content: /*
   * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package android.media;
  
  import android.annotation.IntDef;
  import android.annotation.NonNull;
  import android.annotation.Nullable;
  import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
  import android.app.ActivityThread;
  import android.content.ContentProvider;
  import android.content.ContentResolver;
  import android.content.Context;
  import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
  import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
  import android.media.SubtitleController.Anchor;
  import android.media.SubtitleTrack.RenderingWidget;
  import android.net.Uri;
  import android.os.Handler;
  import android.os.HandlerThread;
  import android.os.IBinder;
  import android.os.Looper;
  import android.os.Message;
  import android.os.Parcel;
  import android.os.Parcelable;
  import android.os.PersistableBundle;
  import android.os.PowerManager;
  import android.os.Process;
  import android.os.SystemProperties;
  import android.provider.Settings;
  import android.system.ErrnoException;
  import android.system.Os;
  import android.system.OsConstants;
  import android.util.ArrayMap;
  import android.util.Log;
  import android.util.Pair;
  import android.view.Surface;
  import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
  import android.widget.VideoView;
  
  import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
  import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
  
  import libcore.io.IoBridge;
  import libcore.io.Streams;
  
  import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileDescriptor;
  import java.io.FileInputStream;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
  import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
  import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
  import java.net.CookieHandler;
  import java.net.CookieManager;
  import java.net.HttpCookie;
  import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.BitSet;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Scanner;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.UUID;
  import java.util.Vector;
  
  
  /**
   * MediaPlayer class can be used to control playback
   * of audio/video files and streams. An example on how to use the methods in
   * this class can be found in {@link android.widget.VideoView}.
   *
   * <p>Topics covered here are:
   * <ol>
   * <li><a href="#StateDiagram">State Diagram</a>
   * <li><a href="#Valid_and_Invalid_States">Valid and Invalid States</a>
   * <li><a href="#Permissions">Permissions</a>
   * <li><a href="#Callbacks">Register informational and error callbacks</a>
   * </ol>
   *
   * <div class="special reference">
   * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
   * <p>For more information about how to use MediaPlayer, read the
   * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/media/mediaplayer.html">Media Playback</a> developer guide.</p>
   * </div>
   *
   * <a name="StateDiagram"></a>
   * <h3>State Diagram</h3>
   *
   * <p>Playback control of audio/video files and streams is managed as a state
   * machine. The following diagram shows the life cycle and the states of a
   * MediaPlayer object driven by the supported playback control operations.
   * The ovals represent the states a MediaPlayer object may reside
   * in. The arcs represent the playback control operations that drive the object
   * state transition. There are two types of arcs. The arcs with a single arrow
   * head represent synchronous method calls, while those with
   * a double arrow head represent asynchronous method calls.</p>
   *
   * <p><img src="../../../images/mediaplayer_state_diagram.gif"
   *         alt="MediaPlayer State diagram"
   *         border="0" /></p>
   *
   * <p>From this state diagram, one can see that a MediaPlayer object has the
   *    following states:</p>
   * <ul>
   *     <li>When a MediaPlayer object is just created using <code>new</code> or
   *         after {@link #reset()} is called, it is in the <em>Idle</em> state; and after
   *         {@link #release()} is called, it is in the <em>End</em> state. Between these
   *         two states is the life cycle of the MediaPlayer object.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>There is a subtle but important difference between a newly constructed
   *         MediaPlayer object and the MediaPlayer object after {@link #reset()}
   *         is called. It is a programming error to invoke methods such
   *         as {@link #getCurrentPosition()},
   *         {@link #getDuration()}, {@link #getVideoHeight()},
   *         {@link #getVideoWidth()}, {@link #setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes)},
   *         {@link #setLooping(boolean)},
   *         {@link #setVolume(float, float)}, {@link #pause()}, {@link #start()},
   *         {@link #stop()}, {@link #seekTo(long, int)}, {@link #prepare()} or
   *         {@link #prepareAsync()} in the <em>Idle</em> state for both cases. If any of these
   *         methods is called right after a MediaPlayer object is constructed,
   *         the user supplied callback method OnErrorListener.onError() won't be
   *         called by the internal player engine and the object state remains
   *         unchanged; but if these methods are called right after {@link #reset()},
   *         the user supplied callback method OnErrorListener.onError() will be
   *         invoked by the internal player engine and the object will be
   *         transfered to the <em>Error</em> state. </li>
   *         <li>It is also recommended that once
   *         a MediaPlayer object is no longer being used, call {@link #release()} immediately
   *         so that resources used by the internal player engine associated with the
   *         MediaPlayer object can be released immediately. Resource may include
   *         singleton resources such as hardware acceleration components and
   *         failure to call {@link #release()} may cause subsequent instances of
   *         MediaPlayer objects to fallback to software implementations or fail
   *         altogether. Once the MediaPlayer
   *         object is in the <em>End</em> state, it can no longer be used and
   *         there is no way to bring it back to any other state. </li>
   *         <li>Furthermore,
   *         the MediaPlayer objects created using <code>new</code> is in the
   *         <em>Idle</em> state, while those created with one
   *         of the overloaded convenient <code>create</code> methods are <em>NOT</em>
   *         in the <em>Idle</em> state. In fact, the objects are in the <em>Prepared</em>
   *         state if the creation using <code>create</code> method is successful.
   *         </li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>In general, some playback control operation may fail due to various
   *         reasons, such as unsupported audio/video format, poorly interleaved
   *         audio/video, resolution too high, streaming timeout, and the like.
   *         Thus, error reporting and recovery is an important concern under
   *         these circumstances. Sometimes, due to programming errors, invoking a playback
   *         control operation in an invalid state may also occur. Under all these
   *         error conditions, the internal player engine invokes a user supplied
   *         OnErrorListener.onError() method if an OnErrorListener has been
   *         registered beforehand via
   *         {@link #setOnErrorListener(android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener)}.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>It is important to note that once an error occurs, the
   *         MediaPlayer object enters the <em>Error</em> state (except as noted
   *         above), even if an error listener has not been registered by the application.</li>
   *         <li>In order to reuse a MediaPlayer object that is in the <em>
   *         Error</em> state and recover from the error,
   *         {@link #reset()} can be called to restore the object to its <em>Idle</em>
   *         state.</li>
   *         <li>It is good programming practice to have your application
   *         register a OnErrorListener to look out for error notifications from
   *         the internal player engine.</li>
   *         <li>IllegalStateException is
   *         thrown to prevent programming errors such as calling {@link #prepare()},
   *         {@link #prepareAsync()}, or one of the overloaded <code>setDataSource
   *         </code> methods in an invalid state. </li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>Calling
   *         {@link #setDataSource(FileDescriptor)}, or
   *         {@link #setDataSource(String)}, or
   *         {@link #setDataSource(Context, Uri)}, or
   *         {@link #setDataSource(FileDescriptor, long, long)}, or
   *         {@link #setDataSource(MediaDataSource)} transfers a
   *         MediaPlayer object in the <em>Idle</em> state to the
   *         <em>Initialized</em> state.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>An IllegalStateException is thrown if
   *         setDataSource() is called in any other state.</li>
   *         <li>It is good programming
   *         practice to always look out for <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>
   *         and <code>IOException</code> that may be thrown from the overloaded
   *         <code>setDataSource</code> methods.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>A MediaPlayer object must first enter the <em>Prepared</em> state
   *         before playback can be started.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>There are two ways (synchronous vs.
   *         asynchronous) that the <em>Prepared</em> state can be reached:
   *         either a call to {@link #prepare()} (synchronous) which
   *         transfers the object to the <em>Prepared</em> state once the method call
   *         returns, or a call to {@link #prepareAsync()} (asynchronous) which
   *         first transfers the object to the <em>Preparing</em> state after the
   *         call returns (which occurs almost right away) while the internal
   *         player engine continues working on the rest of preparation work
   *         until the preparation work completes. When the preparation completes or when {@link #prepare()} call returns,
   *         the internal player engine then calls a user supplied callback method,
   *         onPrepared() of the OnPreparedListener interface, if an
   *         OnPreparedListener is registered beforehand via {@link
   *         #setOnPreparedListener(android.media.MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener)}.</li>
   *         <li>It is important to note that
   *         the <em>Preparing</em> state is a transient state, and the behavior
   *         of calling any method with side effect while a MediaPlayer object is
   *         in the <em>Preparing</em> state is undefined.</li>
   *         <li>An IllegalStateException is
   *         thrown if {@link #prepare()} or {@link #prepareAsync()} is called in
   *         any other state.</li>
   *         <li>While in the <em>Prepared</em> state, properties
   *         such as audio/sound volume, screenOnWhilePlaying, looping can be
   *         adjusted by invoking the corresponding set methods.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>To start the playback, {@link #start()} must be called. After
   *         {@link #start()} returns successfully, the MediaPlayer object is in the
   *         <em>Started</em> state. {@link #isPlaying()} can be called to test
   *         whether the MediaPlayer object is in the <em>Started</em> state.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>While in the <em>Started</em> state, the internal player engine calls
   *         a user supplied OnBufferingUpdateListener.onBufferingUpdate() callback
   *         method if a OnBufferingUpdateListener has been registered beforehand
   *         via {@link #setOnBufferingUpdateListener(OnBufferingUpdateListener)}.
   *         This callback allows applications to keep track of the buffering status
   *         while streaming audio/video.</li>
   *         <li>Calling {@link #start()} has not effect
   *         on a MediaPlayer object that is already in the <em>Started</em> state.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>Playback can be paused and stopped, and the current playback position
   *         can be adjusted. Playback can be paused via {@link #pause()}. When the call to
   *         {@link #pause()} returns, the MediaPlayer object enters the
   *         <em>Paused</em> state. Note that the transition from the <em>Started</em>
   *         state to the <em>Paused</em> state and vice versa happens
   *         asynchronously in the player engine. It may take some time before
   *         the state is updated in calls to {@link #isPlaying()}, and it can be
   *         a number of seconds in the case of streamed content.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>Calling {@link #start()} to resume playback for a paused
   *         MediaPlayer object, and the resumed playback
   *         position is the same as where it was paused. When the call to
   *         {@link #start()} returns, the paused MediaPlayer object goes back to
   *         the <em>Started</em> state.</li>
   *         <li>Calling {@link #pause()} has no effect on
   *         a MediaPlayer object that is already in the <em>Paused</em> state.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>Calling  {@link #stop()} stops playback and causes a
   *         MediaPlayer in the <em>Started</em>, <em>Paused</em>, <em>Prepared
   *         </em> or <em>PlaybackCompleted</em> state to enter the
   *         <em>Stopped</em> state.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>Once in the <em>Stopped</em> state, playback cannot be started
   *         until {@link #prepare()} or {@link #prepareAsync()} are called to set
   *         the MediaPlayer object to the <em>Prepared</em> state again.</li>
   *         <li>Calling {@link #stop()} has no effect on a MediaPlayer
   *         object that is already in the <em>Stopped</em> state.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>The playback position can be adjusted with a call to
   *         {@link #seekTo(long, int)}.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>Although the asynchronuous {@link #seekTo(long, int)}
   *         call returns right away, the actual seek operation may take a while to
   *         finish, especially for audio/video being streamed. When the actual
   *         seek operation completes, the internal player engine calls a user
   *         supplied OnSeekComplete.onSeekComplete() if an OnSeekCompleteListener
   *         has been registered beforehand via
   *         {@link #setOnSeekCompleteListener(OnSeekCompleteListener)}.</li>
   *         <li>Please
   *         note that {@link #seekTo(long, int)} can also be called in the other states,
   *         such as <em>Prepared</em>, <em>Paused</em> and <em>PlaybackCompleted
   *         </em> state. When {@link #seekTo(long, int)} is called in those states,
   *         one video frame will be displayed if the stream has video and the requested
   *         position is valid.
   *         </li>
   *         <li>Furthermore, the actual current playback position
   *         can be retrieved with a call to {@link #getCurrentPosition()}, which
   *         is helpful for applications such as a Music player that need to keep
   *         track of the playback progress.</li>
   *         </ul>
   *         </li>
   *     <li>When the playback reaches the end of stream, the playback completes.
   *         <ul>
   *         <li>If the looping mode was being set to <var>true</var>with
   *         {@link #setLooping(boolean)}, the MediaPlayer object shall remain in
   *         the <em>Started</em> state.</li>
   *         <li>If the looping mode was set to <var>false
   *         </var>, the player engine calls a user supplied callback method,
   *         OnCompletion.onCompletion(), if a OnCompletionListener is registered
   *         beforehand via {@link #setOnCompletionListener(OnCompletionListener)}.
   *         The invoke of the callback signals that the object is now in the <em>
   *         PlaybackCompleted</em> state.</li>
   *         <li>While in the <em>PlaybackCompleted</em>
   *         state, calling {@link #start()} can restart the playback from the
   *         beginning of the audio/video source.</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   *
   * <a name="Valid_and_Invalid_States"></a>
   * <h3>Valid and invalid states</h3>
   *
   * <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
   * <tr><td>Method Name </p></td>
   *     <td>Valid States </p></td>
   *     <td>Invalid States </p></td>
   *     <td>Comments </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>attachAuxEffect </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped, PlaybackCompleted} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method must be called after setDataSource.
   *     Calling it does not change the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getAudioSessionId </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getCurrentPosition </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped,
   *         PlaybackCompleted} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change the
   *         state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the object
   *         to the <em>Error</em> state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getDuration </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped, PlaybackCompleted} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change the
   *         state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the object
   *         to the <em>Error</em> state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getVideoHeight </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped,
   *         PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change the
   *         state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the object
   *         to the <em>Error</em> state.  </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getVideoWidth </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped,
   *         PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change
   *         the state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Error</em> state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>isPlaying </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped,
   *          PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change
   *         the state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Error</em> state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>pause </p></td>
   *     <td>{Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Stopped, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Paused</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state transfers the object to the <em>Error</em> state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>prepare </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Stopped} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Prepared, Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted, Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Prepared</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state throws an IllegalStateException.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>prepareAsync </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Stopped} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Prepared, Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted, Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Preparing</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state throws an IllegalStateException.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>release </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>After {@link #release()}, the object is no longer available. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>reset </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped,
   *         PlaybackCompleted, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>{}</p></td>
   *     <td>After {@link #reset()}, the object is like being just created.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>seekTo </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change
   *         the state. Calling this method in an invalid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Error</em> state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setAudioAttributes </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Prepared, Started, Paused,
   *          PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state. In order for the
   *         target audio attributes type to become effective, this method must be called before
   *         prepare() or prepareAsync().</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setAudioSessionId </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped, PlaybackCompleted,
   *          Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method must be called in idle state as the audio session ID must be known before
   *         calling setDataSource. Calling it does not change the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setAudioStreamType (deprecated)</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Prepared, Started, Paused,
   *          PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state. In order for the
   *         target audio stream type to become effective, this method must be called before
   *         prepare() or prepareAsync().</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setAuxEffectSendLevel </p></td>
   *     <td>any</p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>Calling this method does not change the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setDataSource </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped, PlaybackCompleted,
   *          Error} </p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Initialized</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state throws an IllegalStateException.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setDisplay </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setSurface </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setVideoScalingMode </p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, Stopped, PlaybackCompleted} </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setLooping </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Prepared, Started, Paused,
   *         PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state does not change
   *         the state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state transfers the object to the <em>Error</em> state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>isLooping </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setOnBufferingUpdateListener </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setOnCompletionListener </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setOnErrorListener </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setOnPreparedListener </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setOnSeekCompleteListener </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state. </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setPlaybackParams</p></td>
   *     <td>{Initialized, Prepared, Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Stopped} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method will change state in some cases, depending on when it's called.
   *         </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setScreenOnWhilePlaying</></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state.  </p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>setVolume </p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Prepared, Started, Paused,
   *          PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.
   * <tr><td>setWakeMode </p></td>
   *     <td>any </p></td>
   *     <td>{} </p></td>
   *     <td>This method can be called in any state and calling it does not change
   *         the object state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>start </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Stopped, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Started</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state transfers the object to the <em>Error</em> state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>stop </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Stopped, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method in a valid state transfers the
   *         object to the <em>Stopped</em> state. Calling this method in an
   *         invalid state transfers the object to the <em>Error</em> state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>getTrackInfo </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Stopped, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>addTimedTextSource </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Stopped, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>selectTrack </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Stopped, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.</p></td></tr>
   * <tr><td>deselectTrack </p></td>
   *     <td>{Prepared, Started, Stopped, Paused, PlaybackCompleted}</p></td>
   *     <td>{Idle, Initialized, Error}</p></td>
   *     <td>Successful invoke of this method does not change the state.</p></td></tr>
   *
   * </table>
   *
   * <a name="Permissions"></a>
   * <h3>Permissions</h3>
   * <p>One may need to declare a corresponding WAKE_LOCK permission {@link
   * android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestUsesPermission &lt;uses-permission&gt;}
   * element.
   *
   * <p>This class requires the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission
   * when used with network-based content.
   *
   * <a name="Callbacks"></a>
   * <h3>Callbacks</h3>
   * <p>Applications may want to register for informational and error
   * events in order to be informed of some internal state update and
   * possible runtime errors during playback or streaming. Registration for
   * these events is done by properly setting the appropriate listeners (via calls
   * to
   * {@link #setOnPreparedListener(OnPreparedListener)}setOnPreparedListener,
   * {@link #setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(OnVideoSizeChangedListener)}setOnVideoSizeChangedListener,
   * {@link #setOnSeekCompleteListener(OnSeekCompleteListener)}setOnSeekCompleteListener,
   * {@link #setOnCompletionListener(OnCompletionListener)}setOnCompletionListener,
   * {@link #setOnBufferingUpdateListener(OnBufferingUpdateListener)}setOnBufferingUpdateListener,
   * {@link #setOnInfoListener(OnInfoListener)}setOnInfoListener,
   * {@link #setOnErrorListener(OnErrorListener)}setOnErrorListener, etc).
   * In order to receive the respective callback
   * associated with these listeners, applications are required to create
   * MediaPlayer objects on a thread with its own Looper running (main UI
   * thread by default has a Looper running).
   *
   */
  public class MediaPlayer extends PlayerBase
                           implements SubtitleController.Listener
                                    , VolumeAutomation
                                    , AudioRouting
  {
      /**
         Constant to retrieve only the new metadata since the last
         call.
         // FIXME: unhide.
         // FIXME: add link to getMetadata(boolean, boolean)
         {@hide}
       */
      public static final boolean METADATA_UPDATE_ONLY = true;
  
      /**
         Constant to retrieve all the metadata.
         // FIXME: unhide.
         // FIXME: add link to getMetadata(boolean, boolean)
         {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public static final boolean METADATA_ALL = false;
  
      /**
         Constant to enable the metadata filter during retrieval.
         // FIXME: unhide.
         // FIXME: add link to getMetadata(boolean, boolean)
         {@hide}
       */
      public static final boolean APPLY_METADATA_FILTER = true;
  
      /**
         Constant to disable the metadata filter during retrieval.
         // FIXME: unhide.
         // FIXME: add link to getMetadata(boolean, boolean)
         {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public static final boolean BYPASS_METADATA_FILTER = false;
  
      static {
          System.loadLibrary("media_jni");
          native_init();
      }
  
      private final static String TAG = "MediaPlayer";
      // Name of the remote interface for the media player. Must be kept
      // in sync with the 2nd parameter of the IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE
      // macro invocation in IMediaPlayer.cpp
      private final static String IMEDIA_PLAYER = "android.media.IMediaPlayer";
  
      private long mNativeContext; // accessed by native methods
      private long mNativeSurfaceTexture;  // accessed by native methods
      private int mListenerContext; // accessed by native methods
      private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private EventHandler mEventHandler;
      private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock = null;
      private boolean mScreenOnWhilePlaying;
      private boolean mStayAwake;
      private int mStreamType = AudioManager.USE_DEFAULT_STREAM_TYPE;
      private int mUsage = -1;
  
      // Modular DRM
      private UUID mDrmUUID;
      private final Object mDrmLock = new Object();
      private DrmInfo mDrmInfo;
      private MediaDrm mDrmObj;
      private byte[] mDrmSessionId;
      private boolean mDrmInfoResolved;
      private boolean mActiveDrmScheme;
      private boolean mDrmConfigAllowed;
      private boolean mDrmProvisioningInProgress;
      private boolean mPrepareDrmInProgress;
      private ProvisioningThread mDrmProvisioningThread;
  
      /**
       * Default constructor. Consider using one of the create() methods for
       * synchronously instantiating a MediaPlayer from a Uri or resource.
       * <p>When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call  {@link #release()},
       * to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer instances may
       * result in an exception.</p>
       */
      public MediaPlayer() {
          super(new AudioAttributes.Builder().build(),
                  AudioPlaybackConfiguration.PLAYER_TYPE_JAM_MEDIAPLAYER);
  
          Looper looper;
          if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {
              mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
          } else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {
              mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
          } else {
              mEventHandler = null;
          }
  
          mTimeProvider = new TimeProvider(this);
          mOpenSubtitleSources = new Vector<InputStream>();
  
          /* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object.
           * It's easier to create it here than in C++.
           */
          native_setup(new WeakReference<MediaPlayer>(this));
  
          baseRegisterPlayer();
      }
  
      /*
       * Update the MediaPlayer SurfaceTexture.
       * Call after setting a new display surface.
       */
      private native void _setVideoSurface(Surface surface);
  
      /* Do not change these values (starting with INVOKE_ID) without updating
       * their counterparts in include/media/mediaplayer.h!
       */
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_GET_TRACK_INFO = 1;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_ADD_EXTERNAL_SOURCE = 2;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_ADD_EXTERNAL_SOURCE_FD = 3;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_SELECT_TRACK = 4;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_DESELECT_TRACK = 5;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_SET_VIDEO_SCALE_MODE = 6;
      private static final int INVOKE_ID_GET_SELECTED_TRACK = 7;
  
      /**
       * Create a request parcel which can be routed to the native media
       * player using {@link #invoke(Parcel, Parcel)}. The Parcel
       * returned has the proper InterfaceToken set. The caller should
       * not overwrite that token, i.e it can only append data to the
       * Parcel.
       *
       * @return A parcel suitable to hold a request for the native
       * player.
       * {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public Parcel newRequest() {
          Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
          parcel.writeInterfaceToken(IMEDIA_PLAYER);
          return parcel;
      }
  
      /**
       * Invoke a generic method on the native player using opaque
       * parcels for the request and reply. Both payloads' format is a
       * convention between the java caller and the native player.
       * Must be called after setDataSource to make sure a native player
       * exists. On failure, a RuntimeException is thrown.
       *
       * @param request Parcel with the data for the extension. The
       * caller must use {@link #newRequest()} to get one.
       *
       * @param reply Output parcel with the data returned by the
       * native player.
       * {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public void invoke(Parcel request, Parcel reply) {
          int retcode = native_invoke(request, reply);
          reply.setDataPosition(0);
          if (retcode != 0) {
              throw new RuntimeException("failure code: " + retcode);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the {@link SurfaceHolder} to use for displaying the video
       * portion of the media.
       *
       * Either a surface holder or surface must be set if a display or video sink
       * is needed.  Not calling this method or {@link #setSurface(Surface)}
       * when playing back a video will result in only the audio track being played.
       * A null surface holder or surface will result in only the audio track being
       * played.
       *
       * @param sh the SurfaceHolder to use for video display
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized or has been released.
       */
      public void setDisplay(SurfaceHolder sh) {
          mSurfaceHolder = sh;
          Surface surface;
          if (sh != null) {
              surface = sh.getSurface();
          } else {
              surface = null;
          }
          _setVideoSurface(surface);
          updateSurfaceScreenOn();
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the {@link Surface} to be used as the sink for the video portion of
       * the media. This is similar to {@link #setDisplay(SurfaceHolder)}, but
       * does not support {@link #setScreenOnWhilePlaying(boolean)}.  Setting a
       * Surface will un-set any Surface or SurfaceHolder that was previously set.
       * A null surface will result in only the audio track being played.
       *
       * If the Surface sends frames to a {@link SurfaceTexture}, the timestamps
       * returned from {@link SurfaceTexture#getTimestamp()} will have an
       * unspecified zero point.  These timestamps cannot be directly compared
       * between different media sources, different instances of the same media
       * source, or multiple runs of the same program.  The timestamp is normally
       * monotonically increasing and is unaffected by time-of-day adjustments,
       * but it is reset when the position is set.
       *
       * @param surface The {@link Surface} to be used for the video portion of
       * the media.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized or has been released.
       */
      public void setSurface(Surface surface) {
          if (mScreenOnWhilePlaying && surface != null) {
              Log.w(TAG, "setScreenOnWhilePlaying(true) is ineffective for Surface");
          }
          mSurfaceHolder = null;
          _setVideoSurface(surface);
          updateSurfaceScreenOn();
      }
  
      /* Do not change these video scaling mode values below without updating
       * their counterparts in system/window.h! Please do not forget to update
       * {@link #isVideoScalingModeSupported} when new video scaling modes
       * are added.
       */
      /**
       * Specifies a video scaling mode. The content is stretched to the
       * surface rendering area. When the surface has the same aspect ratio
       * as the content, the aspect ratio of the content is maintained;
       * otherwise, the aspect ratio of the content is not maintained when video
       * is being rendered. Unlike {@link #VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT_WITH_CROPPING},
       * there is no content cropping with this video scaling mode.
       */
      public static final int VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT = 1;
  
      /**
       * Specifies a video scaling mode. The content is scaled, maintaining
       * its aspect ratio. The whole surface area is always used. When the
       * aspect ratio of the content is the same as the surface, no content
       * is cropped; otherwise, content is cropped to fit the surface.
       */
      public static final int VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT_WITH_CROPPING = 2;
      /**
       * Sets video scaling mode. To make the target video scaling mode
       * effective during playback, this method must be called after
       * data source is set. If not called, the default video
       * scaling mode is {@link #VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT}.
       *
       * <p> The supported video scaling modes are:
       * <ul>
       * <li> {@link #VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT}
       * <li> {@link #VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT_WITH_CROPPING}
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param mode target video scaling mode. Must be one of the supported
       * video scaling modes; otherwise, IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
       *
       * @see MediaPlayer#VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT
       * @see MediaPlayer#VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT_WITH_CROPPING
       */
      public void setVideoScalingMode(int mode) {
          if (!isVideoScalingModeSupported(mode)) {
              final String msg = "Scaling mode " + mode + " is not supported";
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
          }
          Parcel request = Parcel.obtain();
          Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
          try {
              request.writeInterfaceToken(IMEDIA_PLAYER);
              request.writeInt(INVOKE_ID_SET_VIDEO_SCALE_MODE);
              request.writeInt(mode);
              invoke(request, reply);
          } finally {
              request.recycle();
              reply.recycle();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Convenience method to create a MediaPlayer for a given Uri.
       * On success, {@link #prepare()} will already have been called and must not be called again.
       * <p>When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call  {@link #release()},
       * to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer instances will
       * result in an exception.</p>
       * <p>Note that since {@link #prepare()} is called automatically in this method,
       * you cannot change the audio
       * session ID (see {@link #setAudioSessionId(int)}) or audio attributes
       * (see {@link #setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes)} of the new MediaPlayer.</p>
       *
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param uri the Uri from which to get the datasource
       * @return a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed
       */
      public static MediaPlayer create(Context context, Uri uri) {
          return create (context, uri, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Convenience method to create a MediaPlayer for a given Uri.
       * On success, {@link #prepare()} will already have been called and must not be called again.
       * <p>When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call  {@link #release()},
       * to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer instances will
       * result in an exception.</p>
       * <p>Note that since {@link #prepare()} is called automatically in this method,
       * you cannot change the audio
       * session ID (see {@link #setAudioSessionId(int)}) or audio attributes
       * (see {@link #setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes)} of the new MediaPlayer.</p>
       *
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param uri the Uri from which to get the datasource
       * @param holder the SurfaceHolder to use for displaying the video
       * @return a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed
       */
      public static MediaPlayer create(Context context, Uri uri, SurfaceHolder holder) {
          int s = AudioSystem.newAudioSessionId();
          return create(context, uri, holder, null, s > 0 ? s : 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Same factory method as {@link #create(Context, Uri, SurfaceHolder)} but that lets you specify
       * the audio attributes and session ID to be used by the new MediaPlayer instance.
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param uri the Uri from which to get the datasource
       * @param holder the SurfaceHolder to use for displaying the video, may be null.
       * @param audioAttributes the {@link AudioAttributes} to be used by the media player.
       * @param audioSessionId the audio session ID to be used by the media player,
       *     see {@link AudioManager#generateAudioSessionId()} to obtain a new session.
       * @return a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed
       */
      public static MediaPlayer create(Context context, Uri uri, SurfaceHolder holder,
              AudioAttributes audioAttributes, int audioSessionId) {
  
          try {
              MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer();
              final AudioAttributes aa = audioAttributes != null ? audioAttributes :
                  new AudioAttributes.Builder().build();
              mp.setAudioAttributes(aa);
              mp.setAudioSessionId(audioSessionId);
              mp.setDataSource(context, uri);
              if (holder != null) {
                  mp.setDisplay(holder);
              }
              mp.prepare();
              return mp;
          } catch (IOException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
              // fall through
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
              // fall through
          } catch (SecurityException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
              // fall through
          }
  
          return null;
      }
  
      // Note no convenience method to create a MediaPlayer with SurfaceTexture sink.
  
      /**
       * Convenience method to create a MediaPlayer for a given resource id.
       * On success, {@link #prepare()} will already have been called and must not be called again.
       * <p>When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call  {@link #release()},
       * to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer instances will
       * result in an exception.</p>
       * <p>Note that since {@link #prepare()} is called automatically in this method,
       * you cannot change the audio
       * session ID (see {@link #setAudioSessionId(int)}) or audio attributes
       * (see {@link #setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes)} of the new MediaPlayer.</p>
       *
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param resid the raw resource id (<var>R.raw.&lt;something></var>) for
       *              the resource to use as the datasource
       * @return a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed
       */
      public static MediaPlayer create(Context context, int resid) {
          int s = AudioSystem.newAudioSessionId();
          return create(context, resid, null, s > 0 ? s : 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Same factory method as {@link #create(Context, int)} but that lets you specify the audio
       * attributes and session ID to be used by the new MediaPlayer instance.
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param resid the raw resource id (<var>R.raw.&lt;something></var>) for
       *              the resource to use as the datasource
       * @param audioAttributes the {@link AudioAttributes} to be used by the media player.
       * @param audioSessionId the audio session ID to be used by the media player,
       *     see {@link AudioManager#generateAudioSessionId()} to obtain a new session.
       * @return a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed
       */
      public static MediaPlayer create(Context context, int resid,
              AudioAttributes audioAttributes, int audioSessionId) {
          try {
              AssetFileDescriptor afd = context.getResources().openRawResourceFd(resid);
              if (afd == null) return null;
  
              MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer();
  
              final AudioAttributes aa = audioAttributes != null ? audioAttributes :
                  new AudioAttributes.Builder().build();
              mp.setAudioAttributes(aa);
              mp.setAudioSessionId(audioSessionId);
  
              mp.setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor(), afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength());
              afd.close();
              mp.prepare();
              return mp;
          } catch (IOException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
              // fall through
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
             // fall through
          } catch (SecurityException ex) {
              Log.d(TAG, "create failed:", ex);
              // fall through
          }
          return null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source as a content Uri.
       *
       * @param context the Context to use when resolving the Uri
       * @param uri the Content URI of the data you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public void setDataSource(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Uri uri)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {
          setDataSource(context, uri, null, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source as a content Uri.
       *
       * To provide cookies for the subsequent HTTP requests, you can install your own default cookie
       * handler and use other variants of setDataSource APIs instead. Alternatively, you can use
       * this API to pass the cookies as a list of HttpCookie. If the app has not installed
       * a CookieHandler already, this API creates a CookieManager and populates its CookieStore with
       * the provided cookies. If the app has installed its own handler already, this API requires the
       * handler to be of CookieManager type such that the API can update the manager’s CookieStore.
       *
       * <p><strong>Note</strong> that the cross domain redirection is allowed by default,
       * but that can be changed with key/value pairs through the headers parameter with
       * "android-allow-cross-domain-redirect" as the key and "0" or "1" as the value to
       * disallow or allow cross domain redirection.
       *
       * @param context the Context to use when resolving the Uri
       * @param uri the Content URI of the data you want to play
       * @param headers the headers to be sent together with the request for the data
       *                The headers must not include cookies. Instead, use the cookies param.
       * @param cookies the cookies to be sent together with the request
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if cookies are provided and the installed handler is not
       *                                  a CookieManager
       * @throws IllegalStateException    if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws NullPointerException     if context or uri is null
       * @throws IOException              if uri has a file scheme and an I/O error occurs
       */
      public void setDataSource(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Uri uri,
              @Nullable Map<String, String> headers, @Nullable List<HttpCookie> cookies)
              throws IOException {
          if (context == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("context param can not be null.");
          }
  
          if (uri == null) {
              throw new NullPointerException("uri param can not be null.");
          }
  
          if (cookies != null) {
              CookieHandler cookieHandler = CookieHandler.getDefault();
              if (cookieHandler != null && !(cookieHandler instanceof CookieManager)) {
                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("The cookie handler has to be of CookieManager "
                          + "type when cookies are provided.");
              }
          }
  
          // The context and URI usually belong to the calling user. Get a resolver for that user
          // and strip out the userId from the URI if present.
          final ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
          final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
          final String authority = ContentProvider.getAuthorityWithoutUserId(uri.getAuthority());
          if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
              setDataSource(uri.getPath());
              return;
          } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)
                  && Settings.AUTHORITY.equals(authority)) {
              // Try cached ringtone first since the actual provider may not be
              // encryption aware, or it may be stored on CE media storage
              final int type = RingtoneManager.getDefaultType(uri);
              final Uri cacheUri = RingtoneManager.getCacheForType(type, context.getUserId());
              final Uri actualUri = RingtoneManager.getActualDefaultRingtoneUri(context, type);
              if (attemptDataSource(resolver, cacheUri)) {
                  return;
              } else if (attemptDataSource(resolver, actualUri)) {
                  return;
              } else {
                  setDataSource(uri.toString(), headers, cookies);
              }
          } else {
              // Try requested Uri locally first, or fallback to media server
              if (attemptDataSource(resolver, uri)) {
                  return;
              } else {
                  setDataSource(uri.toString(), headers, cookies);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source as a content Uri.
       *
       * <p><strong>Note</strong> that the cross domain redirection is allowed by default,
       * but that can be changed with key/value pairs through the headers parameter with
       * "android-allow-cross-domain-redirect" as the key and "0" or "1" as the value to
       * disallow or allow cross domain redirection.
       *
       * @param context the Context to use when resolving the Uri
       * @param uri the Content URI of the data you want to play
       * @param headers the headers to be sent together with the request for the data
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public void setDataSource(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Uri uri,
              @Nullable Map<String, String> headers)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {
          setDataSource(context, uri, headers, null);
      }
  
      private boolean attemptDataSource(ContentResolver resolver, Uri uri) {
          try (AssetFileDescriptor afd = resolver.openAssetFileDescriptor(uri, "r")) {
              setDataSource(afd);
              return true;
          } catch (NullPointerException | SecurityException | IOException ex) {
              Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't open " + (uri == null ? "null uri" : uri.toSafeString()), ex);
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (file-path or http/rtsp URL) to use.
       *
       * <p>When <code>path</code> refers to a local file, the file may actually be opened by a
       * process other than the calling application.  This implies that the pathname
       * should be an absolute path (as any other process runs with unspecified current working
       * directory), and that the pathname should reference a world-readable file.
       * As an alternative, the application could first open the file for reading,
       * and then use the file descriptor form {@link #setDataSource(FileDescriptor)}.
       *
       * @param path the path of the file, or the http/rtsp URL of the stream you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public void setDataSource(String path)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {
          setDataSource(path, null, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (file-path or http/rtsp URL) to use.
       *
       * @param path the path of the file, or the http/rtsp URL of the stream you want to play
       * @param headers the headers associated with the http request for the stream you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @hide pending API council
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public void setDataSource(String path, Map<String, String> headers)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {
          setDataSource(path, headers, null);
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private void setDataSource(String path, Map<String, String> headers, List<HttpCookie> cookies)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException
      {
          String[] keys = null;
          String[] values = null;
  
          if (headers != null) {
              keys = new String[headers.size()];
              values = new String[headers.size()];
  
              int i = 0;
              for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: headers.entrySet()) {
                  keys[i] = entry.getKey();
                  values[i] = entry.getValue();
                  ++i;
              }
          }
          setDataSource(path, keys, values, cookies);
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private void setDataSource(String path, String[] keys, String[] values,
              List<HttpCookie> cookies)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {
          final Uri uri = Uri.parse(path);
          final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
          if ("file".equals(scheme)) {
              path = uri.getPath();
          } else if (scheme != null) {
              // handle non-file sources
              nativeSetDataSource(
                  MediaHTTPService.createHttpServiceBinderIfNecessary(path, cookies),
                  path,
                  keys,
                  values);
              return;
          }
  
          final File file = new File(path);
          try (FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file)) {
              setDataSource(is.getFD());
          }
      }
  
      private native void nativeSetDataSource(
          IBinder httpServiceBinder, String path, String[] keys, String[] values)
          throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (AssetFileDescriptor) to use. It is the caller's
       * responsibility to close the file descriptor. It is safe to do so as soon
       * as this call returns.
       *
       * @param afd the AssetFileDescriptor for the file you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if afd is not a valid AssetFileDescriptor
       * @throws IOException if afd can not be read
       */
      public void setDataSource(@NonNull AssetFileDescriptor afd)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          Preconditions.checkNotNull(afd);
          // Note: using getDeclaredLength so that our behavior is the same
          // as previous versions when the content provider is returning
          // a full file.
          if (afd.getDeclaredLength() < 0) {
              setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor());
          } else {
              setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor(), afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getDeclaredLength());
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (FileDescriptor) to use. It is the caller's responsibility
       * to close the file descriptor. It is safe to do so as soon as this call returns.
       *
       * @param fd the FileDescriptor for the file you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if fd is not a valid FileDescriptor
       * @throws IOException if fd can not be read
       */
      public void setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          // intentionally less than LONG_MAX
          setDataSource(fd, 0, 0x7ffffffffffffffL);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (FileDescriptor) to use.  The FileDescriptor must be
       * seekable (N.B. a LocalSocket is not seekable). It is the caller's responsibility
       * to close the file descriptor. It is safe to do so as soon as this call returns.
       *
       * @param fd the FileDescriptor for the file you want to play
       * @param offset the offset into the file where the data to be played starts, in bytes
       * @param length the length in bytes of the data to be played
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if fd is not a valid FileDescriptor
       * @throws IOException if fd can not be read
       */
      public void setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd, long offset, long length)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          _setDataSource(fd, offset, length);
      }
  
      private native void _setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd, long offset, long length)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Sets the data source (MediaDataSource) to use.
       *
       * @param dataSource the MediaDataSource for the media you want to play
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if dataSource is not a valid MediaDataSource
       */
      public void setDataSource(MediaDataSource dataSource)
              throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          _setDataSource(dataSource);
      }
  
      private native void _setDataSource(MediaDataSource dataSource)
            throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Prepares the player for playback, synchronously.
       *
       * After setting the datasource and the display surface, you need to either
       * call prepare() or prepareAsync(). For files, it is OK to call prepare(),
       * which blocks until MediaPlayer is ready for playback.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public void prepare() throws IOException, IllegalStateException {
          _prepare();
          scanInternalSubtitleTracks();
  
          // DrmInfo, if any, has been resolved by now.
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              mDrmInfoResolved = true;
          }
      }
  
      private native void _prepare() throws IOException, IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Prepares the player for playback, asynchronously.
       *
       * After setting the datasource and the display surface, you need to either
       * call prepare() or prepareAsync(). For streams, you should call prepareAsync(),
       * which returns immediately, rather than blocking until enough data has been
       * buffered.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public native void prepareAsync() throws IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Starts or resumes playback. If playback had previously been paused,
       * playback will continue from where it was paused. If playback had
       * been stopped, or never started before, playback will start at the
       * beginning.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public void start() throws IllegalStateException {
          //FIXME use lambda to pass startImpl to superclass
          final int delay = getStartDelayMs();
          if (delay == 0) {
              startImpl();
          } else {
              new Thread() {
                  public void run() {
                      try {
                          Thread.sleep(delay);
                      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                      baseSetStartDelayMs(0);
                      try {
                          startImpl();
                      } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                          // fail silently for a state exception when it is happening after
                          // a delayed start, as the player state could have changed between the
                          // call to start() and the execution of startImpl()
                      }
                  }
              }.start();
          }
      }
  
      private void startImpl() {
          baseStart();
          stayAwake(true);
          _start();
      }
  
      private native void _start() throws IllegalStateException;
  
  
      private int getAudioStreamType() {
          if (mStreamType == AudioManager.USE_DEFAULT_STREAM_TYPE) {
              mStreamType = _getAudioStreamType();
          }
          return mStreamType;
      }
  
      private native int _getAudioStreamType() throws IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Stops playback after playback has been started or paused.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       */
      public void stop() throws IllegalStateException {
          stayAwake(false);
          _stop();
          baseStop();
      }
  
      private native void _stop() throws IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Pauses playback. Call start() to resume.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       */
      public void pause() throws IllegalStateException {
          stayAwake(false);
          _pause();
          basePause();
      }
  
      private native void _pause() throws IllegalStateException;
  
      @Override
      void playerStart() {
          start();
      }
  
      @Override
      void playerPause() {
          pause();
      }
  
      @Override
      void playerStop() {
          stop();
      }
  
      @Override
      /* package */ int playerApplyVolumeShaper(
              @NonNull VolumeShaper.Configuration configuration,
              @NonNull VolumeShaper.Operation operation) {
          return native_applyVolumeShaper(configuration, operation);
      }
  
      @Override
      /* package */ @Nullable VolumeShaper.State playerGetVolumeShaperState(int id) {
          return native_getVolumeShaperState(id);
      }
  
      @Override
      public @NonNull VolumeShaper createVolumeShaper(
              @NonNull VolumeShaper.Configuration configuration) {
          return new VolumeShaper(configuration, this);
      }
  
      private native int native_applyVolumeShaper(
              @NonNull VolumeShaper.Configuration configuration,
              @NonNull VolumeShaper.Operation operation);
  
      private native @Nullable VolumeShaper.State native_getVolumeShaperState(int id);
  
      //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Explicit Routing
      //--------------------
      private AudioDeviceInfo mPreferredDevice = null;
  
      /**
       * Specifies an audio device (via an {@link AudioDeviceInfo} object) to route
       * the output from this MediaPlayer.
       * @param deviceInfo The {@link AudioDeviceInfo} specifying the audio sink or source.
       *  If deviceInfo is null, default routing is restored.
       * @return true if succesful, false if the specified {@link AudioDeviceInfo} is non-null and
       * does not correspond to a valid audio device.
       */
      @Override
      public boolean setPreferredDevice(AudioDeviceInfo deviceInfo) {
          if (deviceInfo != null && !deviceInfo.isSink()) {
              return false;
          }
          int preferredDeviceId = deviceInfo != null ? deviceInfo.getId() : 0;
          boolean status = native_setOutputDevice(preferredDeviceId);
          if (status == true) {
              synchronized (this) {
                  mPreferredDevice = deviceInfo;
              }
          }
          return status;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the selected output specified by {@link #setPreferredDevice}. Note that this
       * is not guaranteed to correspond to the actual device being used for playback.
       */
      @Override
      public AudioDeviceInfo getPreferredDevice() {
          synchronized (this) {
              return mPreferredDevice;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns an {@link AudioDeviceInfo} identifying the current routing of this MediaPlayer
       * Note: The query is only valid if the MediaPlayer is currently playing.
       * If the player is not playing, the returned device can be null or correspond to previously
       * selected device when the player was last active.
       */
      @Override
      public AudioDeviceInfo getRoutedDevice() {
          int deviceId = native_getRoutedDeviceId();
          if (deviceId == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          AudioDeviceInfo[] devices =
                  AudioManager.getDevicesStatic(AudioManager.GET_DEVICES_OUTPUTS);
          for (int i = 0; i < devices.length; i++) {
              if (devices[i].getId() == deviceId) {
                  return devices[i];
              }
          }
          return null;
      }
  
      /*
       * Call BEFORE adding a routing callback handler or AFTER removing a routing callback handler.
       */
      @GuardedBy("mRoutingChangeListeners")
      private void enableNativeRoutingCallbacksLocked(boolean enabled) {
          if (mRoutingChangeListeners.size() == 0) {
              native_enableDeviceCallback(enabled);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * The list of AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener interfaces added (with
       * {@link #addOnRoutingChangedListener(android.media.AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener, Handler)}
       * by an app to receive (re)routing notifications.
       */
      @GuardedBy("mRoutingChangeListeners")
      private ArrayMap<AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener,
              NativeRoutingEventHandlerDelegate> mRoutingChangeListeners = new ArrayMap<>();
  
      /**
       * Adds an {@link AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener} to receive notifications of routing
       * changes on this MediaPlayer.
       * @param listener The {@link AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener} interface to receive
       * notifications of rerouting events.
       * @param handler  Specifies the {@link Handler} object for the thread on which to execute
       * the callback. If <code>null</code>, the handler on the main looper will be used.
       */
      @Override
      public void addOnRoutingChangedListener(AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener listener,
              Handler handler) {
          synchronized (mRoutingChangeListeners) {
              if (listener != null && !mRoutingChangeListeners.containsKey(listener)) {
                  enableNativeRoutingCallbacksLocked(true);
                  mRoutingChangeListeners.put(
                          listener, new NativeRoutingEventHandlerDelegate(this, listener,
                                  handler != null ? handler : mEventHandler));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes an {@link AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener} which has been previously added
       * to receive rerouting notifications.
       * @param listener The previously added {@link AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener} interface
       * to remove.
       */
      @Override
      public void removeOnRoutingChangedListener(AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener listener) {
          synchronized (mRoutingChangeListeners) {
              if (mRoutingChangeListeners.containsKey(listener)) {
                  mRoutingChangeListeners.remove(listener);
                  enableNativeRoutingCallbacksLocked(false);
              }
          }
      }
  
      private native final boolean native_setOutputDevice(int deviceId);
      private native final int native_getRoutedDeviceId();
      private native final void native_enableDeviceCallback(boolean enabled);
  
      /**
       * Set the low-level power management behavior for this MediaPlayer.  This
       * can be used when the MediaPlayer is not playing through a SurfaceHolder
       * set with {@link #setDisplay(SurfaceHolder)} and thus can use the
       * high-level {@link #setScreenOnWhilePlaying(boolean)} feature.
       *
       * <p>This function has the MediaPlayer access the low-level power manager
       * service to control the device's power usage while playing is occurring.
       * The parameter is a combination of {@link android.os.PowerManager} wake flags.
       * Use of this method requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#WAKE_LOCK}
       * permission.
       * By default, no attempt is made to keep the device awake during playback.
       *
       * @param context the Context to use
       * @param mode    the power/wake mode to set
       * @see android.os.PowerManager
       */
      public void setWakeMode(Context context, int mode) {
          boolean washeld = false;
  
          /* Disable persistant wakelocks in media player based on property */
          if (SystemProperties.getBoolean("audio.offload.ignore_setawake", false) == true) {
              Log.w(TAG, "IGNORING setWakeMode " + mode);
              return;
          }
  
          if (mWakeLock != null) {
              if (mWakeLock.isHeld()) {
                  washeld = true;
                  mWakeLock.release();
              }
              mWakeLock = null;
          }
  
          PowerManager pm = (PowerManager)context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
          mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(mode|PowerManager.ON_AFTER_RELEASE, MediaPlayer.class.getName());
          mWakeLock.setReferenceCounted(false);
          if (washeld) {
              mWakeLock.acquire();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Control whether we should use the attached SurfaceHolder to keep the
       * screen on while video playback is occurring.  This is the preferred
       * method over {@link #setWakeMode} where possible, since it doesn't
       * require that the application have permission for low-level wake lock
       * access.
       *
       * @param screenOn Supply true to keep the screen on, false to allow it
       * to turn off.
       */
      public void setScreenOnWhilePlaying(boolean screenOn) {
          if (mScreenOnWhilePlaying != screenOn) {
              if (screenOn && mSurfaceHolder == null) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "setScreenOnWhilePlaying(true) is ineffective without a SurfaceHolder");
              }
              mScreenOnWhilePlaying = screenOn;
              updateSurfaceScreenOn();
          }
      }
  
      private void stayAwake(boolean awake) {
          if (mWakeLock != null) {
              if (awake && !mWakeLock.isHeld()) {
                  mWakeLock.acquire();
              } else if (!awake && mWakeLock.isHeld()) {
                  mWakeLock.release();
              }
          }
          mStayAwake = awake;
          updateSurfaceScreenOn();
      }
  
      private void updateSurfaceScreenOn() {
          if (mSurfaceHolder != null) {
              mSurfaceHolder.setKeepScreenOn(mScreenOnWhilePlaying && mStayAwake);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the width of the video.
       *
       * @return the width of the video, or 0 if there is no video,
       * no display surface was set, or the width has not been determined
       * yet. The OnVideoSizeChangedListener can be registered via
       * {@link #setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(OnVideoSizeChangedListener)}
       * to provide a notification when the width is available.
       */
      public native int getVideoWidth();
  
      /**
       * Returns the height of the video.
       *
       * @return the height of the video, or 0 if there is no video,
       * no display surface was set, or the height has not been determined
       * yet. The OnVideoSizeChangedListener can be registered via
       * {@link #setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(OnVideoSizeChangedListener)}
       * to provide a notification when the height is available.
       */
      public native int getVideoHeight();
  
      /**
       * Return Metrics data about the current player.
       *
       * @return a {@link PersistableBundle} containing the set of attributes and values
       * available for the media being handled by this instance of MediaPlayer
       * The attributes are descibed in {@link MetricsConstants}.
       *
       *  Additional vendor-specific fields may also be present in
       *  the return value.
       */
      public PersistableBundle getMetrics() {
          PersistableBundle bundle = native_getMetrics();
          return bundle;
      }
  
      private native PersistableBundle native_getMetrics();
  
      /**
       * Checks whether the MediaPlayer is playing.
       *
       * @return true if currently playing, false otherwise
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized or has been released.
       */
      public native boolean isPlaying();
  
      /**
       * Change playback speed of audio by resampling the audio.
       * <p>
       * Specifies resampling as audio mode for variable rate playback, i.e.,
       * resample the waveform based on the requested playback rate to get
       * a new waveform, and play back the new waveform at the original sampling
       * frequency.
       * When rate is larger than 1.0, pitch becomes higher.
       * When rate is smaller than 1.0, pitch becomes lower.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public static final int PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_RESAMPLE = 2;
  
      /**
       * Change playback speed of audio without changing its pitch.
       * <p>
       * Specifies time stretching as audio mode for variable rate playback.
       * Time stretching changes the duration of the audio samples without
       * affecting its pitch.
       * <p>
       * This mode is only supported for a limited range of playback speed factors,
       * e.g. between 1/2x and 2x.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public static final int PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_STRETCH = 1;
  
      /**
       * Change playback speed of audio without changing its pitch, and
       * possibly mute audio if time stretching is not supported for the playback
       * speed.
       * <p>
       * Try to keep audio pitch when changing the playback rate, but allow the
       * system to determine how to change audio playback if the rate is out
       * of range.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      public static final int PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_DEFAULT = 0;
  
      /** @hide */
      @IntDef(
          value = {
              PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_DEFAULT,
              PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_STRETCH,
              PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_RESAMPLE,
      })
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
      public @interface PlaybackRateAudioMode {}
  
      /**
       * Sets playback rate and audio mode.
       *
       * @param rate the ratio between desired playback rate and normal one.
       * @param audioMode audio playback mode. Must be one of the supported
       * audio modes.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if audioMode is not supported.
       *
       * @hide
       */
      @NonNull
      public PlaybackParams easyPlaybackParams(float rate, @PlaybackRateAudioMode int audioMode) {
          PlaybackParams params = new PlaybackParams();
          params.allowDefaults();
          switch (audioMode) {
          case PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_DEFAULT:
              params.setSpeed(rate).setPitch(1.0f);
              break;
          case PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_STRETCH:
              params.setSpeed(rate).setPitch(1.0f)
                      .setAudioFallbackMode(params.AUDIO_FALLBACK_MODE_FAIL);
              break;
          case PLAYBACK_RATE_AUDIO_MODE_RESAMPLE:
              params.setSpeed(rate).setPitch(rate);
              break;
          default:
              final String msg = "Audio playback mode " + audioMode + " is not supported";
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
          }
          return params;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets playback rate using {@link PlaybackParams}. The object sets its internal
       * PlaybackParams to the input, except that the object remembers previous speed
       * when input speed is zero. This allows the object to resume at previous speed
       * when start() is called. Calling it before the object is prepared does not change
       * the object state. After the object is prepared, calling it with zero speed is
       * equivalent to calling pause(). After the object is prepared, calling it with
       * non-zero speed is equivalent to calling start().
       *
       * @param params the playback params.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized or has been released.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if params is not supported.
       */
      public native void setPlaybackParams(@NonNull PlaybackParams params);
  
      /**
       * Gets the playback params, containing the current playback rate.
       *
       * @return the playback params.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       */
      @NonNull
      public native PlaybackParams getPlaybackParams();
  
      /**
       * Sets A/V sync mode.
       *
       * @param params the A/V sync params to apply
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if params are not supported.
       */
      public native void setSyncParams(@NonNull SyncParams params);
  
      /**
       * Gets the A/V sync mode.
       *
       * @return the A/V sync params
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized.
       */
      @NonNull
      public native SyncParams getSyncParams();
  
      /**
       * Seek modes used in method seekTo(long, int) to move media position
       * to a specified location.
       *
       * Do not change these mode values without updating their counterparts
       * in include/media/IMediaSource.h!
       */
      /**
       * This mode is used with {@link #seekTo(long, int)} to move media position to
       * a sync (or key) frame associated with a data source that is located
       * right before or at the given time.
       *
       * @see #seekTo(long, int)
       */
      public static final int SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC    = 0x00;
      /**
       * This mode is used with {@link #seekTo(long, int)} to move media position to
       * a sync (or key) frame associated with a data source that is located
       * right after or at the given time.
       *
       * @see #seekTo(long, int)
       */
      public static final int SEEK_NEXT_SYNC        = 0x01;
      /**
       * This mode is used with {@link #seekTo(long, int)} to move media position to
       * a sync (or key) frame associated with a data source that is located
       * closest to (in time) or at the given time.
       *
       * @see #seekTo(long, int)
       */
      public static final int SEEK_CLOSEST_SYNC     = 0x02;
      /**
       * This mode is used with {@link #seekTo(long, int)} to move media position to
       * a frame (not necessarily a key frame) associated with a data source that
       * is located closest to or at the given time.
       *
       * @see #seekTo(long, int)
       */
      public static final int SEEK_CLOSEST          = 0x03;
  
      /** @hide */
      @IntDef(
          value = {
              SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC,
              SEEK_NEXT_SYNC,
              SEEK_CLOSEST_SYNC,
              SEEK_CLOSEST,
      })
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
      public @interface SeekMode {}
  
      private native final void _seekTo(long msec, int mode);
  
      /**
       * Moves the media to specified time position by considering the given mode.
       * <p>
       * When seekTo is finished, the user will be notified via OnSeekComplete supplied by the user.
       * There is at most one active seekTo processed at any time. If there is a to-be-completed
       * seekTo, new seekTo requests will be queued in such a way that only the last request
       * is kept. When current seekTo is completed, the queued request will be processed if
       * that request is different from just-finished seekTo operation, i.e., the requested
       * position or mode is different.
       *
       * @param msec the offset in milliseconds from the start to seek to.
       * When seeking to the given time position, there is no guarantee that the data source
       * has a frame located at the position. When this happens, a frame nearby will be rendered.
       * If msec is negative, time position zero will be used.
       * If msec is larger than duration, duration will be used.
       * @param mode the mode indicating where exactly to seek to.
       * Use {@link #SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC} if one wants to seek to a sync frame
       * that has a timestamp earlier than or the same as msec. Use
       * {@link #SEEK_NEXT_SYNC} if one wants to seek to a sync frame
       * that has a timestamp later than or the same as msec. Use
       * {@link #SEEK_CLOSEST_SYNC} if one wants to seek to a sync frame
       * that has a timestamp closest to or the same as msec. Use
       * {@link #SEEK_CLOSEST} if one wants to seek to a frame that may
       * or may not be a sync frame but is closest to or the same as msec.
       * {@link #SEEK_CLOSEST} often has larger performance overhead compared
       * to the other options if there is no sync frame located at msec.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the mode is invalid.
       */
      public void seekTo(long msec, @SeekMode int mode) {
          if (mode < SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC || mode > SEEK_CLOSEST) {
              final String msg = "Illegal seek mode: " + mode;
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
          }
          // TODO: pass long to native, instead of truncating here.
          if (msec > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
              Log.w(TAG, "seekTo offset " + msec + " is too large, cap to " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
              msec = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
          } else if (msec < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
              Log.w(TAG, "seekTo offset " + msec + " is too small, cap to " + Integer.MIN_VALUE);
              msec = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
          }
          _seekTo(msec, mode);
      }
  
      /**
       * Seeks to specified time position.
       * Same as {@link #seekTo(long, int)} with {@code mode = SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC}.
       *
       * @param msec the offset in milliseconds from the start to seek to
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the internal player engine has not been
       * initialized
       */
      public void seekTo(int msec) throws IllegalStateException {
          seekTo(msec, SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC /* mode */);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get current playback position as a {@link MediaTimestamp}.
       * <p>
       * The MediaTimestamp represents how the media time correlates to the system time in
       * a linear fashion using an anchor and a clock rate. During regular playback, the media
       * time moves fairly constantly (though the anchor frame may be rebased to a current
       * system time, the linear correlation stays steady). Therefore, this method does not
       * need to be called often.
       * <p>
       * To help users get current playback position, this method always anchors the timestamp
       * to the current {@link System#nanoTime system time}, so
       * {@link MediaTimestamp#getAnchorMediaTimeUs} can be used as current playback position.
       *
       * @return a MediaTimestamp object if a timestamp is available, or {@code null} if no timestamp
       *         is available, e.g. because the media player has not been initialized.
       *
       * @see MediaTimestamp
       */
      @Nullable
      public MediaTimestamp getTimestamp()
      {
          try {
              // TODO: get the timestamp from native side
              return new MediaTimestamp(
                      getCurrentPosition() * 1000L,
                      System.nanoTime(),
                      isPlaying() ? getPlaybackParams().getSpeed() : 0.f);
          } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
              return null;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the current playback position.
       *
       * @return the current position in milliseconds
       */
      public native int getCurrentPosition();
  
      /**
       * Gets the duration of the file.
       *
       * @return the duration in milliseconds, if no duration is available
       *         (for example, if streaming live content), -1 is returned.
       */
      public native int getDuration();
  
      /**
       * Gets the media metadata.
       *
       * @param update_only controls whether the full set of available
       * metadata is returned or just the set that changed since the
       * last call. See {@see #METADATA_UPDATE_ONLY} and {@see
       * #METADATA_ALL}.
       *
       * @param apply_filter if true only metadata that matches the
       * filter is returned. See {@see #APPLY_METADATA_FILTER} and {@see
       * #BYPASS_METADATA_FILTER}.
       *
       * @return The metadata, possibly empty. null if an error occured.
       // FIXME: unhide.
       * {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public Metadata getMetadata(final boolean update_only,
                                  final boolean apply_filter) {
          Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
          Metadata data = new Metadata();
  
          if (!native_getMetadata(update_only, apply_filter, reply)) {
              reply.recycle();
              return null;
          }
  
          // Metadata takes over the parcel, don't recycle it unless
          // there is an error.
          if (!data.parse(reply)) {
              reply.recycle();
              return null;
          }
          return data;
      }
  
      /**
       * Set a filter for the metadata update notification and update
       * retrieval. The caller provides 2 set of metadata keys, allowed
       * and blocked. The blocked set always takes precedence over the
       * allowed one.
       * Metadata.MATCH_ALL and Metadata.MATCH_NONE are 2 sets available as
       * shorthands to allow/block all or no metadata.
       *
       * By default, there is no filter set.
       *
       * @param allow Is the set of metadata the client is interested
       *              in receiving new notifications for.
       * @param block Is the set of metadata the client is not interested
       *              in receiving new notifications for.
       * @return The call status code.
       *
       // FIXME: unhide.
       * {@hide}
       */
      public int setMetadataFilter(Set<Integer> allow, Set<Integer> block) {
          // Do our serialization manually instead of calling
          // Parcel.writeArray since the sets are made of the same type
          // we avoid paying the price of calling writeValue (used by
          // writeArray) which burns an extra int per element to encode
          // the type.
          Parcel request =  newRequest();
  
          // The parcel starts already with an interface token. There
          // are 2 filters. Each one starts with a 4bytes number to
          // store the len followed by a number of int (4 bytes as well)
          // representing the metadata type.
          int capacity = request.dataSize() + 4 * (1 + allow.size() + 1 + block.size());
  
          if (request.dataCapacity() < capacity) {
              request.setDataCapacity(capacity);
          }
  
          request.writeInt(allow.size());
          for(Integer t: allow) {
              request.writeInt(t);
          }
          request.writeInt(block.size());
          for(Integer t: block) {
              request.writeInt(t);
          }
          return native_setMetadataFilter(request);
      }
  
      /**
       * Set the MediaPlayer to start when this MediaPlayer finishes playback
       * (i.e. reaches the end of the stream).
       * The media framework will attempt to transition from this player to
       * the next as seamlessly as possible. The next player can be set at
       * any time before completion, but shall be after setDataSource has been
       * called successfully. The next player must be prepared by the
       * app, and the application should not call start() on it.
       * The next MediaPlayer must be different from 'this'. An exception
       * will be thrown if next == this.
       * The application may call setNextMediaPlayer(null) to indicate no
       * next player should be started at the end of playback.
       * If the current player is looping, it will keep looping and the next
       * player will not be started.
       *
       * @param next the player to start after this one completes playback.
       *
       */
      public native void setNextMediaPlayer(MediaPlayer next);
  
      /**
       * Releases resources associated with this MediaPlayer object.
       * It is considered good practice to call this method when you're
       * done using the MediaPlayer. In particular, whenever an Activity
       * of an application is paused (its onPause() method is called),
       * or stopped (its onStop() method is called), this method should be
       * invoked to release the MediaPlayer object, unless the application
       * has a special need to keep the object around. In addition to
       * unnecessary resources (such as memory and instances of codecs)
       * being held, failure to call this method immediately if a
       * MediaPlayer object is no longer needed may also lead to
       * continuous battery consumption for mobile devices, and playback
       * failure for other applications if no multiple instances of the
       * same codec are supported on a device. Even if multiple instances
       * of the same codec are supported, some performance degradation
       * may be expected when unnecessary multiple instances are used
       * at the same time.
       */
      public void release() {
          baseRelease();
          stayAwake(false);
          updateSurfaceScreenOn();
          mOnPreparedListener = null;
          mOnBufferingUpdateListener = null;
          mOnCompletionListener = null;
          mOnSeekCompleteListener = null;
          mOnErrorListener = null;
          mOnInfoListener = null;
          mOnVideoSizeChangedListener = null;
          mOnTimedTextListener = null;
          synchronized (mTimeProviderLock) {
              if (mTimeProvider != null) {
                  mTimeProvider.close();
                  mTimeProvider = null;
              }
          }
          synchronized(this) {
              mSubtitleDataListenerDisabled = false;
              mExtSubtitleDataListener = null;
              mExtSubtitleDataHandler = null;
              mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener = null;
              mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityHandler = null;
          }
  
          // Modular DRM clean up
          mOnDrmConfigHelper = null;
          mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate = null;
          mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = null;
          resetDrmState();
  
          _release();
      }
  
      private native void _release();
  
      /**
       * Resets the MediaPlayer to its uninitialized state. After calling
       * this method, you will have to initialize it again by setting the
       * data source and calling prepare().
       */
      public void reset() {
          mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex = -1;
          synchronized(mOpenSubtitleSources) {
              for (final InputStream is: mOpenSubtitleSources) {
                  try {
                      is.close();
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                  }
              }
              mOpenSubtitleSources.clear();
          }
          if (mSubtitleController != null) {
              mSubtitleController.reset();
          }
          synchronized (mTimeProviderLock) {
              if (mTimeProvider != null) {
                  mTimeProvider.close();
                  mTimeProvider = null;
              }
          }
  
          stayAwake(false);
          _reset();
          // make sure none of the listeners get called anymore
          if (mEventHandler != null) {
              mEventHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
          }
  
          synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
              mIndexTrackPairs.clear();
              mInbandTrackIndices.clear();
          };
  
          resetDrmState();
      }
  
      private native void _reset();
  
      /**
       * Set up a timer for {@link #TimeProvider}. {@link #TimeProvider} will be
       * notified when the presentation time reaches (becomes greater than or equal to)
       * the value specified.
       *
       * @param mediaTimeUs presentation time to get timed event callback at
       * @hide
       */
      public void notifyAt(long mediaTimeUs) {
          _notifyAt(mediaTimeUs);
      }
  
      private native void _notifyAt(long mediaTimeUs);
  
      /**
       * Sets the audio stream type for this MediaPlayer. See {@link AudioManager}
       * for a list of stream types. Must call this method before prepare() or
       * prepareAsync() in order for the target stream type to become effective
       * thereafter.
       *
       * @param streamtype the audio stream type
       * @deprecated use {@link #setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes)}
       * @see android.media.AudioManager
       */
      public void setAudioStreamType(int streamtype) {
          deprecateStreamTypeForPlayback(streamtype, "MediaPlayer", "setAudioStreamType()");
          baseUpdateAudioAttributes(
                  new AudioAttributes.Builder().setInternalLegacyStreamType(streamtype).build());
          _setAudioStreamType(streamtype);
          mStreamType = streamtype;
      }
  
      private native void _setAudioStreamType(int streamtype);
  
      // Keep KEY_PARAMETER_* in sync with include/media/mediaplayer.h
      private final static int KEY_PARAMETER_AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES = 1400;
      /**
       * Sets the parameter indicated by key.
       * @param key key indicates the parameter to be set.
       * @param value value of the parameter to be set.
       * @return true if the parameter is set successfully, false otherwise
       * {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private native boolean setParameter(int key, Parcel value);
  
      /**
       * Sets the audio attributes for this MediaPlayer.
       * See {@link AudioAttributes} for how to build and configure an instance of this class.
       * You must call this method before {@link #prepare()} or {@link #prepareAsync()} in order
       * for the audio attributes to become effective thereafter.
       * @param attributes a non-null set of audio attributes
       */
      public void setAudioAttributes(AudioAttributes attributes) throws IllegalArgumentException {
          if (attributes == null) {
              final String msg = "Cannot set AudioAttributes to null";
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
          }
          baseUpdateAudioAttributes(attributes);
          mUsage = attributes.getUsage();
          Parcel pattributes = Parcel.obtain();
          attributes.writeToParcel(pattributes, AudioAttributes.FLATTEN_TAGS);
          setParameter(KEY_PARAMETER_AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES, pattributes);
          pattributes.recycle();
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the player to be looping or non-looping.
       *
       * @param looping whether to loop or not
       */
      public native void setLooping(boolean looping);
  
      /**
       * Checks whether the MediaPlayer is looping or non-looping.
       *
       * @return true if the MediaPlayer is currently looping, false otherwise
       */
      public native boolean isLooping();
  
      /**
       * Sets the volume on this player.
       * This API is recommended for balancing the output of audio streams
       * within an application. Unless you are writing an application to
       * control user settings, this API should be used in preference to
       * {@link AudioManager#setStreamVolume(int, int, int)} which sets the volume of ALL streams of
       * a particular type. Note that the passed volume values are raw scalars in range 0.0 to 1.0.
       * UI controls should be scaled logarithmically.
       *
       * @param leftVolume left volume scalar
       * @param rightVolume right volume scalar
       */
      /*
       * FIXME: Merge this into javadoc comment above when setVolume(float) is not @hide.
       * The single parameter form below is preferred if the channel volumes don't need
       * to be set independently.
       */
      public void setVolume(float leftVolume, float rightVolume) {
          baseSetVolume(leftVolume, rightVolume);
      }
  
      @Override
      void playerSetVolume(boolean muting, float leftVolume, float rightVolume) {
          _setVolume(muting ? 0.0f : leftVolume, muting ? 0.0f : rightVolume);
      }
  
      private native void _setVolume(float leftVolume, float rightVolume);
  
      /**
       * Similar, excepts sets volume of all channels to same value.
       * @hide
       */
      public void setVolume(float volume) {
          setVolume(volume, volume);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the audio session ID.
       *
       * @param sessionId the audio session ID.
       * The audio session ID is a system wide unique identifier for the audio stream played by
       * this MediaPlayer instance.
       * The primary use of the audio session ID  is to associate audio effects to a particular
       * instance of MediaPlayer: if an audio session ID is provided when creating an audio effect,
       * this effect will be applied only to the audio content of media players within the same
       * audio session and not to the output mix.
       * When created, a MediaPlayer instance automatically generates its own audio session ID.
       * However, it is possible to force this player to be part of an already existing audio session
       * by calling this method.
       * This method must be called before one of the overloaded <code> setDataSource </code> methods.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       */
      public native void setAudioSessionId(int sessionId)  throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException;
  
      /**
       * Returns the audio session ID.
       *
       * @return the audio session ID. {@see #setAudioSessionId(int)}
       * Note that the audio session ID is 0 only if a problem occured when the MediaPlayer was contructed.
       */
      public native int getAudioSessionId();
  
      /**
       * Attaches an auxiliary effect to the player. A typical auxiliary effect is a reverberation
       * effect which can be applied on any sound source that directs a certain amount of its
       * energy to this effect. This amount is defined by setAuxEffectSendLevel().
       * See {@link #setAuxEffectSendLevel(float)}.
       * <p>After creating an auxiliary effect (e.g.
       * {@link android.media.audiofx.EnvironmentalReverb}), retrieve its ID with
       * {@link android.media.audiofx.AudioEffect#getId()} and use it when calling this method
       * to attach the player to the effect.
       * <p>To detach the effect from the player, call this method with a null effect id.
       * <p>This method must be called after one of the overloaded <code> setDataSource </code>
       * methods.
       * @param effectId system wide unique id of the effect to attach
       */
      public native void attachAuxEffect(int effectId);
  
  
      /**
       * Sets the send level of the player to the attached auxiliary effect.
       * See {@link #attachAuxEffect(int)}. The level value range is 0 to 1.0.
       * <p>By default the send level is 0, so even if an effect is attached to the player
       * this method must be called for the effect to be applied.
       * <p>Note that the passed level value is a raw scalar. UI controls should be scaled
       * logarithmically: the gain applied by audio framework ranges from -72dB to 0dB,
       * so an appropriate conversion from linear UI input x to level is:
       * x == 0 -> level = 0
       * 0 < x <= R -> level = 10^(72*(x-R)/20/R)
       * @param level send level scalar
       */
      public void setAuxEffectSendLevel(float level) {
          baseSetAuxEffectSendLevel(level);
      }
  
      @Override
      int playerSetAuxEffectSendLevel(boolean muting, float level) {
          _setAuxEffectSendLevel(muting ? 0.0f : level);
          return AudioSystem.SUCCESS;
      }
  
      private native void _setAuxEffectSendLevel(float level);
  
      /*
       * @param request Parcel destinated to the media player. The
       *                Interface token must be set to the IMediaPlayer
       *                one to be routed correctly through the system.
       * @param reply[out] Parcel that will contain the reply.
       * @return The status code.
       */
      private native final int native_invoke(Parcel request, Parcel reply);
  
  
      /*
       * @param update_only If true fetch only the set of metadata that have
       *                    changed since the last invocation of getMetadata.
       *                    The set is built using the unfiltered
       *                    notifications the native player sent to the
       *                    MediaPlayerService during that period of
       *                    time. If false, all the metadatas are considered.
       * @param apply_filter  If true, once the metadata set has been built based on
       *                     the value update_only, the current filter is applied.
       * @param reply[out] On return contains the serialized
       *                   metadata. Valid only if the call was successful.
       * @return The status code.
       */
      private native final boolean native_getMetadata(boolean update_only,
                                                      boolean apply_filter,
                                                      Parcel reply);
  
      /*
       * @param request Parcel with the 2 serialized lists of allowed
       *                metadata types followed by the one to be
       *                dropped. Each list starts with an integer
       *                indicating the number of metadata type elements.
       * @return The status code.
       */
      private native final int native_setMetadataFilter(Parcel request);
  
      private static native final void native_init();
      private native final void native_setup(Object mediaplayer_this);
      private native final void native_finalize();
  
      /**
       * Class for MediaPlayer to return each audio/video/subtitle track's metadata.
       *
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer#getTrackInfo
       */
      static public class TrackInfo implements Parcelable {
          /**
           * Gets the track type.
           * @return TrackType which indicates if the track is video, audio, timed text.
           */
          public @TrackType int getTrackType() {
              return mTrackType;
          }
  
          /**
           * Gets the language code of the track.
           * @return a language code in either way of ISO-639-1 or ISO-639-2.
           * When the language is unknown or could not be determined,
           * ISO-639-2 language code, "und", is returned.
           */
          public String getLanguage() {
              String language = mFormat.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_LANGUAGE);
              return language == null ? "und" : language;
          }
  
          /**
           * Gets the {@link MediaFormat} of the track.  If the format is
           * unknown or could not be determined, null is returned.
           */
          public MediaFormat getFormat() {
              if (mTrackType == MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT
                      || mTrackType == MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                  return mFormat;
              }
              return null;
          }
  
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_VIDEO = 1;
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO = 2;
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT = 3;
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE = 4;
          public static final int MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_METADATA = 5;
  
          /** @hide */
          @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE", value = {
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_VIDEO,
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO,
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT,
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE,
                  MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_METADATA }
          )
          @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
          public @interface TrackType {}
  
  
          final int mTrackType;
          final MediaFormat mFormat;
  
          TrackInfo(Parcel in) {
              mTrackType = in.readInt();
              // TODO: parcel in the full MediaFormat; currently we are using createSubtitleFormat
              // even for audio/video tracks, meaning we only set the mime and language.
              String mime = in.readString();
              String language = in.readString();
              mFormat = MediaFormat.createSubtitleFormat(mime, language);
  
              if (mTrackType == MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                  mFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_AUTOSELECT, in.readInt());
                  mFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_DEFAULT, in.readInt());
                  mFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_FORCED_SUBTITLE, in.readInt());
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          TrackInfo(int type, MediaFormat format) {
              mTrackType = type;
              mFormat = format;
          }
  
          /**
           * {@inheritDoc}
           */
          @Override
          public int describeContents() {
              return 0;
          }
  
          /**
           * {@inheritDoc}
           */
          @Override
          public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
              dest.writeInt(mTrackType);
              dest.writeString(mFormat.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME));
              dest.writeString(getLanguage());
  
              if (mTrackType == MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                  dest.writeInt(mFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_AUTOSELECT));
                  dest.writeInt(mFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_DEFAULT));
                  dest.writeInt(mFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_FORCED_SUBTITLE));
              }
          }
  
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(128);
              out.append(getClass().getName());
              out.append('{');
              switch (mTrackType) {
              case MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_VIDEO:
                  out.append("VIDEO");
                  break;
              case MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO:
                  out.append("AUDIO");
                  break;
              case MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT:
                  out.append("TIMEDTEXT");
                  break;
              case MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
                  out.append("SUBTITLE");
                  break;
              default:
                  out.append("UNKNOWN");
                  break;
              }
              out.append(", " + mFormat.toString());
              out.append("}");
              return out.toString();
          }
  
          /**
           * Used to read a TrackInfo from a Parcel.
           */
          @UnsupportedAppUsage
          static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<TrackInfo> CREATOR
                  = new Parcelable.Creator<TrackInfo>() {
                      @Override
                      public TrackInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
                          return new TrackInfo(in);
                      }
  
                      @Override
                      public TrackInfo[] newArray(int size) {
                          return new TrackInfo[size];
                      }
                  };
  
      };
  
      // We would like domain specific classes with more informative names than the `first` and `second`
      // in generic Pair, but we would also like to avoid creating new/trivial classes. As a compromise
      // we document the meanings of `first` and `second` here:
      //
      // Pair.first - inband track index; non-null iff representing an inband track.
      // Pair.second - a SubtitleTrack registered with mSubtitleController; non-null iff representing
      //               an inband subtitle track or any out-of-band track (subtitle or timedtext).
      private Vector<Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack>> mIndexTrackPairs = new Vector<>();
      private BitSet mInbandTrackIndices = new BitSet();
  
      /**
       * Returns an array of track information.
       *
       * @return Array of track info. The total number of tracks is the array length.
       * Must be called again if an external timed text source has been added after any of the
       * addTimedTextSource methods are called.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state.
       */
      public TrackInfo[] getTrackInfo() throws IllegalStateException {
          TrackInfo trackInfo[] = getInbandTrackInfo();
          // add out-of-band tracks
          synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
              TrackInfo allTrackInfo[] = new TrackInfo[mIndexTrackPairs.size()];
              for (int i = 0; i < allTrackInfo.length; i++) {
                  Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack> p = mIndexTrackPairs.get(i);
                  if (p.first != null) {
                      // inband track
                      allTrackInfo[i] = trackInfo[p.first];
                  } else {
                      SubtitleTrack track = p.second;
                      allTrackInfo[i] = new TrackInfo(track.getTrackType(), track.getFormat());
                  }
              }
              return allTrackInfo;
          }
      }
  
      private TrackInfo[] getInbandTrackInfo() throws IllegalStateException {
          Parcel request = Parcel.obtain();
          Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
          try {
              request.writeInterfaceToken(IMEDIA_PLAYER);
              request.writeInt(INVOKE_ID_GET_TRACK_INFO);
              invoke(request, reply);
              TrackInfo trackInfo[] = reply.createTypedArray(TrackInfo.CREATOR);
              return trackInfo;
          } finally {
              request.recycle();
              reply.recycle();
          }
      }
  
      /* Do not change these values without updating their counterparts
       * in include/media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h and media/libstagefright/MediaDefs.cpp!
       */
      /**
       * MIME type for SubRip (SRT) container. Used in addTimedTextSource APIs.
       * @deprecated use {@link MediaFormat#MIMETYPE_TEXT_SUBRIP}
       */
      public static final String MEDIA_MIMETYPE_TEXT_SUBRIP = MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_TEXT_SUBRIP;
  
      /**
       * MIME type for WebVTT subtitle data.
       * @hide
       * @deprecated
       */
      public static final String MEDIA_MIMETYPE_TEXT_VTT = MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_TEXT_VTT;
  
      /**
       * MIME type for CEA-608 closed caption data.
       * @hide
       * @deprecated
       */
      public static final String MEDIA_MIMETYPE_TEXT_CEA_608 = MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_TEXT_CEA_608;
  
      /**
       * MIME type for CEA-708 closed caption data.
       * @hide
       * @deprecated
       */
      public static final String MEDIA_MIMETYPE_TEXT_CEA_708 = MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_TEXT_CEA_708;
  
      /*
       * A helper function to check if the mime type is supported by media framework.
       */
      private static boolean availableMimeTypeForExternalSource(String mimeType) {
          if (MEDIA_MIMETYPE_TEXT_SUBRIP.equals(mimeType)) {
              return true;
          }
          return false;
      }
  
      private SubtitleController mSubtitleController;
  
      /** @hide */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public void setSubtitleAnchor(
              SubtitleController controller,
              SubtitleController.Anchor anchor) {
          // TODO: create SubtitleController in MediaPlayer
          mSubtitleController = controller;
          mSubtitleController.setAnchor(anchor);
      }
  
      /**
       * The private version of setSubtitleAnchor is used internally to set mSubtitleController if
       * necessary when clients don't provide their own SubtitleControllers using the public version
       * {@link #setSubtitleAnchor(SubtitleController, Anchor)} (e.g. {@link VideoView} provides one).
       */
      private synchronized void setSubtitleAnchor() {
          if ((mSubtitleController == null) && (ActivityThread.currentApplication() != null)) {
              final TimeProvider timeProvider = (TimeProvider) getMediaTimeProvider();
              final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("SetSubtitleAnchorThread");
              thread.start();
              Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
              handler.post(new Runnable() {
                  @Override
                  public void run() {
                      Context context = ActivityThread.currentApplication();
                      mSubtitleController =
                              new SubtitleController(context, timeProvider, MediaPlayer.this);
                      mSubtitleController.setAnchor(new Anchor() {
                          @Override
                          public void setSubtitleWidget(RenderingWidget subtitleWidget) {
                          }
  
                          @Override
                          public Looper getSubtitleLooper() {
                              return timeProvider.mEventHandler.getLooper();
                          }
                      });
                      thread.getLooper().quitSafely();
                  }
              });
              try {
                  thread.join();
              } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                  Log.w(TAG, "failed to join SetSubtitleAnchorThread");
              }
          }
      }
  
      private int mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex = -1;
      private Vector<InputStream> mOpenSubtitleSources;
  
      private final OnSubtitleDataListener mIntSubtitleDataListener = new OnSubtitleDataListener() {
          @Override
          public void onSubtitleData(MediaPlayer mp, SubtitleData data) {
              int index = data.getTrackIndex();
              synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
                  for (Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack> p : mIndexTrackPairs) {
                      if (p.first != null && p.first == index && p.second != null) {
                          // inband subtitle track that owns data
                          SubtitleTrack track = p.second;
                          track.onData(data);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      };
  
      /** @hide */
      @Override
      public void onSubtitleTrackSelected(SubtitleTrack track) {
          if (mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex >= 0) {
              try {
                  selectOrDeselectInbandTrack(mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex, false);
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
              }
              mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex = -1;
          }
          synchronized (this) {
              mSubtitleDataListenerDisabled = true;
          }
          if (track == null) {
              return;
          }
  
          synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
              for (Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack> p : mIndexTrackPairs) {
                  if (p.first != null && p.second == track) {
                      // inband subtitle track that is selected
                      mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex = p.first;
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          if (mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex >= 0) {
              try {
                  selectOrDeselectInbandTrack(mSelectedSubtitleTrackIndex, true);
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
              }
              synchronized (this) {
                  mSubtitleDataListenerDisabled = false;
              }
          }
          // no need to select out-of-band tracks
      }
  
      /** @hide */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public void addSubtitleSource(InputStream is, MediaFormat format)
              throws IllegalStateException
      {
          final InputStream fIs = is;
          final MediaFormat fFormat = format;
  
          if (is != null) {
              // Ensure all input streams are closed.  It is also a handy
              // way to implement timeouts in the future.
              synchronized(mOpenSubtitleSources) {
                  mOpenSubtitleSources.add(is);
              }
          } else {
              Log.w(TAG, "addSubtitleSource called with null InputStream");
          }
  
          getMediaTimeProvider();
  
          // process each subtitle in its own thread
          final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("SubtitleReadThread",
                Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND + Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE);
          thread.start();
          Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
          handler.post(new Runnable() {
              private int addTrack() {
                  if (fIs == null || mSubtitleController == null) {
                      return MEDIA_INFO_UNSUPPORTED_SUBTITLE;
                  }
  
                  SubtitleTrack track = mSubtitleController.addTrack(fFormat);
                  if (track == null) {
                      return MEDIA_INFO_UNSUPPORTED_SUBTITLE;
                  }
  
                  // TODO: do the conversion in the subtitle track
                  Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fIs, "UTF-8");
                  String contents = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
                  synchronized(mOpenSubtitleSources) {
                      mOpenSubtitleSources.remove(fIs);
                  }
                  scanner.close();
                  synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
                      mIndexTrackPairs.add(Pair.<Integer, SubtitleTrack>create(null, track));
                  }
                  synchronized (mTimeProviderLock) {
                      if (mTimeProvider != null) {
                          Handler h = mTimeProvider.mEventHandler;
                          int what = TimeProvider.NOTIFY;
                          int arg1 = TimeProvider.NOTIFY_TRACK_DATA;
                          Pair<SubtitleTrack, byte[]> trackData =
                                  Pair.create(track, contents.getBytes());
                          Message m = h.obtainMessage(what, arg1, 0, trackData);
                          h.sendMessage(m);
                      }
                  }
                  return MEDIA_INFO_EXTERNAL_METADATA_UPDATE;
              }
  
              public void run() {
                  int res = addTrack();
                  if (mEventHandler != null) {
                      Message m = mEventHandler.obtainMessage(MEDIA_INFO, res, 0, null);
                      mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);
                  }
                  thread.getLooper().quitSafely();
              }
          });
      }
  
      private void scanInternalSubtitleTracks() {
          setSubtitleAnchor();
  
          populateInbandTracks();
  
          if (mSubtitleController != null) {
              mSubtitleController.selectDefaultTrack();
          }
      }
  
      private void populateInbandTracks() {
          TrackInfo[] tracks = getInbandTrackInfo();
          synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
              for (int i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) {
                  if (mInbandTrackIndices.get(i)) {
                      continue;
                  } else {
                      mInbandTrackIndices.set(i);
                  }
  
                  if (tracks[i] == null) {
                      Log.w(TAG, "unexpected NULL track at index " + i);
                  }
                  // newly appeared inband track
                  if (tracks[i] != null
                          && tracks[i].getTrackType() == TrackInfo.MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                      SubtitleTrack track = mSubtitleController.addTrack(
                              tracks[i].getFormat());
                      mIndexTrackPairs.add(Pair.create(i, track));
                  } else {
                      mIndexTrackPairs.add(Pair.<Integer, SubtitleTrack>create(i, null));
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      /* TODO: Limit the total number of external timed text source to a reasonable number.
       */
      /**
       * Adds an external timed text source file.
       *
       * Currently supported format is SubRip with the file extension .srt, case insensitive.
       * Note that a single external timed text source may contain multiple tracks in it.
       * One can find the total number of available tracks using {@link #getTrackInfo()} to see what
       * additional tracks become available after this method call.
       *
       * @param path The file path of external timed text source file.
       * @param mimeType The mime type of the file. Must be one of the mime types listed above.
       * @throws IOException if the file cannot be accessed or is corrupted.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the mimeType is not supported.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       */
      public void addTimedTextSource(String path, String mimeType)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          if (!availableMimeTypeForExternalSource(mimeType)) {
              final String msg = "Illegal mimeType for timed text source: " + mimeType;
              throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
          }
  
          final File file = new File(path);
          try (FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file)) {
              addTimedTextSource(is.getFD(), mimeType);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Adds an external timed text source file (Uri).
       *
       * Currently supported format is SubRip with the file extension .srt, case insensitive.
       * Note that a single external timed text source may contain multiple tracks in it.
       * One can find the total number of available tracks using {@link #getTrackInfo()} to see what
       * additional tracks become available after this method call.
       *
       * @param context the Context to use when resolving the Uri
       * @param uri the Content URI of the data you want to play
       * @param mimeType The mime type of the file. Must be one of the mime types listed above.
       * @throws IOException if the file cannot be accessed or is corrupted.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the mimeType is not supported.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       */
      public void addTimedTextSource(Context context, Uri uri, String mimeType)
              throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          String scheme = uri.getScheme();
          if(scheme == null || scheme.equals("file")) {
              addTimedTextSource(uri.getPath(), mimeType);
              return;
          }
  
          AssetFileDescriptor fd = null;
          try {
              ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
              fd = resolver.openAssetFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
              if (fd == null) {
                  return;
              }
              addTimedTextSource(fd.getFileDescriptor(), mimeType);
              return;
          } catch (SecurityException ex) {
          } catch (IOException ex) {
          } finally {
              if (fd != null) {
                  fd.close();
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Adds an external timed text source file (FileDescriptor).
       *
       * It is the caller's responsibility to close the file descriptor.
       * It is safe to do so as soon as this call returns.
       *
       * Currently supported format is SubRip. Note that a single external timed text source may
       * contain multiple tracks in it. One can find the total number of available tracks
       * using {@link #getTrackInfo()} to see what additional tracks become available
       * after this method call.
       *
       * @param fd the FileDescriptor for the file you want to play
       * @param mimeType The mime type of the file. Must be one of the mime types listed above.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the mimeType is not supported.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       */
      public void addTimedTextSource(FileDescriptor fd, String mimeType)
              throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          // intentionally less than LONG_MAX
          addTimedTextSource(fd, 0, 0x7ffffffffffffffL, mimeType);
      }
  
      /**
       * Adds an external timed text file (FileDescriptor).
       *
       * It is the caller's responsibility to close the file descriptor.
       * It is safe to do so as soon as this call returns.
       *
       * Currently supported format is SubRip. Note that a single external timed text source may
       * contain multiple tracks in it. One can find the total number of available tracks
       * using {@link #getTrackInfo()} to see what additional tracks become available
       * after this method call.
       *
       * @param fd the FileDescriptor for the file you want to play
       * @param offset the offset into the file where the data to be played starts, in bytes
       * @param length the length in bytes of the data to be played
       * @param mime The mime type of the file. Must be one of the mime types listed above.
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the mimeType is not supported.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       */
      public void addTimedTextSource(FileDescriptor fd, long offset, long length, String mime)
              throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
          if (!availableMimeTypeForExternalSource(mime)) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal mimeType for timed text source: " + mime);
          }
  
          final FileDescriptor dupedFd;
          try {
              dupedFd = Os.dup(fd);
          } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
              Log.e(TAG, ex.getMessage(), ex);
              throw new RuntimeException(ex);
          }
  
          final MediaFormat fFormat = new MediaFormat();
          fFormat.setString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME, mime);
          fFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_IS_TIMED_TEXT, 1);
  
          // A MediaPlayer created by a VideoView should already have its mSubtitleController set.
          if (mSubtitleController == null) {
              setSubtitleAnchor();
          }
  
          if (!mSubtitleController.hasRendererFor(fFormat)) {
              // test and add not atomic
              Context context = ActivityThread.currentApplication();
              mSubtitleController.registerRenderer(new SRTRenderer(context, mEventHandler));
          }
          final SubtitleTrack track = mSubtitleController.addTrack(fFormat);
          synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
              mIndexTrackPairs.add(Pair.<Integer, SubtitleTrack>create(null, track));
          }
  
          getMediaTimeProvider();
  
          final long offset2 = offset;
          final long length2 = length;
          final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(
                  "TimedTextReadThread",
                  Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND + Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE);
          thread.start();
          Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
          handler.post(new Runnable() {
              private int addTrack() {
                  final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                  try {
                      Os.lseek(dupedFd, offset2, OsConstants.SEEK_SET);
                      byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
                      for (long total = 0; total < length2;) {
                          int bytesToRead = (int) Math.min(buffer.length, length2 - total);
                          int bytes = IoBridge.read(dupedFd, buffer, 0, bytesToRead);
                          if (bytes < 0) {
                              break;
                          } else {
                              bos.write(buffer, 0, bytes);
                              total += bytes;
                          }
                      }
                      synchronized (mTimeProviderLock) {
                          if (mTimeProvider != null) {
                              Handler h = mTimeProvider.mEventHandler;
                              int what = TimeProvider.NOTIFY;
                              int arg1 = TimeProvider.NOTIFY_TRACK_DATA;
                              Pair<SubtitleTrack, byte[]> trackData =
                                      Pair.create(track, bos.toByteArray());
                              Message m = h.obtainMessage(what, arg1, 0, trackData);
                              h.sendMessage(m);
                          }
                      }
                      return MEDIA_INFO_EXTERNAL_METADATA_UPDATE;
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                      return MEDIA_INFO_TIMED_TEXT_ERROR;
                  } finally {
                      try {
                          Os.close(dupedFd);
                      } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                          Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              public void run() {
                  int res = addTrack();
                  if (mEventHandler != null) {
                      Message m = mEventHandler.obtainMessage(MEDIA_INFO, res, 0, null);
                      mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);
                  }
                  thread.getLooper().quitSafely();
              }
          });
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the index of the audio, video, or subtitle track currently selected for playback,
       * The return value is an index into the array returned by {@link #getTrackInfo()}, and can
       * be used in calls to {@link #selectTrack(int)} or {@link #deselectTrack(int)}.
       *
       * @param trackType should be one of {@link TrackInfo#MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_VIDEO},
       * {@link TrackInfo#MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO}, or
       * {@link TrackInfo#MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE}
       * @return index of the audio, video, or subtitle track currently selected for playback;
       * a negative integer is returned when there is no selected track for {@code trackType} or
       * when {@code trackType} is not one of audio, video, or subtitle.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called after {@link #release()}
       *
       * @see #getTrackInfo()
       * @see #selectTrack(int)
       * @see #deselectTrack(int)
       */
      public int getSelectedTrack(int trackType) throws IllegalStateException {
          if (mSubtitleController != null
                  && (trackType == TrackInfo.MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE
                  || trackType == TrackInfo.MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT)) {
              SubtitleTrack subtitleTrack = mSubtitleController.getSelectedTrack();
              if (subtitleTrack != null) {
                  synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
                      for (int i = 0; i < mIndexTrackPairs.size(); i++) {
                          Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack> p = mIndexTrackPairs.get(i);
                          if (p.second == subtitleTrack && subtitleTrack.getTrackType() == trackType) {
                              return i;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
  
          Parcel request = Parcel.obtain();
          Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
          try {
              request.writeInterfaceToken(IMEDIA_PLAYER);
              request.writeInt(INVOKE_ID_GET_SELECTED_TRACK);
              request.writeInt(trackType);
              invoke(request, reply);
              int inbandTrackIndex = reply.readInt();
              synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
                  for (int i = 0; i < mIndexTrackPairs.size(); i++) {
                      Pair<Integer, SubtitleTrack> p = mIndexTrackPairs.get(i);
                      if (p.first != null && p.first == inbandTrackIndex) {
                          return i;
                      }
                  }
              }
              return -1;
          } finally {
              request.recycle();
              reply.recycle();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Selects a track.
       * <p>
       * If a MediaPlayer is in invalid state, it throws an IllegalStateException exception.
       * If a MediaPlayer is in <em>Started</em> state, the selected track is presented immediately.
       * If a MediaPlayer is not in Started state, it just marks the track to be played.
       * </p>
       * <p>
       * In any valid state, if it is called multiple times on the same type of track (ie. Video,
       * Audio, Timed Text), the most recent one will be chosen.
       * </p>
       * <p>
       * The first audio and video tracks are selected by default if available, even though
       * this method is not called. However, no timed text track will be selected until
       * this function is called.
       * </p>
       * <p>
       * Currently, only timed text, subtitle or audio tracks can be selected via this method.
       * In addition, the support for selecting an audio track at runtime is pretty limited
       * in that an audio track can only be selected in the <em>Prepared</em> state.
       * </p>
       * @param index the index of the track to be selected. The valid range of the index
       * is 0..total number of track - 1. The total number of tracks as well as the type of
       * each individual track can be found by calling {@link #getTrackInfo()} method.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       *
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer#getTrackInfo
       */
      public void selectTrack(int index) throws IllegalStateException {
          selectOrDeselectTrack(index, true /* select */);
      }
  
      /**
       * Deselect a track.
       * <p>
       * Currently, the track must be a timed text track and no audio or video tracks can be
       * deselected. If the timed text track identified by index has not been
       * selected before, it throws an exception.
       * </p>
       * @param index the index of the track to be deselected. The valid range of the index
       * is 0..total number of tracks - 1. The total number of tracks as well as the type of
       * each individual track can be found by calling {@link #getTrackInfo()} method.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called in an invalid state.
       *
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer#getTrackInfo
       */
      public void deselectTrack(int index) throws IllegalStateException {
          selectOrDeselectTrack(index, false /* select */);
      }
  
      private void selectOrDeselectTrack(int index, boolean select)
              throws IllegalStateException {
          // handle subtitle track through subtitle controller
          populateInbandTracks();
  
          Pair<Integer,SubtitleTrack> p = null;
          try {
              p = mIndexTrackPairs.get(index);
          } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
              // ignore bad index
              return;
          }
  
          SubtitleTrack track = p.second;
          if (track == null) {
              // inband (de)select
              selectOrDeselectInbandTrack(p.first, select);
              return;
          }
  
          if (mSubtitleController == null) {
              return;
          }
  
          if (!select) {
              // out-of-band deselect
              if (mSubtitleController.getSelectedTrack() == track) {
                  mSubtitleController.selectTrack(null);
              } else {
                  Log.w(TAG, "trying to deselect track that was not selected");
              }
              return;
          }
  
          // out-of-band select
          if (track.getTrackType() == TrackInfo.MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT) {
              int ttIndex = getSelectedTrack(TrackInfo.MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_TIMEDTEXT);
              synchronized (mIndexTrackPairs) {
                  if (ttIndex >= 0 && ttIndex < mIndexTrackPairs.size()) {
                      Pair<Integer,SubtitleTrack> p2 = mIndexTrackPairs.get(ttIndex);
                      if (p2.first != null && p2.second == null) {
                          // deselect inband counterpart
                          selectOrDeselectInbandTrack(p2.first, false);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          mSubtitleController.selectTrack(track);
      }
  
      private void selectOrDeselectInbandTrack(int index, boolean select)
              throws IllegalStateException {
          Parcel request = Parcel.obtain();
          Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
          try {
              request.writeInterfaceToken(IMEDIA_PLAYER);
              request.writeInt(select? INVOKE_ID_SELECT_TRACK: INVOKE_ID_DESELECT_TRACK);
              request.writeInt(index);
              invoke(request, reply);
          } finally {
              request.recycle();
              reply.recycle();
          }
      }
  
  
      /**
       * @param reply Parcel with audio/video duration info for battery
                      tracking usage
       * @return The status code.
       * {@hide}
       */
      public native static int native_pullBatteryData(Parcel reply);
  
      /**
       * Sets the target UDP re-transmit endpoint for the low level player.
       * Generally, the address portion of the endpoint is an IP multicast
       * address, although a unicast address would be equally valid.  When a valid
       * retransmit endpoint has been set, the media player will not decode and
       * render the media presentation locally.  Instead, the player will attempt
       * to re-multiplex its media data using the Android@Home RTP profile and
       * re-transmit to the target endpoint.  Receiver devices (which may be
       * either the same as the transmitting device or different devices) may
       * instantiate, prepare, and start a receiver player using a setDataSource
       * URL of the form...
       *
       * aahRX://&lt;multicastIP&gt;:&lt;port&gt;
       *
       * to receive, decode and render the re-transmitted content.
       *
       * setRetransmitEndpoint may only be called before setDataSource has been
       * called; while the player is in the Idle state.
       *
       * @param endpoint the address and UDP port of the re-transmission target or
       * null if no re-transmission is to be performed.
       * @throws IllegalStateException if it is called in an invalid state
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the retransmit endpoint is supplied,
       * but invalid.
       *
       * {@hide} pending API council
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public void setRetransmitEndpoint(InetSocketAddress endpoint)
              throws IllegalStateException, IllegalArgumentException
      {
          String addrString = null;
          int port = 0;
  
          if (null != endpoint) {
              addrString = endpoint.getAddress().getHostAddress();
              port = endpoint.getPort();
          }
  
          int ret = native_setRetransmitEndpoint(addrString, port);
          if (ret != 0) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal re-transmit endpoint; native ret " + ret);
          }
      }
  
      private native final int native_setRetransmitEndpoint(String addrString, int port);
  
      @Override
      protected void finalize() {
          baseRelease();
          native_finalize();
      }
  
      /* Do not change these values without updating their counterparts
       * in include/media/mediaplayer.h!
       */
      private static final int MEDIA_NOP = 0; // interface test message
      private static final int MEDIA_PREPARED = 1;
      private static final int MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE = 2;
      private static final int MEDIA_BUFFERING_UPDATE = 3;
      private static final int MEDIA_SEEK_COMPLETE = 4;
      private static final int MEDIA_SET_VIDEO_SIZE = 5;
      private static final int MEDIA_STARTED = 6;
      private static final int MEDIA_PAUSED = 7;
      private static final int MEDIA_STOPPED = 8;
      private static final int MEDIA_SKIPPED = 9;
      private static final int MEDIA_NOTIFY_TIME = 98;
      private static final int MEDIA_TIMED_TEXT = 99;
      private static final int MEDIA_ERROR = 100;
      private static final int MEDIA_INFO = 200;
      private static final int MEDIA_SUBTITLE_DATA = 201;
      private static final int MEDIA_META_DATA = 202;
      private static final int MEDIA_DRM_INFO = 210;
      private static final int MEDIA_TIME_DISCONTINUITY = 211;
      private static final int MEDIA_AUDIO_ROUTING_CHANGED = 10000;
  
      private TimeProvider mTimeProvider;
      private final Object mTimeProviderLock = new Object();
  
      /** @hide */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public MediaTimeProvider getMediaTimeProvider() {
          synchronized (mTimeProviderLock) {
              if (mTimeProvider == null) {
                  mTimeProvider = new TimeProvider(this);
              }
              return mTimeProvider;
          }
      }
  
      private class EventHandler extends Handler
      {
          private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
  
          public EventHandler(MediaPlayer mp, Looper looper) {
              super(looper);
              mMediaPlayer = mp;
          }
  
          @Override
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
              if (mMediaPlayer.mNativeContext == 0) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "mediaplayer went away with unhandled events");
                  return;
              }
              switch(msg.what) {
              case MEDIA_PREPARED:
                  try {
                      scanInternalSubtitleTracks();
                  } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                      // send error message instead of crashing;
                      // send error message instead of inlining a call to onError
                      // to avoid code duplication.
                      Message msg2 = obtainMessage(
                              MEDIA_ERROR, MEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN, MEDIA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, null);
                      sendMessage(msg2);
                  }
  
                  OnPreparedListener onPreparedListener = mOnPreparedListener;
                  if (onPreparedListener != null)
                      onPreparedListener.onPrepared(mMediaPlayer);
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_DRM_INFO:
                  Log.v(TAG, "MEDIA_DRM_INFO " + mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate);
  
                  if (msg.obj == null) {
                      Log.w(TAG, "MEDIA_DRM_INFO msg.obj=NULL");
                  } else if (msg.obj instanceof Parcel) {
                      // The parcel was parsed already in postEventFromNative
                      DrmInfo drmInfo = null;
  
                      OnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate onDrmInfoHandlerDelegate;
                      synchronized (mDrmLock) {
                          if (mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate != null && mDrmInfo != null) {
                              drmInfo = mDrmInfo.makeCopy();
                          }
                          // local copy while keeping the lock
                          onDrmInfoHandlerDelegate = mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate;
                      }
  
                      // notifying the client outside the lock
                      if (onDrmInfoHandlerDelegate != null) {
                          onDrmInfoHandlerDelegate.notifyClient(drmInfo);
                      }
                  } else {
                      Log.w(TAG, "MEDIA_DRM_INFO msg.obj of unexpected type " + msg.obj);
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE:
                  {
                      mOnCompletionInternalListener.onCompletion(mMediaPlayer);
                      OnCompletionListener onCompletionListener = mOnCompletionListener;
                      if (onCompletionListener != null)
                          onCompletionListener.onCompletion(mMediaPlayer);
                  }
                  stayAwake(false);
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_STOPPED:
                  {
                      TimeProvider timeProvider = mTimeProvider;
                      if (timeProvider != null) {
                          timeProvider.onStopped();
                      }
                  }
                  break;
  
              case MEDIA_STARTED:
              case MEDIA_PAUSED:
                  {
                      TimeProvider timeProvider = mTimeProvider;
                      if (timeProvider != null) {
                          timeProvider.onPaused(msg.what == MEDIA_PAUSED);
                      }
                  }
                  break;
  
              case MEDIA_BUFFERING_UPDATE:
                  OnBufferingUpdateListener onBufferingUpdateListener = mOnBufferingUpdateListener;
                  if (onBufferingUpdateListener != null)
                      onBufferingUpdateListener.onBufferingUpdate(mMediaPlayer, msg.arg1);
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_SEEK_COMPLETE:
                  OnSeekCompleteListener onSeekCompleteListener = mOnSeekCompleteListener;
                  if (onSeekCompleteListener != null) {
                      onSeekCompleteListener.onSeekComplete(mMediaPlayer);
                  }
                  // fall through
  
              case MEDIA_SKIPPED:
                  {
                      TimeProvider timeProvider = mTimeProvider;
                      if (timeProvider != null) {
                          timeProvider.onSeekComplete(mMediaPlayer);
                      }
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_SET_VIDEO_SIZE:
                  OnVideoSizeChangedListener onVideoSizeChangedListener = mOnVideoSizeChangedListener;
                  if (onVideoSizeChangedListener != null) {
                      onVideoSizeChangedListener.onVideoSizeChanged(
                          mMediaPlayer, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_ERROR:
                  Log.e(TAG, "Error (" + msg.arg1 + "," + msg.arg2 + ")");
                  boolean error_was_handled = false;
                  OnErrorListener onErrorListener = mOnErrorListener;
                  if (onErrorListener != null) {
                      error_was_handled = onErrorListener.onError(mMediaPlayer, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
                  }
                  {
                      mOnCompletionInternalListener.onCompletion(mMediaPlayer);
                      OnCompletionListener onCompletionListener = mOnCompletionListener;
                      if (onCompletionListener != null && ! error_was_handled) {
                          onCompletionListener.onCompletion(mMediaPlayer);
                      }
                  }
                  stayAwake(false);
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_INFO:
                  switch (msg.arg1) {
                  case MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING:
                      Log.i(TAG, "Info (" + msg.arg1 + "," + msg.arg2 + ")");
                      break;
                  case MEDIA_INFO_METADATA_UPDATE:
                      try {
                          scanInternalSubtitleTracks();
                      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                          Message msg2 = obtainMessage(
                                  MEDIA_ERROR, MEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN, MEDIA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, null);
                          sendMessage(msg2);
                      }
                      // fall through
  
                  case MEDIA_INFO_EXTERNAL_METADATA_UPDATE:
                      msg.arg1 = MEDIA_INFO_METADATA_UPDATE;
                      // update default track selection
                      if (mSubtitleController != null) {
                          mSubtitleController.selectDefaultTrack();
                      }
                      break;
                  case MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_START:
                  case MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_END:
                      TimeProvider timeProvider = mTimeProvider;
                      if (timeProvider != null) {
                          timeProvider.onBuffering(msg.arg1 == MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_START);
                      }
                      break;
                  }
  
                  OnInfoListener onInfoListener = mOnInfoListener;
                  if (onInfoListener != null) {
                      onInfoListener.onInfo(mMediaPlayer, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
                  }
                  // No real default action so far.
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_NOTIFY_TIME:
                      TimeProvider timeProvider = mTimeProvider;
                      if (timeProvider != null) {
                          timeProvider.onNotifyTime();
                      }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_TIMED_TEXT:
                  OnTimedTextListener onTimedTextListener = mOnTimedTextListener;
                  if (onTimedTextListener == null)
                      return;
                  if (msg.obj == null) {
                      onTimedTextListener.onTimedText(mMediaPlayer, null);
                  } else {
                      if (msg.obj instanceof Parcel) {
                          Parcel parcel = (Parcel)msg.obj;
                          TimedText text = new TimedText(parcel);
                          parcel.recycle();
                          onTimedTextListener.onTimedText(mMediaPlayer, text);
                      }
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_SUBTITLE_DATA:
                  final OnSubtitleDataListener extSubtitleListener;
                  final Handler extSubtitleHandler;
                  synchronized(this) {
                      if (mSubtitleDataListenerDisabled) {
                          return;
                      }
                      extSubtitleListener = mExtSubtitleDataListener;
                      extSubtitleHandler = mExtSubtitleDataHandler;
                  }
                  if (msg.obj instanceof Parcel) {
                      Parcel parcel = (Parcel) msg.obj;
                      final SubtitleData data = new SubtitleData(parcel);
                      parcel.recycle();
  
                      mIntSubtitleDataListener.onSubtitleData(mMediaPlayer, data);
  
                      if (extSubtitleListener != null) {
                          if (extSubtitleHandler == null) {
                              extSubtitleListener.onSubtitleData(mMediaPlayer, data);
                          } else {
                              extSubtitleHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                                  @Override
                                  public void run() {
                                      extSubtitleListener.onSubtitleData(mMediaPlayer, data);
                                  }
                              });
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_META_DATA:
                  OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener onTimedMetaDataAvailableListener =
                      mOnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener;
                  if (onTimedMetaDataAvailableListener == null) {
                      return;
                  }
                  if (msg.obj instanceof Parcel) {
                      Parcel parcel = (Parcel) msg.obj;
                      TimedMetaData data = TimedMetaData.createTimedMetaDataFromParcel(parcel);
                      parcel.recycle();
                      onTimedMetaDataAvailableListener.onTimedMetaDataAvailable(mMediaPlayer, data);
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_NOP: // interface test message - ignore
                  break;
  
              case MEDIA_AUDIO_ROUTING_CHANGED:
                  AudioManager.resetAudioPortGeneration();
                  synchronized (mRoutingChangeListeners) {
                      for (NativeRoutingEventHandlerDelegate delegate
                              : mRoutingChangeListeners.values()) {
                          delegate.notifyClient();
                      }
                  }
                  return;
  
              case MEDIA_TIME_DISCONTINUITY:
                  final OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener mediaTimeListener;
                  final Handler mediaTimeHandler;
                  synchronized(this) {
                      mediaTimeListener = mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener;
                      mediaTimeHandler = mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityHandler;
                  }
                  if (mediaTimeListener == null) {
                      return;
                  }
                  if (msg.obj instanceof Parcel) {
                      Parcel parcel = (Parcel) msg.obj;
                      parcel.setDataPosition(0);
                      long anchorMediaUs = parcel.readLong();
                      long anchorRealUs = parcel.readLong();
                      float playbackRate = parcel.readFloat();
                      parcel.recycle();
                      final MediaTimestamp timestamp;
                      if (anchorMediaUs != -1 && anchorRealUs != -1) {
                          timestamp = new MediaTimestamp(
                                  anchorMediaUs /*Us*/, anchorRealUs * 1000 /*Ns*/, playbackRate);
                      } else {
                          timestamp = MediaTimestamp.TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN;
                      }
                      if (mediaTimeHandler == null) {
                          mediaTimeListener.onMediaTimeDiscontinuity(mMediaPlayer, timestamp);
                      } else {
                          mediaTimeHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                              @Override
                              public void run() {
                                  mediaTimeListener.onMediaTimeDiscontinuity(mMediaPlayer, timestamp);
                              }
                          });
                      }
                  }
                  return;
  
              default:
                  Log.e(TAG, "Unknown message type " + msg.what);
                  return;
              }
          }
      }
  
      /*
       * Called from native code when an interesting event happens.  This method
       * just uses the EventHandler system to post the event back to the main app thread.
       * We use a weak reference to the original MediaPlayer object so that the native
       * code is safe from the object disappearing from underneath it.  (This is
       * the cookie passed to native_setup().)
       */
      private static void postEventFromNative(Object mediaplayer_ref,
                                              int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)
      {
          final MediaPlayer mp = (MediaPlayer)((WeakReference)mediaplayer_ref).get();
          if (mp == null) {
              return;
          }
  
          switch (what) {
          case MEDIA_INFO:
              if (arg1 == MEDIA_INFO_STARTED_AS_NEXT) {
                  new Thread(new Runnable() {
                      @Override
                      public void run() {
                          // this acquires the wakelock if needed, and sets the client side state
                          mp.start();
                      }
                  }).start();
                  Thread.yield();
              }
              break;
  
          case MEDIA_DRM_INFO:
              // We need to derive mDrmInfo before prepare() returns so processing it here
              // before the notification is sent to EventHandler below. EventHandler runs in the
              // notification looper so its handleMessage might process the event after prepare()
              // has returned.
              Log.v(TAG, "postEventFromNative MEDIA_DRM_INFO");
              if (obj instanceof Parcel) {
                  Parcel parcel = (Parcel)obj;
                  DrmInfo drmInfo = new DrmInfo(parcel);
                  synchronized (mp.mDrmLock) {
                      mp.mDrmInfo = drmInfo;
                  }
              } else {
                  Log.w(TAG, "MEDIA_DRM_INFO msg.obj of unexpected type " + obj);
              }
              break;
  
          case MEDIA_PREPARED:
              // By this time, we've learned about DrmInfo's presence or absence. This is meant
              // mainly for prepareAsync() use case. For prepare(), this still can run to a race
              // condition b/c MediaPlayerNative releases the prepare() lock before calling notify
              // so we also set mDrmInfoResolved in prepare().
              synchronized (mp.mDrmLock) {
                  mp.mDrmInfoResolved = true;
              }
              break;
  
          }
  
          if (mp.mEventHandler != null) {
              Message m = mp.mEventHandler.obtainMessage(what, arg1, arg2, obj);
              mp.mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the media
       * source is ready for playback.
       */
      public interface OnPreparedListener
      {
          /**
           * Called when the media file is ready for playback.
           *
           * @param mp the MediaPlayer that is ready for playback
           */
          void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the media source is ready
       * for playback.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnPreparedListener(OnPreparedListener listener)
      {
          mOnPreparedListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnPreparedListener mOnPreparedListener;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when playback of
       * a media source has completed.
       */
      public interface OnCompletionListener
      {
          /**
           * Called when the end of a media source is reached during playback.
           *
           * @param mp the MediaPlayer that reached the end of the file
           */
          void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the end of a media source
       * has been reached during playback.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnCompletionListener(OnCompletionListener listener)
      {
          mOnCompletionListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnCompletionListener mOnCompletionListener;
  
      /**
       * @hide
       * Internal completion listener to update PlayerBase of the play state. Always "registered".
       */
      private final OnCompletionListener mOnCompletionInternalListener = new OnCompletionListener() {
          @Override
          public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
              baseStop();
          }
      };
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked indicating buffering
       * status of a media resource being streamed over the network.
       */
      public interface OnBufferingUpdateListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to update status in buffering a media stream received through
           * progressive HTTP download. The received buffering percentage
           * indicates how much of the content has been buffered or played.
           * For example a buffering update of 80 percent when half the content
           * has already been played indicates that the next 30 percent of the
           * content to play has been buffered.
           *
           * @param mp      the MediaPlayer the update pertains to
           * @param percent the percentage (0-100) of the content
           *                that has been buffered or played thus far
           */
          void onBufferingUpdate(MediaPlayer mp, int percent);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the status of a network
       * stream's buffer has changed.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run.
       */
      public void setOnBufferingUpdateListener(OnBufferingUpdateListener listener)
      {
          mOnBufferingUpdateListener = listener;
      }
  
      private OnBufferingUpdateListener mOnBufferingUpdateListener;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked indicating
       * the completion of a seek operation.
       */
      public interface OnSeekCompleteListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate the completion of a seek operation.
           *
           * @param mp the MediaPlayer that issued the seek operation
           */
          public void onSeekComplete(MediaPlayer mp);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when a seek operation has been
       * completed.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnSeekCompleteListener(OnSeekCompleteListener listener)
      {
          mOnSeekCompleteListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnSeekCompleteListener mOnSeekCompleteListener;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when the
       * video size is first known or updated
       */
      public interface OnVideoSizeChangedListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate the video size
           *
           * The video size (width and height) could be 0 if there was no video,
           * no display surface was set, or the value was not determined yet.
           *
           * @param mp        the MediaPlayer associated with this callback
           * @param width     the width of the video
           * @param height    the height of the video
           */
          public void onVideoSizeChanged(MediaPlayer mp, int width, int height);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the video size is
       * known or updated.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(OnVideoSizeChangedListener listener)
      {
          mOnVideoSizeChangedListener = listener;
      }
  
      private OnVideoSizeChangedListener mOnVideoSizeChangedListener;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when a
       * timed text is available for display.
       */
      public interface OnTimedTextListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate an avaliable timed text
           *
           * @param mp             the MediaPlayer associated with this callback
           * @param text           the timed text sample which contains the text
           *                       needed to be displayed and the display format.
           */
          public void onTimedText(MediaPlayer mp, TimedText text);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when a timed text is available
       * for display.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnTimedTextListener(OnTimedTextListener listener)
      {
          mOnTimedTextListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnTimedTextListener mOnTimedTextListener;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when a player subtitle track has new
       * subtitle data available.
       * See the {@link MediaPlayer#setOnSubtitleDataListener(OnSubtitleDataListener, Handler)}
       * method for the description of which track will report data through this listener.
       */
      public interface OnSubtitleDataListener {
          /**
           * Method called when new subtitle data is available
           * @param mp the player that reports the new subtitle data
           * @param data the subtitle data
           */
          public void onSubtitleData(@NonNull MediaPlayer mp, @NonNull SubtitleData data);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the listener to be invoked when a subtitle track has new data available.
       * The subtitle data comes from a subtitle track previously selected with
       * {@link #selectTrack(int)}. Use {@link #getTrackInfo()} to determine which tracks are
       * subtitles (of type {@link TrackInfo#MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE}), Subtitle track encodings
       * can be determined by {@link TrackInfo#getFormat()}).<br>
       * See {@link SubtitleData} for an example of querying subtitle encoding.
       * @param listener the listener called when new data is available
       * @param handler the {@link Handler} that receives the listener events
       */
      public void setOnSubtitleDataListener(@NonNull OnSubtitleDataListener listener,
              @NonNull Handler handler) {
          if (listener == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null listener");
          }
          if (handler == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null handler");
          }
          setOnSubtitleDataListenerInt(listener, handler);
      }
      /**
       * Sets the listener to be invoked when a subtitle track has new data available.
       * The subtitle data comes from a subtitle track previously selected with
       * {@link #selectTrack(int)}. Use {@link #getTrackInfo()} to determine which tracks are
       * subtitles (of type {@link TrackInfo#MEDIA_TRACK_TYPE_SUBTITLE}), Subtitle track encodings
       * can be determined by {@link TrackInfo#getFormat()}).<br>
       * See {@link SubtitleData} for an example of querying subtitle encoding.<br>
       * The listener will be called on the same thread as the one in which the MediaPlayer was
       * created.
       * @param listener the listener called when new data is available
       */
      public void setOnSubtitleDataListener(@NonNull OnSubtitleDataListener listener)
      {
          if (listener == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null listener");
          }
          setOnSubtitleDataListenerInt(listener, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Clears the listener previously set with
       * {@link #setOnSubtitleDataListener(OnSubtitleDataListener)} or
       * {@link #setOnSubtitleDataListener(OnSubtitleDataListener, Handler)}.
       */
      public void clearOnSubtitleDataListener() {
          setOnSubtitleDataListenerInt(null, null);
      }
  
      private void setOnSubtitleDataListenerInt(
              @Nullable OnSubtitleDataListener listener, @Nullable Handler handler) {
          synchronized (this) {
              mExtSubtitleDataListener = listener;
              mExtSubtitleDataHandler = handler;
          }
      }
  
      private boolean mSubtitleDataListenerDisabled;
      /** External OnSubtitleDataListener, the one set by {@link #setOnSubtitleDataListener}. */
      private OnSubtitleDataListener mExtSubtitleDataListener;
      private Handler mExtSubtitleDataHandler;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when discontinuity in the normal progression
       * of the media time is detected.
       * The "normal progression" of media time is defined as the expected increase of the playback
       * position when playing media, relative to the playback speed (for instance every second, media
       * time increases by two seconds when playing at 2x).<br>
       * Discontinuities are encountered in the following cases:
       * <ul>
       * <li>when the player is starved for data and cannot play anymore</li>
       * <li>when the player encounters a playback error</li>
       * <li>when the a seek operation starts, and when it's completed</li>
       * <li>when the playback speed changes</li>
       * <li>when the playback state changes</li>
       * <li>when the player is reset</li>
       * </ul>
       * See the
       * {@link MediaPlayer#setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener(OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener, Handler)}
       * method to set a listener for these events.
       */
      public interface OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener {
          /**
           * Called to indicate a time discontinuity has occured.
           * @param mp the MediaPlayer for which the discontinuity has occured.
           * @param mts the timestamp that correlates media time, system time and clock rate,
           *     or {@link MediaTimestamp#TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN} in an error case.
           */
          public void onMediaTimeDiscontinuity(@NonNull MediaPlayer mp, @NonNull MediaTimestamp mts);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the listener to be invoked when a media time discontinuity is encountered.
       * @param listener the listener called after a discontinuity
       * @param handler the {@link Handler} that receives the listener events
       */
      public void setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener(
              @NonNull OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener listener, @NonNull Handler handler) {
          if (listener == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null listener");
          }
          if (handler == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null handler");
          }
          setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListenerInt(listener, handler);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the listener to be invoked when a media time discontinuity is encountered.
       * The listener will be called on the same thread as the one in which the MediaPlayer was
       * created.
       * @param listener the listener called after a discontinuity
       */
      public void setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener(
              @NonNull OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener listener)
      {
          if (listener == null) {
              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal null listener");
          }
          setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListenerInt(listener, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Clears the listener previously set with
       * {@link #setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener(OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener)}
       * or {@link #setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener(OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener, Handler)}
       */
      public void clearOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener() {
          setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListenerInt(null, null);
      }
  
      private void setOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListenerInt(
              @Nullable OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener listener, @Nullable Handler handler) {
          synchronized (this) {
              mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener = listener;
              mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityHandler = handler;
          }
      }
  
      private OnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityListener;
      private Handler mOnMediaTimeDiscontinuityHandler;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when a
       * track has timed metadata available.
       *
       * @see MediaPlayer#setOnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener(OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener)
       */
      public interface OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate avaliable timed metadata
           * <p>
           * This method will be called as timed metadata is extracted from the media,
           * in the same order as it occurs in the media. The timing of this event is
           * not controlled by the associated timestamp.
           *
           * @param mp             the MediaPlayer associated with this callback
           * @param data           the timed metadata sample associated with this event
           */
          public void onTimedMetaDataAvailable(MediaPlayer mp, TimedMetaData data);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when a selected track has timed metadata available.
       * <p>
       * Currently only HTTP live streaming data URI's embedded with timed ID3 tags generates
       * {@link TimedMetaData}.
       *
       * @see MediaPlayer#selectTrack(int)
       * @see MediaPlayer.OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener
       * @see TimedMetaData
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener(OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener listener)
      {
          mOnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener = listener;
      }
  
      private OnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener mOnTimedMetaDataAvailableListener;
  
      /* Do not change these values without updating their counterparts
       * in include/media/mediaplayer.h!
       */
      /** Unspecified media player error.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 1;
  
      /** Media server died. In this case, the application must release the
       * MediaPlayer object and instantiate a new one.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_SERVER_DIED = 100;
  
      /** The video is streamed and its container is not valid for progressive
       * playback i.e the video's index (e.g moov atom) is not at the start of the
       * file.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_NOT_VALID_FOR_PROGRESSIVE_PLAYBACK = 200;
  
      /** File or network related operation errors. */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_IO = -1004;
      /** Bitstream is not conforming to the related coding standard or file spec. */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_MALFORMED = -1007;
      /** Bitstream is conforming to the related coding standard or file spec, but
       * the media framework does not support the feature. */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = -1010;
      /** Some operation takes too long to complete, usually more than 3-5 seconds. */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_TIMED_OUT = -110;
  
      /** Unspecified low-level system error. This value originated from UNKNOWN_ERROR in
       * system/core/include/utils/Errors.h
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener
       * @hide
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_ERROR_SYSTEM = -2147483648;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when there
       * has been an error during an asynchronous operation (other errors
       * will throw exceptions at method call time).
       */
      public interface OnErrorListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate an error.
           *
           * @param mp      the MediaPlayer the error pertains to
           * @param what    the type of error that has occurred:
           * <ul>
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_SERVER_DIED}
           * </ul>
           * @param extra an extra code, specific to the error. Typically
           * implementation dependent.
           * <ul>
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_IO}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_MALFORMED}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_ERROR_TIMED_OUT}
           * <li><code>MEDIA_ERROR_SYSTEM (-2147483648)</code> - low-level system error.
           * </ul>
           * @return True if the method handled the error, false if it didn't.
           * Returning false, or not having an OnErrorListener at all, will
           * cause the OnCompletionListener to be called.
           */
          boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when an error has happened
       * during an asynchronous operation.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnErrorListener(OnErrorListener listener)
      {
          mOnErrorListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnErrorListener mOnErrorListener;
  
  
      /* Do not change these values without updating their counterparts
       * in include/media/mediaplayer.h!
       */
      /** Unspecified media player info.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_UNKNOWN = 1;
  
      /** The player was started because it was used as the next player for another
       * player, which just completed playback.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer#setNextMediaPlayer(MediaPlayer)
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_STARTED_AS_NEXT = 2;
  
      /** The player just pushed the very first video frame for rendering.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_RENDERING_START = 3;
  
      /** The video is too complex for the decoder: it can't decode frames fast
       *  enough. Possibly only the audio plays fine at this stage.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING = 700;
  
      /** MediaPlayer is temporarily pausing playback internally in order to
       * buffer more data.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_START = 701;
  
      /** MediaPlayer is resuming playback after filling buffers.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_END = 702;
  
      /** Estimated network bandwidth information (kbps) is available; currently this event fires
       * simultaneously as {@link #MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_START} and {@link #MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_END}
       * when playing network files.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       * @hide
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_NETWORK_BANDWIDTH = 703;
  
      /** Bad interleaving means that a media has been improperly interleaved or
       * not interleaved at all, e.g has all the video samples first then all the
       * audio ones. Video is playing but a lot of disk seeks may be happening.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_BAD_INTERLEAVING = 800;
  
      /** The media cannot be seeked (e.g live stream)
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_NOT_SEEKABLE = 801;
  
      /** A new set of metadata is available.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_METADATA_UPDATE = 802;
  
      /** A new set of external-only metadata is available.  Used by
       *  JAVA framework to avoid triggering track scanning.
       * @hide
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_EXTERNAL_METADATA_UPDATE = 803;
  
      /** Informs that audio is not playing. Note that playback of the video
       * is not interrupted.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_AUDIO_NOT_PLAYING = 804;
  
      /** Informs that video is not playing. Note that playback of the audio
       * is not interrupted.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_NOT_PLAYING = 805;
  
      /** Failed to handle timed text track properly.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       *
       * {@hide}
       */
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_TIMED_TEXT_ERROR = 900;
  
      /** Subtitle track was not supported by the media framework.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_UNSUPPORTED_SUBTITLE = 901;
  
      /** Reading the subtitle track takes too long.
       * @see android.media.MediaPlayer.OnInfoListener
       */
      public static final int MEDIA_INFO_SUBTITLE_TIMED_OUT = 902;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked to communicate some
       * info and/or warning about the media or its playback.
       */
      public interface OnInfoListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate an info or a warning.
           *
           * @param mp      the MediaPlayer the info pertains to.
           * @param what    the type of info or warning.
           * <ul>
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_UNKNOWN}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_RENDERING_START}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_START}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_BUFFERING_END}
           * <li><code>MEDIA_INFO_NETWORK_BANDWIDTH (703)</code> -
           *     bandwidth information is available (as <code>extra</code> kbps)
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_BAD_INTERLEAVING}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_NOT_SEEKABLE}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_METADATA_UPDATE}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_UNSUPPORTED_SUBTITLE}
           * <li>{@link #MEDIA_INFO_SUBTITLE_TIMED_OUT}
           * </ul>
           * @param extra an extra code, specific to the info. Typically
           * implementation dependent.
           * @return True if the method handled the info, false if it didn't.
           * Returning false, or not having an OnInfoListener at all, will
           * cause the info to be discarded.
           */
          boolean onInfo(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when an info/warning is available.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnInfoListener(OnInfoListener listener)
      {
          mOnInfoListener = listener;
      }
  
      @UnsupportedAppUsage
      private OnInfoListener mOnInfoListener;
  
      // Modular DRM begin
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when the app
       * can do DRM configuration (get/set properties) before the session
       * is opened. This facilitates configuration of the properties, like
       * 'securityLevel', which has to be set after DRM scheme creation but
       * before the DRM session is opened.
       *
       * The only allowed DRM calls in this listener are {@code getDrmPropertyString}
       * and {@code setDrmPropertyString}.
       *
       */
      public interface OnDrmConfigHelper
      {
          /**
           * Called to give the app the opportunity to configure DRM before the session is created
           *
           * @param mp the {@code MediaPlayer} associated with this callback
           */
          public void onDrmConfig(MediaPlayer mp);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked for configuration of the DRM object before
       * the session is created.
       * The callback will be invoked synchronously during the execution
       * of {@link #prepareDrm(UUID uuid)}.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnDrmConfigHelper(OnDrmConfigHelper listener)
      {
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              mOnDrmConfigHelper = listener;
          } // synchronized
      }
  
      private OnDrmConfigHelper mOnDrmConfigHelper;
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to be invoked when the
       * DRM info becomes available
       */
      public interface OnDrmInfoListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to indicate DRM info is available
           *
           * @param mp the {@code MediaPlayer} associated with this callback
           * @param drmInfo DRM info of the source including PSSH, and subset
           *                of crypto schemes supported by this device
           */
          public void onDrmInfo(MediaPlayer mp, DrmInfo drmInfo);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the DRM info is
       * known.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnDrmInfoListener(OnDrmInfoListener listener)
      {
          setOnDrmInfoListener(listener, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the DRM info is
       * known.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnDrmInfoListener(OnDrmInfoListener listener, Handler handler)
      {
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              if (listener != null) {
                  mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate = new OnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate(this, listener, handler);
              } else {
                  mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate = null;
              }
          } // synchronized
      }
  
      private OnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate mOnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate;
  
  
      /**
       * The status codes for {@link OnDrmPreparedListener#onDrmPrepared} listener.
       * <p>
       *
       * DRM preparation has succeeded.
       */
      public static final int PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0;
  
      /**
       * The device required DRM provisioning but couldn't reach the provisioning server.
       */
      public static final int PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR = 1;
  
      /**
       * The device required DRM provisioning but the provisioning server denied the request.
       */
      public static final int PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_SERVER_ERROR = 2;
  
      /**
       * The DRM preparation has failed .
       */
      public static final int PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR = 3;
  
  
      /** @hide */
      @IntDef({
          PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS,
          PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR,
          PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_SERVER_ERROR,
          PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR,
      })
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
      public @interface PrepareDrmStatusCode {}
  
      /**
       * Interface definition of a callback to notify the app when the
       * DRM is ready for key request/response
       */
      public interface OnDrmPreparedListener
      {
          /**
           * Called to notify the app that prepareDrm is finished and ready for key request/response
           *
           * @param mp the {@code MediaPlayer} associated with this callback
           * @param status the result of DRM preparation which can be
           * {@link #PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS},
           * {@link #PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR},
           * {@link #PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_SERVER_ERROR}, or
           * {@link #PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR}.
           */
          public void onDrmPrepared(MediaPlayer mp, @PrepareDrmStatusCode int status);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the DRM object is prepared.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       */
      public void setOnDrmPreparedListener(OnDrmPreparedListener listener)
      {
          setOnDrmPreparedListener(listener, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * Register a callback to be invoked when the DRM object is prepared.
       *
       * @param listener the callback that will be run
       * @param handler the Handler that will receive the callback
       */
      public void setOnDrmPreparedListener(OnDrmPreparedListener listener, Handler handler)
      {
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              if (listener != null) {
                  mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = new OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate(this,
                                                              listener, handler);
              } else {
                  mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = null;
              }
          } // synchronized
      }
  
      private OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate;
  
  
      private class OnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate {
          private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
          private OnDrmInfoListener mOnDrmInfoListener;
          private Handler mHandler;
  
          OnDrmInfoHandlerDelegate(MediaPlayer mp, OnDrmInfoListener listener, Handler handler) {
              mMediaPlayer = mp;
              mOnDrmInfoListener = listener;
  
              // find the looper for our new event handler
              if (handler != null) {
                  mHandler = handler;
              } else {
                  // handler == null
                  // Will let OnDrmInfoListener be called in mEventHandler similar to other
                  // legacy notifications. This is because MEDIA_DRM_INFO's notification has to be
                  // sent before MEDIA_PREPARED's (i.e., in the same order they are issued by
                  // mediaserver). As a result, the callback has to be called directly by
                  // EventHandler.handleMessage similar to onPrepared.
              }
          }
  
          void notifyClient(DrmInfo drmInfo) {
              if (mHandler != null) {
                  mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                      @Override
                      public void run() {
                         mOnDrmInfoListener.onDrmInfo(mMediaPlayer, drmInfo);
                      }
                  });
              }
              else {  // no handler: direct call by mEventHandler
                  mOnDrmInfoListener.onDrmInfo(mMediaPlayer, drmInfo);
              }
          }
      }
  
      private class OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate {
          private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
          private OnDrmPreparedListener mOnDrmPreparedListener;
          private Handler mHandler;
  
          OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate(MediaPlayer mp, OnDrmPreparedListener listener,
                  Handler handler) {
              mMediaPlayer = mp;
              mOnDrmPreparedListener = listener;
  
              // find the looper for our new event handler
              if (handler != null) {
                  mHandler = handler;
              } else if (mEventHandler != null) {
                  // Otherwise, use mEventHandler
                  mHandler = mEventHandler;
              } else {
                  Log.e(TAG, "OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate: Unexpected null mEventHandler");
              }
          }
  
          void notifyClient(int status) {
              if (mHandler != null) {
                  mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                      @Override
                      public void run() {
                          mOnDrmPreparedListener.onDrmPrepared(mMediaPlayer, status);
                      }
                  });
              } else {
                  Log.e(TAG, "OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate:notifyClient: Unexpected null mHandler");
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Retrieves the DRM Info associated with the current source
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException if called before prepare()
       */
      public DrmInfo getDrmInfo()
      {
          DrmInfo drmInfo = null;
  
          // there is not much point if the app calls getDrmInfo within an OnDrmInfoListenet;
          // regardless below returns drmInfo anyway instead of raising an exception
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              if (!mDrmInfoResolved && mDrmInfo == null) {
                  final String msg = "The Player has not been prepared yet";
                  Log.v(TAG, msg);
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              }
  
              if (mDrmInfo != null) {
                  drmInfo = mDrmInfo.makeCopy();
              }
          }   // synchronized
  
          return drmInfo;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Prepares the DRM for the current source
       * <p>
       * If {@code OnDrmConfigHelper} is registered, it will be called during
       * preparation to allow configuration of the DRM properties before opening the
       * DRM session. Note that the callback is called synchronously in the thread that called
       * {@code prepareDrm}. It should be used only for a series of {@code getDrmPropertyString}
       * and {@code setDrmPropertyString} calls and refrain from any lengthy operation.
       * <p>
       * If the device has not been provisioned before, this call also provisions the device
       * which involves accessing the provisioning server and can take a variable time to
       * complete depending on the network connectivity.
       * If {@code OnDrmPreparedListener} is registered, prepareDrm() runs in non-blocking
       * mode by launching the provisioning in the background and returning. The listener
       * will be called when provisioning and preparation has finished. If a
       * {@code OnDrmPreparedListener} is not registered, prepareDrm() waits till provisioning
       * and preparation has finished, i.e., runs in blocking mode.
       * <p>
       * If {@code OnDrmPreparedListener} is registered, it is called to indicate the DRM
       * session being ready. The application should not make any assumption about its call
       * sequence (e.g., before or after prepareDrm returns), or the thread context that will
       * execute the listener (unless the listener is registered with a handler thread).
       * <p>
       *
       * @param uuid The UUID of the crypto scheme. If not known beforehand, it can be retrieved
       * from the source through {@code getDrmInfo} or registering a {@code onDrmInfoListener}.
       *
       * @throws IllegalStateException              if called before prepare(), or the DRM was
       *                                            prepared already
       * @throws UnsupportedSchemeException         if the crypto scheme is not supported
       * @throws ResourceBusyException              if required DRM resources are in use
       * @throws ProvisioningNetworkErrorException  if provisioning is required but failed due to a
       *                                            network error
       * @throws ProvisioningServerErrorException   if provisioning is required but failed due to
       *                                            the request denied by the provisioning server
       */
      public void prepareDrm(@NonNull UUID uuid)
              throws UnsupportedSchemeException, ResourceBusyException,
                     ProvisioningNetworkErrorException, ProvisioningServerErrorException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm: uuid: " + uuid + " mOnDrmConfigHelper: " + mOnDrmConfigHelper);
  
          boolean allDoneWithoutProvisioning = false;
          // get a snapshot as we'll use them outside the lock
          OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = null;
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
  
              // only allowing if tied to a protected source; might relax for releasing offline keys
              if (mDrmInfo == null) {
                  final String msg = "prepareDrm(): Wrong usage: The player must be prepared and " +
                          "DRM info be retrieved before this call.";
                  Log.e(TAG, msg);
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              }
  
              if (mActiveDrmScheme) {
                  final String msg = "prepareDrm(): Wrong usage: There is already " +
                          "an active DRM scheme with " + mDrmUUID;
                  Log.e(TAG, msg);
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              }
  
              if (mPrepareDrmInProgress) {
                  final String msg = "prepareDrm(): Wrong usage: There is already " +
                          "a pending prepareDrm call.";
                  Log.e(TAG, msg);
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              }
  
              if (mDrmProvisioningInProgress) {
                  final String msg = "prepareDrm(): Unexpectd: Provisioning is already in progress.";
                  Log.e(TAG, msg);
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              }
  
              // shouldn't need this; just for safeguard
              cleanDrmObj();
  
              mPrepareDrmInProgress = true;
              // local copy while the lock is held
              onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate;
  
              try {
                  // only creating the DRM object to allow pre-openSession configuration
                  prepareDrm_createDrmStep(uuid);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "prepareDrm(): Exception ", e);
                  mPrepareDrmInProgress = false;
                  throw e;
              }
  
              mDrmConfigAllowed = true;
          }   // synchronized
  
  
          // call the callback outside the lock
          if (mOnDrmConfigHelper != null)  {
              mOnDrmConfigHelper.onDrmConfig(this);
          }
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              mDrmConfigAllowed = false;
              boolean earlyExit = false;
  
              try {
                  prepareDrm_openSessionStep(uuid);
  
                  mDrmUUID = uuid;
                  mActiveDrmScheme = true;
  
                  allDoneWithoutProvisioning = true;
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                  final String msg = "prepareDrm(): Wrong usage: The player must be " +
                          "in the prepared state to call prepareDrm().";
                  Log.e(TAG, msg);
                  earlyExit = true;
                  throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
              } catch (NotProvisionedException e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "prepareDrm: NotProvisionedException");
  
                  // handle provisioning internally; it'll reset mPrepareDrmInProgress
                  int result = HandleProvisioninig(uuid);
  
                  // if blocking mode, we're already done;
                  // if non-blocking mode, we attempted to launch background provisioning
                  if (result != PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
                      earlyExit = true;
                      String msg;
  
                      switch (result) {
                      case PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR:
                          msg = "prepareDrm: Provisioning was required but failed " +
                                  "due to a network error.";
                          Log.e(TAG, msg);
                          throw new ProvisioningNetworkErrorException(msg);
  
                      case PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_SERVER_ERROR:
                          msg = "prepareDrm: Provisioning was required but the request " +
                                  "was denied by the server.";
                          Log.e(TAG, msg);
                          throw new ProvisioningServerErrorException(msg);
  
                      case PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR:
                      default: // default for safeguard
                          msg = "prepareDrm: Post-provisioning preparation failed.";
                          Log.e(TAG, msg);
                          throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
                      }
                  }
                  // nothing else to do;
                  // if blocking or non-blocking, HandleProvisioninig does the re-attempt & cleanup
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.e(TAG, "prepareDrm: Exception " + e);
                  earlyExit = true;
                  throw e;
              } finally {
                  if (!mDrmProvisioningInProgress) {// if early exit other than provisioning exception
                      mPrepareDrmInProgress = false;
                  }
                  if (earlyExit) {    // cleaning up object if didn't succeed
                      cleanDrmObj();
                  }
              } // finally
          }   // synchronized
  
  
          // if finished successfully without provisioning, call the callback outside the lock
          if (allDoneWithoutProvisioning) {
              if (onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate != null)
                  onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate.notifyClient(PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS);
          }
  
      }
  
  
      private native void _releaseDrm();
  
      /**
       * Releases the DRM session
       * <p>
       * The player has to have an active DRM session and be in stopped, or prepared
       * state before this call is made.
       * A {@code reset()} call will release the DRM session implicitly.
       *
       * @throws NoDrmSchemeException if there is no active DRM session to release
       */
      public void releaseDrm()
              throws NoDrmSchemeException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "releaseDrm:");
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              if (!mActiveDrmScheme) {
                  Log.e(TAG, "releaseDrm(): No active DRM scheme to release.");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("releaseDrm: No active DRM scheme to release.");
              }
  
              try {
                  // we don't have the player's state in this layer. The below call raises
                  // exception if we're in a non-stopped/prepared state.
  
                  // for cleaning native/mediaserver crypto object
                  _releaseDrm();
  
                  // for cleaning client-side MediaDrm object; only called if above has succeeded
                  cleanDrmObj();
  
                  mActiveDrmScheme = false;
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "releaseDrm: Exception ", e);
                  throw new IllegalStateException("releaseDrm: The player is not in a valid state.");
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.e(TAG, "releaseDrm: Exception ", e);
              }
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
  
      /**
       * A key request/response exchange occurs between the app and a license server
       * to obtain or release keys used to decrypt encrypted content.
       * <p>
       * getKeyRequest() is used to obtain an opaque key request byte array that is
       * delivered to the license server.  The opaque key request byte array is returned
       * in KeyRequest.data.  The recommended URL to deliver the key request to is
       * returned in KeyRequest.defaultUrl.
       * <p>
       * After the app has received the key request response from the server,
       * it should deliver to the response to the DRM engine plugin using the method
       * {@link #provideKeyResponse}.
       *
       * @param keySetId is the key-set identifier of the offline keys being released when keyType is
       * {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_RELEASE}. It should be set to null for other key requests, when
       * keyType is {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_STREAMING} or {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_OFFLINE}.
       *
       * @param initData is the container-specific initialization data when the keyType is
       * {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_STREAMING} or {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_OFFLINE}. Its meaning is
       * interpreted based on the mime type provided in the mimeType parameter.  It could
       * contain, for example, the content ID, key ID or other data obtained from the content
       * metadata that is required in generating the key request.
       * When the keyType is {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_RELEASE}, it should be set to null.
       *
       * @param mimeType identifies the mime type of the content
       *
       * @param keyType specifies the type of the request. The request may be to acquire
       * keys for streaming, {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_STREAMING}, or for offline content
       * {@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_OFFLINE}, or to release previously acquired
       * keys ({@link MediaDrm#KEY_TYPE_RELEASE}), which are identified by a keySetId.
       *
       * @param optionalParameters are included in the key request message to
       * allow a client application to provide additional message parameters to the server.
       * This may be {@code null} if no additional parameters are to be sent.
       *
       * @throws NoDrmSchemeException if there is no active DRM session
       */
      @NonNull
      public MediaDrm.KeyRequest getKeyRequest(@Nullable byte[] keySetId, @Nullable byte[] initData,
              @Nullable String mimeType, @MediaDrm.KeyType int keyType,
              @Nullable Map<String, String> optionalParameters)
              throws NoDrmSchemeException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "getKeyRequest: " +
                  " keySetId: " + keySetId + " initData:" + initData + " mimeType: " + mimeType +
                  " keyType: " + keyType + " optionalParameters: " + optionalParameters);
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              if (!mActiveDrmScheme) {
                  Log.e(TAG, "getKeyRequest NoDrmSchemeException");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("getKeyRequest: Has to set a DRM scheme first.");
              }
  
              try {
                  byte[] scope = (keyType != MediaDrm.KEY_TYPE_RELEASE) ?
                          mDrmSessionId : // sessionId for KEY_TYPE_STREAMING/OFFLINE
                          keySetId;       // keySetId for KEY_TYPE_RELEASE
  
                  HashMap<String, String> hmapOptionalParameters =
                                                  (optionalParameters != null) ?
                                                  new HashMap<String, String>(optionalParameters) :
                                                  null;
  
                  MediaDrm.KeyRequest request = mDrmObj.getKeyRequest(scope, initData, mimeType,
                                                                keyType, hmapOptionalParameters);
                  Log.v(TAG, "getKeyRequest:   --> request: " + request);
  
                  return request;
  
              } catch (NotProvisionedException e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "getKeyRequest NotProvisionedException: " +
                          "Unexpected. Shouldn't have reached here.");
                  throw new IllegalStateException("getKeyRequest: Unexpected provisioning error.");
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "getKeyRequest Exception " + e);
                  throw e;
              }
  
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
  
      /**
       * A key response is received from the license server by the app, then it is
       * provided to the DRM engine plugin using provideKeyResponse. When the
       * response is for an offline key request, a key-set identifier is returned that
       * can be used to later restore the keys to a new session with the method
       * {@ link # restoreKeys}.
       * When the response is for a streaming or release request, null is returned.
       *
       * @param keySetId When the response is for a release request, keySetId identifies
       * the saved key associated with the release request (i.e., the same keySetId
       * passed to the earlier {@ link # getKeyRequest} call. It MUST be null when the
       * response is for either streaming or offline key requests.
       *
       * @param response the byte array response from the server
       *
       * @throws NoDrmSchemeException if there is no active DRM session
       * @throws DeniedByServerException if the response indicates that the
       * server rejected the request
       */
      public byte[] provideKeyResponse(@Nullable byte[] keySetId, @NonNull byte[] response)
              throws NoDrmSchemeException, DeniedByServerException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "provideKeyResponse: keySetId: " + keySetId + " response: " + response);
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
  
              if (!mActiveDrmScheme) {
                  Log.e(TAG, "getKeyRequest NoDrmSchemeException");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("getKeyRequest: Has to set a DRM scheme first.");
              }
  
              try {
                  byte[] scope = (keySetId == null) ?
                                  mDrmSessionId :     // sessionId for KEY_TYPE_STREAMING/OFFLINE
                                  keySetId;           // keySetId for KEY_TYPE_RELEASE
  
                  byte[] keySetResult = mDrmObj.provideKeyResponse(scope, response);
  
                  Log.v(TAG, "provideKeyResponse: keySetId: " + keySetId + " response: " + response +
                          " --> " + keySetResult);
  
  
                  return keySetResult;
  
              } catch (NotProvisionedException e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "provideKeyResponse NotProvisionedException: " +
                          "Unexpected. Shouldn't have reached here.");
                  throw new IllegalStateException("provideKeyResponse: " +
                          "Unexpected provisioning error.");
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "provideKeyResponse Exception " + e);
                  throw e;
              }
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Restore persisted offline keys into a new session.  keySetId identifies the
       * keys to load, obtained from a prior call to {@link #provideKeyResponse}.
       *
       * @param keySetId identifies the saved key set to restore
       */
      public void restoreKeys(@NonNull byte[] keySetId)
              throws NoDrmSchemeException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "restoreKeys: keySetId: " + keySetId);
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
  
              if (!mActiveDrmScheme) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "restoreKeys NoDrmSchemeException");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("restoreKeys: Has to set a DRM scheme first.");
              }
  
              try {
                  mDrmObj.restoreKeys(mDrmSessionId, keySetId);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "restoreKeys Exception " + e);
                  throw e;
              }
  
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Read a DRM engine plugin String property value, given the property name string.
       * <p>
       * @param propertyName the property name
       *
       * Standard fields names are:
       * {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_VENDOR}, {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_VERSION},
       * {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_DESCRIPTION}, {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_ALGORITHMS}
       */
      @NonNull
      public String getDrmPropertyString(@NonNull @MediaDrm.StringProperty String propertyName)
              throws NoDrmSchemeException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "getDrmPropertyString: propertyName: " + propertyName);
  
          String value;
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
  
              if (!mActiveDrmScheme && !mDrmConfigAllowed) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "getDrmPropertyString NoDrmSchemeException");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("getDrmPropertyString: Has to prepareDrm() first.");
              }
  
              try {
                  value = mDrmObj.getPropertyString(propertyName);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "getDrmPropertyString Exception " + e);
                  throw e;
              }
          }   // synchronized
  
          Log.v(TAG, "getDrmPropertyString: propertyName: " + propertyName + " --> value: " + value);
  
          return value;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Set a DRM engine plugin String property value.
       * <p>
       * @param propertyName the property name
       * @param value the property value
       *
       * Standard fields names are:
       * {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_VENDOR}, {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_VERSION},
       * {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_DESCRIPTION}, {@link MediaDrm#PROPERTY_ALGORITHMS}
       */
      public void setDrmPropertyString(@NonNull @MediaDrm.StringProperty String propertyName,
                                       @NonNull String value)
              throws NoDrmSchemeException
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "setDrmPropertyString: propertyName: " + propertyName + " value: " + value);
  
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
  
              if ( !mActiveDrmScheme && !mDrmConfigAllowed ) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "setDrmPropertyString NoDrmSchemeException");
                  throw new NoDrmSchemeException("setDrmPropertyString: Has to prepareDrm() first.");
              }
  
              try {
                  mDrmObj.setPropertyString(propertyName, value);
              } catch ( Exception e ) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "setDrmPropertyString Exception " + e);
                  throw e;
              }
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
      /**
       * Encapsulates the DRM properties of the source.
       */
      public static final class DrmInfo {
          private Map<UUID, byte[]> mapPssh;
          private UUID[] supportedSchemes;
  
          /**
           * Returns the PSSH info of the data source for each supported DRM scheme.
           */
          public Map<UUID, byte[]> getPssh() {
              return mapPssh;
          }
  
          /**
           * Returns the intersection of the data source and the device DRM schemes.
           * It effectively identifies the subset of the source's DRM schemes which
           * are supported by the device too.
           */
          public UUID[] getSupportedSchemes() {
              return supportedSchemes;
          }
  
          private DrmInfo(Map<UUID, byte[]> Pssh, UUID[] SupportedSchemes) {
              mapPssh = Pssh;
              supportedSchemes = SupportedSchemes;
          }
  
          private DrmInfo(Parcel parcel) {
              Log.v(TAG, "DrmInfo(" + parcel + ") size " + parcel.dataSize());
  
              int psshsize = parcel.readInt();
              byte[] pssh = new byte[psshsize];
              parcel.readByteArray(pssh);
  
              Log.v(TAG, "DrmInfo() PSSH: " + arrToHex(pssh));
              mapPssh = parsePSSH(pssh, psshsize);
              Log.v(TAG, "DrmInfo() PSSH: " + mapPssh);
  
              int supportedDRMsCount = parcel.readInt();
              supportedSchemes = new UUID[supportedDRMsCount];
              for (int i = 0; i < supportedDRMsCount; i++) {
                  byte[] uuid = new byte[16];
                  parcel.readByteArray(uuid);
  
                  supportedSchemes[i] = bytesToUUID(uuid);
  
                  Log.v(TAG, "DrmInfo() supportedScheme[" + i + "]: " +
                        supportedSchemes[i]);
              }
  
              Log.v(TAG, "DrmInfo() Parcel psshsize: " + psshsize +
                    " supportedDRMsCount: " + supportedDRMsCount);
          }
  
          private DrmInfo makeCopy() {
              return new DrmInfo(this.mapPssh, this.supportedSchemes);
          }
  
          private String arrToHex(byte[] bytes) {
              String out = "0x";
              for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
                  out += String.format("%02x", bytes[i]);
              }
  
              return out;
          }
  
          private UUID bytesToUUID(byte[] uuid) {
              long msb = 0, lsb = 0;
              for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                  msb |= ( ((long)uuid[i]   & 0xff) << (8 * (7 - i)) );
                  lsb |= ( ((long)uuid[i+8] & 0xff) << (8 * (7 - i)) );
              }
  
              return new UUID(msb, lsb);
          }
  
          private Map<UUID, byte[]> parsePSSH(byte[] pssh, int psshsize) {
              Map<UUID, byte[]> result = new HashMap<UUID, byte[]>();
  
              final int UUID_SIZE = 16;
              final int DATALEN_SIZE = 4;
  
              int len = psshsize;
              int numentries = 0;
              int i = 0;
  
              while (len > 0) {
                  if (len < UUID_SIZE) {
                      Log.w(TAG, String.format("parsePSSH: len is too short to parse " +
                                               "UUID: (%d < 16) pssh: %d", len, psshsize));
                      return null;
                  }
  
                  byte[] subset = Arrays.copyOfRange(pssh, i, i + UUID_SIZE);
                  UUID uuid = bytesToUUID(subset);
                  i += UUID_SIZE;
                  len -= UUID_SIZE;
  
                  // get data length
                  if (len < 4) {
                      Log.w(TAG, String.format("parsePSSH: len is too short to parse " +
                                               "datalen: (%d < 4) pssh: %d", len, psshsize));
                      return null;
                  }
  
                  subset = Arrays.copyOfRange(pssh, i, i+DATALEN_SIZE);
                  int datalen = (ByteOrder.nativeOrder() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) ?
                      ((subset[3] & 0xff) << 24) | ((subset[2] & 0xff) << 16) |
                      ((subset[1] & 0xff) <<  8) |  (subset[0] & 0xff)          :
                      ((subset[0] & 0xff) << 24) | ((subset[1] & 0xff) << 16) |
                      ((subset[2] & 0xff) <<  8) |  (subset[3] & 0xff) ;
                  i += DATALEN_SIZE;
                  len -= DATALEN_SIZE;
  
                  if (len < datalen) {
                      Log.w(TAG, String.format("parsePSSH: len is too short to parse " +
                                               "data: (%d < %d) pssh: %d", len, datalen, psshsize));
                      return null;
                  }
  
                  byte[] data = Arrays.copyOfRange(pssh, i, i+datalen);
  
                  // skip the data
                  i += datalen;
                  len -= datalen;
  
                  Log.v(TAG, String.format("parsePSSH[%d]: <%s, %s> pssh: %d",
                                           numentries, uuid, arrToHex(data), psshsize));
                  numentries++;
                  result.put(uuid, data);
              }
  
              return result;
          }
  
      };  // DrmInfo
  
      /**
       * Thrown when a DRM method is called before preparing a DRM scheme through prepareDrm().
       * Extends MediaDrm.MediaDrmException
       */
      public static final class NoDrmSchemeException extends MediaDrmException {
          public NoDrmSchemeException(String detailMessage) {
              super(detailMessage);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Thrown when the device requires DRM provisioning but the provisioning attempt has
       * failed due to a network error (Internet reachability, timeout, etc.).
       * Extends MediaDrm.MediaDrmException
       */
      public static final class ProvisioningNetworkErrorException extends MediaDrmException {
          public ProvisioningNetworkErrorException(String detailMessage) {
              super(detailMessage);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Thrown when the device requires DRM provisioning but the provisioning attempt has
       * failed due to the provisioning server denying the request.
       * Extends MediaDrm.MediaDrmException
       */
      public static final class ProvisioningServerErrorException extends MediaDrmException {
          public ProvisioningServerErrorException(String detailMessage) {
              super(detailMessage);
          }
      }
  
  
      private native void _prepareDrm(@NonNull byte[] uuid, @NonNull byte[] drmSessionId);
  
          // Modular DRM helpers
  
      private void prepareDrm_createDrmStep(@NonNull UUID uuid)
              throws UnsupportedSchemeException {
          Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm_createDrmStep: UUID: " + uuid);
  
          try {
              mDrmObj = new MediaDrm(uuid);
              Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm_createDrmStep: Created mDrmObj=" + mDrmObj);
          } catch (Exception e) { // UnsupportedSchemeException
              Log.e(TAG, "prepareDrm_createDrmStep: MediaDrm failed with " + e);
              throw e;
          }
      }
  
      private void prepareDrm_openSessionStep(@NonNull UUID uuid)
              throws NotProvisionedException, ResourceBusyException {
          Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm_openSessionStep: uuid: " + uuid);
  
          // TODO: don't need an open session for a future specialKeyReleaseDrm mode but we should do
          // it anyway so it raises provisioning error if needed. We'd rather handle provisioning
          // at prepareDrm/openSession rather than getKeyRequest/provideKeyResponse
          try {
              mDrmSessionId = mDrmObj.openSession();
              Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm_openSessionStep: mDrmSessionId=" + mDrmSessionId);
  
              // Sending it down to native/mediaserver to create the crypto object
              // This call could simply fail due to bad player state, e.g., after start().
              _prepareDrm(getByteArrayFromUUID(uuid), mDrmSessionId);
              Log.v(TAG, "prepareDrm_openSessionStep: _prepareDrm/Crypto succeeded");
  
          } catch (Exception e) { //ResourceBusyException, NotProvisionedException
              Log.e(TAG, "prepareDrm_openSessionStep: open/crypto failed with " + e);
              throw e;
          }
  
      }
  
      private class ProvisioningThread extends Thread
      {
          public static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
  
          private UUID uuid;
          private String urlStr;
          private Object drmLock;
          private OnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate;
          private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
          private int status;
          private boolean finished;
          public  int status() {
              return status;
          }
  
          public ProvisioningThread initialize(MediaDrm.ProvisionRequest request,
                                            UUID uuid, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer) {
              // lock is held by the caller
              drmLock = mediaPlayer.mDrmLock;
              onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate = mediaPlayer.mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate;
              this.mediaPlayer = mediaPlayer;
  
              urlStr = request.getDefaultUrl() + "&signedRequest=" + new String(request.getData());
              this.uuid = uuid;
  
              status = PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR;
  
              Log.v(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread is initialised url: " + urlStr);
              return this;
          }
  
          public void run() {
  
              byte[] response = null;
              boolean provisioningSucceeded = false;
              try {
                  URL url = new URL(urlStr);
                  final HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                  try {
                      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                      connection.setDoOutput(false);
                      connection.setDoInput(true);
                      connection.setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MS);
                      connection.setReadTimeout(TIMEOUT_MS);
  
                      connection.connect();
                      response = Streams.readFully(connection.getInputStream());
  
                      Log.v(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run: response " +
                              response.length + " " + response);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      status = PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR;
                      Log.w(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run: connect " + e + " url: " + url);
                  } finally {
                      connection.disconnect();
                  }
              } catch (Exception e)   {
                  status = PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_NETWORK_ERROR;
                  Log.w(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run: openConnection " + e);
              }
  
              if (response != null) {
                  try {
                      mDrmObj.provideProvisionResponse(response);
                      Log.v(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run: " +
                              "provideProvisionResponse SUCCEEDED!");
  
                      provisioningSucceeded = true;
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      status = PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PROVISIONING_SERVER_ERROR;
                      Log.w(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run: " +
                              "provideProvisionResponse " + e);
                  }
              }
  
              boolean succeeded = false;
  
              // non-blocking mode needs the lock
              if (onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate != null) {
  
                  synchronized (drmLock) {
                      // continuing with prepareDrm
                      if (provisioningSucceeded) {
                          succeeded = mediaPlayer.resumePrepareDrm(uuid);
                          status = (succeeded) ?
                                  PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS :
                                  PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR;
                      }
                      mediaPlayer.mDrmProvisioningInProgress = false;
                      mediaPlayer.mPrepareDrmInProgress = false;
                      if (!succeeded) {
                          cleanDrmObj();  // cleaning up if it hasn't gone through while in the lock
                      }
                  } // synchronized
  
                  // calling the callback outside the lock
                  onDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate.notifyClient(status);
              } else {   // blocking mode already has the lock
  
                  // continuing with prepareDrm
                  if (provisioningSucceeded) {
                      succeeded = mediaPlayer.resumePrepareDrm(uuid);
                      status = (succeeded) ?
                              PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS :
                              PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR;
                  }
                  mediaPlayer.mDrmProvisioningInProgress = false;
                  mediaPlayer.mPrepareDrmInProgress = false;
                  if (!succeeded) {
                      cleanDrmObj();  // cleaning up if it hasn't gone through
                  }
              }
  
              finished = true;
          }   // run()
  
      }   // ProvisioningThread
  
      private int HandleProvisioninig(UUID uuid)
      {
          // the lock is already held by the caller
  
          if (mDrmProvisioningInProgress) {
              Log.e(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Unexpected mDrmProvisioningInProgress");
              return PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR;
          }
  
          MediaDrm.ProvisionRequest provReq = mDrmObj.getProvisionRequest();
          if (provReq == null) {
              Log.e(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: getProvisionRequest returned null.");
              return PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_PREPARATION_ERROR;
          }
  
          Log.v(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig provReq " +
                  " data: " + provReq.getData() + " url: " + provReq.getDefaultUrl());
  
          // networking in a background thread
          mDrmProvisioningInProgress = true;
  
          mDrmProvisioningThread = new ProvisioningThread().initialize(provReq, uuid, this);
          mDrmProvisioningThread.start();
  
          int result;
  
          // non-blocking: this is not the final result
          if (mOnDrmPreparedHandlerDelegate != null) {
              result = PREPARE_DRM_STATUS_SUCCESS;
          } else {
              // if blocking mode, wait till provisioning is done
              try {
                  mDrmProvisioningThread.join();
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  Log.w(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread.join Exception " + e);
              }
              result = mDrmProvisioningThread.status();
              // no longer need the thread
              mDrmProvisioningThread = null;
          }
  
          return result;
      }
  
      private boolean resumePrepareDrm(UUID uuid)
      {
          Log.v(TAG, "resumePrepareDrm: uuid: " + uuid);
  
          // mDrmLock is guaranteed to be held
          boolean success = false;
          try {
              // resuming
              prepareDrm_openSessionStep(uuid);
  
              mDrmUUID = uuid;
              mActiveDrmScheme = true;
  
              success = true;
          } catch (Exception e) {
              Log.w(TAG, "HandleProvisioninig: Thread run _prepareDrm resume failed with " + e);
              // mDrmObj clean up is done by the caller
          }
  
          return success;
      }
  
      private void resetDrmState()
      {
          synchronized (mDrmLock) {
              Log.v(TAG, "resetDrmState: " +
                      " mDrmInfo=" + mDrmInfo +
                      " mDrmProvisioningThread=" + mDrmProvisioningThread +
                      " mPrepareDrmInProgress=" + mPrepareDrmInProgress +
                      " mActiveDrmScheme=" + mActiveDrmScheme);
  
              mDrmInfoResolved = false;
              mDrmInfo = null;
  
              if (mDrmProvisioningThread != null) {
                  // timeout; relying on HttpUrlConnection
                  try {
                      mDrmProvisioningThread.join();
                  }
                  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                      Log.w(TAG, "resetDrmState: ProvThread.join Exception " + e);
                  }
                  mDrmProvisioningThread = null;
              }
  
              mPrepareDrmInProgress = false;
              mActiveDrmScheme = false;
  
              cleanDrmObj();
          }   // synchronized
      }
  
      private void cleanDrmObj()
      {
          // the caller holds mDrmLock
          Log.v(TAG, "cleanDrmObj: mDrmObj=" + mDrmObj + " mDrmSessionId=" + mDrmSessionId);
  
          if (mDrmSessionId != null)    {
              mDrmObj.closeSession(mDrmSessionId);
              mDrmSessionId = null;
          }
          if (mDrmObj != null) {
              mDrmObj.release();
              mDrmObj = null;
          }
      }
  
      private static final byte[] getByteArrayFromUUID(@NonNull UUID uuid) {
          long msb = uuid.getMostSignificantBits();
          long lsb = uuid.getLeastSignificantBits();
  
          byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
          for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
              uuidBytes[i] = (byte)(msb >>> (8 * (7 - i)));
              uuidBytes[8 + i] = (byte)(lsb >>> (8 * (7 - i)));
          }
  
          return uuidBytes;
      }
  
      // Modular DRM end
  
      /*
       * Test whether a given video scaling mode is supported.
       */
      private boolean isVideoScalingModeSupported(int mode) {
          return (mode == VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT ||
                  mode == VIDEO_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_FIT_WITH_CROPPING);
      }
  
      /** @hide */
      static class TimeProvider implements MediaPlayer.OnSeekCompleteListener,
              MediaTimeProvider {
          private static final String TAG = "MTP";
          private static final long MAX_NS_WITHOUT_POSITION_CHECK = 5000000000L;
          private static final long MAX_EARLY_CALLBACK_US = 1000;
          private static final long TIME_ADJUSTMENT_RATE = 2;  /* meaning 1/2 */
          private long mLastTimeUs = 0;
          private MediaPlayer mPlayer;
          private boolean mPaused = true;
          private boolean mStopped = true;
          private boolean mBuffering;
          private long mLastReportedTime;
          // since we are expecting only a handful listeners per stream, there is
          // no need for log(N) search performance
          private MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener mListeners[];
          private long mTimes[];
          private Handler mEventHandler;
          private boolean mRefresh = false;
          private boolean mPausing = false;
          private boolean mSeeking = false;
          private static final int NOTIFY = 1;
          private static final int NOTIFY_TIME = 0;
          private static final int NOTIFY_STOP = 2;
          private static final int NOTIFY_SEEK = 3;
          private static final int NOTIFY_TRACK_DATA = 4;
          private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
  
          /** @hide */
          public boolean DEBUG = false;
  
          public TimeProvider(MediaPlayer mp) {
              mPlayer = mp;
              try {
                  getCurrentTimeUs(true, false);
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                  // we assume starting position
                  mRefresh = true;
              }
  
              Looper looper;
              if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) == null &&
                  (looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) == null) {
                  // Create our own looper here in case MP was created without one
                  mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("MediaPlayerMTPEventThread",
                        Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
                  mHandlerThread.start();
                  looper = mHandlerThread.getLooper();
              }
              mEventHandler = new EventHandler(looper);
  
              mListeners = new MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener[0];
              mTimes = new long[0];
              mLastTimeUs = 0;
          }
  
          private void scheduleNotification(int type, long delayUs) {
              // ignore time notifications until seek is handled
              if (mSeeking && type == NOTIFY_TIME) {
                  return;
              }
  
              if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "scheduleNotification " + type + " in " + delayUs);
              mEventHandler.removeMessages(NOTIFY);
              Message msg = mEventHandler.obtainMessage(NOTIFY, type, 0);
              mEventHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, (int) (delayUs / 1000));
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void close() {
              mEventHandler.removeMessages(NOTIFY);
              if (mHandlerThread != null) {
                  mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
                  mHandlerThread = null;
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          protected void finalize() {
              if (mHandlerThread != null) {
                  mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void onNotifyTime() {
              synchronized (this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onNotifyTime: ");
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void onPaused(boolean paused) {
              synchronized(this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onPaused: " + paused);
                  if (mStopped) { // handle as seek if we were stopped
                      mStopped = false;
                      mSeeking = true;
                      scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_SEEK, 0 /* delay */);
                  } else {
                      mPausing = paused;  // special handling if player disappeared
                      mSeeking = false;
                      scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void onBuffering(boolean buffering) {
              synchronized (this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onBuffering: " + buffering);
                  mBuffering = buffering;
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void onStopped() {
              synchronized(this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onStopped");
                  mPaused = true;
                  mStopped = true;
                  mSeeking = false;
                  mBuffering = false;
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_STOP, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          @Override
          public void onSeekComplete(MediaPlayer mp) {
              synchronized(this) {
                  mStopped = false;
                  mSeeking = true;
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_SEEK, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          /** @hide */
          public void onNewPlayer() {
              if (mRefresh) {
                  synchronized(this) {
                      mStopped = false;
                      mSeeking = true;
                      mBuffering = false;
                      scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_SEEK, 0 /* delay */);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          private synchronized void notifySeek() {
              mSeeking = false;
              try {
                  long timeUs = getCurrentTimeUs(true, false);
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onSeekComplete at " + timeUs);
  
                  for (MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener: mListeners) {
                      if (listener == null) {
                          break;
                      }
                      listener.onSeek(timeUs);
                  }
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                  // we should not be there, but at least signal pause
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "onSeekComplete but no player");
                  mPausing = true;  // special handling if player disappeared
                  notifyTimedEvent(false /* refreshTime */);
              }
          }
  
          private synchronized void notifyTrackData(Pair<SubtitleTrack, byte[]> trackData) {
              SubtitleTrack track = trackData.first;
              byte[] data = trackData.second;
              track.onData(data, true /* eos */, ~0 /* runID: keep forever */);
          }
  
          private synchronized void notifyStop() {
              for (MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener: mListeners) {
                  if (listener == null) {
                      break;
                  }
                  listener.onStop();
              }
          }
  
          private int registerListener(MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener) {
              int i = 0;
              for (; i < mListeners.length; i++) {
                  if (mListeners[i] == listener || mListeners[i] == null) {
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              // new listener
              if (i >= mListeners.length) {
                  MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener[] newListeners =
                      new MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener[i + 1];
                  long[] newTimes = new long[i + 1];
                  System.arraycopy(mListeners, 0, newListeners, 0, mListeners.length);
                  System.arraycopy(mTimes, 0, newTimes, 0, mTimes.length);
                  mListeners = newListeners;
                  mTimes = newTimes;
              }
  
              if (mListeners[i] == null) {
                  mListeners[i] = listener;
                  mTimes[i] = MediaTimeProvider.NO_TIME;
              }
              return i;
          }
  
          public void notifyAt(
                  long timeUs, MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener) {
              synchronized(this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "notifyAt " + timeUs);
                  mTimes[registerListener(listener)] = timeUs;
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          public void scheduleUpdate(MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener) {
              synchronized(this) {
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "scheduleUpdate");
                  int i = registerListener(listener);
  
                  if (!mStopped) {
                      mTimes[i] = 0;
                      scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          public void cancelNotifications(
                  MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener) {
              synchronized(this) {
                  int i = 0;
                  for (; i < mListeners.length; i++) {
                      if (mListeners[i] == listener) {
                          System.arraycopy(mListeners, i + 1,
                                  mListeners, i, mListeners.length - i - 1);
                          System.arraycopy(mTimes, i + 1,
                                  mTimes, i, mTimes.length - i - 1);
                          mListeners[mListeners.length - 1] = null;
                          mTimes[mTimes.length - 1] = NO_TIME;
                          break;
                      } else if (mListeners[i] == null) {
                          break;
                      }
                  }
  
                  scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_TIME, 0 /* delay */);
              }
          }
  
          private synchronized void notifyTimedEvent(boolean refreshTime) {
              // figure out next callback
              long nowUs;
              try {
                  nowUs = getCurrentTimeUs(refreshTime, true);
              } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                  // assume we paused until new player arrives
                  mRefresh = true;
                  mPausing = true; // this ensures that call succeeds
                  nowUs = getCurrentTimeUs(refreshTime, true);
              }
              long nextTimeUs = nowUs;
  
              if (mSeeking) {
                  // skip timed-event notifications until seek is complete
                  return;
              }
  
              if (DEBUG) {
                  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                  sb.append("notifyTimedEvent(").append(mLastTimeUs).append(" -> ")
                          .append(nowUs).append(") from {");
                  boolean first = true;
                  for (long time: mTimes) {
                      if (time == NO_TIME) {
                          continue;
                      }
                      if (!first) sb.append(", ");
                      sb.append(time);
                      first = false;
                  }
                  sb.append("}");
                  Log.d(TAG, sb.toString());
              }
  
              Vector<MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener> activatedListeners =
                  new Vector<MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener>();
              for (int ix = 0; ix < mTimes.length; ix++) {
                  if (mListeners[ix] == null) {
                      break;
                  }
                  if (mTimes[ix] <= NO_TIME) {
                      // ignore, unless we were stopped
                  } else if (mTimes[ix] <= nowUs + MAX_EARLY_CALLBACK_US) {
                      activatedListeners.add(mListeners[ix]);
                      if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "removed");
                      mTimes[ix] = NO_TIME;
                  } else if (nextTimeUs == nowUs || mTimes[ix] < nextTimeUs) {
                      nextTimeUs = mTimes[ix];
                  }
              }
  
              if (nextTimeUs > nowUs && !mPaused) {
                  // schedule callback at nextTimeUs
                  if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "scheduling for " + nextTimeUs + " and " + nowUs);
                  mPlayer.notifyAt(nextTimeUs);
              } else {
                  mEventHandler.removeMessages(NOTIFY);
                  // no more callbacks
              }
  
              for (MediaTimeProvider.OnMediaTimeListener listener: activatedListeners) {
                  listener.onTimedEvent(nowUs);
              }
          }
  
          public long getCurrentTimeUs(boolean refreshTime, boolean monotonic)
                  throws IllegalStateException {
              synchronized (this) {
                  // we always refresh the time when the paused-state changes, because
                  // we expect to have received the pause-change event delayed.
                  if (mPaused && !refreshTime) {
                      return mLastReportedTime;
                  }
  
                  try {
                      mLastTimeUs = mPlayer.getCurrentPosition() * 1000L;
                      mPaused = !mPlayer.isPlaying() || mBuffering;
                      if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, (mPaused ? "paused" : "playing") + " at " + mLastTimeUs);
                  } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                      if (mPausing) {
                          // if we were pausing, get last estimated timestamp
                          mPausing = false;
                          if (!monotonic || mLastReportedTime < mLastTimeUs) {
                              mLastReportedTime = mLastTimeUs;
                          }
                          mPaused = true;
                          if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "illegal state, but pausing: estimating at " + mLastReportedTime);
                          return mLastReportedTime;
                      }
                      // TODO get time when prepared
                      throw e;
                  }
                  if (monotonic && mLastTimeUs < mLastReportedTime) {
                      /* have to adjust time */
                      if (mLastReportedTime - mLastTimeUs > 1000000) {
                          // schedule seeked event if time jumped significantly
                          // TODO: do this properly by introducing an exception
                          mStopped = false;
                          mSeeking = true;
                          scheduleNotification(NOTIFY_SEEK, 0 /* delay */);
                      }
                  } else {
                      mLastReportedTime = mLastTimeUs;
                  }
  
                  return mLastReportedTime;
              }
          }
  
          private class EventHandler extends Handler {
              public EventHandler(Looper looper) {
                  super(looper);
              }
  
              @Override
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                  if (msg.what == NOTIFY) {
                      switch (msg.arg1) {
                      case NOTIFY_TIME:
                          notifyTimedEvent(true /* refreshTime */);
                          break;
                      case NOTIFY_STOP:
                          notifyStop();
                          break;
                      case NOTIFY_SEEK:
                          notifySeek();
                          break;
                      case NOTIFY_TRACK_DATA:
                          notifyTrackData((Pair<SubtitleTrack, byte[]>)msg.obj);
                          break;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      public final static class MetricsConstants
      {
          private MetricsConstants() {}
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the MIME type of the video track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a String.
           */
          public static final String MIME_TYPE_VIDEO = "android.media.mediaplayer.video.mime";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the codec being used to decode the video track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a String.
           */
          public static final String CODEC_VIDEO = "android.media.mediaplayer.video.codec";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the width (in pixels) of the video track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String WIDTH = "android.media.mediaplayer.width";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the height (in pixels) of the video track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String HEIGHT = "android.media.mediaplayer.height";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the count of video frames played
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String FRAMES = "android.media.mediaplayer.frames";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the count of video frames dropped
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String FRAMES_DROPPED = "android.media.mediaplayer.dropped";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the MIME type of the audio track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a String.
           */
          public static final String MIME_TYPE_AUDIO = "android.media.mediaplayer.audio.mime";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the codec being used to decode the audio track
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a String.
           */
          public static final String CODEC_AUDIO = "android.media.mediaplayer.audio.codec";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the duration (in milliseconds) of the
           * media being played
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a long.
           */
          public static final String DURATION = "android.media.mediaplayer.durationMs";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the playing time (in milliseconds) of the
           * media being played
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is a long.
           */
          public static final String PLAYING = "android.media.mediaplayer.playingMs";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract the count of errors encountered while
           * playing the media
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String ERRORS = "android.media.mediaplayer.err";
  
          /**
           * Key to extract an (optional) error code detected while
           * playing the media
           * from the {@link MediaPlayer#getMetrics} return value.
           * The value is an integer.
           */
          public static final String ERROR_CODE = "android.media.mediaplayer.errcode";
  
      }
  }
  