/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * Extracts non-overlapping substrings from an input string, typically by recognizing appearances of
 * a <i>separator</i> sequence. This separator can be specified as a single {@linkplain #on(char)
 * character}, fixed {@linkplain #on(String) string}, {@linkplain #onPattern regular expression} or
 * {@link #on(CharMatcher) CharMatcher} instance. Or, instead of using a separator at all, a
 * splitter can extract adjacent substrings of a given {@linkplain #fixedLength fixed length}.
 *
 * <p>For example, this expression: <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   Splitter.on(',').split("foo,bar,qux")}</pre>
 *
 * ... produces an {@code Iterable} containing {@code "foo"}, {@code "bar"} and {@code "qux"}, in
 * that order.
 *
 * <p>By default, {@code Splitter}'s behavior is simplistic and unassuming. The following
 * expression: <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   Splitter.on(',').split(" foo,,,  bar ,")}</pre>
 *
 * ... yields the substrings {@code [" foo", "", "", "  bar ", ""]}. If this is not the desired
 * behavior, use configuration methods to obtain a <i>new</i> splitter instance with modified
 * behavior: <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   private static final Splitter MY_SPLITTER = Splitter.on(',')
 *       .trimResults()
 *       .omitEmptyStrings();}</pre>
 *
 * <p>Now {@code MY_SPLITTER.split("foo,,,  bar ,")} returns just {@code ["foo",
 * "bar"]}. Note that the order in which these configuration methods are called is never
 * significant.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> Splitter instances are immutable. Invoking a configuration method has no
 * effect on the receiving instance; you must store and use the new splitter instance it returns
 * instead. <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   // Do NOT do this
 *   Splitter splitter = Splitter.on('/');
 *   splitter.trimResults(); // does nothing!
 *   return splitter.split("wrong / wrong / wrong");}</pre>
 *
 * <p>For separator-based splitters that do not use {@code omitEmptyStrings}, an input string
 * containing {@code n} occurrences of the separator naturally yields an iterable of size
 * {@code n + 1}. So if the separator does not occur anywhere in the input, a single substring is
 * returned containing the entire input. Consequently, all splitters split the empty string to
 * {@code [""]} (note: even fixed-length splitters).
 *
 * <p>Splitter instances are thread-safe immutable, and are therefore safe to store as
 * {@code static final} constants.
 *
 * <p>The {@link Joiner} class provides the inverse operation to splitting, but note that a
 * round-trip between the two should be assumed to be lossy.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on
 * <a href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/StringsExplained#splitter">{@code Splitter}</a>.
 *
 * @author Julien Silland
 * @author Jesse Wilson
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public final class Splitter {
  private final CharMatcher trimmer;
  private final boolean omitEmptyStrings;
  private final Strategy strategy;
  private final int limit;

  private Splitter(Strategy strategy) {
    this(strategy, false, CharMatcher.none(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
  }

  private Splitter(Strategy strategy, boolean omitEmptyStrings, CharMatcher trimmer, int limit) {
    this.strategy = strategy;
    this.omitEmptyStrings = omitEmptyStrings;
    this.trimmer = trimmer;
    this.limit = limit;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that uses the given single-character separator. For example,
   * {@code Splitter.on(',').split("foo,,bar")} returns an iterable containing
   * {@code ["foo", "", "bar"]}.
   *
   * @param separator the character to recognize as a separator
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that recognizes that separator
   */
  public static Splitter on(char separator) {
    return on(CharMatcher.is(separator));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that considers any single character matched by the given {@code CharMatcher}
   * to be a separator. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(CharMatcher.anyOf(";,")).split("foo,;bar,quux")} returns an iterable containing
   * {@code ["foo", "", "bar", "quux"]}.
   *
   * @param separatorMatcher a {@link CharMatcher} that determines whether a character is a
   *     separator
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that uses this matcher
   */
  public static Splitter on(final CharMatcher separatorMatcher) {
    checkNotNull(separatorMatcher);

    return new Splitter(
        new Strategy() {
          @Override
          public SplittingIterator iterator(Splitter splitter, final CharSequence toSplit) {
            return new SplittingIterator(splitter, toSplit) {
              @Override
              int separatorStart(int start) {
                return separatorMatcher.indexIn(toSplit, start);
              }

              @Override
              int separatorEnd(int separatorPosition) {
                return separatorPosition + 1;
              }
            };
          }
        });
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that uses the given fixed string as a separator. For example,
   * {@code Splitter.on(", ").split("foo, bar,baz")} returns an iterable containing
   * {@code ["foo", "bar,baz"]}.
   *
   * @param separator the literal, nonempty string to recognize as a separator
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that recognizes that separator
   */
  public static Splitter on(final String separator) {
    checkArgument(separator.length() != 0, "The separator may not be the empty string.");
    if (separator.length() == 1) {
      return Splitter.on(separator.charAt(0));
    }
    return new Splitter(
        new Strategy() {
          @Override
          public SplittingIterator iterator(Splitter splitter, CharSequence toSplit) {
            return new SplittingIterator(splitter, toSplit) {
              @Override
              public int separatorStart(int start) {
                int separatorLength = separator.length();

                positions:
                for (int p = start, last = toSplit.length() - separatorLength; p <= last; p++) {
                  for (int i = 0; i < separatorLength; i++) {
                    if (toSplit.charAt(i + p) != separator.charAt(i)) {
                      continue positions;
                    }
                  }
                  return p;
                }
                return -1;
              }

              @Override
              public int separatorEnd(int separatorPosition) {
                return separatorPosition + separator.length();
              }
            };
          }
        });
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that considers any subsequence matching {@code
   * pattern} to be a separator. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(Pattern.compile("\r?\n")).split(entireFile)} splits a string into lines whether it
   * uses DOS-style or UNIX-style line terminators.
   *
   * @param separatorPattern the pattern that determines whether a subsequence is a separator. This
   *     pattern may not match the empty string.
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that uses this pattern
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code separatorPattern} matches the empty string
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.util.regex
  public static Splitter on(final Pattern separatorPattern) {
    checkNotNull(separatorPattern);
    checkArgument(
        !separatorPattern.matcher("").matches(),
        "The pattern may not match the empty string: %s",
        separatorPattern);

    return new Splitter(
        new Strategy() {
          @Override
          public SplittingIterator iterator(final Splitter splitter, CharSequence toSplit) {
            final Matcher matcher = separatorPattern.matcher(toSplit);
            return new SplittingIterator(splitter, toSplit) {
              @Override
              public int separatorStart(int start) {
                return matcher.find(start) ? matcher.start() : -1;
              }

              @Override
              public int separatorEnd(int separatorPosition) {
                return matcher.end();
              }
            };
          }
        });
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that considers any subsequence matching a given pattern (regular expression)
   * to be a separator. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.onPattern("\r?\n").split(entireFile)} splits a string into lines whether it uses
   * DOS-style or UNIX-style line terminators. This is equivalent to
   * {@code Splitter.on(Pattern.compile(pattern))}.
   *
   * @param separatorPattern the pattern that determines whether a subsequence is a separator. This
   *     pattern may not match the empty string.
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that uses this pattern
   * @throws java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException if {@code separatorPattern} is a malformed
   *     expression
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code separatorPattern} matches the empty string
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.util.regex
  public static Splitter onPattern(String separatorPattern) {
    return on(Pattern.compile(separatorPattern));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that divides strings into pieces of the given length. For example,
   * {@code Splitter.fixedLength(2).split("abcde")} returns an iterable containing
   * {@code ["ab", "cd", "e"]}. The last piece can be smaller than {@code length} but will never be
   * empty.
   *
   * <p><b>Exception:</b> for consistency with separator-based splitters, {@code
   * split("")} does not yield an empty iterable, but an iterable containing {@code ""}. This is the
   * only case in which {@code
   * Iterables.size(split(input))} does not equal {@code
   * IntMath.divide(input.length(), length, CEILING)}. To avoid this behavior, use
   * {@code omitEmptyStrings}.
   *
   * @param length the desired length of pieces after splitting, a positive integer
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that can split into fixed sized pieces
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code length} is zero or negative
   */
  public static Splitter fixedLength(final int length) {
    checkArgument(length > 0, "The length may not be less than 1");

    return new Splitter(
        new Strategy() {
          @Override
          public SplittingIterator iterator(final Splitter splitter, CharSequence toSplit) {
            return new SplittingIterator(splitter, toSplit) {
              @Override
              public int separatorStart(int start) {
                int nextChunkStart = start + length;
                return (nextChunkStart < toSplit.length() ? nextChunkStart : -1);
              }

              @Override
              public int separatorEnd(int separatorPosition) {
                return separatorPosition;
              }
            };
          }
        });
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that behaves equivalently to {@code this} splitter, but automatically omits
   * empty strings from the results. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(',').omitEmptyStrings().split(",a,,,b,c,,")} returns an iterable containing only
   * {@code ["a", "b", "c"]}.
   *
   * <p>If either {@code trimResults} option is also specified when creating a splitter, that
   * splitter always trims results first before checking for emptiness. So, for example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(':').omitEmptyStrings().trimResults().split(": : : ")} returns an empty iterable.
   *
   * <p>Note that it is ordinarily not possible for {@link #split(CharSequence)} to return an empty
   * iterable, but when using this option, it can (if the input sequence consists of nothing but
   * separators).
   *
   * @return a splitter with the desired configuration
   */
  public Splitter omitEmptyStrings() {
    return new Splitter(strategy, true, trimmer, limit);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that behaves equivalently to {@code this} splitter but stops splitting after
   * it reaches the limit. The limit defines the maximum number of items returned by the iterator,
   * or the maximum size of the list returned by {@link #splitToList}.
   *
   * <p>For example, {@code Splitter.on(',').limit(3).split("a,b,c,d")} returns an iterable
   * containing {@code ["a", "b", "c,d"]}. When omitting empty strings, the omitted strings do no
   * count. Hence, {@code Splitter.on(',').limit(3).omitEmptyStrings().split("a,,,b,,,c,d")} returns
   * an iterable containing {@code ["a", "b", "c,d"}. When trim is requested, all entries, including
   * the last are trimmed. Hence
   * {@code Splitter.on(',').limit(3).trimResults().split(" a , b , c , d ")} results in
   * {@code ["a", "b", "c , d"]}.
   *
   * @param limit the maximum number of items returned
   * @return a splitter with the desired configuration
   * @since 9.0
   */
  public Splitter limit(int limit) {
    checkArgument(limit > 0, "must be greater than zero: %s", limit);
    return new Splitter(strategy, omitEmptyStrings, trimmer, limit);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that behaves equivalently to {@code this} splitter, but automatically
   * removes leading and trailing {@linkplain CharMatcher#whitespace whitespace} from each returned
   * substring; equivalent to {@code trimResults(CharMatcher.whitespace())}. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(',').trimResults().split(" a, b ,c ")} returns an iterable containing
   * {@code ["a", "b", "c"]}.
   *
   * @return a splitter with the desired configuration
   */
  public Splitter trimResults() {
    return trimResults(CharMatcher.whitespace());
  }

  /**
   * Returns a splitter that behaves equivalently to {@code this} splitter, but removes all leading
   * or trailing characters matching the given {@code
   * CharMatcher} from each returned substring. For example, {@code
   * Splitter.on(',').trimResults(CharMatcher.is('_')).split("_a ,_b_ ,c__")} returns an iterable
   * containing {@code ["a ", "b_ ", "c"]}.
   *
   * @param trimmer a {@link CharMatcher} that determines whether a character should be removed from
   *     the beginning/end of a subsequence
   * @return a splitter with the desired configuration
   */
  // TODO(kevinb): throw if a trimmer was already specified!
  public Splitter trimResults(CharMatcher trimmer) {
    checkNotNull(trimmer);
    return new Splitter(strategy, omitEmptyStrings, trimmer, limit);
  }

  /**
   * Splits {@code sequence} into string components and makes them available through an
   * {@link Iterator}, which may be lazily evaluated. If you want an eagerly computed {@link List},
   * use {@link #splitToList(CharSequence)}.
   *
   * @param sequence the sequence of characters to split
   * @return an iteration over the segments split from the parameter.
   */
  public Iterable<String> split(final CharSequence sequence) {
    checkNotNull(sequence);

    return new Iterable<String>() {
      @Override
      public Iterator<String> iterator() {
        return splittingIterator(sequence);
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return Joiner.on(", ")
            .appendTo(new StringBuilder().append('['), this)
            .append(']')
            .toString();
      }
    };
  }

  private Iterator<String> splittingIterator(CharSequence sequence) {
    return strategy.iterator(this, sequence);
  }

  /**
   * Splits {@code sequence} into string components and returns them as an immutable list. If you
   * want an {@link Iterable} which may be lazily evaluated, use {@link #split(CharSequence)}.
   *
   * @param sequence the sequence of characters to split
   * @return an immutable list of the segments split from the parameter
   * @since 15.0
   */
  @Beta
  public List<String> splitToList(CharSequence sequence) {
    checkNotNull(sequence);

    Iterator<String> iterator = splittingIterator(sequence);
    List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();

    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      result.add(iterator.next());
    }

    return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code MapSplitter} which splits entries based on this splitter, and splits entries
   * into keys and values using the specified separator.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  @Beta
  public MapSplitter withKeyValueSeparator(String separator) {
    return withKeyValueSeparator(on(separator));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code MapSplitter} which splits entries based on this splitter, and splits entries
   * into keys and values using the specified separator.
   *
   * @since 14.0
   */
  @Beta
  public MapSplitter withKeyValueSeparator(char separator) {
    return withKeyValueSeparator(on(separator));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code MapSplitter} which splits entries based on this splitter, and splits entries
   * into keys and values using the specified key-value splitter.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  @Beta
  public MapSplitter withKeyValueSeparator(Splitter keyValueSplitter) {
    return new MapSplitter(this, keyValueSplitter);
  }

  /**
   * An object that splits strings into maps as {@code Splitter} splits iterables and lists. Like
   * {@code Splitter}, it is thread-safe and immutable.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  @Beta
  public static final class MapSplitter {
    private static final String INVALID_ENTRY_MESSAGE = "Chunk [%s] is not a valid entry";
    private final Splitter outerSplitter;
    private final Splitter entrySplitter;

    private MapSplitter(Splitter outerSplitter, Splitter entrySplitter) {
      this.outerSplitter = outerSplitter; // only "this" is passed
      this.entrySplitter = checkNotNull(entrySplitter);
    }

    /**
     * Splits {@code sequence} into substrings, splits each substring into an entry, and returns an
     * unmodifiable map with each of the entries. For example,
     * {@code Splitter.on(';').trimResults().withKeyValueSeparator("=>").split("a=>b ; c=>b")} will
     * return a mapping from {@code "a"} to {@code "b"} and {@code "c"} to {@code "b"}.
     *
     * <p>The returned map preserves the order of the entries from {@code sequence}.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified sequence does not split into valid map
     *     entries, or if there are duplicate keys
     */
    public Map<String, String> split(CharSequence sequence) {
      Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
      for (String entry : outerSplitter.split(sequence)) {
        Iterator<String> entryFields = entrySplitter.splittingIterator(entry);

        checkArgument(entryFields.hasNext(), INVALID_ENTRY_MESSAGE, entry);
        String key = entryFields.next();
        checkArgument(!map.containsKey(key), "Duplicate key [%s] found.", key);

        checkArgument(entryFields.hasNext(), INVALID_ENTRY_MESSAGE, entry);
        String value = entryFields.next();
        map.put(key, value);

        checkArgument(!entryFields.hasNext(), INVALID_ENTRY_MESSAGE, entry);
      }
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
    }
  }

  private interface Strategy {
    Iterator<String> iterator(Splitter splitter, CharSequence toSplit);
  }

  private abstract static class SplittingIterator extends AbstractIterator<String> {
    final CharSequence toSplit;
    final CharMatcher trimmer;
    final boolean omitEmptyStrings;

    /**
     * Returns the first index in {@code toSplit} at or after {@code start} that contains the
     * separator.
     */
    abstract int separatorStart(int start);

    /**
     * Returns the first index in {@code toSplit} after {@code
     * separatorPosition} that does not contain a separator. This method is only invoked after a
     * call to {@code separatorStart}.
     */
    abstract int separatorEnd(int separatorPosition);

    int offset = 0;
    int limit;

    protected SplittingIterator(Splitter splitter, CharSequence toSplit) {
      this.trimmer = splitter.trimmer;
      this.omitEmptyStrings = splitter.omitEmptyStrings;
      this.limit = splitter.limit;
      this.toSplit = toSplit;
    }

    @Override
    protected String computeNext() {
      /*
       * The returned string will be from the end of the last match to the beginning of the next
       * one. nextStart is the start position of the returned substring, while offset is the place
       * to start looking for a separator.
       */
      int nextStart = offset;
      while (offset != -1) {
        int start = nextStart;
        int end;

        int separatorPosition = separatorStart(offset);
        if (separatorPosition == -1) {
          end = toSplit.length();
          offset = -1;
        } else {
          end = separatorPosition;
          offset = separatorEnd(separatorPosition);
        }
        if (offset == nextStart) {
          /*
           * This occurs when some pattern has an empty match, even if it doesn't match the empty
           * string -- for example, if it requires lookahead or the like. The offset must be
           * increased to look for separators beyond this point, without changing the start position
           * of the next returned substring -- so nextStart stays the same.
           */
          offset++;
          if (offset >= toSplit.length()) {
            offset = -1;
          }
          continue;
        }

        while (start < end && trimmer.matches(toSplit.charAt(start))) {
          start++;
        }
        while (end > start && trimmer.matches(toSplit.charAt(end - 1))) {
          end--;
        }

        if (omitEmptyStrings && start == end) {
          // Don't include the (unused) separator in next split string.
          nextStart = offset;
          continue;
        }

        if (limit == 1) {
          // The limit has been reached, return the rest of the string as the
          // final item. This is tested after empty string removal so that
          // empty strings do not count towards the limit.
          end = toSplit.length();
          offset = -1;
          // Since we may have changed the end, we need to trim it again.
          while (end > start && trimmer.matches(toSplit.charAt(end - 1))) {
            end--;
          }
        } else {
          limit--;
        }

        return toSplit.subSequence(start, end).toString();
      }
      return endOfData();
    }
  }
}
