
  
          boolean[] status = new boolean[STATUS_LENGTH];
          if (!subparse(text, pos, positivePrefix, negativePrefix, digitList, false, status)) {
              return null;
          }
  
          // special case INFINITY
          if (status[STATUS_INFINITE]) {
              if (status[STATUS_POSITIVE] == (multiplier >= 0)) {
                  return new Double(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
              } else {
                  return new Double(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
              }
          }
  
          if (multiplier == 0) {
              if (digitList.isZero()) {
                  return new Double(Double.NaN);
              } else if (status[STATUS_POSITIVE]) {
                  return new Double(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
              } else {
                  return new Double(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
              }
          }
  
          if (isParseBigDecimal()) {
              BigDecimal bigDecimalResult = digitList.getBigDecimal();
  
              if (multiplier != 1) {
                  try {
                      bigDecimalResult = bigDecimalResult.divide(getBigDecimalMultiplier());
                  }
                  catch (ArithmeticException e) {  // non-terminating decimal expansion
                      bigDecimalResult = bigDecimalResult.divide(getBigDecimalMultiplier(), roundingMode);
                  }
              }
  
              if (!status[STATUS_POSITIVE]) {
                  bigDecimalResult = bigDecimalResult.negate();
              }
              return bigDecimalResult;
          } else {
              boolean gotDouble = true;
              boolean gotLongMinimum = false;
              double  doubleResult = 0.0;
              long    longResult = 0;
  
              // Finally, have DigitList parse the digits into a value.
              if (digitList.fitsIntoLong(status[STATUS_POSITIVE], isParseIntegerOnly())) {
                  gotDouble = false;
                  longResult = digitList.getLong();
                  if (longResult < 0) {  // got Long.MIN_VALUE
                      gotLongMinimum = true;
                  }
              } else {
                  doubleResult = digitList.getDouble();
              }
  
              // Divide by multiplier. We have to be careful here not to do
              // unneeded conversions between double and long.
              if (multiplier != 1) {
                  if (gotDouble) {
                      doubleResult /= multiplier;
                  } else {
                      // Avoid converting to double if we can
                      if (longResult % multiplier == 0) {
                          longResult /= multiplier;
                      } else {
                          doubleResult = ((double)longResult) / multiplier;
                          gotDouble = true;
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              if (!status[STATUS_POSITIVE] && !gotLongMinimum) {
                  doubleResult = -doubleResult;
                  longResult = -longResult;
              }
  
              // At this point, if we divided the result by the multiplier, the
              // result may fit into a long.  We check for this case and return
              // a long if possible.
              // We must do this AFTER applying the negative (if appropriate)
              // in order to handle the case of LONG_MIN; otherwise, if we do
              // this with a positive value -LONG_MIN, the double is > 0, but
              // the long is < 0. We also must retain a double in the case of
              // -0.0, which will compare as == to a long 0 cast to a double
              // (bug 4162852).
              if (multiplier != 1 && gotDouble) {
                  longResult = (long)doubleResult;
                  gotDouble = ((doubleResult != (double)longResult) ||
                              (doubleResult == 0.0 && 1/doubleResult < 0.0)) &&
                              !isParseIntegerOnly();
              }
  
              return gotDouble ?
                  (Number)new Double(doubleResult) : (Number)new Long(longResult);
          }
          */
          if (pos.index < 0 || pos.index >= text.length()) {
              return null;
          }
  
          // This might return android.icu.math.BigDecimal, java.math.BigInteger or a primitive type.
          Number number = icuDecimalFormat.parse(text, pos);
          if (number == null) {
              return null;
          }
          if (isParseBigDecimal()) {
              if (number instanceof Long) {
                  return new BigDecimal(number.longValue());
              }
              if ((number instanceof Double) && !((Double) number).isInfinite()
                      && !((Double) number).isNaN()) {
                  return new BigDecimal(number.toString());
              }
              if ((number instanceof Double) &&
                      (((Double) number).isNaN() || ((Double) number).isInfinite())) {
                  return number;
              }
              if (number instanceof android.icu.math.BigDecimal) {
                  return ((android.icu.math.BigDecimal) number).toBigDecimal();
              }
          }
          if ((number instanceof android.icu.math.BigDecimal) || (number instanceof BigInteger)) {
              return number.doubleValue();
          }
          if (isParseIntegerOnly() && number.equals(new Double(-0.0))) {
              return 0L;
          }
          return number;
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Unused private helpers.
      /*
      /**
       * Return a BigInteger multiplier.
       *
      private BigInteger getBigIntegerMultiplier() {
          if (bigIntegerMultiplier == null) {
              bigIntegerMultiplier = BigInteger.valueOf(multiplier);
          }
          return bigIntegerMultiplier;
      }
      private transient BigInteger bigIntegerMultiplier;
  
      /**
       * Return a BigDecimal multiplier.
       *
      private BigDecimal getBigDecimalMultiplier() {
          if (bigDecimalMultiplier == null) {
              bigDecimalMultiplier = new BigDecimal(multiplier);
          }
          return bigDecimalMultiplier;
      }
      private transient BigDecimal bigDecimalMultiplier;
  
      private static final int STATUS_INFINITE = 0;
      private static final int STATUS_POSITIVE = 1;
      private static final int STATUS_LENGTH   = 2;
  
      /**
       * Parse the given text into a number.  The text is parsed beginning at
       * parsePosition, until an unparseable character is seen.
       * @param text The string to parse.
       * @param parsePosition The position at which to being parsing.  Upon
       * return, the first unparseable character.
       * @param digits The DigitList to set to the parsed value.
       * @param isExponent If true, parse an exponent.  This means no
       * infinite values and integer only.
       * @param status Upon return contains boolean status flags indicating
       * whether the value was infinite and whether it was positive.
       *
      private final boolean subparse(String text, ParsePosition parsePosition,
                     String positivePrefix, String negativePrefix,
                     DigitList digits, boolean isExponent,
                     boolean status[]) {
          int position = parsePosition.index;
          int oldStart = parsePosition.index;
          int backup;
          boolean gotPositive, gotNegative;
  
          // check for positivePrefix; take longest
          gotPositive = text.regionMatches(position, positivePrefix, 0,
                                           positivePrefix.length());
          gotNegative = text.regionMatches(position, negativePrefix, 0,
                                           negativePrefix.length());
  
          if (gotPositive && gotNegative) {
              if (positivePrefix.length() > negativePrefix.length()) {
                  gotNegative = false;
              } else if (positivePrefix.length() < negativePrefix.length()) {
                  gotPositive = false;
              }
          }
  
          if (gotPositive) {
              position += positivePrefix.length();
          } else if (gotNegative) {
              position += negativePrefix.length();
          } else {
              parsePosition.errorIndex = position;
              return false;
          }
  
          // process digits or Inf, find decimal position
          status[STATUS_INFINITE] = false;
          if (!isExponent && text.regionMatches(position,symbols.getInfinity(),0,
                            symbols.getInfinity().length())) {
              position += symbols.getInfinity().length();
              status[STATUS_INFINITE] = true;
          } else {
              // We now have a string of digits, possibly with grouping symbols,
              // and decimal points.  We want to process these into a DigitList.
              // We don't want to put a bunch of leading zeros into the DigitList
              // though, so we keep track of the location of the decimal point,
              // put only significant digits into the DigitList, and adjust the
              // exponent as needed.
  
              digits.decimalAt = digits.count = 0;
              char zero = symbols.getZeroDigit();
              char decimal = isCurrencyFormat ?
                  symbols.getMonetaryDecimalSeparator() :
                  symbols.getDecimalSeparator();
              char grouping = symbols.getGroupingSeparator();
              String exponentString = symbols.getExponentSeparator();
              boolean sawDecimal = false;
              boolean sawExponent = false;
              boolean sawDigit = false;
              int exponent = 0; // Set to the exponent value, if any
  
              // We have to track digitCount ourselves, because digits.count will
              // pin when the maximum allowable digits is reached.
              int digitCount = 0;
  
              backup = -1;
              for (; position < text.length(); ++position) {
                  char ch = text.charAt(position);
  
                  /* We recognize all digit ranges, not only the Latin digit range
                   * '0'..'9'.  We do so by using the Character.digit() method,
                   * which converts a valid Unicode digit to the range 0..9.
                   *
                   * The character 'ch' may be a digit.  If so, place its value
                   * from 0 to 9 in 'digit'.  First try using the locale digit,
                   * which may or MAY NOT be a standard Unicode digit range.  If
                   * this fails, try using the standard Unicode digit ranges by
                   * calling Character.digit().  If this also fails, digit will
                   * have a value outside the range 0..9.
                   *
                  int digit = ch - zero;
                  if (digit < 0 || digit > 9) {
                      digit = Character.digit(ch, 10);
                  }
  
                  if (digit == 0) {
                      // Cancel out backup setting (see grouping handler below)
                      backup = -1; // Do this BEFORE continue statement below!!!
                      sawDigit = true;
  
                      // Handle leading zeros
                      if (digits.count == 0) {
                          // Ignore leading zeros in integer part of number.
                          if (!sawDecimal) {
                              continue;
                          }
  
                          // If we have seen the decimal, but no significant
                          // digits yet, then we account for leading zeros by
                          // decrementing the digits.decimalAt into negative
                          // values.
                          --digits.decimalAt;
                      } else {
                          ++digitCount;
                          digits.append((char)(digit + '0'));
                      }
                  } else if (digit > 0 && digit <= 9) { // [sic] digit==0 handled above
                      sawDigit = true;
                      ++digitCount;
                      digits.append((char)(digit + '0'));
  
                      // Cancel out backup setting (see grouping handler below)
                      backup = -1;
                  } else if (!isExponent && ch == decimal) {
                      // If we're only parsing integers, or if we ALREADY saw the
                      // decimal, then don't parse this one.
                      if (isParseIntegerOnly() || sawDecimal) {
                          break;
                      }
                      digits.decimalAt = digitCount; // Not digits.count!
                      sawDecimal = true;
                  } else if (!isExponent && ch == grouping && isGroupingUsed()) {
                      if (sawDecimal) {
                          break;
                      }
                      // Ignore grouping characters, if we are using them, but
                      // require that they be followed by a digit.  Otherwise
                      // we backup and reprocess them.
                      backup = position;
                  } else if (!isExponent && text.regionMatches(position, exponentString, 0, exponentString.length())
                               && !sawExponent) {
                      // Process the exponent by recursively calling this method.
                       ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(position + exponentString.length());
                      boolean[] stat = new boolean[STATUS_LENGTH];
                      DigitList exponentDigits = new DigitList();
  
                      if (subparse(text, pos, "", Character.toString(symbols.getMinusSign()), exponentDigits, true, stat) &&
                          exponentDigits.fitsIntoLong(stat[STATUS_POSITIVE], true)) {
                          position = pos.index; // Advance past the exponent
                          exponent = (int)exponentDigits.getLong();
                          if (!stat[STATUS_POSITIVE]) {
                              exponent = -exponent;
                          }
                          sawExponent = true;
                      }
                      break; // Whether we fail or succeed, we exit this loop
                  } else {
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              if (backup != -1) {
                  position = backup;
              }
  
              // If there was no decimal point we have an integer
              if (!sawDecimal) {
                  digits.decimalAt = digitCount; // Not digits.count!
              }
  
              // Adjust for exponent, if any
              digits.decimalAt += exponent;
  
              // If none of the text string was recognized.  For example, parse
              // "x" with pattern "#0.00" (return index and error index both 0)
              // parse "$" with pattern "$#0.00". (return index 0 and error
              // index 1).
              if (!sawDigit && digitCount == 0) {
                  parsePosition.index = oldStart;
                  parsePosition.errorIndex = oldStart;
                  return false;
              }
          }
  
          // check for suffix
          if (!isExponent) {
              if (gotPositive) {
                  gotPositive = text.regionMatches(position,positiveSuffix,0,
                                                   positiveSuffix.length());
              }
              if (gotNegative) {
                  gotNegative = text.regionMatches(position,negativeSuffix,0,
                                                   negativeSuffix.length());
              }
  
          // if both match, take longest
          if (gotPositive && gotNegative) {
              if (positiveSuffix.length() > negativeSuffix.length()) {
                  gotNegative = false;
              } else if (positiveSuffix.length() < negativeSuffix.length()) {
                  gotPositive = false;
              }
          }
  
          // fail if neither or both
          if (gotPositive == gotNegative) {
              parsePosition.errorIndex = position;
              return false;
          }
  
          parsePosition.index = position +
              (gotPositive ? positiveSuffix.length() : negativeSuffix.length()); // mark success!
          } else {
              parsePosition.index = position;
          }
  
          status[STATUS_POSITIVE] = gotPositive;
          if (parsePosition.index == oldStart) {
              parsePosition.errorIndex = position;
              return false;
          }
          return true;
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Unused private helpers.
  
      /**
       * Returns a copy of the decimal format symbols, which is generally not
       * changed by the programmer or user.
       * @return a copy of the desired DecimalFormatSymbols
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols
       */
      public DecimalFormatSymbols getDecimalFormatSymbols() {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          try {
              // don't allow multiple references
              return (DecimalFormatSymbols) symbols.clone();
          } catch (Exception foo) {
              return null; // should never happen
          }
          */
          return DecimalFormatSymbols.fromIcuInstance(icuDecimalFormat.getDecimalFormatSymbols());
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Sets the decimal format symbols, which is generally not changed
       * by the programmer or user.
       * @param newSymbols desired DecimalFormatSymbols
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols
       */
      public void setDecimalFormatSymbols(DecimalFormatSymbols newSymbols) {
          try {
              // don't allow multiple references
              symbols = (DecimalFormatSymbols) newSymbols.clone();
              // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
              /*
              expandAffixes();
              fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
              */
              icuDecimalFormat.setDecimalFormatSymbols(symbols.getIcuDecimalFormatSymbols());
              // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
          } catch (Exception foo) {
              // should never happen
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the positive prefix.
       * <P>Examples: +123, $123, sFr123
       *
       * @return the positive prefix
       */
      public String getPositivePrefix () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return positivePrefix;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getPositivePrefix();
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the positive prefix.
       * <P>Examples: +123, $123, sFr123
       *
       * @param newValue the new positive prefix
       */
      public void setPositivePrefix (String newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          positivePrefix = newValue;
          posPrefixPattern = null;
          positivePrefixFieldPositions = null;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setPositivePrefix(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: private helper getPositivePrefixFieldPositions().
      /*
      /**
       * Returns the FieldPositions of the fields in the prefix used for
       * positive numbers. This is not used if the user has explicitly set
       * a positive prefix via <code>setPositivePrefix</code>. This is
       * lazily created.
       *
       * @return FieldPositions in positive prefix
       *
      private FieldPosition[] getPositivePrefixFieldPositions() {
          if (positivePrefixFieldPositions == null) {
              if (posPrefixPattern != null) {
                  positivePrefixFieldPositions = expandAffix(posPrefixPattern);
              } else {
                  positivePrefixFieldPositions = EmptyFieldPositionArray;
              }
          }
          return positivePrefixFieldPositions;
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: private helper getPositivePrefixFieldPositions().
  
      /**
       * Get the negative prefix.
       * <P>Examples: -123, ($123) (with negative suffix), sFr-123
       *
       * @return the negative prefix
       */
      public String getNegativePrefix () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return negativePrefix;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getNegativePrefix();
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the negative prefix.
       * <P>Examples: -123, ($123) (with negative suffix), sFr-123
       *
       * @param newValue the new negative prefix
       */
      public void setNegativePrefix (String newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          negativePrefix = newValue;
          negPrefixPattern = null;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setNegativePrefix(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: private helper getNegativePrefixFieldPositions().
      /*
      /**
       * Returns the FieldPositions of the fields in the prefix used for
       * negative numbers. This is not used if the user has explicitly set
       * a negative prefix via <code>setNegativePrefix</code>. This is
       * lazily created.
       *
       * @return FieldPositions in positive prefix
       *
      private FieldPosition[] getNegativePrefixFieldPositions() {
          if (negativePrefixFieldPositions == null) {
              if (negPrefixPattern != null) {
                  negativePrefixFieldPositions = expandAffix(negPrefixPattern);
              } else {
                  negativePrefixFieldPositions = EmptyFieldPositionArray;
              }
          }
          return negativePrefixFieldPositions;
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: private helper getNegativePrefixFieldPositions().
  
      /**
       * Get the positive suffix.
       * <P>Example: 123%
       *
       * @return the positive suffix
       */
      public String getPositiveSuffix () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return positiveSuffix;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getPositiveSuffix();
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the positive suffix.
       * <P>Example: 123%
       *
       * @param newValue the new positive suffix
       */
      public void setPositiveSuffix (String newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          positiveSuffix = newValue;
          posSuffixPattern = null;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setPositiveSuffix(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: private helper getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions().
      /*
      /**
       * Returns the FieldPositions of the fields in the suffix used for
       * positive numbers. This is not used if the user has explicitly set
       * a positive suffix via <code>setPositiveSuffix</code>. This is
       * lazily created.
       *
       * @return FieldPositions in positive prefix
       *
      private FieldPosition[] getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions() {
          if (positiveSuffixFieldPositions == null) {
              if (posSuffixPattern != null) {
                  positiveSuffixFieldPositions = expandAffix(posSuffixPattern);
              } else {
                  positiveSuffixFieldPositions = EmptyFieldPositionArray;
              }
          }
          return positiveSuffixFieldPositions;
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: private helper getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions().
  
      /**
       * Get the negative suffix.
       * <P>Examples: -123%, ($123) (with positive suffixes)
       *
       * @return the negative suffix
       */
      public String getNegativeSuffix () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return negativeSuffix;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getNegativeSuffix();
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the negative suffix.
       * <P>Examples: 123%
       *
       * @param newValue the new negative suffix
       */
      public void setNegativeSuffix (String newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          negativeSuffix = newValue;
          negSuffixPattern = null;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
           */
          icuDecimalFormat.setNegativeSuffix(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: private helper getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions().
      /*
      /**
       * Returns the FieldPositions of the fields in the suffix used for
       * negative numbers. This is not used if the user has explicitly set
       * a negative suffix via <code>setNegativeSuffix</code>. This is
       * lazily created.
       *
       * @return FieldPositions in positive prefix
       *
      private FieldPosition[] getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions() {
          if (negativeSuffixFieldPositions == null) {
              if (negSuffixPattern != null) {
                  negativeSuffixFieldPositions = expandAffix(negSuffixPattern);
              } else {
                  negativeSuffixFieldPositions = EmptyFieldPositionArray;
              }
          }
          return negativeSuffixFieldPositions;
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: private helper getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions().
  
      /**
       * Gets the multiplier for use in percent, per mille, and similar
       * formats.
       *
       * @return the multiplier
       * @see #setMultiplier(int)
       */
      public int getMultiplier () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return multiplier;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getMultiplier();
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the multiplier for use in percent, per mille, and similar
       * formats.
       * For a percent format, set the multiplier to 100 and the suffixes to
       * have '%' (for Arabic, use the Arabic percent sign).
       * For a per mille format, set the multiplier to 1000 and the suffixes to
       * have '&#92;u2030'.
       *
       * <P>Example: with multiplier 100, 1.23 is formatted as "123", and
       * "123" is parsed into 1.23.
       *
       * @param newValue the new multiplier
       * @see #getMultiplier
       */
      public void setMultiplier (int newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          multiplier = newValue;
          bigDecimalMultiplier = null;
          bigIntegerMultiplier = null;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setMultiplier(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      /**
       * {@inheritDoc}
       */
      @Override
      public void setGroupingUsed(boolean newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          super.setGroupingUsed(newValue);
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setGroupingUsed(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: isGroupingUsed() override delegating to ICU.
      /**
       * {@inheritDoc}
       */
      @Override
      public boolean isGroupingUsed() {
          return icuDecimalFormat.isGroupingUsed();
      }
      // END Android-added: isGroupingUsed() override delegating to ICU.
  
      /**
       * Return the grouping size. Grouping size is the number of digits between
       * grouping separators in the integer portion of a number.  For example,
       * in the number "123,456.78", the grouping size is 3.
       *
       * @return the grouping size
       * @see #setGroupingSize
       * @see NumberFormat#isGroupingUsed
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator
       */
      public int getGroupingSize () {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return groupingSize;
          return icuDecimalFormat.getGroupingSize();
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the grouping size. Grouping size is the number of digits between
       * grouping separators in the integer portion of a number.  For example,
       * in the number "123,456.78", the grouping size is 3.
       * <br>
       * The value passed in is converted to a byte, which may lose information.
       *
       * @param newValue the new grouping size
       * @see #getGroupingSize
       * @see NumberFormat#setGroupingUsed
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols#setGroupingSeparator
       */
      public void setGroupingSize (int newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          groupingSize = (byte)newValue;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setGroupingSize(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      /**
       * Allows you to get the behavior of the decimal separator with integers.
       * (The decimal separator will always appear with decimals.)
       * <P>Example: Decimal ON: 12345 &rarr; 12345.; OFF: 12345 &rarr; 12345
       *
       * @return {@code true} if the decimal separator is always shown;
       *         {@code false} otherwise
       */
      public boolean isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown() {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown;
          return icuDecimalFormat.isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown();
      }
  
      /**
       * Allows you to set the behavior of the decimal separator with integers.
       * (The decimal separator will always appear with decimals.)
       * <P>Example: Decimal ON: 12345 &rarr; 12345.; OFF: 12345 &rarr; 12345
       *
       * @param newValue {@code true} if the decimal separator is always shown;
       *                 {@code false} otherwise
       */
      public void setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(boolean newValue) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU.
          /*
          decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown = newValue;
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          */
          icuDecimalFormat.setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(newValue);
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU.
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns whether the {@link #parse(String, ParsePosition)}
       * method returns <code>BigDecimal</code>. The default value is false.
       *
       * @return {@code true} if the parse method returns BigDecimal;
       *         {@code false} otherwise
       * @see #setParseBigDecimal
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public boolean isParseBigDecimal() {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // return parseBigDecimal;
          return icuDecimalFormat.isParseBigDecimal();
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets whether the {@link #parse(String, ParsePosition)}
       * method returns <code>BigDecimal</code>.
       *
       * @param newValue {@code true} if the parse method returns BigDecimal;
       *                 {@code false} otherwise
       * @see #isParseBigDecimal
       * @since 1.5
       */
      public void setParseBigDecimal(boolean newValue) {
          // Android-changed: Use ICU.
          // parseBigDecimal = newValue;
          icuDecimalFormat.setParseBigDecimal(newValue);
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: setParseIntegerOnly()/isParseIntegerOnly() overrides delegating to ICU.
      /**
       * {@inheritDoc}
       */
      @Override
      public boolean isParseIntegerOnly() {
          return icuDecimalFormat.isParseIntegerOnly();
      }
  
      /**
       * {@inheritDoc}
       */
      @Override
      public void setParseIntegerOnly(boolean value) {
          super.setParseIntegerOnly(value);
          icuDecimalFormat.setParseIntegerOnly(value);
      }
      // END Android-added: setParseIntegerOnly()/isParseIntegerOnly() overrides delegating to ICU.
  
      /**
       * Standard override; no change in semantics.
       */
      @Override
      public Object clone() {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Use ICU, remove fast path related code.
          /*
          DecimalFormat other = (DecimalFormat) super.clone();
          other.symbols = (DecimalFormatSymbols) symbols.clone();
          other.digitList = (DigitList) digitList.clone();
  
          // Fast-path is almost stateless algorithm. The only logical state is the
          // isFastPath flag. In addition fastPathCheckNeeded is a sentinel flag
          // that forces recalculation of all fast-path fields when set to true.
          //
          // There is thus no need to clone all the fast-path fields.
          // We just only need to set fastPathCheckNeeded to true when cloning,
          // and init fastPathData to null as if it were a truly new instance.
          // Every fast-path field will be recalculated (only once) at next usage of
          // fast-path algorithm.
          other.fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          other.isFastPath = false;
          other.fastPathData = null;
  
          return other;
          */
          try {
              DecimalFormat other = (DecimalFormat) super.clone();
              other.icuDecimalFormat = (android.icu.text.DecimalFormat) icuDecimalFormat.clone();
              other.symbols = (DecimalFormatSymbols) symbols.clone();
              return other;
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new InternalError();
          }
          // END Android-changed: Use ICU, remove fast path related code.
      }
  
      /**
       * Overrides equals
       */
      @Override
      public boolean equals(Object obj)
      {
      // BEGIN Android-changed: re-implement equals() using ICU fields.
          /*
          if (obj == null)
              return false;
          if (!super.equals(obj))
              return false; // super does class check
          DecimalFormat other = (DecimalFormat) obj;
          return ((posPrefixPattern == other.posPrefixPattern &&
                   positivePrefix.equals(other.positivePrefix))
                  || (posPrefixPattern != null &&
                      posPrefixPattern.equals(other.posPrefixPattern)))
              && ((posSuffixPattern == other.posSuffixPattern &&
                   positiveSuffix.equals(other.positiveSuffix))
                  || (posSuffixPattern != null &&
                      posSuffixPattern.equals(other.posSuffixPattern)))
              && ((negPrefixPattern == other.negPrefixPattern &&
                   negativePrefix.equals(other.negativePrefix))
                  || (negPrefixPattern != null &&
                      negPrefixPattern.equals(other.negPrefixPattern)))
              && ((negSuffixPattern == other.negSuffixPattern &&
                   negativeSuffix.equals(other.negativeSuffix))
                  || (negSuffixPattern != null &&
                      negSuffixPattern.equals(other.negSuffixPattern)))
              && multiplier == other.multiplier
              && groupingSize == other.groupingSize
              && decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown == other.decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown
              && parseBigDecimal == other.parseBigDecimal
              && useExponentialNotation == other.useExponentialNotation
              && (!useExponentialNotation ||
                  minExponentDigits == other.minExponentDigits)
              && maximumIntegerDigits == other.maximumIntegerDigits
              && minimumIntegerDigits == other.minimumIntegerDigits
              && maximumFractionDigits == other.maximumFractionDigits
              && minimumFractionDigits == other.minimumFractionDigits
              && roundingMode == other.roundingMode
              && symbols.equals(other.symbols);
          */
          if (obj == null) {
              return false;
          }
          if (this == obj) {
              return true;
          }
          if (!(obj instanceof DecimalFormat)) {
              return false;
          }
          DecimalFormat other = (DecimalFormat) obj;
          return icuDecimalFormat.equals(other.icuDecimalFormat)
              && compareIcuRoundingIncrement(other.icuDecimalFormat);
      }
  
      private boolean compareIcuRoundingIncrement(android.icu.text.DecimalFormat other) {
          BigDecimal increment = this.icuDecimalFormat.getRoundingIncrement();
          if (increment != null) {
              return (other.getRoundingIncrement() != null)
                  && increment.equals(other.getRoundingIncrement());
          }
          return other.getRoundingIncrement() == null;
      }
      // END Android-changed: re-implement equals() using ICU fields.
  
      /**
       * Overrides hashCode
       */
      @Override
      public int hashCode() {
          // Android-changed: use getPositivePrefix() instead of positivePrefix field.
          // return super.hashCode() * 37 + positivePrefix.hashCode();
          return super.hashCode() * 37 + getPositivePrefix().hashCode();
          // just enough fields for a reasonable distribution
      }
  
      /**
       * Synthesizes a pattern string that represents the current state
       * of this Format object.
       *
       * @return a pattern string
       * @see #applyPattern
       */
      public String toPattern() {
          // Android-changed: use ICU.
          // return toPattern( false );
          return icuDecimalFormat.toPattern();
      }
  
      /**
       * Synthesizes a localized pattern string that represents the current
       * state of this Format object.
       *
       * @return a localized pattern string
       * @see #applyPattern
       */
      public String toLocalizedPattern() {
          // Android-changed: use ICU.
          // return toPattern( true );
          return icuDecimalFormat.toLocalizedPattern();
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Unused private helpers.
      /*
      /**
       * Expand the affix pattern strings into the expanded affix strings.  If any
       * affix pattern string is null, do not expand it.  This method should be
       * called any time the symbols or the affix patterns change in order to keep
       * the expanded affix strings up to date.
       *
      private void expandAffixes() {
          // Reuse one StringBuffer for better performance
          StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
          if (posPrefixPattern != null) {
              positivePrefix = expandAffix(posPrefixPattern, buffer);
              positivePrefixFieldPositions = null;
          }
          if (posSuffixPattern != null) {
              positiveSuffix = expandAffix(posSuffixPattern, buffer);
              positiveSuffixFieldPositions = null;
          }
          if (negPrefixPattern != null) {
              negativePrefix = expandAffix(negPrefixPattern, buffer);
              negativePrefixFieldPositions = null;
          }
          if (negSuffixPattern != null) {
              negativeSuffix = expandAffix(negSuffixPattern, buffer);
              negativeSuffixFieldPositions = null;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Expand an affix pattern into an affix string.  All characters in the
       * pattern are literal unless prefixed by QUOTE.  The following characters
       * after QUOTE are recognized: PATTERN_PERCENT, PATTERN_PER_MILLE,
       * PATTERN_MINUS, and CURRENCY_SIGN.  If CURRENCY_SIGN is doubled (QUOTE +
       * CURRENCY_SIGN + CURRENCY_SIGN), it is interpreted as an ISO 4217
       * currency code.  Any other character after a QUOTE represents itself.
       * QUOTE must be followed by another character; QUOTE may not occur by
       * itself at the end of the pattern.
       *
       * @param pattern the non-null, possibly empty pattern
       * @param buffer a scratch StringBuffer; its contents will be lost
       * @return the expanded equivalent of pattern
       *
      private String expandAffix(String pattern, StringBuffer buffer) {
          buffer.setLength(0);
          for (int i=0; i<pattern.length(); ) {
              char c = pattern.charAt(i++);
              if (c == QUOTE) {
                  c = pattern.charAt(i++);
                  switch (c) {
                  case CURRENCY_SIGN:
                      if (i<pattern.length() &&
                          pattern.charAt(i) == CURRENCY_SIGN) {
                          ++i;
                          buffer.append(symbols.getInternationalCurrencySymbol());
                      } else {
                          buffer.append(symbols.getCurrencySymbol());
                      }
                      continue;
                  case PATTERN_PERCENT:
                      c = symbols.getPercent();
                      break;
                  case PATTERN_PER_MILLE:
                      c = symbols.getPerMill();
                      break;
                  case PATTERN_MINUS:
                      c = symbols.getMinusSign();
                      break;
                  }
              }
              buffer.append(c);
          }
          return buffer.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Expand an affix pattern into an array of FieldPositions describing
       * how the pattern would be expanded.
       * All characters in the
       * pattern are literal unless prefixed by QUOTE.  The following characters
       * after QUOTE are recognized: PATTERN_PERCENT, PATTERN_PER_MILLE,
       * PATTERN_MINUS, and CURRENCY_SIGN.  If CURRENCY_SIGN is doubled (QUOTE +
       * CURRENCY_SIGN + CURRENCY_SIGN), it is interpreted as an ISO 4217
       * currency code.  Any other character after a QUOTE represents itself.
       * QUOTE must be followed by another character; QUOTE may not occur by
       * itself at the end of the pattern.
       *
       * @param pattern the non-null, possibly empty pattern
       * @return FieldPosition array of the resulting fields.
       *
      private FieldPosition[] expandAffix(String pattern) {
          ArrayList<FieldPosition> positions = null;
          int stringIndex = 0;
          for (int i=0; i<pattern.length(); ) {
              char c = pattern.charAt(i++);
              if (c == QUOTE) {
                  int field = -1;
                  Format.Field fieldID = null;
                  c = pattern.charAt(i++);
                  switch (c) {
                  case CURRENCY_SIGN:
                      String string;
                      if (i<pattern.length() &&
                          pattern.charAt(i) == CURRENCY_SIGN) {
                          ++i;
                          string = symbols.getInternationalCurrencySymbol();
                      } else {
                          string = symbols.getCurrencySymbol();
                      }
                      if (string.length() > 0) {
                          if (positions == null) {
                              positions = new ArrayList<>(2);
                          }
                          FieldPosition fp = new FieldPosition(Field.CURRENCY);
                          fp.setBeginIndex(stringIndex);
                          fp.setEndIndex(stringIndex + string.length());
                          positions.add(fp);
                          stringIndex += string.length();
                      }
                      continue;
                  case PATTERN_PERCENT:
                      c = symbols.getPercent();
                      field = -1;
                      fieldID = Field.PERCENT;
                      break;
                  case PATTERN_PER_MILLE:
                      c = symbols.getPerMill();
                      field = -1;
                      fieldID = Field.PERMILLE;
                      break;
                  case PATTERN_MINUS:
                      c = symbols.getMinusSign();
                      field = -1;
                      fieldID = Field.SIGN;
                      break;
                  }
                  if (fieldID != null) {
                      if (positions == null) {
                          positions = new ArrayList<>(2);
                      }
                      FieldPosition fp = new FieldPosition(fieldID, field);
                      fp.setBeginIndex(stringIndex);
                      fp.setEndIndex(stringIndex + 1);
                      positions.add(fp);
                  }
              }
              stringIndex++;
          }
          if (positions != null) {
              return positions.toArray(EmptyFieldPositionArray);
          }
          return EmptyFieldPositionArray;
      }
  
      /**
       * Appends an affix pattern to the given StringBuffer, quoting special
       * characters as needed.  Uses the internal affix pattern, if that exists,
       * or the literal affix, if the internal affix pattern is null.  The
       * appended string will generate the same affix pattern (or literal affix)
       * when passed to toPattern().
       *
       * @param buffer the affix string is appended to this
       * @param affixPattern a pattern such as posPrefixPattern; may be null
       * @param expAffix a corresponding expanded affix, such as positivePrefix.
       * Ignored unless affixPattern is null.  If affixPattern is null, then
       * expAffix is appended as a literal affix.
       * @param localized true if the appended pattern should contain localized
       * pattern characters; otherwise, non-localized pattern chars are appended
       *
      private void appendAffix(StringBuffer buffer, String affixPattern,
                               String expAffix, boolean localized) {
          if (affixPattern == null) {
              appendAffix(buffer, expAffix, localized);
          } else {
              int i;
              for (int pos=0; pos<affixPattern.length(); pos=i) {
                  i = affixPattern.indexOf(QUOTE, pos);
                  if (i < 0) {
                      appendAffix(buffer, affixPattern.substring(pos), localized);
                      break;
                  }
                  if (i > pos) {
                      appendAffix(buffer, affixPattern.substring(pos, i), localized);
                  }
                  char c = affixPattern.charAt(++i);
                  ++i;
                  if (c == QUOTE) {
                      buffer.append(c);
                      // Fall through and append another QUOTE below
                  } else if (c == CURRENCY_SIGN &&
                             i<affixPattern.length() &&
                             affixPattern.charAt(i) == CURRENCY_SIGN) {
                      ++i;
                      buffer.append(c);
                      // Fall through and append another CURRENCY_SIGN below
                  } else if (localized) {
                      switch (c) {
                      case PATTERN_PERCENT:
                          c = symbols.getPercent();
                          break;
                      case PATTERN_PER_MILLE:
                          c = symbols.getPerMill();
                          break;
                      case PATTERN_MINUS:
                          c = symbols.getMinusSign();
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  buffer.append(c);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Append an affix to the given StringBuffer, using quotes if
       * there are special characters.  Single quotes themselves must be
       * escaped in either case.
       *
      private void appendAffix(StringBuffer buffer, String affix, boolean localized) {
          boolean needQuote;
          if (localized) {
              needQuote = affix.indexOf(symbols.getZeroDigit()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getGroupingSeparator()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getDecimalSeparator()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getPercent()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getPerMill()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getDigit()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getPatternSeparator()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(symbols.getMinusSign()) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(CURRENCY_SIGN) >= 0;
          } else {
              needQuote = affix.indexOf(PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_GROUPING_SEPARATOR) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_PERCENT) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_PER_MILLE) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_DIGIT) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_SEPARATOR) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(PATTERN_MINUS) >= 0
                  || affix.indexOf(CURRENCY_SIGN) >= 0;
          }
          if (needQuote) buffer.append('\'');
          if (affix.indexOf('\'') < 0) buffer.append(affix);
          else {
              for (int j=0; j<affix.length(); ++j) {
                  char c = affix.charAt(j);
                  buffer.append(c);
                  if (c == '\'') buffer.append(c);
              }
          }
          if (needQuote) buffer.append('\'');
      }
  
      /**
       * Does the real work of generating a pattern.  *
      private String toPattern(boolean localized) {
          StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
          for (int j = 1; j >= 0; --j) {
              if (j == 1)
                  appendAffix(result, posPrefixPattern, positivePrefix, localized);
              else appendAffix(result, negPrefixPattern, negativePrefix, localized);
              int i;
              int digitCount = useExponentialNotation
                          ? getMaximumIntegerDigits()
                          : Math.max(groupingSize, getMinimumIntegerDigits())+1;
              for (i = digitCount; i > 0; --i) {
                  if (i != digitCount && isGroupingUsed() && groupingSize != 0 &&
                      i % groupingSize == 0) {
                      result.append(localized ? symbols.getGroupingSeparator() :
                                    PATTERN_GROUPING_SEPARATOR);
                  }
                  result.append(i <= getMinimumIntegerDigits()
                      ? (localized ? symbols.getZeroDigit() : PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT)
                      : (localized ? symbols.getDigit() : PATTERN_DIGIT));
              }
              if (getMaximumFractionDigits() > 0 || decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown)
                  result.append(localized ? symbols.getDecimalSeparator() :
                                PATTERN_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR);
              for (i = 0; i < getMaximumFractionDigits(); ++i) {
                  if (i < getMinimumFractionDigits()) {
                      result.append(localized ? symbols.getZeroDigit() :
                                    PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT);
                  } else {
                      result.append(localized ? symbols.getDigit() :
                                    PATTERN_DIGIT);
                  }
              }
          if (useExponentialNotation)
          {
              result.append(localized ? symbols.getExponentSeparator() :
                    PATTERN_EXPONENT);
          for (i=0; i<minExponentDigits; ++i)
                      result.append(localized ? symbols.getZeroDigit() :
                                    PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT);
          }
              if (j == 1) {
                  appendAffix(result, posSuffixPattern, positiveSuffix, localized);
                  if ((negSuffixPattern == posSuffixPattern && // n == p == null
                       negativeSuffix.equals(positiveSuffix))
                      || (negSuffixPattern != null &&
                          negSuffixPattern.equals(posSuffixPattern))) {
                      if ((negPrefixPattern != null && posPrefixPattern != null &&
                           negPrefixPattern.equals("'-" + posPrefixPattern)) ||
                          (negPrefixPattern == posPrefixPattern && // n == p == null
                           negativePrefix.equals(symbols.getMinusSign() + positivePrefix)))
                          break;
                  }
                  result.append(localized ? symbols.getPatternSeparator() :
                                PATTERN_SEPARATOR);
              } else appendAffix(result, negSuffixPattern, negativeSuffix, localized);
          }
          return result.toString();
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: Unused private helpers.
  
      /**
       * Apply the given pattern to this Format object.  A pattern is a
       * short-hand specification for the various formatting properties.
       * These properties can also be changed individually through the
       * various setter methods.
       * <p>
       * There is no limit to integer digits set
       * by this routine, since that is the typical end-user desire;
       * use setMaximumInteger if you want to set a real value.
       * For negative numbers, use a second pattern, separated by a semicolon
       * <P>Example <code>"#,#00.0#"</code> &rarr; 1,234.56
       * <P>This means a minimum of 2 integer digits, 1 fraction digit, and
       * a maximum of 2 fraction digits.
       * <p>Example: <code>"#,#00.0#;(#,#00.0#)"</code> for negatives in
       * parentheses.
       * <p>In negative patterns, the minimum and maximum counts are ignored;
       * these are presumed to be set in the positive pattern.
       *
       * @param pattern a new pattern
       * @exception NullPointerException if <code>pattern</code> is null
       * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid.
       */
      public void applyPattern(String pattern) {
          // Android-changed: use ICU.
          // applyPattern(pattern, false);
          icuDecimalFormat.applyPattern(pattern);
          updateFieldsFromIcu();
      }
  
      /**
       * Apply the given pattern to this Format object.  The pattern
       * is assumed to be in a localized notation. A pattern is a
       * short-hand specification for the various formatting properties.
       * These properties can also be changed individually through the
       * various setter methods.
       * <p>
       * There is no limit to integer digits set
       * by this routine, since that is the typical end-user desire;
       * use setMaximumInteger if you want to set a real value.
       * For negative numbers, use a second pattern, separated by a semicolon
       * <P>Example <code>"#,#00.0#"</code> &rarr; 1,234.56
       * <P>This means a minimum of 2 integer digits, 1 fraction digit, and
       * a maximum of 2 fraction digits.
       * <p>Example: <code>"#,#00.0#;(#,#00.0#)"</code> for negatives in
       * parentheses.
       * <p>In negative patterns, the minimum and maximum counts are ignored;
       * these are presumed to be set in the positive pattern.
       *
       * @param pattern a new pattern
       * @exception NullPointerException if <code>pattern</code> is null
       * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid.
       */
      public void applyLocalizedPattern(String pattern) {
          // Android-changed: use ICU.
          // applyPattern(pattern, true);
          icuDecimalFormat.applyLocalizedPattern(pattern);
          updateFieldsFromIcu();
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: applyPattern(String, boolean) as apply[Localized]Pattern calls ICU directly.
      /*
      /**
       * Does the real work of applying a pattern.
       *
      private void applyPattern(String pattern, boolean localized) {
          char zeroDigit         = PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT;
          char groupingSeparator = PATTERN_GROUPING_SEPARATOR;
          char decimalSeparator  = PATTERN_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR;
          char percent           = PATTERN_PERCENT;
          char perMill           = PATTERN_PER_MILLE;
          char digit             = PATTERN_DIGIT;
          char separator         = PATTERN_SEPARATOR;
          String exponent          = PATTERN_EXPONENT;
          char minus             = PATTERN_MINUS;
          if (localized) {
              zeroDigit         = symbols.getZeroDigit();
              groupingSeparator = symbols.getGroupingSeparator();
              decimalSeparator  = symbols.getDecimalSeparator();
              percent           = symbols.getPercent();
              perMill           = symbols.getPerMill();
              digit             = symbols.getDigit();
              separator         = symbols.getPatternSeparator();
              exponent          = symbols.getExponentSeparator();
              minus             = symbols.getMinusSign();
          }
          boolean gotNegative = false;
          decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown = false;
          isCurrencyFormat = false;
          useExponentialNotation = false;
  
          // Two variables are used to record the subrange of the pattern
          // occupied by phase 1.  This is used during the processing of the
          // second pattern (the one representing negative numbers) to ensure
          // that no deviation exists in phase 1 between the two patterns.
          int phaseOneStart = 0;
          int phaseOneLength = 0;
  
          int start = 0;
          for (int j = 1; j >= 0 && start < pattern.length(); --j) {
              boolean inQuote = false;
              StringBuffer prefix = new StringBuffer();
              StringBuffer suffix = new StringBuffer();
              int decimalPos = -1;
              int multiplier = 1;
              int digitLeftCount = 0, zeroDigitCount = 0, digitRightCount = 0;
              byte groupingCount = -1;
  
              // The phase ranges from 0 to 2.  Phase 0 is the prefix.  Phase 1 is
              // the section of the pattern with digits, decimal separator,
              // grouping characters.  Phase 2 is the suffix.  In phases 0 and 2,
              // percent, per mille, and currency symbols are recognized and
              // translated.  The separation of the characters into phases is
              // strictly enforced; if phase 1 characters are to appear in the
              // suffix, for example, they must be quoted.
              int phase = 0;
  
              // The affix is either the prefix or the suffix.
              StringBuffer affix = prefix;
  
              for (int pos = start; pos < pattern.length(); ++pos) {
                  char ch = pattern.charAt(pos);
                  switch (phase) {
                  case 0:
                  case 2:
                      // Process the prefix / suffix characters
                      if (inQuote) {
                          // A quote within quotes indicates either the closing
                          // quote or two quotes, which is a quote literal. That
                          // is, we have the second quote in 'do' or 'don''t'.
                          if (ch == QUOTE) {
                              if ((pos+1) < pattern.length() &&
                                  pattern.charAt(pos+1) == QUOTE) {
                                  ++pos;
                                  affix.append("''"); // 'don''t'
                              } else {
                                  inQuote = false; // 'do'
                              }
                              continue;
                          }
                      } else {
                          // Process unquoted characters seen in prefix or suffix
                          // phase.
                          if (ch == digit ||
                              ch == zeroDigit ||
                              ch == groupingSeparator ||
                              ch == decimalSeparator) {
                              phase = 1;
                              if (j == 1) {
                                  phaseOneStart = pos;
                              }
                              --pos; // Reprocess this character
                              continue;
                          } else if (ch == CURRENCY_SIGN) {
                              // Use lookahead to determine if the currency sign
                              // is doubled or not.
                              boolean doubled = (pos + 1) < pattern.length() &&
                                  pattern.charAt(pos + 1) == CURRENCY_SIGN;
                              if (doubled) { // Skip over the doubled character
                               ++pos;
                              }
                              isCurrencyFormat = true;
                              affix.append(doubled ? "'\u00A4\u00A4" : "'\u00A4");
                              continue;
                          } else if (ch == QUOTE) {
                              // A quote outside quotes indicates either the
                              // opening quote or two quotes, which is a quote
                              // literal. That is, we have the first quote in 'do'
                              // or o''clock.
                              if (ch == QUOTE) {
                                  if ((pos+1) < pattern.length() &&
                                      pattern.charAt(pos+1) == QUOTE) {
                                      ++pos;
                                      affix.append("''"); // o''clock
                                  } else {
                                      inQuote = true; // 'do'
                                  }
                                  continue;
                              }
                          } else if (ch == separator) {
                              // Don't allow separators before we see digit
                              // characters of phase 1, and don't allow separators
                              // in the second pattern (j == 0).
                              if (phase == 0 || j == 0) {
                                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unquoted special character '" +
                                      ch + "' in pattern \"" + pattern + '"');
                              }
                              start = pos + 1;
                              pos = pattern.length();
                              continue;
                          }
  
                          // Next handle characters which are appended directly.
                          else if (ch == percent) {
                              if (multiplier != 1) {
                                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many percent/per mille characters in pattern \"" +
                                      pattern + '"');
                              }
                              multiplier = 100;
                              affix.append("'%");
                              continue;
                          } else if (ch == perMill) {
                              if (multiplier != 1) {
                                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many percent/per mille characters in pattern \"" +
                                      pattern + '"');
                              }
                              multiplier = 1000;
                              affix.append("'\u2030");
                              continue;
                          } else if (ch == minus) {
                              affix.append("'-");
                              continue;
                          }
                      }
                      // Note that if we are within quotes, or if this is an
                      // unquoted, non-special character, then we usually fall
                      // through to here.
                      affix.append(ch);
                      break;
  
                  case 1:
                      // Phase one must be identical in the two sub-patterns. We
                      // enforce this by doing a direct comparison. While
                      // processing the first sub-pattern, we just record its
                      // length. While processing the second, we compare
                      // characters.
                      if (j == 1) {
                          ++phaseOneLength;
                      } else {
                          if (--phaseOneLength == 0) {
                              phase = 2;
                              affix = suffix;
                          }
                          continue;
                      }
  
                      // Process the digits, decimal, and grouping characters. We
                      // record five pieces of information. We expect the digits
                      // to occur in the pattern ####0000.####, and we record the
                      // number of left digits, zero (central) digits, and right
                      // digits. The position of the last grouping character is
                      // recorded (should be somewhere within the first two blocks
                      // of characters), as is the position of the decimal point,
                      // if any (should be in the zero digits). If there is no
                      // decimal point, then there should be no right digits.
                      if (ch == digit) {
                          if (zeroDigitCount > 0) {
                              ++digitRightCount;
                          } else {
                              ++digitLeftCount;
                          }
                          if (groupingCount >= 0 && decimalPos < 0) {
                              ++groupingCount;
                          }
                      } else if (ch == zeroDigit) {
                          if (digitRightCount > 0) {
                              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected '0' in pattern \"" +
                                  pattern + '"');
                          }
                          ++zeroDigitCount;
                          if (groupingCount >= 0 && decimalPos < 0) {
                              ++groupingCount;
                          }
                      } else if (ch == groupingSeparator) {
                          groupingCount = 0;
                      } else if (ch == decimalSeparator) {
                          if (decimalPos >= 0) {
                              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Multiple decimal separators in pattern \"" +
                                  pattern + '"');
                          }
                          decimalPos = digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount + digitRightCount;
                      } else if (pattern.regionMatches(pos, exponent, 0, exponent.length())){
                          if (useExponentialNotation) {
                              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Multiple exponential " +
                                  "symbols in pattern \"" + pattern + '"');
                          }
                          useExponentialNotation = true;
                          minExponentDigits = 0;
  
                          // Use lookahead to parse out the exponential part
                          // of the pattern, then jump into phase 2.
                          pos = pos+exponent.length();
                           while (pos < pattern.length() &&
                                 pattern.charAt(pos) == zeroDigit) {
                              ++minExponentDigits;
                              ++phaseOneLength;
                              ++pos;
                          }
  
                          if ((digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount) < 1 ||
                              minExponentDigits < 1) {
                              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed exponential " +
                                  "pattern \"" + pattern + '"');
                          }
  
                          // Transition to phase 2
                          phase = 2;
                          affix = suffix;
                          --pos;
                          continue;
                      } else {
                          phase = 2;
                          affix = suffix;
                          --pos;
                          --phaseOneLength;
                          continue;
                      }
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              // Handle patterns with no '0' pattern character. These patterns
              // are legal, but must be interpreted.  "##.###" -> "#0.###".
              // ".###" -> ".0##".
              /* We allow patterns of the form "####" to produce a zeroDigitCount
               * of zero (got that?); although this seems like it might make it
               * possible for format() to produce empty strings, format() checks
               * for this condition and outputs a zero digit in this situation.
               * Having a zeroDigitCount of zero yields a minimum integer digits
               * of zero, which allows proper round-trip patterns.  That is, we
               * don't want "#" to become "#0" when toPattern() is called (even
               * though that's what it really is, semantically).
               *
              if (zeroDigitCount == 0 && digitLeftCount > 0 && decimalPos >= 0) {
                  // Handle "###.###" and "###." and ".###"
                  int n = decimalPos;
                  if (n == 0) { // Handle ".###"
                      ++n;
                  }
                  digitRightCount = digitLeftCount - n;
                  digitLeftCount = n - 1;
                  zeroDigitCount = 1;
              }
  
              // Do syntax checking on the digits.
              if ((decimalPos < 0 && digitRightCount > 0) ||
                  (decimalPos >= 0 && (decimalPos < digitLeftCount ||
                   decimalPos > (digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount))) ||
                   groupingCount == 0 || inQuote) {
                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed pattern \"" +
                      pattern + '"');
              }
  
              if (j == 1) {
                  posPrefixPattern = prefix.toString();
                  posSuffixPattern = suffix.toString();
                  negPrefixPattern = posPrefixPattern;   // assume these for now
                  negSuffixPattern = posSuffixPattern;
                  int digitTotalCount = digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount + digitRightCount;
                  /* The effectiveDecimalPos is the position the decimal is at or
                   * would be at if there is no decimal. Note that if decimalPos<0,
                   * then digitTotalCount == digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount.
                   *
                  int effectiveDecimalPos = decimalPos >= 0 ?
                      decimalPos : digitTotalCount;
                  setMinimumIntegerDigits(effectiveDecimalPos - digitLeftCount);
                  setMaximumIntegerDigits(useExponentialNotation ?
                      digitLeftCount + getMinimumIntegerDigits() :
                      MAXIMUM_INTEGER_DIGITS);
                  setMaximumFractionDigits(decimalPos >= 0 ?
                      (digitTotalCount - decimalPos) : 0);
                  setMinimumFractionDigits(decimalPos >= 0 ?
                      (digitLeftCount + zeroDigitCount - decimalPos) : 0);
                  setGroupingUsed(groupingCount > 0);
                  this.groupingSize = (groupingCount > 0) ? groupingCount : 0;
                  this.multiplier = multiplier;
                  setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(decimalPos == 0 ||
                      decimalPos == digitTotalCount);
              } else {
                  negPrefixPattern = prefix.toString();
                  negSuffixPattern = suffix.toString();
                  gotNegative = true;
              }
          }
  
          if (pattern.length() == 0) {
              posPrefixPattern = posSuffixPattern = "";
              setMinimumIntegerDigits(0);
              setMaximumIntegerDigits(MAXIMUM_INTEGER_DIGITS);
              setMinimumFractionDigits(0);
              setMaximumFractionDigits(MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS);
          }
  
          // If there was no negative pattern, or if the negative pattern is
          // identical to the positive pattern, then prepend the minus sign to
          // the positive pattern to form the negative pattern.
          if (!gotNegative ||
              (negPrefixPattern.equals(posPrefixPattern)
               && negSuffixPattern.equals(posSuffixPattern))) {
              negSuffixPattern = posSuffixPattern;
              negPrefixPattern = "'-" + posPrefixPattern;
          }
  
          expandAffixes();
      }
      */
      // END Android-removed: applyPattern(String, boolean) as apply[Localized]Pattern calls ICU directly.
  
      /**
       * Sets the maximum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of <code>newValue</code> and
       * 309 is used. Negative input values are replaced with 0.
       * @see NumberFormat#setMaximumIntegerDigits
       */
      @Override
      public void setMaximumIntegerDigits(int newValue) {
          maximumIntegerDigits = Math.min(Math.max(0, newValue), MAXIMUM_INTEGER_DIGITS);
          super.setMaximumIntegerDigits((maximumIntegerDigits > DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS) ?
              DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS : maximumIntegerDigits);
          if (minimumIntegerDigits > maximumIntegerDigits) {
              minimumIntegerDigits = maximumIntegerDigits;
              super.setMinimumIntegerDigits((minimumIntegerDigits > DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS) ?
                  DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS : minimumIntegerDigits);
          }
          // Android-added: use ICU.
          icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumIntegerDigits(getMaximumIntegerDigits());
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the minimum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of <code>newValue</code> and
       * 309 is used. Negative input values are replaced with 0.
       * @see NumberFormat#setMinimumIntegerDigits
       */
      @Override
      public void setMinimumIntegerDigits(int newValue) {
          minimumIntegerDigits = Math.min(Math.max(0, newValue), MAXIMUM_INTEGER_DIGITS);
          super.setMinimumIntegerDigits((minimumIntegerDigits > DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS) ?
              DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS : minimumIntegerDigits);
          if (minimumIntegerDigits > maximumIntegerDigits) {
              maximumIntegerDigits = minimumIntegerDigits;
              super.setMaximumIntegerDigits((maximumIntegerDigits > DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS) ?
                  DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS : maximumIntegerDigits);
          }
          // Android-added: use ICU.
          icuDecimalFormat.setMinimumIntegerDigits(getMinimumIntegerDigits());
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the maximum number of digits allowed in the fraction portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of <code>newValue</code> and
       * 340 is used. Negative input values are replaced with 0.
       * @see NumberFormat#setMaximumFractionDigits
       */
      @Override
      public void setMaximumFractionDigits(int newValue) {
          maximumFractionDigits = Math.min(Math.max(0, newValue), MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS);
          super.setMaximumFractionDigits((maximumFractionDigits > DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS) ?
              DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS : maximumFractionDigits);
          if (minimumFractionDigits > maximumFractionDigits) {
              minimumFractionDigits = maximumFractionDigits;
              super.setMinimumFractionDigits((minimumFractionDigits > DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS) ?
                  DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS : minimumFractionDigits);
          }
          // Android-added: use ICU.
          icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(getMaximumFractionDigits());
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the minimum number of digits allowed in the fraction portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of <code>newValue</code> and
       * 340 is used. Negative input values are replaced with 0.
       * @see NumberFormat#setMinimumFractionDigits
       */
      @Override
      public void setMinimumFractionDigits(int newValue) {
          minimumFractionDigits = Math.min(Math.max(0, newValue), MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS);
          super.setMinimumFractionDigits((minimumFractionDigits > DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS) ?
              DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS : minimumFractionDigits);
          if (minimumFractionDigits > maximumFractionDigits) {
              maximumFractionDigits = minimumFractionDigits;
              super.setMaximumFractionDigits((maximumFractionDigits > DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS) ?
                  DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS : maximumFractionDigits);
          }
          // Android-added: use ICU.
          icuDecimalFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(getMinimumFractionDigits());
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the maximum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of the return value and
       * 309 is used.
       * @see #setMaximumIntegerDigits
       */
      @Override
      public int getMaximumIntegerDigits() {
          return maximumIntegerDigits;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the minimum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of the return value and
       * 309 is used.
       * @see #setMinimumIntegerDigits
       */
      @Override
      public int getMinimumIntegerDigits() {
          return minimumIntegerDigits;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the maximum number of digits allowed in the fraction portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of the return value and
       * 340 is used.
       * @see #setMaximumFractionDigits
       */
      @Override
      public int getMaximumFractionDigits() {
          return maximumFractionDigits;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the minimum number of digits allowed in the fraction portion of a
       * number.
       * For formatting numbers other than <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects, the lower of the return value and
       * 340 is used.
       * @see #setMinimumFractionDigits
       */
      @Override
      public int getMinimumFractionDigits() {
          return minimumFractionDigits;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the currency used by this decimal format when formatting
       * currency values.
       * The currency is obtained by calling
       * {@link DecimalFormatSymbols#getCurrency DecimalFormatSymbols.getCurrency}
       * on this number format's symbols.
       *
       * @return the currency used by this decimal format, or <code>null</code>
       * @since 1.4
       */
      @Override
      public Currency getCurrency() {
          return symbols.getCurrency();
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the currency used by this number format when formatting
       * currency values. This does not update the minimum or maximum
       * number of fraction digits used by the number format.
       * The currency is set by calling
       * {@link DecimalFormatSymbols#setCurrency DecimalFormatSymbols.setCurrency}
       * on this number format's symbols.
       *
       * @param currency the new currency to be used by this decimal format
       * @exception NullPointerException if <code>currency</code> is null
       * @since 1.4
       */
      @Override
      public void setCurrency(Currency currency) {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: use ICU.
          // Set the international currency symbol, and currency symbol on the DecimalFormatSymbols
          // object and tell ICU to use that.
          /*
          if (currency != symbols.getCurrency()) {
              symbols.setCurrency(currency);
              if (isCurrencyFormat) {
                  expandAffixes();
              }
          }
          */
          if (currency != symbols.getCurrency()
              || !currency.getSymbol().equals(symbols.getCurrencySymbol())) {
              symbols.setCurrency(currency);
              icuDecimalFormat.setDecimalFormatSymbols(symbols.getIcuDecimalFormatSymbols());
              // Giving the icuDecimalFormat a new currency will cause the fractional digits to be
              // updated. This class is specified to not touch the fraction digits, so we re-set them.
              icuDecimalFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(minimumFractionDigits);
              icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(maximumFractionDigits);
          }
          // END Android-changed: use ICU.
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the {@link RoundingMode} used in this DecimalFormat.
       *
       * @return The <code>RoundingMode</code> used for this DecimalFormat.
       * @see #setRoundingMode(RoundingMode)
       * @since 1.6
       */
      @Override
      public RoundingMode getRoundingMode() {
          return roundingMode;
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: convertRoundingMode() to convert between Java and ICU RoundingMode enums.
      private static int convertRoundingMode(RoundingMode rm) {
          switch (rm) {
          case UP:
              return MathContext.ROUND_UP;
          case DOWN:
              return MathContext.ROUND_DOWN;
          case CEILING:
              return MathContext.ROUND_CEILING;
          case FLOOR:
              return MathContext.ROUND_FLOOR;
          case HALF_UP:
              return MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP;
          case HALF_DOWN:
              return MathContext.ROUND_HALF_DOWN;
          case HALF_EVEN:
              return MathContext.ROUND_HALF_EVEN;
          case UNNECESSARY:
              return MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY;
          }
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rounding mode specified");
      }
      // END Android-added: convertRoundingMode() to convert between Java and ICU RoundingMode enums.
  
      /**
       * Sets the {@link RoundingMode} used in this DecimalFormat.
       *
       * @param roundingMode The <code>RoundingMode</code> to be used
       * @see #getRoundingMode()
       * @exception NullPointerException if <code>roundingMode</code> is null.
       * @since 1.6
       */
      @Override
      public void setRoundingMode(RoundingMode roundingMode) {
          if (roundingMode == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException();
          }
  
          this.roundingMode = roundingMode;
          // Android-changed: use ICU.
          // digitList.setRoundingMode(roundingMode);
          icuDecimalFormat.setRoundingMode(convertRoundingMode(roundingMode));
          // Android-removed: fast path related code.
          // fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
      }
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: Upstream code from OpenJDK 7u40 release.
      // This method was removed in OpenJDK 8 in favor of doing equivalent work in the provider. Since
      // Android removed support for providers for NumberFormat we keep this method around as an
      // "Android addition".
      /**
       * Adjusts the minimum and maximum fraction digits to values that
       * are reasonable for the currency's default fraction digits.
       */
      void adjustForCurrencyDefaultFractionDigits() {
          Currency currency = symbols.getCurrency();
          if (currency == null) {
              try {
                  currency = Currency.getInstance(symbols.getInternationalCurrencySymbol());
              } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
              }
          }
          if (currency != null) {
              int digits = currency.getDefaultFractionDigits();
              if (digits != -1) {
                  int oldMinDigits = getMinimumFractionDigits();
                  // Common patterns are "#.##", "#.00", "#".
                  // Try to adjust all of them in a reasonable way.
                  if (oldMinDigits == getMaximumFractionDigits()) {
                      setMinimumFractionDigits(digits);
                      setMaximumFractionDigits(digits);
                  } else {
                      setMinimumFractionDigits(Math.min(digits, oldMinDigits));
                      setMaximumFractionDigits(digits);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      // END Android-added: Upstream code from OpenJDK 7u40 release.
  
      // BEGIN Android-added: Custom serialization code for compatibility with RI serialization.
      // the fields list to be serialized
      private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
              new ObjectStreamField("positivePrefix", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("positiveSuffix", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("negativePrefix", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("negativeSuffix", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("posPrefixPattern", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("posSuffixPattern", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("negPrefixPattern", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("negSuffixPattern", String.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("multiplier", int.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("groupingSize", byte.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("groupingUsed", boolean.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown", boolean.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("parseBigDecimal", boolean.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("roundingMode", RoundingMode.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("symbols", DecimalFormatSymbols.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("useExponentialNotation", boolean.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("minExponentDigits", byte.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("maximumIntegerDigits", int.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("minimumIntegerDigits", int.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("maximumFractionDigits", int.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("minimumFractionDigits", int.class),
              new ObjectStreamField("serialVersionOnStream", int.class),
      };
  
      private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
          ObjectOutputStream.PutField fields = stream.putFields();
          fields.put("positivePrefix", icuDecimalFormat.getPositivePrefix());
          fields.put("positiveSuffix", icuDecimalFormat.getPositiveSuffix());
          fields.put("negativePrefix", icuDecimalFormat.getNegativePrefix());
          fields.put("negativeSuffix", icuDecimalFormat.getNegativeSuffix());
          fields.put("posPrefixPattern", (String) null);
          fields.put("posSuffixPattern", (String) null);
          fields.put("negPrefixPattern", (String) null);
          fields.put("negSuffixPattern", (String) null);
          fields.put("multiplier", icuDecimalFormat.getMultiplier());
          fields.put("groupingSize", (byte) icuDecimalFormat.getGroupingSize());
          fields.put("groupingUsed", icuDecimalFormat.isGroupingUsed());
          fields.put("decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown", icuDecimalFormat.isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown());
          fields.put("parseBigDecimal", icuDecimalFormat.isParseBigDecimal());
          fields.put("roundingMode", roundingMode);
          fields.put("symbols", symbols);
          fields.put("useExponentialNotation", false);
          fields.put("minExponentDigits", (byte) 0);
          fields.put("maximumIntegerDigits", icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumIntegerDigits());
          fields.put("minimumIntegerDigits", icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumIntegerDigits());
          fields.put("maximumFractionDigits", icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumFractionDigits());
          fields.put("minimumFractionDigits", icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumFractionDigits());
          fields.put("serialVersionOnStream", currentSerialVersion);
          stream.writeFields();
      }
      // END Android-added: Custom serialization code for compatibility with RI serialization.
  
      /**
       * Reads the default serializable fields from the stream and performs
       * validations and adjustments for older serialized versions. The
       * validations and adjustments are:
       * <ol>
       * <li>
       * Verify that the superclass's digit count fields correctly reflect
       * the limits imposed on formatting numbers other than
       * <code>BigInteger</code> and <code>BigDecimal</code> objects. These
       * limits are stored in the superclass for serialization compatibility
       * with older versions, while the limits for <code>BigInteger</code> and
       * <code>BigDecimal</code> objects are kept in this class.
       * If, in the superclass, the minimum or maximum integer digit count is
       * larger than <code>DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS</code> or if the minimum or
       * maximum fraction digit count is larger than
       * <code>DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS</code>, then the stream data is invalid
       * and this method throws an <code>InvalidObjectException</code>.
       * <li>
       * If <code>serialVersionOnStream</code> is less than 4, initialize
       * <code>roundingMode</code> to {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN
       * RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN}.  This field is new with version 4.
       * <li>
       * If <code>serialVersionOnStream</code> is less than 3, then call
       * the setters for the minimum and maximum integer and fraction digits with
       * the values of the corresponding superclass getters to initialize the
       * fields in this class. The fields in this class are new with version 3.
       * <li>
       * If <code>serialVersionOnStream</code> is less than 1, indicating that
       * the stream was written by JDK 1.1, initialize
       * <code>useExponentialNotation</code>
       * to false, since it was not present in JDK 1.1.
       * <li>
       * Set <code>serialVersionOnStream</code> to the maximum allowed value so
       * that default serialization will work properly if this object is streamed
       * out again.
       * </ol>
       *
       * <p>Stream versions older than 2 will not have the affix pattern variables
       * <code>posPrefixPattern</code> etc.  As a result, they will be initialized
       * to <code>null</code>, which means the affix strings will be taken as
       * literal values.  This is exactly what we want, since that corresponds to
       * the pre-version-2 behavior.
       */
      private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream)
           throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
          // BEGIN Android-changed: Custom serialization code for compatibility with RI serialization.
          /*
          stream.defaultReadObject();
          digitList = new DigitList();
  
          // We force complete fast-path reinitialization when the instance is
          // deserialized. See clone() comment on fastPathCheckNeeded.
          fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
          isFastPath = false;
          fastPathData = null;
  
          if (serialVersionOnStream < 4) {
              setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
          } else {
              setRoundingMode(getRoundingMode());
          }
  
          // We only need to check the maximum counts because NumberFormat
          // .readObject has already ensured that the maximum is greater than the
          // minimum count.
          if (super.getMaximumIntegerDigits() > DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS ||
              super.getMaximumFractionDigits() > DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS) {
              throw new InvalidObjectException("Digit count out of range");
          }
          if (serialVersionOnStream < 3) {
              setMaximumIntegerDigits(super.getMaximumIntegerDigits());
              setMinimumIntegerDigits(super.getMinimumIntegerDigits());
              setMaximumFractionDigits(super.getMaximumFractionDigits());
              setMinimumFractionDigits(super.getMinimumFractionDigits());
          }
          if (serialVersionOnStream < 1) {
              // Didn't have exponential fields
              useExponentialNotation = false;
          }
          serialVersionOnStream = currentSerialVersion;
          */
          ObjectInputStream.GetField fields = stream.readFields();
          this.symbols = (DecimalFormatSymbols) fields.get("symbols", null);
  
          initPattern("#");
  
          // Calling a setter method on an ICU DecimalFormat object will change the object's internal
          // state, even if the value set is the same as the default value (ICU Ticket #13266).
          //
          // In an attempt to create objects that are equals() to the ones that were serialized, it's
          // therefore assumed here that any values that are the same as the default values were the
          // default values (ie. no setter was called to explicitly set that value).
  
          String positivePrefix = (String) fields.get("positivePrefix", "");
          if (!Objects.equals(positivePrefix, icuDecimalFormat.getPositivePrefix())) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setPositivePrefix(positivePrefix);
          }
  
          String positiveSuffix = (String) fields.get("positiveSuffix", "");
          if (!Objects.equals(positiveSuffix, icuDecimalFormat.getPositiveSuffix())) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setPositiveSuffix(positiveSuffix);
          }
  
          String negativePrefix = (String) fields.get("negativePrefix", "-");
          if (!Objects.equals(negativePrefix, icuDecimalFormat.getNegativePrefix())) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setNegativePrefix(negativePrefix);
          }
  
          String negativeSuffix = (String) fields.get("negativeSuffix", "");
          if (!Objects.equals(negativeSuffix, icuDecimalFormat.getNegativeSuffix())) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setNegativeSuffix(negativeSuffix);
          }
  
          int multiplier = fields.get("multiplier", 1);
          if (multiplier != icuDecimalFormat.getMultiplier()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMultiplier(multiplier);
          }
  
          boolean groupingUsed = fields.get("groupingUsed", true);
          if (groupingUsed != icuDecimalFormat.isGroupingUsed()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setGroupingUsed(groupingUsed);
          }
  
          int groupingSize = fields.get("groupingSize", (byte) 3);
          if (groupingSize != icuDecimalFormat.getGroupingSize()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setGroupingSize(groupingSize);
          }
  
          boolean decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown = fields.get("decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown", false);
          if (decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown != icuDecimalFormat.isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown);
          }
  
          RoundingMode roundingMode =
                  (RoundingMode) fields.get("roundingMode", RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
          if (convertRoundingMode(roundingMode) != icuDecimalFormat.getRoundingMode()) {
              setRoundingMode(roundingMode);
          }
  
          int maximumIntegerDigits = fields.get("maximumIntegerDigits", 309);
          if (maximumIntegerDigits != icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumIntegerDigits()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumIntegerDigits(maximumIntegerDigits);
          }
  
          int minimumIntegerDigits = fields.get("minimumIntegerDigits", 309);
          if (minimumIntegerDigits != icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumIntegerDigits()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMinimumIntegerDigits(minimumIntegerDigits);
          }
  
          int maximumFractionDigits = fields.get("maximumFractionDigits", 340);
          if (maximumFractionDigits != icuDecimalFormat.getMaximumFractionDigits()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(maximumFractionDigits);
          }
  
          int minimumFractionDigits = fields.get("minimumFractionDigits", 340);
          if (minimumFractionDigits != icuDecimalFormat.getMinimumFractionDigits()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(minimumFractionDigits);
          }
  
          boolean parseBigDecimal = fields.get("parseBigDecimal", true);
          if (parseBigDecimal != icuDecimalFormat.isParseBigDecimal()) {
              icuDecimalFormat.setParseBigDecimal(parseBigDecimal);
          }
  
          updateFieldsFromIcu();
  
          if (fields.get("serialVersionOnStream", 0) < 3) {
              setMaximumIntegerDigits(super.getMaximumIntegerDigits());
              setMinimumIntegerDigits(super.getMinimumIntegerDigits());
              setMaximumFractionDigits(super.getMaximumFractionDigits());
              setMinimumFractionDigits(super.getMinimumFractionDigits());
          }
          // END Android-changed: Custom serialization code for compatibility with RI serialization.
      }
  
      //----------------------------------------------------------------------
      // INSTANCE VARIABLES
      //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: various fields now stored in icuDecimalFormat.
      /*
      private transient DigitList digitList = new DigitList();
  
      /**
       * The symbol used as a prefix when formatting positive numbers, e.g. "+".
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getPositivePrefix
       *
      private String  positivePrefix = "";
  
      /**
       * The symbol used as a suffix when formatting positive numbers.
       * This is often an empty string.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getPositiveSuffix
       *
      private String  positiveSuffix = "";
  
      /**
       * The symbol used as a prefix when formatting negative numbers, e.g. "-".
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getNegativePrefix
       *
      private String  negativePrefix = "-";
  
      /**
       * The symbol used as a suffix when formatting negative numbers.
       * This is often an empty string.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getNegativeSuffix
       *
      private String  negativeSuffix = "";
  
      /**
       * The prefix pattern for non-negative numbers.  This variable corresponds
       * to <code>positivePrefix</code>.
       *
       * <p>This pattern is expanded by the method <code>expandAffix()</code> to
       * <code>positivePrefix</code> to update the latter to reflect changes in
       * <code>symbols</code>.  If this variable is <code>null</code> then
       * <code>positivePrefix</code> is taken as a literal value that does not
       * change when <code>symbols</code> changes.  This variable is always
       * <code>null</code> for <code>DecimalFormat</code> objects older than
       * stream version 2 restored from stream.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.3
       *
      private String posPrefixPattern;
  
      /**
       * The suffix pattern for non-negative numbers.  This variable corresponds
       * to <code>positiveSuffix</code>.  This variable is analogous to
       * <code>posPrefixPattern</code>; see that variable for further
       * documentation.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.3
       *
      private String posSuffixPattern;
  
      /**
       * The prefix pattern for negative numbers.  This variable corresponds
       * to <code>negativePrefix</code>.  This variable is analogous to
       * <code>posPrefixPattern</code>; see that variable for further
       * documentation.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.3
       *
      private String negPrefixPattern;
  
      /**
       * The suffix pattern for negative numbers.  This variable corresponds
       * to <code>negativeSuffix</code>.  This variable is analogous to
       * <code>posPrefixPattern</code>; see that variable for further
       * documentation.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.3
       *
      private String negSuffixPattern;
  
      /**
       * The multiplier for use in percent, per mille, etc.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getMultiplier
       *
      private int     multiplier = 1;
  
      /**
       * The number of digits between grouping separators in the integer
       * portion of a number.  Must be greater than 0 if
       * <code>NumberFormat.groupingUsed</code> is true.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getGroupingSize
       * @see java.text.NumberFormat#isGroupingUsed
       *
      private byte    groupingSize = 3;  // invariant, > 0 if useThousands
  
      /**
       * If true, forces the decimal separator to always appear in a formatted
       * number, even if the fractional part of the number is zero.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown
       *
      private boolean decimalSeparatorAlwaysShown = false;
  
      /**
       * If true, parse returns BigDecimal wherever possible.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #isParseBigDecimal
       * @since 1.5
       *
      private boolean parseBigDecimal = false;
  
  
      /**
       * True if this object represents a currency format.  This determines
       * whether the monetary decimal separator is used instead of the normal one.
       *
      private transient boolean isCurrencyFormat = false;
      */
      // END Android-removed: various fields now stored in icuDecimalFormat.
  
      /**
       * The <code>DecimalFormatSymbols</code> object used by this format.
       * It contains the symbols used to format numbers, e.g. the grouping separator,
       * decimal separator, and so on.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #setDecimalFormatSymbols
       * @see DecimalFormatSymbols
       */
      private DecimalFormatSymbols symbols = null; // LIU new DecimalFormatSymbols();
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: useExponentialNotation, *FieldPositions, minExponentDigits.
      /*
      /**
       * True to force the use of exponential (i.e. scientific) notation when formatting
       * numbers.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.2
       *
      private boolean useExponentialNotation;  // Newly persistent in the Java 2 platform v.1.2
  
      /**
       * FieldPositions describing the positive prefix String. This is
       * lazily created. Use <code>getPositivePrefixFieldPositions</code>
       * when needed.
       *
      private transient FieldPosition[] positivePrefixFieldPositions;
  
      /**
       * FieldPositions describing the positive suffix String. This is
       * lazily created. Use <code>getPositiveSuffixFieldPositions</code>
       * when needed.
       *
      private transient FieldPosition[] positiveSuffixFieldPositions;
  
      /**
       * FieldPositions describing the negative prefix String. This is
       * lazily created. Use <code>getNegativePrefixFieldPositions</code>
       * when needed.
       *
      private transient FieldPosition[] negativePrefixFieldPositions;
  
      /**
       * FieldPositions describing the negative suffix String. This is
       * lazily created. Use <code>getNegativeSuffixFieldPositions</code>
       * when needed.
       *
      private transient FieldPosition[] negativeSuffixFieldPositions;
  
      /**
       * The minimum number of digits used to display the exponent when a number is
       * formatted in exponential notation.  This field is ignored if
       * <code>useExponentialNotation</code> is not true.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.2
       *
      private byte    minExponentDigits;       // Newly persistent in the Java 2 platform v.1.2
  
  
      */
      // END Android-removed: useExponentialNotation, *FieldPositions, minExponentDigits.
  
      /**
       * The maximum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * <code>BigInteger</code> or <code>BigDecimal</code> number.
       * <code>maximumIntegerDigits</code> must be greater than or equal to
       * <code>minimumIntegerDigits</code>.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getMaximumIntegerDigits
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: removed initialization.
      private int    maximumIntegerDigits /* = super.getMaximumIntegerDigits() */;
  
      /**
       * The minimum number of digits allowed in the integer portion of a
       * <code>BigInteger</code> or <code>BigDecimal</code> number.
       * <code>minimumIntegerDigits</code> must be less than or equal to
       * <code>maximumIntegerDigits</code>.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getMinimumIntegerDigits
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: removed initialization.
      private int    minimumIntegerDigits /* = super.getMinimumIntegerDigits() */;
  
      /**
       * The maximum number of digits allowed in the fractional portion of a
       * <code>BigInteger</code> or <code>BigDecimal</code> number.
       * <code>maximumFractionDigits</code> must be greater than or equal to
       * <code>minimumFractionDigits</code>.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getMaximumFractionDigits
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: removed initialization.
      private int    maximumFractionDigits /* = super.getMaximumFractionDigits() */;
  
      /**
       * The minimum number of digits allowed in the fractional portion of a
       * <code>BigInteger</code> or <code>BigDecimal</code> number.
       * <code>minimumFractionDigits</code> must be less than or equal to
       * <code>maximumFractionDigits</code>.
       *
       * @serial
       * @see #getMinimumFractionDigits
       * @since 1.5
       */
      // Android-changed: removed initialization.
      private int    minimumFractionDigits /* = super.getMinimumFractionDigits() */;
  
      /**
       * The {@link RoundingMode} used in this DecimalFormat.
       *
       * @serial
       * @since 1.6
       */
      private RoundingMode roundingMode = RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN;
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: FastPathData, isFastPath, fastPathCheckNeeded and fastPathData.
      /*
      // ------ DecimalFormat fields for fast-path for double algorithm  ------
  
      /**
       * Helper inner utility class for storing the data used in the fast-path
       * algorithm. Almost all fields related to fast-path are encapsulated in
       * this class.
       *
       * Any {@code DecimalFormat} instance has a {@code fastPathData}
       * reference field that is null unless both the properties of the instance
       * are such that the instance is in the "fast-path" state, and a format call
       * has been done at least once while in this state.
       *
       * Almost all fields are related to the "fast-path" state only and don't
       * change until one of the instance properties is changed.
       *
       * {@code firstUsedIndex} and {@code lastFreeIndex} are the only
       * two fields that are used and modified while inside a call to
       * {@code fastDoubleFormat}.
       *
       *
      private static class FastPathData {
          // --- Temporary fields used in fast-path, shared by several methods.
  
          /** The first unused index at the end of the formatted result. *
          int lastFreeIndex;
  
          /** The first used index at the beginning of the formatted result *
          int firstUsedIndex;
  
          // --- State fields related to fast-path status. Changes due to a
          //     property change only. Set by checkAndSetFastPathStatus() only.
  
          /** Difference between locale zero and default zero representation. *
          int  zeroDelta;
  
          /** Locale char for grouping separator. *
          char groupingChar;
  
          /**  Fixed index position of last integral digit of formatted result *
          int integralLastIndex;
  
          /**  Fixed index position of first fractional digit of formatted result *
          int fractionalFirstIndex;
  
          /** Fractional constants depending on decimal|currency state *
          double fractionalScaleFactor;
          int fractionalMaxIntBound;
  
  
          /** The char array buffer that will contain the formatted result *
          char[] fastPathContainer;
  
          /** Suffixes recorded as char array for efficiency. *
          char[] charsPositivePrefix;
          char[] charsNegativePrefix;
          char[] charsPositiveSuffix;
          char[] charsNegativeSuffix;
          boolean positiveAffixesRequired = true;
          boolean negativeAffixesRequired = true;
      }
  
      /** The format fast-path status of the instance. Logical state. *
      private transient boolean isFastPath = false;
  
      /** Flag stating need of check and reinit fast-path status on next format call. *
      private transient boolean fastPathCheckNeeded = true;
  
      /** DecimalFormat reference to its FastPathData *
      private transient FastPathData fastPathData;
      */
      // END Android-removed: FastPathData, isFastPath, fastPathCheckNeeded and fastPathData.
  
      //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
      static final int currentSerialVersion = 4;
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: serialVersionOnStream.
  
      /**
       * The internal serial version which says which version was written.
       * Possible values are:
       * <ul>
       * <li><b>0</b> (default): versions before the Java 2 platform v1.2
       * <li><b>1</b>: version for 1.2, which includes the two new fields
       *      <code>useExponentialNotation</code> and
       *      <code>minExponentDigits</code>.
       * <li><b>2</b>: version for 1.3 and later, which adds four new fields:
       *      <code>posPrefixPattern</code>, <code>posSuffixPattern</code>,
       *      <code>negPrefixPattern</code>, and <code>negSuffixPattern</code>.
       * <li><b>3</b>: version for 1.5 and later, which adds five new fields:
       *      <code>maximumIntegerDigits</code>,
       *      <code>minimumIntegerDigits</code>,
       *      <code>maximumFractionDigits</code>,
       *      <code>minimumFractionDigits</code>, and
       *      <code>parseBigDecimal</code>.
       * <li><b>4</b>: version for 1.6 and later, which adds one new field:
       *      <code>roundingMode</code>.
       * </ul>
       * @since 1.2
       * @serial
       *
      private int serialVersionOnStream = currentSerialVersion;
      */
      // END Android-removed: serialVersionOnStream.
  
      //----------------------------------------------------------------------
      // CONSTANTS
      //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
      // BEGIN Android-removed: Fast-Path for double Constants, various constants.
      /*
      // ------ Fast-Path for double Constants ------
  
      /** Maximum valid integer value for applying fast-path algorithm *
      private static final double MAX_INT_AS_DOUBLE = (double) Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  
      /**
       * The digit arrays used in the fast-path methods for collecting digits.
       * Using 3 constants arrays of chars ensures a very fast collection of digits
       *
      private static class DigitArrays {
          static final char[] DigitOnes1000 = new char[1000];
          static final char[] DigitTens1000 = new char[1000];
          static final char[] DigitHundreds1000 = new char[1000];
  
          // initialize on demand holder class idiom for arrays of digits
          static {
              int tenIndex = 0;
              int hundredIndex = 0;
              char digitOne = '0';
              char digitTen = '0';
              char digitHundred = '0';
              for (int i = 0;  i < 1000; i++ ) {
  
                  DigitOnes1000[i] = digitOne;
                  if (digitOne == '9')
                      digitOne = '0';
                  else
                      digitOne++;
  
                  DigitTens1000[i] = digitTen;
                  if (i == (tenIndex + 9)) {
                      tenIndex += 10;
                      if (digitTen == '9')
                          digitTen = '0';
                      else
                          digitTen++;
                  }
  
                  DigitHundreds1000[i] = digitHundred;
                  if (i == (hundredIndex + 99)) {
                      digitHundred++;
                      hundredIndex += 100;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      // ------ Fast-Path for double Constants end ------
  
      // Constants for characters used in programmatic (unlocalized) patterns.
      private static final char       PATTERN_ZERO_DIGIT         = '0';
      private static final char       PATTERN_GROUPING_SEPARATOR = ',';
      private static final char       PATTERN_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR  = '.';
      private static final char       PATTERN_PER_MILLE          = '\u2030';
      private static final char       PATTERN_PERCENT            = '%';
      private static final char       PATTERN_DIGIT              = '#';
      private static final char       PATTERN_SEPARATOR          = ';';
      private static final String     PATTERN_EXPONENT           = "E";
      private static final char       PATTERN_MINUS              = '-';
  
      /**
       * The CURRENCY_SIGN is the standard Unicode symbol for currency.  It
       * is used in patterns and substituted with either the currency symbol,
       * or if it is doubled, with the international currency symbol.  If the
       * CURRENCY_SIGN is seen in a pattern, then the decimal separator is
       * replaced with the monetary decimal separator.
       *
       * The CURRENCY_SIGN is not localized.
       *
      private static final char       CURRENCY_SIGN = '\u00A4';
  
      private static final char       QUOTE = '\'';
  
      private static FieldPosition[] EmptyFieldPositionArray = new FieldPosition[0];
      */
      // END Android-removed: Fast-Path for double Constants, various constants.
  
      // Upper limit on integer and fraction digits for a Java double
      static final int DOUBLE_INTEGER_DIGITS  = 309;
      static final int DOUBLE_FRACTION_DIGITS = 340;
  
      // Upper limit on integer and fraction digits for BigDecimal and BigInteger
      static final int MAXIMUM_INTEGER_DIGITS  = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
      static final int MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  
      // Proclaim JDK 1.1 serial compatibility.
      static final long serialVersionUID = 864413376551465018L;
  }
  