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   * distributed with this work for additional information
   * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
   * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
   * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
   * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
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  package org.apache.cassandra.test.microbench.tries;
  
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.util.Random;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
  import org.apache.cassandra.db.tries.InMemoryTrie;
  import org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.BufferType;
  import org.apache.cassandra.utils.bytecomparable.ByteComparable;
  import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
  import org.openjdk.jmh.infra.Blackhole;
  
  @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
  @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
  @Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1)
  @Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1)
  @Fork(value = 1,jvmArgsAppend = { "-Xmx4G", "-Xms4G", "-Djmh.executor=CUSTOM", "-Djmh.executor.class=org.apache.cassandra.test.microbench.FastThreadExecutor"})
  @Threads(1) // no concurrent writes
  @State(Scope.Benchmark)
  public class InMemoryTrieWriteBench
  {
      @Param({"ON_HEAP", "OFF_HEAP"})
      BufferType bufferType = BufferType.OFF_HEAP;
  
      @Param({"1000", "100000", "10000000"})
      int count = 1000;
  
      @Param({"8"})
      int keyLength = 8;
  
      final static InMemoryTrie.UpsertTransformer<Byte, Byte> resolver = (x, y) -> y;
  
      // Set this to true to print the trie sizes after insertions for sanity checking.
      // This might affect the timings, do not commit with this set to true.
      final static boolean PRINT_SIZES = false;
  
      @Benchmark
      public void putSequential(Blackhole bh) throws InMemoryTrie.SpaceExhaustedException
      {
          InMemoryTrie<Byte> trie = new InMemoryTrie(bufferType);
          ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(keyLength);
  
          for (long current = 0; current < count; ++current)
          {
              long l = current;
              buf.putLong(keyLength - 8, l);
              trie.putRecursive(ByteComparable.fixedLength(buf), Byte.valueOf((byte) (l >> 56)), resolver);
          }
          if (PRINT_SIZES)
              System.out.println(trie.valuesCount());
          bh.consume(trie);
      }
  
      @Benchmark
      public void putRandom(Blackhole bh) throws InMemoryTrie.SpaceExhaustedException
      {
          InMemoryTrie<Byte> trie = new InMemoryTrie(bufferType);
          Random rand = new Random(1);
          byte[] buf = new byte[keyLength];
  
          for (long current = 0; current < count; ++current)
          {
              rand.nextBytes(buf);
              trie.putRecursive(ByteComparable.fixedLength(buf), Byte.valueOf(buf[0]), resolver);
          }
          if (PRINT_SIZES)
              System.out.println(trie.valuesCount());
          bh.consume(trie);
      }
  
      @Benchmark
      public void applySequential(Blackhole bh) throws InMemoryTrie.SpaceExhaustedException
      {
          InMemoryTrie<Byte> trie = new InMemoryTrie(bufferType);
          ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(keyLength);
  
          for (long current = 0; current < count; ++current)
          {
              long l = current;
              buf.putLong(keyLength - 8, l);
              trie.putSingleton(ByteComparable.fixedLength(buf), Byte.valueOf((byte) (l >> 56)), resolver);
          }
          if (PRINT_SIZES)
              System.out.println(trie.valuesCount());
          bh.consume(trie);
      }
  
      @Benchmark
      public void applyRandom(Blackhole bh) throws InMemoryTrie.SpaceExhaustedException
      {
          InMemoryTrie<Byte> trie = new InMemoryTrie(bufferType);
          Random rand = new Random(1);
          byte[] buf = new byte[keyLength];
  
          for (long current = 0; current < count; ++current)
          {
              rand.nextBytes(buf);
              trie.putSingleton(ByteComparable.fixedLength(buf), Byte.valueOf(buf[0]), resolver);
          }
          if (PRINT_SIZES)
              System.out.println(trie.valuesCount());
          bh.consume(trie);
      }
  }
  