content: // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
  // Copyright 2013 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
  // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
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  // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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  // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  // this software without specific prior written permission.
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  // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
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  package com.google.protobuf.nano;
  
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.MapTestProto.TestMap;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.CodedOutputByteBufferNano;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.NanoAccessorsOuterClass.TestNanoAccessors;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.NanoHasOuterClass.TestAllTypesNanoHas;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.NanoOuterClass.TestAllTypesNano;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.UnittestRecursiveNano.RecursiveMessageNano;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.NanoReferenceTypesCompat;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.UnittestSimpleNano.SimpleMessageNano;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.UnittestSingleNano.SingleMessageNano;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.testext.nano.Extensions;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.testext.nano.Extensions.AnotherMessage;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.testext.nano.Extensions.MessageWithGroup;
  import com.google.protobuf.nano.testimport.nano.UnittestImportNano;
  
  import junit.framework.TestCase;
  
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.TreeMap;
  
  /**
   * Test nano runtime.
   *
   * @author ulas@google.com Ulas Kirazci
   */
  public class NanoTest extends TestCase {
    @Override
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
    }
  
    public void testSimpleMessageNano() throws Exception {
      SimpleMessageNano msg = new SimpleMessageNano();
      assertEquals(123, msg.d);
      assertEquals(null, msg.nestedMsg);
      assertEquals(SimpleMessageNano.BAZ, msg.defaultNestedEnum);
  
      msg.d = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.d);
  
      SimpleMessageNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg = new SimpleMessageNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg.bb = 2;
      assertEquals(2, nestedMsg.bb);
      msg.nestedMsg = nestedMsg;
      assertEquals(2, msg.nestedMsg.bb);
  
      msg.defaultNestedEnum = SimpleMessageNano.BAR;
      assertEquals(SimpleMessageNano.BAR, msg.defaultNestedEnum);
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      SimpleMessageNano newMsg = SimpleMessageNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.d);
      assertEquals(2, msg.nestedMsg.bb);
      assertEquals(SimpleMessageNano.BAR, msg.defaultNestedEnum);
  
      msg.nestedMsg = null;
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize != msg.getSerializedSize());
  
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.getSerializedSize());
    }
  
    public void testRecursiveMessageNano() throws Exception {
      RecursiveMessageNano msg = new RecursiveMessageNano();
      assertTrue(msg.repeatedRecursiveMessageNano.length == 0);
  
      RecursiveMessageNano msg1 = new RecursiveMessageNano();
      msg1.id = 1;
      assertEquals(1, msg1.id);
      RecursiveMessageNano msg2 = new RecursiveMessageNano();
      msg2.id = 2;
      RecursiveMessageNano msg3 = new RecursiveMessageNano();
      msg3.id = 3;
  
      RecursiveMessageNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg = new RecursiveMessageNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg.a = msg1;
      assertEquals(1, nestedMsg.a.id);
  
      msg.id = 0;
      msg.nestedMessage = nestedMsg;
      msg.optionalRecursiveMessageNano = msg2;
      msg.repeatedRecursiveMessageNano = new RecursiveMessageNano[] { msg3 };
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 16);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      RecursiveMessageNano newMsg = RecursiveMessageNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedRecursiveMessageNano.length);
  
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.id);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.nestedMessage.a.id);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.optionalRecursiveMessageNano.id);
      assertEquals(3, newMsg.repeatedRecursiveMessageNano[0].id);
    }
  
    public void testMessageNoFields() {
      SingleMessageNano msg = new SingleMessageNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.getSerializedSize());
      assertEquals(0, MessageNano.toByteArray(msg).length);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRequiredInt32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.id = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.id);
      msg.clear().id = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.id);
      msg.clear();
  
      msg.id = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 3);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.id);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalInt32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalInt32 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalInt32);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalInt32 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalInt32);
      msg.clear();
  
      msg.optionalInt32 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 5);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalInt32);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalInt64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalInt64 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalInt64);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalInt64 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalInt64);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalInt64);
  
      msg.optionalInt64 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 5);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalInt64);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalUint32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalUint32 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalUint32);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalUint32 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalUint32);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalUint32);
  
      msg.optionalUint32 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 5);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalUint32);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalUint64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalUint64 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalUint64);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalUint64 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalUint64);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalUint64);
  
      msg.optionalUint64 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 5);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalUint64);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalSint32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalSint32 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalSint32);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalSint32 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalSint32);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalSint32);
  
      msg.optionalSint32 = -123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(-123, newMsg.optionalSint32);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalSint64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalSint64 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalSint64);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalSint64 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalSint64);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalSint64);
  
      msg.optionalSint64 = -123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(-123, newMsg.optionalSint64);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalFixed32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalFixed32 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalFixed32);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalFixed32 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalFixed32);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalFixed32);
  
      msg.optionalFixed32 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalFixed32);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalFixed64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalFixed64 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalFixed64);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalFixed64 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalFixed64);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalFixed64);
  
      msg.optionalFixed64 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 12);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalFixed64);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalSfixed32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalSfixed32 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalSfixed32);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalSfixed32 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalSfixed32);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalSfixed32);
  
      msg.optionalSfixed32 = 123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalSfixed32);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalSfixed64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalSfixed64 = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.optionalSfixed64);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalSfixed64 = 456;
      assertEquals(456, msg.optionalSfixed64);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.optionalSfixed64);
  
      msg.optionalSfixed64 = -123;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 12);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(-123, newMsg.optionalSfixed64);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalFloat() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalFloat = 123f;
      assertTrue(123.0f == msg.optionalFloat);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalFloat = 456.0f;
      assertTrue(456.0f == msg.optionalFloat);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(0.0f == msg.optionalFloat);
  
      msg.optionalFloat = -123.456f;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(-123.456f == newMsg.optionalFloat);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalDouble() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalDouble = 123;
      assertTrue(123.0 == msg.optionalDouble);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalDouble = 456.0;
      assertTrue(456.0 == msg.optionalDouble);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(0.0 == msg.optionalDouble);
  
      msg.optionalDouble = -123.456;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 12);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(-123.456 == newMsg.optionalDouble);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalBool() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalBool = true;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalBool);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalBool = true;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalBool);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalBool);
  
      msg.optionalBool = true;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 5);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalBool);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalString() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalString = "hello";
      assertEquals("hello", msg.optionalString);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalString.isEmpty());
      msg.clear()
         .optionalString = "hello2";
      assertEquals("hello2", msg.optionalString);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalString.isEmpty());
  
      msg.optionalString = "bye";
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalString != null);
      assertEquals("bye", newMsg.optionalString);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalBytes() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
      msg.optionalBytes = InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("hello");
      assertTrue(msg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
      assertEquals("hello", new String(msg.optionalBytes, InternalNano.UTF_8));
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalBytes = InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("hello");
      assertTrue(msg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
  
      msg.optionalBytes = InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("bye");
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalBytes.length > 0);
      assertEquals("bye", new String(newMsg.optionalBytes, InternalNano.UTF_8));
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalGroup() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.OptionalGroup grp = new TestAllTypesNano.OptionalGroup();
      grp.a = 1;
      assertFalse(msg.optionalGroup != null);
      msg.optionalGroup = grp;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalGroup != null);
      assertEquals(1, msg.optionalGroup.a);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalGroup != null);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.OptionalGroup();
      msg.optionalGroup.a = 2;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalGroup != null);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalGroup != null);
  
      msg.optionalGroup = grp;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalGroup != null);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.optionalGroup.a);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalGroupWithUnknownFieldsEnabled() throws Exception {
      MessageWithGroup msg = new MessageWithGroup();
      MessageWithGroup.Group grp = new MessageWithGroup.Group();
      grp.a = 1;
      msg.group = grp;
      byte [] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      MessageWithGroup parsed = MessageWithGroup.parseFrom(serialized);
      assertEquals(1, parsed.group.a);
  
      byte [] serialized2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(parsed);
      assertEquals(serialized.length, serialized2.length);
      MessageWithGroup parsed2 = MessageWithGroup.parseFrom(serialized2);
      assertEquals(1, parsed2.group.a);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalNestedMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg.bb = 1;
      assertFalse(msg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = nestedMsg;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, msg.optionalNestedMessage.bb);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg.optionalNestedMessage.bb = 2;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
  
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = nestedMsg;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.bb);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalForeignMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano nestedMsg = new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano();
      nestedMsg.c = 1;
      assertFalse(msg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
      msg.optionalForeignMessage = nestedMsg;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, msg.optionalForeignMessage.c);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalForeignMessage = new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano();
      msg.optionalForeignMessage.c = 2;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
  
      msg.optionalForeignMessage = nestedMsg;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalForeignMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.optionalForeignMessage.c);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalImportMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano nestedMsg = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      nestedMsg.d = 1;
      assertFalse(msg.optionalImportMessage != null);
      msg.optionalImportMessage = nestedMsg;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalImportMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, msg.optionalImportMessage.d);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalImportMessage != null);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalImportMessage = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      msg.optionalImportMessage.d = 2;
      assertTrue(msg.optionalImportMessage != null);
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.optionalImportMessage != null);
  
      msg.optionalImportMessage = nestedMsg;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalImportMessage != null);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.optionalImportMessage.d);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalNestedEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.optionalNestedEnum);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAZ;
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, msg.optionalNestedEnum);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.optionalNestedEnum);
  
      msg.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, newMsg.optionalNestedEnum);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalForeignEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalForeignEnum = NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR;
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, msg.optionalForeignEnum);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalForeignEnum = NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAZ;
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAZ, msg.optionalForeignEnum);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO, msg.optionalForeignEnum);
  
      msg.optionalForeignEnum = NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, newMsg.optionalForeignEnum);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalImportEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalImportEnum = UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR;
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, msg.optionalImportEnum);
      msg.clear()
         .optionalImportEnum = UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAZ;
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAZ, msg.optionalImportEnum);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO, msg.optionalImportEnum);
  
      msg.optionalImportEnum = UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR;
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, newMsg.optionalImportEnum);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalStringPiece() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalStringPiece = "hello";
      assertEquals("hello", msg.optionalStringPiece);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalStringPiece.isEmpty());
      msg.clear()
         .optionalStringPiece = "hello2";
      assertEquals("hello2", msg.optionalStringPiece);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalStringPiece.isEmpty());
  
      msg.optionalStringPiece = "bye";
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalStringPiece != null);
      assertEquals("bye", newMsg.optionalStringPiece);
    }
  
    public void testNanoOptionalCord() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalCord = "hello";
      assertEquals("hello", msg.optionalCord);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalCord.isEmpty());
      msg.clear()
         .optionalCord = "hello2";
      assertEquals("hello2", msg.optionalCord);
      msg.clear();
      assertTrue(msg.optionalCord.isEmpty());
  
      msg.optionalCord = "bye";
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalCord != null);
      assertEquals("bye", newMsg.optionalCord);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedInt32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
      msg.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedInt32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedInt32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedInt32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedInt32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedInt32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedInt32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedInt32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedInt64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
      msg.repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedInt64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedInt64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedInt64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedInt64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedInt64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedInt64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedInt64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedInt64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedInt64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedUint32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
      msg.repeatedUint32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedUint32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedUint32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedUint32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedUint32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedUint32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedUint32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedUint32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedUint32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedUint32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedUint64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
      msg.repeatedUint64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedUint64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedUint64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedUint64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedUint64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedUint64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedUint64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedUint64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedUint64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedUint64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedUint64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedSint32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
      msg.repeatedSint32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedSint32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSint32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSint32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 7);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedSint32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSint32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedSint32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedSint32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSint32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedSint32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedSint64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
      msg.repeatedSint64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedSint64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSint64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSint64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 7);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedSint64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSint64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSint64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedSint64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedSint64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSint64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedSint64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedFixed32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      msg.repeatedFixed32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedFixed32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedFixed32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedFixed32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedFixed32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 15);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedFixed32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedFixed32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedFixed32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedFixed64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      msg.repeatedFixed64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedFixed64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedFixed64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedFixed64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 13);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedFixed64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFixed64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 23);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedFixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedFixed64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedFixed64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedSfixed32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      msg.repeatedSfixed32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedSfixed32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSfixed32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSfixed32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSfixed32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 15);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedSfixed32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSfixed32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedSfixed32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedSfixed64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      msg.repeatedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedSfixed64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSfixed64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedSfixed64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 13);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSfixed64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 23);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedSfixed64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedSfixed64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedFloat() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
      msg.repeatedFloat = new float[] { 123f, 789f, 456f };
      assertEquals(789f, msg.repeatedFloat[1]);
      assertEquals(456f, msg.repeatedFloat[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFloat = new float[] { 456f };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
      assertEquals(456f, msg.repeatedFloat[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFloat = new float[] { 123f };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedFloat.length);
      assertEquals(123f, newMsg.repeatedFloat[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedFloat = new float[] { 123f, 456f };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedFloat.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 15);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedFloat.length);
      assertEquals(123f, newMsg.repeatedFloat[0]);
      assertEquals(456f, newMsg.repeatedFloat[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedDouble() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
      msg.repeatedDouble = new double[] { 123.0, 789.0, 456.0 };
      assertEquals(789.0, msg.repeatedDouble[1]);
      assertEquals(456.0, msg.repeatedDouble[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedDouble = new double[] { 456.0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
      assertEquals(456.0, msg.repeatedDouble[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedDouble = new double[] { 123.0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 13);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedDouble.length);
      assertEquals(123.0, newMsg.repeatedDouble[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedDouble = new double[] { 123.0, 456.0 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedDouble.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 23);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedDouble.length);
      assertEquals(123.0, newMsg.repeatedDouble[0]);
      assertEquals(456.0, newMsg.repeatedDouble[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedBool() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBool.length);
      msg.repeatedBool = new boolean[] { false, true, false };
      assertTrue(msg.repeatedBool[1]);
      assertFalse(msg.repeatedBool[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBool.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBool = new boolean[] { true };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedBool.length);
      assertTrue(msg.repeatedBool[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBool.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBool = new boolean[] { false };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedBool.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedBool.length);
      assertFalse(newMsg.repeatedBool[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBool = new boolean[] { true, false };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedBool.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedBool.length);
      assertTrue(newMsg.repeatedBool[0]);
      assertFalse(newMsg.repeatedBool[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedString() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedString.length);
      msg.repeatedString = new String[] { "hello", "bye", "boo" };
      assertEquals("bye", msg.repeatedString[1]);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedString[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedString.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedString = new String[] { "boo" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedString.length);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedString[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedString.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedString = new String[] { "" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedString.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedString.length);
      assertTrue(newMsg.repeatedString[0].isEmpty());
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedString = new String[] { "hello", "world" };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedString.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 19);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedString.length);
      assertEquals("hello", newMsg.repeatedString[0]);
      assertEquals("world", newMsg.repeatedString[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedBytes() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
      msg.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {
          InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("hello"),
          InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("bye"),
          InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("boo")
      };
      assertEquals("bye", new String(msg.repeatedBytes[1], InternalNano.UTF_8));
      assertEquals("boo", new String(msg.repeatedBytes[2], InternalNano.UTF_8));
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("boo") };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
      assertEquals("boo", new String(msg.repeatedBytes[0], InternalNano.UTF_8));
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("") };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedBytes.length);
      assertTrue(newMsg.repeatedBytes[0].length == 0);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {
        InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("hello"),
        InternalNano.copyFromUtf8("world")
      };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedBytes.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 19);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedBytes.length);
      assertEquals("hello", new String(newMsg.repeatedBytes[0], InternalNano.UTF_8));
      assertEquals("world", new String(newMsg.repeatedBytes[1], InternalNano.UTF_8));
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedGroup() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup group0 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup();
      group0.a = 0;
      TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup group1 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup();
      group1.a = 1;
      TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup group2 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup();
      group2.a = 2;
  
      msg.repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[] { group0, group1, group2 };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedGroup[0].a);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedGroup[1].a);
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedGroup[2].a);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[] { group1 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedGroup[0].a);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[] { group0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 7);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedGroup.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedGroup[0].a);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[] { group0, group1 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedGroup.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 14);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedGroup.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedGroup[0].a);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedGroup[1].a);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedNestedMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg0 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg0.bb = 0;
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg1 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg1.bb = 1;
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg2 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg2.bb = 2;
  
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage =
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg0, nestedMsg1, nestedMsg2 };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb);
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedNestedMessage[2].bb);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg1 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg0, nestedMsg1 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedForeignMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano foreignMsg0 =
        new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano();
      foreignMsg0.c = 0;
      NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano foreignMsg1 =
        new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano();
      foreignMsg1.c = 1;
      NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano foreignMsg2 =
        new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano();
      foreignMsg2.c = 2;
  
      msg.repeatedForeignMessage =
          new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0, foreignMsg1, foreignMsg2 };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedForeignMessage[0].c);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedForeignMessage[1].c);
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedForeignMessage[2].c);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignMessage = new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano[] { foreignMsg1 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedForeignMessage[0].c);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignMessage = new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedForeignMessage[0].c);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignMessage = new NanoOuterClass.ForeignMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0, foreignMsg1 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedForeignMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedForeignMessage[0].c);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedForeignMessage[1].c);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedImportMessage() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano foreignMsg0 =
        new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      foreignMsg0.d = 0;
      UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano foreignMsg1 =
        new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      foreignMsg1.d = 1;
      UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano foreignMsg2 =
        new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      foreignMsg2.d = 2;
  
      msg.repeatedImportMessage =
          new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0, foreignMsg1, foreignMsg2 };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedImportMessage[0].d);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedImportMessage[1].d);
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedImportMessage[2].d);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportMessage = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano[] { foreignMsg1 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedImportMessage[0].d);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportMessage = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedImportMessage[0].d);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportMessage = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano[] { foreignMsg0, foreignMsg1 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedImportMessage.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedImportMessage[0].d);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedImportMessage[1].d);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedNestedEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
          TestAllTypesNano.FOO,
          TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
          TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[1]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.BAR };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO };
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO, TestAllTypesNano.BAR };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedNestedEnum[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedForeignEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedForeignEnum = new int[] {
          NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO,
          NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR,
          NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAZ
      };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[1]);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAZ, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignEnum = new int[] { NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignEnum = new int[] { NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO };
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedForeignEnum = new int[] {
        NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO,
        NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR
      };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedForeignEnum.length);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedForeignEnum[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedImportEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedImportEnum = new int[] {
          UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO,
          UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR,
          UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAZ
      };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedImportEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedImportEnum[1]);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAZ, msg.repeatedImportEnum[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportEnum = new int[] { UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedImportEnum[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportEnum = new int[] { UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO };
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedImportEnum[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedImportEnum = new int[] {
        UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO,
        UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR
      };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedImportEnum.length);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_FOO, msg.repeatedImportEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, msg.repeatedImportEnum[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedStringPiece() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      msg.repeatedStringPiece = new String[] { "hello", "bye", "boo" };
      assertEquals("bye", msg.repeatedStringPiece[1]);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedStringPiece[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedStringPiece = new String[] { "boo" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedStringPiece[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedStringPiece = new String[] { "" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      assertTrue(newMsg.repeatedStringPiece[0].isEmpty());
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedStringPiece = new String[] { "hello", "world" };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 19);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedStringPiece.length);
      assertEquals("hello", newMsg.repeatedStringPiece[0]);
      assertEquals("world", newMsg.repeatedStringPiece[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedCord() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedCord.length);
      msg.repeatedCord = new String[] { "hello", "bye", "boo" };
      assertEquals("bye", msg.repeatedCord[1]);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedCord[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedCord.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedCord = new String[] { "boo" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedCord.length);
      assertEquals("boo", msg.repeatedCord[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedCord.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedCord = new String[] { "" };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedCord.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 6);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedCord.length);
      assertTrue(newMsg.repeatedCord[0].isEmpty());
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedCord = new String[] { "hello", "world" };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedCord.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 19);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedCord.length);
      assertEquals("hello", newMsg.repeatedCord[0]);
      assertEquals("world", newMsg.repeatedCord[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedPackedInt32() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      msg.repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedPackedInt32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedPackedInt32[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedPackedInt32[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 7);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedPackedInt32[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 9);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedPackedInt32[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedPackedInt32[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedPackedSfixed64() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      assertEquals(789, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[1]);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] { 456 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(456, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123 };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 14);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] { 123, 456 };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 22);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[0]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedPackedSfixed64[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedPackedNestedEnum() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] {
          TestAllTypesNano.FOO,
          TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
          TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      assertEquals(3, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[1]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[2]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.BAR };
      assertEquals(1, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[0]);
      msg.clear();
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
  
      // Test 1 entry
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO };
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 7);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(1, newMsg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[0]);
  
      // Test 2 entries
      msg.clear()
         .repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO, TestAllTypesNano.BAR };
      assertEquals(2, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 8);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedPackedSerializedSize() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 11);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
      TestAllTypesNano msg2 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg2.repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 789, 456 };
      byte [] result2 = new byte[msgSerializedSize];
      MessageNano.toByteArray(msg2, result2, 0, msgSerializedSize);
  
      // Check equal size and content.
      assertEquals(msgSerializedSize, msg2.getSerializedSize());
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(result, result2));
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedInt32ReMerge() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 234 };
      byte [] result1 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().optionalInt32 = 789;
      byte [] result2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 123, 456 };
      byte [] result3 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      // Concatenate the three serializations and read as one message.
      byte [] result = new byte[result1.length + result2.length + result3.length];
      System.arraycopy(result1, 0, result, 0, result1.length);
      System.arraycopy(result2, 0, result, result1.length, result2.length);
      System.arraycopy(result3, 0, result, result1.length + result2.length, result3.length);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(789, newMsg.optionalInt32);
      assertEquals(3, newMsg.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(234, newMsg.repeatedInt32[0]);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.repeatedInt32[1]);
      assertEquals(456, newMsg.repeatedInt32[2]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedNestedEnumReMerge() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO };
      byte [] result1 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().optionalInt32 = 789;
      byte [] result2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.BAR, TestAllTypesNano.FOO };
      byte [] result3 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      // Concatenate the three serializations and read as one message.
      byte [] result = new byte[result1.length + result2.length + result3.length];
      System.arraycopy(result1, 0, result, 0, result1.length);
      System.arraycopy(result2, 0, result, result1.length, result2.length);
      System.arraycopy(result3, 0, result, result1.length + result2.length, result3.length);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(789, newMsg.optionalInt32);
      assertEquals(3, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum[1]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum[2]);
    }
  
    public void testNanoRepeatedNestedMessageReMerge() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg0 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg0.bb = 0;
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg1 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg1.bb = 1;
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nestedMsg2 =
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nestedMsg2.bb = 2;
  
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg0 };
      byte [] result1 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().optionalInt32 = 789;
      byte [] result2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      msg.clear().repeatedNestedMessage =
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] { nestedMsg1, nestedMsg2 };
      byte [] result3 = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
  
      // Concatenate the three serializations and read as one message.
      byte [] result = new byte[result1.length + result2.length + result3.length];
      System.arraycopy(result1, 0, result, 0, result1.length);
      System.arraycopy(result2, 0, result, result1.length, result2.length);
      System.arraycopy(result3, 0, result, result1.length + result2.length, result3.length);
  
      TestAllTypesNano newMsg = TestAllTypesNano.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(789, newMsg.optionalInt32);
      assertEquals(3, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(nestedMsg0.bb, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(nestedMsg1.bb, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb);
      assertEquals(nestedMsg2.bb, newMsg.repeatedNestedMessage[2].bb);
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that invalid enum values from the wire are not accepted.
     */
    public void testNanoEnumValidity() throws Exception {
      final int invalid = 120;
      final int alsoInvalid = 121;
  
      EnumValidity.M m = new EnumValidity.M();
      // Sanity check & baseline of the assertions for the first case below.
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.default_, m.optionalE);
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.BAZ, m.defaultE);
  
      m.optionalE = invalid;
      m.defaultE = invalid;
      // E contains all valid values
      m.repeatedE = new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAR};
      m.packedE = new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAZ};
      // E2 contains some invalid values
      m.repeatedE2 = new int[] {invalid, EnumValidity.E.BAR, alsoInvalid};
      m.packedE2 = new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO, invalid, alsoInvalid};
      // E3 contains all invalid values
      m.repeatedE3 = new int[] {invalid, invalid};
      m.packedE3 = new int[] {alsoInvalid, alsoInvalid};
      byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
      // Sanity check that we do have all data in the byte array.
      assertEquals(31, serialized.length);
  
      // Test 1: tests that invalid values aren't included in the deserialized message.
      EnumValidity.M deserialized = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new EnumValidity.M(), serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.default_, deserialized.optionalE);
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.BAZ, deserialized.defaultE);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAR}, deserialized.repeatedE));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAZ}, deserialized.packedE));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.BAR}, deserialized.repeatedE2));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO}, deserialized.packedE2));
      assertEquals(0, deserialized.repeatedE3.length);
      assertEquals(0, deserialized.packedE3.length);
  
      // Test 2: tests that invalid values do not override previous values in the field, including
      // arrays, including pre-existing invalid values.
      deserialized.optionalE = EnumValidity.E.BAR;
      deserialized.defaultE = alsoInvalid;
      deserialized.repeatedE = new int[] {EnumValidity.E.BAZ};
      deserialized.packedE = new int[] {EnumValidity.E.BAZ, alsoInvalid};
      deserialized.repeatedE2 = new int[] {invalid, alsoInvalid};
      deserialized.packedE2 = null;
      deserialized.repeatedE3 = null;
      deserialized.packedE3 = new int[0];
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(deserialized, serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.BAR, deserialized.optionalE);
      assertEquals(alsoInvalid, deserialized.defaultE);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.BAZ, /* + */ EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAR},
          deserialized.repeatedE));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {EnumValidity.E.BAZ, alsoInvalid, /* + */ EnumValidity.E.FOO, EnumValidity.E.BAZ},
          deserialized.packedE));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {invalid, alsoInvalid, /* + */ EnumValidity.E.BAR},
          deserialized.repeatedE2));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(
          new int[] {/* <null> + */ EnumValidity.E.FOO},
          deserialized.packedE2));
      assertNull(deserialized.repeatedE3); // null + all invalid == null
      assertEquals(0, deserialized.packedE3.length); // empty + all invalid == empty
  
      // Test 3: reading by alternative forms
      EnumValidity.Alt alt = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new EnumValidity.Alt(), serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidity.E.BAR, // last valid value in m.repeatedE2
          alt.repeatedE2AsOptional);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] {EnumValidity.E.FOO}, alt.packedE2AsNonPacked));
      assertEquals(0, alt.nonPackedE3AsPacked.length);
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests the same as {@link #testNanoEnumValidity()} with accessor style. Repeated fields are
     * not re-tested here because they are not affected by the accessor style.
     */
    public void testNanoEnumValidityAccessors() throws Exception {
      final int invalid = 120;
      final int alsoInvalid = 121;
  
      EnumValidityAccessors.M m = new EnumValidityAccessors.M();
      // Sanity check & baseline of the assertions for the first case below.
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.default_, m.getOptionalE());
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.BAZ, m.getDefaultE());
  
      m.setOptionalE(invalid);
      m.setDefaultE(invalid);
      // Set repeatedE2 for Alt.repeatedE2AsOptional
      m.repeatedE2 = new int[] {invalid, EnumValidityAccessors.BAR, alsoInvalid};
      byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
      // Sanity check that we do have all data in the byte array.
      assertEquals(10, serialized.length);
  
      // Test 1: tests that invalid values aren't included in the deserialized message.
      EnumValidityAccessors.M deserialized =
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new EnumValidityAccessors.M(), serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.default_, deserialized.getOptionalE());
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.BAZ, deserialized.getDefaultE());
  
      // Test 2: tests that invalid values do not override previous values in the field, including
      // pre-existing invalid values.
      deserialized.setOptionalE(EnumValidityAccessors.BAR);
      deserialized.setDefaultE(alsoInvalid);
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(deserialized, serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.BAR, deserialized.getOptionalE());
      assertEquals(alsoInvalid, deserialized.getDefaultE());
  
      // Test 3: reading by alternative forms
      EnumValidityAccessors.Alt alt =
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new EnumValidityAccessors.Alt(), serialized);
      assertEquals(EnumValidityAccessors.BAR, // last valid value in m.repeatedE2
          alt.getRepeatedE2AsOptional());
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that code generation correctly wraps a single message into its outer
     * class. The class {@code SingleMessageNano} is imported from the outer
     * class {@code UnittestSingleNano}, whose name is implicit. Any error would
     * cause this method to fail compilation.
     */
    public void testNanoSingle() throws Exception {
      SingleMessageNano msg = new SingleMessageNano();
      assertNotNull(msg);
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that code generation correctly skips generating the outer class if
     * unnecessary, letting a file-scope entity have the same name. The class
     * {@code MultipleNameClashNano} shares the same name with the file's outer
     * class defined explicitly, but the file contains no other entities and has
     * java_multiple_files set. Any error would cause this method to fail
     * compilation.
     */
    public void testNanoMultipleNameClash() throws Exception {
      MultipleNameClashNano msg = new MultipleNameClashNano();
      msg.field = 0;
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that code generation correctly handles enums in different scopes in
     * a source file with the option java_multiple_files set to true. Any error
     * would cause this method to fail compilation.
     */
    public void testNanoMultipleEnumScoping() throws Exception {
      FileScopeEnumRefNano msg1 = new FileScopeEnumRefNano();
      msg1.enumField = UnittestMultipleNano.ONE;
      MessageScopeEnumRefNano msg2 = new MessageScopeEnumRefNano();
      msg2.enumField = MessageScopeEnumRefNano.TWO;
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that code generation with mixed values of the java_multiple_files
     * options between the main source file and the imported source files would
     * generate correct references. Any error would cause this method to fail
     * compilation.
     */
    public void testNanoMultipleImportingNonMultiple() throws Exception {
      UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano importMsg = new UnittestImportNano.ImportMessageNano();
      MultipleImportingNonMultipleNano1 nano1 = new MultipleImportingNonMultipleNano1();
      nano1.field = importMsg;
      MultipleImportingNonMultipleNano2 nano2 = new MultipleImportingNonMultipleNano2();
      nano2.nano1 = nano1;
    }
  
    public void testNanoDefaults() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        assertEquals(41, msg.defaultInt32);
        assertEquals(42, msg.defaultInt64);
        assertEquals(43, msg.defaultUint32);
        assertEquals(44, msg.defaultUint64);
        assertEquals(-45, msg.defaultSint32);
        assertEquals(46, msg.defaultSint64);
        assertEquals(47, msg.defaultFixed32);
        assertEquals(48, msg.defaultFixed64);
        assertEquals(49, msg.defaultSfixed32);
        assertEquals(-50, msg.defaultSfixed64);
        assertTrue(51.5f == msg.defaultFloat);
        assertTrue(52.0e3 == msg.defaultDouble);
        assertEquals(true, msg.defaultBool);
        assertEquals("hello", msg.defaultString);
        assertEquals("world", new String(msg.defaultBytes, InternalNano.UTF_8));
        assertEquals("dünya", msg.defaultStringNonascii);
        assertEquals("dünyab", new String(msg.defaultBytesNonascii, InternalNano.UTF_8));
        assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, msg.defaultNestedEnum);
        assertEquals(NanoOuterClass.FOREIGN_NANO_BAR, msg.defaultForeignEnum);
        assertEquals(UnittestImportNano.IMPORT_NANO_BAR, msg.defaultImportEnum);
        assertEquals(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, msg.defaultFloatInf);
        assertEquals(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, msg.defaultFloatNegInf);
        assertEquals(Float.NaN, msg.defaultFloatNan);
        assertEquals(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, msg.defaultDoubleInf);
        assertEquals(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, msg.defaultDoubleNegInf);
        assertEquals(Double.NaN, msg.defaultDoubleNan);
  
        // Default values are not output, except for required fields.
        byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
        int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
        //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
        assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 3);
        assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
        msg.clear();
      }
    }
  
    public void testDifferentStringLengthsNano() throws Exception {
      // Test string serialization roundtrip using strings of the following lengths,
      // with ASCII and Unicode characters requiring different UTF-8 byte counts per
      // char, hence causing the length delimiter varint to sometimes require more
      // bytes for the Unicode strings than the ASCII string of the same length.
      int[] lengths = new int[] {
              0,
              1,
              (1 << 4) - 1,  // 1 byte for ASCII and Unicode
              (1 << 7) - 1,  // 1 byte for ASCII, 2 bytes for Unicode
              (1 << 11) - 1, // 2 bytes for ASCII and Unicode
              (1 << 14) - 1, // 2 bytes for ASCII, 3 bytes for Unicode
              (1 << 17) - 1, // 3 bytes for ASCII and Unicode
      };
      for (int i : lengths) {
        testEncodingOfString('q', i);      // 1 byte per char
        testEncodingOfString('\u07FF', i); // 2 bytes per char
        testEncodingOfString('\u0981', i); // 3 bytes per char
      }
    }
  
    /** Regression test for https://github.com/google/protobuf/issues/292 */
    public void testCorrectExceptionThrowWhenEncodingStringsWithoutEnoughSpace() throws Exception {
      String testCase = "Foooooooo";
      assertEquals(CodedOutputByteBufferNano.computeRawVarint32Size(testCase.length()),
              CodedOutputByteBufferNano.computeRawVarint32Size(testCase.length() * 3));
      assertEquals(11, CodedOutputByteBufferNano.computeStringSize(1, testCase));
      // Tag is one byte, varint describing string length is 1 byte, string length is 9 bytes.
      // An array of size 1 will cause a failure when trying to write the varint.
      for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        CodedOutputByteBufferNano bufferNano = CodedOutputByteBufferNano.newInstance(new byte[i]);
        try {
          bufferNano.writeString(1, testCase);
          fail("Should have thrown an out of space exception");
        } catch (CodedOutputByteBufferNano.OutOfSpaceException expected) {}
      }
    }
  
    private void testEncodingOfString(char c, int length) throws InvalidProtocolBufferNanoException {
      TestAllTypesNano testAllTypesNano = new TestAllTypesNano();
      final String fullString = fullString(c, length);
      testAllTypesNano.optionalString = fullString;
      final TestAllTypesNano resultNano = new TestAllTypesNano();
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(resultNano, MessageNano.toByteArray(testAllTypesNano));
      assertEquals(fullString, resultNano.optionalString);
    }
  
    private String fullString(char c, int length) {
      char[] result = new char[length];
      Arrays.fill(result, c);
      return new String(result);
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithHasParseFrom() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNanoHas msg = null;
      // Test false on creation, after clear and upon empty parse.
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (i == 0) {
          msg = new TestAllTypesNanoHas();
        } else if (i == 1) {
          msg.clear();
        } else if (i == 2) {
          msg = TestAllTypesNanoHas.parseFrom(new byte[0]);
        }
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32);
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString);
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBytes);
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalNestedEnum);
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultInt32);
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultString);
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultBytes);
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultFloatNan);
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultNestedEnum);
        assertFalse(msg.hasId);
        assertFalse(msg.hasRequiredEnum);
        msg.optionalInt32 = 123;
        msg.optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNanoHas.NestedMessage();
        msg.optionalNestedMessage.bb = 2;
        msg.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAZ;
      }
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 10);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      // Has fields true upon parse.
      TestAllTypesNanoHas newMsg = TestAllTypesNanoHas.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(123, newMsg.optionalInt32);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalInt32);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.bb);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNanoHas.BAZ, newMsg.optionalNestedEnum);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalNestedEnum);
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithHasSerialize() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNanoHas msg = new TestAllTypesNanoHas();
      msg.hasOptionalInt32 = true;
      msg.hasOptionalString = true;
      msg.hasOptionalBytes = true;
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNanoHas.NestedMessage();
      msg.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb = true;
      msg.hasOptionalNestedEnum = true;
      msg.hasDefaultInt32 = true;
      msg.hasDefaultString = true;
      msg.hasDefaultBytes = true;
      msg.hasDefaultFloatNan = true;
      msg.hasDefaultNestedEnum = true;
      msg.hasId = true;
      msg.hasRequiredEnum = true;
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      // Now deserialize and find that all fields are set and equal to their defaults.
      TestAllTypesNanoHas newMsg = TestAllTypesNanoHas.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalInt32);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalString);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalBytes);
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalNestedEnum);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultInt32);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultString);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultBytes);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultFloatNan);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultNestedEnum);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasId);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasRequiredEnum);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.optionalInt32);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.optionalString.length());
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.optionalBytes.length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.bb);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNanoHas.FOO, newMsg.optionalNestedEnum);
      assertEquals(41, newMsg.defaultInt32);
      assertEquals("hello", newMsg.defaultString);
      assertEquals("world", new String(newMsg.defaultBytes, InternalNano.UTF_8));
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNanoHas.BAR, newMsg.defaultNestedEnum);
      assertEquals(Float.NaN, newMsg.defaultFloatNan);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.id);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNanoHas.FOO, newMsg.requiredEnum);
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithAccessorsBasic() throws Exception {
      TestNanoAccessors msg = new TestNanoAccessors();
  
      // Makes sure required, repeated, and message fields are still public
      msg.id = 3;
      msg.repeatedBytes = new byte[2][3];
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = null;
  
      // Test accessors
      assertEquals(0, msg.getOptionalInt32());
      assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32());
      msg.setOptionalInt32(135);
      assertEquals(135, msg.getOptionalInt32());
      assertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt32());
      msg.clearOptionalInt32();
      assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32());
      msg.setOptionalInt32(0); // default value
      assertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt32());
  
      // Test NPE
      try {
        msg.setOptionalBytes(null);
        fail();
      } catch (NullPointerException expected) {}
      try {
        msg.setOptionalString(null);
        fail();
      } catch (NullPointerException expected) {}
  
      // Test has bit on bytes field with defaults and clear() re-clones the default array
      assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultBytes());
      byte[] defaultBytes = msg.getDefaultBytes();
      msg.setDefaultBytes(defaultBytes);
      assertTrue(msg.hasDefaultBytes());
      msg.clearDefaultBytes();
      assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultBytes());
      defaultBytes[0]++; // modify original array
      assertFalse(Arrays.equals(defaultBytes, msg.getDefaultBytes()));
  
      // Test has bits that require additional bit fields
      assertFalse(msg.hasBitFieldCheck());
      msg.setBitFieldCheck(0);
      assertTrue(msg.hasBitFieldCheck());
      assertFalse(msg.hasBeforeBitFieldCheck()); // checks bit field does not leak
      assertFalse(msg.hasAfterBitFieldCheck());
  
      // Test clear() clears has bits
      msg.setOptionalString("hi");
      msg.setDefaultString("there");
      msg.clear();
      assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString());
      assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultString());
      assertFalse(msg.hasBitFieldCheck());
  
      // Test set() and clear() returns itself (compiles = success)
      msg.clear()
          .setOptionalInt32(3)
          .clearDefaultBytes()
          .setOptionalString("4");
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithAccessorsParseFrom() throws Exception {
      TestNanoAccessors msg = null;
      // Test false on creation, after clear and upon empty parse.
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (i == 0) {
          msg = new TestNanoAccessors();
        } else if (i == 1) {
          msg.clear();
        } else if (i == 2) {
          msg = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(new byte[0]);
        }
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32());
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString());
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBytes());
        assertFalse(msg.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultInt32());
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultString());
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultBytes());
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultFloatNan());
        assertFalse(msg.hasDefaultNestedEnum());
        msg.optionalNestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
        msg.optionalNestedMessage.setBb(2);
        msg.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestNanoAccessors.BAZ);
        msg.setDefaultInt32(msg.getDefaultInt32());
      }
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      //System.out.printf("mss=%d result.length=%d\n", msgSerializedSize, result.length);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize == 14);
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      // Has fields true upon parse.
      TestNanoAccessors newMsg = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(result);
      assertEquals(2, newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.getBb());
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb());
      assertEquals(TestNanoAccessors.BAZ, newMsg.getOptionalNestedEnum());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
  
      // Has field true on fields with explicit default values from wire.
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultInt32());
      assertEquals(41, newMsg.getDefaultInt32());
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithAccessorsPublicFieldTypes() throws Exception {
      TestNanoAccessors msg = new TestNanoAccessors();
      assertNull(msg.optionalNestedMessage);
      assertEquals(0, msg.id);
      assertEquals(0, msg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
  
      TestNanoAccessors newMsg = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(MessageNano.toByteArray(msg));
      assertNull(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.id);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
  
      TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage nestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
      nestedMessage.setBb(5);
      newMsg.optionalNestedMessage = nestedMessage;
      newMsg.id = -1;
      newMsg.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestAllTypesNano.FOO };
  
      TestNanoAccessors newMsg2 = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(MessageNano.toByteArray(newMsg));
      assertEquals(nestedMessage.getBb(), newMsg2.optionalNestedMessage.getBb());
      assertEquals(-1, newMsg2.id);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, newMsg2.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
  
      newMsg2.optionalNestedMessage = null;
      newMsg2.id = 0;
      newMsg2.repeatedNestedEnum = null;
  
      TestNanoAccessors newMsg3 = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(MessageNano.toByteArray(newMsg2));
      assertNull(newMsg3.optionalNestedMessage);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg3.id);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg3.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
    }
  
    public void testNanoWithAccessorsSerialize() throws Exception {
      TestNanoAccessors msg = new TestNanoAccessors();
      msg.setOptionalInt32(msg.getOptionalInt32());
      msg.setOptionalString(msg.getOptionalString());
      msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes());
      TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage nestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
      nestedMessage.setBb(nestedMessage.getBb());
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = nestedMessage;
      msg.setOptionalNestedEnum(msg.getOptionalNestedEnum());
      msg.setDefaultInt32(msg.getDefaultInt32());
      msg.setDefaultString(msg.getDefaultString());
      msg.setDefaultBytes(msg.getDefaultBytes());
      msg.setDefaultFloatNan(msg.getDefaultFloatNan());
      msg.setDefaultNestedEnum(msg.getDefaultNestedEnum());
  
      byte [] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      assertEquals(result.length, msgSerializedSize);
  
      // Now deserialize and find that all fields are set and equal to their defaults.
      TestNanoAccessors newMsg = TestNanoAccessors.parseFrom(result);
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalInt32());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalString());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalBytes());
      assertTrue(newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultInt32());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultString());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultBytes());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultFloatNan());
      assertTrue(newMsg.hasDefaultNestedEnum());
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.getOptionalInt32());
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.getOptionalString().length());
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.getOptionalBytes().length);
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.optionalNestedMessage.getBb());
      assertEquals(TestNanoAccessors.FOO, newMsg.getOptionalNestedEnum());
      assertEquals(41, newMsg.getDefaultInt32());
      assertEquals("hello", newMsg.getDefaultString());
      assertEquals("world", new String(newMsg.getDefaultBytes(), InternalNano.UTF_8));
      assertEquals(TestNanoAccessors.BAR, newMsg.getDefaultNestedEnum());
      assertEquals(Float.NaN, newMsg.getDefaultFloatNan());
      assertEquals(0, newMsg.id);
    }
  
    public void testNanoJavaEnumStyle() throws Exception {
      EnumClassNanos.EnumClassNano msg = new EnumClassNanos.EnumClassNano();
      assertEquals(EnumClassNanos.FileScopeEnum.ONE, msg.one);
      assertEquals(EnumClassNanos.EnumClassNano.MessageScopeEnum.TWO, msg.two);
  
      EnumClassNanoMultiple msg2 = new EnumClassNanoMultiple();
      assertEquals(FileScopeEnumMultiple.THREE, msg2.three);
      assertEquals(EnumClassNanoMultiple.MessageScopeEnumMultiple.FOUR, msg2.four);
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that fields with a default value of NaN are not serialized when
     * set to NaN. This is a special case as NaN != NaN, so normal equality
     * checks don't work.
     */
    public void testNanoNotANumberDefaults() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.defaultDoubleNan = 0;
      msg.defaultFloatNan = 0;
      byte[] result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      int msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      assertTrue(result.length == msgSerializedSize);
      assertTrue(msgSerializedSize > 3);
  
      msg.defaultDoubleNan = Double.NaN;
      msg.defaultFloatNan = Float.NaN;
      result = MessageNano.toByteArray(msg);
      msgSerializedSize = msg.getSerializedSize();
      assertEquals(3, result.length);
      assertEquals(3, msgSerializedSize);
    }
  
    /**
     * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
     * exactly up to a limit, this should not break things.
     */
    public void testSkipRawBytesBug() throws Exception {
      byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2 };
      CodedInputByteBufferNano input = CodedInputByteBufferNano.newInstance(rawBytes);
  
      int limit = input.pushLimit(1);
      input.skipRawBytes(1);
      input.popLimit(limit);
      assertEquals(2, input.readRawByte());
    }
  
    /**
     * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
     * past the end of a buffer with a limit that has been set past the end of
     * that buffer, this should not break things.
     */
    public void testSkipRawBytesPastEndOfBufferWithLimit() throws Exception {
      byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
      CodedInputByteBufferNano input = CodedInputByteBufferNano.newInstance(rawBytes);
  
      int limit = input.pushLimit(4);
      // In order to expose the bug we need to read at least one byte to prime the
      // buffer inside the CodedInputStream.
      assertEquals(1, input.readRawByte());
      // Skip to the end of the limit.
      input.skipRawBytes(3);
      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
      input.popLimit(limit);
      assertEquals(5, input.readRawByte());
    }
  
    // Test a smattering of various proto types for printing
    public void testMessageNanoPrinter() {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.optionalInt32 = 14;
      msg.optionalFloat = 42.3f;
      msg.optionalString = "String \"with' both quotes";
      msg.optionalBytes = new byte[] {'"', '\0', 1, 8};
      msg.optionalGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.OptionalGroup();
      msg.optionalGroup.a = 15;
      msg.repeatedInt64 = new long[2];
      msg.repeatedInt64[0] = 1L;
      msg.repeatedInt64[1] = -1L;
      msg.repeatedBytes = new byte[2][];
      msg.repeatedBytes[1] = new byte[] {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
      msg.repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[2];
      msg.repeatedGroup[0] = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup();
      msg.repeatedGroup[0].a = -27;
      msg.repeatedGroup[1] = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup();
      msg.repeatedGroup[1].a = -72;
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg.optionalNestedMessage.bb = 7;
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[2];
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0] = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb = 77;
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[1] = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb = 88;
      msg.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAZ;
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[2];
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum[0] = TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum[1] = TestAllTypesNano.FOO;
      msg.repeatedStringPiece = new String[] {null, "world"};
      msg.setOneofString("hello");
  
      String protoPrint = msg.toString();
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_int32: 14"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_float: 42.3"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_double: 0.0"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_string: \"String \\u0022with\\u0027 both quotes\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_bytes: \"\\\"\\000\\001\\010\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_group <\n  a: 15\n>"));
  
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_int64: 1\nrepeated_int64: -1"));
      assertFalse(protoPrint.contains("repeated_bytes: \"\"")); // null should be dropped
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_bytes: \"hello\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_group <\n  a: -27\n>\n"
              + "repeated_group <\n  a: -72\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_nested_message <\n  bb: 7\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_nested_message <\n  bb: 77\n>\n"
              + "repeated_nested_message <\n  bb: 88\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_nested_enum: 3"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_nested_enum: 2\nrepeated_nested_enum: 1"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("default_int32: 41"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("default_string: \"hello\""));
      assertFalse(protoPrint.contains("repeated_string_piece: \"\""));  // null should be dropped
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_string_piece: \"world\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("oneof_string: \"hello\""));
    }
  
    public void testMessageNanoPrinterAccessors() throws Exception {
      TestNanoAccessors msg = new TestNanoAccessors();
      msg.setOptionalInt32(13);
      msg.setOptionalString("foo");
      msg.setOptionalBytes(new byte[] {'"', '\0', 1, 8});
      msg.optionalNestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
      msg.optionalNestedMessage.setBb(7);
      msg.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestNanoAccessors.BAZ);
      msg.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 1, -1 };
      msg.repeatedString = new String[] { "Hello", "world" };
      msg.repeatedBytes = new byte[2][];
      msg.repeatedBytes[1] = new byte[] {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage[2];
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0] = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[0].setBb(5);
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[1] = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage();
      msg.repeatedNestedMessage[1].setBb(6);
      msg.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] { TestNanoAccessors.FOO, TestNanoAccessors.BAR };
      msg.id = 33;
  
      String protoPrint = msg.toString();
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_int32: 13"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_string: \"foo\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_bytes: \"\\\"\\000\\001\\010\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_nested_message <\n  bb: 7\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("optional_nested_enum: 3"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_int32: 1\nrepeated_int32: -1"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_string: \"Hello\"\nrepeated_string: \"world\""));
      assertFalse(protoPrint.contains("repeated_bytes: \"\"")); // null should be dropped
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_bytes: \"hello\""));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_nested_message <\n  bb: 5\n>\n"
              + "repeated_nested_message <\n  bb: 6\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("repeated_nested_enum: 1\nrepeated_nested_enum: 2"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains("id: 33"));
    }
  
    public void testMessageNanoPrinterForMaps() throws Exception {
      TestMap msg = new TestMap();
      MessageValue msgValues[] = new MessageValue[] {
        new MessageValue(), new MessageValue()
      };
      msgValues[0].value = 1;
      msgValues[1].value = 2;
      msg.int32ToBytesField = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
      msg.int32ToBytesField.put(1, new byte[] {'"', '\0'});
      msg.int32ToBytesField.put(2, new byte[] {1, 8});
      msg.stringToInt32Field = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
      msg.stringToInt32Field.put("hello", 1);
      msg.stringToInt32Field.put("world", 2);
      msg.int32ToMessageField = new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      msg.int32ToMessageField.put(0, msgValues[0]);
      msg.int32ToMessageField.put(1, msgValues[1]);
      msg.int32ToEnumField = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      msg.int32ToEnumField.put(1, 2);
      msg.int32ToEnumField.put(2, 3);
      String protoPrint = msg.toString();
  
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_bytes_field <\n  key: 1\n  value: \"\\\"\\000\"\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_bytes_field <\n  key: 2\n  value: \"\\001\\010\"\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "string_to_int32_field <\n  key: \"hello\"\n  value: 1\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "string_to_int32_field <\n  key: \"world\"\n  value: 2\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_message_field <\n  key: 0\n  value <\n    value: 1\n"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_message_field <\n  key: 1\n  value <\n    value: 2\n"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_enum_field <\n  key: 1\n  value: 2\n>"));
      assertTrue(protoPrint.contains(
          "int32_to_enum_field <\n  key: 2\n  value: 3\n>"));
    }
  
    public void testExtensions() throws Exception {
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage message = new Extensions.ExtendableMessage();
      message.field = 5;
      int[] int32s = {1, 2};
      int[] uint32s = {3, 4};
      int[] sint32s = {-5, -6};
      long[] int64s = {7, 8};
      long[] uint64s = {9, 10};
      long[] sint64s = {-11, -12};
      int[] fixed32s = {13, 14};
      int[] sfixed32s = {-15, -16};
      long[] fixed64s = {17, 18};
      long[] sfixed64s = {-19, -20};
      boolean[] bools = {true, false};
      float[] floats = {2.1f, 2.2f};
      double[] doubles = {2.3, 2.4};
      int[] enums = {Extensions.SECOND_VALUE, Extensions.FIRST_VALUE};
      String[] strings = {"vijfentwintig", "twenty-six"};
      byte[][] bytess = {{2, 7}, {2, 8}};
      AnotherMessage another1 = new AnotherMessage();
      another1.string = "er shi jiu";
      another1.value = false;
      AnotherMessage another2 = new AnotherMessage();
      another2.string = "trente";
      another2.value = true;
      AnotherMessage[] messages = {another1, another2};
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup group1 = new RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup();
      group1.a = 31;
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup group2 = new RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup();
      group2.a = 32;
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup[] groups = {group1, group2};
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt32));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt32, int32s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt32));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32, uint32s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32, sint32s);
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64, int64s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64, uint64s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64, sint64s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32, fixed32s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32, sfixed32s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64, fixed64s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64, sfixed64s);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool, bools);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat, floats);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble, doubles);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum, enums);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString, strings);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes, bytess);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage, messages);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage));
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup));
      message.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup, groups);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup));
  
      byte[] data = MessageNano.toByteArray(message);
      message = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
      assertEquals(5, message.field);
  
      // Test reading back using SingularExtensions: the retrieved value should equal the last
      // in each array.
      assertEquals(int32s[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someInt32));
      assertEquals(uint32s[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someUint32));
      assertEquals(sint32s[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someSint32));
      assertEquals(int64s[1], (long) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someInt64));
      assertEquals(uint64s[1], (long) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someUint64));
      assertEquals(sint64s[1], (long) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someSint64));
      assertEquals(fixed32s[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someFixed32));
      assertEquals(sfixed32s[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someSfixed32));
      assertEquals(fixed64s[1], (long) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someFixed64));
      assertEquals(sfixed64s[1], (long) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someSfixed64));
      assertEquals(bools[1], (boolean) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someBool));
      assertEquals(floats[1], (float) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someFloat));
      assertEquals(doubles[1], (double) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someDouble));
      assertEquals(enums[1], (int) message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someEnum));
      assertEquals(strings[1], message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someString));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytess[1], message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someBytes)));
      AnotherMessage deserializedMessage = message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage);
      assertEquals(another2.string, deserializedMessage.string);
      assertEquals(another2.value, deserializedMessage.value);
      assertEquals(group2.a, message.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someGroup).a);
  
      // Test reading back using RepeatedExtensions: the arrays should be equal.
      message = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
      assertEquals(5, message.field);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bools, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(floats, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(doubles, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(enums, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(strings, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString)));
      byte[][] deserializedRepeatedBytes = message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes);
      assertEquals(2, deserializedRepeatedBytes.length);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytess[0], deserializedRepeatedBytes[0]));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytess[1], deserializedRepeatedBytes[1]));
      AnotherMessage[] deserializedRepeatedMessage =
          message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage);
      assertEquals(2, deserializedRepeatedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(another1.string, deserializedRepeatedMessage[0].string);
      assertEquals(another1.value, deserializedRepeatedMessage[0].value);
      assertEquals(another2.string, deserializedRepeatedMessage[1].string);
      assertEquals(another2.value, deserializedRepeatedMessage[1].value);
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup[] deserializedRepeatedGroup =
          message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup);
      assertEquals(2, deserializedRepeatedGroup.length);
      assertEquals(group1.a, deserializedRepeatedGroup[0].a);
      assertEquals(group2.a, deserializedRepeatedGroup[1].a);
  
      message = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
      assertEquals(5, message.field);
      // Test hasExtension using PackedExtensions.
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt32));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint32));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint32));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt64));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint64));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint64));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed32));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed32));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed64));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed64));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedBool));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFloat));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedDouble));
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(PackedExtensions.packedEnum));
  
      // Test reading back using PackedExtensions: the arrays should be equal, even the fields
      // are non-packed.
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int32s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint32s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint32s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int64s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint64s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint64s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed32s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed32s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed64s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed64s, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bools, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedBool)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(floats, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFloat)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(doubles, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedDouble)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(enums, message.getExtension(PackedExtensions.packedEnum)));
  
      // Now set the packable extension values using PackedExtensions so they're serialized packed.
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt32, int32s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint32, uint32s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint32, sint32s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedInt64, int64s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedUint64, uint64s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSint64, sint64s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed32, fixed32s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed32, sfixed32s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFixed64, fixed64s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedSfixed64, sfixed64s);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedBool, bools);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedFloat, floats);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedDouble, doubles);
      message.setExtension(PackedExtensions.packedEnum, enums);
  
      // And read back using non-packed RepeatedExtensions.
      byte[] data2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(message);
      message = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new Extensions.ExtendableMessage(), data2);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(int64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(uint64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sint64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed32s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(fixed64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(sfixed64s, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bools, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(floats, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(doubles, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble)));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(enums, message.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum)));
  
      // Clone the message and ensure it's still equal.
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage clone = message.clone();
      assertEquals(clone, message);
    }
  
    public void testNullExtensions() throws Exception {
      // Check that clearing the extension on an empty message is a no-op.
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage message = new Extensions.ExtendableMessage();
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
      message.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage, null);
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
      assertEquals(0, MessageNano.toByteArray(message).length);
  
      // Check that the message is empty after setting and clearing an extension.
      AnotherMessage another = new AnotherMessage();
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
      message.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage, another);
      assertTrue(message.hasExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
      assertTrue(MessageNano.toByteArray(message).length > 0);
      message.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage, null);
      assertFalse(message.hasExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
      assertEquals(0, MessageNano.toByteArray(message).length);
    }
  
    public void testExtensionsMutation() {
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage extendableMessage = new Extensions.ExtendableMessage();
      extendableMessage.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage,
          new Extensions.AnotherMessage());
  
      extendableMessage.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage).string = "not empty";
  
      assertEquals("not empty",
          extendableMessage.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage).string);
    }
  
    public void testExtensionsMutation_Equals() throws InvalidProtocolBufferNanoException {
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage extendableMessage = new Extensions.ExtendableMessage();
      extendableMessage.field = 5;
      int int32 = 42;
      int[] uint32s = {3, 4};
      int[] sint32s = {-5, -6};
      long[] int64s = {7, 8};
      long[] uint64s = {9, 10};
      long[] sint64s = {-11, -12};
      int[] fixed32s = {13, 14};
      int[] sfixed32s = {-15, -16};
      long[] fixed64s = {17, 18};
      long[] sfixed64s = {-19, -20};
      boolean[] bools = {true, false};
      float[] floats = {2.1f, 2.2f};
      double[] doubles = {2.3, 2.4};
      int[] enums = {Extensions.SECOND_VALUE, Extensions.FIRST_VALUE};
      String[] strings = {"vijfentwintig", "twenty-six"};
      byte[][] bytess = {{2, 7}, {2, 8}};
      AnotherMessage another1 = new AnotherMessage();
      another1.string = "er shi jiu";
      another1.value = false;
      AnotherMessage another2 = new AnotherMessage();
      another2.string = "trente";
      another2.value = true;
      AnotherMessage[] messages = {another1, another2};
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup group1 = new RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup();
      group1.a = 31;
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup group2 = new RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup();
      group2.a = 32;
      RepeatedExtensions.RepeatedGroup[] groups = {group1, group2};
      extendableMessage.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someInt32, int32);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32, uint32s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32, sint32s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64, int64s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64, uint64s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64, sint64s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32, fixed32s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32, sfixed32s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64, fixed64s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64, sfixed64s);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool, bools);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat, floats);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble, doubles);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum, enums);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString, strings);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes, bytess);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage, messages);
      extendableMessage.setExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup, groups);
  
      byte[] data = MessageNano.toByteArray(extendableMessage);
  
      extendableMessage = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage messageCopy = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
  
      // Without deserialising.
      assertEquals(extendableMessage, messageCopy);
      assertEquals(extendableMessage.hashCode(), messageCopy.hashCode());
  
      // Only one deserialized.
      extendableMessage.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someInt32);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage);
      extendableMessage.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup);
      assertEquals(extendableMessage, messageCopy);
      assertEquals(extendableMessage.hashCode(), messageCopy.hashCode());
  
      // Both deserialized.
      messageCopy.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someInt32);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint32);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint32);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedInt64);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedUint64);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSint64);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed32);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed32);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFixed64);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedSfixed64);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBool);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedFloat);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedDouble);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedEnum);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedString);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedBytes);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage);
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedGroup);
      assertEquals(extendableMessage, messageCopy);
      assertEquals(extendableMessage.hashCode(), messageCopy.hashCode());
  
      // Change one, make sure they are still different.
      messageCopy.getExtension(RepeatedExtensions.repeatedMessage)[0].string = "not empty";
      assertFalse(extendableMessage.equals(messageCopy));
  
      // Even if the extension hasn't been deserialized.
      extendableMessage = Extensions.ExtendableMessage.parseFrom(data);
      assertFalse(extendableMessage.equals(messageCopy));
    }
  
    public void testExtensionsCaching() {
      Extensions.ExtendableMessage extendableMessage = new Extensions.ExtendableMessage();
      extendableMessage.setExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage,
          new Extensions.AnotherMessage());
      assertSame("Consecutive calls to getExtensions should return the same object",
          extendableMessage.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage),
          extendableMessage.getExtension(SingularExtensions.someMessage));
    }
  
    public void testUnknownFields() throws Exception {
      // Check that we roundtrip (serialize and deserialize) unrecognized fields.
      AnotherMessage message = new AnotherMessage();
      message.string = "Hello World";
      message.value = false;
  
      byte[] bytes = MessageNano.toByteArray(message);
      int extraFieldSize = CodedOutputByteBufferNano.computeStringSize(
          1001, "This is an unknown field");
      byte[] newBytes = new byte[bytes.length + extraFieldSize];
      System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, newBytes, 0, bytes.length);
      CodedOutputByteBufferNano.newInstance(newBytes, bytes.length, extraFieldSize)
          .writeString(1001, "This is an unknown field");
  
      // Deserialize with an unknown field.
      AnotherMessage deserialized = AnotherMessage.parseFrom(newBytes);
      byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(deserialized);
  
      assertEquals(newBytes.length, serialized.length);
  
      // Clear, and make sure it clears everything.
      deserialized.clear();
      assertEquals(0, MessageNano.toByteArray(deserialized).length);
    }
  
    public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
      SimpleMessageNano message = new SimpleMessageNano();
      message.d = 123;
      byte[] bytes = MessageNano.toByteArray(message);
  
      SimpleMessageNano newMessage = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new SimpleMessageNano(), bytes);
      assertEquals(message.d, newMessage.d);
    }
  
    public void testJavaKeyword() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano msg = new TestAllTypesNano();
      msg.synchronized_ = 123;
      assertEquals(123, msg.synchronized_);
    }
  
    public void testReferenceTypesForPrimitives() throws Exception {
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano message = new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano();
  
      // Base check - when nothing is set, we serialize nothing.
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultBool = true;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultBool = false;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultBool = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultInt32 = 5;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultInt32 = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultInt64 = 123456L;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultInt64 = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultFloat = 1f;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultFloat = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultDouble = 2.1;
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultDouble = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultString = "hello";
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultString = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
  
      message.defaultBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 };
      assertHasWireData(message, true);
  
      message.defaultBytes = null;
      assertHasWireData(message, false);
    }
  
    public void testHashCodeEquals() throws Exception {
      // Complete equality:
      TestAllTypesNano a = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      TestAllTypesNano aEquivalent = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
  
      assertTrue(MessageNano.messageNanoEquals(a, aEquivalent));
      assertFalse(MessageNano.messageNanoEquals(a, new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      // Null and empty array for repeated fields equality:
      TestAllTypesNano b = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      b.repeatedBool = null;
      b.repeatedFloat = new float[0];
      TestAllTypesNano bEquivalent = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      bEquivalent.repeatedBool = new boolean[0];
      bEquivalent.repeatedFloat = null;
  
      // Ref-element-type repeated fields use non-null subsequence equality:
      TestAllTypesNano c = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      c.repeatedString = null;
      c.repeatedStringPiece = new String[] {null, "one", null, "two"};
      c.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {{3, 4}, null};
      TestAllTypesNano cEquivalent = createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      cEquivalent.repeatedString = new String[3];
      cEquivalent.repeatedStringPiece = new String[] {"one", "two", null};
      cEquivalent.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {{3, 4}};
  
      // Complete equality for messages with has fields:
      TestAllTypesNanoHas d = createMessageWithHasForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      TestAllTypesNanoHas dEquivalent = createMessageWithHasForHashCodeEqualsTest();
  
      // If has-fields exist, fields with the same default values but
      // different has-field values are different.
      TestAllTypesNanoHas e = createMessageWithHasForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      e.optionalInt32++; // make different from d
      e.hasDefaultString = false;
      TestAllTypesNanoHas eDifferent = createMessageWithHasForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      eDifferent.optionalInt32 = e.optionalInt32;
      eDifferent.hasDefaultString = true;
  
      // Complete equality for messages with accessors:
      TestNanoAccessors f = createMessageWithAccessorsForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      TestNanoAccessors fEquivalent = createMessageWithAccessorsForHashCodeEqualsTest();
  
      // If using accessors, explicitly setting a field to its default value
      // should make the message different.
      TestNanoAccessors g = createMessageWithAccessorsForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      g.setOptionalInt32(g.getOptionalInt32() + 1); // make different from f
      g.clearDefaultString();
      TestNanoAccessors gDifferent = createMessageWithAccessorsForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      gDifferent.setOptionalInt32(g.getOptionalInt32());
      gDifferent.setDefaultString(g.getDefaultString());
  
      // Complete equality for reference typed messages:
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano h = createRefTypedMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano hEquivalent = createRefTypedMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
  
      // Inequality of null and default value for reference typed messages:
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano i = createRefTypedMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      i.optionalInt32 = 1; // make different from h
      i.optionalFloat = null;
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano iDifferent = createRefTypedMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest();
      iDifferent.optionalInt32 = i.optionalInt32;
      iDifferent.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
  
      HashMap<MessageNano, String> hashMap = new HashMap<MessageNano, String>();
      hashMap.put(a, "a");
      hashMap.put(b, "b");
      hashMap.put(c, "c");
      hashMap.put(d, "d");
      hashMap.put(e, "e");
      hashMap.put(f, "f");
      hashMap.put(g, "g");
      hashMap.put(h, "h");
      hashMap.put(i, "i");
  
      assertEquals(9, hashMap.size()); // a-i should be different from each other.
  
      assertEquals("a", hashMap.get(a));
      assertEquals("a", hashMap.get(aEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("b", hashMap.get(b));
      assertEquals("b", hashMap.get(bEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("c", hashMap.get(c));
      assertEquals("c", hashMap.get(cEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("d", hashMap.get(d));
      assertEquals("d", hashMap.get(dEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("e", hashMap.get(e));
      assertNull(hashMap.get(eDifferent));
  
      assertEquals("f", hashMap.get(f));
      assertEquals("f", hashMap.get(fEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("g", hashMap.get(g));
      assertNull(hashMap.get(gDifferent));
  
      assertEquals("h", hashMap.get(h));
      assertEquals("h", hashMap.get(hEquivalent));
  
      assertEquals("i", hashMap.get(i));
      assertNull(hashMap.get(iDifferent));
    }
  
    private TestAllTypesNano createMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest() {
      TestAllTypesNano message = new TestAllTypesNano();
      message.optionalInt32 = 5;
      message.optionalInt64 = 777;
      message.optionalFloat = 1.0f;
      message.optionalDouble = 2.0;
      message.optionalBool = true;
      message.optionalString = "Hello";
      message.optionalBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 };
      message.optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      message.optionalNestedMessage.bb = 27;
      message.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      message.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 5, 6, 7, 8 };
      message.repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 27L, 28L, 29L };
      message.repeatedFloat = new float[] { 5.0f, 6.0f };
      message.repeatedDouble = new double[] { 99.1, 22.5 };
      message.repeatedBool = new boolean[] { true, false, true };
      message.repeatedString = new String[] { "One", "Two" };
      message.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { { 2, 7 }, { 2, 7 } };
      message.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {
        message.optionalNestedMessage,
        message.optionalNestedMessage
      };
      message.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
        TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
        TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      message.setOneofUint32(3);
      return message;
    }
  
    private TestAllTypesNanoHas createMessageWithHasForHashCodeEqualsTest() {
      TestAllTypesNanoHas message = new TestAllTypesNanoHas();
      message.optionalInt32 = 5;
      message.optionalString = "Hello";
      message.optionalBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 };
      message.optionalNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNanoHas.NestedMessage();
      message.optionalNestedMessage.bb = 27;
      message.optionalNestedEnum = TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      message.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 5, 6, 7, 8 };
      message.repeatedString = new String[] { "One", "Two" };
      message.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { { 2, 7 }, { 2, 7 } };
      message.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNanoHas.NestedMessage[] {
        message.optionalNestedMessage,
        message.optionalNestedMessage
      };
      message.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
        TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
        TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      return message;
    }
  
    private TestNanoAccessors createMessageWithAccessorsForHashCodeEqualsTest() {
      TestNanoAccessors message = new TestNanoAccessors()
          .setOptionalInt32(5)
          .setOptionalString("Hello")
          .setOptionalBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 3})
          .setOptionalNestedEnum(TestNanoAccessors.BAR);
      message.optionalNestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage().setBb(27);
      message.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 5, 6, 7, 8 };
      message.repeatedString = new String[] { "One", "Two" };
      message.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { { 2, 7 }, { 2, 7 } };
      message.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestNanoAccessors.NestedMessage[] {
        message.optionalNestedMessage,
        message.optionalNestedMessage
      };
      message.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
        TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
        TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      return message;
    }
  
    private NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano createRefTypedMessageForHashCodeEqualsTest() {
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano message = new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano();
      message.optionalInt32 = 5;
      message.optionalInt64 = 777L;
      message.optionalFloat = 1.0f;
      message.optionalDouble = 2.0;
      message.optionalBool = true;
      message.optionalString = "Hello";
      message.optionalBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 };
      message.optionalNestedMessage =
          new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      message.optionalNestedMessage.foo = 27;
      message.optionalNestedEnum = NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano.BAR;
      message.repeatedInt32 = new int[] { 5, 6, 7, 8 };
      message.repeatedInt64 = new long[] { 27L, 28L, 29L };
      message.repeatedFloat = new float[] { 5.0f, 6.0f };
      message.repeatedDouble = new double[] { 99.1, 22.5 };
      message.repeatedBool = new boolean[] { true, false, true };
      message.repeatedString = new String[] { "One", "Two" };
      message.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] { { 2, 7 }, { 2, 7 } };
      message.repeatedNestedMessage =
          new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {
            message.optionalNestedMessage,
            message.optionalNestedMessage
          };
      message.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
        NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano.BAR,
        NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano.BAZ
      };
      return message;
    }
  
    public void testEqualsWithSpecialFloatingPointValues() throws Exception {
      // Checks that the nano implementation complies with Object.equals() when treating
      // floating point numbers, i.e. NaN == NaN and +0.0 != -0.0.
      // This test assumes that the generated equals() implementations are symmetric, so
      // there will only be one direction for each equality check.
  
      TestAllTypesNano m1 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      m1.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m1.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      TestAllTypesNano m2 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      m2.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m2.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      assertTrue(m1.equals(m2));
      assertTrue(m1.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestAllTypesNano(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m1))));
  
      m1.optionalFloat = +0f;
      m2.optionalFloat = -0f;
      assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
  
      m1.optionalFloat = -0f;
      m1.optionalDouble = +0d;
      m2.optionalDouble = -0d;
      assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
  
      m1.optionalDouble = -0d;
      assertTrue(m1.equals(m2));
      assertFalse(m1.equals(new TestAllTypesNano())); // -0 does not equals() the default +0
      assertTrue(m1.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestAllTypesNano(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m1))));
  
      // -------
  
      TestAllTypesNanoHas m3 = new TestAllTypesNanoHas();
      m3.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m3.hasOptionalFloat = true;
      m3.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      m3.hasOptionalDouble = true;
      TestAllTypesNanoHas m4 = new TestAllTypesNanoHas();
      m4.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m4.hasOptionalFloat = true;
      m4.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      m4.hasOptionalDouble = true;
      assertTrue(m3.equals(m4));
      assertTrue(m3.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestAllTypesNanoHas(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m3))));
  
      m3.optionalFloat = +0f;
      m4.optionalFloat = -0f;
      assertFalse(m3.equals(m4));
  
      m3.optionalFloat = -0f;
      m3.optionalDouble = +0d;
      m4.optionalDouble = -0d;
      assertFalse(m3.equals(m4));
  
      m3.optionalDouble = -0d;
      m3.hasOptionalFloat = false;  // -0 does not equals() the default +0,
      m3.hasOptionalDouble = false; // so these incorrect 'has' flags should be disregarded.
      assertTrue(m3.equals(m4));    // note: m4 has the 'has' flags set.
      assertFalse(m3.equals(new TestAllTypesNanoHas())); // note: the new message has +0 defaults
      assertTrue(m3.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestAllTypesNanoHas(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m3))));
                                    // note: the deserialized message has the 'has' flags set.
  
      // -------
  
      TestNanoAccessors m5 = new TestNanoAccessors();
      m5.setOptionalFloat(Float.NaN);
      m5.setOptionalDouble(Double.NaN);
      TestNanoAccessors m6 = new TestNanoAccessors();
      m6.setOptionalFloat(Float.NaN);
      m6.setOptionalDouble(Double.NaN);
      assertTrue(m5.equals(m6));
      assertTrue(m5.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestNanoAccessors(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m6))));
  
      m5.setOptionalFloat(+0f);
      m6.setOptionalFloat(-0f);
      assertFalse(m5.equals(m6));
  
      m5.setOptionalFloat(-0f);
      m5.setOptionalDouble(+0d);
      m6.setOptionalDouble(-0d);
      assertFalse(m5.equals(m6));
  
      m5.setOptionalDouble(-0d);
      assertTrue(m5.equals(m6));
      assertFalse(m5.equals(new TestNanoAccessors()));
      assertTrue(m5.equals(
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestNanoAccessors(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m6))));
  
      // -------
  
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano m7 = new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano();
      m7.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m7.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano m8 = new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano();
      m8.optionalFloat = Float.NaN;
      m8.optionalDouble = Double.NaN;
      assertTrue(m7.equals(m8));
      assertTrue(m7.equals(MessageNano.mergeFrom(
          new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m7))));
  
      m7.optionalFloat = +0f;
      m8.optionalFloat = -0f;
      assertFalse(m7.equals(m8));
  
      m7.optionalFloat = -0f;
      m7.optionalDouble = +0d;
      m8.optionalDouble = -0d;
      assertFalse(m7.equals(m8));
  
      m7.optionalDouble = -0d;
      assertTrue(m7.equals(m8));
      assertFalse(m7.equals(new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano()));
      assertTrue(m7.equals(MessageNano.mergeFrom(
          new NanoReferenceTypes.TestAllTypesNano(), MessageNano.toByteArray(m7))));
    }
  
    private static TestAllTypesNano generateMessageForOneof(int caseNumber) {
      TestAllTypesNano result = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nested =
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nested.bb = 2;
      switch (caseNumber) {
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofUint32(1);
          break;
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAR);
          break;
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofNestedMessage(nested);
          break;
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofBytes(new byte[] {1, 2});
          break;
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofString("hello");
          break;
        case TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER:
          result.setOneofFixed64(-1L);
          break;
        default:
          throw new RuntimeException("unexpected case number: " + caseNumber);
      }
      return result;
    }
  
    public void testOneofHashCodeEquals() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m1 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m1, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m1.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      TestAllTypesNano m2 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m2, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m2.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      TestAllTypesNano m3 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m3, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m3.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      TestAllTypesNano m4 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m4, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m4.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      TestAllTypesNano m5 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m5, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m5.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      TestAllTypesNano m6 = generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(m6, generateMessageForOneof(
          TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER));
      assertFalse(m6.equals(new TestAllTypesNano()));
  
      Map<TestAllTypesNano, Integer> map =
          new HashMap<TestAllTypesNano, Integer>();
      map.put(m1, 1);
      map.put(m2, 2);
      map.put(m3, 3);
      map.put(m4, 4);
      map.put(m5, 5);
      map.put(m6, 6);
  
      assertEquals(6, map.size());
    }
  
    private void checkOneofCase(TestAllTypesNano nano, int field)
        throws Exception {
      assertEquals(field, nano.getOneofFieldCase());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofBytes());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofEnum());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofFixed64());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofNestedMessage());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofString());
      assertEquals(
          field == TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
          nano.hasOneofUint32());
  
    }
  
    public void testOneofDefault() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m1 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      checkOneofCase(m1, 0);
      assertEquals(WireFormatNano.EMPTY_BYTES, m1.getOneofBytes());
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, m1.getOneofEnum());
      assertEquals(0L, m1.getOneofFixed64());
      assertEquals(null, m1.getOneofNestedMessage());
      assertEquals("", m1.getOneofString());
      assertEquals(0, m1.getOneofUint32());
    }
  
    public void testOneofExclusiveness() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m = new TestAllTypesNano();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofBytes(new byte[]{0, 1});
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{0,  1}, m.getOneofBytes()));
  
      m.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ);
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, m.getOneofEnum());
      assertEquals(WireFormatNano.EMPTY_BYTES, m.getOneofBytes());
  
      m.setOneofFixed64(-1L);
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(-1L, m.getOneofFixed64());
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, m.getOneofEnum());
  
      m.setOneofNestedMessage(new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage());
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage(), m.getOneofNestedMessage());
      assertEquals(0L, m.getOneofFixed64());
  
      m.setOneofString("hello");
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals("hello", m.getOneofString());
      assertNull(m.getOneofNestedMessage());
  
      m.setOneofUint32(10);
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(10, m.getOneofUint32());
      assertEquals("", m.getOneofString());
  
      m.setOneofBytes(new byte[]{0, 1});
      checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{0,  1}, m.getOneofBytes()));
      assertEquals(0, m.getOneofUint32());
    }
  
    public void testOneofClear() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m = new TestAllTypesNano();
      m.setOneofBytes(new byte[]{0, 1});
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ);
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofFixed64(-1L);
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofNestedMessage(new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage());
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofString("hello");
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
  
      m.setOneofUint32(10);
      m.clearOneofField();
      checkOneofCase(m, 0);
    }
  
    public void testOneofMarshaling() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m = new TestAllTypesNano();
      TestAllTypesNano parsed = new TestAllTypesNano();
      {
        m.setOneofBytes(new byte[]{0, 1});
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(parsed, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{0, 1}, parsed.getOneofBytes()));
      }
      {
        m.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ);
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, m.getOneofEnum());
      }
      {
        m.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ);
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, m.getOneofEnum());
      }
      {
        m.setOneofFixed64(-1L);
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertEquals(-1L, m.getOneofFixed64());
      }
      {
        m.setOneofNestedMessage(new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage());
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertEquals(
            new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage(), m.getOneofNestedMessage());
      }
      {
        m.setOneofString("hello");
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        assertEquals("hello", m.getOneofString());
        assertNull(m.getOneofNestedMessage());
      }
      {
        m.setOneofUint32(10);
        byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(m);
        MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, serialized);
        checkOneofCase(m, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER);
        assertEquals(10, m.getOneofUint32());
      }
    }
  
    public void testOneofSerializedConcat() throws Exception {
      TestAllTypesNano m1 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      m1.setOneofBytes(new byte[] {0, 1});
      byte[] b1 = MessageNano.toByteArray(m1);
      TestAllTypesNano m2 = new TestAllTypesNano();
      m2.setOneofEnum(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ);
      byte[] b2 = MessageNano.toByteArray(m2);
      byte[] b3 = new byte[b1.length + b2.length];
      System.arraycopy(b1, 0, b3, 0, b1.length);
      System.arraycopy(b2, 0, b3, b1.length, b2.length);
      TestAllTypesNano parsed = new TestAllTypesNano();
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, b3);
      // the last on the wire wins.
      checkOneofCase(parsed, TestAllTypesNano.ONEOF_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAZ, parsed.getOneofEnum());
    }
  
    public void testNullRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
      // Check that serialization after explicitly setting a repeated field
      // to null doesn't NPE.
      TestAllTypesNano message = new TestAllTypesNano();
      message.repeatedInt32 = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message);  // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      message.repeatedNestedEnum = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message);  // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      message.repeatedBytes = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message); // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      message.repeatedNestedMessage = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message); // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      message.repeatedPackedInt32 = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message); // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      message.repeatedPackedNestedEnum = null;
      MessageNano.toByteArray(message); // should not NPE
      message.toString(); // should not NPE
  
      // Create a second message to merge into message.
      TestAllTypesNano secondMessage = new TestAllTypesNano();
      secondMessage.repeatedInt32 = new int[] {1, 2, 3};
      secondMessage.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {
        TestAllTypesNano.FOO, TestAllTypesNano.BAR
      };
      secondMessage.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage nested =
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      nested.bb = 55;
      secondMessage.repeatedNestedMessage =
          new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {nested};
      secondMessage.repeatedPackedInt32 = new int[] {1, 2, 3};
      secondMessage.repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] {
          TestAllTypesNano.FOO, TestAllTypesNano.BAR
        };
  
      // Should not NPE
      message.mergeFrom(CodedInputByteBufferNano.newInstance(
          MessageNano.toByteArray(secondMessage)));
      assertEquals(3, message.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(3, message.repeatedInt32[2]);
      assertEquals(2, message.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, message.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(2, message.repeatedBytes.length);
      assertEquals(4, message.repeatedBytes[1][1]);
      assertEquals(1, message.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(55, message.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(3, message.repeatedPackedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(2, message.repeatedPackedInt32[1]);
      assertEquals(2, message.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, message.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[1]);
    }
  
    public void testNullRepeatedFieldElements() throws Exception {
      // Check that serialization with null array elements doesn't NPE.
      String string1 = "1";
      String string2 = "2";
      byte[] bytes1 = {3, 4};
      byte[] bytes2 = {5, 6};
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage msg1 = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg1.bb = 7;
      TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage msg2 = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage();
      msg2.bb = 8;
  
      TestAllTypesNano message = new TestAllTypesNano();
      message.repeatedString = new String[] {null, string1, string2};
      message.repeatedBytes = new byte[][] {bytes1, null, bytes2};
      message.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {msg1, msg2, null};
      message.repeatedGroup = new TestAllTypesNano.RepeatedGroup[] {null, null, null};
  
      byte[] serialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(message); // should not NPE
      TestAllTypesNano deserialized = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new TestAllTypesNano(), serialized);
      assertEquals(2, deserialized.repeatedString.length);
      assertEquals(string1, deserialized.repeatedString[0]);
      assertEquals(string2, deserialized.repeatedString[1]);
      assertEquals(2, deserialized.repeatedBytes.length);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytes1, deserialized.repeatedBytes[0]));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytes2, deserialized.repeatedBytes[1]));
      assertEquals(2, deserialized.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(msg1.bb, deserialized.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(msg2.bb, deserialized.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb);
      assertEquals(0, deserialized.repeatedGroup.length);
    }
  
    public void testRepeatedMerge() throws Exception {
      // Check that merging repeated fields cause the arrays to expand with
      // new data.
      TestAllTypesNano first = new TestAllTypesNano();
      first.repeatedInt32 = new int[] {1, 2, 3};
      TestAllTypesNano second = new TestAllTypesNano();
      second.repeatedInt32 = new int[] {4, 5};
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(first, MessageNano.toByteArray(second));
      assertEquals(5, first.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(1, first.repeatedInt32[0]);
      assertEquals(4, first.repeatedInt32[3]);
  
      first = new TestAllTypesNano();
      first.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {TestAllTypesNano.BAR};
      second = new TestAllTypesNano();
      second.repeatedNestedEnum = new int[] {TestAllTypesNano.FOO};
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(first, MessageNano.toByteArray(second));
      assertEquals(2, first.repeatedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, first.repeatedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, first.repeatedNestedEnum[1]);
  
      first = new TestAllTypesNano();
      first.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage()
      };
      first.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb = 3;
      second = new TestAllTypesNano();
      second.repeatedNestedMessage = new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage[] {
        new TestAllTypesNano.NestedMessage()
      };
      second.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb = 5;
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(first, MessageNano.toByteArray(second));
      assertEquals(2, first.repeatedNestedMessage.length);
      assertEquals(3, first.repeatedNestedMessage[0].bb);
      assertEquals(5, first.repeatedNestedMessage[1].bb);
  
      first = new TestAllTypesNano();
      first.repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] {-1, -2, -3};
      second = new TestAllTypesNano();
      second.repeatedPackedSfixed64 = new long[] {-4, -5};
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(first, MessageNano.toByteArray(second));
      assertEquals(5, first.repeatedPackedSfixed64.length);
      assertEquals(-1, first.repeatedPackedSfixed64[0]);
      assertEquals(-4, first.repeatedPackedSfixed64[3]);
  
      first = new TestAllTypesNano();
      first.repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] {TestAllTypesNano.BAR};
      second = new TestAllTypesNano();
      second.repeatedPackedNestedEnum = new int[] {TestAllTypesNano.FOO};
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(first, MessageNano.toByteArray(second));
      assertEquals(2, first.repeatedPackedNestedEnum.length);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.BAR, first.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[0]);
      assertEquals(TestAllTypesNano.FOO, first.repeatedPackedNestedEnum[1]);
  
      // Now test repeated merging in a nested scope
      TestRepeatedMergeNano firstContainer = new TestRepeatedMergeNano();
      firstContainer.contained = new TestAllTypesNano();
      firstContainer.contained.repeatedInt32 = new int[] {10, 20};
      TestRepeatedMergeNano secondContainer = new TestRepeatedMergeNano();
      secondContainer.contained = new TestAllTypesNano();
      secondContainer.contained.repeatedInt32 = new int[] {30};
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(firstContainer, MessageNano.toByteArray(secondContainer));
      assertEquals(3, firstContainer.contained.repeatedInt32.length);
      assertEquals(20, firstContainer.contained.repeatedInt32[1]);
      assertEquals(30, firstContainer.contained.repeatedInt32[2]);
    }
  
    public void testRepeatedPackables() throws Exception {
      // Check that repeated fields with packable types can accept both packed and unpacked
      // serialized forms.
      NanoRepeatedPackables.NonPacked nonPacked = new NanoRepeatedPackables.NonPacked();
      // Exaggerates the first values of varint-typed arrays. This is to test that the parsing code
      // of packed fields handles non-packed data correctly. If the code incorrectly thinks it is
      // reading from a packed tag, it will read the first value as the byte length of the field,
      // and the large number will cause the input to go out of bounds, thus capturing the error.
      nonPacked.int32S = new int[] {1000, 2, 3};
      nonPacked.int64S = new long[] {4000, 5, 6};
      nonPacked.uint32S = new int[] {7000, 8, 9};
      nonPacked.uint64S = new long[] {10000, 11, 12};
      nonPacked.sint32S = new int[] {13000, 14, 15};
      nonPacked.sint64S = new long[] {16000, 17, 18};
      nonPacked.fixed32S = new int[] {19, 20, 21};
      nonPacked.fixed64S = new long[] {22, 23, 24};
      nonPacked.sfixed32S = new int[] {25, 26, 27};
      nonPacked.sfixed64S = new long[] {28, 29, 30};
      nonPacked.floats = new float[] {31, 32, 33};
      nonPacked.doubles = new double[] {34, 35, 36};
      nonPacked.bools = new boolean[] {false, true};
      nonPacked.enums = new int[] {
        NanoRepeatedPackables.Enum.OPTION_ONE,
        NanoRepeatedPackables.Enum.OPTION_TWO,
      };
      nonPacked.noise = 13579;
  
      byte[] nonPackedSerialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(nonPacked);
  
      NanoRepeatedPackables.Packed packed =
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(new NanoRepeatedPackables.Packed(), nonPackedSerialized);
      assertRepeatedPackablesEqual(nonPacked, packed);
  
      byte[] packedSerialized = MessageNano.toByteArray(packed);
      // Just a cautious check that the two serialized forms are different,
      // to make sure the remaining of this test is useful:
      assertFalse(Arrays.equals(nonPackedSerialized, packedSerialized));
  
      nonPacked = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new NanoRepeatedPackables.NonPacked(), packedSerialized);
      assertRepeatedPackablesEqual(nonPacked, packed);
  
      // Test mixed serialized form.
      byte[] mixedSerialized = new byte[nonPackedSerialized.length + packedSerialized.length];
      System.arraycopy(nonPackedSerialized, 0, mixedSerialized, 0, nonPackedSerialized.length);
      System.arraycopy(packedSerialized, 0,
          mixedSerialized, nonPackedSerialized.length, packedSerialized.length);
  
      nonPacked = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new NanoRepeatedPackables.NonPacked(), mixedSerialized);
      packed = MessageNano.mergeFrom(new NanoRepeatedPackables.Packed(), mixedSerialized);
      assertRepeatedPackablesEqual(nonPacked, packed);
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] {1000, 2, 3, 1000, 2, 3}, nonPacked.int32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] {13000, 14, 15, 13000, 14, 15}, nonPacked.sint32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] {25, 26, 27, 25, 26, 27}, nonPacked.sfixed32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new boolean[] {false, true, false, true}, nonPacked.bools));
    }
  
    public void testMapsSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
      TestMap origin = new TestMap();
      setMapMessage(origin);
      assertMapMessageSet(origin);
  
      byte[] output = MessageNano.toByteArray(origin);
      TestMap parsed = new TestMap();
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(parsed, output);
    }
  
    public void testMapSerializeRejectNull() throws Exception {
      TestMap primitiveMap = new TestMap();
      primitiveMap.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      primitiveMap.int32ToInt32Field.put(null, 1);
      try {
        MessageNano.toByteArray(primitiveMap);
        fail("should reject null keys");
      } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        // pass.
      }
  
      TestMap messageMap = new TestMap();
      messageMap.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      messageMap.int32ToMessageField.put(0, null);
      try {
        MessageNano.toByteArray(messageMap);
        fail("should reject null values");
      } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        // pass.
      }
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that merging bytes containing conflicting keys with override the
     * message value instead of merging the message value into the existing entry.
     */
    public void testMapMergeOverrideMessageValues() throws Exception {
      TestMap.MessageValue origValue = new TestMap.MessageValue();
      origValue.value = 1;
      origValue.value2 = 2;
      TestMap.MessageValue newValue = new TestMap.MessageValue();
      newValue.value = 3;
  
      TestMap origMessage = new TestMap();
      origMessage.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      origMessage.int32ToMessageField.put(1, origValue);
  
      TestMap newMessage = new TestMap();
      newMessage.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      newMessage.int32ToMessageField.put(1, newValue);
      MessageNano.mergeFrom(origMessage,
          MessageNano.toByteArray(newMessage));
      TestMap.MessageValue mergedValue = origMessage.int32ToMessageField.get(1);
      assertEquals(3, mergedValue.value);
      assertEquals(0, mergedValue.value2);
    }
  
    /**
     * Tests that when merging with empty entries,
     * we will use default for the key and value, instead of null.
     */
    public void testMapMergeEmptyEntry() throws Exception {
      TestMap testMap = new TestMap();
      byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
      CodedOutputByteBufferNano output =
          CodedOutputByteBufferNano.newInstance(buffer);
      // An empty entry for int32_to_int32 map.
      output.writeTag(1, WireFormatNano.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
      output.writeRawVarint32(0);
      // An empty entry for int32_to_message map.
      output.writeTag(5, WireFormatNano.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
      output.writeRawVarint32(0);
  
      CodedInputByteBufferNano input = CodedInputByteBufferNano.newInstance(
          buffer, 0, buffer.length - output.spaceLeft());
      testMap.mergeFrom(input);
      assertNotNull(testMap.int32ToInt32Field);;
      assertEquals(1, testMap.int32ToInt32Field.size());
      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(0), testMap.int32ToInt32Field.get(0));
      assertNotNull(testMap.int32ToMessageField);
      assertEquals(1, testMap.int32ToMessageField.size());
      TestMap.MessageValue messageValue = testMap.int32ToMessageField.get(0);
      assertNotNull(messageValue);
      assertEquals(0, messageValue.value);
      assertEquals(0, messageValue.value2);
    }
  
    public void testMapEquals() throws Exception {
      TestMap a = new TestMap();
      TestMap b = new TestMap();
  
      // empty and null map fields are equal.
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
      a.int32ToBytesField = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      a.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      b.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      setMap(a.int32ToInt32Field, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(int32Values));
      setMap(b.int32ToInt32Field, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(int32Values));
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      a.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      b.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      setMap(a.int32ToMessageField,
          deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(messageValues));
      setMap(b.int32ToMessageField,
          deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(messageValues));
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      a.stringToInt32Field = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
      b.stringToInt32Field = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
      setMap(a.stringToInt32Field, deepCopy(stringValues), deepCopy(int32Values));
      setMap(b.stringToInt32Field, deepCopy(stringValues), deepCopy(int32Values));
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      a.int32ToBytesField = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
      b.int32ToBytesField = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
      setMap(a.int32ToBytesField, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(bytesValues));
      setMap(b.int32ToBytesField, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(bytesValues));
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      // Make sure the map implementation does not matter.
      a.int32ToStringField = new TreeMap<Integer, String>();
      b.int32ToStringField = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
      setMap(a.int32ToStringField, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(stringValues));
      setMap(b.int32ToStringField, deepCopy(int32Values), deepCopy(stringValues));
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      a.clear();
      b.clear();
  
      // unequal cases: different value
      a.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      b.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      a.int32ToInt32Field.put(1, 1);
      b.int32ToInt32Field.put(1, 2);
      assertTestMapUnequal(a, b);
      // unequal case: additional entry
      b.int32ToInt32Field.put(1, 1);
      b.int32ToInt32Field.put(2, 1);
      assertTestMapUnequal(a, b);
      a.int32ToInt32Field.put(2, 1);
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
  
      // unequal case: different message value.
      a.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      b.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      MessageValue va = new MessageValue();
      va.value = 1;
      MessageValue vb = new MessageValue();
      vb.value = 1;
      a.int32ToMessageField.put(1, va);
      b.int32ToMessageField.put(1, vb);
      assertTestMapEqual(a, b);
      vb.value = 2;
      assertTestMapUnequal(a, b);
    }
  
    private static void assertTestMapEqual(TestMap a, TestMap b)
        throws Exception {
      assertEquals(a.hashCode(), b.hashCode());
      assertTrue(a.equals(b));
      assertTrue(b.equals(a));
    }
  
    private static void assertTestMapUnequal(TestMap a, TestMap b)
        throws Exception {
      assertFalse(a.equals(b));
      assertFalse(b.equals(a));
    }
  
    private static final Integer[] int32Values = new Integer[] {
      0, 1, -1, Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE,
    };
  
    private static final Long[] int64Values = new Long[] {
      0L, 1L, -1L, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE,
    };
  
    private static final String[] stringValues = new String[] {
      "", "hello", "world", "foo", "bar",
    };
  
    private static final byte[][] bytesValues = new byte[][] {
      new byte[] {},
      new byte[] {0},
      new byte[] {1, -1},
      new byte[] {127, -128},
      new byte[] {'a', 'b', '0', '1'},
    };
  
    private static final Boolean[] boolValues = new Boolean[] {
      false, true,
    };
  
    private static final Integer[] enumValues = new Integer[] {
      TestMap.FOO, TestMap.BAR, TestMap.BAZ, TestMap.QUX,
      Integer.MAX_VALUE /* unknown */,
    };
  
    private static final TestMap.MessageValue[] messageValues =
        new TestMap.MessageValue[] {
      newMapValueMessage(0),
      newMapValueMessage(1),
      newMapValueMessage(-1),
      newMapValueMessage(Integer.MAX_VALUE),
      newMapValueMessage(Integer.MIN_VALUE),
    };
  
    private static TestMap.MessageValue newMapValueMessage(int value) {
      TestMap.MessageValue result = new TestMap.MessageValue();
      result.value = value;
      return result;
    }
  
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <T> T[] deepCopy(T[] orig) throws Exception {
      if (orig instanceof MessageValue[]) {
        MessageValue[] result = new MessageValue[orig.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < orig.length; i++) {
          result[i] = new MessageValue();
          MessageNano.mergeFrom(
              result[i], MessageNano.toByteArray((MessageValue) orig[i]));
        }
        return (T[]) result;
      }
      if (orig instanceof byte[][]) {
        byte[][] result = new byte[orig.length][];
        for (int i = 0; i < orig.length; i++) {
          byte[] origBytes = (byte[]) orig[i];
          result[i] = Arrays.copyOf(origBytes, origBytes.length);
        }
      }
      return Arrays.copyOf(orig, orig.length);
    }
  
    private <K, V> void setMap(Map<K, V> map, K[] keys, V[] values) {
      assert(keys.length == values.length);
      for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
        map.put(keys[i], values[i]);
      }
    }
  
    private <K, V> void assertMapSet(
        Map<K, V> map, K[] keys, V[] values) throws Exception {
      assert(keys.length == values.length);
      for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        assertEquals(values[i], map.get(keys[i]));
      }
      assertEquals(keys.length, map.size());
    }
  
    private void setMapMessage(TestMap testMap) {
      testMap.int32ToInt32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.int32ToBytesField = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
      testMap.int32ToEnumField = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.int32ToMessageField =
          new HashMap<Integer, MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue>();
      testMap.int32ToStringField = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
      testMap.stringToInt32Field = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
      testMap.boolToBoolField = new HashMap<Boolean, Boolean>();
      testMap.uint32ToUint32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.sint32ToSint32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.fixed32ToFixed32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.sfixed32ToSfixed32Field = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
      testMap.int64ToInt64Field = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
      testMap.uint64ToUint64Field = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
      testMap.sint64ToSint64Field = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
      testMap.fixed64ToFixed64Field = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
      testMap.sfixed64ToSfixed64Field = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
      setMap(testMap.int32ToInt32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.int32ToBytesField, int32Values, bytesValues);
      setMap(testMap.int32ToEnumField, int32Values, enumValues);
      setMap(testMap.int32ToMessageField, int32Values, messageValues);
      setMap(testMap.int32ToStringField, int32Values, stringValues);
      setMap(testMap.stringToInt32Field, stringValues, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.boolToBoolField, boolValues, boolValues);
      setMap(testMap.uint32ToUint32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.sint32ToSint32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.fixed32ToFixed32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.sfixed32ToSfixed32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      setMap(testMap.int64ToInt64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      setMap(testMap.uint64ToUint64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      setMap(testMap.sint64ToSint64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      setMap(testMap.fixed64ToFixed64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      setMap(testMap.sfixed64ToSfixed64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
    }
    private void assertMapMessageSet(TestMap testMap) throws Exception {
      assertMapSet(testMap.int32ToInt32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.int32ToBytesField, int32Values, bytesValues);
      assertMapSet(testMap.int32ToEnumField, int32Values, enumValues);
      assertMapSet(testMap.int32ToMessageField, int32Values, messageValues);
      assertMapSet(testMap.int32ToStringField, int32Values, stringValues);
      assertMapSet(testMap.stringToInt32Field, stringValues, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.boolToBoolField, boolValues, boolValues);
      assertMapSet(testMap.uint32ToUint32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.sint32ToSint32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.fixed32ToFixed32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.sfixed32ToSfixed32Field, int32Values, int32Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.int64ToInt64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.uint64ToUint64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.sint64ToSint64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.fixed64ToFixed64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
      assertMapSet(testMap.sfixed64ToSfixed64Field, int64Values, int64Values);
    }
  
    public void testRepeatedFieldInitializedInReftypesCompatMode() {
      NanoReferenceTypesCompat.TestAllTypesNano proto = new NanoReferenceTypesCompat.TestAllTypesNano();
      assertNotNull(proto.repeatedString);
    }
  
    private void assertRepeatedPackablesEqual(
        NanoRepeatedPackables.NonPacked nonPacked, NanoRepeatedPackables.Packed packed) {
      // Not using MessageNano.equals() -- that belongs to a separate test.
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.int32S, packed.int32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.int64S, packed.int64S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.uint32S, packed.uint32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.uint64S, packed.uint64S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.sint32S, packed.sint32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.sint64S, packed.sint64S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.fixed32S, packed.fixed32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.fixed64S, packed.fixed64S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.sfixed32S, packed.sfixed32S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.sfixed64S, packed.sfixed64S));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.floats, packed.floats));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.doubles, packed.doubles));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.bools, packed.bools));
      assertTrue(Arrays.equals(nonPacked.enums, packed.enums));
    }
  
    public void testClone() throws Exception {
      // A simple message.
      AnotherMessage anotherMessage = new AnotherMessage();
      anotherMessage.string = "Hello";
      anotherMessage.value = true;
      anotherMessage.integers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
  
      AnotherMessage clone = anotherMessage.clone();
      assertEquals(clone, anotherMessage);
  
      // Verify it was a deep clone - changes to the clone shouldn't affect the
      // original.
      clone.integers[1] = 100;
      assertFalse(clone.equals(anotherMessage));
    }
  
    private void assertHasWireData(MessageNano message, boolean expected) {
      byte[] bytes = MessageNano.toByteArray(message);
      int wireLength = bytes.length;
      if (expected) {
        assertFalse(wireLength == 0);
      } else {
        if (wireLength != 0) {
          fail("Expected no wire data for message \n" + message
              + "\nBut got:\n"
              + hexDump(bytes));
        }
      }
    }
  
    private static String hexDump(byte[] bytes) {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      for (byte b : bytes) {
        sb.append(String.format("%02x ", b));
      }
      return sb.toString();
    }
  }
  