content: /*
   * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
   * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
   * distributed with this work for additional information
   * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
   * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
   * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
   * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.validation.entities;
  
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Objects;
  
  import org.junit.Test;
  
  import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQLTester;
  import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.UntypedResultSet;
  import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.Int32Type;
  import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
  
  import static java.lang.String.format;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
  
  /**
   * Tests for CQL's {@code WRITETIME}, {@code MAXWRITETIME} and {@code TTL} selection functions.
   */
  public class WritetimeOrTTLTest extends CQLTester
  {
      private static final long TIMESTAMP_1 = 1;
      private static final long TIMESTAMP_2 = 2;
      private static final Long NO_TIMESTAMP = null;
  
      private static final int TTL_1 = 10000;
      private static final int TTL_2 = 20000;
      private static final Integer NO_TTL = null;
  
      @Test
      public void testSimple() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (pk int, ck int, v int,  PRIMARY KEY(pk, ck))");
  
          // Primary key columns should be rejected
          assertInvalidPrimaryKeySelection("pk");
          assertInvalidPrimaryKeySelection("ck");
  
          // No rows
          assertEmpty(execute("SELECT WRITETIME(v) FROM %s"));
          assertEmpty(execute("SELECT TTL(v) FROM %s"));
  
          // Insert row without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk, ck, v) VALUES (1, 2, 3) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
  
          // Update the row with TTL and a new timestamp
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET v=8 WHERE pk=1 AND ck=2", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_1);
  
          // Combine with other columns
          assertRows("SELECT pk, WRITETIME(v) FROM %s", row(1, TIMESTAMP_2));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(v), pk FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_2, 1));
          assertRows("SELECT pk, WRITETIME(v), v, ck FROM %s", row(1, TIMESTAMP_2, 8, 2));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testList() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, l list<int>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("l", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (1, []) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("l", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (1, [1]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("l", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
  
          // Add a new element to the list with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET l=l+[2] WHERE k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("l", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
  
          assertInvalidListElementSelection("l[0]", "l");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("l[..0]", "l");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("l[0..]", "l");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("l[1..1]", "l");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("l[1..2]", "l");
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (1, [1, 2, 3]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (2, [1, 2]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (3, [1]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (4, []) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, l) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(l) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1)),
                     row(2, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_2)),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1)));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenList() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, v frozen<list<int>>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, []) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          // truncate, since previous columns would win on reconcilliation because of their TTL (CASSANDRA-14592)
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
  
          // Update with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, [1]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
  
          // Add a new element to the list with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, [1, 2, 3]) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
  
          assertInvalidListElementSelection("v[1]", "v");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("v[..0]", "v");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("v[0..]", "v");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("v[1..1]", "v");
          assertInvalidListSliceSelection("v[1..2]", "v");
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, [1, 2, 3]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (2, [1, 2]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (3, [1]) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (4, []) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(v) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testSet() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, s set<int>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Update with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {1}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Add a new element to the set with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET s=s+{2} WHERE k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Combine timestamp selection with other selections and orders
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(s[1]) FROM %s", row(1, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(s[1]), k FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_1, 1));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(s[1]), WRITETIME(s[2]) FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(s[2]), WRITETIME(s[1]) FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {1, 2, 3}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (2, {1, 2}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (3, {1}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (4, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(s) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1)),
                     row(2, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_2)),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1)));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(s[1]) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenSet() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, s frozen<set<int>>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // truncate, since previous columns would win on reconcilliation because of their TTL (CASSANDRA-14592)
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
  
          // Update with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {1}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Add a new element to the set with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {1, 2}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[0..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[1..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[2..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("s[3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (1, {1, 2, 3}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (2, {1, 2}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (3, {1}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (4, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, s) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(s) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(s[1]) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testMap() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, m map<int, int>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Update with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {1:10}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Add a new element to the map with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET m=m+{2:20} WHERE k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Combine timestamp selection with other selections and orders
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(m[1]) FROM %s", row(1, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(m[1]), k FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_1, 1));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(m[1]), WRITETIME(m[2]) FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2));
          assertRows("SELECT WRITETIME(m[2]), WRITETIME(m[1]) FROM %s", row(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {1:10, 2:20, 3:30}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (2, {1:10, 2:20}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (3, {1:10}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (4, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(m) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1)),
                     row(2, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_2)),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1)));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(m[1]) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenMap() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, m frozen<map<int,int>>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Create empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // truncate, since previous columns would win on reconcilliation because of their TTL (CASSANDRA-14592)
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
  
          // Create with a single element without TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {1:10}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Add a new element to the map with a new timestamp and a TTL
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {1:10, 2:20}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[0..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[1..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[2..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("m[3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Read multiple rows to verify selector reset
          execute("TRUNCATE TABLE %s");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (1, {1:10, 2:20, 3:30}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (2, {1:10, 2:20}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (3, {1:10}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_1);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (4, {}) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, m) VALUES (5, null) USING TIMESTAMP ?", TIMESTAMP_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(m) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(m[1]) FROM %s",
                     row(5, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(1, TIMESTAMP_1),
                     row(2, TIMESTAMP_2),
                     row(4, NO_TIMESTAMP),
                     row(3, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testNestedCollections() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, v map<int,frozen<set<int>>>)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (1) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, {1:{1,2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET v=v+{2:{1, 2}} WHERE k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..2]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2..3]", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0..1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][1..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][2..3]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0..1]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][1..2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][2..3]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0..1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][1..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..2][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..2][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..2][2]", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..2][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenNestedCollections() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, v frozen<map<int,frozen<set<int>>>>)");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v) VALUES (1, {1:{1,2}, 2:{1,2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][0..1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][1..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][2..3]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][2..3]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][0..1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][1..2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][2..3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3][3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[2..3]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[3..4]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..0][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..0][1]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[0..1][2]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..2][0]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..2][1]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..2][2]", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("v[1..2][3]", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testUDT() throws Throwable
      {
          String type = createType("CREATE TYPE %s (f1 int, f2 int)");
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, t " + type + ')');
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (0) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Both fields are empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (0, {f1:null, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=0", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=0", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=0", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=0", row(0, NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TIMESTAMP));
  
          // Only the first field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (1, {f1:1, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=1", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP), ttls(TTL_1, NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Only the second field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (2, {f1:null, f2:2}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", timestamps(NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP));
  
          // Both fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (3, {f1:1, f2:2}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=3", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=3", row(3, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Having only the first field set, update the second field
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET t.f2=2 WHERE k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=1", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Having only the second field set, update the second field
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET t.f1=1 WHERE k=2", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(TTL_2, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, TIMESTAMP_2, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenUDT() throws Throwable
      {
          String type = createType("CREATE TYPE %s (f1 int, f2 int)");
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, t frozen<" + type + ">)");
  
          // Null column
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k) VALUES (0) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Both fields are empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (0, {f1:null, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=0", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=0", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=0", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=0", row(0, NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TIMESTAMP));
  
          // Only the first field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (1, {f1:1, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=1", row(1, NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1));
  
          // Only the second field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (2, {f1:null, f2:2}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1));
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f2), WRITETIME(t.f1) FROM %s WHERE k=2", row(2, TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP));
  
          // Both fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (3, {f1:1, f2:2}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertRows("SELECT k, WRITETIME(t.f1), WRITETIME(t.f2) FROM %s WHERE k=3", row(3, TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_1));
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testNestedUDTs() throws Throwable
      {
          String nestedType = createType("CREATE TYPE %s (f1 int, f2 int)");
          String type = createType(format("CREATE TYPE %%s (f1 frozen<%s>, f2 frozen<%<s>)", nestedType));
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, t " + type + ')');
  
          // Both fields are empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (1, {f1:null, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, no nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (2, {f1:{f1:null,f2:null}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP), ttls(TTL_1, NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, only the first nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (3, {f1:{f1:1,f2:null}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP), ttls(TTL_1, NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, only the second nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (4, {f1:{f1:null,f2:2}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=4", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP), ttls(TTL_1, NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=4", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=4", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, both nested field are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (5, {f1:{f1:1,f2:2}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=5", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, NO_TIMESTAMP), ttls(TTL_1, NO_TTL));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, no nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (6, {f1:null, f2:{f1:null,f2:null}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=6", timestamps(NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=6", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, only the first nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (7, {f1:null, f2:{f1:1,f2:null}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=7", timestamps(NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=7", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=7", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, only the second nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (8, {f1:null, f2:{f1:null,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=8", timestamps(NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=8", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=8", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          // Only the second field is set, both nested field are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (9, {f1:null, f2:{f1:1,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=9", timestamps(NO_TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_1), ttls(NO_TTL, TTL_1));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          // Both fields are set, alternate fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (10, {f1:{f1:1}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET t.f2={f2:2} WHERE k=10", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=10", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=10", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=10", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
  
          // Both fields are set, alternate fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (11, {f1:{f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET t.f2={f1:2} WHERE k=11", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=11", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=11", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=11", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Both fields are set, all fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (12, {f1:{f1:1,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ? SET t.f2={f1:1,f2:2} WHERE k=12", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=12", timestamps(TIMESTAMP_1, TIMESTAMP_2), ttls(TTL_1, TTL_2));
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_2, TTL_2);
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFrozenNestedUDTs() throws Throwable
      {
          String nestedType = createType("CREATE TYPE %s (f1 int, f2 int)");
          String type = createType(format("CREATE TYPE %%s (f1 frozen<%s>, f2 frozen<%<s>)", nestedType));
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, t frozen<" + type + ">)");
  
          // Both fields are empty
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (1, {f1:null, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=1", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=1", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, no nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (2, {f1:{f1:null,f2:null}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=2", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=2", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, only the first nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (3, {f1:{f1:1,f2:null}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=3", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=3", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, only the second nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (4, {f1:{f1:null,f2:2}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=4", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=4", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=4", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=4", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the first field is set, both nested field are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (5, {f1:{f1:1,f2:2}, f2:null}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=5", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=5", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, no nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (6, {f1:null, f2:{f1:null,f2:null}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=6", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=6", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=6", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, only the first nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (7, {f1:null, f2:{f1:1,f2:null}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=7", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=7", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=7", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=7", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Only the second field is set, only the second nested field is set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (8, {f1:null, f2:{f1:null,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=8", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=8", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=8", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=8", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          // Only the second field is set, both nested field are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (9, {f1:null, f2:{f1:1,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=9", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=9", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
  
          // Both fields are set, alternate fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (10, {f1:{f1:1}, f2:{f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=10", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=10", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=10", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          // Both fields are set, alternate fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (11, {f1:{f2:2}, f2:{f1:1}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=11", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=11", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=11", NO_TIMESTAMP, NO_TTL);
  
          // Both fields are set, all fields are set
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, t) VALUES (12, {f1:{f1:1,f2:2},f2:{f1:1,f2:2}}) USING TIMESTAMP ? AND TTL ?", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f1.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f1", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
          assertWritetimeAndTTL("t.f2.f2", "k=12", TIMESTAMP_1, TTL_1);
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testFunctions() throws Throwable
      {
          createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int PRIMARY KEY, v int, s set<int>, fs frozen<set<int>>)");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v, s, fs) VALUES (0, 0, {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}) USING TIMESTAMP 1 AND TTL 1000");
          execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, v, s, fs) VALUES (1, 1, {10, 20, 30}, {10, 20, 30}) USING TIMESTAMP 10 AND TTL 1000");
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP 2 AND TTL 2000 SET s = s + {2, 3} WHERE k = 0");
          execute("UPDATE %s USING TIMESTAMP 20 AND TTL 2000 SET s = s + {20, 30} WHERE k = 1");
  
          // Regular column
          assertRows("SELECT min(v) FROM %s", row(0));
          assertRows("SELECT max(v) FROM %s", row(1));
          assertRows("SELECT writetime(v) FROM %s", row(10L), row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT min(writetime(v)) FROM %s", row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT max(writetime(v)) FROM %s", row(10L));
          assertRows("SELECT min(maxwritetime(v)) FROM %s", row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT max(maxwritetime(v)) FROM %s", row(10L));
  
          // Frozen collection
          assertRows("SELECT min(fs) FROM %s", row(set(1, 2, 3)));
          assertRows("SELECT max(fs) FROM %s", row(set(10, 20, 30)));
          assertRows("SELECT writetime(fs) FROM %s", row(10L), row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT min(writetime(fs)) FROM %s", row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT max(writetime(fs)) FROM %s", row(10L));
          assertRows("SELECT min(maxwritetime(fs)) FROM %s", row(1L));
          assertRows("SELECT max(maxwritetime(fs)) FROM %s", row(10L));
  
          // Multi-cell collection
          assertRows("SELECT min(s) FROM %s", row(set(1, 2, 3)));
          assertRows("SELECT max(s) FROM %s", row(set(10, 20, 30)));
          assertRows("SELECT writetime(s) FROM %s", row(list(10L, 20L, 20L)), row(list(1L, 2L, 2L)));
          assertRows("SELECT min(writetime(s)) FROM %s", row(list(1L, 2L, 2L)));
          assertRows("SELECT max(writetime(s)) FROM %s", row(list(10L, 20L, 20L)));
          assertRows("SELECT min(maxwritetime(s)) FROM %s", row(2L));
          assertRows("SELECT max(maxwritetime(s)) FROM %s", row(20L));
      }
  
      private static List<Integer> ttls(Integer... a)
      {
          return Arrays.asList(a);
      }
  
      private static List<Long> timestamps(Long... a)
      {
          return Arrays.asList(a);
      }
  
      private void assertRows(String query, Object[]... rows) throws Throwable
      {
          assertRows(execute(query), rows);
      }
  
      private void assertWritetimeAndTTL(String column, Long timestamp, Integer ttl) throws Throwable
      {
          assertWritetimeAndTTL(column, null, timestamp, ttl);
      }
  
      private void assertWritetimeAndTTL(String column, List<Long> timestamps, List<Integer> ttls) throws Throwable
      {
          assertWritetimeAndTTL(column, null, timestamps, ttls);
      }
  
      private void assertWritetimeAndTTL(String column, String where, Long timestamp, Integer ttl)
      throws Throwable
      {
          where = where == null ? "" : " WHERE " + where;
  
          // Verify write time
          assertRows(format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where), row(timestamp));
  
          // Verify max write time
          assertRows(format("SELECT MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where), row(timestamp));
  
          // Verify write time and max write time together
          assertRows(format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s), MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, column, where),
                     row(timestamp, timestamp));
  
          // Verify ttl
          UntypedResultSet rs = execute(format("SELECT TTL(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where));
          assertRowCount(rs, 1);
          UntypedResultSet.Row row = rs.one();
          String ttlColumn = format("ttl(%s)", column);
          if (ttl == null)
          {
              assertFalse(row.has(ttlColumn));
          }
          else
          {
              assertTTL(ttl, row.getInt(ttlColumn));
          }
      }
  
      private void assertWritetimeAndTTL(String column, String where, List<Long> timestamps, List<Integer> ttls)
      throws Throwable
      {
          where = where == null ? "" : " WHERE " + where;
  
          // Verify write time
          assertRows(format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where), row(timestamps));
  
          // Verify max write time
          Long maxTimestamp = timestamps.stream().filter(Objects::nonNull).max(Long::compare).orElse(null);
          assertRows(format("SELECT MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where), row(maxTimestamp));
  
          // Verify write time and max write time together
          assertRows(format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s), MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, column, where),
                     row(timestamps, maxTimestamp));
  
          // Verify ttl
          UntypedResultSet rs = execute(format("SELECT TTL(%s) FROM %%s %s", column, where));
          assertRowCount(rs, 1);
          UntypedResultSet.Row row = rs.one();
          String ttlColumn = format("ttl(%s)", column);
          if (ttls == null)
          {
              assertFalse(row.has(ttlColumn));
          }
          else
          {
              List<Integer> actualTTLs = row.getList(ttlColumn, Int32Type.instance);
              assertEquals(ttls.size(), actualTTLs.size());
  
              for (int i = 0; i < actualTTLs.size(); i++)
              {
                  Integer expectedTTL = ttls.get(i);
                  Integer actualTTL = actualTTLs.get(i);
                  assertTTL(expectedTTL, actualTTL);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Since the returned TTL is the remaining seconds since last update, it could be lower than the
       * specified TTL depending on the test execution time, se we allow up to one-minute difference
       */
      private void assertTTL(Integer expected, Integer actual)
      {
          if (expected == null)
          {
              assertNull(actual);
          }
          else
          {
              assertNotNull(actual);
              assertTrue(actual > expected - 60);
              assertTrue(actual <= expected);
          }
      }
  
      private void assertInvalidPrimaryKeySelection(String column) throws Throwable
      {
          assertInvalidThrowMessage("Cannot use selection function writetime on PRIMARY KEY part " + column,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage("Cannot use selection function maxwritetime on PRIMARY KEY part " + column,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage("Cannot use selection function ttl on PRIMARY KEY part " + column,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT TTL(%s) FROM %%s", column));
      }
  
      private void assertInvalidListElementSelection(String column, String list) throws Throwable
      {
          String message = format("Element selection is only allowed on sets and maps, but %s is a list", list);
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT TTL(%s) FROM %%s", column));
      }
  
      private void assertInvalidListSliceSelection(String column, String list) throws Throwable
      {
          String message = format("Slice selection is only allowed on sets and maps, but %s is a list", list);
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT WRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT MAXWRITETIME(%s) FROM %%s", column));
          assertInvalidThrowMessage(message,
                                    InvalidRequestException.class,
                                    format("SELECT TTL(%s) FROM %%s", column));
      }
  }
  